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GHG Emission India - Cement Tool Final
GHG Emission India - Cement Tool Final
Version
1.0. April 2005. Developed by The Energy and Resources Institute
(TERI) and the World Resources Institute (WRI) and copyrighted.
Available at www.ghgprotocol.org.
User Agreement
By using the Spreadsheets and associated materials in any manner, the
User agrees to the following terms of this agreement:
Copyright: The Spreadsheets and associated guidance were developed
by TERI and WRI, and are copyrighted. The User acknowledges these
copyrights.
Acknowledgement: The User agrees to acknowledge TERI and WRI
for their role in developing the Spreadsheets whenever the User authors
reports or publications based in whole or in part on the use of the
Spreadsheets.
Disclaimer: The use of these tools is not a guarantee of an accurate or
complete greenhouse gas emissions inventory. To develop a high quality
inventory, it is essential to plan an inventory quality system that includes
suitable internal and external reviews, and accuracy checks for activity
data, emissions factors, and emissions calculations.
This customized India specific cement sector tool has been developed by The Energy a
multi stakeholder consultative process involving interaction with different experts in the
GHG Inventory Protocol and tools developed by the World Resources Insitute (WRI), a
for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), a Geneva based coalition of international com
initiative. United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has supported this f
This tool presents a simple approach for inventorising the CO 2 emissions from a cemen
level. The tool intends to facilitate the calculation CO 2 and SO2 emissions from cement
Before using this tool, the users are encouraged to refer to the revised edition of The G
Reporting Standard (available at www.wri.org),which gives in detail the GHG accounting
related aspects .Although the tool has been designed in a simplistic way that enables th
also refer to the accompanying Guidance document for using this customised tool, whic
and instructions for filling the different worksheets in his tool.
These spreadsheets include significant amounts of material copied from other WRI and WBCS
are based upon:
A: Calculating CO2 emissions from production of cement - clinker based methodology based u
B: Climate Leaders Greenhouse gas Inventory Protocol- cement sector guidelines
C: Calculating CO2 emissions from the production of cement : clinker based methodology base
D: IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories
This tool was field tested in one of the Indian cement plants and also reviewed by a gro
reviewers and others who have spent time, answering questions and sharing their view
submit their comments to any one of the following at the address given below. The com
next version of the tool.
The Energy and Resources Institute(TERI)
India Habitat Centre
Lodhi Road, New Delhi - 110003
Tel: 0091-11-24682100, 24682111,
Fax no. 0091-11-24682144, 24682145
Attention: Mr Girish Sethi , Email: [email protected]
n developed by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi through a
n with different experts in the field. The tool is based upon the existing corporate
Resources Insitute (WRI), a Washington based NGO and World Buisness Council
coalition of international companies under their "The Greenhouse Gas Protocol"
USEPA) has supported this first version of the customized cement tool for India.
CO 2 emissions from a cement facility, which can then be extended to corporate
SO2 emissions from cement plants.
the revised edition of The Greenhouse Gas Protocol - A Corporate Accounting and
in detail the GHG accounting principles, guidelines for setting boundries and other
simplistic way that enables the users to directly fill in the information, the users can
ng this customised tool, which gives the purpose and scope of the customized tool
ol.
ied from other WRI and WBCSD calculation tools.The spreadsheets in this tool specifically
and also reviewed by a group of experts.TERI and WRI are grateful to the
tions and sharing their views on the tool. The users are encouraged to
dress given below. The comments will be suitably taken into account in the
The various spreadsheets given in this tool would facilitate calculation of GHG emissions from a cement manuf
detail The Greenhouse Gas Protocol - The Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard published by WRI/W
and other details like setting operational boundries etc.The tool has following worksheets:
Name of worksheet
Content/Purpose
Introduction
Table of contents
Flowsheet
This sheet provides basic information on the plant and other bas
This sheet calculates the CO2 emissions from the fuel burnt in th
6. Direct mobile:
7. Indirect electricity:
9. SO2 emissions
This sheet calculates the SO2 emission from the cement proces
The sheet contains default emission factors for India (for proces
information on plant specific emission factors.
