Marvelous English Grammar: 180 English Grammatical Mistakes
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About this ebook
During his continuing research in English in 1999, Prof. Virdi pointed out nineteen mistakes in the seventh edition of a worldwide selling English grammar book to its eminent author, a Professor of a US university who was astonished at Mr Virdis efforts and appreciated highly his delving so deep into English. The author still has all the proofs of the book, mistakes and communication. Never has so much dedicated and high level research been made before by any author to help passionate English learners understand the subtle nuances of English grammar. This book is the result of authors eighteen-year research and has been read by hundreds of students so far whose amazing positive feedback has prompted the author to announce the reward of $10,000 pretty confidently for person who finds and proves any other English grammar book better than this.
Crazy, isnt it!
The author claims, after going through this book and realizing authors endeavor, readers will be compelled to feel East or West, Prof. Avtar S virdi is the best.
Just try this!
For any sort of feedback, please call the author
@ 1-604-725-3340 or email:[email protected]
Prof. Avtar S. Virdi
Thousands of new immigrants from non-English speaking countries are moving to North America almost every week. After reaching here, they face several problems due to lack of knowledge of English. This book has been prepared for those people who want to learn English properly and assimilate into North American culture and society. This book has been written to help new comers in many ways. This book first teaches the readers the basic grammar in a very simple and interesting way. A new chart for learning simple tenses is the research of Prof. Avtar S Virdi, the author of this book, which has made English pretty easy for learners and thousands of learners attest that this chart had been a big help for them. There are several hundreds of question-answers for preparing for various interviews and personality development. Besides this, readers can learn how to tell their daily routines, give road-directions to someone and communicate with doctors, nurses, and tradesmen. There are five IELTS speaking modules explained for IELTS students. Those who want to prepare for Canadian or the U.S. citizenship tests can get great help from this book. That’s why this is book is very rightly titled “Marvelous English Multi-purpose Guide”. Prof. Virdi who is the director of GTP Marvelous College, Surrey, BC, Canada, has also written “Marvelous English Grammar” and “Marvelous English Essays”, and he claims if any one shows and proves any books better and helpful than his books he would award him or her $ 10,000. What a confidence! Wouldn’t you try to accept his challenge and read his books? Either you learn great things or you can win this grand award. You will be in win-win situation. For any feedback, you can contact the author at 1-604-727-3340 or email at [email protected]
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Marvelous English Grammar - Prof. Avtar S. Virdi
Copyright © 2013 by Prof. Avtar S. Virdi.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner.
Rev. date: 07/18/2013
To order additional copies of this book, contact:
Xlibris Corporation
1-888-795-4274
www.Xlibris.com
137133
Index
Acknowledgement
Section One
Chapter 1 (spelling, numbers)
Chapter 2 (letters, words, spellings, sentences)
Chapter 3 (noun)
Chapter 4 (pronouns)
Chapter 5 (verbs)
Chapter 6 (adjectives)
Chapter 7 (adverbs)
Chapter 8 (the prepositions)
Chapter 9 (simple tenses (a new concept)
Chapter 10 (simple-what …)
Chapter 11 (past indefinite)
Chapter 12 (present indefinite)
Chapter 13 (future tenses)
Chapter 14 (perfect continuous tenses)
Chapter 15 (compulsions in the past)
Chapter 16 (special use of ‘keep’ in the past, present and future)
Chapter 17 (what, which …)
Chapter 18 (active voices & passive voices)
Section Two
How to Learn these Grammar Rules
Rule 1 - Subject pronouns as subjects
Rule 2 - Subject pronouns in the complement position
Rule 3 - Object Pronouns
Rule 4 - Object pronouns after prepositions
Rule 5 - Reflexive, Emphatic or Intensive pronouns.
Rule 6 - Possessive pronouns before actions
Rule 7 - Possessive pronouns before parts of body.
