Derek Kesek’s Post

#astrocyte #machinelearning Advances in quantitative analysis of astrocytes using machine learning https://lnkd.in/gqYPxyQy University of Houston Astrocytes, a subtype of glial cells, are star-shaped cells that are involved in the homeostasis and blood flow control of the central nervous system (CNS).  They are known to provide structural and functional support to neurons, including the regulation of neuronal activation through extracellular ion concentrations, the regulation of energy dynamics in the brain through the transfer of lactate to neurons, and the modulation of synaptic transmission via the release of neurotransmitters such as glutamate and adenosine triphosphate.  In addition, astrocytes play a critical role in neuronal reconstruction after brain injury, including neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, angiogenesis, repair of the blood-brain barrier, and glial scar formation after traumatic brain injury.  The multifunctional role of astrocytes in the CNS with tasks requiring close contact with their targets is reflected by their morphological complexity, with processes and ramifications occurring over multiple scales where interactions are plastic and can change depending on the physiological conditions...

Is AI going to revolutionize healthcare? Yes! It's here to sway neuroscience! Here are few trends in neuroscience that you can’t miss- ✔️ Brain-computer interface ↳ It allows communication between one's brain and an electronic device to help people with severe disabilities and neurological disorders. ✔️Generative AI technology ↳AI can automate simple and repetitive tasks, giving more bandwidth for personnel and resources to focus on patients. ✔️ MRI machines MRI machines are evolving in two directions: 👏 becoming larger and more advanced, 👏smaller and portable. For example- the larger machine is the 7 Tesla Siemens MRI scanner and small ones are made by Hyperfine and PhysioMRI ✔️ Psychedelic drugs Psychedelic drugs combined with traditional talk therapy have been shown to treat neurological and health disorders. For example- psilocybin and MDMA, are on verge of regulatory approval and will soon be more widely accessible. ✔️New PET radiotracers It can measure the increase in brain tau protein in Alzheimer’s disease before any observed symptoms. Its introduction can play a significant role in the discovery and development of disease-modifying therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases. Do you think AI will bring an ethical dilemma in medicine? #neurology #neuroscience #ai

#brainnetwork #cytokines #synapticplasticity #neuroimmunology Cytokines, synaptic plasticity and network dynamics: a matter of balance https://lnkd.in/gnbmfri6 Università degli Studi di Perugia The modern view of the immune system as a sensitizing and modulating machinery of the central nervous system is now well recognized. However, the specific mechanisms underlying this fine crosstalk have yet to be fully disentangled. To control cognitive function and behavior, the two systems are engaged in a subtle interacting act. In this scenario, a dual action of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the modulation of brain network connections is emerging. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are indeed required to express physiological plasticity in the hippocampal network while being detrimental when over-expressed during uncontrolled inflammatory processes. In this dynamic equilibrium, synaptic functioning and the performance of neural networks are ensured by maintaining an appropriate balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules in the central nervous system microenvironment.

Neural signature of basal ganglia indirect pathway revealed by Deep Brain Stimulation. Very interesting new findings. https://lnkd.in/dmtvhdz5 #neuroscience #Parkinsonsdisease #neuralpathways #neuralnetworks #neuralcircuits #deepbrainstimulation

🧠 Human Brain Expo 🧠 Interesting Article was published in A Cell Press Journal: "manipulations of microglia across different CNS regions lead to diverse behavioral consequences" "Microglia are the primary immune cells of the CNS, contributing to both inflammatory damage and tissue repair in neurological disorder. In addition, emerging evidence highlights the role of homeostatic microglia in regulating neuronal activity, interacting with synapses, tuning neural circuits, and modulating behaviors." *** #mentalhealth #brain #health #wellness #humanity #neuroscience #medicine #longivity #HBE #humanbrainexpo #3hbrain #science #behavior https://lnkd.in/gdVaq7ra

