Photo of Katherine Fitzsimmons, MSc, MBACP, Counsellor
Katherine Fitzsimmons
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
I provide a safe and confidential place for you to feel accepted, understood and able to freely explore the causes of your feelings and behaviours. My approach is based on psychoanalytic and psychodynamic principles. I will be mindful of how your past experiences may influence your current patterns of thinking, feeling and relating to others.
I provide a safe and confidential place for you to feel accepted, understood and able to freely explore the causes of your feelings and behaviours. My approach is based on psychoanalytic and psychodynamic principles. I will be mindful of how your past experiences may influence your current patterns of thinking, feeling and relating to others.
01462 412415 View 01462 412415
Photo of Corinne Marshall - Different Shades Counselling & Psychotherapy, Psychotherapist
Different Shades Counselling & Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist
Verified Verified
You may be experiencing a period in your life where personal circumstances are proving quite challenging, sometimes these difficulties can become overwhelming causing us to withdraw. The therapeutic process allows room for change and with the support of a therapist, progress can begin towards a different outlook towards yourself, your current circumstances and resources to develop and maintain a greater quality of life.
You may be experiencing a period in your life where personal circumstances are proving quite challenging, sometimes these difficulties can become overwhelming causing us to withdraw. The therapeutic process allows room for change and with the support of a therapist, progress can begin towards a different outlook towards yourself, your current circumstances and resources to develop and maintain a greater quality of life.
07388 253229 View 07388 253229
Photo of Dr Serene Hadj-Hammou, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Serene Hadj-Hammou
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London N4  (Online Only)
Hello :) I am qualified as a Clinical Psychologist. I have worked in mental health for over 10 years, with many individuals facing different challenges and life events (including low mood, worry, loss, phobias, psychosis and traumas). I believe therapy can offer a space to make sense of your experiences and the ways in which you respond, reconnect with your resources, values and hopes, move past painful memories and reflect on your strengths. I am committed to working collaboratively in a respectful, non judgemental way. My approach emphasises the relationship between distress and the world we live in.
Hello :) I am qualified as a Clinical Psychologist. I have worked in mental health for over 10 years, with many individuals facing different challenges and life events (including low mood, worry, loss, phobias, psychosis and traumas). I believe therapy can offer a space to make sense of your experiences and the ways in which you respond, reconnect with your resources, values and hopes, move past painful memories and reflect on your strengths. I am committed to working collaboratively in a respectful, non judgemental way. My approach emphasises the relationship between distress and the world we live in.
020 3823 6660 View 020 3823 6660
Photo of Oliver Jarvis, MBACP, Counsellor
Oliver Jarvis
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
You may have an issue you would like to explore that’s clear in your mind, or you may feel lost and confused about what’s happening and aren’t sure where to begin. Either way, I offer a professional and non-judgemental space for whatever it is you would like to explore. Some may look for short-term crisis interventions, others for a long-term exploration of what has led to the current difficulties. Together, we can work towards understanding the underlying issues which contribute to current symptoms taking into account the social, cultural, sexual and psychological aspects of each individual's way of being in the world.
You may have an issue you would like to explore that’s clear in your mind, or you may feel lost and confused about what’s happening and aren’t sure where to begin. Either way, I offer a professional and non-judgemental space for whatever it is you would like to explore. Some may look for short-term crisis interventions, others for a long-term exploration of what has led to the current difficulties. Together, we can work towards understanding the underlying issues which contribute to current symptoms taking into account the social, cultural, sexual and psychological aspects of each individual's way of being in the world.
020 8138 8531 View 020 8138 8531
Photo of Jackson Kerr, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Jackson Kerr
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Hi there, my name is Jackson. I'm a Chartered Counselling Psychologist, registered with the Health and Care Professionals Council (HCPC).  I respect everyone comes to therapy for different reasons and at different stages of life. I strive to offer a warm, nonjudgemental therapeutic space to safely explore your experiences and difficulties. I recognise that though we are individuals, we exist in complex social systems that shape our experience and sense of selves. I'm passionate about supporting people to gain a better understanding of themselves and building emotional resilience.
