In this episode of Syntax, Scott and Wes talk about the basics of building a website — how to get started for beginners! Freshbooks - Sponsor Get a 30 day free trial of Freshbooks at freshbooks.com/syntax and put SYNTAX in the “How did you hear about us?” section. Sentry - Sponsor If you want to know what’s happening with your code, track errors and monitor performance with Sentry. Sentry’s Application Monitoring platform helps developers see performance issues, fix errors faster, and optimize their code health. Cut your time on error resolution from hours to minutes. It works with any language and integrates with dozens of other services. Syntax listeners new to Sentry can get two months for free by visiting Sentry.io and using the coupon code TASTYTREAT during sign up. Mux - Sponsor Mux Video is an API-first platform that makes it easy for any developer to build beautiful video. Powered by data and designed by video experts, your video will work perfectly on every device, every time. Mux Video handles storage, encoding, and delivery so you can focus on building your product. Live streaming is just as easy and Mux will scale with you as you grow, whether you’re serving a few dozen streams or a few million. Visit mux.com/syntax. Show Notes 04:20 - HTML HTML is the language you write to get text and elements to show up on the screen Elements can describe the content they contain p img Or be structural and describe the areas of the website div h header, footer Listen to our ep on HTML elements to learn more about them: Syntax 354: The Surprisingly Exciting World of HTML Elements HTML elements have default styling applied to them before you write any CSS This comes from the browser and can be manipulated However, by default all elements are either block or inline-display 08:11 - CSS If HTML is the bones, CSS is the clothes and skin CSS dictates how a website looks Without CSS, you have text on a blank page and images CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets (“cascading” being the key word) Adding CSS to a page Link tag Style tag Inline styles Selectors You can select an element on the page via element, class, id, attribute Syntax is selector, brackets, property, value Property A property is what you are changing (e.g. background-color) Value determines how the thing looks background: red; Specificity Specificity is a big part of the cascade. When you apply one style to something, you need to learn how to target things appropriately. This is a huge part of being good at CSS. People develop systems like BEM to organize this General rules - Use elements for base styling and classes for specific styling. Don’t use IDs for styling. !important exists to override everything, but as a general rule, NEVER use it. Seriously. Some interaction Most interaction is done in JavaScript, but CSS has some basics hover, active, focus Pseudo selectors You’ll often see people reaching for libraries to make CSS easier and more consistent Common examples are Bootstrap, Foundation, and TailwindCSS For the most part you’ll want to avoid these until you have a good understanding of the cascade, how CSS works, and how to write good CSS. In addition to properties, you can now write your own custom properties for CSS. While this could be seen as an advanced technique, I believe the new normal is CSS variables first. CSS variables are indicated by —variableName: value; where variable name takes the place of a property. You can then use the variable via var(—variableName) in place of a property. This allows for easy duplication of same values across your style sheet. 37:08 - JavaScript JavaScript is used to add interaction to a website It makes your website dynamic JavaScript the Language We have a base programming language that has nothing to do with HTML It has things like: Variables - ways to store things Numbers + Math Data Containers - Objects and Arrays