Photo of Rachel Goodman, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Rachel Goodman
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MFT
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19147
Approaching couples and family therapy with an open heart, practicality, and a foundation in research, I believe in optimistic realism. My mission is to help couples and families find greater contentment within their relationships. Together, we’ll strive to create a life imbued with peace and personal alignment. I specialize in Solutions Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT), which is a short-term option designed to help couples and families get on the right path quickly.
Approaching couples and family therapy with an open heart, practicality, and a foundation in research, I believe in optimistic realism. My mission is to help couples and families find greater contentment within their relationships. Together, we’ll strive to create a life imbued with peace and personal alignment. I specialize in Solutions Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT), which is a short-term option designed to help couples and families get on the right path quickly.
(267) 389-5733 View (267) 389-5733
Photo of Rebecca Clarke, MSW, LCSW, CCTP-II, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rebecca Clarke
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CCTP-II
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19147
I feel it is an honor and privilege to serve as a therapist. Creating a partnership with clients, I work to provide a safe, warm, nurturing and empathic space. My goal as an EMDR therapist is to work collaboratively with clients- creating transformative healing and change, and increasing self understanding and self compassion. I currently have availability for intensive EMDR- individually tailored (half, full or multi day therapy) in person at my Philadelphia location or online (PA and NJ residents).
I feel it is an honor and privilege to serve as a therapist. Creating a partnership with clients, I work to provide a safe, warm, nurturing and empathic space. My goal as an EMDR therapist is to work collaboratively with clients- creating transformative healing and change, and increasing self understanding and self compassion. I currently have availability for intensive EMDR- individually tailored (half, full or multi day therapy) in person at my Philadelphia location or online (PA and NJ residents).
(215) 337-2340 View (215) 337-2340
Photo of Robin Reese, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Robin Reese
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19147  (Online Only)
It’s natural to experience unhelpful patterns or symptoms when we've experienced trauma and adverse childhood experiences. We feel off balance, chronically stressed, anxious, or depressed. I prefer to view these symptoms as inner parts who need our attention and care. When these inner parts are healed, they feel less compelled to ruminate, obsess, or depress. That means there is more space for the qualities you want to have in your life, such as creativity, joy, confidence, clarity, peace, and presence.
It’s natural to experience unhelpful patterns or symptoms when we've experienced trauma and adverse childhood experiences. We feel off balance, chronically stressed, anxious, or depressed. I prefer to view these symptoms as inner parts who need our attention and care. When these inner parts are healed, they feel less compelled to ruminate, obsess, or depress. That means there is more space for the qualities you want to have in your life, such as creativity, joy, confidence, clarity, peace, and presence.
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Photo of Karen Libber Fishbein, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Karen Libber Fishbein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19147
Waitlist for new clients
Hello prospective clients! Do you find yourself overwhelmed and burned out by day-to-day life? Is it a struggle to feel calm and focused enough to work towards your goals? Are you then left feeling helpless, depleted, and stuck? Unresolved mental health issues can lead to an endless loop of frustration. I look forward to assisting you in breaking this cycle. I am a clinical social worker with over a decade of experience. My primary intention as a therapist is to understand and support clients in a holistic manner. Each of my sessions are tailored to meet clients' current needs, and also to encourage long-term growth and healing.
Hello prospective clients! Do you find yourself overwhelmed and burned out by day-to-day life? Is it a struggle to feel calm and focused enough to work towards your goals? Are you then left feeling helpless, depleted, and stuck? Unresolved mental health issues can lead to an endless loop of frustration. I look forward to assisting you in breaking this cycle. I am a clinical social worker with over a decade of experience. My primary intention as a therapist is to understand and support clients in a holistic manner. Each of my sessions are tailored to meet clients' current needs, and also to encourage long-term growth and healing.
(267) 458-3937 View (267) 458-3937
Photo of Lea Denlinger, Pre-Licensed Professional
Lea Denlinger
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19147
I am dedicated to helping my clients overcome challenges, find healing, and lead meaningful and satisfying lives through the power of safe connections and therapeutic support. I welcome individuals, couples, and families into my therapy room to help them address difficult patterns and thrive in their lives.
I am dedicated to helping my clients overcome challenges, find healing, and lead meaningful and satisfying lives through the power of safe connections and therapeutic support. I welcome individuals, couples, and families into my therapy room to help them address difficult patterns and thrive in their lives.
(267) 578-3069 View (267) 578-3069
Photo of Dr. Rachel Fallig, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Rachel Fallig
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19147  (Online Only)
Welcome! I am a licensed clinical psychologist in private practice, where I offer psychotherapy for adults of all ages and specialize in working with individuals in early to middle adulthood. I have a varied practice, with people coming to therapy for a wide range of reasons. Whether it's to navigate relationship issues, transitions or changes in life, anxiety, depression, sense of self, or you're feeling lonely, dissatisfied, stressed, empty or stuck - sometimes a little support can make a big difference. Across contexts, I provide identity affirming, culturally responsive, relationally focused care.
