A Simple Guide to Hypovolemia, Diagnosis, Treatment and Related Conditions
By Kenneth Kee
()
About this ebook
This book describes Hypovolemia, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases
Hypovolemia is an important disorder which can cause hypotension and hypovolemic shock.
I thought I had written a book about this important condition before.
Apparently I was wrong so I am writing about this condition now.
Hypovolemia indicates a state of low extra-cellular fluid volume in the body, normally due to combined sodium and water loss.
‘Hypo-’ indicates ‘less’.
‘Vol-’ indicates volume while ‘emia-’ indicates blood
Hypovolemia is a reduced volume of blood in the body.
When the hypovolemia is not treated, insufficient blood reaches the vital organs.
These organs may stop functioning and hypovolemic shock happens.
When the body is sufficiently hydrated and there is enough relative fluid volume to fill the circulatory space present, the body systems normally function properly.
When the circulatory space is larger relative to the fluid available, this state is termed hypovolemia.
The lack of volume has an effect on the ability of the body to perfuse the tissues with blood, oxygen, and nutrients.
Inadequate blood perfusion to the organs is termed hypovolemic shock.
It may develop from blood loss or loss of body fluids such as water and salt.
The blood that flows in the arteries, veins and capillaries is liquid.
If the cellular parts of blood (Rbc, Wbc and platelets) are removed, what remains is termed plasma, the straw-colored liquid part of blood.
It is the largest part of blood, making up 55%, comprising 92% water, 7% proteins and 1% mineral salts, sugars, fats, hormones and vitamins.
Hypovolemia is the loss of this plasma.
If the hypovolemia is due to loss of plasma from the blood vessels to outside of the body, it is termed as absolute hypovolemia.
If it is due to causes other than the fluid loss, it is termed relative hypovolemia.
Hypovolemic shock is a medical emergency state where excessive fluid and blood loss happens and induces the heart to pump the blood essential to the body.
This shock can even induce body organs to stop working.
Hypovolemia is the loss of bodily fluid or blood from:
Injury: external cut, burn or wound
Illness: persistent vomiting and diarrhea.
Internal bleeding: blood loss within the body
Dehydration or malnutrition: lack of water and salt intake.
Excessive sweating: Strenuous activities cause sweating for a long time
Frequent symptoms of hypovolemia are:
Fatigue
Dizziness
Thirst
Pale clammy skin
Weakness
Leg cramps
Dry mucous membranes
Rapid breathing
Rapid heart rate
Low blood pressure
Loss of skin elasticity
Reduced urine output
Hypovolemia needs prompt treatment to avoid permanent organ injury and death.
Intravenous fluid resuscitation is the most often treatment for patients in the acute setting.
The purpose of treatment for hypovolemia is to raise the quantity of fluid volume in the body through fluid resuscitation.
Depending on what type of fluid the body needs, the fluid replacement could involve:
Blood transfusion: Blood from a donor replaces lost blood in the body
Crystalloid solution: Tiny molecules of dissolved saline, dextrose or a combination of sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium and lactate
Colloids: Large molecules of protein
Besides fluid replacement, the doctor will treat the cause of the hypovolemia which may be:
Treating an infection or illness
Healing a wound
Providing missing nutrients such as sodium or electrolytes
The prognosis is good if treated early
TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 Hypovolemia
Chapter 2 Causes
Chapter 3 Symptoms
Chapter 4 Diagnosis
Chapter 5 Treatment
Chapter 6 Prognosis
Chapter 7 Capillary Leak Syndrome
Chapter 8 Shock
Epilogue
Kenneth Kee
Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"
Read more from Kenneth Kee
Iodine Deficiency, A Simple Guide to the Condition, Treatment and Related Diseases Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Avoidant Personality Disorder, A Simple Guide To The Disorder, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsA Simple Guide to Skin Fungal Infections, (Updated 2023) Diagnosis, Treatment and Related Conditions Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Intestinal Parasitic Diseases, A Simple Guide to These Conditions Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5A Simple Guide to The Pineal Gland (The Third Eye) And Its Function Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5A Simple Guide to Psychosis, Diagnosis, Treatment and Related Conditions Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsCongestive Heart Failure, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Hyper-Pigmentation Of The Skin A Simple Guide To The Condition, Treatment, And Related Conditions Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Peripheral Neuropathy, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Oppositional Defiant Disorder, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Delusion Disorder, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsCase Notes From A Family Doctor Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Shoulder Disorders, A Simple Guide To The condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Improvised Treatment Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Hernia, (Different Types) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Liver Cirrhosis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Treatment And Related Diseases Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsA Simple Guide to Anemia, Treatment and Related Diseases Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5A Simple Guide to Oxygen Therapy, Diagnosis, Treatment and Related Conditions Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsVitamin B12 Deficiency, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Treatment And Related Diseases Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Sulfur Deficiency, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Treatment And Related Conditions Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5Spinal Stenosis And Pinched Nerve A Simple Guide to These conditions Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Lymphedema (Lymph Obstruction), A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsVitamin B1 Deficiency, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Treatment And Related Conditions Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5A Simple Guide to Pelvic Floor Dysfunction, Diagnosis, Treatment and Related Conditions Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsAnkylosing Spondylitis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsAutism Spectrum Disorder (Updated), A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsDependent Personality Disorder, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsElectrolyte Imbalance, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions Rating: 1 out of 5 stars1/5Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5
Related to A Simple Guide to Hypovolemia, Diagnosis, Treatment and Related Conditions
Related ebooks
