Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Art Cohen v. Donald Trump
Art Cohen v. Donald Trump
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[CLASS ACTION]
DEFENDANTS MEMORANDUM
OF POINTS AND AUTHORITIES
IN SUPPORT OF MOTION TO
AMEND PROTECTIVE ORDER
Hearing: June 30, 2016
Time: 1:30 p.m.
Courtroom: 2d
Judge: Hon. Gonzalo P. Curiel
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I.
INTRODUCTION
Plaintiff and various news organizations are seeking to inject into the public
domain videos of depositions taken during discovery in these two actions. These
the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, are filled with discovery that is irrelevant,
transcripts, many of which are already in the public domain through legal filings.
Depending on the availability of witnesses and the nature and substance of the
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Federal Rules of Evidence. If made public, these deposition videos will be widely
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disseminated in the media. Owing to the danger that a video may create in eliciting
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bias on the part of its viewer, the Court has a duty to prevent their disclosure
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because they can taint the jury pool.1 Undoubtedly, these videos also will be used
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II.
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LEGAL STANDARD
Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(c), the Court may issue a
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upon showing of good cause. Foltz v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 331 F.3d
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1122, 1130 (9th Cir. 2003). Good cause is established when it is specifically
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demonstrated that disclosure will cause a clearly defined and serious injury.
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Glenmede Trust Co. v. Thompson, 56 F.3d 476, 483 (3d Cir. 1995). The Court has
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Defendants respectfully request that the Court defer ruling on Plaintiffs ex parte
or the Intervenors motion regarding confidential designations, Dkts. 230, 233, 236,
pending the resolution of this motion.
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III.
depositions taken in this case. Written transcripts contain the complete deposition
testimony of each deponent. In contrast, allowing public access to the video
depositions creates a significant risk of irrevocably tainting the jury pool. As the
Court is aware, this litigation is being covered by the national media, and heavily
scrutinized as to issues related to Mr. Trump. Countless news stories have been
released, often quoting from the deposition transcripts gratuitously included in and
filed with Plaintiffs briefs for purposes wholly unrelated to this litigation. As
many courts have recognized, [v]ideotapes are subject to a higher degree of
potential abuse than transcripts. They can be cut and spliced and used as soundbites on the evening news or sports shows. Felling v. Knight, 2001 WL 1782360,
at *3 (S.D. Ind. Dec. 21, 2001). And unlike in other cases where it was unclear that
out of context snippets would be broadcast because the media frenzy around
the case had died down, see Condit v. Dunne, 225 F.R.D. 113, 118 (S.D.N.Y.
2004), the media frenzy surrounding this case is certain to continue through the
election.
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A.
Good Cause Exists Because the Videos May Taint the Jury Pool.
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prejudicing the proceedings and tainting the jury pool. See, e.g., United States v.
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Dimora, 862 F. Supp. 2d 697, 711 (N.D. Ohio 2012) (That these exhibits are
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videos increases the probability that they will be widely disseminated and thus taint
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the jury pool.). To avoid such prejudice, courts issue protective orders preventing
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these videos from being publicly filed or otherwise disseminated. See Stern v.
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Cosby, 529 F. Supp. 2d 417, 422 (S.D.N.Y. 2007) (protective order issued
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prohibiting distribution of video because release would add to media frenzy over
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(W.D. Pa. June 16, 2015), the court granted a defendants request for a protective
order preventing public disclosure of video depositions where the defendant argued
that altered images from the video depositions could be used . . . for
sensationalism or to taint the jury pool. Recognizing that the defendant had
and serious injury, the court found that the defendant had satisfied the good cause
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standard and granted a protective order covering the video depositions. Id.; accord
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Dimora, 862 F. Supp. 2d at 707 (The Court is thus loathe to release any exhibits at
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this time that might make it more difficult to ensure that Dimoras due process right
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of Mr. Trumps unique circumstances in running for President of the United States.
