Part F Foundations
Part F Foundations
FOUNDATIONS
Version
May 2003
COPYRIGHT
The computer program ACECOMS GEAR and all associated documentation are
proprietary and copyrighted products. Worldwide rights of ownership rest with
ACECOMS, AIT. Unlicensed use of the program or reproduction of the
documentation in any form, without prior written authorization from ACECOMS,
AIT., is explicitly prohibited.
Further information and copies of this documentation may be obtained from:
ACECOMS, AIT,
PO Box 4, Klong Luang
Pathumthani, 12120 Thailand.
Tel: (662) 524-5539
Fax: (662) 524-6059
E-mail: [email protected]
Web: www.acecoms.ait.ac.th
DISCLAIMER
CONSIDERABLE TIME, EFFORT AND EXPENSE HAVE GONE INTO THE DEVELOPMENT
AND DOCUMENTATION OF ACECOMS GEAR. THE PROGRAM HAS BEEN
THOROUGHLY TESTED. IN USING THE PROGRAM, HOWEVER, THE USER ACCEPTS
AND UNDERSTANDS THAT NO WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED BY THE
DEVELOPERS OR THE DISTRIBUTORS ON THE ACCURACY OR THE RELIABILITY OF
THE PROGRAM.
THE USER MUST EXPLICITLY UNDERSTAND THE ASSUMPTIONS OF THE PROGRAM
AND MUST INDEPENDENTLY VERIFY THE RESULTS.
Contents
1-1
1-1
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
1-5
1-6
1-7
1-12
1-14
1-14
Isolated Footing
Initial Setup
1-1
1-1
ACECOMS GEAR
RC Design Options
1-2
1-4
1-8
1-8
2-1
2-1
RC Design Options
2-2
2-4
2-7
Quick Tutorial
How to Design a Pile Cap Quickly
Designing Pile Caps
Basic Concept
How to Define the Structure
Graphics Display
ii
1-10
1-10
1-11
1-12
1-13
1-13
1-14
1-15
1-16
2-9
2-9
2-14
2-14
2-14
2-18
Contents
2D View
3D View
Preparing Reports
Driven Pile Capacity
Initial Setup
1-18
1-19
2-20
3-1
3-1
3-2
3-5
Capacity Table
3-6
Preparing Reports
3-7
iii
General Tools
Tools grouped under this category are the Unit Converter,
Engineering Constants, Dead Load Reference, Factored
Loads and Load Combinations. A brief introduction of
these modules is provided next.
Unit Converter
Unit Converter is a simple but comprehensive program
that can be used for converting values from one unit to
another, irrespective of their unit systems.
1
Engineering Constants
Engineering Constants is a program for easy reference to
common engineering constants such as density, viscosity,
energy, discharge, hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity,
power, temperature, water quality, modulus of elasticity,
coefficient of expansion, specific gravity, thermal expansion, thermal conductivity and Poissons ratio.
Factored Loads
This tool readily computes the factored loads combinations from basic load cases in accordance with the ACI318-95 and AASHTO design codes.
Load Combinations
This module is used for the detailed calculations of load
combinations. Standard and user defined load combinations may be calculated.
Geometric Properties
Programs related to the determination of basic geometric
properties of various shapes and cross-sections have been
grouped into this category. These include the Triangle
Solver, Circle Solver, Polygon Solver, and the Property
Calculator.
Triangle Solver
Any general triangle can be solved using this module. Triangle dimensions, angles and properties can be computed.
Circle Solver
Properties of solid and hollow circles (full, semi and quarter) and part of circles such as segment, arc, sector, etc.
can be calculated using this program.
Polygon Solver
This module solves regular polygons, both solid and hollow. The polygons may have any number of sides between
3 and 12.
Property Calculator
Basic properties of various cross-sections can be computed using this module. The properties are reported about
the centroid or any other user-specified location.
RC Utilities
Modules that help in the design and analysis of RC beams
and columns have been grouped here. These include the
Rebar Calculator, K-Factor Calculator and the Moment
Magnifier.
