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Sanskrit Lessons From Chitrapur Math Level
Sanskrit Lessons From Chitrapur Math Level
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www.chitrapurmath.net
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sanskrit lesson 25 A 1/2
www.chitrapurmath.net
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sanskrit lesson 25 A 2/2
www.chitrapurmath.net
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sanskrit lesson 26 1/1
www.chitrapurmath.net
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sanskrit appetizer lesson 26 A 1/1
www.chitrapurmath.net
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sanskrit lesson 26 C. 1/1
www.chitrapurmath.net
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sanskrit lesson 27 A.
www.chitrapurmath.net
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www.chitrapurmath.net
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www.chitrapurmath.net
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www.chitrapurmath.org
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www.chitrapurmath.org
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www.chitrapurmath.org
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www.chitrapurmath.org
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The more I read, the more I was convinced that there were a trillion
sandhi rules to follow. But ever so slowly it began to filter in that
amongst those trillion rules a few are oft repeated and they are the only
ones that one need really remember to follow Sanskrit classical texts.
Buy a book that lists all sandhi rules so that you can refer to it if you
come across an occasional sandhi that I have not dealt with. But for all
practical purposes, these are enough. Lesson 61 will deal with 1) a revision
of swara sandhi rules plus a few more new ones AND 2) with visarga
sandhi rules. A tabular column works well for reference.
I've dared to label this lesson 61 ABC because it incorporates a story and a
set of exercises for you as well. To make things easier, I've marked the
sandhis bold. Please try and break the sandhis.
içájçÌ çÆvçÿç ~
Story contributed by Smt. Shilpa Mudur ( Borivli Sabha)
A) Evolution of Sound.
B) JçCçç&:
Let's go over the list of JçCçç&: again. The divisions that you see below have
been made by Panini and described in his 'Ashtadhyayi.' We need to study
this so that we are better able to understand how Panini worked at his
grammar.
mJçjç:
Dç ,F, G, $çÝ, uç= ( ÛmJçmJçjç:) are pronounced in one matra ( a measure of
time almost equal to one second )
Dçç, F&, T, $çÝ=, uç¨ , S, Sí, Dççí, DççÌ (oçÇIç&mJçjç:) are pronounced in two matras
Dç 3, F3, G3, $çÝ3, uç= 3, S3, Sí3, Dççí3, DççÌ 3 (HuçálçmJçjç:).... used when calling
out to someone and take more than two matras to be pronounced.
(I've spent about a trillion hours trying to find a symbol that looks like two
smilies put together, one on top of the other, the top looking like a smile and
the one below looking like a frown in the place of the visargas for the four
alphabets listed below. Sorry. Don't have the software to create an image
even. But I'm sure you'll be able to figure out what I mean. If any of you
has; and can create an image, please will you send it to me at 'Queries' so
that I may replace these four visargas with those? )
: kçÀ : Kç (çÆpç»çcçÓuççdzç:)
: Hç : HçÀ (GHçOcççvççdzç:)
DçJçiçça³çJ³ç¡çvçççÆvç
³çd, jd, uçd, Jçd (Dçvlç:mLçç:)
Mçd, <çd, mçd, nd (T<cççCç:)
Ud #çd
Ud #çd and uç¨ are not included in Panini's work, who dealt with only the
language in use and not what is originally in the Vedas. But we shall keep
them in anyway.... just so that we do not forget them.
G®®ççjCçcçd
Your teacher will help you pronounce the mJçjç:, Dç³ççíiçJççnç:, and the J³ç¡çvçççÆvç ~
I'll just supply a table that you can refer to. The beauty here is that this
classification works in various ways. It helps making and breaking sandhis,
writing out words with DçvçávçççÆmçkçÀ s and understanding the relationships of
each "family group" ... how one letter can be substituted for another and
ideas like that…. For example, you would have often seen both lçlçd and lçod. It
also helps us understand why Parama Poojya Swamiji pronounces $ç³çcyçkçbÀ
³çpççcçní the way He does.
