iPhone Unlocked
By David Pogue
()
About this ebook
Apple has sold over 2.2 billion iPhones—but not one has come with a user guide. And with each annual update of iOS, Apple piles on more and more features; at this moment, the Settings app alone bristles with over 1,000 options.
In iPhone Unlocked, the #1 bestselling iPhone author David Pogue offers a curated guide to the essential and useful features of the new iPhone 12 family—and all other models that can run the iOS 14 software. A former New York Times tech columnist and bestselling how-to author, no one is better equipped than Pogue to offer expert instruction to this complicated iPhone.
With his trademark humor, crystal-clear prose, and 300 full-color illustrations, Pogue guides readers through everything in iOS 14: Home-screen widgets, the new App Library, the all-new Translate app, the redesigned Search, FaceTime, and calling screens, and much more. Whether you’re a new iPhone user or a seasoned veteran, iPhone Unlocked is a gorgeous, authoritative, all-in-one master class on all things iPhone.
David Pogue
DAVID POGUE has 1.5 million followers on Twitter and recently launched a consumer-tech site for Yahoo. Previously he was the tech columnist at The New York Times for thirteen years where he wrote weekly columns that constantly ended up on the Top Ten List of most e-mailed articles of the paper. Additionally Pogue writes a monthly column for Scientific American, is the creator of the Missing Manual computer-book series, and hosts science shows on PBS's NOVA. He has been a correspondent for CBS Sunday Morning since 2002, for which he has won two Emmys, as well as two Webbys, and a Loeb award for journalism.
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iPhone Unlocked - David Pogue
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iPhone Unlocked by David Pogue, Simon & SchusterContents
Introduction
How This Book Was Born
Seven Fundamentals of the iPhone
What’s New in iOS 14
Part One: Meet the Machine
Chapter 1: The Hardware in Your Hand
On, Off, and Asleep
The Left-Side Buttons
The Screen
The Cameras
The Home Button (Maybe)
Speakers and Microphones
Connections
Charging (and Battery Tips)
How to Charge Your Phone
Antenna Gaps
SIM Card Slot
Chapter 2: Eleven Settings to Change First Thing
Set Your Password, Face ID, or Fingerprint
Auto-Type Your Email Address
Adjust Auto-Sleep
Chill Your Notifications
Set Up Do Not Disturb
Personalize the Control Center
Get Your Languages Ready
Turn On Insta-Zoom
Set Up Backup
Prepare the Emergency Screen
Hook Up Your ’Buds and Speakers
Chapter 3: Cellular, Wi-Fi, and 5G
The Cell Network
Wi-Fi Hotspots
Personal Hotspot
The Sequence of Connections
Chapter 4: Home Screen Extreme Makeover
Status Icons
Pick Out Your Wallpaper
Dark Mode
Manage Your Apps
Secrets of the Home-Screen Dots
Widgets
The Today Screen
The App Library
Searching the Phone
Radical Makeovers
The App Switcher
Part Two: Info In, Info Out
Chapter 5: Typing and Dictating
The iOS Keyboard
Editing Text
Dictation
The iPhone Speaks
Chapter 6: Siri and Voice Control
Siri
Voice Control
Chapter 7: The Camera
Starting the Camera
Camera Modes
Photo Mode
Zooming and Framing
Portrait Mode
Selfies (the Front Camera)
Low-Light Shooting
Burst Mode
Live Photos
Pano Mode
Capturing Video
Slo-Mo Videos
Time-Lapse Videos
Chapter 8: The Photos App
Opening a Photo
Navigating Photos
Sharing Photos and Videos
Shared Albums
Editing Photos and Videos
Part Three: The iCommunicator
Chapter 9: Phone Calls and FaceTime
Dialing from the Phone App
Contacts
Visual Voicemail
Answering Calls
Fun with Phone Calls
FaceTime Video
FaceTime Audio
Chapter 10: Text Messages
Welcome to Messages
The Info Screen
Six Ways To Be More Expressive
Sending Photos and Videos
The Apps Drawer
Group Chats
Chapter 11: Mail
Mail Setup
Mail Basics
Composing Messages
Reading Email
Surviving Email
VIPs