15. Macros
missions from a cement manufacturting plant. These worksheets should be used after studying in
Standard published by WRI/WBCSD that gives in detail the GHG accounting and reporting principles
rksheets:
ee that guides the cement/clinker manufacturing plants in using the various worksheets that follow in
ation on the plant and other basic data related to production that is used for estimating the CO 2 emissions.
ing plant specific emission factors (for CO2 emission due to calcination of limestone) that will be used
sions.
emission factors for various fuels used in the plant (e.g coal, lignite, waste fuels, ).
missions from the fuel burnt in the kiln/precalcinator as well as in other stationary combustion
mission from the cement process (raw materials) and fuel combustion.
ion factors for India (for process, combustion, electricity etc.) that can be used in absence of
ssion factors.
onversion factors.
ncluded in workbook.
Worksheet:
Plant address
Telephone nos
Email address
Contact person at plant and designation
Company name
Country
Ownership (State/Private)
Step 1b: Describe the operational boundries of the facility
Step 2: Operations that are included in the facility boundry for inventorisation (Mention Yes/No)
Area
Quarry/Mining
Company owned mining equipment
Limestone Crushing
Raw material prepartion (Raw mills, blending, storage of raw materials and
fuels)
Pyro-processing (kiln)
Cement grinding
Packing
Cement despatch with company owned vehicles
On-site (including colony)transporation with company owned vehicles
(cars/buses/jeeps/trucks etc)
On-site power generation
[tonnes]
[tonnes]
[tonnes]
[tonnes]
[tonnes]
[tonnes]
[tonnes]
[tonnes]
(Mention Yes/No)
Yes/No
Annual
Annual
Quarterly
Monthly
Molecular weights
CaCO3
MgCO3
g/mol
g/mol
g/mol
g/mol
g/mol
CaO
MgO
CO2
[tonnes]
[%]
[%]
[tonnes]
[tonnes]
[tonnes]
[%]
[%]
[tonnes]
[tonnes]
[tonnes]
[%]
[%]
[tonnes]
[tonnes]
Step 2: Input of CaO and MgO into kiln via raw materials,if any
Step 2a: Raw material # 1
Raw material consumed (Kiln feed)
CaO content
MgO content
[tonnes]
[%]
[%]
CaO amount
MgO amount
[tonnes]
[tonnes]
[tonnes]
[%]
[%]
[tonnes]
[tonnes]
[tonnes]
[%]
[%]
[tonnes]
[tonnes]
[t CO2]
[t CO2]
[t CO2]
[tonnes]
%
[t CO2/t CKD]
{kg CO2/t CKD}
Notes:
1. Under the section, "Dust Emissions", use a default value of 90% for degree of calcination of kiln dust leavin
preheater, in case actual value is not known.
2 Under the section "Dust Emissions", the CKD lost (tonnes) is calculated based upon the average actual dus
emission from your plant (or dust emission norms specified by the Pollution Control Board for your plant). The
loss can be arrived at using the undermentioned procedure:
Step 3a: Actual dust emission (average) or Dust emission norms specified for
your plant (in mg/Nm3)
Step 3b: Average clinker production factor for your plant (Nm3/kg clinker)
(In case this figure is not available, use a default value of 1.5 Nm3 of flue gases/kg of clinker)
Step 3c: Calculate dust emissions per kg clinker produced (mg dust
released/kg clinker)
Step 3d: Calculate dust emissions (tonnes of dust )
Calcination
100.1
84.3
56.1
40.3
44.0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
90.00
0.00
0
[Nm3/Kg clinker]
of flue gases/kg of clinker)
150
1.50
225
[t CKD]
Step 1
Step 2
A
B
Average Net Calorific AverageCarbon Content
Value
GJ / tonnes
(w/w)
This should be entered as
a fraction, i.e. 0 > x > 1
Example>>Coal
Fuel Type
Coal
Lignite
Bamboo dust
Any other solid fuel
22.50
0.55
Step 3
C
Emission Factor
C = B * 3'664 * 1000 / A
kg CO2 / GJ
89.56
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Scope 1: Direct CO2 emissions from clinker manufacturing process (only due to r
Colour code:
User entry: Input data related to production activity
User entry: Input data related to fuel use/emission factor/standard values or data from other work sheet
User entry: Physical units
Auto calculated value:
Which method do you plan to use?