Hi there, my name is Jackson. I'm a Chartered Counselling Psychologist, registered with the Health and Care Professionals Council (HCPC).  I respect everyone comes to therapy for different reasons and at different stages of life. I strive to offer a warm, nonjudgemental therapeutic space to safely explore your experiences and difficulties. I recognise that though we are individuals, we exist in complex social systems that shape our experience and sense of selves. I'm passionate about supporting people to gain a better understanding of themselves and building emotional resilience.
020 4538 0689 View 020 4538 0689
Photo of Andy Rushton, MUKCP, Counsellor
Andy Rushton
Counsellor, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Not accepting new clients
Problems are part of life, but sometimes you cannot handle your problems alone. Friends and family can help, but maybe you don’t want to burden them, maybe they don’t really help, or maybe they are the problem.
Problems are part of life, but sometimes you cannot handle your problems alone. Friends and family can help, but maybe you don’t want to burden them, maybe they don’t really help, or maybe they are the problem.
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Photo of Jana Bystrianska, BACP, Counsellor
Jana Bystrianska
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
I am a BACP registered integrative counsellor, experienced in working with a variety of clients and issues. I offer a non-judgmental and confidential space where you can explore whatever might be troubling you. My approach is to bring warmth and compassion to my understanding of a range of different psychotherapeutic traditions. Living and practicing in London means that I work in a culturally informed way, taking into account all the diverse influences which form each of us as human beings. I have experience in working with relationship challenges and family struggles, childhood traumas, stress, anxiety, and depression, loss
I am a BACP registered integrative counsellor, experienced in working with a variety of clients and issues. I offer a non-judgmental and confidential space where you can explore whatever might be troubling you. My approach is to bring warmth and compassion to my understanding of a range of different psychotherapeutic traditions. Living and practicing in London means that I work in a culturally informed way, taking into account all the diverse influences which form each of us as human beings. I have experience in working with relationship challenges and family struggles, childhood traumas, stress, anxiety, and depression, loss
020 3835 5426 View 020 3835 5426
Photo of Alexander Szendrei, MBACP, Counsellor
Alexander Szendrei
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Hello and welcome, I believe that it's vital to get the right support when life isn't going so well. I also believe that all of us carry pain within and occasionally find ourselves in dark woods. Therefore, we shouldn’t feel any shame or judgment in discussing our life experiences. My journey to becoming a therapist began as a direct result of my personal therapy and how beneficial and life-changing it was for me. I am convinced that the most important factor in therapy is the trusting therapeutic relationship. Therefore I offer compassion and a non-judgemental attitude as a starting point to meet each other.
Hello and welcome, I believe that it's vital to get the right support when life isn't going so well. I also believe that all of us carry pain within and occasionally find ourselves in dark woods. Therefore, we shouldn’t feel any shame or judgment in discussing our life experiences. My journey to becoming a therapist began as a direct result of my personal therapy and how beneficial and life-changing it was for me. I am convinced that the most important factor in therapy is the trusting therapeutic relationship. Therefore I offer compassion and a non-judgemental attitude as a starting point to meet each other.
020 3962 1676 View 020 3962 1676
Photo of Lisa Winfield, MBACP, Counsellor
Lisa Winfield
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Waitlist for new clients
Hello there, are you struggling with anxiety or depression, maybe trying to cope with a bereavement, the end of a relationship, embarking on a new life stage or feeling overwhelmed and stuck? Life can be challenging, and I aim to provide a warm, welcoming and confidential space for you to take the time to acknowledge and reflect upon difficulties. I also recognise how our early childhood experiences can significantly affect our adult lives. My focus is to support each client's unique exploration of their feelings, relationships, hopes and fears in the past and present so that they can find a pathway to the future.
