Therapists in Reedley, CA

Photo of Eileen M Sandoval - Eileen M Sandoval, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Eileen M Sandoval
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Reedley, CA 93654
Not accepting new clients
Life can be wonderful, joyful, and beautiful. It can also be difficult, stressful, and overwhelming. You must have heard at some point the statement, “This too shall pass,” from a friend, loved one or an acquaintance. Yet there is still the feeling of unprocessed and unvalidated emotion left to address. Allow the healing to begin as you work through those difficult moments in a safe space.
Life can be wonderful, joyful, and beautiful. It can also be difficult, stressful, and overwhelming. You must have heard at some point the statement, “This too shall pass,” from a friend, loved one or an acquaintance. Yet there is still the feeling of unprocessed and unvalidated emotion left to address. Allow the healing to begin as you work through those difficult moments in a safe space.
(559) 234-4575 View (559) 234-4575
Photo of Leanna Edwards, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Leanna Edwards
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Reedley, CA 93654
My name is Leanna Edwards and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). I specialize in helping those experiencing anxiety, stress, chronic illness, cancer, life transitions, grief, and loss. I mainly practice Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Strength-Based Therapy and Mindfulness to help individuals have a deeper understanding of themselves and reach their personal therapy goals. My approach to therapy is integrative and person-centered. I most frequently utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Strength Based Therapy and Mindfulness.
My name is Leanna Edwards and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). I specialize in helping those experiencing anxiety, stress, chronic illness, cancer, life transitions, grief, and loss. I mainly practice Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Strength-Based Therapy and Mindfulness to help individuals have a deeper understanding of themselves and reach their personal therapy goals. My approach to therapy is integrative and person-centered. I most frequently utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Strength Based Therapy and Mindfulness.
(559) 234-0838 View (559) 234-0838
Photo of Jessica Davis, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jessica Davis
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Reedley, CA 93654
My name is Jessica Davis and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I am extensively trained in DBT and CBT and experienced in working on anxiety reduction and building coping skills. I work with a range of individuals, couples, families, and children. I welcome all sexual and gender identities, making LGBTIAQ+ affirming space a priority in my diverse practice. My primary work is rooted in anxiety reduction/management and mindfulness training. With my extensive training in DBT, my competencies expand to Borderline Personality disorder, self-harm, and suicidal ideation.
My name is Jessica Davis and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I am extensively trained in DBT and CBT and experienced in working on anxiety reduction and building coping skills. I work with a range of individuals, couples, families, and children. I welcome all sexual and gender identities, making LGBTIAQ+ affirming space a priority in my diverse practice. My primary work is rooted in anxiety reduction/management and mindfulness training. With my extensive training in DBT, my competencies expand to Borderline Personality disorder, self-harm, and suicidal ideation.
(559) 238-0939 View (559) 238-0939
Photo of Christina Rodriguez, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Christina Rodriguez
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Reedley, CA 93654  (Online Only)
You feel numb and hopeless. This feeling of loneliness feels hollow and empty and no one seems to get it. You feel as though the waves are crashing down on you and you cant catch a break. No one understands the pain, the hurt, the bad thoughts that scare you to death. You question your existence. You question if there is a high power, a light, just something to ease these feelings for just a day. I am here here to say, there is hope. I will give you the ladder and help you climb out of that dark hole and you will be able to live life again.
You feel numb and hopeless. This feeling of loneliness feels hollow and empty and no one seems to get it. You feel as though the waves are crashing down on you and you cant catch a break. No one understands the pain, the hurt, the bad thoughts that scare you to death. You question your existence. You question if there is a high power, a light, just something to ease these feelings for just a day. I am here here to say, there is hope. I will give you the ladder and help you climb out of that dark hole and you will be able to live life again.
(559) 234-0644 View (559) 234-0644
Photo of Jose Manuel Tamez, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jose Manuel Tamez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Reedley, CA 93654
Hi, I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I have been in the counseling field for over 20 years. Through my years of experience, I have helped adults, young adults, adolescence, and children to manage anxiety, depression, stress, and family related conflicts. As a therapist My passion is and has been to help individuals become the best versions of themselves.
Hi, I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I have been in the counseling field for over 20 years. Through my years of experience, I have helped adults, young adults, adolescence, and children to manage anxiety, depression, stress, and family related conflicts. As a therapist My passion is and has been to help individuals become the best versions of themselves.
(559) 379-5542 View (559) 379-5542
Photo of Horacio Renteria, MDiv, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Horacio Renteria
Marriage & Family Therapist, MDiv, LMFT
Verified Verified
Reedley, CA 93654
Sometimes, you just need some support. Life is full of challenges, but you don’t have to face them all alone. That’s what I am here to do: help you overcome stress, depression, anxiety, and any other issues that may be inhibiting your mental health, relationships, and success. I have been a therapist for almost 10 years now, and I have worked with a large range of clients: from individuals of all ages, to couples, to families.
