2007

H I G H E R S C H O O L C E R T I F I C AT E
E X A MI N AT I O N
Mathematics
GeneralInstructions
Readingtime5minutes
Workingtime3hours
Writeusingblackorbluepen
Board-approvedcalculatorsmay
beused
Atableofstandardintegralsis
providedatthebackofthispaper
Allnecessaryworkingshouldbe
shownineveryquestion
Totalmarks120
AttemptQuestions110
Allquestionsareofequalvalue
212
+ + +.
Totalmarks120
AttemptQuestions110
Allquestionsareofequalvalue
AnswereachquestioninaSEPARATEwritingbooklet.Extrawritingbookletsareavailable.
Marks
2
2
2
2
2
2
Question1(12marks)UseaSEPARATEwritingbooklet.

2
(a) Evaluate + 5 correcttotwodecimalplaces.
(b) Solve 2x5 > 3 andgraphthesolutiononanumberline.
1
(c) Rationalisethedenominatorof .
3 1
(d) Findthelimitingsumofthegeometricseries
3 3 3
4 16 64
(e) Factorise 2x
2
+ 5x 12.
(f) Find the equation of the line that passes through the point (1, 3) and is
perpendicularto 2x+ y+ 4 = 0.
2
Marks
2
2
2
3
3
Question2(12marks)UseaSEPARATEwritingbooklet.
(a) Differentiatewithrespectto x:
2x
(i)
x
+ e 1
(ii) (1 + tan x)
10
.

(b) (i) Find

(1 + cos 3x d ) x.

4
8
(ii) Evaluate

dx .

2
1
x
(c) ThepointP(, 0) liesonthecurve y= xsin x.Findtheequationofthetangent
tothecurveat P.
3
Marks
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
Question3(12marks)UseaSEPARATEwritingbooklet.
B(12,16)
C(2,11)
A(10,5)
x O
y
NOT
TO
SCALE
(a)
In the diagram, A, B and C are the points (10, 5), (12, 16) and (2, 11)
respectively.
Copyortracethisdiagramintoyourwritingbooklet.
(i) FindthedistanceAC.
(ii) FindthemidpointofAC.
(iii) ShowthatOB AC.
(iv) FindthemidpointofOBandhenceexplainwhyOABCisarhombus.
(v) Hence,orotherwise,findtheareaofOABC.
(b) Heatherdecidestoswimeverydaytoimproveherfitnesslevel.
On the first day she swims 750 metres, and on each day after that she swims
100 metres more than the previous day. That is, she swims 850 metres on the
secondday,950 metresonthethirddayandsoon.
(i) Writedownaformulaforthedistancesheswimsonthenth day.
(ii) Howfardoessheswimonthe10th day?
(iii) Whatisthetotaldistancesheswimsinthefirst10 days?
(iv) After how many days does the total distance she has swum equal the
widthoftheEnglishChannel,adistanceof34 kilometres?
4
A
B
NOT
TO
SCALE
O C
Marks
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
Question4(12marks)UseaSEPARATEwritingbooklet.
(a) Solve 2 sin x = 1 for 0 x 2.
(b) Two ordinary dice are rolled.The score is the sum of the numbers on the top
faces.
(i) Whatistheprobabilitythatthescoreis10?
(ii) Whatistheprobabilitythatthescoreisnot 10?
(c)
Anadvertisinglogoisformedfromtwocircles,whichintersectasshowninthe
diagram.
ThecirclesintersectatAand BandhavecentresatOand C.
The radius of the circle centred at O is 1 metre and the radius of the circle
centredat Cis 3 metres.ThelengthofOCis2 metres.
(i) UsePythagorastheoremtoshowthat OAC= .
2
(ii) FindACOandAOC.