lç Lç o Oç vç
uç mç
G T G3 DççíÿçÌ Dççíÿîç
Hç HçÀ yç Yç cç
GHçOcççvççdzç: (:Hç : HçÀ )
( actually the two
smilies I've mentioned
earlier)
* _ç Cç vç cç vçççÆmçkçÀç kçÀCþççÆo: DçvçávçççÆmçkçÀ:
S Sí kçÀCþlççuçá kçÀCþlççuçJ³ç:
Dççí DççÌ kçÀCþçíÿcçd kçÀCþçíÿîç
Jç ovlççíÿcçd ovlççíÿîç
çÆpç»çcçÓuççdzç: (: kçÀ :Kç) çÆpç»çcçÓuçcçd çÆpç»çcçÓuççdzç:
( smilies again.)
DçvçámJççj: vçççÆmçkçÀç -
When the çÆJçmçiç& is followed by a kçdÀ, Kçd, Hçd, or a HçdÀ, the çÆJçmçiç& is forcefully
expressed. Going by this, if the çÆJçmçiç& were to be followed by #çd, which,
according to grammar a kçdÀ + <çd, the çÆJçmçiç& should have been forcefully
expressed. But it is not. In this case, the çÆJçmçiç& does what it is supposed to
do....it carries forward the sound of the letter just before it.
C) Maheshwar Sutras.
cççníéçj-mçÓ$çççÆCç
Panini has based his entire grammatical work on these sutras. To avoid a
detailed recital of the letters, he used what is called the Òçl³ççnçj . It is very
much what you would see advertised in a shop window " A-Z available here."
Rather than list what he has, the shopkeeper, in his A-Z, has conveyed the
fact that he stores all that you need.
Similarly, when Panini wished to list only the mJçjç: , he just said Dç®çd and no
more. Look at the sutras again. Which sutra has the Dç ? The first. Which
sutra ends in ®çd ? The fourth. Ignore every JçCç& with the nuçvlç . They are
called Flçd JçCçç&: and are only indicatory letters which disappear the minute
the purpose of indication has been fulfilled.
List all the letters that are in the four sutras and hey presto, you have a list
of all the mJçjç: !
You do not need answers for this worksheet, do you? That's why the lesson
is named 62 A B.
sanskrit lesson 62 A 2
www.chitrapurmath.net
© Shri Chitrapur Math
Lesson 63
J³ç¡çvç-mççqvOç:
Vyanjan Sandhi.
2. äálJç
äávççäá: mçd / lçá in close <çd
proximity
ìá (³çLççmç±îçcçd
with <çd / ìá
..respectively)
concrete mçd <ç <<ç jçcçmçd + <çÿ: =
examples…
jçcç<<çÿ:
mçd ìd ä jçcçmçd + ìçÇkçÀlçí
=jçcçäçÇkçÀlçí
lçd ìd f lçlçd + ìçÇkçÀç =
lçfçÇkçÀç
<çd lç ä F<ç: + lç: = Fä:
<çd lç ä kç=À<çd + lç: =
kç=Àä:
<çd vç <Cç kç=À<çd + vç: =
kç=À<Cç: ~
4. ®çlJç&
KççÆj ®ç ~ Pçuçd ( all the kçÀþçíj J³ç¡çvç corresponding
consonants minus ®çjd ( first five
the of each Jçiç&: +
DçvçávçççÆmçkçÀJ³ç¡çvçççÆvç, Mçd <çd mçd )
³çd jd uçd and Jçd )
Concrete od mçd lmçd DççHçod + mçá =
examples…
DççHçlmçá
od lçd Êç síod +lçç = síÊçç
od lçd Êç Yçíod + lçç =YçíÊçç
6 DçvçávçççÆmçkçÀmççqvOç:
sanskrit lesson 63. 5
www.chitrapurmath.net
© Shri Chitrapur Math
a ³çjçí evçávçççÆmçkçíÀ ³çjd includes all followed by Is replaced by
evçávçççÆmçkçÀçí Jçç ~ the consonants a nasal (_çd , its own
corresponding
excepting nd ~ cçd, *d , Cçd , vçd
nasal,
³çjd occurring at ) optionally.
the end of a Hço
Concrete lçd cçd vcçd ¬çÀçíOççlçd + cççín: -
examples…
¬çÀçíOççvcççín: /
¬çÀçíOççod cççín: ~
7. DçvçámJççj
No need for a
tabular note.
