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ABO Analysis
ABO Analysis
Standard cephalometric analysis proposed by the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) Compilation of other analyses: Downs Steiners McNamara Wits Appraisal Tweeds Rickets
Area of Study
Cranial Base - Maxilla to Cranial Base - Mandible to Cranial Base Maxillo-Mandibular relationship Vertical height Maxillary and Mandibular incisor position Soft tissue
Area of Study
Cranial Base - Maxilla to Cranial Base - Mandible to Cranial Base Maxillo-Mandibular relationship Vertical height Maxillary and Mandibular incisor position Soft tissue
Cranial Base
S 130 N
Cranial Base
BaS-N
130
Ba
Effects: -less than 130o short-face -more than 130o long-face If angle changes, theres an effect on the temporal bone
Area of Study
Cranial Base - Maxilla to Cranial Base - Mandible to Cranial Base Maxillo-Mandibular relationship Vertical height Maxillary and Mandibular incisor position Soft tissue
Area of Study
Cranial Base Types of - Maxilla to Cranial Base measurements - Mandible to Cranial Base Maxillo-Mandibular relationship Vertical height Maxillary and Mandibular incisor position Soft tissue
SNA
82
From Steiners analysis Determines location of Maxilla in relation to Cranial Base Increase angle prognathic Decrease angle retrognathic
N-A-FH
90
90 Point A
Skeletal landmarks: Nasion, Point A, Frontal Horizontal plane From McNamara analysis If increase forward growth of maxilla or prognathic. If decrease backward growth of maxilla or retrognathic.
From McNamara analysis Draw a perpendicular line from the frontal horizontal plane If increases prognathic maxilla
-2mm
Point A
Area of Study
Cranial Base - Maxilla to Cranial Base - Mandible to Cranial Base Maxillo-Mandibular relationship Vertical height Maxillary and Mandibular incisor position Soft tissue
Area of Study
Cranial Base - Maxilla to Cranial Base Types of - Mandible to Cranial Base measurements Maxillo-Mandibular relationship Vertical height Maxillary and Mandibular incisor position Soft tissue
SNB
80
88
FH 88
Skeletal landmarks: Nasion Pogonion, Frontal Horizontal plane From Downs analysis Increase angle prognathic mandible Decrease angle retrognathic mandible
Pog
FH
Pog -6mm
Area of Study
Cranial Base - Maxilla to Cranial Base - Mandible to Cranial Base Maxillo-Mandibular relationship Vertical height Maxillary and Mandibular incisor position Soft tissue
Area of Study
Cranial Base - Maxilla to Cranial Base - Mandible to Cranial Base Maxillo-Mandibular relationship Types of measure Vertical height ments Maxillary and Mandibular incisor position Soft tissue
A. Maxillo-Mandibular Relationship
N
MaxilloMandibular Relationship
ANB
Point A 2
Skeletal landmarks: Point A, Nasion, Point B From Steiners analysis Relates to the maxillary denture base to mandibular denture base
Point B
B. Maxillo-Mandibular Relationship
N
MaxilloMandibular Relationship
A-NPog
1mm
Point A 1mm
Skeletal landmarks: Point A, Nasion Pogonion Measure the distance from Point A to Nasion Pogonion line
C. Maxillo-Mandibular Relationship
AO
MaxilloMandibular Relationship
Wits
2mm
2mm
BO
Perpendicular line from Point A to occlusal plane, and perpendicular line from Point B to occlusal plane. Measure distance between BO to AO.
Increase mm prognathic denture base Decrease mm retrognathic denture base.
Area of Study
Cranial Base - Maxilla to Cranial Base - Mandible to Cranial Base Maxillo-Mandibular relationship Vertical height Maxillary and Mandibular incisor position Soft tissue
Area of Study
Cranial Base - Maxilla to Cranial Base - Mandible to Cranial Base Maxillo-Mandibular relationship Vertical height Types of measurements Maxillary and Mandibular incisor position Soft tissue
A. Vertical Height
Vertical Height
N S 32 32
SNMPA
32
Extend mandibular plane and sela nasion line to get an angle of 32o From Steiners analysis Effect: -increase vertical height skeletal open bite -decrease vertical height skeletal deep bite
MPA
B. Vertical Height
Vertical Height FMA 25 Extend mandibular plane and frankfurt horizontal line to get an angle of 25o
FH
25
From Downs analysis Effect: -increase vertical height skeletal open bite -decrease vertical height skeletal deep bite
MPA
C. Vertical Height
Vertical Height
N
45% 55%
45% ANS
Normally, lower region of face comprises 55% because mandible grows downward and forward which suggests its bigger proportion
If not normal, then unproportion face
55%
Me
Area of Study
Cranial Base - Maxilla to Cranial Base - Mandible to Cranial Base Maxillo-Mandibular relationship Vertical height Maxillary and Mandibular incisor position Soft tissue
Area of Study
Cranial Base - Maxilla to Cranial Base - Mandible to Cranial Base Maxillo-Mandibular relationship Vertical height Maxillary and Mandibular incisor position Types of measurements Soft tissue
U1-SN
104
Landmarks: -sela nasion tip of incisal and apex of root bisects the line to get the angle To determine the position of incisors
U1
Effect: -if angle increases protrusion of upper incisors -if angle decreases retrusion of upper incisors
U1-NA (mm)
4mm
Utilizes nacion and point A From the NA line measure the distance the labial surface of upper central incisors or U1 From Steiner analysis
4mm
U1
Point A
Effect: -increase distance upper incisors protruded -decrease distance upper incisors retruded
U1-NA
22
Point A U1
Utilizes the nasion point A line and bisecting line of upper one. Effect: -increase angle labioversion or protrusion of U1 -decrease angle linguoversion or retrusive U1
From Tweeds analysis This relates to the mandibular plane to lower incisors. The value 90o for lower incisors makes it stable because it is located on the basal bone (most compact part of the bone) Effect ; -angle increases protrusion -angle decreases retrusion
90 IMPA
L1-NB (mm)
4mm
Utilizes the nasion point B line Measure the distance from NB line to the labial surface of the lower incisors. Effect: -distance increases protruded incisors -distance decreases retrusive incisors
L1 4mm Point B
L1-NB
25
From Steiners analysis Utilizes the NB line and bisecting line of lower incisors or L1 Effect: -angle increases labioversion of the lower incisors -angle decreases linguoversion of the lower incisors
L1 Point B 25
L1APog
2mm
L1
2mm
Utilizes the point A Pogonion line and measure the distance from APog line to the labial surface of lower incisors Effect: -distance increases protrusion -distance decreases retrusive
Pog
This utilizes the bisecting line of the upper incisors or U1 and bisecting line of lower incisors or L1 to get the interincisal angle Effect: -if angle increases there is uprighting of upper and lower incisors -if angle decreses protrusion
L1
Area of Study
Cranial Base - Maxilla to Cranial Base - Mandible to Cranial Base Maxillo-Mandibular relationship Vertical height Maxillary and Mandibular incisor position Soft tissue
Soft Tissue
Soft Tissue
Tip of nose
E-lineLower lip
-2mm
-2mm
Tip of chin
Summary