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  • LNG Basics Spe DL

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    Barita JonBos Silalahi
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    The document discusses funding sources and an overview for the Society of Petroleum Engineers Distinguished Lecturer Program on LNG basics for petroleum engineers. Primary funding comes from member donations to the SPE Foundation and a contribution from Offshore Europe. Additional support is provided by AIME. The lecture provides an overview of typical LNG plant processes and equipment, including pre-treatment, liquefaction, storage, and loading systems. It also discusses various commercial liquefaction processes and advances in plant designs.

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    Tentang pemahaman dasar mengenai LNG yang sangat berguna bagi dunia perminyakan.

    Original Title

    Lng Basics Spe Dl

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    The document discusses funding sources and an overview for the Society of Petroleum Engineers Distinguished Lecturer Program on LNG basics for petroleum engineers. Primary funding comes from member donations to the SPE Foundation and a contribution from Offshore Europe. Additional support is provided by AIME. The lecture provides an overview of typical LNG plant processes and equipment, including pre-treatment, liquefaction, storage, and loading systems. It also discusses various commercial liquefaction processes and advances in plant designs.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    49 views24 pages

    LNG Basics Spe DL

    Uploaded by

    Barita JonBos Silalahi
    The document discusses funding sources and an overview for the Society of Petroleum Engineers Distinguished Lecturer Program on LNG basics for petroleum engineers. Primary funding comes from member donations to the SPE Foundation and a contribution from Offshore Europe. Additional support is provided by AIME. The lecture provides an overview of typical LNG plant processes and equipment, including pre-treatment, liquefaction, storage, and loading systems. It also discusses various commercial liquefaction processes and advances in plant designs.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 24

    Primary funding is provided by

    The SPE Foundation through member donations and a contribution from Offshore Europe
    The Society is grateful to those companies that allow their professionals to serve as lecturers Additional support provided by AIME

    Society of Petroleum Engineers Distinguished Lecturer Program


    www.spe.org/dl

    LNG Basics for Petroleum Engineers

    Michael Choi

    Present an Overview of LNG Plant



    Oman LNG Plant

    Why LNG? Typical Multi-Trains Plant Pre-Treatment Required Unique Auxiliary Facilities Natural Gas Liquefaction Thermodynamics Commercial Liquefaction Processes Equipment for Liquefaction Novel Plant Concepts Concluding Remarks

    Stranded Gas Looking for Markets


    LNG Proved to be Most Economic for Distances >1,500 Mile Transported in Insulated Tankers @ -162C & 1 atm. Volume Reduction of 600:1

    Supply Demand

    LNG Process & Equipment ?


    Big Refrigeration System

    Compressor/Driver Refrigerant Condenser Evaporator (Process Heat Exchanger)

    Similar to the AC System in Our Home!

    Typical 2-Train LNG Plant


    Gas Gathering Inlet Gas Reception 1.7 Bcfd Liquid Train 2 NGL Fractionation Propane Storage Gas MakeUp Fuel Train 1 Inlet Gas Treating NGL Recovery Liquefaction Fuel

    LNG Storage
    LNG 9 Mtpa (1.2 Bcfd)

    Propane .73 Mtpa (27 Mbpd) Butane .5 Mtpa (17 Mbpd) Condensate 1.2 Mtpa (34 Mbpd) 6

    Condensate Stabilization

    Butane Storage
    Condensate Storage

    Typical 2-Train LNG Plant


    Gas Gathering Inlet Gas Reception 1.7 Bcfd Liquid Gas MakeUp Fuel Train 1 Inlet Gas Treating NGL Recovery Liquefaction Fuel

    LNG Storage
    LNG 9 Mtpa (1.2 Bcfd)

    Inlet Gas Reception NGL Recovery Inlet Gas Treating Pipeline Manifold for Scrub Column/KO after C3 Pre-Cool Amine CO H2S Removal NGL 2& Train 2 NGL Fractionation Fractionation Pig Receivers Primarily C4+ to Prevent Freezing <50 ppm & < 4 ppm Deethanizer Inlet Separator LNG Heat Value Important for US & Compression Sulfur Recovery Unit if H 2S Vapor Condensate European Markets Slug Catcher Mol Sieve Dehydration* DepropanizerStabilization & Treating 1,070 btu/scf Max < 100 ppb 95% & 200 psig VP Condensate Stabilization Need Turbo-Expander for High Mercury Vapor Removal* <.5ppm H S & <15ppm S Multi-Stage Column 2 C3+ Removal Activated Carbon Adsorber Debutanizer & Treating Vapor Compressor 95% & 70psia psigRVP VP @100F 10-12 <.5ppm H2S & <15ppm S De-Odorized

