Photo of Abby Moore, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Abby Moore
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Florence, MA 01062  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I take an affirming, collaborative, strengths based, trauma informed approach to therapy. My lens is grounded in the understanding that life experiences and ways of navigating distress are dependent on one’s identities, internal and external environments, and social and cultural ecosystems. I utilize a breadth of relationally informed psychodynamic approaches to support clients. Although my therapeutic style is eclectic, integrative, and flexible, it is rooted in a psychodynamic theoretical orientation with a trauma informed lens, grounded in attachment theories and framed by social justice.
I take an affirming, collaborative, strengths based, trauma informed approach to therapy. My lens is grounded in the understanding that life experiences and ways of navigating distress are dependent on one’s identities, internal and external environments, and social and cultural ecosystems. I utilize a breadth of relationally informed psychodynamic approaches to support clients. Although my therapeutic style is eclectic, integrative, and flexible, it is rooted in a psychodynamic theoretical orientation with a trauma informed lens, grounded in attachment theories and framed by social justice.
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Photo of Celia Hilson, MA, LMFT,  MEd, Marriage & Family Therapist
Celia Hilson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, MEd
Verified Verified
Northampton, MA 01062
I take great joy in my commitment to support individuals and groups towards healing and transformational change. I have provided therapy in home environments as well as private and college settings. Whether you are facing mid-life cycle transitions, stuck in fear patterns, struggling with menopause or dealing with intergenerational trauma, I can help you lean into these places more deeply with trusted support.
I take great joy in my commitment to support individuals and groups towards healing and transformational change. I have provided therapy in home environments as well as private and college settings. Whether you are facing mid-life cycle transitions, stuck in fear patterns, struggling with menopause or dealing with intergenerational trauma, I can help you lean into these places more deeply with trusted support.
(413) 331-7403 View (413) 331-7403
Photo of Leah Berkowitz-Gosselin, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Leah Berkowitz-Gosselin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Florence, MA 01062
Not accepting new clients
*No current openings at this time* NOTE: TELEHEALTH ONLY. Welcome! I have been in practice in diverse community settings for nearly 20 years, largely with survivors of abuse and intimate partner/domestic violence and with individuals who have experienced homicide death or other traumatic loss. I work frequently with young adults who have experienced abuse in childhood, struggling within relationships or in life transitions. Traumatic experiences can lead to feelings of hopelessness, depression, anxiety and complex physical symptoms.
*No current openings at this time* NOTE: TELEHEALTH ONLY. Welcome! I have been in practice in diverse community settings for nearly 20 years, largely with survivors of abuse and intimate partner/domestic violence and with individuals who have experienced homicide death or other traumatic loss. I work frequently with young adults who have experienced abuse in childhood, struggling within relationships or in life transitions. Traumatic experiences can lead to feelings of hopelessness, depression, anxiety and complex physical symptoms.
(413) 251-6807 View (413) 251-6807
Photo of Anne Roughton, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Anne Roughton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Florence, MA 01062
Do you find yourself focusing too much on other people's wants and needs while ignoring your own? Over time, living this way can leave you feeling used up, deeply stuck and way off track. So if you're someone others often rely on for support, it might be time to find your own person to talk with. And it's perfectly okay if you have a sense that things need to change, but aren't sure where to start. I have experience and a special interest in helping people like you alleviate their anxiety, relationship problems and burnout.
Do you find yourself focusing too much on other people's wants and needs while ignoring your own? Over time, living this way can leave you feeling used up, deeply stuck and way off track. So if you're someone others often rely on for support, it might be time to find your own person to talk with. And it's perfectly okay if you have a sense that things need to change, but aren't sure where to start. I have experience and a special interest in helping people like you alleviate their anxiety, relationship problems and burnout.