🧠 **Delving into the Fascinating Science of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) and its Impact on Parkinson's Disease** 🧠 Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) stands at the intersection of neuroscience and technology, offering a captivating glimpse into the intricate workings of the human brain. This innovative treatment has transformed the landscape of Parkinson's disease management, showcasing the power of technology to enhance human health and well-being. At its core, DBS involves the precise placement of electrodes in specific regions of the brain responsible for motor function. These electrodes emit controlled electrical pulses, effectively "rewiring" the brain's circuitry and alleviating the debilitating symptoms of Parkinson's disease, such as tremors, stiffness, and slowness of movement. The science behind DBS is nothing short of remarkable. By modulating aberrant neural activity, DBS restores a more harmonious balance within the brain, enabling individuals with Parkinson's disease to regain control over their movements and experience a significant improvement in their quality of life. What makes DBS particularly intriguing is its versatility. While initially developed for Parkinson's disease, DBS has shown promise in treating a range of neurological and psychiatric disorders, including essential tremor, dystonia, and even obsessive-compulsive disorder. This adaptability underscores the profound impact that DBS could have on the future of medicine, offering hope to countless individuals grappling with complex neurological conditions. Despite its remarkable efficacy, DBS is not without its complexities and challenges. Patient selection, electrode placement, and post-operative programming are just a few of the factors that require careful consideration to ensure optimal outcomes. Moreover, ongoing research is essential to further refine this technology and expand its applications to benefit more individuals in need. As we continue to unravel the mysteries of the brain and push the boundaries of medical innovation, DBS serves as a shining example of what can be achieved when science, technology, and human compassion converge. Together, let's celebrate the ingenuity and dedication of researchers and healthcare professionals who are driving progress in the field of neuroscience, paving the way for a brighter, healthier future for all. Join me in applauding the transformative potential of Deep Brain Stimulation and its profound impact on the lives of individuals with Parkinson's disease and beyond. Together, we can unlock new possibilities and redefine the future of healthcare! 💡 #DeepBrainStimulation #DBS #ParkinsonsDisease #Neuroscience #MedicalInnovation

Heartbeat and Brain Activity: A Rhythm in Harmony A recent study published in the journal "Nature Human Behaviour" has uncovered a fascinating connection between our heartbeats and brain activity. This groundbreaking research delves into how the different phases of our heartbeat can influence brain excitability, offering potential advancements in treating neurological conditions. The study employed a technique called transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to measure brain activity in 37 healthy volunteers. The researchers discovered that brain excitability was significantly higher during the systolic phase, when blood vessels are maximally distended, compared to the diastolic phase, when blood vessels are relaxed. This remarkable finding suggests that the timing of our heartbeats is intimately linked to fluctuations in brain activity. The researchers hypothesize that these changes in brain excitability may be mediated by the pulsatile flow of blood through the brain's vascular network. The implications of this study are far-reaching, holding immense potential for improving treatments for neurological disorders such as depression and stroke. By understanding the influence of heartbeats on brain activity, researchers may be able to develop more targeted and effective therapies. For instance, in the context of depression, the findings could lead to the development of treatments that synchronize brain stimulation with the heartbeat, potentially enhancing the therapeutic effects. Similarly, for stroke patients, understanding the interplay between heartbeats and brain activity could aid in developing interventions that promote neural recovery. This groundbreaking research marks a significant step forward in unraveling the complex relationship between our hearts and brains. By elucidating the influence of heartbeats on brain excitability, the study opens up new avenues for exploring the potential of heart-brain interactions in the realm of neurological health and disease. #heartbeat #brainactivity #neurology #research #breakthrough #cardiac DOI: https://lnkd.in/e4ur4H5B

Revolutionary Stroke Recovery Breakthrough in Mice Researchers at Lund University, in collaboration with the University of Rome La Sapienza and Washington University at St. Louis, have made a significant breakthrough in stroke recovery therapy. Their study, published in the journal Brain, reveals that inhibiting the metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR5 in mice and rats post-stroke helps restore lost brain function. This recovery was notably observed even when the treatment commenced several days after the stroke. The therapy's success lies in its ability to reactivate communication between nerve cells across vast brain areas, counteracting the typical post-stroke reduction in neural activity. Remarkably, this restoration of function occurred without reducing the extent of brain damage. The rodents in the study regained crucial somatosensory functions—abilities often impaired in human stroke patients. Furthermore, combining this pharmacological approach with somatosensory training, involving enriched environments with various stimuli, led to even greater improvements. These findings hold promise for future human applications, especially since mGluR5 inhibitors have been well-tolerated in other neurological treatments. The research was supported by multiple organizations, including the Swedish Research Council and the Alborada Trust. Amit Saxena Ajay Nandgaonkar Suchitaa Paatil Sanju Senthil Kumar Dr Taruna Anand #access #accessAlchemy #ai #neuroscience read more : https://lnkd.in/g2ruwgZY