Rule 8 - Infinitives and gerunds as subjects
Rule 9 - Count nouns
Rule 10 - Non-count nouns
Rule 11 - Nouns with both count and non-count meanings
Rule 12 - Count and non-count nouns with similar meanings
Rule 13 - some troublesome non-count nouns
Rule 14 - singular and plural expressions of non count nouns
Rule 15 - There and Here
Rule 16 - Missing auxiliary verbs
Rule 17 - Tag questions - be and other verbs
Rule 18 - Modals
Rule 19 - Modals - expressing the past
Rule 20 - Tag questions - modals and modal related forms
Rule 21 - Tag questions - Ambiguous abbreviations
Rule 22 - Tag questions (compulsions/plannings)
Rule 23 - Tag questions
Rule 24 - What, Which, When, Where, Why, Who, Whose, Whom, How.
Rule 25 - raise and rise
Rule 26 - lay and lie
Rule 27 - fall and fell
Rule 28 - Borrow and lend
Rule 29 - leave and let
Rule 30 - subjects -ing
form
Rule 31 - Determiners - a and an
Rule 32 - Determiners - a and an
Rule 33 - Non-count nouns with qualifying phrases - the
Rule 34 - Ø means All
Rule 35 - no
means not any
Rule 36 - One of the and Some of the
Rule 37 - A large (small) number of and A large (small) amount of
Rule 38 - few and little
Rule 39 - A few and few and A little and little
Rule 40 - only a few and only a little
Rule 41 - many and much
Rule 42 - Almost all of the, Almost all, Most of the, Most
Rule 43 - Emphasis - very/so
Rule 44 - Excess - so… . that
Rule 45 - Planned result - so
or so that
Rule 46 - Excess - too
Rule 47 - Places - at, in, on
Rule 48 - Time - at, on, in
Rule 49 - On the side of - beside
Rule 50 - Addition - besides
Rule 51 - Cause - from
Rule 52 - Near - by
Rule 53 - Agent - by
Rule 54 - Not later than - by
Rule 55 - Degree/amount - by
Rule 56 - (Used before some nouns without the) - by
Rule 57 - Means - by
Rule 58 - Purpose - for/to
Rule 59 - In support/reason of sb*/sth* - for
Rule 60 - Duration and Point of time - for and since
Rule 61 - Infinitives (group 1) - purpose/result
Rule 62 - Gerunds (group 2) - intention/event
Rule 63 - Infinitive/Gerunds (group 3)
Rule 64 - A special Rule of the past tense
Rule 65 - A special Rule of the future tense
Rule 66 - A probable guess in the present - will be
Rule 67 - A probable guess in the present - will have
Rule 68 - Past repeated actions - used to
Rule 69 - habits - be used to
Rule 70 - Knowledge and Ability - know and know how to
Rule 71 - Negative imperatives - polite requests
Rule 72 - Necessity for repair/improvement-need
Rule 73 - Belief and knowledge - anticipatory it
Rule 74 - not any more - no longer
Rule 75 - sometime and sometimes
Rule 76 - Unfulfilled desires - had hoped
Rule 77 - Relative pronouns referring to persons and things.
Rule 78 - Relative pronouns which refer to persons.
Rule 79 - Conditional results for the future
Rule 80 - Conditional results for the future with past verbs
Rule 81 - Conditional possibilities for the past
Rule 82 - Duration - have/has + past participle
Rule 83 - Past perfect passive activity - have/has + been + past participle
Rule 84 - A conditional action - unless
Rule 85 - up to a point or event - until
Rule 86 - Reflexive pronouns
Rule 87 - Reciprocal pronouns
Rule 88 - That clause
Rule 89 - Exact similarity - the same as and the same
Rule 90 - General similarity - similar to and similar
Rule 91 - General similarity - like and alike
Rule 92 - General difference - to differ from
Rule 93 - General difference - different from and different
Rule 94 - more than and less than
Rule 95 - Cardinal numbers
Rule 96 - Ordinal numbers
Rule 97 - Important days and their dates
Rule 98 - Hyphenated adjectives
Rule 99 - Logical conclusions - events in the past
Rule 100 - Logical conclusions - events in the present
Rule 101 - Logical conclusions - events that repeat
Rule 102 - The strongest Causative - make
Rule 103 - Moderate causative - get
Rule 104 - The least strong causative - have/has
Rule 105 - Permission - let
Rule 106 - Help
Rule 107 - Wish - For a different past.
