Counselling in London

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Photo of Sue Flory - Mewstone Counselling, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Mewstone Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
London SE13
Seeking help is not an indication of weakness. Unfortunately, challenges such as anxiety, bereavement, relationship issues, and depression can make life seem overwhelming. If you are reading this profile, you are probably in search of the right counsellor, which can be an intimidating task. . As an accredited member of the BACP, I offer a therapeutic approach tailored to your individual needs and personality, and am happy to discuss your current situation and your expectations from counselling with sensitivity and compassion.
Seeking help is not an indication of weakness. Unfortunately, challenges such as anxiety, bereavement, relationship issues, and depression can make life seem overwhelming. If you are reading this profile, you are probably in search of the right counsellor, which can be an intimidating task. . As an accredited member of the BACP, I offer a therapeutic approach tailored to your individual needs and personality, and am happy to discuss your current situation and your expectations from counselling with sensitivity and compassion.
020 3835 2457 View 020 3835 2457
Photo of Alun Jones, Counsellor
Alun Jones
Counsellor
Verified Verified
London SE3
I work with people who feel stressed, depressed, anxious, or perhaps a little bit lost and need some help to relax, feel more self confident and balanced, and more able to cope and enjoy their life more happily. We can all feel down, depressed, and lost at times, but with gentleness, patience, and support it can be changed. Some of my clients just need some help getting clear on their aims and goals and taking actions to get there. Some clients need more ongoing support to help them cope with day-to-day stresses, and also with building their self confidence and self esteem.
I work with people who feel stressed, depressed, anxious, or perhaps a little bit lost and need some help to relax, feel more self confident and balanced, and more able to cope and enjoy their life more happily. We can all feel down, depressed, and lost at times, but with gentleness, patience, and support it can be changed. Some of my clients just need some help getting clear on their aims and goals and taking actions to get there. Some clients need more ongoing support to help them cope with day-to-day stresses, and also with building their self confidence and self esteem.
020 8103 5606 View 020 8103 5606
Photo of Robert Thompson, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Robert Thompson
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London E8
It's good to talk, but it’s better to be listened to. Carving out the space to focus on ourselves has never been more challenging. Psychotherapy is the chance to do exactly that, a place to build a relationship to safely explore where you are at and where you want to be. I am dedicated to helping you find ways forward that feel positive. I aim to support you in making decisions and to explore new possibilities where sometimes we find ourselves stuck in the same old patterns. I aim to instil confidence and help manage feelings of anxiety or low mood and to imagine a new way forward.
It's good to talk, but it’s better to be listened to. Carving out the space to focus on ourselves has never been more challenging. Psychotherapy is the chance to do exactly that, a place to build a relationship to safely explore where you are at and where you want to be. I am dedicated to helping you find ways forward that feel positive. I aim to support you in making decisions and to explore new possibilities where sometimes we find ourselves stuck in the same old patterns. I aim to instil confidence and help manage feelings of anxiety or low mood and to imagine a new way forward.
020 3974 1391 View 020 3974 1391
Photo of Miriam Kilpatrick, MA, HCPC-Art Therap., Psychotherapist
Miriam Kilpatrick
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Verified Verified
London WC1X
I am an Art Psychotherapist registered with HCPC and BAAT. I am offering individual art psychotherapy sessions in North East London. I have experience working with adolescents and adults, across community and public services. I am trained psychodynamically and therefore offer a non-directive therapeutic space. If you or someone you know has thoughts and feelings they are finding difficult to express and want a contained and confidential space to express those feelings Art Psychotherapy may be a good fit for you.
I am an Art Psychotherapist registered with HCPC and BAAT. I am offering individual art psychotherapy sessions in North East London. I have experience working with adolescents and adults, across community and public services. I am trained psychodynamically and therefore offer a non-directive therapeutic space. If you or someone you know has thoughts and feelings they are finding difficult to express and want a contained and confidential space to express those feelings Art Psychotherapy may be a good fit for you.
