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Review Questions For: Physiology II-1
Review Questions For: Physiology II-1
There are 101 questions related with topic Respiratory System 10/08/2009
QUESTION 1 1081-20033
Choose the CORRECT response:
B. Increased pH, temperature, 2,3-DPG all shift the oxygen dissociation curve to the right (increase oxygen unloading)
C. The majority of carbon dioxide in the blood is associated with haemoglobin as carbaminohaemoglobin
D. The apex of the lungs is both better ventilated and perfused than the base
E. Lung compliance is a measure of the distensibility of the lungs at a given transpulmonary pressure
QUESTION 2 1081-20034
Choose the CORRECT response:
QUESTION 3 1082-200510
During inspiration, all of the following occur, EXCEPT
QUESTION 4 1082-200511
Choose the CORRECT statement
C. Resistance to flow is especially pronounced during inspiration, as the lungs are trying to inflate
QUESTION 6 1082-200513
Choose the INCORRECT statement
B. The main stimuli for the central chemoreceptor response is a change in PCO2 (via H+)
C. The main stimuli for the peripheral chemoreceptor response is a change in PO2
D. Activation of the chemoreceptor reflex results in the stimulation of the medullary inspiratory neurones
E. The major response to changes in blood gases in initiated by the peripheral chemoreceptor areas
QUESTION 7 1082-200514
Choose the CORRECT statement
E. Upon oxygen binding haemoglobin goes from relaxed to tense form, and this increases affinity for subsequent oxygen
binding
QUESTION 8 1082-200515
The oxyhaemoglobin unloading reaction is increased by
A. increased PO2
B. increased pH
C. increased pCO2
E. decreased temperature
REVIEW QUESTIONS FOR: PHYSIOLOGY II-1 PAGE 3
QUESTION 9 1082-200529
Which of the following is INCORRECT concerning the O2 / CO2 movement and processing through the lungs and
tissues?
A. Binding of O2 to Hb changes its configuration so that CO2 and H+ ions are more likely to dissociate.
C. Carbonic acid is an intermediate in the reaction combining H+ with HCO3- to form H2O and CO2.
D. Arterial blood flows to the tissues where H+ ions combine with HCO3- to form H2O and CO2.
E.
QUESTION 10 1082-20056
Choose the CORRECT statement
A. The mucosal layer of the conducting zone promotes inspiration, opposes expiration
C. The smooth muscle (trachealis) is the innermost layer of the airways, and is important for diameter regulation
D. Ciliated columnar epithelial cells of the mucosal layer play a protective role in removing particulate matter from the
airways
E. The conducting zone extends from (and includes) the nasal cavity to the respiratory bronchioles
QUESTION 11 1082-20057
Choose the CORRECT statement
B. Increasing the volume of the lungs increases the gaseous pressure inside the lungs
D. Endothelial and alveolar cells are only separated by a thin fused basement membrane, greatly falicilating gaseous
exchange
E. Gaseous diffusion is only able to occur in one direction; i.e. oxygen from alveoli to capillary and carbon dioxide from
capillary to alveoli
QUESTION 12 1082-20058
Choose the CORRECT statement:
C. Lung compliance is increased in disease states that result in fibrotic tissue deposition
QUESTION 14 1082-20091
Write the correct sequence of the pathway through which air travels after entering the body.
QUESTION 15 1082-200910
Which of the following is in the correct path of CO2 from the tissue to the atmosphere?
A. Reaction with H2O to make H2CO3, dissociation to H+ and HCO3-, H+ combines with imidazole side chain of
hemoglobin, carried back to lungs as HHb+ and HCO3-, reverse reaction forms CO2.
B. O2 is metabolized to CO2, reaction with H2O to make H2CO3, H2CO3 combines with imidazole side chain of
hemoglobin, H2CO3Hb+ is carried back to the lungs, reverse reaction forms CO2.
C. Reaction with H2O to make H2CO3, dissociation to H+ and HCO3-, HCO3- combines with imidazole side chain of
hemoglobin, carried back to the lungs as HCO3-Hb+ and H+, reverse reaction forms CO2.
D. O2 is metabolized to CO2, reaction with H2O to make H2CO3, dissociation to H+ and HCO3-, carried back to lungs in
this form, reverse reaction forms CO2.
