Trauma and PTSD Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA

Photo of Nico’Lee Biddle, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nico’Lee Biddle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15234
I provide a safe, supportive, and affirming environment where we will explore your thoughts, feelings, and beliefs about yourself and the world, and how your traumatic experiences may be showing up in your current life.
Everyone experiences trauma, but for some, those experiences can feel too big to handle alone. My name is Nico’Lee Biddle, and I specialize in working with individuals who have experienced complex trauma, depression, and anxiety. I have 10 years of experience working with individuals whose lives have been impacted by experiencing something beyond their control, such as foster care, parental substance abuse or mental health, and overall life transitions. I have an eclectic therapeutic approach where I use elements of cognitive behavioral therapy, narrative and talk therapy, and trauma-focused therapy.
I provide a safe, supportive, and affirming environment where we will explore your thoughts, feelings, and beliefs about yourself and the world, and how your traumatic experiences may be showing up in your current life.
Everyone experiences trauma, but for some, those experiences can feel too big to handle alone. My name is Nico’Lee Biddle, and I specialize in working with individuals who have experienced complex trauma, depression, and anxiety. I have 10 years of experience working with individuals whose lives have been impacted by experiencing something beyond their control, such as foster care, parental substance abuse or mental health, and overall life transitions. I have an eclectic therapeutic approach where I use elements of cognitive behavioral therapy, narrative and talk therapy, and trauma-focused therapy.
(412) 501-4645 View (412) 501-4645
Photo of Sydney Stephenson, MS, NCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sydney Stephenson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15218
In the words of Mr. Rogers, “Play is really the work of childhood." I see kids who have prenatal, preverbal, or early childhood trauma; attachment and behavioral issues; or struggle with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and anger. I will work with you to create a flexible treatment plan tailored to your child's individual needs, using techniques like prescriptive play therapy, filial therapy, expressive arts, sandtray, geek therapy, and attachment-based activities to directly address and heal the impact of stress on the body and brain. I help identify the reasons for children’s behavior and healthier ways to meet those needs.
In the words of Mr. Rogers, “Play is really the work of childhood." I see kids who have prenatal, preverbal, or early childhood trauma; attachment and behavioral issues; or struggle with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and anger. I will work with you to create a flexible treatment plan tailored to your child's individual needs, using techniques like prescriptive play therapy, filial therapy, expressive arts, sandtray, geek therapy, and attachment-based activities to directly address and heal the impact of stress on the body and brain. I help identify the reasons for children’s behavior and healthier ways to meet those needs.
(412) 214-8961 View (412) 214-8961
Photo of Madde Whitney, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Madde Whitney
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15228
I practice a person-centered, trauma focused therapy and specialize in treating trauma with EMDR therapy.
"The past affects the present, even without our being aware of it." -Francine Shapiro- Whether we are aware or not, distressing events we have experienced can be negatively affecting our day to day lives. Trauma and stress can leave us feeling alone, broken, on edge, angry, or sad. You have taken the first step towards your growth and healing by exploring therapy.
I practice a person-centered, trauma focused therapy and specialize in treating trauma with EMDR therapy.
"The past affects the present, even without our being aware of it." -Francine Shapiro- Whether we are aware or not, distressing events we have experienced can be negatively affecting our day to day lives. Trauma and stress can leave us feeling alone, broken, on edge, angry, or sad. You have taken the first step towards your growth and healing by exploring therapy.
(412) 844-5560 View (412) 844-5560
Photo of Veronica Dance - Purpose Builders LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Purpose Builders LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15206
Specializing in men's issues, women issues, trauma, anxiety, depression, ambivalence, children's behavioral issues, Christian counseling, and life transitions.
Why am I here? Why does everything seem so hard and complex? If you find yourself asking questions like these than Purpose Builders can help you find the answers. So often there is a disconnect between a person's aspirations and their realities of life. Purpose Builders LLC provides behavioral health services to individuals, couples, and groups (children, teenagers, and adults) who desire change and progress in their lives. Purpose Builders invest in people, not programs through counseling, coaching and mentoring. Purpose Builders believe a person's wellbeing should include physical, mental and spiritual wellness.
Specializing in men's issues, women issues, trauma, anxiety, depression, ambivalence, children's behavioral issues, Christian counseling, and life transitions.