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Photo of Anna Carver, BPC, Psychotherapist
Anna Carver
Psychotherapist, BPC
Verified Verified
London W1G
I am an experienced and certified psychodynamic psychotherapist. I work with individuals and couples seeking help with relationship difficulties, anxiety, low mood and depression, low self-esteem, work performance, creativity and psychosexual problems. I provide a safe, confidential and non-judgemental space for you to talk about your thoughts, feelings and emotions, both online or in a lovely room in Queen Anne Street, London W1.
I am an experienced and certified psychodynamic psychotherapist. I work with individuals and couples seeking help with relationship difficulties, anxiety, low mood and depression, low self-esteem, work performance, creativity and psychosexual problems. I provide a safe, confidential and non-judgemental space for you to talk about your thoughts, feelings and emotions, both online or in a lovely room in Queen Anne Street, London W1.
020 3974 2898 View 020 3974 2898
Photo of Nabila El-Zanaty, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Nabila El-Zanaty
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
London NW11
Thank you for visiting my page and taking the step to access support. Having worked with a wide range of clients experiencing difficulties with their emotional wellbeing, I have developed skills in recognising the sources of problems and how to work on solving them. We would work together in reaching your goals and I encourage a holistic and non-judgemental space that takes into account your individual needs and wants.
Thank you for visiting my page and taking the step to access support. Having worked with a wide range of clients experiencing difficulties with their emotional wellbeing, I have developed skills in recognising the sources of problems and how to work on solving them. We would work together in reaching your goals and I encourage a holistic and non-judgemental space that takes into account your individual needs and wants.
020 3962 0608 View 020 3962 0608
Photo of Dr Anthony Theuninck, PsychD, AFBPSsS, Psychologist
Dr Anthony Theuninck
Psychologist, PsychD, AFBPSsS
Verified Verified
London SE19
I'm an experienced senior clinician within the NHS with a wide range of training and experience in mental health care. I have worked for over 15 years in secondary mental health care and a specialist NHS family therapy service. I offer short and long-term psychotherapy with people with a wide variety of relationship, emotional and mental health problems.
I'm an experienced senior clinician within the NHS with a wide range of training and experience in mental health care. I have worked for over 15 years in secondary mental health care and a specialist NHS family therapy service. I offer short and long-term psychotherapy with people with a wide variety of relationship, emotional and mental health problems.
020 3835 3180 View 020 3835 3180
Photo of Kelly Dickson - Dr Kelly Dickson, PhD, MBACP, Counsellor
Dr Kelly Dickson
Counsellor, PhD, MBACP
Verified Verified
London WC1A
The evidence suggests that finding a therapist you feel able to talk to and understood by is key to a successful therapeutic experience. I am a down-to-earth, intelligent and non-judgmental integrative psychotherapist working with a range of issues. Ideally, therapy is a collaborative partnership and my style is active and empowering. I see you as the 'expert' in your life and myself as the 'expert' on therapeutic interventions. Together we focus on utilising your strengths and fostering insight and awareness in a safe and confidential environment. I love my work and look forward to helping you improve your mental health and wellbeing
The evidence suggests that finding a therapist you feel able to talk to and understood by is key to a successful therapeutic experience. I am a down-to-earth, intelligent and non-judgmental integrative psychotherapist working with a range of issues. Ideally, therapy is a collaborative partnership and my style is active and empowering. I see you as the 'expert' in your life and myself as the 'expert' on therapeutic interventions. Together we focus on utilising your strengths and fostering insight and awareness in a safe and confidential environment. I love my work and look forward to helping you improve your mental health and wellbeing
020 3962 0347 View 020 3962 0347
Photo of Dr Julia Dabrowski, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Julia Dabrowski
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London SW4  (Online Only)
I am a fully qualified and accredited Chartered Clinical Psychologist working with clients experiencing common psychological difficulties such as low mood and anxiety.
I am a fully qualified and accredited Chartered Clinical Psychologist working with clients experiencing common psychological difficulties such as low mood and anxiety.
020 3856 4609 View 020 3856 4609
Photo of Dr Lana Gerrard-Molle, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Lana Gerrard-Molle
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London NW2
