Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Hwa Chong JC Bull
Hwa Chong JC Bull
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Ncle Tr.e essays herewerewanen under rine conslE nrs:white rhey represertCood
wcrk lhyhale
beei amendd forthe pulposes ofihis Au etn
Issue
i,
2003
FURTHER RESOURCES
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CONTENTS
Pag-"
1.1 Do
* i
.lLrre- ZOol
!Nll
ONE: ANNOTATED
,-o.oLao6d1d
ExTRACtS
.o,.60
1e ro..-do.
'dbe! oi '
o od
.,o..o
',.d
"21 astcentuq,
(o
'
I ..eo.e1ro,6e.,d
a o .e -re, ;r a-a
\ of o,6r:o! ) t4^.-o og as | .a -do.o
\.th6 clF\e.f6,
tne
o.e o Mo . V-dro. Wt d g.owir q -.n,J1
^o.or roeed
proponor
ad.c.led
'
,'d L6.re o.oote..rp n.o..rbe
oesire fo-.nrormdror
b . -oo- o. ro, .o l-" wo. o.an o,t/ qro^ p\-.
. od Hore.F "rFp ar-6r..daato,e.fe.e,o.d
'De.c W
1.
advancements n the
.1
th problemsLcjng the
ord re
as5en rhe
ractha
beng relegared
h s does
--
bu?zword
...
jo
22
ls lhG a
ri.o\a o,
,)rFo^ d o
..)
,F
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." o. o-
.b o:.or
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le
(Ot2t .---.---....-.- 2.
6 Greaiworks of Ilel!re do fol make good nrs Oisclss. (O j2t Errract ___-, 26
27Wry s itihatno.ountry has everh6d ! p.fed nrhln rqhls iecord? iO3J _-...25
25 GratworksorlteGtlredoiotmak.goodtims.Di;rss
2
ON
2A
30
3',
GRAMfuIARANO EXPRESSlON
entr.ainhn1 news ror th6
_. .. oia -
medi s interested o.
rdr f.o.a
s thF.e:son wh/ rhe soash a.rass mosi
ipr,p.peE s regardr.q t.e tareslqossp around
r-.o,o.j ,o-,e
!pcs ed tors hr\ e resoned" 1o an" rs ni e.Lr:mo, tar
'"d'
1"
\ : \Elvo . - - onre .d aut.a , ,9 o. rio- ra..r eus !e!menls recenty h @d rhe
undisouied oossr.
,1
*.
con.."r..re
o""-.e
ir-o,.
"
erienain lssubsL.ber.
ot lrre
ro/".,e.
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2I
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:.rj"^
riI
o.lhis ass.ssn.it
rhe ba[sear
C.mmenr
COi,IPRHENSION
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37
3!
39
d..oo oro,o
r - odd da".o
j3 o:-Co
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r"\rorfo
cou.l es)wh dr qves
rir
S .o.
rn
44
ttt'aairn'.
ia
qP:Bnilit!,
',dd
F-e,haps
l.
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an.! riE
mer_ce,
j..". .oo"-.
rInpo.'
ar teest n
ne.rh.r
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b-
her
no.t
and
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olAmer.. Cnlne
wrler s
lir s
o d.
' I o r"q"r'"
.ad
cons.q!enly ,eru
:s
rar
Th s
stl
Lrs-
b.s ness
counG
a farjety ol suppoftng
- .a- Fd, ,
-b
po.r,lre Amerca. rellsFapers
lvhch p!b shed hard
Ia.ls abo!l raq h.|rg weapons oj mass desrrlcion
1!
ro
te.]
lda.-
o idro-eo..
o.o.
di...c.
o ecr
York
l oes
c.mn.nd
rin
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: 6 o. ,6,,6, p p, prpF..
p9-,e..
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o.--od
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a.oo
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bi\,
fhis,
lhrl cover
.rear.orloraroih.s lsoi..!e.d.,..ounlonu.aleiy,
5e kepl
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r,
02562
naae lse oi bul a n.ot c..C!ct Sho.k.nc stupo.$ere
lhe [ro ma n expressro.s whe. peopie earnl ofrhe
sc.ndas Such actions hale bee. knowf to exsr among
rogue jour.alisls bltlor'The NewYork T ms to havc
.omm lted the card.a slns rv.s unbe elabe ETo qel the
i,
lhe
ral
s/rd
Doe rnleres/irg is
e.stj,
rhe us-"
.dphr.ses. l^.re:.nry
ntut Cnaq:lC2
nlr
9Fqttdrt
t:nE t,
za)r A\lrEqrtt:tDu,1ttil.,$
'unbel!ably io conveyz
snse oi d sapponlment.
[email protected] aflr lhe sr.ing
a rno/e llhiLh
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idd.. P6raioi
d a e 0-6 '...o.redo,
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De r,".o or -, c' oC,..d ric.
rnore powedu
or th
wortd naL.ns
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e. - o a..-11. ..-oor
how rhe
rd
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^"o!o
.nd dea/ dearh ,e fod.d
mrr
o - F r"s. r\a. 3r1 .d or. ,,.6
oarrlrded
sr
O A we lcrafted netaphor if
approprlab y placed can setoe
to consolidate seveE exahptes
and marsha them to supporl
your arcldenr. li you do
choose to atlefipt tlris padicutar
st, isllc inforaton, rnember
nol lo hix metaphors For
o!rworslenernJ
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"Fl.
ar .r
manJces
10
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an
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way
BcUer commrnrc:tLo"
screnta rntorm:ton e sured
< lemphng,
10
rn.n elsar ol
frerey rs
(as
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lh:i
Aply.hosi d.rds.an
n the fd.anFFlrr
S.d
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n ye' anorher
:ssessmenr ni
c!iizal o. An tnsiahl lke th s.
lld.veope! as a rhme or the
ess:J wl.orlrbure.Fr Lo
s mefll
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snook the
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90, poo.p.. F.pro.o.a.o!
rlre.al!ra resou(es
.-
tft,\
rc
cia's lt 2 !t)j
murl to.
convey your
eleih
.hl!de
rowards
1r;e
wrl..
)n:n
crnv,1a.9?
xM i:n,i
.x.. enler.nple.f
h.!1 r.rr
huii.nrys
noL\ esl
ofnneitons
*arlhal h.s
s t..r
me
the!lr.!eCrlen!src.rake
we.an
toa:(
iotuard to
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be
ie
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rh-i o!f.@decFsso6
!n rre q.od
hr. e done ..,1
efsdre th.l !!e do no:.omm I ltr same mistakes Tne.
Perli.s. \e c.n ookba.k.nd.. lre rvrerteth
.e.1ury a rme.ihop..
!2S72
human ly shou d
pace . the
s.!nd ng nalve
UN
hs ena ys s
itThs par.!GFh b!
lds up.n
perepe.lve
esl3b sh,.d i lrre.re! ous.nP
rhe balanced
I 2b "lt was the besl oitimes, il vas ihe worst oftimes. Commonlonthis
assesshenl of the tast cenrury.
OMaf y .fl !.nrra: w. rers and th nke6. sone orea(er
."
srei
ende:
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tr
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i.lure
of
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11
attribuled lo
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r; "d . rlrF Frsr.ro Se.o.Ll l,\ord \!ab rhan :l
.re.Ednq tr.E . history ! Re!!r!Lo.saqs.sr
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and
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dehofslr.l.
oi people s so!
.dvancements
s
I
etArnxin: kjE
J,
ntlr
)Aot jjtNo'tlft:tDEx11F"aa.l:
Iteed, Ioday
econony, we
0Slmtarty, technologca
the ast cenl!ry made many s mpie
er
' re.
tjtp
the s
t, 2aB-\1${orr1qEor"fi,rAO_j
oia aobat
gniicance oithe
l;t
century
bpcn a, ".e o. bo
. aJl
rq
o,;.
mprove rood
F Pad ofthe cha enge otthts essay queslon tay n the dscussion ofexireme
assessmeits ("best aid wo6l ) Berow are some oiher previous A eve questions
thai i.!ove a s miar chalenqe Howwould you deatwjth ea.h quesron?