Sometimes, you just need some support. Life is full of challenges, but you don’t have to face them all alone. That’s what I am here to do: help you overcome stress, depression, anxiety, and any other issues that may be inhibiting your mental health, relationships, and success. I have been a therapist for almost 10 years now, and I have worked with a large range of clients: from individuals of all ages, to couples, to families.
(559) 318-7123 View (559) 318-7123
Photo of Elijah Chance, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Elijah Chance
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Reedley, CA 93654
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in California with over five years of experience. I have worked with clients with various concerns, including self-esteem, self-worth, depression, anxiety, family issues, relationship issues, career challenges, and grief & loss.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in California with over five years of experience. I have worked with clients with various concerns, including self-esteem, self-worth, depression, anxiety, family issues, relationship issues, career challenges, and grief & loss.
(323) 312-3774 View (323) 312-3774
Photo of Ryan Silva, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ryan Silva
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Reedley, CA 93654
My name is Ryan Silva, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. My approach to therapy remains consistent and authentic in all interactions, emphasizing the importance of trust and openness within the therapeutic relationship. My goal is to collaboratively set meaningful and achievable objectives with clients to empower them to achieve personal growth and well-being.
My name is Ryan Silva, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. My approach to therapy remains consistent and authentic in all interactions, emphasizing the importance of trust and openness within the therapeutic relationship. My goal is to collaboratively set meaningful and achievable objectives with clients to empower them to achieve personal growth and well-being.
(818) 740-6989 View (818) 740-6989
Photo of Charmaine Rable, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Charmaine Rable
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Reedley, CA 93654
My name is Charmaine Rable, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I have a collaborative approach to therapy in which I strive to create a safe comfortable space that encourages an authentic therapeutic relationship to develop naturally. I focus on symptom relief, improving daily functioning and quality of life. Clients that experience low self-esteem, anxiety, and job stress. interpersonal conflict, and life transitions. I am comfortable treating ADHD, Social Anxiety, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and Anger Management.
My name is Charmaine Rable, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I have a collaborative approach to therapy in which I strive to create a safe comfortable space that encourages an authentic therapeutic relationship to develop naturally. I focus on symptom relief, improving daily functioning and quality of life. Clients that experience low self-esteem, anxiety, and job stress. interpersonal conflict, and life transitions. I am comfortable treating ADHD, Social Anxiety, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and Anger Management.
(626) 646-5245 View (626) 646-5245
Photo of Sommer Harriman, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sommer Harriman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Reedley, CA 93654
Hi, my name is Sommer Harriman LCSW 108254. I have learned that navigating through this life can feel challenging and overwhelming. My goal is to offer a space that is nonjudgemental and client-centered. I believe in giving individuals the tools to not only survive but thrive in their life and find a path toward their authentic selves. My passion lies in giving individuals the time to sit in their space and allow them to explore the dark parts that can sometimes feel too big to look at.
Hi, my name is Sommer Harriman LCSW 108254. I have learned that navigating through this life can feel challenging and overwhelming. My goal is to offer a space that is nonjudgemental and client-centered. I believe in giving individuals the tools to not only survive but thrive in their life and find a path toward their authentic selves. My passion lies in giving individuals the time to sit in their space and allow them to explore the dark parts that can sometimes feel too big to look at.
(805) 624-3695 View (805) 624-3695
Photo of Dino Koutsolioutsos, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Dino Koutsolioutsos
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Reedley, CA 93654
I am Dino Koutsolioutsos and I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist since the mid-1980s. I consider psychotherapy a good, but not a necessary, tool to address and explore life issues. I approach therapy as a friend and as another human being in the struggle and joy that is called life. My approach to therapy is instinctive, conversational, and relational. I believe my duty as a therapist is first, to listen, to try to understand, to empathize, and relate to the issues of another human being and then to respond and assist the other person in finding solutions to life's challenges and grow.
I am Dino Koutsolioutsos and I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist since the mid-1980s. I consider psychotherapy a good, but not a necessary, tool to address and explore life issues. I approach therapy as a friend and as another human being in the struggle and joy that is called life. My approach to therapy is instinctive, conversational, and relational. I believe my duty as a therapist is first, to listen, to try to understand, to empathize, and relate to the issues of another human being and then to respond and assist the other person in finding solutions to life's challenges and grow.