I am a HCPC and BPS registered Counselling Psychologist offering short and long-term psychotherapy and counselling in North West London for an expanse of issues, from day-to-day difficulties and worries to more complex psychological problems. I have a broad training in a number of psychological models including Psychodynamic psychotherapy, CBT, Mentalisation Based Therapy, Compassion Focused Therapy, and Narrative Explosure Therapy. I have many years of experience working with individuals suffering from a variety of mental health problems including depression, anxiety, PTSD, and post-natal depression, and, severe and enduring mental illness including psychosis, bipolar and personality disorders.
I am a HCPC and BPS registered Counselling Psychologist offering short and long-term psychotherapy and counselling in North West London for an expanse of issues, from day-to-day difficulties and worries to more complex psychological problems. I have a broad training in a number of psychological models including Psychodynamic psychotherapy, CBT, Mentalisation Based Therapy, Compassion Focused Therapy, and Narrative Explosure Therapy. I have many years of experience working with individuals suffering from a variety of mental health problems including depression, anxiety, PTSD, and post-natal depression, and, severe and enduring mental illness including psychosis, bipolar and personality disorders.
07480 487369 View 07480 487369
Photo of Shanaz Khan, MSc, MBACP, Counsellor
Shanaz Khan
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
London W1U
Hello, my name is Shanaz and I am a BACP (British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy) registered Integrative Counsellor. In my private practice I offer a confidential and collaborative professional setting in which you can explore a wide number of current emotional or psychological problems and figure out ways in which these can be managed and helped. My rich cultural background and clinical experience contribute to my ability to relate to people from different walks of life with a broad range of presentation of difficulties.
Hello, my name is Shanaz and I am a BACP (British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy) registered Integrative Counsellor. In my private practice I offer a confidential and collaborative professional setting in which you can explore a wide number of current emotional or psychological problems and figure out ways in which these can be managed and helped. My rich cultural background and clinical experience contribute to my ability to relate to people from different walks of life with a broad range of presentation of difficulties.
020 8138 0874 View 020 8138 0874
Photo of Shireen Sultana, MSc, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Shireen Sultana
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Verified Verified
London EC4R
I am a CBT Therapist with over 15 years experience of working in mental health services within NHS. I have been currently working as a senior therapist within an NHS service which involves providing supervision to other clinicians and providing specialist assessment and treatment to individuals experiencing depression and anxiety disorders including PTSD, OCD & Long term health conditions. Although my primary modality of training is CBT, I am also trained in EMDR, IPT (Interpersonal Psychotherapy). I work with individual aged over 16.
I am a CBT Therapist with over 15 years experience of working in mental health services within NHS. I have been currently working as a senior therapist within an NHS service which involves providing supervision to other clinicians and providing specialist assessment and treatment to individuals experiencing depression and anxiety disorders including PTSD, OCD & Long term health conditions. Although my primary modality of training is CBT, I am also trained in EMDR, IPT (Interpersonal Psychotherapy). I work with individual aged over 16.
07588 683393 View 07588 683393
Vlad Cunet: Jungian Psychoanalysis
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
London SE1
My name is Vlad, I am a private psychotherapist and psychoanalyst of the Jungian tradition. My professional formation is tightly linked with Ukraine, Russia, and England, where I obtained different components of my psychoanalytic training. For over 10 years I studied psychotherapeutic work with adults and children, worked in a psychosocial rehabilitation centre, and ran a private psychoanalytic practice. I currently live and work in London's Southbank area, where I provide analytical psychotherapy to adults.
My name is Vlad, I am a private psychotherapist and psychoanalyst of the Jungian tradition. My professional formation is tightly linked with Ukraine, Russia, and England, where I obtained different components of my psychoanalytic training. For over 10 years I studied psychotherapeutic work with adults and children, worked in a psychosocial rehabilitation centre, and ran a private psychoanalytic practice. I currently live and work in London's Southbank area, where I provide analytical psychotherapy to adults.
020 4538 8935 View 020 4538 8935
Photo of Melissa Casares, MBACP, Counsellor
Melissa Casares
