Zaeem-Al Ehsan

The paper aims to assess the market efficiency of Renata Ltd in the weak form by analyzing monthly returns ranging from December 2007 to April 2021. Past literature on the same topic uncovered the non-existence of efficiency in the weak form in the Dhaka Stock Exchange. Initially, a descriptive analysis was done using the 4 moments of Renata Ltd and the Dhaka Stock Exchange broad market exchange. A graphical analysis using P-P and Q-Q plots rejected the assumption that the returns of Renata Ltd… Show more

The paper aims to assess the market efficiency of Renata Ltd in the weak form by analyzing monthly returns ranging from December 2007 to April 2021. Past literature on the same topic uncovered the non-existence of efficiency in the weak form in the Dhaka Stock Exchange. Initially, a descriptive analysis was done using the 4 moments of Renata Ltd and the Dhaka Stock Exchange broad market exchange. A graphical analysis using P-P and Q-Q plots rejected the assumption that the returns of Renata Ltd come from a normal distribution. This was further supported by Jarque-Bera and Shapiro-Wilk tests of normality which also rejects the null hypothesis of the returns of Renata Ltd having come from a normal distribution. Graphical tests of autocorrelation were made to uncover the presence of any correlation between returns of Renata Ltd, which was found to not exist. Thus, we can assert that there is no presence of serial correlation, and therefore, the market is efficient in the weak form according to the graphical analysis of correlograms. To quantifiably test the presence of a random walk effect, the Durbin-Watson, Breusch Godfrey, Portmanteau, runs, Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and variance root tests were undertaken. All tests support the fact that Renata Ltd.’s return does follow a random-walk process, implying the existence of weak form market efficiency. Show less

The word “startup” has become a buzzword in contemporary policies and public debate. Every year, a whopping 100 million startups begin their operations worldwide and hence have a profound impact on the economy they are operating in. Hence, there lies a dire need for governments to foster the growth and fruition of startups since it directly correlates to economic growth.

This salient need to support startups highlights the question – “what constitutes a startup?”. This paper analyses… Show more

The word “startup” has become a buzzword in contemporary policies and public debate. Every year, a whopping 100 million startups begin their operations worldwide and hence have a profound impact on the economy they are operating in. Hence, there lies a dire need for governments to foster the growth and fruition of startups since it directly correlates to economic growth.

This salient need to support startups highlights the question – “what constitutes a startup?”. This paper analyses past literature to arrive at a quantifiable definition of "startup". The paper identified 4 overlapping variables used to define a startup.

While past literature fixated on the “newness” of a startup, contemporary scholarly papers show a growing consensus of classifying a startup as being innovative due to the increasingly complex requirements of both domestic and foreign markets9 and is reflected in the change in definitions used by researchers.

This paper identifies “innovation” as being the key differentiator of a startup and growth/risk being the following outcome of said “innovation”. While this paper develops a cut-off point based on the “age of incorporation”, it uncovers a more significant need for rese Show less

Gold has proven to be a sturdy investment to weather the storm of economic demise time and time again, however there lies no consensus on a model to capture the movement of gold prices. This study attempted to predict the implications of the recession brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic on gold prices. Hence, this study made an attempt to analyze the correlations of the price of gold with the price of crude oil, USD index and real world GDP per capita using annual data pertaining to the… Show more

Gold has proven to be a sturdy investment to weather the storm of economic demise time and time again, however there lies no consensus on a model to capture the movement of gold prices. This study attempted to predict the implications of the recession brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic on gold prices. Hence, this study made an attempt to analyze the correlations of the price of gold with the price of crude oil, USD index and real world GDP per capita using annual data pertaining to the sample interval range from 1973 to 2015. A VEC model of gold prices was used to uncover that changes in real GDP per capita, crude oil prices and the USD index had no long run equilibrium relationship with the price of gold. The study also found through a Granger Causality test that the aforementioned variables do have a short run impact on the prices of gold. The paper concludes that the COVID-19 pandemic will not have a significant impact on gold prices in the long run. Show less