A feoitotal !r ry-dreamornohtmare?
b)
{2O1]O)
dea ism briigs dis lus onmentireatisrn brngs resu rs , Discuss (2000)
Fumai be nss have lilimiled desires, bLrl i;iled resources. rs iposiOlero
reconcile the ido? (1998)
c)
d 'F . 'rd
opoeo..er
8. "'F' Fr - ro'r.etag."arec
.oF- t r -,-a
e) 'rJercy kiling ls not mercr!: t is murder'
to.6,-eea\t .ot-p
rr. d5.e>.-6r.r..,-e too-
prod!cron beq
nn nq wr,h
c..na
to
u*ooo1qrs o^...rd,,,,o.
"?
d Ai-ttrq\+ ir
{ {l rlr!
i 2a
Thp
slructure ol essay
sc!ss.(l993)
ou.darlv l;Fs
Lov{.i\r ar\
etect;e
Te d d it,olon ., c
f F oor{a roreeo. s96,
jd _c.sra ,q ooe.
' ' a-d d i.ood aos , or c .r,e rt.e r q e..orr
o_on ro
ro\ orth scienrists steired dEbbtiiq wlh:ni;:r.n;
.q Dot ,. f. ,o10 . .el
.,oneo
sfFep and ; no.. qu.gm 16 regarclr.a rhe
ethrcs or
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o "aur o:q,. "-.r9
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a,,res\Yer
ttlat t:jt
"no
oesru.IJe de!eopments. The ear , 1900c <:,
1r.", C .. e o p ,, -o o . , o . .,""\
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Ine $tenleih cenr!ry peope earied
so mLr.h -""",
rnar lney rorgoLhow ro 5pend rljrse
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ra-d2,drd,,rgaa. a.e r o. /;d
L,e,d.t -"nl/r
our ar
sFa
to
|re
rhe
rr cost. r o r
iidicale:
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blissf: .ess
easiLy and he
-.
ir
pr.i.!s
B o-oooi
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lrrose
Nd
lc$ed
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ri.
f:
thar
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there beior
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roll!sl nol kio$ing t s aty
lrcwn!p playng,tlr
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I ssiu can he not se lhe symparhe(.
so:s
r! n! elher. Perhaps I
larols pa.s
af../N.isn
leaFo
'"
the
issle
"1 0 e _
rllr
blt
pe q-odrF
s mcrc aboul
n.nla
,nenla ty oi
lA
terac\r
fi
-.
.ni! !rngs
.b
J op-
tij H.!ever, ilrs s ncl a. e.s! essat l. r ndersrand. One d i'i.!liy m ghi ire her
E.g!a!te llhict Dakes use ofvery conFtex sntence strucr!res. He.ce ),.Jf ght
ls oflhe ess.! wh cf ere no( mmediatey ccmprehe.sibte
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d. o d ..Pe.,.o
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))aj jj,J,.o'it1t:)::.r.,,tj.tjj\j(:i:
1 3
l):at ),
abstracl
..n..pts
g.crance
(s!ctr as
) /or dal,:ed
s.eiaio
her.rglnrefls (. )Ih s
essenlallo avod mln!
liuct
t4laz
lrll
rlir
tDE;tf.nnats
skucturng of reblna
s lk
i!
ng.
djd
atemplto
nk back
hr
s one
1o
reqlirn9 some
teiiy
rl
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il
) lt)al ;!\t\.c4j1tJt
tstt
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b ir. o'c
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o.e io be weara/ oftrlmdr rea of5tr ps .nd . manr'
cases not knowt.g aboll lhe comi caliofs seem lo
5!!jqe5 Tore b ss . BI:gr | , rhajnor or r:
rr
.!s a
e .erencF
t)a(f.ttj1a.i!
rs
for-s
of
iro,n lrr.
aL dao.o. pd
a o. t.nlr;s pad or re
oT I fg aj rn nle. r lrum.n hF .q
dev opnent
oi.rqumeit
rilary everpossbe?
(2002)
at.npt n! t.
.nything? (19S9)
ocnsjderthe
ofpLaniiig
!a!e in
re
.c oo so io. br 6 ,o,.
' 2 b..*16 ad. ., o,
o3r.rd!ro-.d
pred ci the
bulronls.!t
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l.owedge wh.rr^'ea!.5 jh. !Jssoe
i!rL'e {2001)
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(1996)
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. q.. :a roe
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edch oiher Dptoma.r 5 arwa/s hrclded Ln hrt or edo. o Do
D scuss
a,r,nrrililf
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Teh ShiNing
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jar
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oi gforance a Thal
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backloyourar!!menta.d
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t1
arer pckfg u.
p. itca and intemaiion:
.ontenl
concepls oi jgnnrance
on
aic
lnt),zaat 4ssltj
UNIT TWO: ESSAYS
2.1
wth complters is
Foweler, one disadvantage does not elimin:t nrut ple advanlages. 1ls not
dilicuit lo notice tlrat th computer hss pe&aded and lntruded inio our daily llves to a very
:rge extefi I s much mor difcu t lo say lhal it has b.oLrght more pa n than ga n to
mank nd as ts beneflts are so diverse and iis dlsadvantages comparaiively niniles mal
A bas c sense or se i-d scloline can colrnir any or alloi the m:jor negalve efiecis ol
compltars However. ih mode.n complter is sUll a rccni invenlion, only aboLrt ten yeaE
oo so as to uhat the i!lLf hoids in store iorlhe complie. and ts reaiionship with
mank nd we w iust hlve tc wail and se
Sean L p 102332)
tte
c alms oi th e pen
t-
a)
bl Eleni!a
.)
eJJects
ot
lUore paln lhan ga n' , ls this a reason.ble comnrnt on the role the personal
computerhas played in ourlives so rar?
Li
This essay has a good inhoducUon w th the wrters sland an the ssle ceary slaiea
Exanrine the way the wr ter draws lhe reader nto lhe .ssay wilh an insightl!l lse cl
ii.- L. o^ co96
rtr These paragraphs cois der lhe benents oi.ompulers dernonskati.g w th a wealrh oi
erampes why our ves have clranged for the beile.with them
These paragraphs cois der tire other sde oitite a.g!men(, how computers da.ot
Pay specialatteniion to tlre writers rernarks after he presents ihese
argum.ts Do yoLr think he ls efiective n oifer ng a balanced vewwtrtte advanci.g lr s
aways brng qa
l5
'
Jlbd
Cnant JC2
ly
.1C)
qe otnain: lt:;!t
3, }At)J,
,EJ5}.8
t!
Second y, be eve that S ngapore is worse ofdue 10 the education porrc es thai
e has rnp emented n response to tlr e rapid econom c deve opment. O! r ed! caiton
po cv is stream lfed (owards creating a nucleus oiab and prodlrctive workers io irn the
srngapore economy and maintain our prosperiy. The r:pidit), oJ oLrr economtc
developme.t maks lhis essentia and lhus lo us every sl!dents represe.ts lila resource
poiential. He or she musl be no! dd to ft lhe colntrys needs
sh
U.iThe essay s asa lery cte:rabo!i the varols arsasthai corne !nderdtsc!ss!n ana
rises topic sentences efiect veLy.
t!
Lasily, th s essay s interesting for the atlenion itdelores ro devetoping each poinr As
a ru e oflhLrmb you have bee. taught thal each paragraoh should conta n a disl ncl
argu.nentalve po nt Tlr s essay dos.or keep to that slggesuon rgid y bli stit renr: ns
very organzed and ioc!sed. ln lact.lhis essay breaks up whatwoltd oihe^! se be very
ong and unwiedy paragraphs inro ih ree-par1 struci0 res, inkoducinq a ma n idea.
d" eop r9 "
..opo o-o F,r
0- cs e
!r'o
"n
"
3 to 5 are an exanple ol how th s is dore:
'' lJ re .p
.no-
OOr. "rd
o , d6a
'al.<",.r " o-p I ..ppo
o Ef!lq9C.1l9f!!!9q!
n of'weak-wi[ed and
!
y. being an ans loler myseti wanr ro dwe on rhe facl that our.aDrd
econom c development has come wilh a targeLy g.ored ijris a.d cu tlra scefe Th .gs
may hale picked !p.eceniy especia y with the open ng oithe Esplanade Theatres on
o1
have to stldy many slbjects and in nearty a I cases, they have tiiite say n wh ch ihese
subjectsare Despitthewderangeof O'anC A Leve slbjec1s, we choose on y lre
ones Ihat are economlcally Lrseful lo offer Io silde.rs. Tlre end p.odlcis of aL this are very
slressed stLrdenls, a ncdence cfmyopia in yoLrng ch tdren and wo.st of a . stereorlp ca
dentica Singaporeans.
or.