Welcome! I am a licensed clinical psychologist in private practice, where I offer psychotherapy for adults of all ages and specialize in working with individuals in early to middle adulthood. I have a varied practice, with people coming to therapy for a wide range of reasons. Whether it's to navigate relationship issues, transitions or changes in life, anxiety, depression, sense of self, or you're feeling lonely, dissatisfied, stressed, empty or stuck - sometimes a little support can make a big difference. Across contexts, I provide identity affirming, culturally responsive, relationally focused care.
(484) 207-5685 View (484) 207-5685
Photo of Karin Curtiss, PhD, Psychologist
Karin Curtiss
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19147  (Online Only)
In my practice I typically work with adults individually. Many of my clients have experienced problems with mood, particularly anxiety, depression, and other mood disorders. I especially enjoy working with individuals who are needing assistance with difficult relationships, trauma recovery, transitional life issues, and stress management. Additionally, I have extensive experience working with clients diagnosed with concurrent medical conditions.
In my practice I typically work with adults individually. Many of my clients have experienced problems with mood, particularly anxiety, depression, and other mood disorders. I especially enjoy working with individuals who are needing assistance with difficult relationships, trauma recovery, transitional life issues, and stress management. Additionally, I have extensive experience working with clients diagnosed with concurrent medical conditions.
(267) 589-1909 View (267) 589-1909
Photo of Aimee Bogan - Apricity Counseling, NCC, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Apricity Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, NCC, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19147  (Online Only)
Hi! I'm Aimee, founder of Apricity Counseling. I offer a comfortable, supportive, and empathetic space for clients to unpack the weight of their thoughts through the incorporation of humor, compassion, and appropriate self-disclosure. Bringing over a decade of experience working in mental health in various capacities, I view therapy as a collaborative process–I place a strong emphasis on ensuring clients feel connected, heard, and safe during each session.
Hi! I'm Aimee, founder of Apricity Counseling. I offer a comfortable, supportive, and empathetic space for clients to unpack the weight of their thoughts through the incorporation of humor, compassion, and appropriate self-disclosure. Bringing over a decade of experience working in mental health in various capacities, I view therapy as a collaborative process–I place a strong emphasis on ensuring clients feel connected, heard, and safe during each session.
(215) 883-8846 View (215) 883-8846
Photo of Julie VanNoord, MA, LCSW, CEAP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Julie VanNoord
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW, CEAP
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19147  (Online Only)
Julie has extensive experience and training in the treatment of mental health issues and workplace concerns. She has successfully treated depression and anxiety, grief and loss, LGBTQ issues, and trauma based dysfunction.
Julie has extensive experience and training in the treatment of mental health issues and workplace concerns. She has successfully treated depression and anxiety, grief and loss, LGBTQ issues, and trauma based dysfunction.
(267) 843-4136 View (267) 843-4136
Photo of Lauran Terragrossa, MSEd, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lauran Terragrossa
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19147  (Online Only)
Life can be difficult at times, but it can be even more challenging when you have anxiety, stress, negative beliefs, and unhealthy patterns getting in your way. I provide a safe space where we can process all of the uncomfortable thoughts and feelings that may arise in your daily life. It won't always be pretty, but that is when the healing begins. Let’s work together to explore yourself, dig deep and process the past, so that you can get the most out the the present. You don't have to feel stuck in your anxiety, negative patterns, or stress of everyday life anymore.
Life can be difficult at times, but it can be even more challenging when you have anxiety, stress, negative beliefs, and unhealthy patterns getting in your way. I provide a safe space where we can process all of the uncomfortable thoughts and feelings that may arise in your daily life. It won't always be pretty, but that is when the healing begins. Let’s work together to explore yourself, dig deep and process the past, so that you can get the most out the the present. You don't have to feel stuck in your anxiety, negative patterns, or stress of everyday life anymore.
(267) 902-2120 View (267) 902-2120
Photo of Madelyn Bernhardt, MSW, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Madelyn Bernhardt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19147  (Online Only)
As a therapist, I bring a warm and empathetic presence to our sessions believing in the power of connection and understanding. I use an integrative approach tailoring to the specific needs of children, adolescents, and young adults to support them on their unique journeys towards personal growth and well-being. My goal is to create a safe space where you feel free to express your thoughts and feelings in an atmosphere of unconditional positive regard and in confidence.
As a therapist, I bring a warm and empathetic presence to our sessions believing in the power of connection and understanding. I use an integrative approach tailoring to the specific needs of children, adolescents, and young adults to support them on their unique journeys towards personal growth and well-being. My goal is to create a safe space where you feel free to express your thoughts and feelings in an atmosphere of unconditional positive regard and in confidence.