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
London N10  (Online Only)
Hello, I trained in the Humanistic Integrative approach which means I work with each person as an individual, and can utilise different approaches to therapy. My aim is to work with you, focusing on what you bring to therapy, at your pace. Making the decision to contact a therapist is a big step, and I'd like to work with you in a confidential, supportive way to make this a positive step for you. If you are experiencing relationship difficulties, depression, anxiety or just feel that you need someone outside of friends and family to talk to, please get in touch by email or phone.
Hello, I trained in the Humanistic Integrative approach which means I work with each person as an individual, and can utilise different approaches to therapy. My aim is to work with you, focusing on what you bring to therapy, at your pace. Making the decision to contact a therapist is a big step, and I'd like to work with you in a confidential, supportive way to make this a positive step for you. If you are experiencing relationship difficulties, depression, anxiety or just feel that you need someone outside of friends and family to talk to, please get in touch by email or phone.
07480 537789 View 07480 537789
Photo of Matt Davies, MSc, COSRT Accred, Psychotherapist
Matt Davies
Psychotherapist, MSc, COSRT Accred
Verified Verified
London W1G
I never thought I would need therapy. My relationship with my wife was great. I was the managing director of a successful company. Then life got tough and we found ourselves in crisis. Going to couple therapy together saved our marriage! We’ve been back to therapy many times to keep our relationship on course. What I learned from our couple therapy and my years of one-to-one psychotherapy transformed my marriage and my life. The results of the therapy impressed me so much I decided to change career. I wanted to offer the valuable insights and knowledge I had learned to other individuals and couples in distress.
I never thought I would need therapy. My relationship with my wife was great. I was the managing director of a successful company. Then life got tough and we found ourselves in crisis. Going to couple therapy together saved our marriage! We’ve been back to therapy many times to keep our relationship on course. What I learned from our couple therapy and my years of one-to-one psychotherapy transformed my marriage and my life. The results of the therapy impressed me so much I decided to change career. I wanted to offer the valuable insights and knowledge I had learned to other individuals and couples in distress.
020 8106 2463 View 020 8106 2463
Photo of Mahen Jhugroo, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Mahen Jhugroo
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
London NW6  (Online Only)
I am a Senior Chartered Clinical Psychologist with experience working in the NHS and the Health Service Executive for almost 15 years. I have completed my training at the Institute of Education, University of London and the National University Ireland, Galway and feels very privileged to have trained in centres of excellence where I have gained a wealth of experience. As an experienced clinician working across the lifespan in various settings with individuals experiencing a range of psychological and emotional difficulties, I provide an integrative approach to my work, including working with adolescents and adults.
I am a Senior Chartered Clinical Psychologist with experience working in the NHS and the Health Service Executive for almost 15 years. I have completed my training at the Institute of Education, University of London and the National University Ireland, Galway and feels very privileged to have trained in centres of excellence where I have gained a wealth of experience. As an experienced clinician working across the lifespan in various settings with individuals experiencing a range of psychological and emotional difficulties, I provide an integrative approach to my work, including working with adolescents and adults.
020 8154 5430 View 020 8154 5430
Photo of Danielle Handbridge, DCounsPsych, PNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Danielle Handbridge
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, PNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London N1  (Online Only)
I work with adults and young people from different backgrounds and different past experiences. I offer a confidential, non judgmental safe space where my clients can feel free to work through their presenting issue in a way that is comfortable for them. Therapy with me involves working together to identify the clients needs and agree the best possible way forward. I am a big believer in self-care and will work with my clients to ensure they focus on their own self-care throughout our therapy process and beyond. I'm passionate about working along side my clients throughout their therapy process to help them facilitate change.