O nlroducs maln idea, that S ngapore s ia. wolse off now ln ierms
o4ooa .o-oa ing S" Sooo'oa. o^roJkodoo.pc'so r,ep.
.al onal examjnations ana an exlremely heavy work oad on sildents. often, students
-ahi.d
Chrq
2.2 ln whai ways has your country suffered as a resu t of rapid economtc
higher paying and more olamourous iob This was wh e his chiLdren were torced to eal
insbnt nood es daily This man is noi alone forwe freqLrently read tn the newspapers or
prckylobless worke6 refusing 10 dolobs ihat are benealh their dign
tndeed, the
unwrtten base ne for ai acceptablelob seems to b diving iaxs
nalon
t{v
indeoe.den.e
lq6s
[4uch has been made oilhe benefits rhat th]s economic success h:s brolgh[o
.oeoop i F,nrn.Lop.9t"..,a.d.ro o,...n9 .
or06-ropre{
"r" "^;.".,"
amidst oLri euplroia we shoutd cons der lhe sobe fg ihdlght olihe drawbacks rhal thts
_ooidd
qo- ,. o..-o..og..I
. oer
"
eocroIi>opor,dnorbr,or
|ne
re-bo e' ro
t. -- d .t- a
m:rF: rv,..
1'.
:,
or ..r9-
"
arnn
nn" *"n
we tilustrated recenty Iherewas a m.n feilLfed
""-O
",tr,.n
.or -,
oor"
""^,o"?"
iob
".o.
, 6al i 9
b-. !n6d do.. r o i6 o.. d I roo
dd,
er. 9 " .d . d; o .. j . op_ o.
'
"
t|ut
ti
tJta2
Jinr ari.'llJa:
l]] Tlr s essay showcases the !!r tefs ab tity to lse facts abo!t the Unilect Natrons and
.ufflnl alia rs efieclve y fhe examp es cl'rosen show inat the wrter js \!eitread a.d
in:.inred ab.!t lhese rnaftis A danger i. attnmpt nll tris son of essa! is hiir iq the
.ntre ar!!menl.n a sl.g e case stLrdy (n lh s..se iheS-.condGuLiWarw?sb!iar:he
nost
!rl
.a\'
by
ai
roes
The re{r!ee prob em !s one ofthe mosl impoftant transnaliona probe.ns of today.
de 3nd s.ttreclly addressed byihe UN rhro!!h
the esteb shme.t oi refllee camps wondwide Canrps in the olisk rts of Rwanda and
Z nrbabre a one ! !e bas:c provision and med .a treahenr lo at least 500 0C0 reiuge.s
..!gh1ii rhe crossflre orsuer B warfare Sinr ary reflllee.amos on tfe oliskiirs of
A birn a !r.re repd y sei up wth the o.set ofwar:|d they grve provsion ior iholsa.ds.t
r4iulr-.e. afd atraiged for asy
n Brla n Fran.e A!straia end the Neihertands
!n
r!
s lr!
Ths arls provae lhe fe .rd s.! .r3 colnlr! and vta tv.nd cololrto
'ne
The arts aso pfom.te ihin(ng oltollhe box a !sef! ccnceptnr lod:ys
As sLr.i il..-ams 2mexlab c ltrir: as we have.hased eco.omic m esicfe.tier
ieellh:l!v
l'r
ou
'o9o o --o
. ;
"
prosperty
'o l
Co
"
an r'la'y
a lLrn' excepl
ess!.i ii some forn'or.ther bll ready a .an.ol
lnrei erem ratio. iorms I seems lnslll ng that lhev are caf be ca ed I e' sts
lhe! olai iot for e.r ch.re.t nor }:th fee i.g or pass on b!l Ior their cxam .aton pass
f.r
p av
trrs r
r!!
e'o!!h t'
Th s breakdolln does nol e.d wtr lam ly d n.ers lvlany S igapoans io iol evei
k.,rw rhel. nci!hbo!rs or lnaie an 6iio.l lo even do so Gone is llre comm!nity sp ril lhal
!.e.1t. erlsi n ttre ! :ges The end res! l ls a selfsh and self centered nal.n 1oo
ca!ghr!pwLih.frch ia cneselflc elen stop and consder lrhal we hod dear and lry to
lresalre I Srro! r re be surprsed thrt Readers D gesl rolnc Singapore 1o be a nros:
Lrnirretd
.rr soci;
l. ccr.!son
Sli!!pore
Ho taren
;s aiso worse
Y!
(02A1,1)
\o :
l.eLrN
Ij
e.!icnn.e.l
sn-a
:'
At!-n
{.rn
o J\l-l"r.o,
1{'t
Ctal1lC2 EtpBltbrr
r(r
r,
rr0r
JturCb'V:lC) ,caqrllnL
_qr.!_r.aJ
2.4 How far should the actions ot teade.s be derermined by p!btic optnion?
..-.;
lll t,lt
to cuzerry with
co.vlcled
6,lopn<6nt,cces
kator
Is
n the
h gh
slspect Thouqi'
seclrty resol!lons thal prevent co!nlries fiom 3!n.hlig pre emptive stikes are large!
rnet wth word approval lheLlNllsidoesnothavethetillarypowertoenforcelhese
s per"!,apn thevxlerr.akesatransiro.tocoosiderrheothersideofrhe
Gr.al
ol" o o
-"de
o .6.o d ,.,6or,
lr
forexamped.vetoedl52proposilonsnaperodoflhreeyears).Atlemptslogetva.ied
wor d opin on on securty issLrs are a farce wilh the decisions of the Non-pemanenl
memberc being ovei(urned i a ny of the fle perm Enenl members are in ooposit o. to t
slccessfllrie
has
Secondry, p!bric opinior s a iorm or cir cjsm oi rhe ru ng governr,renl and so gtves
eaders z nreans otgalgifg the rsuccess and know ng it rhey ar;go ng in the rglrr "
direcl on For nsla nc. ihe pterhora ot tssues raised rn the Forum pag; or ,Th;S Lails
T mes oflen conlatf a iemaiive views on how the government co!
d have done a betler
.ti6.o6o..
b iLF F d
- .r"o, oier ..,.td,ro.r
drr_F 6pI
6r,^ 1o^n B p rrqdra .'o o o 6 6rddr lan eno. mr^c o
'oL6 l
.:-"
111ao..tipp ,6
or,9.rfs. .4. ..epoooo06.r.
"_l
' "']Co
!6.d6
^ " r/ o\o'01.dror
d
)o o.1i6.Fd,u.)..
o ,-ot: o rme,-re.r.o
.,
'rn
t" .,o.:
t.",
oo
.o."
'o-.6'j 5 6
di6
o. o o.6o006,da
oo,.6-tor
:o .
lo
o"
..o.
"."
a"
01 06,6,- ,. ...
..
,tr.o.E bdae. .1o r..
aF,.o.6
06 io. orrhe
.poo.o
, .
o, ,"
".
.o.a.!.,6.oi
tU Tlre conclusion to th s essay s rather ab.upt. However. lt does dentiiy a key area for
inrprovemenl ln the UN aid makes srggesi ons abcli how th s m ghlbe done fthis task
were g ven mare attent o. the conclus or woLr d be better.
litms.
Discuss.
flr
l':j
ri m
ll Cert3nqefres(plays)eremoreefiecrvey
-!r Grest lteral!re d.es.ot rnake go.d lrm N!a.ce oferpr.ss on
spe.iicty.f
,l!!.9e anC an alihor iat!e.a.ralve !o.e.a.nor bc r!pii.aled efiecrvely.