Clinker based methodology:
Cement based methodology:
Yes
No
WORKSHEET: To Determine Direct Gross Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Cement Productio
Clinker-Based Methodology
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
A
B
C
Clinker Production
(tonnes)
Carbon Dioxide
Emission Factor for
clinker
(kg CO2/tonne
clinker produced)
CKD lost
(tonnes)
Explanations:
Column A: This value is taken from the sheet "Custom Process Emission Factor" and is given in un
Column B: The carbon dioxide emission factor for clinker (in kg /tonne clinker produced) as calculat
emission factor" is used here.Use the default values of kg CO 2 /tonne of clinker as given in the table
(based upon the location of the plant) only in case the plant specific figures are not available.
Column C: The CKD lost (tonnes) as calcualted in the worksheet "Custom process emission factor"
Column D: The Carbon Dioxide emission factor for CKD (in kg CO 2/tonne of CKD emitted) as calcu
emission factor" is used here. Use a default values as given in the worksheet " Defaults emission fa
available.
WORKSHEET: To Determine Direct Gross Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Cement Productio
Cement-Based Methodology
Step 3
Step 1
Step 2
A
B
C
Cement Production
(tonnes)
Example>
OPC
PPC
PSC
Others
990000
-
AXB
940500
0
Step 4
D
Step 5
E
Step 6
F
Step 7
G
Total
clinker
used for
cement
production
(tonnes)
Imported clinker
(tonnes)
Exported clinker
(tonnes)
Total clinker
produced in the
facility
940500
0
D-E+F
940500
-
Step 5
E
Carbon Dioxide
Emissions Factor for
CKD
(kg CO2/tonnes CKD
lost)
Carbon Dioxide
Emissions
(tonnes)
(A*B)/1000+(C*D)/1000)
nker (in kg /tonne clinker produced) as calculated in the worksheet "custom process
of kg CO 2 /tonne of clinker as given in the table of the "Default Emission Factor" sheet
e plant specific figures are not available.
KD (in kg CO 2/tonne of CKD emitted) as calculated in the worksheet " custom process
s given in the worksheet " Defaults emission factor" in case customized EF are not
Default Values (to be used if plant specific values are not available)
Clinker to Cement Ratio (%) - 100% portland output
Clinker to cement ratio (%) - Portland Pozzolna Cement
Clinker to Cement Ratio (%) - Portland Slag cement
Tonne of Raw Material per Tonne of Clinker
CaCO3 Equivalent to Raw Material Ratio (%)
Step 8
H
Step 9
I
Step 10
J
Step 11
K
Carbon Dioxide
CO2 to CaCO3
Emissions Factor
Tonne of Raw Material CaCO3 Equivalent Raw
per Tonne of Clinker
Material Ratio (%)
Stoichiometric Ratio (tonne CO2/tonne
clinker produced)
1.5
78.00
Constant
0.44
0.44
HxIxJ
0.51
0
95%
75%
55%
1.50
78%
Step 12
L
Carbon
Dioxide
Emission
s
(tonnes
of CO2)
KxL
484169
-
Yes
No
Scope1: Direct CO2 emissions from fuel combustion from different stationary sou
Color code
User entry: Source / fuel description
User entry: Fuel use / emission factor
values
Default values
User entry: Physical units
Auto calculated value:
Example: Kiln
Source
description
Kiln #1
Coal
133000
Step 2
B
Step 3
C
Unit used to
Average net
measure
calorific value
quantity of
fuel use
tonnes
22.50
Kiln #2
tonnes
Precalcinator#1
litre
Precalcinator#2
litre
DG Set
litre
Canteen
litre
tonnes
tonnes
Notes:
1. The direct emissions associated with stationary combustion should be reported in Scope 1
as direct emissions from stationary sources.
