Design of Shell & Tube HX
Design of Shell & Tube HX
Shell Side
11
Water
Tube Side
SHELL SIDE
Ethylene
symbol
values
units
TUBE SIDE
-1
Water
SI Values
symbol
values
units
SI Values
Thermophysical Properties :
Density of Fluid
S =
Viscosity
S =
Thermal Conductivity
kS =
Specific Heat
cp,S =
Fouling Factor
RdO =
Temperature In
TS,in =
kg/m3
840
cP
0.33
0.1156 J/s m K
2.093 KJ/kg K
0.00021 h m2 C / kcal
Density of Fluid
T =
0.00033
Viscosity
T =
0.11560
Thermal Conductivity
840.00000
2093.00000
0.00018
kT =
Specific Heat
cp,T =
Fouling Factor
Rdi =
kg/m3
993
kg/ms
0.0008
0.623 J/s m K
4.175 KJ/kg K
0.00035 h m2 C / kcal
993.00000
0.00080
0.62300
4175.00000
0.00030
Temperature T:
Temperature Out
135
40
TS,out =
408.15000
Temperature In
313.15000
Temperature Out
Ethylene
Specify :
mS = 0.57870371
kg/s
qS = 0.00068893
m /s
Heat Duty
Q = 115066.551
J/sec
TT,in =
TT,out =
50
Range:
350 kcal/h m2 C
U* =
Correction Factor
R=
Auto
fT =
9.5
303.15000
313.15000
tonne/day 5.7870370500E-01
mT = 2.75608506
kg/s
qT = 0.00277551
m3/s
LMTD Calculation:
115066.5512
Flow Type :
[assume] Overall Heat
Transfer coefficient
30
40
407.05
0
S=
0.095238095
fT =
0.8
LMTD (corrected)
Counter-Current
T1 =
T2 =
95
10
0
LMTD = 37.7561008
LMTD* = 30.2048806
AHT =
9.358887
m2
4.5
0.75
16
Design Specifications :
Shell Diameter
DS =
10
in.
0.254
Tube Clearance
Baffle Spacing
Tube Pitch
cT =
0.0064
0.1
1
m
m
in.
0.0064
0.1
0.0254
B=
PT =
Length of Tube
LT =
dO =
[= cT B DS / PT]
Equivalent Diameter
DH = 0.0180335
m
aS =
0.0064
m2
No. of Tubes
No. of Tubes per Pass
=
di =
aST = 0.269313
NT =
n=
35
9
4.5
in.
BWG
0.01905
0.001651
0.015748
m2
No. of Tube Passes NP :
4
aT = 0.00175301
m2
Phase:
uT = 1.58328889
m/s
Liquid
Mass Velocity
[= mS / aS]
GS = 90.4224539
kg/m2 s
Mass Velocity
[= mT / aT]
GT = 1572.20587
kg/m2 s
[= DHGS/S]
Prandtl #
[= cp,S S / kS]
ReS =
PrS =
Auto
hO,S = 447.68172
Reynolds #
[= TuTdi /T]
Prandtl #
5.975
NuS = 69.8380622
jH =
32
Method:
Turbulent Flow
4941
[= cp,T T /kT]
30949
Turbulent Flow
5.361
Auto
NuT = 174.845638
jH =
85
hi,T = 6916.9947
W/mK
Udo = 338.6124
W/mK
Method:
W/mK
ReT =
PrT =
g=
Friction Factor (use graph)
fS=
0.052
Number of Baffles
Nb =
44
fT=
0.0037
Pressure Drop
PS = 16.3676429
kg / m2
Return Loss
PT = 537.108877
Pr = 2032.04579
PS = 16.367643
kg / m2
PT = 2569.1547
Pressure Drop
kg / m2
kg / m2
kg / m2
9.8
Background
A shell and tube heat exchanger, also known as the workhorse of industrial process
heat
a class of
heatofexchanger
designs.
It is transfer,
the mostiscommon
type
heat exchanger
in oil refineries and other large chemical
processes, and is suited for higher-pressure applications. Other types of heat exchangers
are used when economical. Though the application of other types of heat exchangers is
increasing, the shell and tube heat exchanger will continue its popularity for a long time,
largely because of its versatility
Construction
As its name implies, this type of heat exchanger consists of a shell (a large pressure
vessel) with a bundle of tubes inside it. One fluid runs through the tubes, and another
fluid flows over the tubes (through the shell) to transfer heat between the two fluids.
The set of tubes is called a tube bundle, and may be composed by several types of tubes:
plain, and
longitudinally
finned, etc.units can be designed for almost any combination of
Shell
tube heat exchanger
pressure and temperature.