O Greal I ter:llre does nat mak goad l m I ReDrcdlcng great terarlre oiien res! ls n
--t Great
D6 aF
Oaon.lrs.. An rs !lrf!
al
rslo
i ! s 1o tie said thal a prture painls a tho!sand words. ltrf r seerns nalurat for
l ns slern irom ttre greaiesr t.rarywor\s However commoi
s lhatwatching the i .. aiier ha!i.9 rcEd ihe book is lsua ly a
s:F,pofi n! exrcse Tlrere are the erceol.ns ol colrse, The C o.kwork Oranqe b/
Antiony B!rless was brlllantly rendered l. frm lry tne Lare Slan ey KLbrct blrl ndeed
th.se lre fc\r and far be[!e]r. t s .ot to sar'rh.l lreat vorks of te.atLrre rnake ior g,ea!
la ires n n n. .larely thal I s hlrnan n?tu.e io draw comparisons across the tuo genres.
cert.inly, many iilms when j!dsed on their own mrits, receive ihe immediaie
siamp ofapproval, b!twhen measured aqainst rhe ,,great tilerarywork', lheywere
based on, falljust thar much shod.
a
tl I s aitl.!
ale tliey ,nyoko n the a!c ence r,ry rlre opic !r.ndelr of rhe s.enes ir ch
e iieisn.rsed by momenis oitefder rofiran.e Perhaps thon greal traryworks caf
;
i.ke
o.' ihe
glod
brl lhis s more poss ble otre. trre main lein oi deas n these worl(s are
llngibe..es thal.an oe ensiy refdered n vsla terms ideEs !fheroism, courage n
oatii. h..o!r.nd !randelr ihe v slal imFaci that eeves an aldience i. v/onder is
.erte
ms.
! o.e .i
!i I
iri.
r.
:00r
rJ-\7 r:r
flo.
So.
ihe.e
sa I
I io
!l
crl
A ea.ler should a so h.!e the abllily to make !npopLrlar Cecls ons elen f i m..is
!o'r! toialy.gainst pllr copnon. Th s rs oflen lhe.ase n na.y.olntr es n lmesoi
.rsrs The 2cton of . e;der sho! C nol be del.m ned by ilst plb c opin on esteca ./ .
cases oiem.r!e..y nsl.ad anyachon sho!d be b.sed cn lo..s!nl.n! rhe pro!fess
or the n.lio. r-ls:or! fas slo\rn !s nrany a tme rh.r great eaoers are rr.se,rlrc rre aie
'. !o:fead ir lh lnFoD! ar decsions. This .c ldes olr Sen or M i sler !!hc . l9rj3 v/rs
srrr.wn erou!li to !. alread, iirlhc merger with Ma als a a tholgh lre uas a..ed tr tn
'relrernenl opp.silo. al hoine Ilref rl vJas the ful!re of S'ngapore ihai topped Itr Lee s
:!enaa iot !!bLic opiiio. Th!s the rezder has to elercse hjs own Ciscretion a.i.or
lLsl depern on plb c opnion iihe s lodo a goodjob I enslrn9 hls.ai on s sr.c.ss
F na
ly
n is nol
adliseb e fora leader to base h s actions sot. y.n puir c.! i..
lhe liews oiUre plb c are dlrded Eorr.nance
be.rdch betler rlthe e.der dos what he be teves in, ralhcr Ihan merety bc a plpper oi
ce(ain acilisb This s.specl3lt)' re e!a.t tn aEe pop! aiions where dtsa!reemenls:r.
!o!nd lr arise w ihln he lenerai pub . Th s s the .ase n id a wlrere tlre lovennerl
ias bee. iorc.d Io a.i accod ng lo Ihe \! of activst grculs, due to po Uca aliances !!lf
ex"emislFoltca p.nies. Tlr s has resuted ln dornestic chanleswircn are perce!.d as
n! 3.sed to\!ard a certa n cornnun ty and so creating mLrch .l sccrd :moig llie pLrLJ
Hence t s obliols t)rar a eaderG.notiel hs actions bedelermned byjlsl p!btic
be
n conc lsLon.
c.ne.ly
..C lo llre rght exle.t Then views oithe popLrlaUon mlst certa n y be t3ken ir. a.c.mi
b!tlheseshoud.olsoeydet.minealeadersactiofs. Let me recal tne 1am!!s.rlcte
bl Abrahanr L n.o n Demo.recy s !olernmentcithe peop e, by lhe peop e, for rhe
tc contesl lhe lact th.r !r.at works of iteral!re can rnake oood nt'ns.
rll s..re q!3lncitons f..d lo be made to Ilre stal.nrentforit ro be dore precse ess a
:ii..p nl ge.eraLsal on iew w.rld d sp!re th.t ltre recert bor oiice srnashes, Lord oi
t1e R ngs pai o.e ani Lo .re rorih! ol pratsc .dee.j they are good tilms f only
!..a!se
\fii:iry
als. perlraps vrorthwh e lo me.tron thsl Iim versions.i pays are more eas V
lhan l r versions of nole s A g.od examp e wolld be The lmpo(ance of
uelrlt Ernesl b,, Os.ar U/ de . feri.stca y flnr! p ay wh.h lrasllsl as hlmorousy
s
.l!h5el !oc.l
.)
of
he d r. h
cho .E !
ltl
ier r
Whenlsin-oo!Lrote.ll'rrknotoryaboLrrlhereevarceofiharssar
bri asoaba!the conlrbr(ons orschieleme.ts oithe pe.son ycu are i!.ln.t Tns-n
.ssay quesl
@![rrn: I ttur
2ooj.-Et!,'Il
J,
?ar,.
OThls. il rnay be sa d thai great works of Lteral! can nake good flms, but very
o ta q.rge . ,.o ior pdj4, o.r o rs,j. o
_ oo oo-
.
:.
oi the
i.s
-Ce
Br"o"..r'6a6<
r..nv.s
yop
rIe-
on
rendere.l n fim. ile.e. n'ri!l)t express ilst rl t wele h s novel Tlre Pl'tue cf Doran
Ga! thatwere i med, jl?r;!ld Drcbabvnothave ceiled siniLaraccoedes The
. ...
'-.tjg"-o
i",i pe.'"l"nc
"iin""
or
ey Chu. (02A151
.na
r slory
r o.e"d_o
"",nd ! ol elenls
d.41
' No o \'o''
nlcl
ms to capl!re very
d^"
belond the
ne
own
o.,e
ul The.onc!sion
iiro.lLr.ii.n
o,6 re .-troducrton d d
con-l,siol
rote o
bLrt
o.
iiie
tgenUy
sclssed
n ihe
llotele
What limts the pace on which an 6.iisl cho.ses to exp.ess h msei? Nolh
6 a .ol . or L6 B
S .oo,."
o arS
d
d,
o - .ro06\oi rjro,' "enr,Io"r-,^: "r
0,6 i odd
d eso
.".
"-
ng
iai
..
.ota ..ot
" r
.""."o
r :. o-o.,o.t"l.r
one. Tlris genes s ol a( oi ttr s new ptan be cai ed the p,od!c.r s own and ts slccess
nay even surpass thar of its pareni uowever, this success rs also rlependenl on wheiher
or.ot the orig.al art form has qlatiles that w j shjfe n the f -aw .n{j whether lhe essen.p
captured nthenew,soihatthereplcadoesno(.iisgrace
,.ilheorgna pece has been
op,6 6 ' d..he._ uo.r. i.ooo..r
o.ed.,led,
rera
lre
ConclLrsion
lone.n
tra.e
a beieve
''ol
lea
:'
ttrat
ro'ro"4.b
Li
ile
"Lr i ".
teratu.e to
ol o o-r ror n
oo\
L_tn
td.d.
o rF,
d.d.c..
b..pF
ro.r'c.6.16
..".o
dn. \oro.oo.
.6D6
.d
.q
'o
opd
1!48 b!
on'!o '
*"."0e
";
.
"
dr
o
."