Rebar Calculator
This is a useful tool for calculating the required sizes, bar
spacing and bar combinations for standard and userspecified reinforcing steel bars.
KFactor Calculator
This module is meant for calculating the effective length
factor for columns. It can handle columns of various end
restrained conditions.
Moment Magnifier
This module helps in calculating the magnified moments
for columns to account for slenderness effects.
RC Members
Modules related to the design of RC members are grouped
into this category. These include Beam Designer, Column
Designer, Two-Way Slab designer and Flat Slab Designer.
Beam Designer
This simple, yet comprehensive tool can be used for the
design of reinforced concrete cross-sections subjected to
bending moment, shear force and torsion. The program
carries out a detailed calculation for computing the required reinforcement and for back computing the capacity
of a given section.
Column Designer
This is a simple, yet comprehensive tool for the design of
reinforced concrete cross-sections subjected to axial load
and moment about two axes. The program carries out a
detailed calculation for computing the required reinforcement and for back computing the capacity of a given section.
Steel Members
Modules related to the design and analysis of steel structural members such as struts, beams and columns are
grouped here.
Strut Designer
This module designs steel members subjected to axial load
only. It recommends a cross-section for a given load. In
addition to design, it can also analyze a given crosssection to check if it is sufficient for a given loading. In
such a case it calculates the cross-section properties, effective length factor and slenderness ratio. The module
checks the allowable stresses by calculating the Combined
Code Stress Ratio. It also checks the adequacy of slenderness by checking the slenderness ratio.
section by calculating the coefficient of bending. In addition to design, this module also analyzes a given crosssection for a given flexural load. It calculates section
properties and slenderness ratio and checks the adequacy
of the section.
Foundations
The modules related to the design and analyses of foundations have been grouped under this category. These included the Iso-Footing Designer, Combo-Footing Designer, Pile Cap Designer, and Driven Pile Designer.
IsoFooting Designer
This module performs comprehensive design and analysis
of reinforced concrete isolated footings. The detailing of
the footing is also performed.
ComboFooting Designer
This module performs comprehensive design and analysis
of reinforced concrete combined footings. The detailing of
the footing is also performed.
Step 3: Specify the folder to which to extract the file and then click
Unzip.
Step 4: Go to the folder in which the extracted files have been saved
and double-click on GEAR folders. If you are installing from an ACECOMS CD ROM, double-click on the CD ROM drive to display the
above screen.
Step 6: Press OK to continue with the setup or Exit Setup to cancel the
setup.
Step 7: Press the installation button as shown here. Also note the directory to which the software will be installed. If you want to install to another location (say D:\, etc.), click Change Directory and specify the
desired path.
Step 9: The Setup Status dialogue will display the setup progress.
1.
Get a New Authorization Code from ACECOMS
to upgrade the user level (Demo Version to Full Version).
2.
3.
4.
Enter the User ID. (User ID number can be obtained from the About the Module dialogue box from the
Help menu or from the order form).
5.
Enter the New Authorization Code (in capital letters) exactly as it appears on the instruction given by
ACECOMS and press the Apply button.
If you have entered the correct Authorization Code
and User ID, then the user level in the Current Authorization Level box will be changed and you will get
the message The authorization level has been upgraded, now press OK to Exit. Otherwise, you will
get a message Invalid Authorization, please try again
OR cancel at the bottom of the dialogue box.
Changing Authorization Level 1 -13
6.
Click on the OK button if you get the first message. If authorization is successful the program will immediately change to the full version without the need to
restart.
E-mai l
[email protected]
WEB s ite
http://www.acecoms.ait.ac.th
Chapter 3
Isolated Footing Design
Chapter
Initial Setup
Setting Up Work Environment
ACECOMS GEAR initializes your work environment using appropriate value for different parameters. Once you
exit the program, values of important parameters such as
default work units, rebar set, design code etc are saved
automatically and are used to initialize these parameters
next time when you start the program.
1-1
Go to the Tools menu and select the Select Working Units command. There are three options available: SI, Metric and US.