2. All fossil fuels used in kiln, precalcinator, DG sets etc to be entered as separate entries in the above calc
3. Biomass based fuels, if used in the plant to be reported separately in the following table. The CO
biomass fuels to be reported separately
Step 1
A
Total
quantity of
fuel burned
Example: Kiln
Bamboo dust
Source
Fossil Fuel type
description
Kiln #1
Kiln #2
Precalcinator#1
Precalcinator#2
Any other source
45000
Step 2
B
Step 3
C
Unit used to
Average net
measure
calorific value
quantitiy of
fuel use
tonnes
tonnes
15.25
Step 4
D
Step 5
E
Step 6
F
Step 7
G
Step 8
H
Quantity of
Unit of
CO2 Combustion
Unit of CO2
Unit of net
fuel used
quantityof fuel
calorific value
Emission
Factor
emission
factor
in energy usedin energy
Step 9
I
Oxidized
carbon
fraction
A*C
kg CO2/GJ
GJ/tonne
2992500
GJ
GJ/tonne
GJ
kg CO2/GJ
GJ/tonne
GJ
kg CO2/GJ
GJ/litre
GJ
kg CO2/GJ
GJ/litre
GJ
kg CO2/GJ
GJ/litre
GJ
kg CO2/GJ
GJ/litre
GJ
kg CO2/GJ
GJ/tonnes
GJ
kg CO2/GJ
GJ/tonnes
GJ
kg CO2/GJ
be reported in Scope 1
89.56
Step 11
1.00
Step 4
D
Step 5
E
Step 6
F
Step 7
G
Step 8
H
Quantity of
Unit of
CO2 Combustion
Unit of CO2
Unit of net
fuel used
quantityof fuel
calorific value
Emission
Factor
emission
factor
in energy usedin energy
GL/tonnes
GL/tonnes
A*C
686250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
GJ
96.10
kg CO2/GJ
Step 9
I
Oxidized
carbon
fraction
1.00
kg CO2/GJ
GJ
Step 11
Step 10
J
CO2
CO2 emissions
emissions in
(tonnes)
(kg)
E*G*I
J / 1'000
268,021,600
268,022
ssions [tonnes] :
Step 10
J
CO2
CO2 emissions
emissions in
(tonnes)
(kg)
E*G*I
65,948,625
J / 1'000
65,949
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
issions [tonnes] :
Scope1: Direct CO2 emissions from fuel combustion from different mobile
sources.
Important notes for using this worksheet:
Companies can estimate direct mobile emissions by either of the following methods:
Method 1: This method is based on the actual fuel cosumption in vehicles.
Method 2: This method is based on distance run by the vehicle.
Color code
User entry: Source / fuel description
User entry: Fuel use / emission factor
values
Default values
User entry: Physical units
Auto calculated value:
Which method do you plan to use?
Actual fuel consumption based methodology
Distance based methodology
llowing methods:
ehicles.
Yes
No
consumption
Yes
No
Example>>
Stream description
Step 4
Step 1
A
Step 2
B
Electricity
Purchased (kWh)
80000000
806
Notes:
1. The emissions associated with the consumption of the purchased electricity
should be reported in scope 2 as indirect emissions.
2. Use the grid specific emission factor for the purchased power. Grid specific
emission factors to be taken from the worksheet " Default emission factor" depending upon the
location of the plant
Step 3
C
Indirect CO2
emissions (tonnes)
A * B / 1'000'000
64480
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ased electricity
. Grid specific
ion factor" depending upon the
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Clinker imported
(tonnes)
Default direct
Emissions Factor
for clinker
(kg CO2/tonnes
clinker produced)
Carbon Dioxide
Emissions
(tonnes)
A * B / 1000
806
Step 1: Direct SO2 emission from the process (measured value from kiln stack)
Step 1a
A
Cement
Production
(tonnes)
Example>
20000
0
Step 1b
B
Step 1c
C
0.30
C / 1000
6
0
Note:
Sulphur dioxide emission factor for cement process varies from plant to plant as the sulphur content o
data is available, complete Step 1; otherwise, leave it blank.