6
..:,"
"
.o
n '
I
filxs thoa!tfo,tat!elciccollheneralorisrepacedbythedscretionoiihedireclor
c:stLng and lhe very nost lire d re.i.r.!n hope lo ach ele n h s aud ence s !he1 hls
rendltL;n oiscenes aid.hoice c!ls
!s!'
ir
3veltueanorpholssenseoienpaihyzndbengless.bewtl
'4"'o'p..o
d...
of
(02572)
W;li
r"
,.:-o
Lee
2.7 Why
ne rthe,areconel:.iar'r,
to sh
pertraps ne!e. h.pe 1o achlelc Nu..ces oa exprtss on :re dlfiic! t to capt!te on ::creen
and this sireadv q ves lhe te.ary vorks an !naeniab e edge lia.v w.lld agree that tlr
BBC sera vers,on.iThomas Hed/s The [iayor clCaslerbnd!e ]sone ofthe most
ts
pa nf! tl.rngs one can be m.de l! w.icn nexorab y dry, slvr and bo.ng
ia thiui lo tie lexl n reNder ng ihe rnai. plot ev"nt" io rt on" ulta element rirat is nr s5 n!
rere wo!dbthenanatir'evo.eihatdraisloqetherthe" ncon!r!ols elements n tlre
ncveLio create a semb ance ol conl.! ty and tc put:cross Hadvs ideas ndeed
oerh3ps ro amounl of nrastedul c nematoq.aphv or casl ng wotld eler be able l' etpss
pauros as !cdly as Faray s ab ib/ wlur lire pen a ows hi.n to wth nsllrir'Ljlph.ases xe
(th !a
rlrat i'eriod ri lhe hisrory of a .ve whor a one 1..n be seid lo be !.allo)'ed
ili\rerl cfter re.. e a sc appr.3.h fiins bascd o. greal wollls frt! hi!h
expe.latons a.a are d sapponloa The r-..ettUlm lerslon !f Possession ihe aooll"
Prize !r nni.g nole bf AS Byatl Ls a .:ise lrr pol.l Perhaps t nrly be sa d lhal il is :
r.iBn:nd Ural f lns sho!d bel!n!ei p!rely on lhejr.N..reris l_lo!e!er lusl.s
!!!a iy to hale lhe .o!ra!e io male :tre i h b.sed o. : qre3l terary oork . i. :c.cfi
thc charl.nge oi !.ij rp 1o the elpe.lations t enla s .n. s.me .deed hale E.r:r!.d
r!mihani.s!.rasSteneyK!i,_cksversonoi ACockwo.k Ora.ge.
tLa
cnrls 1c2
Ealttum Js!.
r,
]|0j-1Jl_l rr
.s ie, wo! a lre upon a ch ld C.ary, tlre gover.ment has nfri.ge.l upon a .h
,'arua,ri.rt ia:
C
s rtqht
e.d se.lre ch dhood and has exchanged thar t r one f ed wilrr b ood and
vrolcfce. A so ln the lra{_r trar thal cammenceci .anrer th s year the raqigolemme.i
i ned lh. mltiatd corpse ofai Amer.an sold e. aning ihese mages o. st.re te evLs..
Slch !.ellr ca :.lons c eary speak lolunres aboulirorv rhe qolernment vews h!man
fglls llerce hr.ran rlrhls,!lr b. dlflic! t lo i! tr I ljn--s.f war, erhe. a colntry s f.le
ror a saie
r...rc!son
!lrit!.nd r!.dh
liih.nret!,.forprog.essveecoiomcdeve!pm.nrbasedonso.a
an.j p.lit srab
On thc ollrer ha.a acoroptgcler.mentfiaynore!-a.re.ogns.llreexstenceofsuch.
D,"calon llre Declar:ton may hale iaken rnonths lo be d.alrn up by the U. ted
ratons ailer lhe Seconc World \!ar. bLl t wiL ceriainty lake a mlch onger I me the
lr
lecaration
pene.l
[]o.
to
h!maf
ghts re.ord
f!
L]] rr!h le Iire essay was an en!agi.g one t co! d hale been b.oader I ts c.nception oi
rLrnan r glrls and noi eant so heav ly on the Un ve6a De. araiion f t-tunrafl Rtghts
r'lhal cthr h slorlca molements or qroLrps cou d be Lrsed to dis.lss human r qhtst
!..;itiirtni rra,r
"0r
;rr'! r''
r.!msta.ces n:coriirryfor.e.tlo!i!e!Pilsh!mann!hls.i.rexrnfolascltlnni'l
llreprobens lfacesorlotlhcmer.tenanceofsoceLorpoiilca slabiLtr' n the ccLr'try
Lhe c
..
e5.
6, d-p b
o'6'po{
'lpd.j_
"c.I1{oo
However. we
!ovemment in Ch na seeks io !nfy the ent re nation thrcugh lio enl means
Chlna has
governmnts
actions
lor
lodav
Ch
nese
ofthe
deiy
lhe
eltectveiess
ae!nol
in larlous ndlrstriesard ts grcss domestc p.oduci has
r:eco." u l,ant new p
"ynr n the asi len years Hence t can be seen ihal irunor rlghls
" oi lhe increase
a w.ys been
resiorshave
hav;beeniorsakenlnordertcestablishastabepoticacLmaie$lrchl
Al the same time a cou.try may choose to wlthhold the righG for lhe etpss on of
oD nlo.s thro!ah censorshlp !nd maginary oul-of_balnds markers w ih the aim of
!rote.l nq and rnai.ta n n! the socaLand cu tu.a stab itv n sociely Forinstance, the
Remakin! s.gapore com'nlttee recsnl! proposed that the ieelant govemmenl
oroanisata.s bosen the,r q.p on censorsh p so 3s io aLow som room ior giowth n th
o;aartsscene.Lranysolerntenlsinthewordhaveawavsviewedforegnc!tLrcsana
co!nli es halc to open up 3nd sn,r'.rC accept new c! t!res wnile cofi n!o!siy
strcnllhenng their loca c! t!.es Even regarding the ire w to express one s lho!!lirls.
many golernnrent have fo\ lve comed s!.h suggeslons ir the fear ol spark.g
.ont;o;ersy aii arg!menls throlgholr soclet-v therebv lnderm . ng sc. a srablilv, thrcrl
s. key ngred eni Jorconomc adlancenrent
Ln add t o.. human rqhts may nor be d! y accorded to a cot ntry s cilzens wher the
lorarnment js cleary cofrupl Th s occ!.s when a qovernment s obsessed !/ ih se f'
;.mfon and Lrxlry ortoo obsessed wilh ils own extreme f!ndamenla sl altitlrdes thal t
h.s forsaken the selera rghls oi its cilzens fo. food hea th educatio. and wo.k ns!cl
co!nlres the seFwadn of eve.y cuzen s cLearly comp,omised For exeinp)e n
Af!har slan. acute pole l can be seen elerywhe.e as ts cltizens are cepored oi f..t e
:.ilror a!ric! t!re as wel as othr means ois!rvlva Thefe is a so !neqlal tcatine.i ot
?i il lldlels
based on lhe r gender :s only lhe malos can be ed!caled or tlork 3fd
sometmes elen be entitled lo poygamy SLrch !necua trealmert of the cize.s s lhc
res!tofar neffcienl goter.mnlwho has lts proriles wrcng !c.c lisevenmo'e
dLff.u tlor s!ch counlres lo lua lfeDe.iaratonoiH!manRighls
{here
an eiLng
Ft
3,
2aot-carrEr(r1-Elai J,4
huo clins
JC2
Application Queslion
y,
The w.ters of passages A and B difier n lhn afttudes iowari con.g research a.c
przctic. Whal poLices ii a.y do you lhnk lhe government ot yolr coln1ry shoud
n paragrph 4,
deafh stlsl pad and parceioJ human ile n factwe are humans
of y if we are moda. There s thus no heed to lse cion rg to
extend ourlifespan bon a pEctica note imaSine howSingapore
r!l be n th6 tutur ile!ryone lves o.qer, gver the curcnt
aqeing populalon we mal we lbe tunsiormed into a. aged
socielylAntray lhe olhe. .eason ior c oning nieniity is aLso fot
vaid. ll nledlecolpeswanltohav childrenduetotheirtrle ove
oflhe chid they wi I not ins st on il be ng geneticzllylhe rs ,
"doo!o" oi"r 'ld^olldbejrsrd ppf"cr. Vo -o.e
adopton ln slneapore is nor any laboo and one only needs to give
assurance lhata chjld willbe looked aflerwer to adopi hm/her.
fuln iacl, ihe World Child Oeanlsalon even has a movemenl
wirore parents a lover the world can adopt a chid oll oi the
milions oidsrituteslf Africa. Thererore, with so many opr ons
a!a able, ir s cenainly nol necess.ry ioranyone to resort to
Rproduclve clon nq sholtd a so be banned due to the
rt possesses. As menuoned in
paGgraph 4 ol Passage B, there are cau.less situationswhere
conino maybe !s6d Jorsellish reasons dln fact,lhs hs,
:c.ording to an artic e lhe E@nomisf, october l998 akeady
beef acconplshed The adlce teatured a cerman doclor. whose
nrme was nol reveaed, who seecled the oametes oi nteteclLa ly
superor adults and Lsed them to *eate'supets nle lgenl ch ldren
w th rQs olal least 120. lhe a.tic e rurherwenion to say thal
implement wlh rogard to c orlns research lnd pracl.e? Exp ain why. justilvinq vour answer
wilh revanl das rrom both lass.ces as welas yourowr knowedle and oPnions i8l
Pains lo add in
A mee
hrovn
swmaryof the
I hehro!