Dealing with Spam Mail
Chapter 12: Safari
Five Ways to Start Out
Five Ways to Magnify a Page
AutoFill
Tabbed Browsing
Nine Safari Specials
Privacy and Security
Part Four: The iOS Software Suite
Chapter 13: The Built-In Apps
Calculator
Calendar
Clock
Compass
Files
Find My
Health
Home
Maps
Magnifier
Measure
Notes
Reminders
Stocks
Tips
Translate
Voice Memos
Wallet
Watch
Weather
Chapter 14: Apple’s Online Stores
The App Store
Books
Music
News
Podcasts
TV
Chapter 15: iCloud
The iCloud Account (Apple ID)
Synchronized Data
Continuity
Family Sharing
Apple Pay
Everything Else
Part Five: Beyond the Basics
Chapter 16: Seven iPhone Annoyances
Running Out of Space
The Screen Is Always Too Dim
Lockups and Freezes
Phone Won’t Start Up
Stuck on the Apple Logo
Super-Short Battery Life
Cracked Screen
Warranty and Repairs
Chapter 17: Fifteen Cool Features You Didn’t Know You Had
Tap the Back
Get More Sleep
Live Listen
People Detection (iPhone 12 Pro)
Your Phone on TV
Use a HomePod as an Intercom
AirDrop
Talk to Your Car (CarPlay)
Capture the Screen
Record Screen Video
The QR Scanner
Screen Time: Protect Your Kids
Large Type and Accessibility
Shortcuts
Part Six: Appendixes
Appendix A: Installing iOS 14
New iPhones
Upgrading to iOS 14
The Setup Assistant
Appendix B: Switching from Android
Making the Switch
Cloud Transfers
Manual Transfers
Acknowledgments
About the Author/Illustrator
About the Creative Team
Index
Introduction
These days, the iPhone is barely recognizable as a telephone. It gets far more use as a camera, alarm clock, GPS navigator, web browser, and email terminal, not to mention a music player, radio, boarding pass, fitness tracker, TV, voice recorder, weather station, notepad, newspaper, ebook reader, calendar, stock ticker, calculator, address book, text communicator, and so on.
Heck, lots of people use the iPhone’s flashlight more often than they make phone calls with it.
Incredibly, though, the iPhone has resisted becoming a seething, sloshing mass of chaotic features. That’s mostly because of Apple’s traditional ace in the hole: Unlike its competitors (*cough* Android *cough*), Apple is the exclusive maker of both the phone’s hardware and its software. It can therefore design things to work harmoniously, minimizing complexity and maximizing the things just work
quotient.
Apple has also blessed most of its apps (that is, its software programs) with roughly the same design, so you have less to learn. The buttons are in consistent places, and they work consistently from app to app.
Every year, Apple introduces a new version of iOS, the operating system and apps of the iPhone. The book in your hands covers the 14th version—iOS 14.
How This Book Was Born
Hello there, I’m David.
I wrote my first iPhone book, iPhone: the Missing Manual, in 2007. It managed to cover every feature, app, and setting of the iPhone in 278 pages.
But each year, Apple introduced a new iOS version with more features; each year, the book got thicker. Eventually, it was 720 pages long, weighed over 2 pounds, and still didn’t cover everything—I’d started offloading entire chapters as downloadable PDF files.
Eventually, it hit me: You want to learn to use your phone, yes—but good instruction isn’t just walking through a thousand features and telling you what each one does. It’s also curation. It’s telling you which features are even worth knowing about and explaining when you might use them. It’s distinguishing between features that Apple is excited to promote—and truly inspired features that never got any marketing love.
That’s the idea behind iPhone Unlocked: to teach you the features you’ll actually find valuable, in the right order, with the right emphasis. (As for the title: It’s a little pun. Of course you want to unlock the power within your iPhone—but you also have to unlock it with your password, face, or fingerprint before you can even begin.)