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Photo of Paul Stephen Foster-Moore, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Paul Stephen Foster-Moore
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Florence, MA 01062
Not accepting new clients
My ideal client is a person who has gotten so stuck with emotional or medical challenges that these interfere with their ability to self-soothe, focus, make and execute constructive plans, get along with others or experience intimacy and connection with a mate or other fellow human beings. My ideal client wants to feel wanted and needed and yet may engage in unacknowledged self-defeating behaviors at home, at work or out in the larger social world worthy of inspection and “remodeling.” My ideal client is willing to make a commitment to a process of self-examination resulting in new efforts to make important changes in their life.
My ideal client is a person who has gotten so stuck with emotional or medical challenges that these interfere with their ability to self-soothe, focus, make and execute constructive plans, get along with others or experience intimacy and connection with a mate or other fellow human beings. My ideal client wants to feel wanted and needed and yet may engage in unacknowledged self-defeating behaviors at home, at work or out in the larger social world worthy of inspection and “remodeling.” My ideal client is willing to make a commitment to a process of self-examination resulting in new efforts to make important changes in their life.
(413) 666-1343 View (413) 666-1343
Photo of Patrick Rathbun, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Patrick Rathbun
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Florence, MA 01062
Waitlist for new clients
As Pema Chodron writes: "things are always in transition, if we could only realize it." Life's fluctuations are not easy, but I believe acceptance and self-kindness are essential to growth. Our ebbs and flows make things like our self-esteem hard to stabilize, but therapy can give us a truer evaluation of our worth.
As Pema Chodron writes: "things are always in transition, if we could only realize it." Life's fluctuations are not easy, but I believe acceptance and self-kindness are essential to growth. Our ebbs and flows make things like our self-esteem hard to stabilize, but therapy can give us a truer evaluation of our worth.
(413) 553-1380 View (413) 553-1380
Photo of Allie DiTucci, MSS, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Allie DiTucci
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Florence, MA 01062  (Online Only)
I come to private practice with a background in trauma, attachment, development, and identity, including an ongoing affiliation with the Cutchins Children’s Clinic. As a therapist, I partner with you to make sense of your story. Through this work, we often discover together that what’s happening for you in the present makes perfect sense given what you’ve lived through so far and the forces that have shaped you. With this understanding, you can more easily access softness toward yourself and others, and even find other ways of being.
I come to private practice with a background in trauma, attachment, development, and identity, including an ongoing affiliation with the Cutchins Children’s Clinic. As a therapist, I partner with you to make sense of your story. Through this work, we often discover together that what’s happening for you in the present makes perfect sense given what you’ve lived through so far and the forces that have shaped you. With this understanding, you can more easily access softness toward yourself and others, and even find other ways of being.
(413) 423-0897 View (413) 423-0897
Photo of Linda Tumbarello, LMHC, Counselor
Linda Tumbarello
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Florence, MA 01062
Linda is a pioneer in working with specialized body-mind healing and trauma, having developed the Tumbarello Approach to healing over the past 35 years. Her therapeutic approach supports each person to feel whole, using body-centered psychotherapy, therapeutic bodywork, Body-Mind Centering, embodiment practices, and movement. Many clients have worked with her to become free from emotional and physical pain and restrictions that have been in the way of their feeling at home in their own bodies. She has helped many to heal and to live more joyfully.
Linda is a pioneer in working with specialized body-mind healing and trauma, having developed the Tumbarello Approach to healing over the past 35 years. Her therapeutic approach supports each person to feel whole, using body-centered psychotherapy, therapeutic bodywork, Body-Mind Centering, embodiment practices, and movement. Many clients have worked with her to become free from emotional and physical pain and restrictions that have been in the way of their feeling at home in their own bodies. She has helped many to heal and to live more joyfully.
(413) 461-3761 View (413) 461-3761
Photo of Justine Sheffler, PsyD, Psychologist
Justine Sheffler
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Northampton, MA 01062  (Online Only)
As a humanistic therapist, I believe that healing is both a universal capacity and a profoundly personal process. My goal is to help you discover and expand your unique healing process, and to release the blocks that prevent you from realizing your potential. I have ten years’ experience in the mental health field, supporting clients in coping with depression, anxiety, grief, relationship challenges, difficulties with trust and self-esteem, life transitions, trauma, and a myriad of other challenges.
