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This publication presents a summary of the state of health in Australia in 2024, with key findings on the health system, the health of Australians, and factors that can influence public health. The AIHW has also released a data insights report which complements this resource. Key findings 1. Australia’s life expectancy at birth is fourth highest among 38 OECD countries, after Japan, Korea and Switzerland. A boy and a girl born in 2020–2022 can expect to live on average 81.2 years and 85.3 years respectively – an increase of over 40% since the start of the 20th century. 2. For the first time since the mid-1990s, however, life expectancy in Australia decreased in 2020–2022 – by 0.1 years for males and females from 2019–2021 to 2020–2022. This is likely due to the increase in deaths seen in 2022, of which close to half were due to COVID-19. 3. In 2023, the leading causes of total burden among males were coronary heart disease, back pain and problems and suicide and self-inflicted injuries. Among females, the leading causes were dementia, followed by anxiety disorders and back pain and problems. 4. Cancer is a major cause of illness in Australia. In 2023, on average over 450 cases were diagnosed each day. #Healthservicesaccessibility #Healthservicesplanning #Primaryhealthcare #Immunisation #Chronicdiseases #Cancer #Preventativehealth #Cancerscreening #Publichealth #Burdenofdisease #Lifeexpectancy #Australia