Seven Fundamentals of the iPhone
It’s great that Apple has seen to it that iOS generally uses consistent design elements and operational methods in order to make life easier for you. Before you dive in, therefore, it’s worth getting to know a few of those techniques, since you’ll be encountering them over and over again. Learn once, use often.
THIS BOOK’S ARROW SHORTHAND
As a side effect of iOS’s growing complexity, it now takes more steps to find things.
Over and over, the full instructions to find a certain setting might be, "Tap the Settings app; in the list that opens, tap Accessibility. On the Accessibility screen, tap Display & Text Size. On this screen, tap Larger Text; drag the slider to make the phone’s type bigger on the screen."
That’s a lot of verbiage. So in this book, you’ll see a shorthand that looks like this: "Adjust the text size in Settings→Accessibility→Display & Text Size→Larger Text."
Here’s hoping you can interpret that notation. Without it, this book might be 720 pages long, too.
Long-Presses Are a Thing
It doesn’t take long to figure out how to tap things on the screen. Tap to open an app. Tap to take a photo. Tap to begin video playback.
What you may not guess is that many more functions are hiding behind every app’s icon, every web link, every email in your inbox, every photo thumbnail. To see these additional options, you have to use another kind of press: a long-press, where you leave your finger down on an icon or button for about a second.
On the home screen, the result is a pop-up list of commands (or a command panel, described next). In Mail, you can long-press a message’s name in your inbox to see a pop-up view of its contents. In Safari, you can long-press a web link to open a pop-up preview window of that web page. You get the idea.
Command Panels Are the New Menus
The iPhone doesn’t have a menu bar like the one on a Mac or a PC. It does, however, have something very close: the command panel. These scrolling lists of options are hiding all over the phone. You’ll see one when you long-press a text message in Messages, a place in Maps, a song in Music, a person or device in the Find My app, a file in Files, a link in Safari, and the button in any app.
The main things to remember: Tap or drag the top of the panel to enlarge it to full-screen size—and tap the gray background to make it vanish again.
You Can Configure Your Own Lists
Apple wants you to make your iPhone your iPhone. And that means giving you the tools to choose which icons appear in your Control Center, which options appear on the share sheet (page 203
), which apps appear in your Messages apps drawer
(page 262
) which widgets appear on your Today screen (page 102
), and so on.
If these terms mean nothing to you at the moment, don’t worry; you’ll learn about them. For now, it’s worth meeting the standard list configurator, which you’ll encounter in various corners of iOS.
The basic idea: This screen lists all the modules or buttons you can install. The ones you’ve already installed appear in the top half of the list; in the bottom half, you can see additional options you haven’t yet installed.
To uninstall anything that’s currently listed at the top, tap its little . (Tap Remove to confirm.) At that point, it flies down into the lower part of the list—the Uninstalled.
And to install anything in the lower list, tap its .
You can also drag the up or down to specify the order of these elements. For example, the top-to-bottom order on this configurator list determines the sequence of the tiles that appear in the Control Center (page 52
).
You’ll Be Zooming In and Out a Lot
Your little iPhone screen may be bright and clear and gorgeous, but it’s still a little iPhone screen. Compared with the screen on a regular computer, it doesn’t have a lot of real estate.
For that reason, life with the iPhone means zooming into things a lot (to read them more clearly) or zooming out (to get a big-picture view of the whole page).
Most often, the technique for doing that is pinching and spreading. That is, place two fingers on the glass—usually your thumb and index finger—and spread them apart (to magnify the image) or pinch them together (to shrink it down again). It makes more sense if you imagine that the screen is printed on a stretchy sheet of rubber.
In some apps, you can also double-tap (two fast taps in the same spot) to zoom in. That’s a quick way to enlarge photos, maps, PDF files, and so on.
