El - Tr-343 Industrial Electronics: 1.1 Understand The Industrial Applications of Switching, Photo Devices and Timers
El - Tr-343 Industrial Electronics: 1.1 Understand The Industrial Applications of Switching, Photo Devices and Timers
The unijunction transistor does not belong to the thyristor family because it does not
have a four-layer type of construction. The term unijunction refers to the fact that
the UJT has a single pn junction. The UJT is useful in certain oscillator applications
and as a triggering device in thyristor circuits.
The UJT (unijunction transistor) is a three-terminal device whose basic construction is
shown in Figure .
UJT consist if an N-type silicon semiconductor bar base and a P-type silicon region. The
N type bar is called base and the P-type region as emitter. Thus a PN junction is formed
between the emitter and base regions. The emitter region is heavily doped , while the
base region is lightly doped . Due to this region , the resistivity of the base material is
very high. Three terminals are taken out of the whole structure one from the emitter
region and other from the end of the base region. These three terminals are labelled as
emitter (E) , base 1 (B1) and base 2 (B2).
Equivalent Circuit:
The equivalent circuit for the UJT, shown in Figure 1137(a), will aid in understanding
the basic operation. The diode shown in the figure represents the pn junction, represents
the internal dynamic resistance of the silicon bar between the emitter and base 1,
Applications of UJT:
Relaxation oscillators.
Switching Thyristors like SCR, TRIAC etc.
Magnetic flux sensors.
Voltage or current limiting circuit.
Bistable oscillators.
Voltage or current regulators.
Phase control circuits.
1.1.2 State the rating & power control characteristics of an SCR (VAK,
VBR, IH, IA, IGT).:
(anode to cathode voltage)VAK = voltage SCR when it is open = source voltage max.
LDR:
A photo-resistor (or light-dependent resistor, LDR, or photocell) is a light-controlled
variable resistor. The resistance of a photo-resistor decreases with increasing incident
light intensity; in other words, it exhibits photoconductivity.
2. REGULATOR S OF VOLTAGE AND MOTOR SPEED. (05 Hours) 2.1 Voltage regulation of
electric generators. 2.2 Speed Control of DC motor and light dimmers.
2.3 Speed control of a 3-phase induction motor.
3. TRANSDUCERS (10 Hours) 3.1. Introduction of Transducers.
3.2. Strain Gauge.
3.3. Displacement Transducers. 3.3.1. Potentiometric Transducer.
3.3.2. Capacitive Transducer.
3.3.3. Inductive Transducer.
3.3.4. LVDT
3.4. Thermal Transducers. 3.4.1. Resistance Temperature Detectors.
3.4.2. Thermister.
3.4.3. Thermocouple.
3.4.4. IC Temperature Sensor
3.4.5. Pyrometer
3.5. Optical Transducers
3.6. Pizo-Electric Transducer
3.7. Hall Effect Transducer
4. CONTROL OF SYSTEMS. (16 Hours) 4.1. Fundamentals of Control System. 4.1.1. Control
variables
4.1.2. Open loop control system.
4.1.3. Closed loop control system.
4.1.4. Final control elements.
4.1.5. On-off control.
4.2. PI Controller. 4.2.1. Fundamentals
4.2.2. Proportional Band.
4.2.3. Application.
4.3. PD Controller. 4.3.1. Fundamentals
4.3.2. Integration time.
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4.4. PI, PD and PID Controllers. 4.4.1. Calibration and application. 4.4.2 Characteristics
4.5. Servo System. 4.5.1. Loop presentation.
4.5.2. Armature and field controls.
4.5.3. Servo Block characteristics.
4.5.4. Synchors, transmitter and transformer.
4.5.5. Velocity feedback.
4.5.6. Speed control.
4.5.7. Transient response
4.5.8. Automatic voltage stabilizer (servo type)
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drive.
2.19 Draw the circuit diagrams of light dimmer using (i) An SCR with a bridge rectifier.
(ii) a diac and a triac.
2.20 Explain the operation of both the above light dimmer circuits.
3. UNDERSTAND THE ROLE OF TRANSDUCERS IN INDUSTRY. 3.1 Explain Transducers. 3.1.1
Define Transducer
3.1.2 List basic types of transducer.
3.1.3 List and discuss different principles used in transducers.
3.1.4 Discuss different classifications of transducers.
3.2 Discuss construction, working and applications of Strain Gauge.
3.3 Explain construction and working of Displacement Transducers. 3.3.1 Discuss construction, working
and applications of Potentiometric Transducer.
3.3.2 Discuss construction, working and applications of Capacitive Transducer.
3.3.3 Discuss construction, working and applications of Inductive Transducer.
3.3.4 Discuss construction, working and applications of LVDT
3.4 Explain Construction and working of Thermal Transducers. 3.4.1 Discuss construction, working and
applications of Resistance Temperature Detectors.
3.4.2 Discuss construction, working and applications of Thermister.
3.4.3 Discuss construction, working and applications of Thermocouple.
3.4.4 Discuss construction, working and applications of IC Temperature Sensor
3.4.5 Discuss construction, working and applications of Pyrometer
3.5 Discuss construction, working and applications of Optical Transducers
3.6 Discuss construction, working principal and applications of Pizo-Electric Transducer
3.7 Discuss construction, working principal and applications of Hall Effect Transducer
4. UNDERSTAND THE FUNDAMENTALS OF VARIOUS TYPES OF CONTROL SYSTEM. 4.1
List the basic control variables. 4.1.1 Draw the block diagram of open-loop control system.
4.1.2 Identify the function of each block of the system.
4.1.3 List the applications of open-loop control system.
4.1.4 Draw the block diagram of closed-loop control system.
4.1.5 Identify the function of each block of closed-loop control system.
4.1.6 List the uses of closed-loop control system.
4.1.7 Describe the function of final control element.
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