As a humanistic therapist, I believe that healing is both a universal capacity and a profoundly personal process. My goal is to help you discover and expand your unique healing process, and to release the blocks that prevent you from realizing your potential. I have ten years’ experience in the mental health field, supporting clients in coping with depression, anxiety, grief, relationship challenges, difficulties with trust and self-esteem, life transitions, trauma, and a myriad of other challenges.
(617) 819-0957 View (617) 819-0957
Photo of Rick McNeil, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rick McNeil
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Northampton, MA 01062
Not accepting new clients
As human beings, we are all seeking safety, joy and connection. Inevitably, roadblocks arise blocking this path. Luckily, the therapeutic process can help a person move through these obstacles. This could mean the dissolving of old wounds, cultivating more fulfilling relationships, or discovering a sense of freedom. The benefits and rewards of healing and growth far outweigh the burden of carrying old traumas and wounds. I would love to help you create a more fulfilling life! I enjoy working clients who wish to explore their authentic nature and are open to learning about their body and unconscious process. LGBTQ friendly.
As human beings, we are all seeking safety, joy and connection. Inevitably, roadblocks arise blocking this path. Luckily, the therapeutic process can help a person move through these obstacles. This could mean the dissolving of old wounds, cultivating more fulfilling relationships, or discovering a sense of freedom. The benefits and rewards of healing and growth far outweigh the burden of carrying old traumas and wounds. I would love to help you create a more fulfilling life! I enjoy working clients who wish to explore their authentic nature and are open to learning about their body and unconscious process. LGBTQ friendly.
(413) 335-7594 View (413) 335-7594
Photo of Miriam Greenbaum Solomon, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Miriam Greenbaum Solomon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Northampton, MA 01062  (Online Only)
When depression and anxiety become overwhelming, it can interfere with our ability to function on a very basic level. It can also prevent us from experiencing joy and purpose. I take a warm and engaging approach in guiding the therapeutic process for college students, professionals, parents (I'm one!), and seniors living with depression, anxiety, and trauma. My goal is to work together with my clients to navigate life's challenges and improve overall wellbeing.
When depression and anxiety become overwhelming, it can interfere with our ability to function on a very basic level. It can also prevent us from experiencing joy and purpose. I take a warm and engaging approach in guiding the therapeutic process for college students, professionals, parents (I'm one!), and seniors living with depression, anxiety, and trauma. My goal is to work together with my clients to navigate life's challenges and improve overall wellbeing.
(413) 277-7527 View (413) 277-7527
Photo of Simone Bernette Alter Muri, EdD, ATR-BC, LMHC, Counselor
Simone Bernette Alter Muri
Counselor, EdD, ATR-BC, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Northampton, MA 01062
As a psychotherapist and art therapist with over 30 years experience working with both children and adults, I specialize in tailoring my clinical approach to each individual. Drawing on a wide variety of therapeutic techniques, my practice is client-centered and eclectic. With children, I focus on play and art therapy; my work with adults weaves in positive psychology techniques, art therapy and humanistic therapies. I have been teaching therapy at the graduate level for 30 years. I also mentor and supervise individuals working towards their LMHC (Licensed mental health counselor) and ATR (Registered art therapist) certifications.
As a psychotherapist and art therapist with over 30 years experience working with both children and adults, I specialize in tailoring my clinical approach to each individual. Drawing on a wide variety of therapeutic techniques, my practice is client-centered and eclectic. With children, I focus on play and art therapy; my work with adults weaves in positive psychology techniques, art therapy and humanistic therapies. I have been teaching therapy at the graduate level for 30 years. I also mentor and supervise individuals working towards their LMHC (Licensed mental health counselor) and ATR (Registered art therapist) certifications.
