Chematq 2
Chematq 2
AND
DETERMINATION OF BENZOIC ACID
MELTING
POINT
J.V. DE GUZMAN
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES, DILIMAN QUEZON CITY, PHILIPPINES
DATE PERFORMED: JANUARY 30, 2015
INSTRUCTORS NAME: ALLAN KENNETH REGUNTON
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
1. How does a fluted filter paper hasten filtration? Why is it
advisable to place a small piece of wire between the funnel and the
mouth of the flask during hot filtration?
Compared to a conventional filter paper, fluted filter paper hastens the
filtration by maximizing the contact area between the filter paper and the
solution and minimizing the contact area between the funnel and the filter
paper. The rate of liquid flow through the filter paper increases because the
flutings of the filter paper permits air to enter the flask along its sides
allowing for pressure to rapidly equalize. Placing a small piece of wire
between the funnel and the mouth of flask, on the other hand, relieves any
pressure increase brought by the hot filtrate. The wire prevents formation of
a solvent seal between the flask and the funnel since such seal will block the
vent of air displaced by the filtrate thus relieving the pressure.
2. Enumerate 2 techniques that can help prevent premature
recrystallization. Explain each item. What can be the consequence if
premature recrystallization was not avoided to occur?
a.) Keeping the filtration set-up warm- the hot solution cools as it runs
through the filter allowing crystallization to occur. Warming the funnel and
the filter paper thus prevents the hot solution from crystallizing during
filtration. Heating the receiving flask helps prevent premature
recrystallization as the filtrate accumulates since this produces vapors that
keeps the funnel and filter paper warm thus preventing crystallization.
b.) Pouring the hot solution in small amounts- It prevents
recrystallization since it lessens the solution's time in the filter preventing it
to cool and crystallize. If crystallization already occurs, pouring small amount
of the hot solvent dissolves the solids.
If premature recrystallization was not avoided, it gives a lower percent
yield and a negative error since the sample that prematurely recrystallized
cannot be accounted in the total yield (unknown mass) and thus considered
to be lost sample.
Solvent
cold
hot
cold
hot
Ethanol
0.5
10.0
5.0
20.0
Acetone
5.0
20.0
0.1
8.0
water
0.6
15.0
0.5
10.0
100 ml acetone x
8.0 g B
=8.0 g B
100 ml acetone
100 ml acetone x
Cool
solution.
2 g of A and 0.1
g of B remains
in the mother
liquor
7.9 g of B
crystallizes
out
7.9 g B recovered
x 100 =98.75 yield
8.0 g B present initially
2.0 g A
x 100 =95.24 purity of A
2.1 g of crystals
b. Theoretically, what is the purity of A and B after one
crystallization?
The recrystallized B is 100% pure though its yield is only 98.75%
(based from 8 g on the sample initially). On the other hand, compound A is
only 95.24 % pure.
4. A mixture of three compounds, A, B and C, is to be separated and
purified by crystallization. Their solubilities in g/100 mL ethanol are
given below.
Solvent
A
B
C
Cold
1.05
5.6
4.2
Hot
20.5
2.3
3.5
MIXTURE:
4.0 g A + 4.0
g B + 4.0 g
Heat
solutio
n
MOTHER
LIQUOR: 4.0
g A + 2.3 g
B + 3.5 g C
UNDISSOLVED
CRYSTALS: 1.7
g B and 0.5 g
Cool
solutio
n
MOTHER LIQUOR:
1.05 g A + 2.3 g
B +3.5 C
RECRYSTALLIZED:
2.95 g A
EVAPORATOR
MOTHER LIQUOR
4.0 g A + 1.15 g
B + 1.75 g C
Cool
MOTHER LIQUOR
0.525 g A + 1.15
g B + 1.75 g C
50 mL
ethanol
UNDISSOLVED
SOLIDS:
1.15 g B + 1.75
RECRYSTALLIZED:
3.475 g A