No matter how you zoom in, you’re now looking at one small part of the map, photo, web page, or document. You’re peeking at it through a magnifying glass. At this point, you need a way to pan around—to move the magnifying glass around on the image. You do that by dragging one finger across the screen.
Swipes and Taps Work the Same Way Everywhere
No mouse or keyboard came with your iPhone. Therefore, you’re expected to do everything you’d do on a computer—point, click, type, scroll—using nothing but touches on the iPhone’s glass screen.
Tapping is easy: Bop an onscreen object lightly and crisply with one finger. It’s gotta be the pad of your finger; pens, pencils, toothpicks, and fingernails don’t work.
Swiping means dragging your finger across the screen. Most often, you’ll swipe horizontally across something in a list, right to left, to delete it.
Flicking means—well, flicking your finger fast across the screen. That’s how you scroll big lists, like the messages in your inbox. The quicker you flick, the faster the list spins. You’ll love flicking; the lists on the phone are animated as though they have their own inertia, slowing to a stop after a moment. (You can interrupt the scroll at any time, either with another flick or by tapping.)
The Same Markup Tools Appear Everywhere
Your iPhone’s touchscreen isn’t so different from the fancy graphics tablets that professional illustrators use. You can use it to make drawings, sketches, and signatures right on the screen—including (and especially) onto photos and PDF documents. There’s no easier way to sign a PDF contract.
To pull this off, open the standard markup tools by tapping . It appears, for example, in the Messages, Mail, Notes, and Photos apps, as you’ll read in this book.
Your artist’s toolkit includes a Pen (solid lines that get thicker as your finger slides faster); a Highlighter (translucent lines, like…a highlighter); a Pencil (a more textured, graphitey marking than the Pen, and no width variance); an Eraser (long-press to choose either Pixel Eraser, which erases pieces of lines, or Object Eraser, which deletes entire lines and shapes); and the Selection Pen (drag to enclose lines or shapes—and then drag to move the chunk you’ve selected).
There’s also a surprisingly powerful Ruler tool. Change its position and angle by putting two fingers on the ruler and then twisting or sliding them. At that point, you can make perfect straight lines by pressing your finger against
the ruler as you draw.
Apple ran out of room for the last seven tools, believe it or not; they’re hiding in the button.
When you tap Text, you get a text box. Double-tap it to type something; tap the text box and then tap to choose font and paragraph formatting. You can drag to move the box, adjust the blue handles to reshape it, or twist two fingers to rotate it.
You can tap Signature to insert a handwritten signature—great for signing documents electronically! To teach the phone what your signature looks like, tap Add or Remove Signature and then +; use your finger to draw your signature. (These signatures sync automatically across your various Apple machines—see page 398
.)
The Magnifier creates a superimposed, round, magnified area on your photo or document, which is useful for calling your viewer’s attention to some small detail. The blue handle adjusts the circle’s size; the green one changes the degree of magnification. (Drag inside the circle to move it.)
The Square, Circle, Speech Bubble, and Arrow tools superimpose these shapes on your photo. To change line thickness and specify whether it’s solid or hollow, tap . Drag blue dots to change size, or green ones to change the shape, angle, or direction of the arrows and speech bubbles.
Throughout your markup adventures, you can tap the Undo button ( ) over and over again to rewind your steps.
Apple Is Obsessed with Data Privacy
It’s a wonderful thing that the company takes such great care with your information. That’s a far cry from Facebook and Google, whose business models are based on selling data about you to advertisers.
Eventually, though, you may get a little sick of iOS’s nagging interruptions, seeking your approval for security-related actions. Are you sure the app you’ve just opened is allowed to use your camera or microphone? Is it OK for a weather app to know your location? Was it really you who just logged into your iCloud.com
account on a different computer?
In the end, though, you may well come to appreciate Apple’s zeal. Most people feel better not being tracked.
In iOS 14, you’ll find more privacy and security features than ever.
What’s New in iOS 14
These days, it’s awfully hard for Apple (or Google) to invent massive, paradigm-changing new features for their phones. Once you’ve added the big-ticket game changers like voice recognition, autocorrect, water resistance, and the ability to locate the phone, how many huge ideas are left?