E. None of the above
QUESTION 16 1082-200911
Which of the following is NOT an effector of respiration?
A. Heart
B. diaphragm
C. intercostals
D. Trapezius
A. Terminal bronchioles.
B. Respiratory bronchioles.
C. Alveoli
D. segmental bronchi
E. alveolar ducts.
QUESTION 18 1082-200913
If you increased the left atrial pressure from 5 mmHg to 15 mmHg, what effect would that have on pulmonary
circulation?
B. It would increase the speed at which blood moves through the pulmonary circulation.
C. No change.
QUESTION 19 1082-200914
Which of the following is NOT a normal occurance with increasing age?
QUESTION 20 1082-200915
Which of the following spirometry measurements has the greatest sensitivity for detecting early air flow
obstruction?
A. FVC
B. FEV1
C. FFE
D. FEF25-75
QUESTION 22 1082-200917
During inspiration, how does alveolar pressure compare to atmospheric pressure?
D. Alveolar pressure is one of the few pressures where the reference pressure is not atmospheric.
QUESTION 23 1082-200918
Which of the following represents the pressure difference that acts to distend the lungs?
A. Alveolar pressure
C. Transthoracic pressure
D. Transpulmonary pressure
E. Esophageal pressure.
QUESTION 24 1082-200919
If a patient had a progressive lung disease that required an ever increasing pressure to fill the same volume of lung,
how would the lung's compliance be affected?
E.
REVIEW QUESTIONS FOR: PHYSIOLOGY II-1 PAGE 7
QUESTION 25 1082-20092
Which process DOES NOT occur in the nasal cavity?
B. Exchange of gases
QUESTION 26 1082-200920
An asthma sufferer finds she has to breathe at twice her normal rate. How does that affect her dynamic compliance?
B. It decreases.
C. It increases.
E.
QUESTION 27 1082-200921
According to the Law of Laplace, air should flow from the smaller alveoli to the larger, collapsing them. In the lungs,
several factors counter that tendency, and stabilize the alveolar structures. Which of the following is NOT one of
them?
A. Surfactant lowers surface tension to a greater degree when it is on a smaller surface area, allowing the smaller alveoli
to stay open.
B. Mechanical stability is given by surrounding alveoli.
C. Transpulmonary pressure is lower for smaller alveoli, allowing them to stabilize in comparison to the bigger ones.
D. Surface tension at the gas-liquid interface increases as alveolar surface area increases.
E.
QUESTION 28 1082-200922
Which of the following is FALSE concerning the production and role of lung surfactant?
C. As the alveolar surface area decreases during the compression curve, the surfactant decreases the surface tension
at a constant rate.
D. When surfactant density is decreased during expansion, surface tension initially rises rapidly, then slows down until it
reaches the starting point.
E.
REVIEW QUESTIONS FOR: PHYSIOLOGY II-1 PAGE 8
QUESTION 29 1082-200923
Which of the following is NOT true concerning respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants?
QUESTION 30 1082-200924
If the lung were punctured, which of the following would happen?
B. Both the lung and the chest wall would collapse on the side of the puncture.
C. The relaxation pressure of the chest wall would increase until it surpassed the atmospheric.
D. The relaxation pressure of the chest wall would increase, but stop before it reached atmospheric pressure.
E.
QUESTION 31 1082-200925
Which of the following is FALSE concerning airway resistance?
B. The maximum resistance in the bronchial tree occurs at the fourth generation.
C. In the later generations, the radii are smaller, increasing the total resistance at each successive generation
D. Airway resistance can be increased by loss of tissue elasticity and contraction of bronchial smooth muscles.
E.
QUESTION 32 1082-200926
Which of the following is NOT a function of dead space?
E.
REVIEW QUESTIONS FOR: PHYSIOLOGY II-1 PAGE 9
QUESTION 33 1082-200927
To which of the following is alveolar PCO2 directly proportional?
E.
QUESTION 34 1082-200928
Which of the following statements about Hb is FALSE?
A. A higher P50 than normal means that the O2 binds less tightly to Hb.
QUESTION 35 1082-20093
Spirometer measures:
A. Capacity of lungs
C. Residual air
QUESTION 36 1082-200930
Which of the following pairs is INCORRECT concerning central nervous systems and a factor they respond to by
affecting respiration?
