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Engineering Science - Static Engineering Systems
Engineering Science - Static Engineering Systems
4m
45k
N
R1 R2
6m
4 × 45 =180
180 = 6 × R2
R2 = 30
R1 = 45 − 30
R1 =15
Therefore the reaction forces at either end of the beam are R2 = 30 & R1 = 15
I can check this by making sure the values of the forces add up to 0
15 - 45 + 30 = 0
Page 1 of 8
Steve Goddard
20
15
1.3 Make appropriate calculations and draw the bending moment
diagram
10
0 0
1 15 x 1 = 15
2 15 x 2 = 30
3 15 x 3 = 45
4 15 x 4 = 60
5 15 x 5 – 45 x 1 = 30
6 15 x 6 – 45 x 2 = 0
0
0 0.5
Page 2 of 8
Steve Goddard
70
1.4 List suitable universal beam sections that will support the 45kN load
from the attached table and then select the lightest
M σ
=
I y
60
Rearranging this means that:
M I
= =Ζ
σ y
Using my values
M 60 × 10 3 −3 10 6 cm 3
= = 0 . 5 × 10 m 3
× = 0.5 × 10 3 cm 3 = 500 cm 3
σ 120 × 10 6 m 3
356 x 127
305 x 165
50 39
54
571.8
753.3
46 647.9
40 561.2
305 x 127 48 612.4
42 531.2
254 x 146 43 505.3
Page 3 of 8 40
Steve Goddard
1.5 Recalculate the reaction forces at either end, taking into account the
actual weight of the beam as a UDL.
382.59 x 6m = 2295.54N
2295 .54 N
∴R3 = 15 KN + = 16 .147 KN
2
2295 .54 N
and R4 = 30 KN + = 31 .147 KN
2
1.6 Determine the actual maximum bending stress in the selected beam,
taking into account the actual weight of the beam as a UDL and check
whether your section is still appropriate by comparing this stress with
the maximum allowable bending stress.
x 2W 4 2 × 0.383
So BM = xR1 − = ( 4 ×16 .147 ) − ( )
2 2
= (64 .6) − (3.064 ) = 61 .54 kN
61 .54 Nm × M 2
So Ζ = = 512 .83 cm 3
120 x10 6 N
Page 4 of 8
Steve Goddard
70
60
In this problem the bending moment diagram is almost identical to the one
without the added UDL. This is because the mass of the beam as a UDL is very
small in the comparison to the point load of 45kN. On my graph I have shown an
exaggerated line to show it easier.
If the UDL was larger in comparison to the point load you would be able to see the
curve of the parabola more easily.
50
40
Page 5 of 8
Steve Goddard
M σ E
≡ ≡
I y R
I = 85 .1 ×10 6 mm 4 = 85 .4 ×10 −6 m 4
61 .519 K 200 G
−6
≡
85 .4 ×10 R
200 G
R≡ = 277 .638
7.204 ×10 8
2. Select the lightest wide flange section that can be used as a steel column 7m long to
support an axial load of 450kN with a factor of safety of 3. Use 200MPa as the limit of
elasticity, 200GPa as the modulus of elasticity, 200GPa as the modulus of elasticity
and assume that the column is simply supported.
π 2 EI
Pcr =
L2
I transposed this to make I the subject
Pcr × L2
I=
π 2E
Next I put my own values in and calculated the second moment of area.
(1350 × 10 3 ) × 49 N ×M 66150
I= 2
= = 33.512 M 4 = 3351 cm 4
1973.92 N /M 1973.92
Therefore looking at my table the most suitable flange section would be 254 x 254
with a mass per unit length of 73 Kg.
F 800 NM
σmax = = = 63 .662 MPa
A 12 .5663 M 2
3.2 The angle of twist over a 2m length of shaft, given that the modulus
of rigidity of the shaft material is 60GN/m2
Page 6 of 8
Steve Goddard
LT 2 ×800 1600
θ= = −6
= = 0.106 rads
GJ 60 ×10 (0.251 ×10 ) 15060
9
= 6.07
πJ
T =
R
π 3.142
J = (D 4 − d 4 ) = (0.12 4 − 0.06 4 ) = 1.9085 ×10 −5 mm 4
32 32
ω = 2πn
Page 7 of 8
Steve Goddard
Bibliography
http://www.roymech.co.uk/Useful_Tables/Beams/Shear_Bending.html
http://people.arch.usyd.edu.au/~mike/Struct01/Structures01.html
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