Requirements of Heat Exchangers
Heat exchangers have to fulfil1 the following requirements:
1. High thermal effectiveness
2. Pressure drop as low as possible
3. Reliability and life expectancy
4. High-quality product and safe operation
5. Material compatibility with the process fluids
6. Convenient size, easy for installation, reliable in use
7. Easy for maintenance and servicing
8. Light in weight but strong in construction to withstand the operational pressures
9. Simplicity of manufacture
10. Low cost
11. Possibility of effecting repair to maintenance problems
Design Equations of Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers
Reference: http://www.engineeringpage.com/technology/thermal/transfer.html
Water
Hot fluid
Cold fluid
Water
Organic Solvents
Light Oils
Heavy Oils
Reduced Crude
Regenerated DEA
Gases (P = atm)
Gases (P = 200 bar)
Water
Organic Solvents
Light oils
Heavy oils
Flashed crude
Foul DEA
Gases (P = atm)
Gases (P = 200 bar)
250
750
U (W/m2C)
800
100
100
50
35
450
5
100
1500
300
400
300
150
650
35
300
250
350
60
75
5
150
20
150
600
15
750
700
300
200
35
400
300
500
1200
250
1500
500
300
60
30
50
20
30
30
4000
1000
900
450
300
300
200
100
100
1000
700
1500
1000
Coolers
Organic Solvents
Light Oils
Heavy Oils
Reduced Crude
Gases (P = atm)
Gases (P = 200 bar)
Gases
Organic Solvents
Water
Gases
Water
Water
Water
Water
Water
Water
Water
Brine
Brine
Brine
Heaters
Steam
Steam
Steam
Steam
Steam
Dowtherm
Dowtherm
Flue Gases
Flue Gases
Water
Organic Solvents
Light Oils
Heavy Oils
Gases
Heavy Oils
Gases
Steam
Hydrocarbon Vapours
Condensors
Aqueous Vapours
Organic Vapours
Water
Water
Refinery Hydrocarbons
Organics (some non-condensables)
Vacuum Condensors
Water
Water
Water
Steam
Steam
Steam
Dowtherm
Aqueous Solution
Light organics
Heavy Organics
Refinery Hydrocarbons
400
500
200
550
700
500
1000
900
600
250
1500
1200
900
550
Vaporisers
er.html
Index
11
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
Special Thanks:
Page 37 | Ernest E. Ludwig' Applied Process Design for Chemical & Petroc
Reference:
Pitch Type
dO (m)
PT (m)
Triangular
0.01905
0.0254
44
72
96
134
180
232
294
inches
10
12
13.25
15.25
17.25
19.25
21.25
Inner Diameter of
SHELL
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
4
4
4
6
6
6
6
6
8
8
8
8
8
metres
Triangular
0.01905
0.0238125
Triangular
0.01905
0.0254
Square
0.01905
0.0254
Triangular
0.0254
0.03175
Square
0.0254
0.03175
Triangular
0.01905
0.0238125
Triangular
0.01905
0.0254
Square
0.01905
0.0254
Triangular
0.0254
0.03175
Square
0.0254
0.03175
Triangular
0.01905
0.0238125
Triangular
0.01905
0.0254
Square
0.01905
0.0254
Triangular
0.0254
0.03175
Square
0.0254
0.03175
Triangular
0.01905
0.0238125
Triangular
0.01905
0.0254
Square
0.01905
0.0254
Triangular
0.0254
0.03175
Square
0.0254
0.03175
Triangular
0.01905
0.0238125
Triangular
0.01905
0.0254
Square
0.01905
0.0254
Triangular
0.0254
0.03175
Square
0.0254
0.03175
Tube Count
69
57
53
33
33
58
56
48
32
26
48
44
48
24
24
105
91
85
57
45
94
90
78
52
40
84
72
72
44
40
135
117
101
73
65
124
110
94
62
56
108
96
88
60
48
80
66
54
34
193
157
139
103
83
166
154
126
92
76
154
134
126
78
74
116
104
78
56
44
94
82
247
217
183
133
111
228
208
172
126
106
196
180
142
104
84
174
156
116
82
66
140
124
94
66
307
277
235
163
139
300
264
222
162
136
266
232
192
138
110
230
202
158
112
88
198
170
132
90
74