A Simple Guide to Circulatory Shock, Diagnosis, Treatment and Related Conditions Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsA Simple Guide to Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm, Diagnosis, Treatment and Related Conditions Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsRespiratory Acidosis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsHeart Valve Diseases, A Simple Guide to These Conditions Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsGastrointestinal Bleeding, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsEctopic Heartbeats, (Extrasystoles) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsEbstein Anomaly, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsCyanosis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Cardiac Arrest, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsMitral Valve Prolapse, A Simple Guide to The Condition, Treatment And Related Conditions Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsPancytopenia, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsAcute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsMitral Valve Regurgitation, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Treatment And Related Conditions Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsHepatic Encephalopathy, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Congenital Heart Diseases, A Simple Guide to these Medical Conditions Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsPulmonary Hypertension, A Simple Guide to the Condition, Treatment and Related Diseases Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsMyocarditis, (Inflamed Heart Muscles) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsA Simple Guide to Aortic Dissection, Diagnosis, Treatment and Related Conditions Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsTransient Ischemic Attack, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsHeart Failure in Pediatric Patients Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsPractical Statistics for Nursing and Health Care Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsICU Scoring Systems A Complete Guide - 2020 Edition Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsVentricular Septal Defect, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Treatment And Related Conditions Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsPreoperative Assessment: A Case-Based Approach Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsHandbook of Critical and Intensive Care Medicine Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsCardiac Tamponade, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsRapid Emergency and Unscheduled Care Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsOptimal Life: Essentials of Asthma Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsAbnormal Slow Heart Beats, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsTorsade De Pointes, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratings
Medical For You
The Lost Book of Simple Herbal Remedies: Discover over 100 herbal Medicine for all kinds of Ailment, Inspired By Dr. Barbara O'Neill Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsWhat Happened to You?: Conversations on Trauma, Resilience, and Healing Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Vagina Bible: The Vulva and the Vagina: Separating the Myth from the Medicine Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Mating in Captivity: Unlocking Erotic Intelligence Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Gut: The Inside Story of Our Body's Most Underrated Organ (Revised Edition) Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Adult ADHD: How to Succeed as a Hunter in a Farmer's World Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Brain on Fire: My Month of Madness Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Mediterranean Diet Meal Prep Cookbook: Easy And Healthy Recipes You Can Meal Prep For The Week Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5The White Coat Investor: A Doctor's Guide to Personal Finance and Investing Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Grieving Brain: The Surprising Science of How We Learn from Love and Loss Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Women With Attention Deficit Disorder: Embrace Your Differences and Transform Your Life Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Living Daily With Adult ADD or ADHD: 365 Tips o the Day Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5This Is How Your Marriage Ends: A Hopeful Approach to Saving Relationships Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/552 Prepper Projects: A Project a Week to Help You Prepare for the Unpredictable Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5The Diabetes Code: Prevent and Reverse Type 2 Diabetes Naturally Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Herbal Healing for Women Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The 40 Day Dopamine Fast Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Peptide Protocols: Volume One Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5"Cause Unknown": The Epidemic of Sudden Deaths in 2021 & 2022 Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Holistic Herbal: A Safe and Practical Guide to Making and Using Herbal Remedies Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Blitzed: Drugs in the Third Reich Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Extra Focus: The Quick Start Guide to Adult ADHD Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5ATOMIC HABITS:: How to Disagree With Your Brain so You Can Break Bad Habits and End Negative Thinking Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5
Reviews for A Simple Guide to Hypovolemia, Diagnosis, Treatment and Related Conditions
0 ratings0 reviews
Book preview
A Simple Guide to Hypovolemia, Diagnosis, Treatment and Related Conditions - Kenneth Kee
A
Simple
Guide
To
Hypovolemia,
Diagnosis,
Treatment
And
Related Conditions
By
Dr Kenneth Kee
M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)
Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)
Copyright Kenneth Kee 2022 Smashwords Edition
Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com
Dedication
This book is dedicated
To my wife Dorothy
And my children
Carolyn, Grace
And Kelvin
This book describes Hypovolemia, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.
(What You Need to Treat Hypovolemia)
This e-Book is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.
If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.
Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.
Introduction
I have been writing medical articles for my blog: http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.
My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.
Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).
I then wrote an autobiography account of my journey as a medical student to family doctor on my other blog: http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.
This autobiography account A Family Doctor’s Tale
was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders
into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale
on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.
From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 eBooks.
Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.
For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.
The later books go into more details of medical disorders.
The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.
Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.
As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.
My diagnosis and treatment capability has improved tremendously from my continued education.
Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.
I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.
I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.
I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.
Chapter 1
Hypovolemia
What is Hypovolemia?
Hypovolemia is a disorder where the blood volume is lower than normal.
There is a decrease of 15% (750 mL) blood plasma volume or more before symptoms appear.
Hypovolemia indicates the loss of extra-cellular fluid and is not to be confused with dehydration (which happens when the body loses more fluid than it takes in).
It may develop from blood loss or loss of body fluids such as water and salt.
It is the blood volume contraction’s intravascular component or blood volume depletion due to hemorrhage and dehydration.
Pathophysiology
The blood that flows in the arteries, veins and capillaries is liquid.
In this blood there are many cells and proteins that float in the liquid.
If the cellular components of blood (Rbc, Wbc and platelets) are removed, what remains is termed plasma, the straw-colored liquid part of blood.
It is the largest single component of blood, making up roughly 55%, comprising 92% water, 7% proteins and 1% mineral salts, sugars, fats, hormones, and vitamins.
Hypovolemia is the loss of this