Why am I here? Why does everything seem so hard and complex? If you find yourself asking questions like these than Purpose Builders can help you find the answers. So often there is a disconnect between a person's aspirations and their realities of life. Purpose Builders LLC provides behavioral health services to individuals, couples, and groups (children, teenagers, and adults) who desire change and progress in their lives. Purpose Builders invest in people, not programs through counseling, coaching and mentoring. Purpose Builders believe a person's wellbeing should include physical, mental and spiritual wellness.
(878) 206-1949 View (878) 206-1949
Photo of Kierra Price, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kierra Price
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15226
Struggling with mental health and life transitions are extremely difficult. The hardest part about facing these challenges is asking for help and being open to accepting that help. But look.. you've made it here. You are looking to overcome the most difficult hurdle to addressing the issues you've identified in your life. If you struggle with depression, anxiety, trauma, relationships, identity, grief, eating disordered behaviors, and more, I'm here to support you on your journey of healing. I am interested in clients who bring their unique and authentic perspectives to the counseling space and helping them construct their stories.
Struggling with mental health and life transitions are extremely difficult. The hardest part about facing these challenges is asking for help and being open to accepting that help. But look.. you've made it here. You are looking to overcome the most difficult hurdle to addressing the issues you've identified in your life. If you struggle with depression, anxiety, trauma, relationships, identity, grief, eating disordered behaviors, and more, I'm here to support you on your journey of healing. I am interested in clients who bring their unique and authentic perspectives to the counseling space and helping them construct their stories.
(412) 998-7399 View (412) 998-7399
Photo of Dorothy L Ingram - Peace and Perspective Counseling, LLC, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Peace and Perspective Counseling, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15206
I specialize in addressing addiction, trauma, life transitions, grief/loss, chronic pain/medical issues, depression and anxiety among other life concerns.
Please note the location change! In these times of uncertainty, everyone could use a little support. As a licensed professional counselor with over 15 years of experience in mental health and substance abuse treatment, I'm here to support you, whether you're looking to learn how to better manage stress, a chronic health condition, heal trauma, resolve family conflict, substance abuse/dependency, grief/loss, or manage a mood disorder. We partner together to tailor therapy that addresses your individual needs. Change is always possible and I'd be honored to be a part of your journey.
I specialize in addressing addiction, trauma, life transitions, grief/loss, chronic pain/medical issues, depression and anxiety among other life concerns.
Please note the location change! In these times of uncertainty, everyone could use a little support. As a licensed professional counselor with over 15 years of experience in mental health and substance abuse treatment, I'm here to support you, whether you're looking to learn how to better manage stress, a chronic health condition, heal trauma, resolve family conflict, substance abuse/dependency, grief/loss, or manage a mood disorder. We partner together to tailor therapy that addresses your individual needs. Change is always possible and I'd be honored to be a part of your journey.
(878) 216-0339 View (878) 216-0339
Photo of Autumn Walsh, MSW, LSW, CCTS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Autumn Walsh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW, CCTS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15221
Autum offers advance trauma treatments like EMDR, IFS, DBT, and Somatic Therapy and sex therapy.
Trauma, Complex Trauma, Anxiety, Sex Therapy, Depression, Women's Issues, Couples, Individuals, Neurodivergent Affirming, Queer Affirming, Abuse Survivors, First Responders, Veterans, and much much more
Autum offers advance trauma treatments like EMDR, IFS, DBT, and Somatic Therapy and sex therapy.
Trauma, Complex Trauma, Anxiety, Sex Therapy, Depression, Women's Issues, Couples, Individuals, Neurodivergent Affirming, Queer Affirming, Abuse Survivors, First Responders, Veterans, and much much more
(412) 223-8230 View (412) 223-8230
Photo of Tori Romberger, MA, NCC, LPC, CCTP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tori Romberger
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15222  (Online Only)
Struggling with trauma, PTSD, or anxiety? I'm here for you.
You might be struggling with trauma, PTSD, or anxiety. Your mental health is important, and I'm here to support your journey. You are seeking relief from emotional burdens, and my goal is to provide a safe space for healing and growth. Let's work together to achieve the emotional health you desire.
Struggling with trauma, PTSD, or anxiety? I'm here for you.
You might be struggling with trauma, PTSD, or anxiety. Your mental health is important, and I'm here to support your journey. You are seeking relief from emotional burdens, and my goal is to provide a safe space for healing and growth. Let's work together to achieve the emotional health you desire.