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testimony given by a sitting President. See, e.g., United States v. McDougal, 103
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F.3d 651, 659 (8th Cir. 1996) (affirming district courts denial of access to video
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deposition testimony after President Clinton filed a motion for protective order to
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Poindexter, 732 F. Supp. 170 (D.D.C. 1990) (refusing to allow the press physical
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defendants criminal trial, citing proximity of trial and defendants right to a fair
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trial). These same cautions and concerns apply with full force here to a presidential
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candidate whose every move is being covered by the media. Mr. Trump may be a
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sitting President by the time the Low case goes to trial, in which case these
B.
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Good Cause Exists Because Release of the Videos Will Only Serve
to Harass Defendants.
deposition testimony relied on in this litigation are already public, and public
dissemination of the videos would only serve to harass the deponents, including Mr.
Trump. Rule 26(c) governs protective orders and provides that [t]he court may,
for good cause, issue an order to protect a party or person from annoyance,
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Federal courts find that good cause exists for such a protective order when it will
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219 F.R.D. 59, 62 (W.D.N.Y. 2003) (finding that plaintiffs demonstrated good
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disclosed); Elvis Presley Enters., Inc. v. Elvisly Yours, Inc., 936 F.2d 889, 892 (6th
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taking deposition of witness, where, inter alia, witness provided evidence that
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C.
Good cause exists because making public video depositions that may not
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even be used at this trial is not only oppressive and burdensome to the deponents,
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but also compromises the judicial process itself. Because of the rules permitting
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26(b)(1); Pucket v. Hot Springs Sch. Dist. No. 23-2, 239 F.R.D. 572, 579 (D.S.D.
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therefore answer all deposition questions that are posed to themwith very few
exceptions. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 30(c)(2); Van Stelton v. Van Stelton, 2013 WL
5574566, at *15 (N.D. Iowa Oct. 9, 2013) ([A] deponent must answer all
deposition questions, even if his or her attorney objects, unless the attorney
deposition.); Detoy v. City & Cty. of S.F., 196 F.R.D. 362, 365 (N.D. Cal. 2000)
(As a rule, instructions not to answer questions at a deposition are improper.); see
also Stewart v. Colonial W. Agency, Inc., 87 Cal. App. 4th 1006, 1014 (2001)
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should be held in abeyance until an attempt is made to use the testimony at trial.).
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(admitting deposition at trial provided that any portions that are inapplicable and
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Square Corp. v. First Wis. Natl Bank of Milwaukee, 475 F. Supp. 451, 462 (E.D.
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Wis. 1979) (finding deposition sections properly excluded from trial that contained
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available outside the courtroom. Paisley Park Enters., Inc. v. Uptown Prods., 54 F.
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Supp. 2d 347, 349 (S.D.N.Y. 1999) (Rule 30(b)(2) . . . was not intended to be a
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vehicle for generating content for broadcast and other media.). In Paisley Park,
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the court ordered that the videotape of a deposition of musical artist Prince be used
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solely for that litigation, and required that no one was permitted to view, audit, or
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copy the tapes. Id. at 34950. In reaching this decision, the court acknowledged
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that the judicial system is for resolution of what usually are private disputes, even
for a public figure, even though members of the public have an interest in every
imaginable detail of their lives. Id. at 349. But, as the court explained, the public
judicial system without having to pay too high a price of admission in the form of
be vigilant to ensure that their processes are not used improperly for purposes
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deterring others from appearing for videotaped depositions. See Apple Ipod Itunes
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Antitrust Litig., 75 F. Supp. 3d 1271, 1276 (N.D. Cal. 2014) (denying media
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submit voluntarily to video depositions in the future, knowing they might one day
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be publicly broadcast); see also In re Application of Am. Broad. Cos., 537 F. Supp.
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1168, 1171 n.10 (D.D.C. 1982) (noting that if depositions recorded for use at trial
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could be copied and broadcast, it is likely that future witnesses might reasonably
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resist videotape recordation, and that [s]uch a result would be counter to the Rule
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technology).
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IV.
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CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, Defendants respectfully request that the protective
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order be modified for good cause to (1) prohibit the filing of any videotaped
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deposition, unless under seal; and (2) to bar the dissemination of any videotaped
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deposition.
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Respectfully submitted,
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By:
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