E.
REVIEW QUESTIONS FOR: PHYSIOLOGY II-1 PAGE 10
QUESTION 37 1082-200931
When the diaphragm lowers during breathing
QUESTION 38 1082-200932
Intrapleural pressureincreases when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract.
B. becomes equal to the external environmental air pressure by the action of the respiratory muscles.
E. is the difference between the pressure in the pleural cavity and that within the lung alveoli.
QUESTION 39 1082-200933
The principal muscles of respiration used during normal quiet respiration are -1. Diaphragm. 2. Muscles between the
ribs (intercostals). 3. Muscles in the neck.
A. 2 only
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 1 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
E. 3 only
QUESTION 40 1082-200934
The action of the ribs during breathing
C. This pressure is created by the stronger diaphragmatic contraction compared to intercostal contraction.
QUESTION 42 1082-200937
Which of the following actions takes place on normal inspiration?
QUESTION 43 1082-200938
Forced expiration
A. is called hyperpnea.
QUESTION 44 1082-200939
A normal breath would be equal in volume to
A. vital capacity.
B. inspiratory capacity.
C. complemental volume.
D. residual volume.
E. tidal volume.
REVIEW QUESTIONS FOR: PHYSIOLOGY II-1 PAGE 12
QUESTION 45 1082-20094
The volume of air that can be exhaled after normal exhaltation is the
A. tidal volume.
B. residual volume.
QUESTION 46 1082-200940
The air which one moves in and out of the lungs during normal, quiet breathing is called the
A. supplemental air.
B. vital capacity.
C. inspiratory reserve.
D. alveolar air.
E. tidal volume.
QUESTION 47 1082-200941
The air that passes in and out of the respiratory passages on each normal breath is called the
A. respiratory volume.
B. tidal volume.
C. expiratory volume.
D. residual air.
E. minimal air.
QUESTION 48 1082-200942
The residual volume of air in the lungs
D. is the amount left in the trachea and bronchi at the end of expiration.
E. into blood plasma takes place if the oxygen tension (concentration) of the plasma is higher than that of the alveolar air.
QUESTION 50 1082-200944
The exchange of gases (carbon dioxide and oxygen) between the blood and the air is known as
A. breathing.
B. internal respiration.
C. external respiration.
D. ventilation.
E. inhalation.
QUESTION 51 1082-200945
The exchange of gases between lungs and blood
D. occurs through all the respiratory surfaces, that is trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.
E.
QUESTION 52 1082-200946
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs by
B. diffusion.
C. filtration.
D. osmosis.
E.
REVIEW QUESTIONS FOR: PHYSIOLOGY II-1 PAGE 14
QUESTION 53 1082-200947
Internal respiration is the exchange of gases that occurs
QUESTION 54 1082-200948
The main oxygen-carrying compound of the blood is haemoglobin. As a result of external respiration this compound
is converted to oxyhaemoglobin by
D. losing oxygen.
QUESTION 55 1082-200949
Blood gives up all of its oxygen during passage through
B. the alveoli.
D. none of these.
E.
QUESTION 56 1082-20095
The volume of air in a normal breath is called
B. vital capacity.
C. tidal volume.
D. residual volume
B. The volume of oxygen released from haemoglobin is independent of changes in bodily activity.
C. As oxygenated blood flows past cells, almost all of the contained oxygen diffuses into the cellular cytoplasm.
D. In internal respiration the partial pressure of oxygen comes to equal the partial pressure of carbon dioxide
QUESTION 58 1082-200951
The center for control of normal respiration is located in the
A. medulla.
B. spinal cord.
C. carotid sinus.
D. cerebellum.
E. cerebrum.
QUESTION 59 1082-20096
Most oxygen in the blood is transported
B. as oxyhemoglobin.
C. as carboxyhemoglobin.
D. as bicarbonate
QUESTION 60 1082-20097
The primary chemical stimulus for breathing is the concentration of
A. Metabolism
QUESTION 62 HILL-20091
External respiration refers to:
A. pulmonary ventilation
D. gas exchange between the blood and tissues and oxygen utilization by the tissues
E.
QUESTION 63 HILL-200910
According to Henry's law, the amount of gas that will dissolve in blood plasma or any other liquid is determined by
which of these factors?
