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    Twinning 1

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    AnjaniAkula
    Twinning is the second important mechanism of plastic deformation after slip. It occurs when a part of the crystal takes on a different orientation that is related to the original structure, across a twinning plane. Under shear stress, a part of the crystal twins about this plane, resulting in a mirrored structure. Twinning can form during crystal growth or deformation, and preserves the lattice structure while inducing pure shear. It is more common in body-centered cubic and hexagonal close-packed crystals compared to face-centered cubic crystals.

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    Twinning 1

    Uploaded by

    AnjaniAkula
    55 views10 pages
    Twinning is the second important mechanism of plastic deformation after slip. It occurs when a part of the crystal takes on a different orientation that is related to the original structure, across a twinning plane. Under shear stress, a part of the crystal twins about this plane, resulting in a mirrored structure. Twinning can form during crystal growth or deformation, and preserves the lattice structure while inducing pure shear. It is more common in body-centered cubic and hexagonal close-packed crystals compared to face-centered cubic crystals.

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    deformation theory

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    Twinning is the second important mechanism of plastic deformation after slip. It occurs when a part of the crystal takes on a different orientation that is related to the original structure, across a twinning plane. Under shear stress, a part of the crystal twins about this plane, resulting in a mirrored structure. Twinning can form during crystal growth or deformation, and preserves the lattice structure while inducing pure shear. It is more common in body-centered cubic and hexagonal close-packed crystals compared to face-centered cubic crystals.

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    55 views10 pages

    Twinning 1

    Uploaded by

    AnjaniAkula
    Twinning is the second important mechanism of plastic deformation after slip. It occurs when a part of the crystal takes on a different orientation that is related to the original structure, across a twinning plane. Under shear stress, a part of the crystal twins about this plane, resulting in a mirrored structure. Twinning can form during crystal growth or deformation, and preserves the lattice structure while inducing pure shear. It is more common in body-centered cubic and hexagonal close-packed crystals compared to face-centered cubic crystals.

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    of 10

    TWINNING

    The usual mechanism of plastic deformation Slip


    The second important mechanism of plastic deformation Twinning
    In twinning a part of crystal takes an orientation different but related
    to the original structure.
    The plane of symmetry between un-twinned and twinned portion is
    twinning plane.
    Under the effect of shear stress a part of crystal twin about the
    twinning plane

    TWINNING

    Classical picture of TWINNING

    The twinned portion appears as mirror image of the original crystal


    If deformation is uniform in nature, the sheared distance (displacement) is
    proportional to its distance from twin plane.

    Deformation & Growth Twinning


    Twinning may form in the crystal during deformation or crystal growth
    Growth twins- Grow in a crystal when growing from a vapour/ liquid/ solid
    Deformation twins- Deformation induced
    Two fundamental properties of Twinning:
    The deformation is pure shear
    The twin transformation must preserve the lattice stucture

    Twinning can also be classified


    Mechanical twins- Generally produced in bcc and hcp crystal under shock loading and
    low temperature. fcc crystals only at very low temperature (say 4K)

    In iron narrow band called Neumman band, In hcp lens shaped

    Annealing twins- Deformation followed by annealing. Broad with straight sides . These
    twins nucleate during plastic deformation as stacking fault which subsequently grow.

    Slip vs Twin
    1.
    2.
    3.
    4.
    5.
    6.

    Orientation of crystals
    Atomic displacement
    Planes and crystallographic system involved
    Duration of processes
    Appearance on stress-strain diagrams
    Effect of temperature

    Twinning, not a dominating mechanism


    Twinning not a dominating mechanism of deformation in many metals with large
    no of slip systems.
    Twinning stresses usually higher than slipping stresses
    Several factor determine the occurrence of twinning mechanism. Twinning
    when yield stress is higher
    Slip systems are limited
    Crystal not preferably oriented
    Slip systems are restricted and CRSS enhanced; low temperature, shock
    loading
    Main faction of twinning is to favorably orient crystal for further deformation by
    slip.

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