Step 2: Direct SO2 emissions from stationary fuel combustion (from non-kiln sources)
Step 2a
A
Quantity of fuel
burned (tonnes)
Example: Kiln
Coal
Source
Solid Fossil Fuel type
description
Kiln #1
Kiln #2
Precalcinator#1
Precalcinator#2
Any other source
100000
Step 2b
C
Sulphur
content
(wt
%)
0.55
Litre
DG Set
Any other source
DG Set
Step 2e
Step 3: Direct SO2 emissions from fuel combustion from different mobile sources
Step 3a
Example: Truck
Source
description
Trucks
Cars
Dumpers
Loaders
Buses
Shipping
Other sources
Fuel Type
Quantity of fuel
burned
Unit used to
measure
quantitiy of
fuel use
20000
Litre
Diesel (LSDO)
Fuel type
Step 3e
Step 4: Total direct SO2 emissions from from process, stationary, and mobile sources
Total direct emission (tonnes)
m kiln stack)
m non-kiln sources)
Step 2c
D
Step 2d
E
SO2 emission
Typical density factor
(g/cm3) at 15C
(kg SO2 /
tonne)
F
SO2
emissions
(tonnes)
11.00
B * E /1000
1,100
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
kg SO2/litre
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
mbustion (tonnes):
ttonnes
0
0
0
0
mobile sources
Step 3b
D
Sulphur
content
(wt
%)
1.80
Step 3c
E
SO2 emission
SO2 emissions
Typical density factor
(g/cm3) at 15C
(kg
(tonnes)
SO2 / litre)
0.86
Step 3d
0.03
B * F / 1000
0.6
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
Worksheet
m the facility.
Annual
12/30/1899
-
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Worksheet
Note: The facility level data in this sheet related to CO2 emission should be taken from the resp
Colour code
User entry: Source / fuel description
User entry: Fuel use / emission factor values
Auto calculated value:
Company name
Organisational boundaries choosen
Reporting period
Start report time
End report time
Step 1
Facility
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Control
Equity
Production of
(%)
Share (%)
cement
B
0 or 100%
Step 5a
Step 5b
Step 5c
Tonnes
Direct
process
related
emissions
(tonnes
CO2)
Direct
Direct
emissions emissions
from
from
stationary mobile
combustio sources
n (tonnes (tonnes
CO2)
CO2)
Step 9
Total for
company
Step 5d
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Scope 2:
Scope 3: Scope 1
Indirect CO2 Indirect CO2
for
control
emissions emissions
t CO2 emissions
H
Total
direct
emissions
(tonnes
CO2)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Scope1
for equity
L
Indirect
Indirect
emission
emission
Absolute Absolute
from
from
CO2
CO2
purchased
imported
per
stage
per
stage
electricity
clinker
(tonnes CO2) (tonnes CO2)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reference worksheet 1:
Rajasthan
MP/Chattisgarh
Gujarat
Maharashtra
Andhra Pradesh
Karnataka
Tamil Nadu
Kerala
Bihar
HP/Haryana
Jammu & Kashmir
Uttar Pradesh
Orissa/Assam
All India Average
530.72
524.29
531.70
531.18
533.02
534.58
536.35
534.70
514.63
530.75
531.10
514.63
516.79
528.03
(Use All India Average, in case the location of the plant is not in any of the above mentioned states)
Source: CMA
Table2: India specific CO2 emission coefficients for coal and lignite
Net Calorfic Value (GJ/
Tonne)
Non-coking coal
Lignite
Carbon emission
factor (kg C/ GJ)
19.83
9.89
26.13
28.95
Source: NATCOM
Emission factors are from IPCC, 1999, Volume 2, Section 1. Heating values are from A
arithmatically except as commented.