10
iT iI
This applcation qaeslio. requis you to state yolr sIand ceary. The st.nd you take
shoud also directthe structure oiyo!rresponse (Eg Why alowtherapeuiic co. ng and
not rep.od!ctve clonfg? Or why not a totalbaf, but rather, slricl reulations?)h.r |r
tolLowina responses one thing lhlt stands oll is ther abilty lo strLcllre and ororni:e
ther arguments Dont lorsl lhal coherence s an lmport.nt factor ln deletm nin the
qua!ty oiyour response
While generalars!6efts aboul clonfg research afd pracllce are pobaby necessary
you shoud make a conscols eflo.t t. ale t to your colntrys stuaton Remmber
thls is applicalion, nol regrrlilaton wlry shoud ih polrces you stale be especlaly
pertinenl to or mpodanl lor tourcclflry?
ii
lss,ypls
.ad 644
,.6, I -. d o.q r.
so.e o. .. .o
'oro.d
l
..
p ! loo
:8
)!tcCn
tlltJC2
eth:cs
be:diereC lo,
d;
up
.lscco..liy
ol
lhe
repaclng lssues
r sees 1 -l.w.rds
therdpe!lc orrcfroardllve cloninq, pe.haps {Pass.ge A
Dar.!r.ph 5) flhe need drses n lhe medica sctor.l. orhe
loo g.ai
tryrg to.r3re
re.llhe.orr5e.tcl.n n! research.s
which is
lle setin9
(ir.r
..n.!
r.sr.l..s
c.
02s18
! ! r! cul
,oerss
ihis s a. insighti! respo.se The writer here has 6 d fferenl stye oiw.iting as
compared lo the prelious sample being ess dlscursive and mor locused on
provdlnq sLpportin! or rebltialarg!ments for h s po ts lh!s his po nts conre
across lery dire.tly and forcefu y
LJ
1.. cn.
n
b
.techno og
| ..ad.d,o rr i ,Lb
calguide ines, subsb.ta
[]
d
(e
i-
le;
n! Mlh
ftere.l
ri1.r offers lery r.rr d.la (lir)o. the i( nds oi regularons he proposes Tlr s
m!.h strc.ger rsspo.se lhai 3 s-sysruoni""r
nrpte (a.d vag!e) concept o|str cr regutar on.
Th.a
sa
Fe makes
r'
rse.iporlls
ceo
ln, k I'e !o!ernnenl sho!id have poicis lhal are re evant to b.rh the medicaterc!ps
.o1a!.1 nq Ih.... i! r.sea..h !.d lhe p.op e who wanl lo lse lhe c oning Ich.o og!
Fcr lire
qLil.r,e
on frhrr rh.
!!
!!rn
i0
ihe Chrlslars
so th
Jlu
.rolvec to siarl \!rii
ai.rrt
an
Ja t;.l'N)t!iti trrr
j .llr0i
naLelpernnts o. soaled
ao114!Rfj{[narii)t
Hotver'
human
llit
an ma
'rc
art nol
to ensure the embrv's
l*"up inro..oryos. eilra care sholld be tak.n'ers
n'lwhen
""ir..Gr. ,lriu*.i"rlO r" tt;lcJt fo lesiing on fe.ll zed hum'n embryos al
'asl st'u o be
'.il"i."n-tq,r
"""c
tr"ay iei! a.d !n!;Fdevcioee'l Dtlaled documentarlon
".rir"
are try ripnr'afi b!c'rse
measlrss
ihes
saretv
connnl""""r.r"q"otrn""ipermeil
l
.-. ' -; ;
. o .
"" o o o
".po
b
-'
\6
'd
p
d.o
o
..
oo "
i. ";,. "-" i1...;, then erth.mrle x!qon! becalse even an.1ma slire s!;ulbe
r.1.. *i""1" y.i r"i n,."" be f as :s ; o;e' rl wanl l. s' ihe c'!1oi'i a f erormed
to
v.s EThl.k
tlly
de?e dped
i.
rfe
Ied
.: s.enc. aid re.hnoogt She sjLsl lak n! her tirsr sieD nlo ti
S nc. r. a:e iot ec! po.C rllh hrgh lech.oo!! N shollC n.l
!ent!r rlo con n!
.ss...led !,lh i1
..rscrtucn.es ol. o.inE
t v/i I
be rsky lo
lhou!
..!.es
r-
rhr.
r.
,".p;,,se;'rdasom*r,a
do=tl!l!!9l!19e
'o!
d
'd.
l .re
!.o
rl.ere stoLa !so be.aEiJ s.reen t d.n cn the people lrho want lc make us lN'
'i
clrn nlr re.nnolog! Elhey sh.lld be ;skeri io lr n dla led ouestionna's ard be
.ie^';wsd by lh; aulhort;s lo.nsure liral lhev are lhe lor the:lshl reasDis and 'ot
n:d ic erpo'
thev shoLd
s mpv i. s.l;,J_.lailast trev ia!. FF.r iicn e coup
'e
's.
.lh;r :llern.lres fiEl a;d d..de on.or ng 6s ihe asl resol &Tlros' hD're ook n! lo
.o.e themseles slrorla aso be pe.pe wih a mature m nn Thls process ol s'rceii'gls
s mlarlo lral ollhe a.loplon pr..ea!rs becausel!stlke an adopted clr ld ilr'c"edtnii
sr.!c be ovea b! hs or i,er fam t Fcsevel ii lhs case lhe l'n ! { Tac mcre
c.af h;i
eari
l.
i'
.crn
Ls
a.
th.k
the
p.:b
E.
b..
d!"
rhcf
cr.aion out.i
God s hanns,
1,.:!.j t r)
qp,nfiN'r.
t:\1.i.zi: r;ctiitt"
]rld
anilit JC2
t..sser =
Elample
3e1.,9
r.l
so
the
tetat.l
flr.l
rs
rle
lq$!I rrr:
sellitrq
FU
sotlta
ir.lrh"ilqr,
the.nenf..
pitrase
n th
rlor.l :s!e.l'
n tirLs
n tlr
m.rlind
ma.kfd
patc!
ar type
L! Eminent / lmminent
pe:scn sonewho swe knoln,
b.cause llrey are good at the r proJess
pdoo6 I
6-
o.
/The.omr
rta
rir h s
tadrcu:r
Ile d
nrrFv
li
,t
is
pr'
i_'rs
o r"br d^
be burni down
c nlcs """.
should ",
st
Artholgh boihw.rcs mey be lsed as adlectlcs they mean ditrereit tlr ngs Ecolamic s
!s.a vrh.n relerng 10 i're svstem of money trace and inirstry Economica s !sed whe.
ele( ng ro someur rrg lhat does .ot re!!ire a cr.l mofey 10 oprate
a period
x Sh menUoned abclt tlre skafqe firan she saw lurk ng outside the apartment
7Cr..".1i.*o tl,ai +" s"v, a it,anq" man urkins olisde lhe apadmeit
r. -",;n=...
-r=
ole.onoh.
anC
",!eere
/itrls
systmwas exlremelyeconom ca becalse I !sed roclc
e.i
later
i'
"-
'-';--,"no.".=:-p a
iod!srralcrsis
16 '
x r.. in..'n."n,
r. erpha\i5a on r -po oa 6 oi
^-n. . oemphasse " "
rne-oo,ernmen,"
'.
\o opace 'd'e enp'asisol o''
*;." .