C. pH of the liquid
E.
QUESTION 64 HILL-200911
Which of the following changes does not occur when a fetus is delivered and begins to breathe on its own for the
first time?
E.
REVIEW QUESTIONS FOR: MCGRAW-HILL QUIZ PAGE 17
QUESTION 65 HILL-200912
The bends are symptomatic of _________________.
A. nitrogen narcosis
B. decompression sickness
E.
QUESTION 66 HILL-200913
If a person's PCO2 remains chronically high, as in emphysema, the peripheral chemoreceptors become insensitive
to hypercapnia and pulmonary ventiliation becomes stimulated by _________ rather than by increases in blood
PCO2.
A. hypocapnia
B. acidosis
C. hypoxic drive
D. the Hering-Breuer reflex
E.
QUESTION 67 HILL-200914
The __________ makes it virtually impossible to voluntarily over-inflate the lungs.
A. apneustic center
B. Hering-Breuer reflex
C. hypercapnia
D. inspiratory neurons
E.
QUESTION 68 HILL-200915
Hemoglobin that has undergone oxidation of the iron is known as ______________.
A. carboxyhemoglgobin
B. methemoglobin
C. reduced hemoglobin
D. carbaminohemoglobin
E.
REVIEW QUESTIONS FOR: MCGRAW-HILL QUIZ PAGE 18
QUESTION 69 HILL-200916
Epinephrine can be used to treat an asthmatic attack without the danger of also overstimulating the heart.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
C.
D.
E.
QUESTION 70 HILL-200917
When deoxyhemoglobin binds to oxygen, it becomes oxidized hemoglobin.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
C.
D.
E.
QUESTION 71 HILL-200918
In a standing person, the alveoli located at the base of the lung are better ventilated (in liters per minute) than the
alveoli found at the apex of the lung.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
C.
D.
E.
QUESTION 72 HILL-200919
Fetal hemoglobin or hemoglobin F does not bind oxygen as well as adult hemoglobin, hemoglobin A.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
C.
D.
E.
REVIEW QUESTIONS FOR: MCGRAW-HILL QUIZ PAGE 19
QUESTION 73 HILL-20092
A chest wound can introduce air into the intrapleural space, a condition known as _______________.
A. intrapleural pressure
C. pneumothorax
D. decompression sickness
E.
QUESTION 74 HILL-200920
Acidosis is a state in which the blood and tissue fluid have an acidic pH.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
C.
D.
E.
QUESTION 75 HILL-200921
External respiration refers to ________________.
A. pulmonary ventilation
D. gas exchange between the blood and tissues and oxygen utilization by the tissues
E.
QUESTION 76 HILL-200922
A chest wound can introduce air into the intrapleural space, a condition known as _______________.
A. intrapleural pressure
C. pneumothorax
D. decompression sickness
E.
REVIEW QUESTIONS FOR: MCGRAW-HILL QUIZ PAGE 20
QUESTION 77 HILL-200923
According to _________, if it were not for pulmonary surfactants, we should expect the surface tension in a small
alveolus to produce greater pressure than in a large one and air would flow from the smaller alveolus to into the
larger one.
A. Henry's law
B. Dalton's law
C. LaPlace's law
D. Boyle's law
E.
QUESTION 78 HILL-200924
A deficiency of lung surfactant may result in ______________.
C. pneumothorax
E.
QUESTION 79 HILL-200925
A restrictive lung disorder is indicated by a below normal _____________.
A. vital capacity
C. residual volume
E.
QUESTION 80 HILL-200926
Any lung disease that reduces the forced expiratory volume (FEV), but does not significantly affect the vital capacity
is categorized purely as a(n) ____________.
B. pulmonary fibrosis
E.
REVIEW QUESTIONS FOR: MCGRAW-HILL QUIZ PAGE 21
QUESTION 81 HILL-200927
Which of the following is classified as a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and is commonly known as a black
lung disease?
A. asthma
B. pneumothorax
C. bronchitis
D. anthracosis
E.
QUESTION 82 HILL-200928
Obstruction of circulation through the lungs can put a strain on the right ventricle, which must work to pump blood
against this increased resistance and can lead to failure of that chamber. This syndrome is known as
___________________.
A. anthracosis
C. asthma
D. cor pulmonale
E.