Hello there, are you struggling with anxiety or depression, maybe trying to cope with a bereavement, the end of a relationship, embarking on a new life stage or feeling overwhelmed and stuck? Life can be challenging, and I aim to provide a warm, welcoming and confidential space for you to take the time to acknowledge and reflect upon difficulties. I also recognise how our early childhood experiences can significantly affect our adult lives. My focus is to support each client's unique exploration of their feelings, relationships, hopes and fears in the past and present so that they can find a pathway to the future.
020 7870 1815 View 020 7870 1815
Photo of Abi Agboola, MBACP, Counsellor
Abi Agboola
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
London N4  (Online Only)
I will offer you a safe, supportive and confidential space where you can talk about whatever is troubling you without fear of being judged in any way. During our sessions I will help you to gain clarity about your situation, achieve deeper personal awareness and provide you with the space to explore the changes necessary to live a more fulfilled life. I have experience of working with depression, stress and anxiety in its many different forms. Also relationship, identity issues and physical and/or emotional abuse. I offer both long and short term counselling.
I will offer you a safe, supportive and confidential space where you can talk about whatever is troubling you without fear of being judged in any way. During our sessions I will help you to gain clarity about your situation, achieve deeper personal awareness and provide you with the space to explore the changes necessary to live a more fulfilled life. I have experience of working with depression, stress and anxiety in its many different forms. Also relationship, identity issues and physical and/or emotional abuse. I offer both long and short term counselling.
020 3962 1112 View 020 3962 1112
Photo of Rose Matadi, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Rose Matadi
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London N4  (Online Only)
I am a qualified integrative Counsellor and a Cognitive Behaviour Therapist (CBT). Our initial session will be an opportunity for us to get to know each other. You will talk about your concerns, experience, expectation and your goal for therapy. I will explain how we will collaboratively work to meet your goal for therapy. I aim to work together to support and offer you a safe, confidential, understanding and non-judgemental space where you will feel comfortable exploring your concerns in your own space. I use CBT to explore the origin of unhealthy thoughts to help you to develop a new way of thinking.
I am a qualified integrative Counsellor and a Cognitive Behaviour Therapist (CBT). Our initial session will be an opportunity for us to get to know each other. You will talk about your concerns, experience, expectation and your goal for therapy. I will explain how we will collaboratively work to meet your goal for therapy. I aim to work together to support and offer you a safe, confidential, understanding and non-judgemental space where you will feel comfortable exploring your concerns in your own space. I use CBT to explore the origin of unhealthy thoughts to help you to develop a new way of thinking.
07884 778541 View 07884 778541
Photo of Sana Afsar, BACP, Counsellor
Sana Afsar
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London N4  (Online Only)
I am an Integrative Humanistic Therapist. I work with the understanding of intersectional complexities, neurodiversity and GSRD (gender, sexual, and relationship diversity). We explore all aspects of your lived experience to understand your current state of being. I utilise a trauma informed lens, as well as aim to re-establish connection with the body. Having lived in South Asia, the Middle East, America, France and now the UK, I am able to understand and acknowledge the social and cultural uniqueness of each person.
I am an Integrative Humanistic Therapist. I work with the understanding of intersectional complexities, neurodiversity and GSRD (gender, sexual, and relationship diversity). We explore all aspects of your lived experience to understand your current state of being. I utilise a trauma informed lens, as well as aim to re-establish connection with the body. Having lived in South Asia, the Middle East, America, France and now the UK, I am able to understand and acknowledge the social and cultural uniqueness of each person.
020 4524 3078 View 020 4524 3078
Photo of Alessandro D'Accordi, UKCP Trainee, Counsellor
Alessandro D'Accordi
Counsellor, UKCP Trainee
Verified Verified
You might feel overwhelmed by life's complexities and struggle with patterns tied to early experiences and family dynamics, yet you feel these alone don’t fully capture your current challenges. You seek a therapeutic relationship that explores the effect onto you of both personal experiences and socio-political dynamics; one that addresses issues like anxiety, depression, and self-esteem, while examining the systemic forces limiting your potential.