(412) 455-8400 View (412) 455-8400
Photo of Cynthia Crabb - Sensory and Sensibility, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sensory and Sensibility
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
We work with people struggling with family of origin concerns, anxiety, trauma, depression, state-of-the-world concerns, people interested in mind-body connection, and much more.
We are a trauma-focused group, working in somatic, narrative, family systems, and cognitive approaches. Whether you need practical skills and empathetic listening, exploring your past and how it affects your present, or processing specific or developmental traumas, we are here to walk with you on your journey. We are LGBTQIA+ affirming.
We work with people struggling with family of origin concerns, anxiety, trauma, depression, state-of-the-world concerns, people interested in mind-body connection, and much more.
We are a trauma-focused group, working in somatic, narrative, family systems, and cognitive approaches. Whether you need practical skills and empathetic listening, exploring your past and how it affects your present, or processing specific or developmental traumas, we are here to walk with you on your journey. We are LGBTQIA+ affirming.
(412) 347-5080 View (412) 347-5080
Calla Lily Counseling LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15217  (Online Only)
Whether you want to chat about general life frustrations, trauma, or issues that are bogging you down, we are here to listen! We look forward to building a relationship that promotes growth and healing!.
Congratulations on taking your first steps in your counseling journey. You should be proud of yourself for putting time and energy into your well-being. Therapy can be tough, which is where Calla Lily Counseling comes in. Our therapists recognize that no two people are alike, so they provide you with personalized tools and guidance you need in the moment. Our therapists highly value the relationship between therapist and client, and believe it is instrumental in facilitating healing. Our goal is to help you cultivate skills to use outside of counseling, and provide an environment that is safe and empowering in the process.
Whether you want to chat about general life frustrations, trauma, or issues that are bogging you down, we are here to listen! We look forward to building a relationship that promotes growth and healing!.
Congratulations on taking your first steps in your counseling journey. You should be proud of yourself for putting time and energy into your well-being. Therapy can be tough, which is where Calla Lily Counseling comes in. Our therapists recognize that no two people are alike, so they provide you with personalized tools and guidance you need in the moment. Our therapists highly value the relationship between therapist and client, and believe it is instrumental in facilitating healing. Our goal is to help you cultivate skills to use outside of counseling, and provide an environment that is safe and empowering in the process.
(412) 899-2694 View (412) 899-2694
Photo of Elizabeth Gilmore, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Elizabeth Gilmore
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15222  (Online Only)
Facing Depression, trauma, or anxiety challenges? Your unique needs matter.
Are you feeling weighed down by the persistent grip of depression, the daily struggles of trauma, or the overwhelming burden of anxiety? You are not alone in your journey, and your unique needs deserve specialized support. Your goal is clear: to find an experienced therapist who truly comprehends your challenges and can provide the guidance you need to regain emotional well-being. Let's work together to uncover practical solutions and pave the way for a happier, more fulfilling life.
Facing Depression, trauma, or anxiety challenges? Your unique needs matter.
Are you feeling weighed down by the persistent grip of depression, the daily struggles of trauma, or the overwhelming burden of anxiety? You are not alone in your journey, and your unique needs deserve specialized support. Your goal is clear: to find an experienced therapist who truly comprehends your challenges and can provide the guidance you need to regain emotional well-being. Let's work together to uncover practical solutions and pave the way for a happier, more fulfilling life.
(412) 981-2066 View (412) 981-2066
Photo of Stephanie Hamilton-El - The Mask Must Go, MA, ATR-P, Pre-Licensed Professional
The Mask Must Go
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, ATR-P
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15210
My recent work has allowed me to routinely work with individuals and families to resolve trauma, grief, and loss, establish appropriate decision-making skills, and address depression, anxiety, and life transitions.
Healing is often hard, but it can also be joyful and lead to a more fulfilling life and improved relationships. I would be honored to accompany you on your journey toward happiness, acceptance, greater intimacy, peace, and recovery. I will work closely with you to monitor how you are feeling and match your pace in a supportive, safe environment. I would like to assist you in understanding how you have learned to cope with various situations, and how these same coping skills may be getting in your way now. I work from the Person-Centered therapy approach to empower you to acquire a new layer of understanding of who and where you are.
My recent work has allowed me to routinely work with individuals and families to resolve trauma, grief, and loss, establish appropriate decision-making skills, and address depression, anxiety, and life transitions.