That’s why iOS 14’s catalog of new features is fairly scattershot. It’s a long list of nips and tucks across the acres of software. That’s not to say that some of these features aren’t welcome, though. Here’s a summary of what’s new:
Widgets. For the first time ever, your home screens can harbor more than just app icons. Now you can install widgets: miniwindows that sit right there among the apps to provide quick glances at current information like weather, stocks, news, photos, and your calendar.
Android phones have had widgets for years—and now, for those who wish them, they’re available on the iPhone, too. Apple starts you off with a choice of 19, but app makers can also offer their own widgets.
In iOS, you can save space by stacking several widgets in the same home-screen space, and then flick through them at will. Page 101
tells all.
App Library. The apps-on-a-home-screen organizational concept may have seemed like a good idea back when the App Store listed only 500 apps. But nowadays, most people’s home screens are a disaster. Sure, you organized the apps on your first or second screens—but after that, you probably let the apps lie wherever they landed when you download them.
Now there’s a new home screen, off to the right of all others, that lists all your apps. You can view them either by category or in a tidy alphabetical list—but the point is that you never have to wonder which home screen holds a certain app.
And now that you have the App Library, you may never again need home screens 3, 4, 5, 6, and so on—so in iOS 14, Apple gives you the option of hiding certain screens completely.
Sleep tools. The iPhone is ready to help you get better sleep. It’s prepared to help you start winding down before bedtime (with a certain playlist or a nice, boring book); keep your lock screen dark and quiet during sleeping hours; and wake you gently after a number of hours of sleep you specify.
FaceTime picture-in-picture. When you’re on a video call and need to root around on your phone to look something up, the call no longer blacks out your screen. Instead, the other person appears in a small inset window that you can move, resize, or temporarily park off the edge of the screen.
Better texting. The Messages app now lets you pin
up to nine of your most frequent correspondents above the list of conversations, so you don’t have to go scrolling through all your chats to resume one of the most important ones.
You now have inline replies, too—you can respond to a particular text message, even an old one. It appears indented under the original message.
You can now choose both a name and a photo to represent a group chat. And Memojis—the cartoon characters that you design to look like you (or your dream alter ego)—are more inclusive. They now offer new ages, headwear styles, face coverings, and hairstyles, including, for the first time, a man bun. How did we live before this?
More compact comms screens. Incoming phone calls, incoming FaceTime calls, and Siri responses now appear as compact banners rather than taking over your full screen.
Camera improvements. The app now lets you shoot pictures with much less recovery time between shots (how does four shots per second sound?). A new exposure control lets you lock in a brightness setting for your whole shooting session. And you can now change video resolution or frame rate right before you shoot, without having to duck back into Settings.
More info in Maps. The app now includes Guides, which are folders full of points of interest in each city, as recommended by the editors of big-name travel guides. You can now ask for navigation instructions for bike riding; you’ll be shown how hilly your route is and warned about the presence of stairs. And if you have an electric car, Maps can automatically incorporate charging stops into your route.
Photo sorting. Now the Photos app lets you view subsets of your photo collection with a couple of taps—only the shots you’ve edited or favorited, for example. You can sort albums by oldest or newest first.
Smarter reminders. Apple’s Reminders to-do app has been getting awfully robust in the past few versions, but now it’s even robustier. For example, you can split up tasks by delegating them wirelessly to other people, who receive notifications of their new burdens. There are new automated reminder suggestions and smarter smart lists.
Translate. This new app (page 367
) works something like the Google Translate website: It offers instant translation between two languages. You can either type out what you want translated or you can speak your piece in English (or whatever your language is). The phone speaks the translation aloud. When your conversation partner replies (in their native tongue), you hear the English rendition.
AirPods switching. If you own AirPods (Apple’s wireless, detached white earbuds), you’ll enjoy this one: As you move from one Apple machine to another (Mac, iPhone, iPad), the AirPods switch automatically, too.