#Perfect #balance: How the #brain #finetunes its #sensitivity #Neuroscience ----- https://lnkd.in/g6MS7E2P ----- #Inhibitoryneurons (#magenta) and their #synapses (#green) in the #mouse #neocortex. Credit: Biozentrum, University of Basel A sensitive perception of the environment is crucial for guiding our behavior. However, an overly sensitive response of the brain's neural circuits to stimuli can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders such as epilepsy. University of Basel researchers report in the journal Nature how neuronal networks in the mouse brain are fine-tuned. We are constantly exposed to a wide range of sensory stimuli, from loud noises to whispers. In order to efficiently process these diverse stimulus intensities, the brain needs to strike a balance in its responsiveness. An excessive sensitivity triggers an over-activation of nerve cells in response to a stimulus, leading to epileptic seizures. Conversely, insufficient sensitivity results in a reduced ability to perceive and discriminate stimuli. But how does the brain manage to be highly sensitive without becoming over-activated? "The key lies in maintaining a balance between neural excitation and inhibition," explains Professor Peter Scheiffele from the Biozentrum, University of Basel. "In mouse models, we have now discovered how this balance is maintained to ensure stable brain function." The study particularly focused on the neocortex, a brain area responsible for perception and a range of complex functions such learning. Our brain consists of billions of interconnected nerve cells that interact through so-called synapses and process sensory stimuli such as sounds, touch, and sights. While excitatory neurons pass on the input signal, inhibitory neurons control the timing and intensity of the information flow. This internal control system ensures that the nervous system responds appropriately to stimuli. Neurons are able to detect an elevated neuronal network activity and subsequently reduce the system's sensitivity to stimuli. But how the cells are instructed at the molecular level was poorly understood. "We have now revealed that highly activated excitatory neurons release a protein called BMP2," says lead author Dr. Zeynep Okur. "BMP2 signals to the inhibitory neurons, initiating a genetic program that leads to the formation of new synapses." These additional synapses increase the impact of inhibitory neurons and dampen network activity. This feedback mechanism is critical for tuning the sensitivity of neuronal networks, preventing over-activation and thus excessive responses to stimuli. "Switching-off the BMP2-induced genetic program in inhibitory neurons triggers epileptic seizures in mice, but only when they are older," explains Okur. Thus, this process is involved in long-term adaptations of cortical networks.

𝗗𝗮𝗶𝗹𝘆 𝗡𝗲𝘂𝗿𝗼-𝗯𝗶𝘁𝗲𝘀 🧠: 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗧𝗼𝗽 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗡𝗲𝘂𝗿𝗼𝗱𝗶𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗼𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗗𝗲𝘃𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗸𝗲𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗬𝗲𝗮𝗿? 𝙒𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙞𝙨 𝙣𝙚𝙪𝙧𝙤𝙢𝙤𝙣𝙞𝙩𝙤𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜/𝙣𝙚𝙪𝙧𝙤𝙙𝙞𝙖𝙜𝙣𝙤𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘𝙨? 🩺The neurodiagnostics market is majorly driven by the rising cases of neurological disorders like #dementia , #epilepsy, #Parkinson’sdisease, #stroke, #migraine, and #traumaticbraininjuries. 🩺There are 2 broad types of neurodiagnostic techniques; structural and functional neuroimaging. Techniques like #pet, #SPECT, #CT, #MRI, #EEG, #meg, and software analytics are creating significant growth opportunities here. 𝙈𝙖𝙧𝙠𝙚𝙩 𝙎𝙩𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘𝙨 𝙃𝙞𝙜𝙝𝙡𝙞𝙜𝙝𝙩𝙨 💰The global neurodiagnostics market was valued at USD 𝟳.𝟭 𝗯𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗼𝗻 in 2021. It is expected to reach USD 13.9 billion by 2030. 💰North America held the largest revenue share exceeding 𝟯𝟱% 𝗶𝗻 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟭 💵𝙏𝙝𝙚 𝙩𝙤𝙥 𝙡𝙚𝙖𝙙𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙨𝙚 𝙩𝙧𝙚𝙖𝙩𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙨 𝙗𝙮 𝙧𝙚𝙫𝙚𝙣𝙪𝙚 𝙩𝙝𝙞𝙨 𝙮𝙚𝙖𝙧 𝙞𝙣𝙘𝙡𝙪𝙙𝙚: GE HealthCare, Siemens Healthineers, Philips, Canon Medical Systems Corporation, Hitachi., Natus Neuro, FUJIFILM Holdings Corporation, Mindray, Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd., Samsung NeuroLogica., IMRIS, Deerfield Imaging, Masimo, York Instruments Ltd., Neusoft Medical, Drägerwerk AG & Co. KGaA and Bruker. 👀 Though there are market leaders, more companies are emerging in the neuromodulation, mental health, epilepsy and Parkinson's disease spaces such as: Neuroelectrics, Ceribell │ Point-of-Care EEG, Kernel, QMENTA, 뉴로핏 (Neurophet), CortiCare, Brainomix, NeuroSync, Epitel, OCULOGICA, Synaptive Medical, Rhaeos, Neuronetics, Inc., Wispr AI, Neureka, BioSerenity, Bitbrain, Cadwell Of course, this is not an extensive list... what other innovative neurodiagnostic and neuromonitoring companies do you think should be on this list? 🤔 Comment below! 👇 #neurology #neuro #neurodiagnostic #neuromonitoring #neuroscience https://lnkd.in/edpXSJ2M https://lnkd.in/eA4NgJEe