    Propane Storage

    Propane .73 Mtpa (27 Mbpd) Butane .5 Mtpa (17 Mbpd) Condensate 1.2 Mtpa (34 Mbpd) 7

    Butane Storage
    Condensate Storage

    180,000 M3 LNG Tank


    Full-Containment Tank to Reduce Impound Area & Improve Safety Approx. 75M Dia x 40M H Insulated for <.05%/D of Boil-off

    Total Capacity Based on Tanker Size (135,000 M3) Plus 4+-Days Production Top Entry In-Tank Pumps

    Inside the Tanks

    Single-Stage

    Multi-Stage

    Tank with Pump Caissons


    9

    LNG Loading System



    16 Chiksan Type 3+1 LNG Arms 3,500 M3/Hr/Ea. 10,500 M3/Hr 140K M3 Tanker 4+1 Systems 14,000 M3/Hr Qmax & Qflex 200K+ M3 1 Vapor Return
    10

    Cost of Refrigeration
    Methane or Nitrogen

    Cost/Btu Removed

    Ethylene -162C

    Propane

    Air/Water 25C
    11

    Temperature

    Natural Gas Liquefaction Processes


    25C Gas Cooling

    Condensation Temperature
    Min. DT

    Liquid Sub-cooling
    -162C H (Enthalpy - Heat Removed)
    12

    Cascade LNG Process


    Temperature

    Most Straight Forward of All Processes Kenai Plant Continuous Operation 1969 CoP License, Plant Build by Bechtel

    80F

    Propane Refrig. 1st Stage 2nd Stage 3th Stage 1st Stage Ethylene Refrig 2nd Stage 1st Stage 2nd Stage Methane Refrig. . 3th Stage CoP Optimized Cascade Refrigerant Cycle

    -260F

    H (Enthalpy - Heat Removed)

    Kenai, Alaska

    13

    C3 Precooled Mixed Refrigerant Process



    Most Widely Used Licensed by APCI 1st Plant in Algeria Operating Since 1972 Plants Built by KBR, Chiyoda, JGC, FW
    80F
    Propane Refrig. 1st Stage 2nd Stage 3th Stage

    Propane PreCooled Mixed Refrigerant Cycle

    Temperature

    Mixed Refrigerant

    -260F

    H (Enthalpy - Heat Removed)

    QatarGas LNG Plant

    14

    APCI AP-X Process


    Largest Train Capacity @ 8 Mtpa Overcome Spiral Wound MCHE Limit First Unit Started in 2009 (QG-II) No Plants Outside of Qatar APCI Supplies
    Process Design Cold Boxes Spiral Wound Exchanger Turbo-Expanders

    15

    All Processes Use Similar Equipment

    GE MS7001 FB Gas Turbine

    Most New Plants Use Large Gas Turbine (& Combined Cycle) to Drive Refrigerant Compressors Some Older & Smaller Trains Have Steam Turbine Drives Many Peak Shaving Plants on Electric Drives Use Large Process Type Centrifugal Compressors Main Difference is in the Cryogenic Heat Exchangers
    16

    Main Cryogenic Heat Exchanger Use by Mixed Refrigerant Process


    Air Products & Chemicals & Linde: Spiral Wound Ex. Max. Diameter: 5,030mm Height: ~55m Stainless Steel Core 25mm Aluminum Tubing Externally Insulated Chill & Liquefy Gas From 34C to 152C At 55 to 69 Barg

    17

    APCIs MR Main Cryogenic Heat Exchanger (MCHE) Spiral Wound Design

    18

    Heat Exchanger for Cascade Process

    Plate Fin Exchanger

    Many Manufacturers Use Extensively in Air Separation Cascade & Other LNG Processes Cold Box Configuration
    19

    Advances in LNG Plants


    Onshore Conventional Design Near-shore GBS Design

    Offshore Steel or Concrete Floater


    20

    Conclusions
    LNG Liquefaction Process Same as AC System in Our Home Pre-Treatment Facilities Can Dwarf Liquefaction System Mole Sieve Dehydration & Mercury Removal Required Gas Treating & NGL Extraction May be Needed Stabilized Condensate & Fractionated NGL Add Value LNG Exchangers, Storage & Loading Systems Are Unique Commercial Liquefaction Processes Well Proven, Robust & Can be Optimized for Plant Size, Gas Composition, Sales & Commercial Needs Novel Near-Shore & Offshore Floating Concepts Are Developed

    21

    LNG ?

    22

    Your Feedback is Important


    Enter your section in the DL Evaluation Contest by completing the evaluation form for this presentation :

    Click on:

    Section Evaluation

    Society of Petroleum Engineers Distinguished Lecturer Program


    www.spe.org/dl

    23

    http://research.spe.org/se.ashx?s=705E3F13128DC9C5

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