Ll Econonrics / Economical
experer..!
r,ir,J,iiri.ti"
'
lmy.othes
An eminent
st
. .o
"
cl.lolh.s
/-he b! coiceri
'
,i"'i,"".*ar
lrrat aborton
clothi.s
LLl clothes /
I clothinn s !sed,
]a:rljtjl n
obsia. es lo overcome
XAthalqhshe bellelestirataboator
The
The
':rai
gre.t
/r.rd ic Ce.rde
b! r'.rL l rend
/i s
t)trt t
ietn",lil"""i."t*r"
)
'ti3nt!rt':
"
qI
"By
nroiy SoLlh An
'id
I - o'oF'o
'an
:gqLtgt enslters.
we s99! answers
lr'e search for afsurers
"
e,
'/Keep
for do!ntable
e n6uns
sand water
a r, cou'age
rh
tes
ri,r
Ctan|
TheSovenrmenVsovenmeii
l.;
nn
slavr'ly
Cn VlC2 9QBdLnn:
ktut,2aB EqLlt'1]L
a3 Passive co.structlons
lilake s!rc that the iorm oilhe !erb s cofreclwhF passive conslructons are !sed
XThe prob ems assoclatea w th tenorsrn cainot be eas ly !q!9
The probems assocaled with teirodsm canict be easiy sqlcd
/re
,
. ... a'e iot coicer.!d
. . can be mFroved'
She /oves naturerlusl silling undet a lree and heating birds sing
[]
nakes herfeetat
Pronosnsr use the co.rct verbs for sing!lar and plural Pronouns
is a sellish crealLrrei ho looks ouifor himself.
r,,1an
'Nalure
ll isthe nature af
ll is nol in hen
ia,
yoLl
ta tust.
be ctuej
tZllEta
U.l When using the follow'ng proper names as nouns, inctud6 the dennite arrictel
[!
olt
for
lhemselves.
le
was away.
Soclety/The so.ety
Socieiy = ThB sunr of h!r'ran condito.s and aculily as a whole
Sacietv today is tarn between adesire fat rnatenal satsfactian lgained anlythrcugh
rclentless activity) and a wistfui langing far a less canplicated paslarallife.
The societv = a sDecii;c comrnunity
IbZtiny Polynesian society living an ttus Etan.i stil ctingsvery ctasetyto its tn.Itionaj
f:
aU
These propernames
ofthe
16
r{ud
.1.3
cnang
!C2
EQ art iL
r i:ue
),
2aa3-gLaqfuAo
SPELLING
Hltler
Te evislon progranrme
[!
Avoid Singlish;
X lf chi dren are laushl good val!es si.ce vo!no, they are ss like y to engage n
4,4 ABBREVIATIONS
Phone" is an abbrevialiof of"Telephone Te.hn ca y, yo! sho! d
te 'ohone, whlch
!h!
Write
'/
) not moves
(X
4.5 ACRONYMS
liyo! want to use acronyms in yoLrr essay, nrak s!re thal yourfrst reierence spe s the
narne olthe organ sation, prcgmme or plrenomenon infull The prop.wayio do this s
10 stale ihe rdLLnam oiihe reference, then p ace the acrcnym jn bckts (noithe other
way am! nd l). Yo! may then use the acrorym for ihe .esl of the essay
X 'The UN {United Natons) .
Un ied Nations (l.lN)
"'The
D some conrmonly misused acronyms:
CAA
Ilarsl
(nat Light
Srrgapore atleasu
LRT N4ass Rapid Transit (nat l,4ass Rapid Trcnspan)
SARS - Severe Aclie Resp ralory Syidrome
N4F
BgpEllrars/i
r/r
LJUse"
concl!slon, tlrereiore
All in all
Avoid Slangl
Thls
CPF CenlralPrcvldentFu.d
LRT
singaporeans often m s!se the word "whreby". Generally, avoid us ng wheteby when
you mrely mean where'or'\ryhen .
).
are young".
tU Other redundancies
Advance ahead/foMard
exasperatins expressions:
Personally, ihlnklhat.
Frcm my po nt ol view
Jt'1!d
An exanple ol how
sh
Oefg Xaoplng the archilecl oi the "one country two sysrems', formula thaideijns
.lcng (ong s relaUonshlp !/iih Ch na, o.ce said. With a good syslem, even evit men
, c.nnot!9evi. Wlholt a sood system, .)H gooi men canioido qood b!1mav be Jor.ed
:d
Io do cli. L/adin Lee. System Failre T lllE Ju y 28 2003. p 56
Ensure that yoLr p!t the arlr.le la/ilre)lnsde lhe q!otJlon marks f i1 s rad oitire irl e
'/ The Si.a is Tir.es
X Straits t mes the Sirails Times
Notce that tire plirase one co!ntry tlro systems appears in quotaron rarks and thai ihe
n ihat ihe reader knows ne ts rciedno io a sooan. Atso noi.e thai ihe
'
that the non-Eng ish qlorarion has been poputary used and is
rbo'.d".-
.":
p.o
.,''s.
".
,.L
".o."q-
--
::."
o P06
Ul When yo! refer t. a bock or qlrole in your essay make sure thalyou ntrodLcethem
properly. You sho!Ld pay aileniion
6?AJ1i1:t'\
wtl
tonrtjlor
and
lv16ch nes can or y carrv olt lasks they are program.ned to do , as aloteC trom
Passaoe A
r/ Mach hes can onivcarry!!tlaskstheyaie progGmmed todo. ca.ns rhe authoroi
t!
iove
Tan's nalhet felt a greal sense af rC@twhen she heat.lthathe had escaped the buming
'/ r
fha yaung satdierwas reprtdandd be.arse he orers/e pt and did nat rejieve the guatu an
duly, fatcntE ihe lafterla da twa shifts
that a
Ja.k is.,letemtrEd
l.
ce.
hn
nthegiDnrsti../i.m/..rorshrp..0,rbusrrg--v.rysparcmomenr
..iolin
sham s
of
A Pa
!ie.i House
f.lo$
if
10 a qLlore.
sayrn!, p.overb
.r
anolher tangLra!e
nit.
larr in
She is
iir.
tvJC?
1au'tt2ti:
lr t! t,2a0j qLAr'1tri'
)4j11U.1
nDt
he
,\'ai.erc in Si
sa[te
n.twanftt1 b.nticis.
@d slppontr-s
/oior!E:;
]arety,
rakirg a||ay nid y-.a. e\ans has noi siopldri srude/rrs reerr.g
!:l
ratr,20at tj
r@!Sq nd atriors
the
prcbletj
is..r/er{rior,,
Hi:
ra.l.al
t!
d,Fas
--xterded rrt.
r/i..eis
oI/ris tie
Voence= no,if
uiate tenden.ies.
Dis.ovary
Vr'e can
. Concl!sion**Concusivcly
'Co..l!sile y s foi anolrrer day.isay fg rnc.ncrsrof
Ex.rFrF e !qt!114!91l' ,rrase i5 idpo'ranr lodrf [.t end cr essay]
'Con.lusrley'ad!a y ..eans 'cofv
ncing
ng
g] Sohetimes, the
-i!4
m_y
art
as
1!
sco.ceplon E..fomi.'
4epend.,.. cr
a scurce cf enet.tr
f.t
its
y aecsilely, o!e^!hen'Lnqy'
hathlLl
Dependenl = adjective
A counrry lnar is derede.r ..titety an ils netlJhb.rs
the p.net we !e on
e:rl'n ls the soiLwe step on, or the stutfwe bury cofflns in.
Earih
tle
.o.-
.r"
Do. -..jape
the..hp
irom
to rnd
set
.:
sida .Dr
te
tliletences
fheyeniay cLtlu.at a.tivrties lke garng ta
.l-i
of
We m.y ieolisc
the gavemnent
Eco.om ca
a.
the
pad
ltlr
111
t:trn|
t{ut
Cn '! icz
t't trLtltL
n.l larc
an
.om!rodise the.ase
fte .ilerior
C tera
)o- .
d.e 1p
9!!9i!
.iiatks
-.a,iorr do
o,
Etaflp\e
"do
ENarlple
glg
The equipnenl
The equiprnent
b,
sr'has/lrad
ElaDlly
qglauity" x
Baggage
iol
"'
shu.9
L!s!age
oih ng
Exampre A/-"oborrs qficl! rearr ro rerogris. Lmrrrar /aices aftentuning abautb find
lbe sour.e oitbe sourd X
Sklf.
Ema
L-lpbr.gln!l
lsl'
!]
ha! - rsl
"ot
[n Company : Yo! nray nrt NLth bad conpar\] yor da nct tnix th bad conpanies
becaLrse compa.y' i. tf s cas., is an rncounrabte noun; co rot clanqe ri6ilfrarorm
:.
s,,r""td
Even though the following words can be sing!tar or pturat, do not add "s".