All details at
the end of
this Sandhi
chapter.
cçcççHçvçáÐçç-Ðç®sçíkçÀcçá®sçí<çCççÆcççÆvê³ççCççcçd
cçcç DçHçvçáÐççlçd ³çlçd MççíkçÀcçd Glçd - Mççí<çCçcçd FçÆvê³ççCççcçd ( To figure out why Mçd has
become sd , look at the next sandhi… MçMsçíeçÆì ~)
b) MçMsçíeçÆì ~
Fully stated, Pç³ç: Mç: s: DççÆì ~ Here, in this sutra, the Pç³ç: is drawn from a
previous sutra. If Pç³çd (first four of a Jçiç& ) is followed by Mçd then that Mçd is
optionally replaced by sd ~
If the Mçd is followed by Dçìd , then if the Pç³çd JçCç& is a od , it will be converted
into a pçd ( mlççí: ½çávçç ½çá: ) and then that pçd is converted into a ®çd ( KççÆj ®ç
....Refer to Sandhi No. 4 ). If it is a lçd , then it is replaced by ®çd ( mlççí: ½çávçç
½çá: ) ~
In lçá + Mçd , the lçá changes to ®çá and the Mçd changes to sd OR remains Mçd ~
ÞççÇcçlçd + Mç¹jçÞçcç: = ÞççÇcç®s¹jçÞçcç: ~
cçnlçd + MçkçÀìcçd = cçn®skçÀìcçd ~
2) äálJç mççqvOç:
äávççäá:
Fully stated, mlççí: äávççäá: ~ Here, in this sutra, the mlççí: is drawn from a
previous sutra.
mçd and a JçCç& belonging to lçá, in close proximity with <çd and a JçCç& belonging ìá
are replaced by <çd and a JçCç& belonging to ìá ~
Whenever there is a combination of mçd or lç Jçiç& ( lçd, Lçd, od, Oçd, vçd ) WITH
<çd or with the ìJçiç& ( ìd, þd, [d, {d, Cçd ) the mçd changes into <çd and the lç Jçiç&
changes into its corresponding ìJçiç& ~
jçcçmçd + <ç<þ: = jçcç<<çÿ: ~
F<çd + lç: = Fä: ~
çÆJç<çd + vçá: = çÆJç<Cçá: ~
kç=À<çd + vç: = kç=À<Cç: ~
nd having the same place of utterance as kçÀ Jçiç& ( kçÀCþ ) will be replaced with
that corresponding JçCç& ~
Mçd having the same place of utterance as ®ç Jçiç& ( lççuç á) will be replaced with
that corresponding JçCç&~
<çd having the same place of utterance as ì Jçiç& ( cçÓOçç& ) will be replaced with
that corresponding JçCç& ~
mçd having the same place of utterance as lç Jçiç& ( ovlçç: ) will be replaced by
that corresponding JçCç& ~
çqokçdÀ + Dçcyçj: = çÆoiçcyçj: ~
cçcççHçvçáÐççÐç®sçíkçÀcçá®sçí<çCççÆcççÆvê³ççCççcçd
cçcç DçHçvçáÐççlçd ³çlçd MççíkçÀcçd Glçd - Mççí<çCçcçd FçÆvê³ççCççcçd
3. Dçç½ç³çç&lHçM³ççÆlç kçÀçƽçoívç-
cçç½ç³ç&JçÜoçÆlç lçLçÌJç ®ççv³ç:~
Dçç½ç³ç&Jç®®çÌvçcçv³ç: Mç=CççíçÆlç
ÞçálJççH³çívçb Jçío vç ®çÌJç kçÀçƽçlçd ~~ iççÇ0 2-29 ~~
kçÀçƽçoívçcçd =kçÀçƽçlçd Svçcçd
Dçç½ç³ç&JçÜoçÆlç =Dçç½ç³ç&Jçlçd JçoçÆlç
1. Dçç½ç³çç&lHçM³ççÆlç kçÀçƽçoívç-
cçç½ç³ç&JçÜoçÆlç lçLçÌJç ®ççv³ç:~
Dçç½ç³ç&Jç®®çÌvçcçv³ç: Mç=CççíçÆlç
ÞçálJççH³çívçb Jçío vç ®çÌJç kçÀçƽçlçd ~~ iççÇ0 2-29 ~~
6) DçvçávçççÆmçkçÀmççqvOç:
a) ³çjçí evçávçççÆmçkçíÀ evçávçççÆmçkçÀçí Jçç ~
Fully stated, Hçoçvlçm³ç ³çj: DçvçávçççÆmçkçíÀ Hçjí DçvçávçççÆmçkçÀ: Jçç ~
³çjd includes all the consonants excepting nd ~
³çjd occurring at the end of a Hço followed by a nasal ( _çd , cçd , *d , Cçd , vçd ) is
replaced by its own corresponding nasal, optionally.