I work with adults and young people from different backgrounds and different past experiences. I offer a confidential, non judgmental safe space where my clients can feel free to work through their presenting issue in a way that is comfortable for them. Therapy with me involves working together to identify the clients needs and agree the best possible way forward. I am a big believer in self-care and will work with my clients to ensure they focus on their own self-care throughout our therapy process and beyond. I'm passionate about working along side my clients throughout their therapy process to help them facilitate change.
020 3835 4254 View 020 3835 4254
Photo of Lubna Dar, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Lubna Dar
Psychologist, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
London NW7
Navigating today's world doesn't get any easier, does it? Social media tells us how to look and feel and yet many of us can end up feeling shamed and inadequate. We may have goals we want to achieve yet it's all too easy to feel discouraged, out of control, and feel we will never get there. Sometimes the only thing we feel we can have control over is our eating or other addictions. But this usually leads into a downward spiral. What my clients have found is that by joining me in a course of psychological therapy they can unravel the twists and turns they have found themselves in.
Navigating today's world doesn't get any easier, does it? Social media tells us how to look and feel and yet many of us can end up feeling shamed and inadequate. We may have goals we want to achieve yet it's all too easy to feel discouraged, out of control, and feel we will never get there. Sometimes the only thing we feel we can have control over is our eating or other addictions. But this usually leads into a downward spiral. What my clients have found is that by joining me in a course of psychological therapy they can unravel the twists and turns they have found themselves in.
020 3984 9150 View 020 3984 9150
Photo of George Pearse, MSc, BACP, Psychotherapist
George Pearse
Psychotherapist, MSc, BACP
Verified Verified
London E8
I am an experienced, passionate therapist who genuinely enjoys the process of helping people work through emotional difficulty. With a background in law and physical wellbeing, my approach to therapy is holistic in outlook; I always try to keep one foot in the real world as we explore your reasons for therapy.  Clients often present with a general sense of anxiety or depression. Perhaps current circumstances have proved overwhelming and they need support guiding themselves back. Or old behavioral patterns have re-emerged and this is proving distressing. By holding space for you to reflect, we can work through your issues together.
I am an experienced, passionate therapist who genuinely enjoys the process of helping people work through emotional difficulty. With a background in law and physical wellbeing, my approach to therapy is holistic in outlook; I always try to keep one foot in the real world as we explore your reasons for therapy.  Clients often present with a general sense of anxiety or depression. Perhaps current circumstances have proved overwhelming and they need support guiding themselves back. Or old behavioral patterns have re-emerged and this is proving distressing. By holding space for you to reflect, we can work through your issues together.
020 4538 1322 View 020 4538 1322
Photo of Jack Reardon, BACP, Psychotherapist
Jack Reardon
Psychotherapist, BACP
Verified Verified
London SW15
I offer long-term and short-term psychotherapy and counselling for a wide range of issues. One of the hardest choices can be finding a therapist. I have an Integrative approach to Psychotherapy, this means I integrate an approach that is suitable to you. I have experience with; addiction recovery, anxiety, depression, trauma, compulsive behaviour, relationship difficulties/or lack of relationship, low self-esteem, childhood abuse, dissociation, suicidal thoughts, anger, self-harming/destructive thoughts and behaviour, amongst others.
I offer long-term and short-term psychotherapy and counselling for a wide range of issues. One of the hardest choices can be finding a therapist. I have an Integrative approach to Psychotherapy, this means I integrate an approach that is suitable to you. I have experience with; addiction recovery, anxiety, depression, trauma, compulsive behaviour, relationship difficulties/or lack of relationship, low self-esteem, childhood abuse, dissociation, suicidal thoughts, anger, self-harming/destructive thoughts and behaviour, amongst others.
01748 901307 View 01748 901307
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See more therapy options for London

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in London

3,000+

Average cost per session

£75

Counsellors in London who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
85% Depression
84% Self Esteem
81% Relationship Issues
79% Stress
66% Trauma and PTSD
63% Bereavement

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

70% Aviva
64% AXA PPP
57% Vitality

How Counsellors in London see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
24% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in London?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.