Slimhole Coiled Tubing Drilling
Slimhole Coiled Tubing Drilling
Technology
Dr. William J. McDonald
Thomas E. Williams
PTTC Technology Seminar
Lafayette, LA
December 5, 2000
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Sponsors
28
22
Typical
Most
DEA-67
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Sponsors:
Texaco & BP
Start Date:
January 1, 1992
End Date:
Participants:
65
Tasks:
22
Budget:
$3 Million
DEA-67 Tasks
1. Update Software
2. New Software
3. Users Group
4. New Technology
5. Drill-String Design
6. Motors and Bits
7. MWD and Geosteering
8. Well Control
9. UB Drilling/Completion
10. Logging Tools
11. Perforating Systems
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DEA-67 Deliverables
Major
reports
Computer
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programs
6
9
Forums
Schools
Advances in
Slim-Hole Technology
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Summary
Slimholes:
-Reduce Well Costs 40 to 70%
-Reduce Environmental Costs & Concerns
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Overview
Historical
Types
Background
of Slim-Holes
Slim-hole
Cost Savings
Evolution
and Experience
Concerns
and Conclusions
Outlook
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93
96
87
90
81
84
75
78
69
72
63
66
57
60
51
54
45
48
39
42
Number of Publications
60
50
40
30
20
10
YEAR
9
Stekoll Slimhole
Pumping System (1960)
1 Tee
Rubber Hose
Clamp
Flow Line
Conventional
Stuffing Box
Gas Vent
Screen
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Slip-Type Hold-Down
with Rubber Removed
10
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1,000
1
2-1/2
70
BOPD
40
17%
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STEKOLL Slimhole
Operations (2-7/8)
Drilling
& Logging
Perforating
Acidizing
Fishing
& Fracturing
& Washovers
Sand
Bailing
Dual
Completions
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STEKOLL, 1960
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Workover
Tubing
Concerns
Failures
Resistance
to Slimholes
Resistance
to New Technology
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Continuous
Coring
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Rotary
Drilling
Mud Motor
Collar
Core Barrel
Slim-Hole Systems
Downhole
Motor
16
Slim annulus
(<1/2)
Wellbore
Flush-joint
drill rod
4-3/8 core bit
(0-10,000 lb WOB)
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18
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20
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Slim-Hole Site
160 ft
(BP, 1994)
330 ft
200 ft
Conventional Site
22
80
80%
70
70%
% Savings
60
50
40
40%
30
20
10
0
MUD
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CASING
CEMENT
23
MICRODRILL COSTS
(1500-5000 ft DEPTH)
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Cost Savings
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800
800
5 MEN
625
600
525
4 MEN
4 MEN
400
335
3 MEN
200
9"
6 3/4"
5 5/8"
3 3/4"
HOLE SIZE
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RELATIVE COST
5 1/2" CASING
2 3/8" TUBING
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4" CASING
1 1/2" TUBING
2 3/8" CASING
NO TUBING
27
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CONVENTIONAL % OF TOTAL
($)
SAVINGS
ACID
150
600
LOGGING
850
850
--
PERFORATING
450
350
-1
FRACTURING
3300
4500
LOCATION EXPENSE
2500
2500
--
MUD
1000
1000
--
CORE ANALYSIS
200
200
--
37,470
52,220
100
TOTAL:
2209314X
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DEA-67
29
30
SLIM-HOLE COSTS
6.0
2000m TD
DRY HOLE
ONSHORE
4.0
CONVENTIONAL
2.0
0
LOCAL
SLIM HOLE
REMOTE
LOGISTICS
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31
1983
(SH)
1985-86
(SH)
12
7,670,000
4,680,000
2,060,000
TOTAL FOOTAGE
18,962
11,740
29,179
AVERAGE DEPTH
3,792
3,913
2,432
2,770,000
960,000
760,000
NO. OF LIFTS
317
187
100
NO. OF DAYS
16
HELICOPTER
PUMA
PUMA
S-58T
NUMBER OF WELLS
AVERAGE WELL COST
DRILLING
DRILLING COST/WELL
LOGISTICS
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ORYX
HORIZONTAL SLIM-HOLE COSTS
(HALL AND RAMOS, 1992)
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1458
3.88 (CT)
0.63
38
2018
3.31
0.74
24
2002
1.84
0.41
21
2692
1.46
0.43
20
2242
1.83
0.45
18
1927
2.36
0.50
14
1600
1.75
0.31
22
1900
2.60
0.54
AVG 22
1980
2.38
0.50
34
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Open Hole
7-7/8 Hole
1518
5-1/2 Casing
9-7/8 Hole
1520
4-3/4 Hole
7-5/8 Casing
4-3/4 Hole
Inflatable
Casing Packer
Cement
10697
TD 10926