¬çÀçíOççlçd cççín: = ¬çÀçíOççvcççín: / ¬çÀçíOççod cççín: ~
Slçvcçí mçbMç³çb kç=À<Cç = Slçlçd cçí / Slçod cçí ~
çÆokçdÀ + vççiç: = çÆo*dvççiç: / çÆoivççiç: ~
jd remains as it is, it has no corresponding nasal.
Hçávçjd cççín: - Hçávçcççxn: ~
7) DçvçámJççj mççqvOç:~
a) cççíevçámJççj:~
Fully stated, cç: DçvçámJççj: nçÆuç Hçjí - ( nçÆuç is drawn from a previous mçÓ$ç ) - cçd,
at the end of a Hçod is :
1 ) replaced by an DçvçámJççj if it is followed by a consonant.
2) when it appears at the end of a Hço or at the end of a sentence, it remains
as it is.
b) Jçç Hçoçvlçm³ç ~
At the end of a Hço, the DçvçámJççj can be replaced by an DçvçávçççÆmçkçÀ JçCç& which is
homogenous to the JçCç& which follows it.
çÆkçbÀ kçÀjçíçÆ<ç / çÆkçÀ¹jçíçÆ<ç ~ ®çvêb HçM³ççÆlç / ®çvêcHçM³ççÆlç ~
Thus
kçÀçqmcçvçd çÆ®çlçd = kçÀçqmcçjd çÆ®çlçd ~ vçMsJ³çÒçMççvçd ~
= kçÀçqmcçBjd çÆ®çlçd ~ Dç$ççvçávçççÆmçkçÀ: HçÓJç&m³ç lçá Jçç ~
or = kçÀçqmcçbjd çÆ®çlçd ~ DçvçávçççÆmçkçÀçlHçjçíevçámJççj: ~
This jd is replaced by the çÆJçmçiç& and later by mçd ~ Then the mççqvOç: rules are
followed to give
either a kçÀçqmcçBçƽçlçd ~
or a kçÀçqmcçbçƽçlçd ~
Similarly, YçJççvçd ®çjçÆlç = YçJççjd ®çjçÆlç
= YçJççBjd ®çjçÆlç /YçJççbjd ®çjçÆlç
sanskrit lesson 63. 16
www.chitrapurmath.net
© Shri Chitrapur Math
= YçJççB½çjçÆlç / YçJççb½çjçÆlç ~
ÒççCççbml³çkçwlJçç - ÒççCççvçd l³çkçwlJçç ~~ iççÇ0 1-33 ~
Òç%ççJççoçb½ç Yçç<çmçí - Òç%ççJççoçvçd ®ç ~~ iççÇ0 2-11 ~
But not in the case of ÒçMççvçd çÆlçÿçÆlç ~
In the midst of all this poetic creativity, a natural problem reared its head.
Sanskrit is the only language in the classical world which makes use of Òçl³ç³çs.
