Agricultural Trade in the Global South: An Overview of Trends in Performance, Vulnerabilities, and Policy Frameworks
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About this ebook
South-South Cooperation (SSC) is increasingly recognized as an effective instrument for catalyzing economic development by fostering the exchange of innovation and good practices, and expanding market opportunities across countries with a similar level of development and shared development objectives, such as those reflected in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Key to this economic cooperation are trade and investment relationships among South countries. The importance of South countries in global agrifood markets and trade has been increasing over the last two decades, with growth in their participation, as both exporters and importers, having outpaced that of North countries. Agricultural productivity growth has fueled expansion in the production of some products, while population growth and urbanization, rapid economic growth and increasing per capita incomes have contributed to growing demand for diverse food products.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
An intergovernmental organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has 194 Member Nations, two associate members and one member organization, the European Union. Its employees come from various cultural backgrounds and are experts in the multiple fields of activity FAO engages in. FAO’s staff capacity allows it to support improved governance inter alia, generate, develop and adapt existing tools and guidelines and provide targeted governance support as a resource to country and regional level FAO offices. Headquartered in Rome, Italy, FAO is present in over 130 countries.Founded in 1945, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) leads international efforts to defeat hunger. Serving both developed and developing countries, FAO provides a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and debate policy. The Organization publishes authoritative publications on agriculture, fisheries, forestry and nutrition.
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Agricultural Trade in the Global South - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
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FAO. 2022. Agricultural trade in the Global South – An overview of trends in performance, vulnerabilities, and policy frameworks. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb9120en
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ISBN 978-92-5-135934-1
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Contents
Acknowledgements
Acronyms and abbreviations
Executive summary
1. Introduction
2. Overview of agricultural trade in South countries
2.1 Overall agricultural trade performance
2.2 Trade patterns across commodities
2.3 Agricultural trade patterns across South countries
2.4 South-South trade
3. Dependence on agricultural trade in South countries
3.1 Dependence on agricultural exports
3.2 Dependence on agricultural imports
4. Participation of South countries in the multilateral trading system
4.1 The multilateral trading system
4.1.1 Bound and Applied Tariffs: a comparison between South and North countries
4.2 The state of play at the WTO
4.2.1 Trade negotiations
4.2.2 Transparency
4.2.3 Dispute settlement
5. Participation in regional trade agreements
5.1 Regional trade agreements
5.1.1 Countries’ participation in RTAs
5.1.2 Mega RTAs
5.2 Opportunities and challenges
5.2.1 The spaghetti bowl: when too many RTAs apply at the same time
6. Conclusions
References
Annex A. Methodological note
Figures
Figure 1. Trends in agricultural exports and imports of South and North countries (constant prices, 2010 values).
Figure 2. Relative trade balance (%) of South and North countries, agriculture,