(iii) Findtheareaofthequadrilateral AOBC.
(iv) Findtheareaofthemajorsector ACB.
(v) Findthetotalareaofthelogo(thesumofalltheshadedareas).
5
Marks
1
2
2
1
2
1
3
Question5(12marks)UseaSEPARATEwritingbooklet.
(a)
A
B
F
NOT
E TO
SCALE
C D
In the diagram, ABCDE is a regular pentagon. The diagonals AC and BD
intersectat F.
Copyortracethisdiagramintoyourwritingbooklet.
(i) ShowthatthesizeofABCis108.
(ii) FindthesizeofBAC.Givereasonsforyouranswer.
(iii) Byconsideringthesizesofangles,showthatABFisisosceles.
(b) A particle is moving on the x-axis and is initially at the origin. Its velocity,
vmetresper second,attime tsecondsisgivenby
2 t
v=
.
16 + t
2
(i) Whatistheinitialvelocityoftheparticle?
(ii) Findanexpressionfortheaccelerationoftheparticle.
(iii) Findthetimewhentheaccelerationoftheparticleiszero.
(iv) Findthepositionoftheparticlewhen t= 4.
6
Marks
2
2
4
1
3
Question6(12marks)UseaSEPARATEwritingbooklet.
(a) Solvethefollowingequationforx:
2x x
2e e = 0.
(b) Let x = x
4
4x
3
. ( )
(i) Findthecoordinatesofthepointswherethecurvecrossestheaxes.
(ii) Findthecoordinatesofthestationarypointsanddeterminetheir nature.
(iii) Findthecoordinatesofthepointsofinflexion.
(iv) Sketch the graph of y= ( ), indicating clearly the intercepts, x
stationarypointsandpointsofinflexion.
EndofQuestion6
Pleaseturnover
7
Marks
2
1
1
2
1
2
3
Question7(12marks)UseaSEPARATEwritingbooklet.
(a) (i) Findthecoordinatesofthefocus, S,oftheparabola y= x
2
+ 4.
(ii) Thegraphsof y= x
2
+ 4 andtheline y= x+ k haveonlyonepointof
intersection, P.Showthatthex-coordinateofPsatisfies
x
2
x+ 4 k= 0.
(iii) Usingthediscriminant,orotherwise,findthevalueof k.
(iv) Findthecoordinatesof P.
(v) ShowthatSPisparalleltothedirectrixoftheparabola.
A
B
y
O x
2
3 y= cos x
y=sin x
(b)
The diagram shows the graphs of y= 3 cos x and y= sin x. The first two
pointsofintersectiontotherightofthey-axisarelabelledAand B.
(i) Solvetheequation 3 cos x = sin x tofindthex-coordinatesofAand B.
(ii) Findtheareaoftheshadedregioninthediagram.
8
Marks
3
2
2
2
1
2
Question8(12marks)UseaSEPARATEwritingbooklet.
(a) Onemodelforthenumberofmobilephonesinuseworldwideistheexponential
growthmodel,
N= Ae
kt
,
whereN istheestimateforthenumberofmobilephonesinuse(in millions),
andtisthetimeinyearsafter1 January 2008.
(i) It is estimated that at the start of 2009, when t= 1, there will be
1600 millionmobilephonesinuse,whileatthestartof2010,whent= 2,
there willbe2600 million.FindAand k.
(ii) Accordingtothemodel,duringwhichmonthandyearwillthenumber
ofmobilephonesinusefirstexceed4000 million?
(b)
E
27
NOT
D TO
SCALE
8
p
q
A B C
In the diagram, AE is parallel to BD, AE= 27, CD= 8, BD= p, BE= q and
ABE,BCDandBDEareequal.
Copyortracethisdiagramintoyourwritingbooklet.
(i) Provethat ABE BCD.
(ii) Provethat EDB BCD.
(iii) Showthat8,p,q,27arethefirstfourtermsofageometricseries.
(iv) Hencefindthevaluesof pand q.
9
Marks
3
1
2
Question9(12marks)UseaSEPARATEwritingbooklet.
(a)
1
y
O x
NOT
TO
SCALE
Theshadedregioninthediagramisboundedbythecurve y= x
2
+ 1,thex-axis,
andthelines x= 0 and x= 1.
Find the volume of the solid of revolution formed when the shaded region is
rotatedaboutthex-axis.
(b) Apackof52 cardsconsistsoffour suitswith13 cardsineachsuit.