NOTE: Working Units should be selected before starting the design. If you want to change the working unit
in the middle of the design, a new design is started and
a dialogue box appears with the message "Changing
the Working Units will start a new section. Do you
wish to save Current Data?". Click YES and save it in
a file if you want to save the data, or click NO if you do
not want to save the data and wish to start a new one.
A new set of default data in the new system of units will
be initialized. The previous data, if not saved, will be
lost.
RC Design Options
All RC Design modules in GEAR provide several options
related to the design of RC members. Options in each
module can be set independently of the other modules.
These include the selection of the Design Code, Design
Method, Rebar Set and Rules, etc. All these options, once
changed, affect all computations in that module. To
change or view the RC Design Options do the following:
Initial Setup 1 -3
Edit
The Edit menu provides commands for copying and
cutting selected text, graphics or results. This option is
available for input data, the result list and the figure.
Copy: Selected information may be copied into the
clipboard and may then be pasted into other applications.
Cut: In addition to copying selected information, this
deletes that information from the screen.
Tools
This menu allows you to set some general parameters
for the program.
Design Current Footing: Carries out the design of the
currently displayed footing data for all defined load
combinations.
Design All Footings: Carries out the design of all the
footings defined in the current data file. Each footing
is designed for all load combinations defined for it.
Working Units: Use this menu to choose the units to
US, Metric or SI.
RC Design Options: Use this menu to set some general parameters for the overall design that includes:
the design code, the design method and the rebar set.
You can also define the bar selection rules in the design options. For more details see section RC Design
Options.
How to Use the Module 1 -5
Repo rt
The menu commands under Report let you prepare,
format, preview and print the results.
Project Information: Select this command to provide
basic project information such as Project Name, Client, Job Title, Engineer and Organization.
Report Item Content: Choose this command to select
the content of the report from various options listed.
Report Format: Report layout, text styles and contents of the report can be specified using this command.
Print: This menu command prints the results that have
been added to the report.
Preview: Use this menu command to preview the
formatted report before printing.
Save Result Content: Choose this command to save
the report as a simple text file for future use.
Help
This menu has all the commands related to help for
the program.
Help Topics: Use this command to get a list of Help
Topics.
Contacting ACECOMS: Use this command to contact
ACECOMS for technical reference and learn about
ACECOMS activities.
About the Program: This menu command opens up a
dialogue box that contains information about the End
How to Use the Module 1-6
Punching Shear
One-Way Shear
Area of Footing =
total load
allowable soil pressure
Specify the over Stress Factor. This is used to increase the bearing capacity for loading that have a
temporary loading part, like wind loads.
Specify the over Stress Factor. This is used to increase the bearing capacity for loading that have a
temporary loading part, like wind loads.
Click the New Button to add another footing. Repeat the above steps to define the geometry, material properties and loading on the new footing.
Add as many footings as required.
Viewing Results
Click on the Results tab to view the Footing Dimensions, Reinforcement Details along X and Y
and Soil Pressure for all load combinations.
Graphics Display
This module of GEAR displays the interactive 2D and 3D
views, along with the 2D sketch in plan of the defined
slabs. These views can be activated by clicking
or
2D View
Activate the form using the
button on the toolbar
while on the Sketch tab. The 2D view is interactive and
responds to most mouse movements. The screen of the
view will display the currently selected slab with the rebar
layout. The continuity of the slab is shown by and extra
line on the continuous edge. The following toolbar in
available on the form:
Resets the current slab 2D view.
Sets the view angle on the 2D display. View
angle can be changed by clicking on the display
and moving the mouse pointer.
Pans the currents display.
Changes the zoom of the display. Use the left
mouse button on zoom in and the right mouse
button to zoom out.
Adds the current display to the current report.
Copies the current display to the system clipboard.
3D View
The 3D View form can be activated using the
button
on the toolbar while on the Sketch tab. The 3D view
shows the currently selected slab (selected on the Input
tab) along with the perimeter beams and slab continuity.
The following toolbar in available on the form:
Resets the current slab 3 view.
Sets the view angle on the 3 display. View angle
can be changed by clicking on the display and
moving the mouse pointer.
Pans the currents display.
Changes the zoom of the display. Use the left
mouse button on zoom in and the right mouse
button to zoom out.
