German Grammar Drills, Third Edition
By Ed Swick
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4 ratings1 review
- Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5useful to refresh and highlight main themes in German grammarnot really comprehensive, but all the main themes needed to cover the main structures A-C are therebeside a chapter-by-chapter set of exercises, it includes also three sets of interim review exercises, and a final test covering all the themesoverall, 215 exercises
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German Grammar Drills, Third Edition - Ed Swick
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Contents
Preface
1 Determining Gender
2 Forming Plurals
3 Pronouns
4 Nominative Case
5 Accusative Case
6 Dative Case
7 Genitive Case
8 Accusative-Dative Prepositions
9 Der Words and Ein Words
Review 1
10 Adjectives
11 Contractions
12 Questions and Interrogatives
13 Present Tense
14 Past Tense
15 Present Perfect and Past Perfect Tenses
16 Future Tenses
17 Imperatives
18 Reflexive Pronouns
Review 2
19 Prefixes
20 Numbers, Time, Days of the Week, and the Calendar
21 Modal Auxiliaries and Double Infinitives
22 Conjunctions
23 Relative Pronouns
24 Comparatives and Superlatives
25 Passive Voice
26 Subjunctive Mood
27 Infinitive Clauses
Review 3
Final Review
Answer Key
Preface
If you’ve picked up this book, you know that to learn a language well—that is, to read, write, understand others, and be understood yourself—at some point you have to buckle down and deal with the grammar. German Grammar Drills will enable you to take charge of the grammar that you need to know German well. It does so by providing you with plenty of writing drills that will reinforce your knowledge and enhance your ability to speak, read, and write with finesse.
This book shows you how each grammatical structure functions by giving you comprehensive descriptions and practical examples. It is divided into three groupings of nine chapters each that will help you organize your studies. At the end of each group of chapters there is a review of the concepts you encountered in that section’s chapters, and at the end of the book is a Final Review. The exercises in the reviews serve as an aid in determining which concepts you have learned well and which ones you might need to go over again. Answers for all the exercises are provided in the Answer Key. And new to this edition, 45 interactive quizzes are available in the McGraw-Hill Education Language Lab app to test your understanding, chapter-by-chapter. The language emphasis is on contemporary spoken German, and the German reflects the latest orthography used in the German-speaking world.
When you’ve worked your way through German Grammar Drills, not only will you find yourself confidently on your way to fluency, but also this book will remain a unique resource anytime you need to clarify or review essential grammatical concepts.
Acknowledgment
With much gratitude to Sabine McNulty for all her help and suggestions.
1
Determining Gender
For the most part, the gender of English nouns is based upon being male, female, or an inanimate object. German is similar only in a small degree. Many nouns that refer to males or females are masculine or feminine respectively. But this similarity to English soon ends. The gender of most German nouns can be determined by examining their makeup. Certain prefixes, suffixes, and structural elements are signals that a noun is a specific gender. And that gender doesn’t necessarily have to do with the noun being male, female, or inanimate.
Masculine nouns can be identified by the following characteristics:
1. Nouns that refer to males: der Vater, der Junge (father, boy)
2. Many nouns that end in -er, -en, and -el: der Lehrer, der Wagen, der Mantel (teacher, car, coat)
3. Days of the week, months, and seasons: der Montag, der Januar, der Herbst (Monday, January, autumn)
4. Foreign words with the accent on the last syllable: der Soldat, der Elefant (soldier, elephant)
5. Nouns formed from an infinitive minus the -en ending: der Besuch (besuchen), der Lohn (lohnen) (visit, wages)
6. Many nouns that form their plural by (umlaut) + e: der Brief (die Briefe), der Satz (die Sätze) (letter, sentence)
7. Nouns that end in -ich, -ig, -ismus, -ist, -ling, and -us: der Teppich, der Käfig, der Kommunismus, der Kapitalist, der Lehrling, der Rhythmus (carpet, cage, communism, capitalist, apprentice, rhythm)
Feminine nouns can be identified by the following characteristics:
1. Nouns that refer to females: die Mutter, die Frau (mother, woman or wife)
2. Names of numerals: die Eins, die Hundert (one, hundred)
3. Names of many rivers: die Elbe, die Mosel (the Elbe, the Moselle)
4. Many nouns ending in -e: die Lampe, die Ernte (lamp, harvest)
5. Nouns ending in -in that identify females in professions: die Lehrerin, die Ärztin (teacher, physician)
6. Many nouns ending in -a: die Kamera, die Pizza (camera, pizza)
7. Many nouns that form their plural by -(e)n: die Tante (die Tanten), die Zeitschrift (die Zeitschriften) (aunt, magazine)
8. Nouns that end in -ei, -heit, -keit, -ie, -ik, -nz, -schaft, -ion, -tät, -ung, and -ur: die Schweinerei, die Einheit, die Einsamkeit, die Fotografie, die Topik, die Konferenz, die Landschaft, die Position, die Universität, die Prüfung, die Natur (mess, unity, loneliness, photography, topic, conference, landscape, position, university, test, nature)
Neuter nouns can be identified by the following characteristics:
1. Diminutive nouns that end in -chen or -lein: das Mädchen, das Röslein (girl, little rose)
2. Nouns formed from an infinitive: das Einkommen, das Singen (income, singing). These nouns do not have a plural form.
3. Most nouns that end in -nis: das Bekenntnis, das Gedächtnis (confession, memory)
4. Many nouns with the prefix Ge-: das Gemälde, das Gelächter (painting, laughter)
5. Nouns that refer to metals: das Gold, das Silber (gold, silver)
6. Nouns that end in -ment: das Regiment, das Experiment (regiment, experiment)
7. Most nouns that form their plural by (umlaut) + er: das Haus (die Häuser), das Kind (die Kinder) (house, child)
8. Nouns that end in -tel, -tum, and -um: das Viertel, das Königtum, das Gymnasium (quarter, monarchy, prep school)
Exercise 1
Identify the gender of the following nouns by supplying the missing definite article (der, die, or das).