(i) One card is drawn from the pack and kept on the table.A second card
is drawn and placed beside it on the table.What is the probability that
thesecondcardisfrom adifferentsuittothefirst?
(ii) Thetwo cardsarereplacedandthepackshuffled.Four cardsarechosen
from the pack and placed side by side on the table. What is the
probabilitythatthesefourcardsareallfromdifferentsuits?
Question9continuesonpage11
10
Marks
3
2
1
Question9(continued)
(c) MrandMrs Caineeachdecidetoinvestsomemoneyeachyeartohelppayfor
their sons university education. The parents choose different investment
strategies.
(i) Mr Caine makes 18 yearly contributions of $1000 into an investment
fund.Hemakeshisfirstcontributiononthedayhissonisborn,andhis
finalcontributiononhissonsseventeenthbirthday.Hisinvestmentearns
6%compoundinterestperannum.
Find the total value of Mr Caines investment on his sons eighteenth
birthday.
(ii) Mrs Caine makes her contributions into another fund. She contributes
$1000 on the day of her sons birth, and increases her annual
contributionby6%eachyear.Herinvestmentalsoearns6% compound
interestperannum.
FindthetotalvalueofMrs Cainesinvestmentonhersonsthirdbirthday
(justbeforeshemakesherfourthcontribution).
(iii) Mrs Caine also makes her final contribution on her sons seventeenth
birthday.
Find the total value of Mrs Caines investment on her sons eighteenth
birthday.
EndofQuestion9
11
dx
A
B NOT
TO
SCALE
C 6
D
t
4 2
5
1
5
O
dt
Question10(12marks)UseaSEPARATEwritingbooklet.
dx
(a) An object is moving on the x-axis. The graph shows the velocity, , of the
dt
object,asafunctionoftime, t. Thecoordinatesofthepointsshownonthegraph
areA(2, 1),B(4, 5),C(5, 0) andD(6, 5).Thevelocityisconstantfor t 6.
Marks
2
1
2
2
(i) UsingSimpsonsrule,estimatethedistancetravelledbetweent= 0 and
t= 4.
(ii) The object is initially at the origin. During which time(s) is the
displacementoftheobjectdecreasing?
(iii) Estimatethetimeatwhichtheobjectreturnstotheorigin.Justifyyour
answer.
(iv) Sketchthedisplacement, x,asafunctionoftime.
Question10continuesonpage13
12
Marks
1
4
Question10(continued)
(b) The noise level, N, at a distance d metres from a single sound source of
loudness Lisgivenbytheformula
L
N =
.
2
d
Twosoundsources,ofloudnessL
1
andL
2
areplacedmmetresapart.
x P
m
L
1
L
2
Thepoint Pliesonthelinebetweenthesoundsourcesandisxmetresfromthe
soundsourcewithloudnessL
1
.
(i) Writedownaformulaforthesumofthenoiselevelsat Pintermsof x.
(ii) There is a point on the line between the sound sources where the sum
of thenoiselevelsisaminimum.
Find an expression for x in terms of m, L
1
and L
2
if P is chosen to be
this point.
Endofpaper
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BLANKPAGE
15

1
n n+1

x dx = x , n 1; x 0, if n< 0

n+ 1


1

dx = ln x , xx > 0

x


1
ax ax

e dx = e , a 0

a

cosaxdx =
1
sinax , aa 0
a


1

sinaxdx = cosax , a 0

a



2

sec axdx =
1
ttan ax , a 0
a


1

secaxtanaxdx = secax , a 0

a


1 1 x

dx = tan
1
, a 0

2 2 a a

aa + x

1 x
1
dx = sin , aa > 0, a x a

< <
a
1
2 2


dx = ln
(
x+ x a
)
, x > a>> 0

x
2
a
2
1
2 2


dx = ln
(
x+ x + a
)

2 2

x + a
NOTE : ln x = log xx , x > 0
e
a x
2 2

STANDARDINTEGRALS
16
BoardofStudiesNSW2007