The use of Òçl³ç³ç s helps every single word to have an identity and a meaning
of its very own. But fitting the word + Òçl³ç³ç into a metre in verse form was a
difficult task indeed. "What to do?" asked a poet. "No problem! Let's create
a shortcut," said another. And mçcççmç came into being. mçcççmç, mç cç mç was the
original SMS… Short Message Service. Be proud guys, we created it!!!!!!
I kid you not. There does exist such a verb: Dçnb mçcçm³çççÆcç does indeed mean
'I am creating a synopsis…. or in our layman terms… a shortcut.'
mçcççmç allows a person to string two words together to form one single word.
And "ishortcut ishtyle" the first word is written without an appropriate
Òçl³ç³ç. For example instead of saying jç%ç: Hçá$ç: I'd say jçpçHçá$ç: and still make
complete sense.
Why does Devdas have to romance his love with a long drawn out, "You have
such a beautiful face just like the moon!" All he'd do is say "DççÆ³ç ®çvêcçáçÆKç"
Devdas too, by the way, is a mçcççmç word. oíJçm³ç oçmç: , oíJçoçmç: ~ The
difference between a mççÆvOç: and a mçcççmç: would be that in the former, two
letters combine to form a single whole letter or a conjoined letter( either in
the middle of a word or between two words to form a single word) and in the
In a mçcççmç: , the mçcçmlçHço is the compound word… oíJçoçmç: ~ çÆJçûçn is when you
break it up into its components….. oíJçm³ç oçmç: ~
Naturally, it is with time that you will figure out in which combinations these
work out, for example oçmçoíJç: would not be correct. And it is with time that
you will figure out which words can be made a mçcççmç of. For example, JçvçÒççHlç:
is allowed and NOT JçvçÒççHlçJççvçd ~ Not to worry. In this case at least …Time will
wait for the Sanskrit enthusiast!
Note:
This lesson is to help you figure out what mçcççmç words mean whenever you
come across them in your course of reading. You also now have the
wherewithal to form your own combination words intelligently.
Another thing to remember is that people are all made differently. Many a
time you will find that someone may have formed a mçcççmç in one way and you
may prefer another. Both may be correct. So just relax and enjoy learning
something new.
mçcççmç can be divided into 6 classes according to the sense that they convey
when dissolved.
ÜvÜçí çÆÜiçájçÆHç ®ççnb cçodiçíní çÆvçl³çcçJ³ç³ççÇYççJç: ~
lçlHçá©<ç kçÀcç&Oççj³ç ³çívççnb m³ççb yçnáJç´çÇçÆn: ~~
For our convenience, I have divided them into 9 groups. I have been better
able to retain the information with a wider classification like that.
4. çÆÜiçá: In this mçcççmç, which is a part of the kçÀcç&Oççj³ç:, the first word is a
number; how many in a collection of things. For example : HçgçJçìçÇ =
Hçgççvççb Jçìçvççb mçcççnçj: ~
5. ÜvÜ: Be sure to look out for the ®ç between words in the çÆJçûçn: of
this mçcççmç:!!! For example: nçÆjnjiçájJç:/nçÆjiçá©njç: =nçÆj½ç nj½ç iç᩽ç ~
6. yçnáJç´çÇçÆn: When two words are put together to imply something totally
different, yçnáJç´çÇçÆn: is what you see. For example: ®çvêcççÌçÆuç: = ®çvê: cççÌuççÌ
³çm³ç mç: ~ Here, we are neither giving importance to the moon or to
the forehead but the Person who is adorned so: Shiva.
1. DçJ³ç³ççÇYççJçmçcççmç: ~
You will recognize the DçJ³ç³ççÇYççJçmçcççmç: in words
1. Where the first part of the word is an DçJ³ç³ç or a çÆvçHççlç (çÆvçHççlçç: are
particles which possess no gender and number and the case
termination after which is dropped or elided. For example ®çço³ç: (®ç
and others) and Òçço³ç: (Òç and others).
2. The second part of the word is a noun (mç_%çç).
3. The combined word is an DçJ³ç³ç and is vçHçáb. SkçÀJç®çvçcçd ~
4. The combined word mçcçmlçHçocçd is different from the çÆJçûçn:, because the
conveys a DçJ³ç³ç special meaning to the noun.