1. ________ Apfel
2. ________ Bruder
3. ________ Übung
4. ________ Gesetz
5. ________ Reise
6. ________ Album
7. ________ Krankheit
8. ________ Eisen
9. ________ Schwester
10. ________ Eigentum
11. ________ Appartement
12. ________ Qualität
13. ________ Eleganz
14. ________ Onkel
15. ________ Explosion
16. ________ Eigenschaft
17. ________ Schwimmen
18. ________ Lehre
19. ________ Schlag
20. ________ Ereignis
21. ________ Donau
22. ________ Museum
23. ________ Honig
24. ________ Sozialismus
25. ________ Regen
Exercise 2
Provide nouns that exemplify the characteristics shown in parentheses. For example:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Exercise 3
Rewrite the following plural nouns as singular nouns. Provide the appropriate definite article.
1. die Tannen _____________________________________________
2. die Flüsse _____________________________________________
3. die Bücher _____________________________________________
4. die Übungen _____________________________________________
5. die Zeiten _____________________________________________
6. die Bäume _____________________________________________
7. die Arme _____________________________________________
8. die Kinder _____________________________________________
9. die Freundinnen _____________________________________________
10. die Könige _____________________________________________
11. die Zeitungen _____________________________________________
12. die Länder _____________________________________________
13. die Bälle _____________________________________________
14. die Finger _____________________________________________
15. die Mädchen _____________________________________________
Exercise 4
Rewrite the following singular nouns as plural nouns.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Exercise 5
1. List ten masculine nouns, five of which refer to males and five of which are inanimate objects.
2. List ten feminine nouns, five of which refer to females and five of which are inanimate objects.
3. List ten neuter nouns, five of which refer to living persons or things and five of which are inanimate objects.
2
Forming Plurals
Singular nouns are those that describe one person or object: a boy, a girl, my house, their teacher, our party. Plural nouns describe more than one person or object: five boys, the women, a few windows, your parents, these flowers. In English, most nouns become plural by adding an -s. Some English nouns form their plural in other ways, such as one woman becomes ten women, a mouse becomes the mice.
A few German nouns form their plural by adding an -s like English. These nouns tend to be foreign words, such as:
Most German nouns, however, form their plural in other ways. Although there are general rules to follow when forming the plural of a German noun, it is best to consult a dictionary for complete accuracy. Masculine nouns ending in -er, -en, or -el do not require an ending to form the plural. But some require the addition of an umlaut.
Other masculine nouns add an -e to form the plural. Some of these also require an umlaut.
Some masculine nouns traditionally form their plural with the addition of -en. Those masculine nouns that end in -e in the singular as well as those that are foreign words with the accent on the last syllable also form their plural by adding -(e)n.
A few masculine nouns form their plural by adding -er. Many also require an umlaut.
Feminine nouns in the plural generally end in -n or -en.
But a small group of feminine nouns forms its plural by adding -e and an umlaut.
A few feminine nouns that end in -er in the singular form their plural by an umlaut or the addition of an -n.
Feminine nouns having the suffix -in form their plural by adding -nen.
Neuter nouns that are diminutives with the suffix -chen or -lein do not require an ending to form the plural.
This is also true of neuter nouns that end in -er, -en, or -el. However, infinitives, which end in -en and are used as nouns, are always neuter. But they do not form plurals.
A large group of neuter nouns forms the plural by adding -er. This plural form requires an umlaut when an umlaut vowel (a, o, u) is present in the noun.
Another large group of neuter nouns adds the ending -e to form the plural.
All plurals, no matter from what gender they are derived, use the definite article die.
Exercise 6
Rewrite the following masculine nouns as plural nouns.
1. der Vogel ________________________________________________
2. der Spiegel ________________________________________________
3. der Gärtner ________________________________________________
4. der Brief ________________________________________________
5. der Lehrling ________________________________________________
6. der Physiker ________________________________________________
7. der Laden ________________________________________________
8. der Käfig ________________________________________________
9. der Hammer ________________________________________________
10. der Schuh ________________________________________________
Exercise 7
Rewrite the following feminine nouns as plural nouns.
1. die Maus ________________________________________________
2. die Schülerin ________________________________________________
3. die Kasse ________________________________________________
4. die Landkarte ________________________________________________
5. die Hausarbeit ________________________________________________
6. die Macht ________________________________________________
7. die Wurst ________________________________________________
8. die Schwester ________________________________________________
9. die Tafel ________________________________________________
10. die Tanne ________________________________________________
Exercise 8
Rewrite the following neuter nouns as plural nouns.
1. das Heft ________________________________________________
2. das Wort ________________________________________________
3. das Hotel ________________________________________________
4. das Kind ________________________________________________
5. das Rad ________________________________________________
6. das Gesicht ________________________________________________
7. das Bein ________________________________________________
8. das Blatt ________________________________________________
9. das Büchlein ________________________________________________
10. das Zimmer ________________________________________________
Exercise 9
Rewrite the following plural nouns as singular nouns. Provide the appropriate definite article to identify the