query

When spatio-temporal query is processed, R-tree routing is applied for retrieval up to a certain index level which would be derived by the performance evaluation for IR-tree.

Based on itinerary, IR-tree performs routing for an interested region to process a query at the time when a query is given rather than setting up a routing path in advance for entire network regions.

The malicious node tries to disrupt the query provision node by denying the worldwide top-k query result for long period with being detected this is called as denial of service attack.

In the query process to keep up accuracy of the top-k query score and notice the attacks, the replay information item contains results and additionally includes the path data using which the query provision node will confirm the replay path and assure that results are from authentic nodes.

If a node x sends a range query command r, if r and y node management area intersect.

In Figure 4, assuming that node h sends a query R (shaded parts).