(610) 708-0111 View (610) 708-0111
Photo of Salome Saah - Salome Saah, MS., MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Salome Saah, MS.
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19147  (Online Only)
Feeling numb and disconnected from your emotions? As a high-responsibility leader and caregiver, you juggle demanding roles and personal duties, often feeling overwhelmed. You need strategies to reconnect with and manage your feelings, to experience joy, fulfillment, and a sense of presence. Imagine feeling emotionally connected and truly present in your life. Our therapy sessions offer the tools and support to help you reach the root cause of the matter and achieve these goals, leading to a more balanced and fulfilling life. Reclaim your emotional well-being and start living fully again. Let me help you find your way back to joy.
Feeling numb and disconnected from your emotions? As a high-responsibility leader and caregiver, you juggle demanding roles and personal duties, often feeling overwhelmed. You need strategies to reconnect with and manage your feelings, to experience joy, fulfillment, and a sense of presence. Imagine feeling emotionally connected and truly present in your life. Our therapy sessions offer the tools and support to help you reach the root cause of the matter and achieve these goals, leading to a more balanced and fulfilling life. Reclaim your emotional well-being and start living fully again. Let me help you find your way back to joy.
(267) 489-2785 View (267) 489-2785
Photo of Amy Wojenski, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amy Wojenski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19147
Do you frequently think “what’s wrong with me?” or “no one likes me" or "the world is completely against me”. Does everything feels like an uphill battle or a heavy weight on your shoulders? Maybe you feel empty all the time, or like you have a lump in your throat. Perhaps you keep on making the same mistakes. Mistakes that cause you, and at times others, hurt. If any of this resonates with you, first off, realize that nothing is "wrong" with you. You need a non-judgmental ear who gets where you are coming from, can help guide you through these feelings, and give you tools and hope.
Do you frequently think “what’s wrong with me?” or “no one likes me" or "the world is completely against me”. Does everything feels like an uphill battle or a heavy weight on your shoulders? Maybe you feel empty all the time, or like you have a lump in your throat. Perhaps you keep on making the same mistakes. Mistakes that cause you, and at times others, hurt. If any of this resonates with you, first off, realize that nothing is "wrong" with you. You need a non-judgmental ear who gets where you are coming from, can help guide you through these feelings, and give you tools and hope.
(484) 917-2574 View (484) 917-2574
Photo of Kavita Tahilani, PhD, Psychologist
Kavita Tahilani
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19147  (Online Only)
I view therapy as a collaborative process and will work with you to identify appropriate goals, customize the treatment plan to fit your needs, and meet you where you are. I can flexibly implement evidence-based treatments to effect real, measurable change in your life based on therapeutic approaches that have known efficacy in the community. One of the most critical pieces of therapy is a strong therapeutic alliance so it is important to me to hear from you about your experience in therapy, what your strengths are and what makes your life worth living.
I view therapy as a collaborative process and will work with you to identify appropriate goals, customize the treatment plan to fit your needs, and meet you where you are. I can flexibly implement evidence-based treatments to effect real, measurable change in your life based on therapeutic approaches that have known efficacy in the community. One of the most critical pieces of therapy is a strong therapeutic alliance so it is important to me to hear from you about your experience in therapy, what your strengths are and what makes your life worth living.
(844) 287-4228 View (844) 287-4228
Photo of Sarah Waxman, MSS, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah Waxman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19147
Identifying a need for support and reaching out for help can feel vulnerable. In my practice, I foster a safe and nurturing environment to support your journey of self-exploration and healing. I see myself as a partner in your process. My style is warm and compassionate and I employ an integrative, collaborative and creative approach to therapy. I carefully attend to how our social location in the world and intersecting identities influence individual experience. We will begin by building an authentic relationship and co-creating a direction that fits your individual, therapeutic needs.
Identifying a need for support and reaching out for help can feel vulnerable. In my practice, I foster a safe and nurturing environment to support your journey of self-exploration and healing. I see myself as a partner in your process. My style is warm and compassionate and I employ an integrative, collaborative and creative approach to therapy. I carefully attend to how our social location in the world and intersecting identities influence individual experience. We will begin by building an authentic relationship and co-creating a direction that fits your individual, therapeutic needs.
(267) 214-8913 View (267) 214-8913
Photo of Dr. Katelyn Coffey, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Katelyn Coffey
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19147  (Online Only)
Hello! I am a licensed clinical psychologist and I offer therapy and psychological assessment services to adults across the lifespan. I work with individuals and families to navigate life challenges, gain insight and perspective, aid in healing, and help foster better relationships. Every individual is unique, and therefore every person I meet with receives tailored support. I work from a culturally aware, trauma-informed, open, and non-judgmental perspective. My approach is integrative, supportive, collaborative, and authentic.