Backtrack menu. The more you use the iPhone, the more you realize how much of navigation consists of drilling down. Open Settings, then tap Accessibility, then tap Zoom, then tap Touch, then tap Zoom Controller, then tap Double-Tap, and suddenly you’re six screens deep.
But now, instead of tapping the back button ( ) over and over again, you can long-press it. A menu lists all the screens you crossed to get here, so you can jump directly to any intermediate point.
This trick is most useful in Settings, of course—but in fact it’s available in all Apple’s apps: Mail, Notes, Safari, Reminders, and so on.
Security cameras. If you have a home security camera that uses Apple’s HomeKit standard, the Home app can now learn to identify faces, so you won’t be alarmed when a family member comes into the picture.
Sign language recognition. When you’re on a group FaceTime call and somebody starts using sign language, the app is smart enough to make that person’s window big enough to see.
Safari upgrades. The iPhone’s web browser is faster than ever. When a foreign-language site pops up, you can translate it in place with one tap.
Above all, though, Apple has put work into security and privacy features. You can now view a privacy report for every website you visit, letting you know just how many scammy cross-site trackers each page has tried to clip onto you (and which Safari has blocked). Safari also alerts you if one of your passwords was involved in a corporate data breach, so you can change it before anything bad happens.
App Clips. Has this happened to you? You’re trying to use an electronic parking meter, or rent a bike or scooter, or order food—and it turns out you need an app for that. And you’re on cellular. And it’s going to take eight minutes, plus creating an account and all that jazz.
Apple has a solution. Software companies can now create App Clips, which are stripped-down parts of apps that download fast and contain only enough code to get you going.
Sound recognition. The phone can now recognize—and notify you about—important sounds in the background, like doorbells, crying babies, running water, or fire alarms. Apple figures this feature will help you if you have trouble hearing.
People Detection. The Magnifier app has a wild new feature, available on the iPhone 12 Pro models: It knows if there are people near you, and exactly how far away they are. Great if you’re sight-impaired and want to know when it’s your time to move forward in line (especially in the time of social distancing).
Back taps. Just the craziest, weirdest, most useful minor feature to come along in years: You can double-tap the back of your phone to trigger some action. You get a long list of choices for what action the tap performs—scrolling, going to the home screen, opening the Control Center, and so on. And you can set up a different action for triple-tapping.
Emoji search. Finally!
Default browser and email apps. You’re no longer forced to use Safari and Mail when you tap links in Twitter, in email, and on web pages.
Voice Memos organization. The app now lets you put your recordings into folders or mark them as favorites. The app can even take a stab at reducing room echo or background noise.
More weather info. The Weather app can now show you the intensity of rain or snow that’s coming in the next hour. It also lets you know if it’ll be much hotter, colder, or rainier tomorrow.
Increased privacy. Apple continues its quest to ensure that no app, ever, can spy on you without your awareness. Now, whenever any app is using your phone’s camera or microphone—even the Camera app or Voice Memos—a tiny LED
dot indicator appears at the top of the screen, just to keep you informed.
Similarly, you no longer have to choose between giving an app access to your precise location (for example, a GPS navigation app) and no location info at all. Now you can give it access to your approximate location, which should be enough for, for example, a weather or air-quality app, or a TV app that needs to know what region of the country you’re in.
To turn this feature on for an app, open Settings→Privacy→Location Services. Tap the app’s name and then turn off Precise Location. Now the app will know where you are only within a few miles, and the phone will update your location only a few times an hour.
With this quick summary, the following pages, and an optimistic attitude, you should have no problem diving into iOS 14—and unlocking your iPhone’s full potential.