Fuel type
Gasoline / petrol
Kerosene
Jet Fuel
69.25
71.45
70.72 (EIA)
Aviation gasoline
Diesel
Distillate fuel oil No.1
Distillate fuel oil No.2
Residual Fuel oil#4
Residual Fuel oil#5
Residual Fuel oil#6
LPG
Lubricants
Anthracite
69.11 (EIA)
74.01
74.01
74.01
74.01
77.30
77.30
63.20
73.28
98.30
Bituminous coal
Butane
Propane
Sub-bituminous coal
Wood, wood waste
94.53
Natural gas
62.99 (EIA)
96.00
100.44 (EIA)
56.06
Source: Emission factors are from IPCC, 1999, Volume 2, Section 1. Heating values are from API, 2001. Value
States covered
Nothern Grid
Carbon content
(%w)
Fuel wood
15.216
43.8
Mustard straw
16.53
42.1
Rice straw
13.027
38.1
Bamboo dust
15.25
26.8
MSW
5.86
27.2
Note: Assuming 100% carbon and sulphur in the fuel convert into CO 2 and SO
Table6: State wise sulphur content and SO2 emission factor of coal and lignite in India.
S content
(wt %)
Coal
Northeast states
3.95
All other states and UTs
0.53
Lignite
Gujarat
0.5
Tamil Nadu
3
Source: Reddy, M. Shekar and Venkataraman, C. (2002). Inventory of aerosol and sulphur dioxide emission fr
Fossil fuel combustion, Atmospheric Environment (36), 677-697.
Table7: Sulphur content and SO2 emission factor of petroleum fuels and natural gas in india.
Fuel
S content
(wt %)
0.10
Gasoline (IS: 2796-2000)
0.25
Kerosene (IS: 1459-1974)
0.25
High speed diesel (HSD) (IS: 1460-2000)
1.80
Light diesel oil (LDO) (IS: 1460-2000)
3.50
Furnace oil (LV) (IS: 1593-1982)
4.00
Furnace oil (MV1) (IS: 1593-1982)
4.00
Furnace oil (MV2) (IS: 1593-1982)
4.50
Furnace oil (HV1) (IS: 1593-1982)
0.02
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) (IS: 4576-1978
Source: Respective BIS standards and Technical memento -Thermax Private Limited.
al and lignite
CO2 emission factor
(kg CO2/ GJ)
95.81
106.15
9, Volume 2, Section 1. Heating values are from API, 2001. Values in other columns is derived
(Derived)
(Derived)
Typical
density
(Derived)
Kg CO2/litre
GJ/tonne
gram/cm3
(API, 2001)
0.0344
0.0357
2.3822
2.5508
43.5674
44.0768
44.5900
0.79
0.81
0.0343
0.0371
0.0371
0.0371
0.0379
0.0397
0.0405
0.0249
0.0382
0.0286GJ/kg
0.03023GJ/kg
0.0258
0.0240
2.7458
2.7458
2.7458
2.8050
3.0688
3.1307
1.5737
2.7993
2.8114 kgCO2/kg
44.1667
43.9211
43.9211
2.8576 kg CO2/kg
30.2300
39.9535
40.7586
45.9779
0.90
0.84
0.84
0.00
0.99
0.99
0.54
28.6000
0.0000
47.3373
23.53 *
0.58
0.51
Section 1. Heating values are from API, 2001. Values in other columns is derived arithmatically except as commented.
Emission factor
(gram of CO2/KWh)
800
930
750
1190
360
105.547
93.38
107.24
98.28
170.15
vert into CO 2 and SO2 respectively.
SO2
Emission
factor (Kg
SO2/tonne)
0.02
0.01
0.05
NA
NA
0.4
0.2
1
NA
NA
10
60
Inventory of aerosol and sulphur dioxide emission from India:
2.0
5.0
5.0
36.0
70.0
80.0
80.0
90.0
0.40
o -Thermax Private Limited.
as commented.