2. lçlHçá©<çmçcççmç: ~
Note: The word lçlHçá©<ç: itself will help you remember what mçcççmç: this
involves. lçm³ç Hçá©<ç: = lçlHçá©<ç: !!
And that is the sole reason why you cannot have oC[lçççÆ[lçJççvçd as a lç=lççdzçç
lçlHçá©<ç: ~ lçççÆ[lçJççvçd is a Present active participle and doesn't fit with the rules
stated above. Instead, you may have a oC[lçççÆ[lç: ~ Gottit?
Note:
The compound içá©oçÆ#çCçç cannot be separated into içájJçí oçÆ#çCç ~ The çÆJçûçn: has
to be içájçí: oçÆ#çCçç ~
3. kçÀcç&Oççj³çmçcççmç: ~
This one is really simple. Whenever two words, one which is an adjective of
the other, are combined, you have a kçÀcç&Oççj³çmçcççmç: ~ So you will have a
combination of a çÆJçMçí<çCç and a çÆJçMçí<³ç, an GHçcççvç and an GHçcçí³ç ~ Since one is a
çÆJçMçí<çCç of the other, naturally, when a çÆJçûçn: is formed, both the words will
be in the same çÆJçYççÆÊçÀ:~
You may see the words ®ç DçmççÌ, FJç, SJç, in the çÆJçûçn: to reinforce the
relationship between the two words.
mçá meaning "beautiful/ good" and kçáÀ (kçáÀçqlmçlç) meaning "bad" are added to
words to form a kçÀcç&Oççj³çmçcççmç:~
Note:
Why has this particular mçcççmç: been called kçÀcç&Oççj³ç:? Simple.
Let's look at an example… vççÇuççílHçuçcçd ~ GlHçuçb vççÇuçJçCç¥ Oççj³ççÆlç ~ vççÇuçb becomes
the object in the sentence.
Similarly, içá©oíJç: ~ içá©: oíJçm³ç Hçob Oççj³ççÆlç ~ Alternatively it could be: oíJç: içájçí:
ªHçb Oççj³ççÆlç ~ If you look at the examples in the tabular column, you'll begin
to see how one of the words "becomes" the object of the other.
Even if that may not be an authentic explanation, why must we reject it if it
helps us remember what the kçÀcç&Oççj³çmçcççmç: is?!!
sanskrit lesson 64. 12
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© Shri Chitrapur Math
kçÀcç&Oççj³çmçcççmç: mçcçmlçHçocçd çÆJçûçn:
cçnçoíJç: cçnçvçd ®ç DçmççÌ oíJç:
kç=À<CçmçHç&: kç=À<Cç: mçHç&:
vççÇuççílHçuçcçd vççÇuçcçd GlHçuçcçd
oçÇIç&jppçá: oçÇIçç& jppçá:
kçáÀmçácçkçÀçícçuçcçd kçáÀmçácçcçd FJç kçÀçícçuçcçd
®çvêcçáKçcçd ®çvê FJç cçáKçcçd
cçáKçHç¨çcçd cçáKçb Hç¨çcçd FJç
cçáKçkçÀcçuçcçd cçáKçb kçÀcçuçcçd FJç
Hçá©<ççÆmçbn: Hçá©<ç: çÆmçbn: FJç
kç=À<Cçéçílç: kç=À<Cç½ç éçílç½ç (both are
adjectives)
mvççlççvçáçÆuçHlç: mvççlç½ç DçvçáçÆuçHlç½ç (kçwlç
Òçl³ç³ççvlç çÆJçMçí<çCçs)
®çjç®çjcçd ®çjgç Dç®çjgç (opposites)
içá©oíJç: içá©: SJç oíJç:
çÆJçÐççOçvçcçd çÆJçÐçç SJç Oçvçcçd
lçHççíOçvçcçd lçHç: SJç Oçvçcçd
JçíomçcHçlçd Jçío: SJç mçcHçlçd
Dç³ççíO³ççvçiçjçÇ Dç³ççíO³çç FçÆlç vçiçjçÇ
Dççcç´Jç=#ç: Dççcç´: FçÆlç Jç=#ç:
kçáÀHçá$ç: kçáÀçqlmçlç: Hçá$ç:
kçáÀcççlçç kçáÀçqlmçlçç cççlçç
mçáHçá©<ç: MççíYçvç: Hçá©<ç:
mçápçvç: MççíYçvç: pçvç:
mJççiçlçcçd MççíYçvçcçd Dççiçlçcçd
mçcççmç with numbers!! Just the examples themselves will help you figure out
what is what!