391
343
287
205
179
370
326
280
204
172
332
294
242
176
142
294
258
212
150
116
258
224
174
120
94
ign for Chemical & Petrochemical Plants, 3rd Ed, Vol.3 (1999)
ed Tubes]
hangers
35
Calculated # of Tubes
Tube Count
Index
360
424
508
596
692
802
912
1024
12
23.25
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
10
481
423
355
247
215
452
398
346
244
218
412
360
308
212
188
372
322
266
182
154
332
286
228
154
128
553
493
419
307
255
528
468
408
292
248
484
424
366
258
214
440
388
324
226
184
398
344
286
190
150
663
577
495
361
303
626
556
486
346
298
576
508
440
308
260
532
464
394
274
226
484
422
352
240
192
763
667
587
427
359
734
646
560
410
348
680
596
510
368
310
632
548
460
338
268
576
496
414
298
230
881
765
665
481
413
846
746
644
462
402
788
692
590
422
360
732
640
536
382
318
682
588
490
342
280
1019
889
765
551
477
964
858
746
530
460
904
802
688
486
414
844
744
634
442
368
790
694
576
400
334
1143
1007
865
633
545
1088
972
840
608
522
1024
912
778
560
476
964
856
224
514
430
902
798
662
466
388
1269
1127
965
699
595
1242
1088
946
688
584
1172
1024
880
638
534
1106
964
818
586
484
1040
902
760
542
438
0.254
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
tonne/day
tonne/h
tonne/day
2.77777778E-01
1.15740741E-02
tonne/yr
3.17097921E-05
GaugeRange
(7/0)
(6/0)
(5/0)
(4/0)
(3/0)
(2/0)
0
1
g/s
1.00000000E-03
Organic Solvents
g/min
g/h
g/day
lb/s
1.66666667E-05
2.77777778E-07
1.15740741E-08
4.53592370E-01
Organic Vapours
Organics (some non-condensables)
Reduced Crude
Refinery Hydrocarbons
lb/min
7.55987283E-03
3
4
5
6
7
lb/h
1.25997881E-04
Steam
1.25997881E-01
Water
kg/s
kg/min
kg/h
kg/day
1.15740741E-02
Mass.FR
1.00000000E+00
1.66666667E-02
2.77777778E-04
1.15740741E-05
Mlb/h
lb/day
M lb/day
MM lb/day
tn(short)/s
tn(short)/min
tn(short)/h
tn(short)/day
tn(long)/s
tn(long)/min
tn(long)/h
tn(long)/day
5.24991169E-06
5.24991169E-03
5.24991169E+00
9.07184740E+02
1.51197457E+01
2.51995761E-01
1.04998234E-02
1.01604691E+03
1.69341152E+01
2.82235253E-01
1.17598022E-02
Vol.FR
m3/sec
1.00000000E+00
m3/min
1.66700000E-02
m3/h
2.77800000E-04
m3/day
1.15700000E-05
L/sec
1.00000000E-03
L/min
1.66700000E-05
L/h
2.77800000E-07
L/day
1.15700000E-08
barrel/s
1.58987295E-01
barrel/min
2.64960000E-03
barrel/h
4.41600000E-05
barrel/day
1.84000000E-06
gallon/s [US]
3.78541200E-03
gallon/min [US]
6.30900000E-05
gallon/h [US]
1.05200000E-06
gallon/day [US]
4.38333333E-08
MGPD
4.38100000E-05
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
Hot.Fluids
Aqueous Vapours
Dowtherm
Flue Gases
Gases
Gases (P = 200 bar)
Gases (P = atm)
Heavy Oils
Light Oils
Regenerated DEA
Cold.Fluids
Aqueous Solution
Brine
Flashed Crude
Foul DEA
Gases
Gases (P = 200 bar)
Gases (P = atm)
Heavy Oils
Heavy Organics
Hydrocarbon Vapours
Light Oils
Light Organics
Organic Solvents
Refinery Hydrocarbons
Steam
Water
MMGPD
gallon/s [UK]
gallon/min [UK]
gallon/h [UK]
gallon/day [UK]
4.38100000E-02
4.54609000E-03
7.57681667E-05
1.26280278E-06
5.26167824E-08
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Process.Fluid
Ethylene
Water
Process.FR
Mass Flow Rate
Volumetric Flow Rate
Fluid.Side
Shell Side
Tube Side
FlowType
Parallel
Counter-Current
PitchType
Triangular
Square
Temp.
K
C
F
Length
Gauge
Density
Viscosity
Thermal.Cond
m
cm
BWG
SWG
kg/m
g/L
mm
AWG
g/cm3
3
ft
lb/ft
in.
lb/in.
W/m K
Heat.Capacity
J/kg K
HT.C.