QUESTION 83 HILL-200929
A dry mixture of gases has a total pressure of 600 mmHg and the oxygen comprises 20% of the gas mixture. The
partial pressure of oxygen (P02) is therefore equal to _________.
A. 0.2
B. 12
C. 120 mmHg
D. 200 mmHg
E.
QUESTION 84 HILL-20093
According to _________, if it were not for pulmonary surfactants, we should expect the surface tension in a small
alveolus to produce greater pressure than in a large one and air would flow from the smaller alveolus to into the
larger one.
A. Henry's law
B. Dalton's law
C. LaPlace's law
D. Boyle's law
E.
REVIEW QUESTIONS FOR: MCGRAW-HILL QUIZ PAGE 22
QUESTION 85 HILL-200930
According to Henry's law, the amount of gas that will dissolve in blood plasma or any other liquid is determined by
which of these factors?
C. pH of the liquid
E.
QUESTION 86 HILL-200931
Which of the following changes does not occur when a fetus is delivered and begins to breathe on its own for the
first time?
E.
QUESTION 87 HILL-200932
The bends are symptomatic of _________________.
A. nitrogen narcosis
B. decompression sickness
E.
QUESTION 88 HILL-200933
If a person's PCO2 remains chronically high, as in emphysema, the peripheral chemoreceptors become insensitive
to hypercapnia and pulmonary ventiliation becomes stimulated by _________ rather than by increases in blood
PCO2.
A. hypocapnia
B. acidosis
C. hypoxic drive
D. the Hering-Breuer reflex
E.
REVIEW QUESTIONS FOR: MCGRAW-HILL QUIZ PAGE 23
QUESTION 89 HILL-200934
The __________ makes it virtually impossible to voluntarily over-inflate the lungs.
A. apneustic center
B. Hering-Breuer reflex
C. hypercapnia
D. inspiratory neurons
E.
QUESTION 90 HILL-200935
Hemoglobin that has undergone oxidation of the iron is known as ______________.
A. carboxyhemoglgobin
B. methemoglobin
C. reduced hemoglobin
D. carbaminohemoglobin
E.
QUESTION 91 HILL-200936
Epinephrine can be used to treat an asthmatic attack without the danger of also overstimulating the heart.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
C.
D.
E.
QUESTION 92 HILL-200937
When deoxyhemoglobin binds to oxygen, it becomes oxidized hemoglobin.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
C.
D.
E.
REVIEW QUESTIONS FOR: MCGRAW-HILL QUIZ PAGE 24
QUESTION 93 HILL-200938
In a standing person, the alveoli located at the base of the lung are better ventilated (in liters per minute) than the
alveoli found at the apex of the lung.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
C.
D.
E.
QUESTION 94 HILL-200939
Fetal hemoglobin or hemoglobin F does not bind oxygen as well as adult hemoglobin, hemoglobin A.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
C.
D.
E.
QUESTION 95 HILL-20094
A deficiency of lung surfactant may result in ______________.
C. pneumothorax
E.
QUESTION 96 HILL-200940
Acidosis is a state in which the blood and tissue fluid have an acidic pH.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
C.
D.
E.
REVIEW QUESTIONS FOR: MCGRAW-HILL QUIZ PAGE 25
QUESTION 97 HILL-20095
A restrictive lung disorder is indicated by a below normal ________
A. vital capacity
C. residual volume
E.
QUESTION 98 HILL-20096
Any lung disease that reduces the forced expiratory volume (FEV), but does not significantly affect the vital capacity
is categorized purely as a(n) ____________.
B. pulmonary fibrosis
E.
QUESTION 99 HILL-20097
Which of the following is classified as a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and is commonly known as a black
lung disease?
A. asthma
B. pneumothorax
C. bronchitis
D. anthracosis
E.
C. asthma
D. cor pulmonale
E.
REVIEW QUESTIONS FOR: MCGRAW-HILL QUIZ PAGE 26
QUESTION 101 HILL-20099
A dry mixture of gases has a total pressure of 600 mmHg and the oxygen comprises 20% of the gas mixture. The
partial pressure of oxygen (P02) is therefore equal to _________.
A. 0.2
B. 12
C. 120 mmHg
D. 200 mmHg
E.