You might feel overwhelmed by life's complexities and struggle with patterns tied to early experiences and family dynamics, yet you feel these alone don’t fully capture your current challenges. You seek a therapeutic relationship that explores the effect onto you of both personal experiences and socio-political dynamics; one that addresses issues like anxiety, depression, and self-esteem, while examining the systemic forces limiting your potential.
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Photo of Hazal Kartal, BACP, Counsellor
Hazal Kartal
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
Maybe you’re feeling unable to cope at this time in your life? Maybe all you need is to find your own voice again? What I offer is a confidential space for you to bring what you want to share with someone whom you can build a therapeutic relationship with. I can help you explore your past experiences if that’s where you are stuck or we can explore how you feel or think now, in the present, to help you make better understanding of ways to cope. I am a qualified Counsellor and Psychotherapist, providing a non-judgmental and empathetic service. I am trained and experienced in working with both adults and young people.
Maybe you’re feeling unable to cope at this time in your life? Maybe all you need is to find your own voice again? What I offer is a confidential space for you to bring what you want to share with someone whom you can build a therapeutic relationship with. I can help you explore your past experiences if that’s where you are stuck or we can explore how you feel or think now, in the present, to help you make better understanding of ways to cope. I am a qualified Counsellor and Psychotherapist, providing a non-judgmental and empathetic service. I am trained and experienced in working with both adults and young people.
020 4572 1869 View 020 4572 1869
Photo of Dr Zalfa Stevenson, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Zalfa Stevenson
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London N4  (Online Only)
Hello, I am Zalfa, a Counselling Psychologist. At the heart of my work, I strive to create a warm and empathetic space for individuals from all walks of life. I support clients facing a variety of challenges, including self-esteem issues, anxiety, relationship difficulties, and low mood. Additionally, I have substantial experience in the NHS and voluntary sector working with complex mental health difficulties such as complex trauma, substance misuse, and gender-based violence. As a Lebanese-British psychologist I have cultivated a particular interest in holistic therapeutic approaches, which consider all aspects of a person.
Hello, I am Zalfa, a Counselling Psychologist. At the heart of my work, I strive to create a warm and empathetic space for individuals from all walks of life. I support clients facing a variety of challenges, including self-esteem issues, anxiety, relationship difficulties, and low mood. Additionally, I have substantial experience in the NHS and voluntary sector working with complex mental health difficulties such as complex trauma, substance misuse, and gender-based violence. As a Lebanese-British psychologist I have cultivated a particular interest in holistic therapeutic approaches, which consider all aspects of a person.
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Photo of Donna Raphael, DCounsPsych, MBACP, Counsellor
Donna Raphael
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Verified Verified
I specialise in anxiety and depression, but whatever brings you to therapy right now I can support you and together we can explore what is the cause. I am passionate about empowering clients to develop and strengthen their own sense of agency in the world, so that they feel in control. I work collaboratively with clients rather than acting as an expert. I help my clients consider new ways of viewing the world and guidance on ways they may consider changing their behaviours. The most important thing to me as a therapist is that I provide a warm and non-judgemental space for you to feel truly seen, heard and understood.
I specialise in anxiety and depression, but whatever brings you to therapy right now I can support you and together we can explore what is the cause. I am passionate about empowering clients to develop and strengthen their own sense of agency in the world, so that they feel in control. I work collaboratively with clients rather than acting as an expert. I help my clients consider new ways of viewing the world and guidance on ways they may consider changing their behaviours. The most important thing to me as a therapist is that I provide a warm and non-judgemental space for you to feel truly seen, heard and understood.
020 4538 6941 View 020 4538 6941
Photo of Asli Atasever, MSc, GMBPsS, Psychologist
Asli Atasever
Psychologist, MSc, GMBPsS
Verified Verified
London N4  (Online Only)
If you need some support in your life journey, you can get in touch with me and we can navigate this process together. It may not always be possible to recognize the factors affecting our well-being and develop effective coping strategies. In times like these, getting professional support is the best step we can take for ourselves. If you think you are having difficulty with depression, anxiety, stress, relationship/family problems, and especially an eating disorder, and you realize this problem can no longer be solved on your own, you can contact me.
