Introduction To Piping Engineering
Introduction To Piping Engineering
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INTRODUCTION TO
PIPING ENGINEERING
PLANT LAYOUT
STRESS ANALYSIS
LAYOUT
PIPE FITTINGS CLASSIFICATION
VALVE CLASSIFICATION BASED ON FUNCTION
PIPE ROUTING
OBJECTIVE
REQUIREMENTS OF SUPPORTS IN PIPING SYSTEM
TYPE OF SUPPORTS
FAMILIARIZATION WITH STRESS SYMBOLS
MATERIAL ENGINEERING
Piping
Plant Layout
Plant Layout
A Process plant, which consist of the various different sections such as raw material
storage, intermediate and finished product storage, process units, control rooms,
Flare system, Raw material loading and uploading facilities, utilities generation and
distribution etc. should be arranged so as to follow the general route of the raw
material to process, to Intermediate/Finished product storage, to dispatch.
Generally block concept is prevalent for the plant layout where in the entire plot area
is divided into blocks. The size of the blocks depends upon the facilities to be
accommodated.
Following points are to be considered while locating the blocks .
Process unit block shall be centrally located with straight approach from the
main gate.
The blocks shall be so arranged considering the prevalent wind direction that
flammable gases should not be carried by the wind on to source of ignition.
Utility blocks shall be located adjacent to unit blocks.
Flare shall be located upwind of process units so that the inflammable gas from
plant is not carried towards flare.
Equipment requiring frequent maintenance shall have easy accessibility.
Bends
45 Degree
Elbow
Tees
90 Degree
Elbow
Short Radius
Elbow
Equal Tee
Long Radius
Elbow
Caps
Reducing
Tee
Reducers
Concentric
Reducer
Eccentric
Reducer
Coupling
Full
Coupling
Reducing
Coupling
Unions
Half
Coupling
Spl. Fittings
(Olets)
Weldolet
Sockolet
Elbolet
Nippolet
REGULATION
NON-RETURN
MULTI-PORT
GATE
GLOBE
BALL
NEEDLE
FLUSH BOTTOM
PLUG
BUTTERFLY
FLOAT
PISTON
DIAPHRAGM
FOOT
DIAPHRAGM
PISTON
LINE BLIND
BUTTERFLY
PINCH
PINCH VALVE
CHECK
SPECIAL
To solve these
problems we need the
pipe components,
which are called
PIPE FITTINGS
We need some
branch
We need some
connections
branch
connections
We need some
bend connections
If this tank
nozzle expands,
when the tank is
hot.
In such case we need to fit a
flexible pipe component at that
location, which is called an
EXPANSION JOINT
Next we shall
look into how to
SUPPORT the
pipe/and its
components.
Stress Analysis
Objective
Pipe stress analysis provides the necessary techniques for
engineers to design piping systems without overstressing and
overloading the piping components & connected equipment.
The objective of stress analysis can be listed as follows:
A) To limit the stresses in the piping system to the limiting value.
B) To limit the deflection in the piping system to the limiting
value.
C) To limit the loads on nozzles of connected equipment.
LOADS ON PIPING
LOADING
STATIC
PRESSURE
TEMPERATURE
INTERNAL
RESTRAINT
EXTERNAL
DIFFERENTIAL
GROWTH
DYNAMIC
WEIGHT
FRICTION
DEAD
PIPE
INS-MAT
LIVE
OPERATING
SNOW
RANDOM
HARMONIC
IMPULSE
WIND
EQUIPMENT
VIBRATION
RELIEF
VALVE
EARTH
QUAKE
PULSATION
FLUID
HAMMER
ACCOUSTIC
SLUG
FLOW
Type of Supports
Supports
Hanger / Support
Restraint
Vibration Absorbers
To
restrict
the
movement
due
to
thermal
/
dynamic
loading
Types
Anchor
Guide
Directional Anchor
U Clamps
Struts
Types
Snubbers
Sway Brace
Hold down
Types
Rigid Hanger
Spring Hanger
Variable
Constant
Shoes
Trunnions
Rest
Anchor
Spring Hanger
Rest
Z
X
Global Co-ordinate System
MATERIAL GROUP
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