(559) 663-0849 View (559) 663-0849
Photo of Delmy Portillo, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Delmy Portillo
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Reedley, CA 93654
Hi, my name is Delmy Portillo, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who practices primarily Psychodynamic therapy. I enjoy supporting my clients to find meaning, purpose, healing, and growth in various areas of their lives. My areas of focus are relational dynamics, maladaptive coping skills, and identity. I primarily work from a Psychodynamic approach and use other modalities such as Client-Centered, Gestalt, and Cognitive Behavioral. I will meet you with empathy, validation, and unconditional positive regard.
Hi, my name is Delmy Portillo, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who practices primarily Psychodynamic therapy. I enjoy supporting my clients to find meaning, purpose, healing, and growth in various areas of their lives. My areas of focus are relational dynamics, maladaptive coping skills, and identity. I primarily work from a Psychodynamic approach and use other modalities such as Client-Centered, Gestalt, and Cognitive Behavioral. I will meet you with empathy, validation, and unconditional positive regard.
(323) 673-2551 View (323) 673-2551
Photo of Brynne Macphail, LCP, Psychologist
Brynne Macphail
Psychologist, LCP
Verified Verified
Reedley, CA 93654
I am Dr. Brynne MacPhail, a licensed clinical psychologist in California. Seeking therapy is often a complex decision as it may mean there are certain life stressors, addictions, anxiety, depression, or circumstances that feel out of our control. However, seeking the help you need is important to getting back to living the life that you want. Together, we can work towards improving life balance, coping, and finding meaning in your life. The process of understanding ourselves is vital for personal growth and success.
I am Dr. Brynne MacPhail, a licensed clinical psychologist in California. Seeking therapy is often a complex decision as it may mean there are certain life stressors, addictions, anxiety, depression, or circumstances that feel out of our control. However, seeking the help you need is important to getting back to living the life that you want. Together, we can work towards improving life balance, coping, and finding meaning in your life. The process of understanding ourselves is vital for personal growth and success.
(916) 623-7383 View (916) 623-7383
Photo of Tanja A Fridolfs, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Tanja A Fridolfs
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Reedley, CA 93654
Are you feeling overwhelmed or out of control in your life? Maybe you are feeling sad or anxious and it doesn’t seem to pass. Does every interaction with your spouse or someone close to you turn into a fight? Life circumstances can leave us feeling hopeless. We all struggle at times. Together we will focus on you as a whole person, including: mind, body, faith and relationships. Discovering new ways to connect with your own feelings, connect with loved ones and live a fulfilling life are all possible. We will work together to help you better understand yourself, make healthy choices, heal, and create fufilling relationships.
Are you feeling overwhelmed or out of control in your life? Maybe you are feeling sad or anxious and it doesn’t seem to pass. Does every interaction with your spouse or someone close to you turn into a fight? Life circumstances can leave us feeling hopeless. We all struggle at times. Together we will focus on you as a whole person, including: mind, body, faith and relationships. Discovering new ways to connect with your own feelings, connect with loved ones and live a fulfilling life are all possible. We will work together to help you better understand yourself, make healthy choices, heal, and create fufilling relationships.
(559) 527-5906 View (559) 527-5906
The Allen H. Middleton Veterans Counseling Clinic
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Reedley, CA 93654
If you suffer from debilitating panic attacks, persistent worry, fears or phobias, or stress from trauma experiences, help is available. We work to help patients better understand and manage the physical and psychological effects of anxiety disorders. Through personalized treatment, we can examine the causes of your anxiety, analyze the emotions associated with it, and reveal how you can change the resulting negative thoughts and behaviors. Our goal is to help you experience freedom from the debilitating effects of anxiety disorders and improve your quality of life.
If you suffer from debilitating panic attacks, persistent worry, fears or phobias, or stress from trauma experiences, help is available. We work to help patients better understand and manage the physical and psychological effects of anxiety disorders. Through personalized treatment, we can examine the causes of your anxiety, analyze the emotions associated with it, and reveal how you can change the resulting negative thoughts and behaviors. Our goal is to help you experience freedom from the debilitating effects of anxiety disorders and improve your quality of life.