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2-7/8
TD 10909
Production Casing
2-7/8
Production Casing
36
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Location:
Rig Modification:
Hole Diameter:
4-3/4 inches
Casing Diameter:
2-7/8 inches
2-7/8 inches
Collar Diameter:
Motor Diameter:
Drilling Rate:
Up to 2x increase
Problems:
Successes:
Cementing/Logging/Perforating
Cost Savings:
37
Slim-Hole No. 1
Slim-Hole No. 2
Slim-Hole No. 3
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Slimhole
13-3/8 @ 1000
9-5/8 @ 4500
SSSV
Ultra Slim
9-5/8 @ 850
7 @ 2500
SSSV
7-5/8 @ 850
5-1/2 @ 2500
6-1/8 Hole
4-3/4 Hole
2-7/8 TBG
@ 4500
2-7/8 TBG
@ 4500
2-7/8
TBG
7 @ 10000
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39
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.75
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Slimhole
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(4-3/4)
Conventional
(8-1/2)
40
Slimhole Wells
Conventional Wells
0.00
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500
1000
1500
Time (days)
2000
2500
41
Unocal, 1997
Slimhole development has completely
Transformed the future of Gulf of Thailand
Operations and has paved the way for
Operators to continue providing a longterm economic supply of gas to the
Kingdom of Thailand
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Slimhole
13-3/8 Casing
1650 m
9-5/8 Casing
9-5/8 Casing
1650 m
7 Casing
2-7/8 Tubing
3000 m
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Packer
Cement
7 Casing
3000 m
3-1/2 Tubing
43
45
42
40
35
32
31
30
30
25
20
16
15
13
12
Wellhead
Cement
10
5
0
Mud
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Rig
Casing
Time
Tubing
Bits
Overall
44
13-3/8 Casing
12-1/4 Hole
8,000
9-5/8 Casing
2-7/8 Tubing
10,500
Cement
8-1/2 Hole
12,500
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2-7/8 Tubing
45
Program
Drillstring
Fishing
& Milling
Increased
Bit
Torsional Strength
ECD (lost circulation)
Downhole
Cementing
Stimulation
Workovers
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Perforating
Tubing
Wellhead
BHA
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design
design
47
Conclusions
Slimholes:
-Reduce Well Costs 40 to 70%
-Reduce Environmental Costs & Concerns
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Universal Jt
Bearing
Pack
Standard
Power
Sections
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Stuffing Box
Gas Vent
Screen
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Anchor
50
Surface Equipment
1,000 to 5,000 Feet
2-7/8 or 3-1/2 Casing (CT or
Tubing)
1-1/2 CT (Hollow Sucker Rod)
Hollow Polish Rod
Hollow Rod Pump
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YPF Installation
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Percent
Eliminates Tubing Thread Failures
Eliminates Tubing Anchors
Reduce Lifting Costs
Reduce Paraffin Problems
Reduce Casing Wear
Treat Wells Through CT
Eliminate Rod Failures
Allows Ultraslim Holes
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Advances in
Coiled-Tubing Technology
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Overview
History
& Evolution
Current
Status
Conventional
Coiled
Operations
Outlook
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55
Number of Publications
120
100
80
60
40
20
96
94
92
90
88
86
84
82
80
78
76
74
72
70
68
66
64
YEAR
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Evolution
1944
57
Today
750
Units Worldwide
50%
Few
in North America
Pipe Failures
Multiple
CT
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Applications
Pipelines
58
Common Applications
Clean
outs (50%)
Stimulations
Profile
Modifications
Perf/Log
Artificial
Sand
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Lift
Control
59
Coiled-Tubing Applications
Clean-out
Downhole Tools
Stimulation
Nitrogen Lift
Drilling
Logging/Perf
Jetting
Fishing
Cementing
60
JOB
SAVINGS YEAR
Cement Squeeze
90%
1987
Pipeline Cleanout
90%
1988
Barium Scale
80%
1990
Velocity String
59%
1992
Zinc Sulphide
94%
1993
Spoolable GL
68%
1993
Fracturing
21%
1994
TT Gravel Pack
80%
1996
Workovers
Completions
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Support Pole
Hybrid Coiled-Tubing/
Snubbing Rig
(Hydrarig)
CT Injector
Injector Trolley
Substructure
Jack Cylinder
Quad BOP
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69
ESP Well
Slip
Connection
ESP cable
Slip connector
Landing nipple
Protector
Motor
Centralizer
7 K55, LTC
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Velocity String
