Works Cited Secondary Sources "A Comparison Between Medieval and Renaissance Art." Writework. Gradua Networks, n.d.

Web. 11 Mar. 2013. <http://www.writework.com/essay/comparison-between-medievaland-renaissance-art>. This source is a very short paper that describes the differences between Renaissance and pre-Renaissance art. It was used to give some background so that the viewer could compare Medieval art to Leonardos art. Abrahams. "Leonardo Da Vinci - How a 15th Century Artist Predicted 21st Century Radiology." St. Georges University. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2013. <http://www.stgeorgesuniv.edu/ne ws-events/news-archives12-leonardo-da-vinci-artist-predicted-21st-centuryradiology.html>. In this document, Dr. Abrahams from St. Georges University discusses Leonardos work on anatomy. According to Dr. Abrahams, after thirty dissections, Leonardo was able to revolutionize anatomy. He made discoveries that would not be rediscovered for 400 500 years. This document was used to learn about Leonardos anatomical work. Bambach, Carmen C., Rachel Stern, and Alison Manges. Leonardo da Vinci: Master Draftsman. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2003. Print. This very detailed book on Leonardo da Vincis work focuses on Leonardos keen sense of observation and how he was able to revolutionize art by applying his scientific discoveries to his work. I got a few good quotes from this book, emphasizing his desire in accurately representing his subjects. Bambach, Carmen. "Leonardo da Vinci (14521519)." Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Oct. 2002. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. <http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/leon/hd_leon.htm>. This webpage by the Carmen Bambach, an assistant professor of art history and a lecturer at museums and universities, describes the two principle works of Leonardo da Vinci: the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. In it, Bambach shows how Leonardo utilized the new techniques of his time, such as perspective, in his paintings. Bitler, Nicole. "Leonardo da Vincis Study of Light and Optics: A synthesis of fields in The Last Supper." Intersect 4 (2011): n. pag. Print. This highly detailed source by Stanford graduate Nicole Bitler describes Leonardo da Vincis study of light and how he was able to apply it to his art. This source also goes in depth on Leonardos studies of planetary motion, leading him to become interested in optics, perspective, and observation. Nicole stresses how Leonardos scientific and mathematical work led him to develop new concepts in painting.

Blent Atalay, Ph.D. Lecture on the World of Leonardo da Vinci. Dir. Blent Atalay. Youtube. N.p., 4 Dec. 2009. Web. 11 Mar. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VUAidK 98w>. This video clip from one of Blent Atalays many lectures on Leonardo da Vinci at the University of Central Oklahoma discusses the legacy of Leonardo and how example so his ideas are seen in art even today. Atalay, an artist, scientist, and author, also discusses Leonardos background and his interest in science. Charney, Noah. "Leonardo da Vincis Artistic Legacy." Blouin Art Info. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2013. <http://blogs.artinfo.com/secrethistoryofart/2011/08/17/leonardo-davinci%E2%80%99s-artistic-legacy/>. This document was astronomically helpful since it discusses Leonardos artistic legacy. It discussed his innovations and the techniques that he used, specifically sfumato and chiaroscuro. It specifies that while he did not invent the techniques he used, he developed them further and popularized them. "Chiaroscuro." The National Gallery. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Mar. 2013. <http://www.nationalgallery .org.uk/paintings/glossary/chiaroscuro>. This very short document was used for information on the artistic technique chiaroscuro. It briefly mentions how Leonardo used it to manipulate the viewer and evoke emotion. Inspired by Leonardo Da Vinci. Dir. Fritjof Capra. Youtube. N.p., 2 May 2012 Web. 11 Mar. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEFaeWOhF-Y>. In video clip, Fritjof Capra Ph.D., an author and professor of theoretical physics, discusses Leonardos interest in science and how his scientific research was reflected in his drawings. In particular he explains Leonardos three most important skills and abilities that he believes made him a genius. "Leonardo da Vinci." Authors and Artists for Young Adults. Vol. 40. Detroit: Gale, 2001. Biography In Context. Web. 11 Mar. 2013. This detailed article walks the reader through the life of Leonardo da Vinci, from Vinci, to Florence, to Milan, back to Florence, to France, and then Rome. Meanwhile it discusses Leonardos work in each area and how it has been used as an example to artists and scientists after him. Leonardo da Vinci: Eco Designer and Systems Thinker. Dir. Fritjof Capra. Youtube. N.p., 2 May 2012. Web. 11 Mar. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dVTuD9QCbxE>. In video clip, Fritjof Capra Ph.D., an author and professor of theoretical physics, talks about Leonardos incredible ability to observe things and how all his studies of nature were important to his paintings. Though it does not focus on Leonardos art, it does provide insight into Leonardos love of nature.

Obara, Samuel. "Golden Ratio in Art and Architecture." The University of Georgia. Ed. Jim Wilson. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2013. <http://jwilson.coe.uga.edu/EMT668/EMAT6680 .2000/Obara/Emat6690/Golden%20Ratio/golden.html>. This document provides information on the golden ratio and where it can be seen. It explores its history and its use in everything from the Egyptian pyramids to Leonardos paintings. "Renaissance: Influence and Interpretations." Renaissance: An Encyclopedia for Students. Ed. Paul F. Grendler. Vol. 4. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2004. 29-36. World History In Context. Web. 12 Mar. 2013. This document was used for background information on the Renaissance. It explores its history, its artists, and its influence on future art. Reti, Ladislao, ed. The Unknown Leonardo. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1974. Print. This enormous book contained all of the information that could have possibly been needed. It covered every part of Leonardos life, his art, his studies, his observations, his inventions, and his legacy. It also contained translated pages of Leonardos notebooks. The page of Leonardos notebook on page 225 was used to explain Leonardos contribution to curvilinear perspective. Romei, Francesca. Leonardo da Vinci. New York: Peter Bedrick Books, 1994. Print. This source consists of a plethora of information on not only Leonardo da Vinci, but Renaissance art in general. This book describes in depth the background of Leonardo, the history of art before him, his scientific and mathematical work, his ideas on lighting and perspective, and his legacy. It also explains the influence of Leonardos machines and inventions. The Golden Mean in Leonardo da Vinci's Work. Dir. Fritjof Capra. Youtube. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Mar. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hTjEkhzA17I>. In video clip, Fritjof Capra Ph.D., an author and professor of theoretical physics, discusses Leonardos interest in the golden mean, its history, and Leonardos application of it in his work, especially the Vitruvian Man. "The Vitruvian Man's Proportions." davincithevilla. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2013. <http://www. davincithevilla.com/vitruvproportions.htm>. This document discusses Vitruvius Pollios influence on human proportion and how Leonardo used his theory to create the Vitruvian man. This document also provided a quote which was used to describe Vitruviuss theory of ideal proportion.