W/m2 K
Fouling.Factor
m2 K / W
J/s m K
KJ/kg K
cal/s m2 C
s m2 C / cal
BTU/hr ft F
cal/g C
kcal/h m C
h m C / kcal
BTU/lb F
BTU/hr ft2 F
hr ft2 F / BTU
kg/ms
P
cP
FT.Entry
Auto
Manual
Phase
Gas
Liquid
Tube.Pitch.Values
15/16
1
1 1/4
Hi.Calc
Auto
Manual
B.W.G
inches
(7/0)
(6/0)
(5/0)
(4/0)
(3/0)
(2/0)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
0.5
0.454
0.425
0.38
0.34
0.3
0.284
0.259
0.238
0.22
0.203
0.18
0.165
0.148
0.134
0.12
0.109
0.095
0.083
0.072
0.065
0.058
0.049
0.042
0.035
0.032
0.028
0.025
0.022
0.02
0.018
0.016
0.014
0.013
0.012
0.01
0.009
0.008
0.007
0.005
0.004
m
0.0127
0.0115316
0.010795
0.009652
0.008636
0.00762
0.0072136
0.0065786
0.0060452
0.005588
0.0051562
0.004572
0.004191
0.0037592
0.0034036
0.003048
0.0027686
0.002413
0.0021082
0.0018288
0.001651
0.0014732
0.0012446
0.0010668
0.000889
0.0008128
0.0007112
0.000635
0.0005588
0.000508
0.0004572
0.0004064
0.0003556
0.0003302
0.0003048
0.000254
0.0002286
0.0002032
0.0001778
0.000127
0.0001016
-
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
No_Passes
1
2
4
6
8
10
(7/0)
(6/0)
(5/0)
(4/0)
(3/0)
(2/0)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
S.W.G
inches
0.5
0.464
0.432
0.4
0.372
0.348
0.324
0.3
0.276
0.252
0.232
0.212
0.192
0.176
0.16
0.144
0.128
0.116
0.104
0.092
0.08
0.072
0.064
0.056
0.048
0.04
0.036
0.032
0.028
0.024
0.022
0.02
0.018
0.0164
0.0148
0.0136
0.0124
0.0116
0.0108
0.01
0.0092
0.0084
0.0076
0.0068
0.006
m
0.0127
0.0117856
0.0109728
0.01016
0.0094488
0.0088392
0.0082296
0.00762
0.0070104
0.0064008
0.0058928
0.0053848
0.0048768
0.0044704
0.004064
0.0036576
0.0032512
0.0029464
0.0026416
0.0023368
0.002032
0.0018288
0.0016256
0.0014224
0.0012192
0.001016
0.0009144
0.0008128
0.0007112
0.0006096
0.0005588
0.000508
0.0004572
0.00041656
0.00037592
0.00034544
0.00031496
0.00029464
0.00027432
0.000254
0.00023368
0.00021336
0.00019304
0.00017272
0.0001524
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
0.0052
0.0048
0.0044
0.004
0.0036
0.0032
0.0028
0.0024
0.002
0.0016
0.0012
0.001
0.00013208
0.00012192
0.00011176
0.0001016
0.00009144
0.00008128
0.00007112
0.00006096
0.0000508
0.00004064
0.00003048
0.0000254
A.W.G
inches
(7/0)
(6/0)
(5/0)
(4/0)
(3/0)
(2/0)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
0.46
0.4096
0.3648
0.3249
0.2893
0.2576
0.2294
0.2043
0.1819
0.162
0.1443
0.1285
0.1144
0.1019
0.0907
0.0808
0.072
0.0641
0.0571
0.0508
0.0453
0.0403
0.0359
0.032
0.0285
0.0253
0.0226
0.0201
0.0179
0.0159
0.0142
0.0126
0.0113
0.01
0.00893
0.00795
0.00708
0.0063
0.00561
0.005
0.00445
0.00397
m
0.011684
0.01040384
0.00926592
0.00825246
0.00734822
0.00654304
0.00582676
0.00518922
0.00462026
0.0041148
0.00366522
0.0032639
0.00290576
0.00258826
0.00230378
0.00205232
0.0018288
0.00162814
0.00145034
0.00129032
0.00115062
0.00102362
0.00091186
0.0008128
0.0007239
0.00064262
0.00057404
0.00051054
0.00045466
0.00040386
0.00036068
0.00032004
0.00028702
0.000254
0.000226822
0.00020193
0.000179832
0.00016002
0.000142494
0.000127
0.00011303
0.000100838
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
0.00353
0.00314
0.000089662
0.000079756
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