Healing is often hard, but it can also be joyful and lead to a more fulfilling life and improved relationships. I would be honored to accompany you on your journey toward happiness, acceptance, greater intimacy, peace, and recovery. I will work closely with you to monitor how you are feeling and match your pace in a supportive, safe environment. I would like to assist you in understanding how you have learned to cope with various situations, and how these same coping skills may be getting in your way now. I work from the Person-Centered therapy approach to empower you to acquire a new layer of understanding of who and where you are.
(412) 896-7129 View (412) 896-7129
Photo of Patrick S Gann, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Patrick S Gann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15217
Whether you're a newcomer, or you've searched high and low for a therapist or counselor to help you through your struggles, I invite you to consider how I might be able to help. Perhaps you are struggling with a chronic mental health condition; perhaps you have experienced a significant stressor or trauma and need help processing it all. You may want insight on how to decrease your suffering, or how to overcome a challenge. Perhaps the intersection of belief and identity is a concern of yours. If any of this sounds like what you're experiencing, I am glad you found your way here.
Whether you're a newcomer, or you've searched high and low for a therapist or counselor to help you through your struggles, I invite you to consider how I might be able to help. Perhaps you are struggling with a chronic mental health condition; perhaps you have experienced a significant stressor or trauma and need help processing it all. You may want insight on how to decrease your suffering, or how to overcome a challenge. Perhaps the intersection of belief and identity is a concern of yours. If any of this sounds like what you're experiencing, I am glad you found your way here.
(717) 276-4891 View (717) 276-4891
Photo of Jen Jasiekiewicz, LPC, LPCC-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jen Jasiekiewicz
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15222
I work with a great variety of individuals from all walks of life. I hope to help you build the confidence and skills you need to manage the stressors in your world. Together we can work on reinforcing your strengths, and I can help you to learn new skills to be able to manage your troubles. Areas of clinical focus include (but are not limited to) Trauma, Anxiety, Panic, Adjustment to College or Work, Depression, ADHD, Anger Management, LGBTQIA+ concerns, Codependency, and Phase of Life issues. I work primarily with adults and also have specific training in trauma treatment (CCTP certification).
I work with a great variety of individuals from all walks of life. I hope to help you build the confidence and skills you need to manage the stressors in your world. Together we can work on reinforcing your strengths, and I can help you to learn new skills to be able to manage your troubles. Areas of clinical focus include (but are not limited to) Trauma, Anxiety, Panic, Adjustment to College or Work, Depression, ADHD, Anger Management, LGBTQIA+ concerns, Codependency, and Phase of Life issues. I work primarily with adults and also have specific training in trauma treatment (CCTP certification).
(412) 308-5505 View (412) 308-5505
Photo of Sydney Stennett, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sydney Stennett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15217
I am passionate about helping clients through my comprehensive and trauma-informed approach.
I enjoy working with adults who are struggling with addiction, anxiety and mood concerns, life transitions, and trauma. I believe empathy and compassion can create a comfortable space to begin to learn about yourself and to create healthy ways to grow and move forward. You deserve to invest in yourself, and I am happy to be a part of your process.
I am passionate about helping clients through my comprehensive and trauma-informed approach.
I enjoy working with adults who are struggling with addiction, anxiety and mood concerns, life transitions, and trauma. I believe empathy and compassion can create a comfortable space to begin to learn about yourself and to create healthy ways to grow and move forward. You deserve to invest in yourself, and I am happy to be a part of your process.
(412) 347-4374 View (412) 347-4374
Photo of Nicole T Gemperle, MS, LPC, CCDPD, Licensed Professional Counselor
Nicole T Gemperle
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CCDPD
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15223
I have been trained in EMDR, which has been an effective treatment for trauma, anxiety, and other concerns.
If you have been feeling overwhelmed, preoccupied, that you would benefit from talking to someone who is a neutral listener, it may be time to look into counseling. Many people experience trauma throughout life, anxiety, depression, and other mental health symptoms. Many people also deal with situational stressors that occur at different times throughout life causing periods of disruption. Seeing a therapist can help with short term, solution focused concerns, or long-term treatment.
I have been trained in EMDR, which has been an effective treatment for trauma, anxiety, and other concerns.