Top CT plug
2-7/8 CT
1-1/2 CT
4-1/2
Tie back
3-1/2 CT
Pump
Gas lift
mandrels
13-3/8
casing
4-1/2
Tie back
2-7/8
EU nipple
5-1/2 x 2-7/8
production
packer
3-1/2
tubing
Gas lift
mandrel
Bottom hole
press. gauge
Sliding
sleeve
circulating
device
7 packer
3-1/2 nipple
7 shoe
Hyd. set
retrievable
packer
Production
packer
2-7/8
EU nipple
70
Pre-perforated
CT liner with
optional screen
Pay Zone
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CT Steam-Injection System
Coiled Tubing
Injector
Steam
Generator
BOP
Wellhead
Oil Reservoir
Steam
8000
Pearlite
Oil
Oil
Steam
Casing
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Production
Tubing
Slotted
Liner
Concentric CT
2-7/8 CT
1-3/4 CT
Concentric CT
Cross Section
72
History of CDT
Current Status
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73
Reel
Power Supply
2 CT with Wireline
Connector
Guidance
System
Whipstock or
Cement Plug Orienter
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Mud
Motor
Bent Sub
Bit
74
Circulation
Pressure Control
Footprint, Environmental
LWD, Geosteering, Joystick Operation
Deepenings, Side-Tracks
Through-Tubing Capable
Costs?
Availability
Acceptance
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75
1992
1994
1994
1995
1999
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76
Schlumberger Electrically-Controlled
CT Drilling System
2" CT
Drilling
Head
Logging/Steering
Sub
Bit
Electric
Orienter
Motor
7-Conductor
Wireline
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77
Transocean Hydraulically-Controlled
CT Drilling System
2" CT
Connector
Hydraulic
Orienter
Check Valves/
Release Sub
Bit
Logging/Steering SubMotor
Monoconductor Wireline
1/4" SS Hydraulic Tubing
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Protective
Sheath
Hydraulic
Oil
3/8 x 0.65
Hydraulic Tubing
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Thermoplastic
Insulation
79
1991-Initial
ST effort unsuccessful
1992-94
1992-Successful
1993-Prudhoe
ST in West Texas
program started
1994-95
THUMS Efforts,
1997++
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120
100
80
60
40
20
0
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1
Alaska
1
Texas
3
Indonesia
1
Algeria
81
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Bottom
Hole Assembly
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Surface Testing
17 PPG Fiber F/O Plug
Pilot Hole
Casing Exit
One Step Mill
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2000
1794
1800
1685
Average Footage
1600
1400
1204
1200
1000
800
817
600
400
200
0
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1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
105
1995 - $990M
1996 - $1005M
1997 - $1165M
1998 - $1200M
1999 - $1375M
Harder, Longer Reach Targets
Avg. Production 1400 BOPD
90% success
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Grissom Island
THUMS - Arco Project
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Fleet
Used
Hole
Depths
Total
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time 24 hours/well
114
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115
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120
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Indonesia
Multiple
One
870
Used
Completed
2nd
3rd
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Offshore Indonesia
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Less
AK,
Currently
Fleet
MWD,
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electric/hydraulic BHAs
128
Circulation
Pressure Control
Footprint, Environmental
LWD, Geosteering, Joystick Operation
Deepenings, Side-Tracks
Through-Tubing Capable
Costs?
Availability
Acceptance
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operations
All-electric CTD BHA
Composite CT
Pre-programmed, self guided BHA
Smaller BHAs
Through-tubing rotary drilling
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Production
Tubing - FS PT
Pipe - FS LP
Coiled Tubing -FS CT (for Well
Servicing)
Line
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Altura, Levelland,
TX
40,000 water
flood installation
2 ID, 1500-psi
WP Fiberspar
LinePipe used
Pipe shipped in
8,000 ft
continuous
lengths
135
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Few Fittings
Long
runs were
easily
accomplished with
few or no fittings
to account for
turns
Several long runs
with multiple turns
were successfully
completed in a
single pull
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