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How can you communicate effectively with visually impaired patients?

Communicating effectively with visually impaired patients is an essential skill for nurses, as it can enhance patient satisfaction, safety, and quality of care. However, it can also pose some challenges, such as ensuring that the patient understands the information, instructions, and feedback that you provide, as well as respecting their autonomy and preferences. In this article, you will learn some practical tips and strategies to communicate effectively with visually impaired patients, based on active listening and self-care principles.

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1 Identify the level of vision loss

The first step to communicate effectively with visually impaired patients is to identify the level and type of vision loss that they have, as this can affect their communication needs and abilities. For example, some patients may have partial vision, color blindness, or light sensitivity, while others may have no vision at all. You can ask the patient about their vision loss, or check their medical records or referral notes, to get a better idea of how to adapt your communication style and methods. You can also ask the patient how they prefer to be addressed, such as by name, voice, or touch.

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Lakeisha N. Falwell, MS, NP, RN, AOCNP®

Trusted Nursing Expert | Valued Legal Nurse | Assisting Attorneys Nationwide By Reviewing Medical-Related Cases From an Experienced Healthcare Perspective | Nurse Practitioner | Registered Nurse
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Visual impairment varies from person to person and it is important to first identify the level of visual impairment someone has. This will help to better understand interventions or ways in which communicating that may work for both parties.

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2 Use verbal and non-verbal cues

The second step to communicate effectively with visually impaired patients is to use verbal and non-verbal cues to convey your message and emotions clearly and respectfully. For example, you can use your voice tone, volume, and pace to indicate your mood, attitude, and intention, as well as to emphasize important points or instructions. You can also use non-verbal cues, such as touching the patient's arm or shoulder gently to get their attention, nodding or shaking your head to confirm or deny something, or smiling or frowning to express your feelings. However, you should always ask for the patient's consent before touching them, and avoid gestures or facial expressions that may be ambiguous or misleading.

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3 Provide clear and concise information

The third step to communicate effectively with visually impaired patients is to provide clear and concise information that is relevant, accurate, and easy to understand. For example, you can use simple and familiar words, avoid jargon or acronyms, and explain any technical terms or concepts that you use. You can also use examples, analogies, or metaphors to illustrate your points, and repeat or summarize the key information or instructions. You should also check for the patient's understanding and comprehension, by asking open-ended questions, requesting feedback, or asking them to repeat or demonstrate what you have said or shown.

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4 Involve the patient in decision making

The fourth step to communicate effectively with visually impaired patients is to involve them in decision making and care planning, as this can empower them, respect their autonomy, and foster trust and rapport. For example, you can ask for their opinions, preferences, and goals, and offer them options and alternatives that suit their needs and wishes. You can also inform them of the benefits and risks of each option, and support them in weighing the pros and cons. You should also respect their choices and rights, and avoid imposing your own views or values on them.

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Lakeisha N. Falwell, MS, NP, RN, AOCNP®

Trusted Nursing Expert | Valued Legal Nurse | Assisting Attorneys Nationwide By Reviewing Medical-Related Cases From an Experienced Healthcare Perspective | Nurse Practitioner | Registered Nurse
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It is empowering to include patients in their care and the decision making process. Asking open ended or clarifying questions can help to better understand how much the patient comprehends the information being presented and also to help ascertain their desired level of involvement.

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5 Use appropriate aids and tools

The fifth step to communicate effectively with visually impaired patients is to use appropriate aids and tools that can facilitate and enhance your communication and care delivery. For example, you can use large-print or braille materials, audio or video recordings, or tactile or sensory devices, to provide information, instructions, or feedback to the patient. You can also use assistive devices, such as magnifiers, lamps, or canes, to help the patient with their daily activities, mobility, or safety. You should also consult with the patient about their preferred aids and tools, and provide them with training and support on how to use them.

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6 Take care of yourself

The sixth and final step to communicate effectively with visually impaired patients is to take care of yourself, as this can prevent or reduce stress, burnout, and compassion fatigue, and improve your well-being and performance. For example, you can practice self-awareness, mindfulness, and relaxation techniques, to cope with your emotions, thoughts, and reactions. You can also seek support from your colleagues, managers, or mentors, to share your experiences, challenges, and achievements. You can also pursue your hobbies, interests, and passions, to balance your work and personal life.

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Alan Roth, OD, CPEC

Optometrist | Certified Coach | Positive Psychology Facilitator
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Combining self-care practices with positive psychology principles creates a holistic approach to personal well-being, focusing on strengths, positive emotions, and a fulfilling life. Positive psychology encourages individuals to cultivate positive emotions in self care by engaging in meaningful activities, and developing a sense of purpose. So engage in activities that align with your personal values and provide you with a sense of purpose to contribute your overall well-being.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Lakeisha N. Falwell, MS, NP, RN, AOCNP®

Trusted Nursing Expert | Valued Legal Nurse | Assisting Attorneys Nationwide By Reviewing Medical-Related Cases From an Experienced Healthcare Perspective | Nurse Practitioner | Registered Nurse
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Do not assume what someone with a visual impairment will need or want. It is important to ask to better understand the needs and desires of the individual. Also of importance is to ask before offering assistance.

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How can you communicate effectively with visually impaired patients?

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1 Identify the level of vision loss

2 Use verbal and non-verbal cues

3 Provide clear and concise information

4 Involve the patient in decision making

5 Use appropriate aids and tools

6 Take care of yourself

7 Here’s what else to consider

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