Menopause is widely known to be a marker of the end of a woman's reproductive life, designated 12 months after her last period, said the National Institute on Aging (NIA). However, many people are less aware that perimenopause comes before it, and can cause symptoms like declining bone and muscle mass, wrinkles, sagging skin, graying hair, irregular periods, decreased fertility, vaginal dryness and hot flashes. Many of these symptoms echo those that crop up for 90% of women during menopause.
A study published in the Journal of Affective Disorders last month also links perimenopause to a significant increase in the likelihood of depression. According to the study, "women in this stage are about 40% more likely to experience the mental health condition than premenopausal women," said CNN. This is partly because levels of estrogen, the main female hormone, rise and fall "unevenly" during perimenopause, said Mayo Clinic. Estrogen, in turn, has "been found to affect the metabolism of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine, β-endorphin and serotonin, all of which have a role in emotional states," said the Journal's study authors to CNN.
Although approximately 2 million women reach menopause every year, "fewer than 1 in 10 physicians treating these individuals feel prepared to do so," said CNN, citing a study published in Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Healthcare providers often fail to make their female patients aware of medications that could help alleviate perimenopause and menopause symptoms. "Even lifestyle changes [can] help, like healthier eating, avoiding alcohol, regular exercise and stress reduction," Pinkerton said.
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