Rule 108 - Wish - for the present and the future.
Rule 109 - Wish - something to happen repeatedly
Rule 110 - Wish - Contrary to facts or something impossible
Rule 111 - Wishful results for conditions contrary to facts
Rule 112 - Cause - such and so (for singulars)
Rule 113 - Cause - such and so (for plurals)
Rule 114 - Comparative estimate - as many as
Rule 115 - Comparative estimate - as much as
Rule 116 - Advice - had better (should/must)
Rule 117 - Preference for self - would rather
Rule 118 - Preference for others - would rather that
Rule 119 - Time - to take some action
Rule 120 - Indirect questions - What, Which, When, Where, Why, Who, Whose, Whom, How, How long, How many, How much.
Rule 121 - -ever
Rule 122 - -while
Rule 123 - Pseudo comparatives
Rule 124 - but and except
Rule 125 - Replacement - Instead and Instead of
Rule 126 - in spite of and despite
Rule 127 - because of and because
Rule 128 - nouns functioning as adjective
Rule 129 - Conjunctions - not… but
Rule 130 - Conjunctions - not only… but also
Rule 131 - Conjunctions - both… and
Rule 132 - Conjunctions - as well as
Rule 133 - Negative emphasis
Rule 134 - As a whole and wholly
Rule 135 - Sufficiency - enough with nouns
Rule 136 - Sufficiency - enough with adjectives
Rule 137 - Adjectives with verbs of senses
Rule 138 - comparing two things by quality nouns
Rule 139 - comparing two things by quality adjectives
Rule 140 - Degrees of comparison - irregular adjectives
Rule 141 - Degrees of comparison - regular adjectives.
Rule 142 - Degrees of comparison - superlative adjectives
Rule 143 - Degrees of comparison - comparative adverbs.
Rule 144 - Degrees of comparison - superlative adverbs
Rule 145 - Double comparatives
Rule 146 - Illogical comparatives - similarity and difference
Rule 147 - subjunctive verbs - some wishful verbs
Rule 148 - nouns derived from subjunctive (wishful) verbs
Rule 149 - Importance - Impersonal expressions
Rule 150 - Consecutive orders - One, another, the other
Rule 151 - Consecutive orders - some, other, the other some, others, the others(the rest)
Rule 152 - Adverbs of manner
Rule 153 - special adverbs - fast, late, hard and opposite
Rule 154 - Affirmative agreement - so and too
Rule 155 - Negative agreement - neither and either
Rule 156 - Agreement - verb-subject order
Rule 157 - Agreement - subject with companions and verb
Rule 158 - Agreement - subject with appositive and verb
Rule 159 - Agreement - modified subject and verb
Rule 160 - Agreement - an indefinite singular subject and verb
Rule 161 - Agreement - an indefinite subject and verb
Rule 162 - Agreement - a collective subject and verb
Rule 163 - Agreement - activities of the past
Rule 164 - one/one’s - impersonal pronouns
Rule 165 - dangling modifiers
Rule 166 - parallel structure - series
Rule 167 - misrepresentation (By correlative conjunctions)
Rule 168 - Redundancy - unnecessary phrases
Rule 169 - Redundancy - repetition of similar words
Rule 170 - Redundancy - repetition of a noun by a pronoun.
Rule 171 - Agreement - noun and pronoun
Rule 172 - Agreement - subject and possessive pronoun
Rule 173 - Agreement - Indefinite subject pronouns and possessive pronoun
Rule 174 - Agreement - tenses
Rule 175 - Agreement - indirect reported speech
Rule 176- Agreement - verbs and adverbs
Rule 177 - DOs and MAKEs
Rule 178 - verb phrases that need -ing form in the complement.