If you have been feeling overwhelmed, preoccupied, that you would benefit from talking to someone who is a neutral listener, it may be time to look into counseling. Many people experience trauma throughout life, anxiety, depression, and other mental health symptoms. Many people also deal with situational stressors that occur at different times throughout life causing periods of disruption. Seeing a therapist can help with short term, solution focused concerns, or long-term treatment.
(412) 284-6468 View (412) 284-6468
Photo of Avory Billman, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Avory Billman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15232
Waitlist for new clients
My focus includes trauma-informed therapy with LGBTQIA+ and neurodivergent individuals. I primarily work with adolescents and young adults. I utilize evidence-based, affirming practices to support my clients in processing trauma, regulating mood instability, improving relationships, coping with life transitions, and building confidence in themselves.
My focus includes trauma-informed therapy with LGBTQIA+ and neurodivergent individuals. I primarily work with adolescents and young adults. I utilize evidence-based, affirming practices to support my clients in processing trauma, regulating mood instability, improving relationships, coping with life transitions, and building confidence in themselves.
(412) 790-2758 View (412) 790-2758
Photo of David Aaron Morris, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
David Aaron Morris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
I specialize in child trauma treatment, anxiety, panic attacks, OCD, and couple's therapy.
I use 14+ years of experience to connect with your struggle, build a foundation of skills, then help you make the changes that will be sustainable. My time as a husband, father, college soccer coach, and brief drifter (LOL) allows me to empathize with many situations, difficulties and strengths.
I specialize in child trauma treatment, anxiety, panic attacks, OCD, and couple's therapy.
I use 14+ years of experience to connect with your struggle, build a foundation of skills, then help you make the changes that will be sustainable. My time as a husband, father, college soccer coach, and brief drifter (LOL) allows me to empathize with many situations, difficulties and strengths.
(412) 960-6408 x105 View (412) 960-6408 x105
Photo of Dr. Kate Hostetler, PsyD, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dr. Kate Hostetler
Licensed Professional Counselor, PsyD, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15235  (Online Only)
In my practice, I specialize in counseling psychology, with a particular focus on addressing trauma, depression, anxiety, court involvement, & relationship issues.
My ideal client is someone who values their personal growth and is committed to investing in their own therapy. They are open to discussing challenging topics, exploring the complexities of societal dynamics, seeking ways to cultivate deeper connections, and navigating their emotions with honesty and fairness.
In my practice, I specialize in counseling psychology, with a particular focus on addressing trauma, depression, anxiety, court involvement, & relationship issues.
My ideal client is someone who values their personal growth and is committed to investing in their own therapy. They are open to discussing challenging topics, exploring the complexities of societal dynamics, seeking ways to cultivate deeper connections, and navigating their emotions with honesty and fairness.
(412) 743-8561 View (412) 743-8561
Photo of Frank Bienkowski - Frank Bienkowski at True to You Counseling, MSEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Frank Bienkowski at True to You Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Trauma resolution and work with reproductive mental health has been valuable as well.
Beginning in January 2024, my valued colleague, Jennifer Huffman and I are launching a combined practice that will be known as True to You. Each of us brings 20+ years of experience in the helping professions into this new venture. Both Jennifer and I have a background in addictions treatment, working together at Gateway Rehabilitation Center for 8 years. In the past decade we have both expanded our focus into other areas of therapeutic work. A common thread of purpose in our work has been to assist our clients in actively living from a more authentic sense of themselves. We hope to help you along on your path to being true to you.
Trauma resolution and work with reproductive mental health has been valuable as well.
Beginning in January 2024, my valued colleague, Jennifer Huffman and I are launching a combined practice that will be known as True to You. Each of us brings 20+ years of experience in the helping professions into this new venture. Both Jennifer and I have a background in addictions treatment, working together at Gateway Rehabilitation Center for 8 years. In the past decade we have both expanded our focus into other areas of therapeutic work. A common thread of purpose in our work has been to assist our clients in actively living from a more authentic sense of themselves. We hope to help you along on your path to being true to you.
(412) 532-1784 View (412) 532-1784
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Trauma and PTSD Therapists

When should I seek treatment for trauma?

Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.

How long does trauma therapy take?

Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.

What happens if trauma is left untreated?

Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.

Can PTSD come back after treatment?

It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.