Hello! I am a licensed clinical psychologist and I offer therapy and psychological assessment services to adults across the lifespan. I work with individuals and families to navigate life challenges, gain insight and perspective, aid in healing, and help foster better relationships. Every individual is unique, and therefore every person I meet with receives tailored support. I work from a culturally aware, trauma-informed, open, and non-judgmental perspective. My approach is integrative, supportive, collaborative, and authentic.
(610) 553-6476 View (610) 553-6476
Photo of Hannah Reiser, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Hannah Reiser
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19147
All people experience hardships that can put them in a rut or lead to burnout. Whatever stressor you may be facing, my goal is to use a trauma-informed, holistic lens to work with you to better understand and accept your emotions, introduce new perspectives, and create steps toward change using your unique strengths. One of the most essential components of therapy is ensuring that you feel safe and comfortable to open up about your innermost feelings and beliefs. I strive to make you feel accepted and empowered to express your needs and create tailored goals in treatment using a collaborative approach.
All people experience hardships that can put them in a rut or lead to burnout. Whatever stressor you may be facing, my goal is to use a trauma-informed, holistic lens to work with you to better understand and accept your emotions, introduce new perspectives, and create steps toward change using your unique strengths. One of the most essential components of therapy is ensuring that you feel safe and comfortable to open up about your innermost feelings and beliefs. I strive to make you feel accepted and empowered to express your needs and create tailored goals in treatment using a collaborative approach.
(484) 878-4543 View (484) 878-4543
Photo of Christine Ruberti-Bruning, MA, ATR-BC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Christine Ruberti-Bruning
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, ATR-BC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19147
It can be hard to face our feelings, and sometimes challenging to put them into words. Our deepest, most painful experiences can be overwhelming and scary. I’m here to hold a safe space to help you work through whatever issue that is troubling you. My aim as a therapist is to help you find ways to heal and access a more authentic self. I will help you find your strengths, and guide you through areas in your life that need change. If you are struggling with an eating disorder, disordered eating, body image concerns or chronic dieting, I would love to help.
It can be hard to face our feelings, and sometimes challenging to put them into words. Our deepest, most painful experiences can be overwhelming and scary. I’m here to hold a safe space to help you work through whatever issue that is troubling you. My aim as a therapist is to help you find ways to heal and access a more authentic self. I will help you find your strengths, and guide you through areas in your life that need change. If you are struggling with an eating disorder, disordered eating, body image concerns or chronic dieting, I would love to help.
(484) 388-4141 View (484) 388-4141
Photo of Kelly Stavrides, LPC, Counselor
Kelly Stavrides
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19147  (Online Only)
I have a lot of experience working with clients dealing with mood issues, anxiety, and trauma. For many of my clients, these three issues overlap and create the perfect storm, so to speak, causing significant issues with quality of life and relationships, among other issues. I also have worked extensively with women, and individuals who identify as LGBTQ+ and the queer community. As a woman and the member of the queer community, I share some lived experiences with these clients and work to bring that connect to the therapeutic relationship.
I have a lot of experience working with clients dealing with mood issues, anxiety, and trauma. For many of my clients, these three issues overlap and create the perfect storm, so to speak, causing significant issues with quality of life and relationships, among other issues. I also have worked extensively with women, and individuals who identify as LGBTQ+ and the queer community. As a woman and the member of the queer community, I share some lived experiences with these clients and work to bring that connect to the therapeutic relationship.
(267) 458-7026 View (267) 458-7026
Photo of Nashonne Watson - Nashonne Watson Counseling Services, LLC, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Nashonne Watson Counseling Services, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19147  (Online Only)
I am Nashonne, a licensed professional counselor in the state of Pennsylvania. In my 13 years of counseling experience I have built an eclectic toolbox of counseling skills geared towards helping the client to feel safe to work towards their goals, allow themselves to be vulnerable and facilitate emotional growth. I believe the therapeutic relationship is most important in counseling. I have learned this through my experiences working in multiple settings including: community mental health, private practice, homeless shelters, department of corrections, and both inpatient and outpatient substance use treatment.
I am Nashonne, a licensed professional counselor in the state of Pennsylvania. In my 13 years of counseling experience I have built an eclectic toolbox of counseling skills geared towards helping the client to feel safe to work towards their goals, allow themselves to be vulnerable and facilitate emotional growth. I believe the therapeutic relationship is most important in counseling. I have learned this through my experiences working in multiple settings including: community mental health, private practice, homeless shelters, department of corrections, and both inpatient and outpatient substance use treatment.
(267) 389-5653 View (267) 389-5653
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See more therapy options for 19147

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 19147

300+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in 19147 who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
88% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Trauma and PTSD
70% Self Esteem
69% Life Transitions
64% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Aetna
58% Highmark
50% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in 19147 see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
17% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 19147?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.