Between every word, be sure to add the ®ç . A compound of two words will be
dual and a compound of more than two will be in the plural. A point to be
noted is that words beginning with a vowel and words ending in DçkçÀçjçvlç
should come first.
mçcçmlçHçocçd çÆJçûçn:
mçcçmlçHçocçd çÆJçûçn:
6. yçnáJç´çÇçÆn:
Read our simple explanation again of this particular mçcççmç: (given at the
beginning of the lesson) then let's move on. You'll find either both the words
of the çÆJçûçn: in the same çÆJçYççÆÊçÀ: or they may be in different çÆJçYççÆÊçÀ:s.
Since we are talking about someone else altogether, you need to describe
the compound by adding a ³çb mç:, ³çívç mç:, ³çm³çç: mçç and the like.
In other cases you'll see compounds formed by a combination of mçn with the
lç=lççdzçç çÆJçYççÆÊçÀ:~
mçcçmlçHçocçd çÆJçûçn:
same çÆJçYççÆÊçÀ:
ÒççHlççíokçÀ: ÒççHlçcçd GokçbÀ ³çb mç:
nlçMç$çá: (jçpçç) nlçç: Mç$çJç: ³çívç mç:
kç=ÀlçYççípçvç: kç=Àlçb Yççípçvçb ³çívç mç:
DçOççÇlçkçÀçJ³çç DçOççÇlçb kçÀçJ³çb ³ç³çç mçç
Oç=lçHçá<Hçç Oç=lçççÆvç Hçá<HçççÆCç ³ç³çç mçç
oÊçYççípçvçcçd oÊçb Yççípçvçb ³çmcçÌ mç:
(çÆYç#çákçÀ:)
G×lççÌovçç (mLççuççÇ) G×lç: Dççíovç: ³çm³çç: mçç
HççÆlçlçHçCç&: (Jç=#ç:) HççÆlçlçççÆvç HçCçç&çÆvç ³çmcççlçd mç:
iççÆuçlçHçá<Hçç (uçlçç) iççÆuçlçççÆvç Hçá<HçççÆCç ³çm³çç: mçç
ªHçJçtç³ç&: ªHçJçlççÇ Yçç³çç& ³çm³ç mç:
iç²çYçç³ç&: iç²ç Yçç³çç& ³çm³ç mç:
¢{çYççÆÊçÀ: ¢{ç YççÆÊçÀ: ³çm³ç mç:
similarly : HççÇlçcyçj:,
oMççvçvç:, ®çlçájçvçvç:,
®çlçácç&áKç:, Hç¨ç³ççíçÆvç:
JççÇjHçá©<ç: (ûççcç:) JççÇjç: Hçá©<çç: ³ççqmcçvçd mç:
Different
sanskrit lesson 64. 17
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© Shri Chitrapur Math
çÆJçYççÆÊçÀ:s .
