Top Guide About Box Culvert design and parts
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Structural Loads: Beginner’s Guide Every engineer’s goal is to design structures that are capable of withstanding structural loads. It’s essential to identify all possible loads acting on it for proper design. This post is a summary of the different loads that a structure may experience during its lifetime. Structural Load Basics Structural loads are forces that cause stress and deformations to structures. It’s these forces that will dictate the design of the structure like choosing the right section for parts of the building and the materials to be used. Types There are many ways on how to classify structural loads. One way is to look at how the natural environment influences the structure; hence, the following is a summary of this classification: Gravity Loads Gravity loads are forces due to its weight. It is the most common type of load a structural engineer will encounter. Under this category, there are two types: (1) dead load and (2) live load. Dead loads are permanent forces acting on the structure. It may be the (1) self-weight of construction materials used or (2) superimposed loads like a piece of fixed equipment attached to the structure. The occupancy of people in buildings, moving equipment, and the movement of cars on bridges are examples of live load. These are varying loads due to the use of the structure. Wind Loads Wind can affect structures, especially for high-rise types. It can be a gentle breeze or something dangerous like gusts and storms. The most dangerous winds are those coming from a tropical cyclone. Recently, there have been reports of tropical cyclones getting more intense; Hence, engineers have to design structures to withstand these loads taking into consideration a lot of factors. Structural Load Wind Snow Loads Snow loads are environmental loads only applicable for structures expected to receive snowfall. Tropical countries do not have to worry about snow except for high-elevated areas where it can snow. For those readers who haven’t experienced snow, it can accumulate and be deep as a ten-storey building. If snow collects on top of a structure, it creates additional loads on the building which can cause it to fail. That’s why houses should be free of snow as much as possible to avoid putting too much weight (aside from preventing ice dam) Earthquake Loads Earthquakes are another big environmental threat. They mostly occur near tectonic plate boundaries and is theoretically caused by the interaction between two plates. A notable area where earthquakes occur is the Pacific Ring of Fire...
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