PART
ONE
Meet the Machine
CHAPTER 1
The Hardware in Your Hand
CHAPTER 2
Eleven Settings to Change First Thing
CHAPTER 3
Cellular, Wi-Fi, and 5G
CHAPTER 4
Home Screen Extreme Makeover
CHAPTER ONE
The Hardware in Your Hand
The very first iPhone, which Steve Jobs unveiled onstage in 2007, was a Model T by today’s standards. There was so much it was missing! It didn’t have a front camera, or a flash for the back camera. It couldn’t shoot video. It couldn’t cut, copy, or paste. It had no GPS. You couldn’t send pictures as text messages. You couldn’t dial by voice. There was no autocomplete or autocorrect. There was no app store, either—you got 16 apps, and you were happy.
Technology has surged ahead since that day, and yet, incredibly, the essential layout of the iPhone hasn’t changed much at all. It still has a multitouch screen on the front, earpiece at the top, camera on the back, microphone and charging connector at the bottom. The volume buttons and silencer switch are still in the same places on the left edge.
And you still have to recharge the thing pretty much every day.
Whether you’ve got a shiny new (and shiny expensive) iPhone 12 Pro Max, or an iPhone 6s that’s been soldiering on since 2015, the fundamental hardware design is the same.
The tour is now departing; please remain seated at all times.
On, Off, and Asleep
When your iPhone comes from the factory, it’s turned off; Apple didn’t want it to arrive with a dead battery.
You turn it on by pressing the side button for a few seconds. When the logo appears, you can let go. It takes about 15 seconds for the full startup process to bring you to the lock screen, where you’re supposed to enter your password, supply your fingerprint, or use face recognition to unlock your iPhone.
That ecstatic moment of unboxing a new iPhone is one of the few times you’ll ever arouse the iPhone from its fully off state. For the rest of its life, when you’re not actually looking at the iPhone, you aren’t supposed to turn it off. You’re supposed to put it to sleep.
To do that, just give the side button a quick click.
When the iPhone is asleep, the screen goes black and the machine uses very little power. But everything you’ve been doing is still open in the phone’s memory; all your apps are still running. Your music keeps playing, your audiobook keeps reading, your GPS keeps guiding you, your email keeps downloading.
Waking the phone once again doesn’t take much. Just tapping the screen, pressing the home button (on the older models), or even picking up the phone brings the screen to life. (Technically, it brings up the lock screen; see page 34
.)
The lesson here: When you’re finished using the phone for now, don’t shut it down; put it to sleep. It costs you almost no battery power, and the phone will be immediately ready to go next time you need it.
That side button, by the way, has a thousand uses. It’s involved in commanding Siri, taking screenshots, silencing an incoming call, and so on. But for your very first iPhone lesson, it’s enough to understand that you press it to put the phone to sleep—or to wake it up again.
The Left-Side Buttons
On the skinny left edge of the phone, three more buttons await your inspection. At top: the silencer switch.
It’s a little flipper. When you use your fingernail or the pad of your thumb to click it toward the back of the phone, so a little patch of orange appears in the flipper socket, the phone will make no unbidden sounds. You’ll never be embarrassed by the phone ringing, a text-message chime, or some social-media notification. That’s probably what you want in a meeting, in a theater, or in a church. (Flip it forward, toward the screen, when you want to hear the rings, chirps, and chimes again.)
Note, by the way, that the silencer switch doesn’t silence everything. It does not silence the following types of sounds:
Alarms. Even when you’ve got the silencer on, your phone still rings for any alarms you’ve set. Apple figures that if you’ve gone to the trouble of setting an alarm, you really want to hear it. You wouldn’t want to oversleep, now, would you?
Sounds you play. If you request a sound—if you play a video, listen to a podcast, play some music, play back a voicemail, start an audiobook—you’ll hear it, even if you have silenced
the phone. Apple calculates that if you’ve tapped a button, you probably want to hear something.
Below the silencer switch are two other buttons: volume up and volume down. Mostly, of course, you’ll use them to adjust the phone’s speaker volume. But there’s a little more nuance to them than that:
When you’re not on a call, they adjust the volume of sound effects: the phone-ringing sound, alarms, the voice of Siri, and so on.
When a call comes in, press one of these buttons to make the ringing or vibrating stop.