Sets the 3D view options.
Adds the current display to the current report.
Copies the current display to the system clipboard.
Preparing Reports
Use the Report menu to create a comprehensive, formatted
report of selected data and results. The Report menu lets
you specify the project information, contents of the report,
target printer, paper size, margins, character formats and
header and footers, preview the report and also save the
report.
Preparing Reports 1 -15
Chapter 2
Pile Cap Designer
Chapter
Initial Setup
Setting Up Work Environment
ACECOMS GEAR initializes your work environment using appropriate value for different parameters. Once you
exit the program, values of important parameters such as
default work units, rebar set, design code etc are saved
automatically and are used to initialize these parameters
next time when you start the program.
RC Design Options
All RC Design modules in GEAR provide several options
related to the design of RC members. Options in each
module can be set independently of the other modules.
These include the selection of the Design Code, Design
Method, Rebar Set and Rules, etc. All these options, once
changed, affect all computations in that module. To
change or view the RC Design Options do the following:
Initial Setup 2 -3
Edit
The Edit menu provides commands for copying and
cutting selected text, graphics or results. This option is
available for input data, the result list and the figure.
Copy: Selected information may be copied into the
clipboard and may then be pasted into other applications.
Cut: In addition to copying selected information, this
deletes that information from the screen.
Tools
This menu allows you to set some general parameters
for the program.
Working Units: Use this menu to choose the units to
US, Metric or SI.
RC Design Options: Use this menu to set some general parameters for the overall design that includes:
the design code, the design method and the rebar set.
You can also define the bar selection rules in the design options. For more details see section RC Design
Options.
Repor t
The menu commands under Report let you prepare,
format, preview and print the results.
Help
This menu has all the commands related to help for
the program.
Help Topics: Use this command to get a list of Help
Topics.
Contacting ACECOMS: Use this command to contact
ACECOMS for technical reference and learn about
ACECOMS activities.
About the Program: This menu command opens up a
dialogue box that contains information about the End
User License Agreement with a User ID Number for
Pile Cap Designer program and the Copyright information.
How to Use the Module 2-6
The Interactive Data Input and Design mode is a wizardlike form with data input for one pile cap with many loadings. Design is done one by one for each loading, for all
sections specified.
The Interactive Data Input and Design mode is a simple
way of designing pile caps and it requires the least amount
of data. Most of the data values are given by the program
as default. The wizard like setup guides you through the
entire process of analysis and design ensuring that no step
is missed. Moreover, graphical illustrations on design section location, and 2D and 3D views of the pile cap system
itself helps you check the accuracy of the input data.
In most of the modules of GEAR, you can save the input
data in a file, which can be opened later for modification
or re-run.
Quick Tutorial
How to Design a Pile Cap
Quickly
Pile Cap Design has a wizard kind of setup with 5 steps to
be completed. This wizard guides you to design the pile
cap.
whole set of piers. After completion, click the OK button to go back to the Step 2 window. Regenerate
Piers option should be checked if you edit piers at first
time or you modified pier type. If you just come back
from Step 3 and do not want to change properties on
Step 2 please do not forget to uncheck Regenerate
Piers option before going to another step.
Note: You can edit individual pier in Step 3.
and/or Y coordinates of section in the table. The default sections are at distance d and at the face of pier.
2. Press on the Next button to finish inputting data and
go to next screen.
7. Use the Save Result option from the tool bar to Save
the results in a file. These results are saved in a simple
text format.
8. If you want to design another pile cap, press on the
Enter Data for Another Pile Cap button and then
choose the axis.
9. Once the computation is complete, quit the program
by clicking on the button or choose Exit from the File
menu.
Step1
Enter the following data:
Basic Data: Pile Title, Concrete Strength, Steel
fy, Steel fys, cover to bars and the option to include the self-weight of the pile cap.
Pier: Default Data: Pier Cross-section Shape,
Size and Dimensions, number of Piers and their
arrangement. Various pier arrangements are
shown as icons. Click on either one to select it.