Reference worksheet 2:
For default values for energy content (HHV) and carbon content of various fuels
Fuel type
Carbon, % by weight
Gasoline / petrol
Kerosene
Distillate fuel oil No.1
Distillate fuel oil No.2
0.036
0.038
0.039
0.039
85.50
86.01
86.60
87.30
0.040
86.40
0.042
88.70
0.043
88.30
0.026
28.607 GJ/tonne
80.60
30.23 - 32.63 GJ/tonne
80.10
0.0271
83.60
0.0252
81.60
29.51 GJ/tonne
85.00
0.03911 GJ/cubic meter
69.4 wt% C (92.5 wt% CH4)
LHV = HHV x 0.95 for solid/liquid fuels and
To calculate LHV use
these equations:
LHV = HHV x 0.90 for gaseous fuels
Source: Values derived from, American Petroleum Institute (API), Compendium of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Estimation Methodologies for the Oil & Gas Industry (Pilot Test Version), 2001
Typical density
(gram/cubic
centimeter)
0.79
0.81
0.84
0.84
0.91
0.95
1.01
0.54
0.58 (liquid)
0.51 (liquid)
Reference worksheet 3:
Conversion Factors
Mass
1 pound (lb)
1 kilogram (kg)
1 short ton (ton)
1 metric ton
Volume
1 cubic foot (ft 3)
1 cubic foot (ft 3)
1 gallon (gal)
1 barrel (bbl)
1 litre (L)
1 cubic meter (m 3)
Energy
1 kilowatt hour (kWh)
1 megajoule (MJ)
1 gigajoule (GJ)
1 Btu (btu)
1 million Btu (million btu)
1 therm (therm)
1 kcal
Other
kilo
mega
giga
tera
1 psi
1 kgf / cm 3 (tech atm)
1 atmosphere (atm)
1 mile (statue)
1 metric ton CH4
1'000
1'000'000
1'000'000'000
1'000'000'000'000
0.06895 bar
0.9807 bar
1.01325 bar
1.609 kilometers
21 metric tons CO2 equivalent
238891.5 Kcal
Listed below are the macros included in this worksheet for reference purposes. Please do not modify this sheet.
Sub Hidedirectmeth1()
'
' Hidedirectmeth1 Macro
Macro recorded 4/11/2005
'
'
Range("A23:I39").Select
ActiveWindow.SmallScroll Down:=3
Selection.EntireRow.Hidden = True
ActiveSheet.Shapes("Group 28").Select
Selection.ShapeRange.ZOrder msoSendBackward
Range("E22").Select
End Sub
Sub UnhideMeth1process()
'
' UnhideMeth1process Macro
Macro recorded 4/11/2005
'
'
Rows("22:40").Select
End Sub
Sub Unhidemeth2process()
'
' Unhidemeth2process Macro
Macro recorded 4/11/2005
'
'
Rows("41:67").Select
Selection.EntireRow.Hidden = False
Range("E41").Select
ActiveSheet.Shapes("Group 23").Select
Selection.ShapeRange.ZOrder msoSendBackward
Range("E41").Select
End Sub
Sub Hidemeth1mobile()
'
' Hidemeth1mobile Macro
Macro recorded 4/11/2005
'
'
Rows("23:45").Select
Selection.EntireRow.Hidden = True
ActiveSheet.Shapes("Group 22").Select
Selection.ShapeRange.ZOrder msoSendBackward
Range("I22").Select
End Sub
Sub Unhidemeth1mobile()
'
' Unhidemeth1mobile Macro
' Macro recorded 4/11/2005 by System Administrator
'
'
Rows("22:46").Select
Selection.EntireRow.Hidden = False
Range("A24").Select
ActiveSheet.Shapes("Group 13").Select
Selection.ShapeRange.ZOrder msoSendBackward
Range("H22").Select
End Sub
Sub Hidemeth2mobile()
'
' Hidemeth2mobile Macro
' Macro recorded 4/11/2005 by System Administrator
'
'
Rows("48:73").Select
Selection.EntireRow.Hidden = True
ActiveSheet.Shapes("Group 19").Select
Selection.ShapeRange.ZOrder msoSendBackward
Range("G47").Select
End Sub
Sub Unhidemeth2mobile()
'
' Unhidemeth2mobile Macro
' Macro recorded 4/11/2005 by System Administrator
'
'
Rows("47:74").Select
Selection.EntireRow.Hidden = False
Range("G47").Select
ActiveSheet.Shapes("Group 16").Select
Selection.ShapeRange.ZOrder msoSendBackward
Range("G47").Select
End Sub