(413) 251-6416 View (413) 251-6416
Photo of Andrea Tedesco, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Andrea Tedesco
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Northampton, MA 01062  (Online Only)
As a therapist, I start with one basic assumption: you are the expert of your own experience. My hope is to empower people to better understand those experiences or to bring in additional perspectives that might shed more light on aspects of one’s life.Informed by my background in queer theory, feminist theory, and anti-racist ideologies, I work with my clients to identify the external structures of power impacting their lives, then engage with the areas of their lives within their control where they can make changes and achieve their goals.
As a therapist, I start with one basic assumption: you are the expert of your own experience. My hope is to empower people to better understand those experiences or to bring in additional perspectives that might shed more light on aspects of one’s life.Informed by my background in queer theory, feminist theory, and anti-racist ideologies, I work with my clients to identify the external structures of power impacting their lives, then engage with the areas of their lives within their control where they can make changes and achieve their goals.
(413) 223-6871 View (413) 223-6871
Photo of Nicole Stevens, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nicole Stevens
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Florence, MA 01062  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Please note I am not accepting new clients. I work with adults who are going through difficult transitions in life (changed relationships, parenting, career moves, grief, postpartum depression and anxiety, menopause). I offer cognitive behavioral strategies, am solution focused, and provide a comfortable confidential space for my clients.
Please note I am not accepting new clients. I work with adults who are going through difficult transitions in life (changed relationships, parenting, career moves, grief, postpartum depression and anxiety, menopause). I offer cognitive behavioral strategies, am solution focused, and provide a comfortable confidential space for my clients.
(413) 285-3274 View (413) 285-3274
Photo of Phoebe Woerner, MSW, LICSW , Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Phoebe Woerner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Florence, MA 01062
Welcome! I am accepting new clients for September 2024. I work with children and teenagers and their adult caregivers and offer individual therapy, family therapy and parent/ caregiver consultation. I also meet with a limited number of adult individuals to support identity development, healing processes, and life transitions. I believe deeply in the innate wisdom and dignity within each of us and use playfulness, imagination and empathy to support you in honoring your strengths and hurts and moving on from patterns that may no longer serve you or your family.
Welcome! I am accepting new clients for September 2024. I work with children and teenagers and their adult caregivers and offer individual therapy, family therapy and parent/ caregiver consultation. I also meet with a limited number of adult individuals to support identity development, healing processes, and life transitions. I believe deeply in the innate wisdom and dignity within each of us and use playfulness, imagination and empathy to support you in honoring your strengths and hurts and moving on from patterns that may no longer serve you or your family.
(413) 216-4417 View (413) 216-4417
Photo of J Christopher Waisman, PhD, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
J Christopher Waisman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LICSW
Verified Verified
Florence, MA 01062  (Online Only)
During our lives, we can find ourselves in painful, often repetitive situations without understanding why. I provide a safe, thoughtful space in order to help expand both your understanding of problems, and your potential for change. I believe that we all have the talents, strengths and skills necessary to make meaningful changes in our lives, and I employ extensive therapeutic experience, professional knowledge, empathic curiosity, and playfulness in the treatment of individuals ages 11 and older, couples, and families. I look forward to helping you identify and achieve your life goals.
During our lives, we can find ourselves in painful, often repetitive situations without understanding why. I provide a safe, thoughtful space in order to help expand both your understanding of problems, and your potential for change. I believe that we all have the talents, strengths and skills necessary to make meaningful changes in our lives, and I employ extensive therapeutic experience, professional knowledge, empathic curiosity, and playfulness in the treatment of individuals ages 11 and older, couples, and families. I look forward to helping you identify and achieve your life goals.
(413) 206-2157 View (413) 206-2157
Photo of Jan Weiss, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jan Weiss
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Florence, MA 01062
Imagine sharing your most private thoughts and feelings, safely, and without risk, so that you get to know yourself more deeply. Neuroscience teaches us how emotions affect our behavior, how they are stored in the body, and how negative emotions can be healed. In my work, I utilize techniques that focus on the relationship and the feedback mechanisms between the mind and the body in order to promote deeper and more complete healing. I also help couples and families recognize patterns of behavior that contribute to misunderstanding, tension and conflict. My intention is to create a safe space that is non-judgmental, welcoming and warm.