When you’re on a call, these buttons control the speaker or earbud volume.
When you’re playing music or podcasts, they adjust the playback volume. They work even when the screen is off.
When you’re taking a photo or video, you can press one of these volume keys to snap the photo or start/stop the video.
The Screen
If Apple is going to design a computer that’s all screen and no keys, it had better provide one amazing screen. And sure enough: Every year, the iPhone screen gets better, brighter, and higher resolution.
The iPhone 12 Pro Max, for example, is composed of 3,564,384 tiny pixels. If you tried to count them, one pixel per second, it would take you almost six weeks—with no eating, sleeping, or bathroom breaks. (But don’t bother. They’re smaller than the human eye can detect.)
You’re probably aware that it’s a touchscreen; you tap buttons and icons directly on the glass with your finger. In fact, though, it’s a multitouch screen, meaning that it can detect the touch of more than one finger simultaneously. You can zoom into a photo or a map, for example, by spreading two fingers apart on the glass.
Over the years, Apple has worked with Corning Glass, the biggest inventor of industrial glass formulations, to develop glass that’s more resistant to shattering when the phone slips from your hand. Apple says the iPhone 12 family’s screens are four times tougher than previous iPhones’ glass, in part because Corning has introduced tiny particles of ceramic to the liquid goop that it cooks into glass.
Well, any little bit is welcome—but the screen can still break. Be careful out there.
The Cameras
These days more than ever, the name iPhone
seems like an anachronism. According to the latest research, conducted by parents glancing over at their kids on the couch, making phone calls is about the last thing young people do with their smartphones. A more appropriate name for this thing would be iTexter, iSnapchat—or iCamera.
In fact, the iPhone is the most-used camera model on the planet. On Flickr.com
, a photo-hosting site, nine out of the ten most-used cameras are iPhone models.
The modern iPhone may have up to four cameras: one on the front, for taking selfies, and as many as three on the back, depending on your model. A smartphone is too skinny to include a traditional zooming lens, so Apple has equipped some models with two or three non-zooming lenses, one apiece at different levels of zoom.
Also crammed into the back camera panel:
A very bright flash, which you’ll probably use mostly as a flashlight.
A tiny microphone, which lets the iPhone record sound when you’re shooting video, and also provides noise cancellation when you’re making a phone call.
On the iPhone 12 Pro models,a lidar sensor. Lidar (for light detection and ranging) blasts out a spray of infrared-light dots and measures the reflections, detecting the precise distance of each one. Add together enough of these distance measurements, and you’ve got a camera that can build a mesh—a 3D contour map—of things in front of it. In that way, the lidar sensor works like the Face ID camera on the front of the phone (page 37
)—but the lidar has a much longer range, about 16 feet.
In the non-phone world, lidar helps keep self-driving cars, robots, and drones from crashing. On the iPhone 12 Pro, lidar helps the camera focus faster in low light, allows the Measure app to gauge people’s height (page 351
), and makes Portrait mode photos (page 171
) possible in light that would ordinarily be too dim.
The sensor is also a blessing to augmented-reality apps, which turn the phone into a viewer for the world around you—and superimpose graphics on it. As you move the phone, the simulated objects’ perspective and sizes change exactly as though they were really in front of you.
AR lets you preview a piece of furniture in the actual room where you’re considering putting it, or visualize a different wallpaper in your house, or just measure things without a tape measure. And, of course, AR opens up a new world of games, in which characters, vehicles, and weapons seem to live in the real world with you.
As these apps are updated to take advantage of the iPhone’s lidar, they’ll need less time to scan the room before showing the results, and they’ll be better at handling occlusions (where one object is in front of another).
The Home Button (Maybe)
Apple has been quite clear on one design point: The home button is going away. The oldest models capable of running iOS 14 still have a home button: the iPhone 6s, 7, and 8 families, as well as the iPhone SE (2016 and 2020).
All newer models feature a screen that extends from the top to the bottom of the phone, paving right over the