These wods .an be lsed r
s^las/has and are/vre/have. .
fr'as a
b -do oatt
Exa'np
E A d (uncountable no!ni= nroney en!ipment. c, seryices prov ded for peopt in need
lndia appeate.J to the incniationat ccthntnitv i.t innediate eEin the dtaightsttick--D
ft An (uncountable no!n)
fte bus,
atres
r,hal
/,lrslntia iilel
the
{e bre:the
4[||ith na\t.tis t]n1es
that dtave
nant
peap e
a.d
Foren,la-
dan!.r
tutlg.nen!
atlElptiY
lll
peapte.
^o by a,e/were/hav...
lt ls fo ovred
i ,-ie p!6!44c1-!,
}.N.
th.JUd!tUththtlerhr&rU
ra.1ra s/Lvas
\ot r .
i ,N) t'riart
Crlleron
t:'N.
t'rcn
ra the
btiikat
tje Anann,ainiaesl
jnlr
ciall or Gralls
l"1.ry Lr.s
at!
$ iat t P.i'(trtt.
t:!tj )tjr
E?ar'1r1:'^
rn{
blrrr s.
arix:r,ra/
/oss
ol.ornper/ireress
: !!n&eG
r/re
L.l4!
., Anrlic
espe.
re.so,
had
',orr
w.wtlabaus
al his task every.lay, nn at shhe, naking
i)
ort a fcr dol/a.s yel iool holrs oipatrsiakng work
baskers rhatsir
1 [1a (uncountable no!n]
cea/s
L-.ol.rabnnoL.
ft.i
sciertisl is
.lrenlt
inl icale
ii
his
ha.ntrg hteak
=b6oill 9 po ..
'r,res
were
.ie,
ser as a nan
pirate propelr
V/D1.1
tenpetlenl.tn
and nsuliing
an al
.a.dt.l
= d rect or manaqe
Thewoa.len luntitu.e c.npany pnCe! it.ell an the way il corducls ils busnessr 11lrsists
an c.nfaiabie ||atu|ng .ar.rrti..s a,iLr --r.e/lerl oua/ilr, canbinetl wilh enrinrrnenlally
_v
ro cross Jhe
road
s! avoc
at.r..i
atnin,Dty
nilli.n dollats
presirqlous schoiarship
orce.rrif,
G..do,
co.d!cts (verb)
lt
'Dof,.
iie
ro.
Aftetlhrcthg
L.bo!.s (verb)=:o
qqJrr'.,ii)1tt
smo&ing
2,.at
t::r)
E?ij,ftrr
he
]hn Ctrn!
c. Ygu b4!e !9lqe!!,!b
gl
11rs
ti
.ot
be d
3.i
ns hands
an
116l
"
"x
[3 ln some cases, you will need to guess whai the student had in rnind, and lhen restructur6 and re"express the idea. (S!ggested answers are provided at the end of
2.
Many yea6 back thev believe lhat the sL. revove aro!.d the earth
,1 Siice youilt re
are to d lhat
Slnce an eary
aqe t
Aliho!glr he
tall blt
rs
Alihodgh he ls
liy
,p^p
L llin!
-b6
16 E.r .cdFraGr
6\'
wrong to stea
s the r aim to
succeed
The peaple
it
t;
_ or 6 j . ounr.bte o.,n
'
D gAa'a.lc
ro .o -- o.-
:.
ie
-d,Tq t
uL-
= one s pr
ir''!aslei!ncounlabte noun)
ftlEj
to
-g'
-,!bbsl
tli
u,
y.L. c.ntitolbn.
1!
-,,i".
"tp"
icip es or sr.id:rds
a-
Po "
lh.i
.""uo";..'-r'"'''"'"".""
Ihestghlolrbeexrrrsirecarinth.sha,taantwnrlovttotlut'sSta.tereveNtinehe
il l,lai\'p..o. si
V\rastes (verb)
s!rp!/t
ls so
Lo
roChdren-rc--n..draqedtostLdylraidThe!shoUdioobeenco!.aqedlopadcpat.
I
2
tuil1tr.
Todures (ve.b):to;.,1.1D
'P-
8.
tt.ltt-q
b--.
),
la2
CiN'ti;
Ihepady3 sirppo.l
Yo!mlsilsean s ntr.se.orstrlcto.s
th nk ihar e s n!! ar foln lornr rs rec! rea
Erample
ILt
A .ommon iror w th
argesLrg.eatesi elc
Exarnt -.:
JCa 9a
: !se.xraras..r
.-
..P td.-
eatnrent
an iisii
1t,ra
tfr" ; 1)
l6Theyo!.qpopleoflodzyareexpectedlobethofutdrel'adersolthecountry'solhe
prob.f, cltuveil. nein!uencJ_ musl be soved ronr
'"!e shoud p.r allenlon lo e!er\"thing lhar hajr..fs tc
lir'r
rhe united
4
5
6
7
5
!
slep lo su"ess
considerihe passlng ol erams l. be iire riosl
'rucla
6d \
rr4
te.p.
not
10
r f!
l0
qro!p;flr
Ameican:o!s klled
ts
aterhewi
efl.ct s!ct
24
tf.t
Le!sjeais
pa
!.r
There
,t
Th. I
2 merers
.11
h.!sen.rC chores
ii
ke
\ork
the
I s nie.ds;tre !]ccd
he may be
yo!'g
i.
slarl
rn.k
ng as
24.
$e m:v prevefl
ih'n lron
5qe(.h ualclres G!ess \taiels ara E3prit cLolhes these are some oJthe
fashlo. ltenrs that teenaqers crave
Lev.lJirs
Lle
Acadmicqua,fical.rs.ieverrrJ..i:Lair.S{rqapo,e
ilany,iounq
anyloung pe.pLe
Oe.pLe are
!.ab.l.
meet lhe
s!!!.r
ae liv
n!
l he lesserlime they have wln th. parents,lhey ar more lkely lo l!rn to lhei.friends
l5.NowaCays 5L leens a.e slpposed io exce and lor those who dontwil llrn to iak ng
16 Young peop e are tbc tltdre eadelsofthe.ounlrysolheprcbemolllvenre
delinqren.y musl be soled now.
18
n States. there
sahgh.rnerete
'
is. r thc.ise
20 Some p:cp e ere tak n! exiims to be lhe r.osl ctuc al step to success
iee that r s : nanoN m nded i eir .n the r part
ln
te, wh ch
'1e
22.lhe!.ilen conrm I a.r ie ulihcul rea srn! lls ioss!le ellects. (The ollrersefle'ce sh'!i be
.f, ired.r lr. rrmp. s nefie.l,. Aso !o! sh.u d b.r nol beslr. sente'ce w(h Such rs
thecrsewhen Possbe elt.rnati!e s!ch ls the caso whn teen'g8rs steal a car tor a
iovr de orcaus atraflic.ccidentwhenlhe! specd )
:3 3y!lLnJlr'eto!.!erlenra:onthe:llenloNlh.vth.veon
su.ceed n
17 \^/e sho! d
m to
or'b!tl
2r
r:
26 For.x.mpe. Captaif Planel a nisio brn! across tho dea oiconseryauon znd addtess
pr.b sns r.e Fo !ton detorestaton .zo.e deFleir'n en'l soo'
2i
(omit either'arthouqh
l3
a
rrLr' !r rr{lr
r.ys
are
a lln e gn
From
tim. we
On the conlrary' if he
also sian snoking
23Bygllrnothe!o!rgergene..tonlheatle.t.n(hevllrr!eon1hvmaynotgoa'o!nd
doi:q th n!s
From the
,, r lG
oo nq
rr
12
'
-lAs!
j o ,,
,- \o^ .a
" .d-.
s may
.1emo,et.eJt\"vrr".o,c
res! I i. nrore
o.
"
.-
"9" ..e,o".leo..-,"
..or_o!.^todono.m!,.
.oo..
ttw
CtongJC2
Ealutttit I:'E3,20a3-9?A
:,tL 4l
26 Caplain Panel helpsto put across the idea ofconseryation toyolnO viewers by addressinq
prcbems llke po uiio., deforesl.tio. aid ozone depletion.
27 Threwillcome
28-lhel.2melertall,chidlkerobotinventedbyJapanesee.gineerssdesignedtchelpwth
Oo you
As qulcky as possb e, try to identfywh ch oflhe following are homonyms. and which
knowthe
fLrm
ture everyday
10
reius rciuse
rn the
desed
drLrm
i)id
cose t
n) The buck does lunny th ngs when lhe does are present
r)
t)
had
1()
u) How can
nlimate lh s 10 my mosi
.!t
i.t
rnale f. end?
a pie of dirt