Imagine sharing your most private thoughts and feelings, safely, and without risk, so that you get to know yourself more deeply. Neuroscience teaches us how emotions affect our behavior, how they are stored in the body, and how negative emotions can be healed. In my work, I utilize techniques that focus on the relationship and the feedback mechanisms between the mind and the body in order to promote deeper and more complete healing. I also help couples and families recognize patterns of behavior that contribute to misunderstanding, tension and conflict. My intention is to create a safe space that is non-judgmental, welcoming and warm.
(413) 251-6018 View (413) 251-6018
Photo of Tessa Corcoran-Sayers, LICSW, MEd, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tessa Corcoran-Sayers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MEd
Verified Verified
Northampton, MA 01062
I’m a white, cis, queer, fat femme clinical social worker from a working class background licensed in Massachusetts (LICSW) and Pennsylvania (LCSW). I recently relocated to western MA from Philly, where I began my practice. My areas of clinical interest include: queer and trans identities; issues surrounding sex and sexuality; fat liberation/body positivity; gender-based violence; ambiguous loss and complex grief; anxiety and depression; trauma; attachment and alternative family structures. I work from a trauma-informed and anti-oppressive framework with attention to how identities and larger systems intersect.
I’m a white, cis, queer, fat femme clinical social worker from a working class background licensed in Massachusetts (LICSW) and Pennsylvania (LCSW). I recently relocated to western MA from Philly, where I began my practice. My areas of clinical interest include: queer and trans identities; issues surrounding sex and sexuality; fat liberation/body positivity; gender-based violence; ambiguous loss and complex grief; anxiety and depression; trauma; attachment and alternative family structures. I work from a trauma-informed and anti-oppressive framework with attention to how identities and larger systems intersect.
(413) 402-6055 View (413) 402-6055
Photo of Thomas Harrigan, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Thomas Harrigan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Florence, MA 01062  (Online Only)
As an experienced clinician I have developed deep respect and broad appreciation for the complexities of life and relationships, context and environment, mind, body and spirit. The primary focus of my work has been treating the social/behavioral and mental health consequences arising from persistent unresolved issues, trauma and life transitions for individuals, couples and families. I will carefully consider your needs and concerns within your unique personal context and collaborate with you on a pragmatic and sustainable plan for resolution and an improved sense of well-being.
As an experienced clinician I have developed deep respect and broad appreciation for the complexities of life and relationships, context and environment, mind, body and spirit. The primary focus of my work has been treating the social/behavioral and mental health consequences arising from persistent unresolved issues, trauma and life transitions for individuals, couples and families. I will carefully consider your needs and concerns within your unique personal context and collaborate with you on a pragmatic and sustainable plan for resolution and an improved sense of well-being.
(413) 216-4260 View (413) 216-4260
Photo of Christa Colly, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Christa Colly
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Northampton, MA 01062  (Online Only)
Hello! I want to meet you where you are, understand your strengths, and support you in life’s transitions. We can focus on what matters to you now, whether that means developing a strong, authentic sense of self, increasing stress tolerance, becoming more skillful at emotional responses, or creating new patterns to replace old thoughts and help you move towards healing, health, and happiness.
Hello! I want to meet you where you are, understand your strengths, and support you in life’s transitions. We can focus on what matters to you now, whether that means developing a strong, authentic sense of self, increasing stress tolerance, becoming more skillful at emotional responses, or creating new patterns to replace old thoughts and help you move towards healing, health, and happiness.
(413) 599-3028 View (413) 599-3028
1

See more therapy options for 01062

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 01062

90+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in 01062 who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
91% Depression
88% Relationship Issues
84% Self Esteem
77% Trauma and PTSD
72% Grief
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

91% BlueCross and BlueShield
46% Optum
40% Health New England (HNE)

How Therapists in 01062 see their clients

73% In Person and Online
27% Online Only

Gender breakdown

69% Female
27% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 01062?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.