Pile Group: Default Data: Pile Cross-section
Shape, Size and Dimensions, number of Piles and
their arrangement, their spacing, and the minimum
pile to pile cap edge distances. Various pile arrangements are shown as icons. Click on either
one to select it.
Step 2
Here you define the loads on the piers. Several load combinations may be defined for each pier.
Pier Number: Select the pier number for which
you want to define the loading. Use
navigate through the various piers.
to
Step 3
Individual Pile Data: The location and dimension of the piles can be altered here. Click the Refresh View button to view the updated arrangements.
Pile Cap Thickness: The default value is the one
provided in Step 1. You can change the pile cap
thickness or click the Compute button for the program to calculate it. The calculated thickness is
based on Punching Shear.
Step 4
Sections Along X and Y: Specify the section location for which you want to program to carry out
the design. The default sections represent the section at face of column for flexural design and at
d/2 for shear design. Additional section locations
may be specified by the user. Click the Refresh
View button to view the updated the section locations on the view.
Step 5
This step reports that the required data for the Pile Cap has
been completed. Choose the next action to be performed
by the program. You can view the 3D view of the pile cap,
go to the previous step to alter data, or analyze and design
the pile cap.
Step 6
Clicking the Analyze and Design the Pile Cap or the Next
button on Step 5 will show the analysis results for the pile
cap. The results include the moment, shear, and torsional
values for all load combinations at all specified sections
along the x and y directions. The pile reactions for all load
combinations, including the minimum and maximum reaction values are also reported for all piles.
Step 7
Clicking the Next button on Step 6 starts the design process. The design results are reported on this step. Results,
including top and bottom reinforcements, and the stirrupps, are reported for all sections in the x and y directions. Use
to navigate between the design sections.
Click the Refresh View button the update the graphical
display. Click the View Detailing Plan button to view the
reinforcement plan of the pile cap.
Graphics Display
This module of GEAR displays the interactive 2D and 3D
views, along with the 2D sketch in plan of the defined
slabs. These views can be activated by clicking
or
2D View
Activate the form using the
button on the toolbar
while on the Sketch tab. The 2D view is interactive and
responds to most mouse movements. The screen of the
view will display the currently selected slab with the rebar
layout. The continuity of the slab is shown by and extra
line on the continuous edge. The following toolbar in
available on the form:
Resets the current slab 2D view.
Sets the view angle on the 2D display. View
angle can be changed by clicking on the display
and moving the mouse pointer.
Pans the currents display.
Changes the zoom of the display. Use the left
mouse button on zoom in and the right mouse
button to zoom out.
Adds the current display to the current report.
Copies the current display to the system clipGraphics Display 2-18
board.
3D View
The 3D View form can be activated using the
button
on the toolbar while on the Sketch tab. The 3D view
shows the currently selected slab (selected on the Input
tab) along with the perimeter beams and slab continuity.
The following toolbar in available on the form:
Resets the current slab 3 view.
Sets the view angle on the 3 display. View angle
can be changed by clicking on the display and
moving the mouse pointer.
Pans the currents display.
Changes the zoom of the display. Use the left
mouse button on zoom in and the right mouse
button to zoom out.
Sets the 3D view options.
Adds the current display to the current report.
Copies the current display to the system clipboard.
Preparing Reports
Use the Report menu to create a comprehensive, formatted
report of selected data and results. The Report menu lets
you specify the project information, contents of the report,
target printer, paper size, margins, character formats and
header and footers, preview the report and also save the
report.
The Project Information dialogue box helps you to specify
the basic information about the project including name of
the engineer involved in the design, Project Name, Title,
Organization, etc. The information given here is applicable for all items in a particular module; however, the user
can check the contents of the items before clicking on the
Add to Report button. You may use the Remove button to
delete the most recently added item. The Remove button
become inactive until you add the next item to the report.
Use the Report Items Content to select the items and the
content of each to be included in the report. You can select
the contents of the items by checking them. For example,
you can include only the Calculation Procedure and the
Final Results for one item and some other contents such as
Detailed Calculation and the Final Results for another
Item. However, you have the option of removing some of
the contents or items from the report by using the Report
format dialog box or while previewing the report.