(559) 201-7573 View (559) 201-7573
Photo of Hector E Cabrera - SJET Clinical Services, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
SJET Clinical Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Reedley, CA 93654
Ever ask yourself what is happening to me? What can I do to feel better? Why am I so sad/anxious/angry? Life is hard. Even those who are optimistic and resilient have difficult times that are overwhelming. We all face challenges at times that can be insurmountable. My therapeutic approach encourages you to identify how your thoughts affect your feelings, it assists people see how their past impacts their present and future, and assists in developing the skills needed to overcome mental health discomfort
Ever ask yourself what is happening to me? What can I do to feel better? Why am I so sad/anxious/angry? Life is hard. Even those who are optimistic and resilient have difficult times that are overwhelming. We all face challenges at times that can be insurmountable. My therapeutic approach encourages you to identify how your thoughts affect your feelings, it assists people see how their past impacts their present and future, and assists in developing the skills needed to overcome mental health discomfort
(559) 827-4329 View (559) 827-4329
Photo of Guadalupe Vaca, LMFT, PPS, Marriage & Family Therapist
Guadalupe Vaca
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PPS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Reedley, CA 93654  (Online Only)
Welcome. Bienvenido/a. I am a bilingual therapist (English/Spanish) with 25 years of experience working with individuals and families. Life can be beautiful, but at times, can be filled with struggles, confusion, and painful experiences. It may also be a time of self discovery, self awareness, a time to thrive and heal. We will work together to formulate a treatment plan that fits your needs, based on your values while honoring your culture and your spirituality. Therapy is about providing you with a genuine, safe, and supportive environment. Please contact me if you have any questions or to schedule an appointment today.
Welcome. Bienvenido/a. I am a bilingual therapist (English/Spanish) with 25 years of experience working with individuals and families. Life can be beautiful, but at times, can be filled with struggles, confusion, and painful experiences. It may also be a time of self discovery, self awareness, a time to thrive and heal. We will work together to formulate a treatment plan that fits your needs, based on your values while honoring your culture and your spirituality. Therapy is about providing you with a genuine, safe, and supportive environment. Please contact me if you have any questions or to schedule an appointment today.
(559) 484-2376 View (559) 484-2376
Photo of Stephanie Zimmerman, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Stephanie Zimmerman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Reedley, CA 93654
Every individual, couple, parent or family comes with their own individual needs. My goal as a therapist is to journey with my client towards healing from our pain, feeling empowered as a person and living with healthy boundaries. My approach towards this is to develop awareness into how thoughts affect feelings and lead to actions, develop healthy coping skills and address how past experiences can influence present situations.
Every individual, couple, parent or family comes with their own individual needs. My goal as a therapist is to journey with my client towards healing from our pain, feeling empowered as a person and living with healthy boundaries. My approach towards this is to develop awareness into how thoughts affect feelings and lead to actions, develop healthy coping skills and address how past experiences can influence present situations.
(559) 495-9231 View (559) 495-9231
Photo of Renee Bond, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Renee Bond
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Reedley, CA 93654
In between school, work, family commitments, and personal relationships, life can become very busy. Sometimes stressors or unplanned events can throw life out of balance, and we need a little extra support to adjust. Let me help you learn tools to respond to these challenges. Hi, I'm Renee Bond. I'm a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in the state of California and Texas. I have been working in the mental health field for almost 17 years. I started my career in a school counseling office and then moved into providing services for an outpatient clinic.
In between school, work, family commitments, and personal relationships, life can become very busy. Sometimes stressors or unplanned events can throw life out of balance, and we need a little extra support to adjust. Let me help you learn tools to respond to these challenges. Hi, I'm Renee Bond. I'm a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in the state of California and Texas. I have been working in the mental health field for almost 17 years. I started my career in a school counseling office and then moved into providing services for an outpatient clinic.
(559) 338-6918 View (559) 338-6918
Photo of Sara Tousi, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sara Tousi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Reedley, CA 93654
My name is Sara Tousi, and I am an LCSW. As a clinical social worker, supporting clients to overcome barriers to their various treatments is an important aspect and an integral part of my social work practice. I have over 15 years of experience working with clients from various backgrounds. I have vast experience working with individuals who struggle with anxiety, depression, and mood disorders and as well as with individuals that are experiencing grief and loss, trauma, PTSD, and relationship and work stressors. I utilize a variety of therapy modalities in order to support clients in meeting their treatment goals.
My name is Sara Tousi, and I am an LCSW. As a clinical social worker, supporting clients to overcome barriers to their various treatments is an important aspect and an integral part of my social work practice. I have over 15 years of experience working with clients from various backgrounds. I have vast experience working with individuals who struggle with anxiety, depression, and mood disorders and as well as with individuals that are experiencing grief and loss, trauma, PTSD, and relationship and work stressors. I utilize a variety of therapy modalities in order to support clients in meeting their treatment goals.
(323) 205-7791 View (323) 205-7791
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Reedley, CA

30+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Reedley, CA who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
86% Depression
84% Coping Skills
62% Relationship Issues
62% Stress
57% Self Esteem
54% Grief

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Aetna
83% Managed Health Network (MHN)
83% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Reedley, CA see their clients

90% In Person and Online
10% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
22% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Reedley?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.