If you need some support in your life journey, you can get in touch with me and we can navigate this process together. It may not always be possible to recognize the factors affecting our well-being and develop effective coping strategies. In times like these, getting professional support is the best step we can take for ourselves. If you think you are having difficulty with depression, anxiety, stress, relationship/family problems, and especially an eating disorder, and you realize this problem can no longer be solved on your own, you can contact me.
020 3727 7290 View 020 3727 7290
Photo of Bogumila Janina Malinowska - London Counselling Centre, MA, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
London Counselling Centre
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
My name is Bogumila.I am BACP and NCPS accredited counsellor/psychotherapist,authorised mindfulness/ Zen Master . I use :Neuroscience,Gestalt and EMDR(Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing)meditation .If you struggle with your negative thinking,expressing feelings,making decissions,if you struggle with self esteem,feeling not being good enough, grief addiction ,bereavement I will help you overcome this. Do you want to build up motivation,improve daily routine, to deal effectively with your addiction, sexual issues,addiction,depression,anxiety,self worth? build your support network.Integrative sex and couple therapist.
My name is Bogumila.I am BACP and NCPS accredited counsellor/psychotherapist,authorised mindfulness/ Zen Master . I use :Neuroscience,Gestalt and EMDR(Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing)meditation .If you struggle with your negative thinking,expressing feelings,making decissions,if you struggle with self esteem,feeling not being good enough, grief addiction ,bereavement I will help you overcome this. Do you want to build up motivation,improve daily routine, to deal effectively with your addiction, sexual issues,addiction,depression,anxiety,self worth? build your support network.Integrative sex and couple therapist.
020 3319 5265 View 020 3319 5265
Photo of Benet Catty, MA, MUKCP, Counsellor
Benet Catty
Counsellor, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Waitlist for new clients
Conducting over 5,000 sessions of therapy I have helped my clients explore a huge range of emotional, relational, sexual or traumatic material to try and make sense of what those experiences have meant for them, how they have impacted them, and what they want to do about them going forward. No subject is off limits, no feelings unwelcome, and no challenge too big or small to be worth exploring safely and gently.
Conducting over 5,000 sessions of therapy I have helped my clients explore a huge range of emotional, relational, sexual or traumatic material to try and make sense of what those experiences have meant for them, how they have impacted them, and what they want to do about them going forward. No subject is off limits, no feelings unwelcome, and no challenge too big or small to be worth exploring safely and gently.
020 8106 0676 View 020 8106 0676
Photo of Amanda M Garber, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Amanda M Garber
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
It may be that you want to discuss a current life event, or something that has been troubling you for some time. Being listened to with empathy and non-judgement can help you to deal with issues that are causing distress or unhappiness. The cause can be known or they maybe unknown. Relationships can get stuck in repetitive patterns. Issues that therapy can help with and that are often hard to overcome include: low self esteem, relationship issues , depression, childhood trauma, sexual issues, anxiety and stress . I also work with bereavement, loss, addiction and substance misuse , health related issues.
It may be that you want to discuss a current life event, or something that has been troubling you for some time. Being listened to with empathy and non-judgement can help you to deal with issues that are causing distress or unhappiness. The cause can be known or they maybe unknown. Relationships can get stuck in repetitive patterns. Issues that therapy can help with and that are often hard to overcome include: low self esteem, relationship issues , depression, childhood trauma, sexual issues, anxiety and stress . I also work with bereavement, loss, addiction and substance misuse , health related issues.
020 3962 2307 View 020 3962 2307
1

See more therapy options for N4

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in N4

100+

Average cost per session

£70

Counsellors in N4 who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
90% Depression
89% Stress
88% Relationship Issues
87% Self Esteem
78% Bereavement
71% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% AXA PPP
77% Aviva
65% Vitality

How Counsellors in N4 see their clients

82% In Person and Online
18% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
23% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in N4?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.