The Report Format dialogue box helps you to produce a
fully customizable and formatted report using style definitions, font selection, margins, footer/header, page layout,
etc. You can also view the items and contents that have
been added to the report and remove any unwanted items.
Apart from the above-mentioned options, the Report menu
also has options for Printing, Previewing and Saving funcPreparing Reports 2-20
Chapter 3
Driven Pile Designer
Chapter
Initial Setup
Setting Up Work Environment
ACECOMS GEAR initializes your work environment using appropriate values for different parameters. Once you
exit the program, values of important parameters such as
default work units, rebar set, and design code are saved
automatically and are used to initialize these parameters
the next time you start the program.
3-1
File
The menu commands under File let you save and print
the results.
Start New Problem: Choose this command to start a
new problem.
Print Current Results: This menu command allows
you to print the currently displayed results to the default printer.
Change Authorization: This menu command allows
you to modify the User Authorization level.
Exit: Choose this command to quit the program.
Edit
The Edit menu provides commands for copying and
cutting selected text, graphics or results. This option is
available for input data, the result list and the figure.
Copy: Selected information may be copied into the
clipboard and may then be pasted into other applications.
Tools
This menu allows you to set some general parameters
for the program.
Working Units: Use this menu to select the units.
There are three units available: SI, Metric and US.
Generate Capacity Table: Activates the Capacity Table form. For more information see section Capacity
Tables.
Repor t
The menu commands under Report let you prepare,
format, preview and print the results.
Project Information: Select this command to provide
basic project information such as Project Name, Client, Job Title, Engineer and Organization.
Report Item Content: Choose this command to select
the content of the report from various options listed.
Report Format: Report layout, text styles and contents of the report can be specified using this command.
Print: This menu command prints the results that have
been added to the report.
Preview: Use this menu command to preview the
formatted report before printing.
Help
This menu has all the commands related to help for
the program.
Help Topics: Use this command to get a list of Help
Topics.
Contacting ACECOMS: Use this command to contact
ACECOMS for technical reference and learn about
ACECOMS activities.
About the Program: This menu command opens up a
dialogue box that contains information about the End
User License Agreement with a User ID Number for
Driven Pile Designer program and the Copyright information.
Apart from the menu system, a Toolbar is available within
the program main window for easy operations to avoid
opening menus and choosing commands. The toolbar buttons are described below:
Starts a new problem.
Opens a previously saved file.
Saves the current file to a specified location.
Prints the currently displayed Result List to the
default printer.
Activates the Capacity Table
Now, you can enter the data for weight, efficiency, drop, length, section area, and the material
in the text boxes available with the figure.
Capacity Table
As the name implies, The Driven Pile-Capacity
form generates tables for driven pile capacity. A
variable input is required. The input includes the
mum, minimum and step value for penetration
Capacity Table 3-6
Table
set of
maxidepth,
weight of hammer, and drop height. The depth of penetration step for which the blow count is required is also provided. The table reports the capacity ratios for various
hammer drop height, pile penetration, and the blows required to attain that penetration for each hammer weight
step.
Preparing Reports
Use the Report menu to create a comprehensive, formatted
report of selected data and results. The Report menu lets
you specify the project information, contents of the report,
target printer, paper size, margins, character formats and
header and footers, preview the report and also save the
report.
The Project Information dialogue box helps you to specify
the basic information about the project including name of
the engineer involved in the design, Project Name, Title,
Organization, etc. The information given here is applicable for all items in a particular module; however, the user
can check the contents of the items before clicking on the
Add to Report button. You may use the Remove button to
delete the most recently added item. The Remove button
become inactive until you add the next item to the report.
Use the Report Items Content to select the items and the
content of each to be included in the report. You can select
the contents of the items by checking them. For example,
you can include only the Calculation Procedure and the
Final Results for one item and some other contents such as
Detailed Calculation and the Final Results for another
Item. However, you have the option of removing some of
the contents or items from the report by using the Report
format dialog box or while previewing the report.
Preparing Reports 3 -7
played page.
Reduce the magnification of the currently displayed page.
Close the preview window and return to the
main window.