Rule 179 - parts of speech and their derivatives.
Rule 180 - prepositional idioms & phrasal preposition
Section Three
Brain Teasers
Some Commonly Used Three Forms Of Verbs
Brain-teaser answers
Vocabulary
This book is dedicated to my beloved family:
Late Mrs. Nasib Kaur Virdi (my mom)
Mr. Kehar singh Virdi (my dad)
Mrs. Ranjit Kaur Virdi (my wife)
Andy and Noris (my sons)
This is a very special book which will cater to the needs of a gigantic section of learners around the world who want to excel in English grammar. Readers will find this book as a golden treasure; very handy, simple and clear because this has been written in a completely new, simple and the most appropriate way to help the learnes. This book is the work of my nineteen year research and teaches readers the highest level of grammar. Despite several proof-readings of published material, some spelling and grammatical errors creep in. Such errors are called devil’s errors. Therefore, the best efforts are being made at our end to give you the best of the best available in the world with every new edition. Your feedback will be highly appreciated. This is absolute original work and copy-right of the author.
Prof. Avtar S. Virdi (Author) ph.1-604-725-3340
www.EnglishIsVeryEasy.com email:[email protected]
Acknowledgement
Quotations have enormous power hidden in them. But some quotations are wisdom bombs. Once they explode on someone’s mind, they provoke one’s thoughts. There are some sayings and quotations which inspired me so much that they transformed my attitude and life completely positive forever. I became rock confident to take up any sort of challenge in my life.
Some of the quotations I love are:
1. Work like a labourer and live like a king.
2. They can who think they can.
3. Small minds discuss people, medium minds discuss events, and great minds discuss ideas.
4. One man with courage is majority.
5. He, who dreams the most, does the most. But keep working while you dream.
6. Failure means not to give up, but try harder.
7. We don’t plan to fail, but we fail to plan.
8. Your each expression leaves an impression.
9. Hold fast to your dreams, for if dreams die Life is a broken winged bird that cannot fly.
10. No matter how great your words may be, you will be judged by your actions.
Sometimes we say that he/she is well-educated and well-read. Being well-educated means one has several degrees or diplomas, but a well-read person is who has read and learnt a great deal of stuff and has a wide knowledge of almost all fields. For taking exams such as IELTS, TOEFL, LPI, or any challenge English exam, one must be well-educated and well-read. This book has been compiled after my nineteen-year long, deep and consistent research in English grammar, and is going to cater to the needs of all learners who want to become proficient in English from academic point of view. Though this first edition has not been endorsed by any recognised institute, this has recommendation from hundreds of educators and learners. We are sure this book will bring in a revolution in the field of learning English, and soon most esteemed institutions will endorse this golden treasure. This book is also available online on our website www.englishisveryeasy.com. Please don’t hesitate to send your valuable feedback to us at [email protected] or 1-604-725-3340.
This book is available at Xlibris bookstore online.
Wishing you all the best and great success
Prof. Avtar S. Virdi
Author
Director: GTP Marvellous college, Surrey, BC, Canada
Director: GTP North America publishing house, Surrey, BC, Canada.
Some standard notations in this book
P=Positive, N=Negative, NI=Negative interrogative,
PI=positive interrogative, BrE = British English,
NAmE = North American English, Sb=Subject, Obj=object
SECTION ONE
Chapter 1
There are two systems of English spelling: British and American.
Some examples are given below.
Chapter 2
Letters, Words, Spellings, Sentences
English alphabets are of two types - Capital and small alphabets
Capital alphabets - A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Small alphabets - a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
Each alphabet is also called a letter.
Word: A group of letters (two or more) is called a word.
Spelling: Organising letters in a particular way to mean something is called spelling.
The sentence: A group of words that makes complete sense is called a sentence.
For example: 1. We go to work. 2. I paid the bill.
Kinds of sentences
Sentences are of four kinds:-
1 ) Those which express orders, commands, requests or instructions are called imperative sentences.
Example: 1) Keep quiet. 2) Speak the truth.
2