içoçHçççÆCç: içoç HççCççÌ ³çm³ç mç:
iç[ákçÀCþ: iç[á: kçÀCþí ³çm³ç mç:
Yççuç®çvê: Yççuçí ®çvê: ³çm³ç mç:
®çvêcççÌçÆuç: ®çvê: cççÌuççÌ ³çm³ç mç:
çÆJç<çkçÀCþ: çÆJç<çb kçÀCþí ³çm³ç mç:
kçÀCþíkçÀçuç: kçÀCþí kçÀçuç: ³çm³ç mç:
with mçn mçHçá$ç: / mçnHçá$ç: Hçá$çíCç mçn Jçlç&lçí FçÆlç
( Hçá$çíCç mççÆnlç: )
mçkçáÀìácyç: / kçáÀìácyçívç mçn Jçlç&lçí FçÆlç
mçnkçáÀìácyç:
mçkçÀcç&kçÀ: kçÀcç&Cçç mçn Jçlç&lçí FçÆlç
mçuççícçkçÀ: uççícvçç mçn Jçlç&lçí FçÆlç
cçnç³çMçmkçÀ: / cçnlçd ³çMç: ³çm³ç mç: (kçÀHçd is added
cçnç³çMçç: because no other rule is applied to
³çMçmçd when forming the compound)
GoçÊçcçvçmkçÀ: / GoçÊçb cçvç: ³çm³ç mç: (kçÀHçd is added
GoçÊçcçvçç: because no other rule is applied to
cçvçmçd when forming the compound)
kçÀHçd is also added F&éçjkçÀlç&=kçÀ: F&éçj: kçÀlçç& ³çm³ç mç: ($çÝkçÀçjçvlç Hçá.)
when the last
word is a $çÝkçÀçjçvlç
in any gender, or
is an F&kçÀçjçvlç or
TkçÀçjçvlç m$ççÇçÆuç²
word
mçáMççÇuçcççlç=kçÀ: mçáMççÇuçç cççlçç ³çm³ç mç: ($çÝkçÀçjçvlç m$ççÇ.)
DçVçOççlç=kçÀ: DçVçb Oççlç= ³çm³ç mç: ($çÝkçÀçjçvlç vçHçá.)
sanskrit lesson 64. 18
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© Shri Chitrapur Math
mçávojJçOçÓkçÀ: mçávojçÇ JçOçÓ: ³çm³ç mç: (TkçÀçjçvlç m$ççÇçÆuç²)
ªHçJçlm$ççÇkçÀ: ªHçJçlççÇ m$ççÇ ³çm³ç mç: (F&kçÀçjçvlç m$ççÇçÆuç²)
6. DçuçákçdÀ mçcççmç:~
In cases where the çÆJçYççqkçwlç remains in the mçcçmlçHçocçd , DçuçákçdÀ mçcççmç: is seen. It
can be any of the ones that we have studied in detail.
mçcçmlçHçocçd çÆJçûçn:
8. vç_çdmçcççmç: ~
Dçmçvoín: vç mçvoín:
DççÆJçIvç: vç çÆJçIvç:
Dçvçéç: vç Dçéç:
Dçvççiçcçvçcçd vç Dççiçcçvçcçd
sanskrit lesson 64. 19
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© Shri Chitrapur Math
DççÆJçJçço: vç çÆJçJçço:
DçHçìá: vç Hçìá:
DçvçáHçuççqyOç: vç GHçuççqyOç:
DçHçvLçç: / DçHçvLçcçd vç HçvLçç:
DçHçá$ç: DççÆJçÐçcççvç: Hçá$ç: ³çm³ç mç:
DçvçHçl³ç: DççÆJçÐçcççvçcçd DçHçl³çb ³çm³ç mç:
DçHçá$ççÇkçÀ: DççÆJçÐçcççvçç Hçá$ççÇ ³çm³ç mç:
DçÒçpçç: DççÆJçÐçcççvç: Òçpçç ³çm³ç mç:
DçcçíOçç: DççÆJçÐçcççvçç cçíOçç ³çm³ç mç:
Dçmçnç³ç: vç çÆJçÐçlçí mçnç³ç: ³çm³ç mç:
DçvçHçl³çç vç çÆJçÐçlçí DçHçl³çb ³çm³çç: mçç
Dçvç=Cç: vç Dççqmlç $çÝCçb ³çm³ç mç:
9. GHçHçomçcççmç:
This is a mçcççmç: with GHçHços. Here the word GHçHço stands for any noun.
Worksheets.
***
Please do write in case you have any questions regarding this lesson. Hesitate
not and thy doubts shall be gone with the wind!