Claudio Anthony Diaz Torres v. United States, 564 F.2d 617, 1st Cir. (1977)

564 F.
2d 617
Claudio Anthony DIAZ TORRES, Petitioner, Appellant,

v.
UNITED STATES of America, Respondent, Appellee.
No. 76-1223.
United States Court of Appeals,

First Circuit.
Submitted May 23, 1977.
Decided Nov. 4, 1977.
1
Armando Cardona Acaba, Bayamon, P. R., on brief, for petitioner, appellant.
Julio Morales Sanchez, U. S. Atty., and Jose A. Quiles, Asst. U. S. Atty., San
Juan, P. R., on brief, for respondent, appellee.
Before COFFIN, Chief Judge, CAMPBELL, Circuit Judge, CAFFREY,*

District Judge.
CAFFREY, District Judge.
This is an appeal from the denial of appellant's 2255 petition which

challenged the constitutionality of the procedure employed at the time he was
sentenced for violation of 18 U.S.C. 2113 (1970) and 18 U.S.C. 371 (1970).
Appellant pleaded guilty to three counts of an indictment charging him

respectively with violations of 18 U.S.C. 371 (conspiracy to rob a bank), 18
U.S.C. 2113(a) (bank robbery), and 18 U.S.C. 2113(d) (use of a dangerous
weapon in the course of a bank robbery). The District Court imposed a sentence
of five years on Count 1 for violation of 18 U.S.C. 371, imposed no sentence
on Count 2, and sentenced defendant to twenty years on Count 3 for violation
of 18 U.S.C. 2113(d), the latter sentence to be served on and after the
sentence imposed on Count 1.
At the sentence hearing which took place on December 10, 1971, the
prosecutor advised the sentencing judge that defendant was the prime force
during the bank robbery, namely that "he carried the shotgun, directed the
operations, planned the crime, and, by his actions, not only succeeded in getting
away with a substantial amount of money, but, more importantly, he placed in
jeopardy the lives of three peaceful citizens of this community." The District
Court listed the following factors it relied on in deciding what sentence to
impose:
8
This
pre-sentence report shows that you were the leader of this whole movement of
robbing the Banco Credito Y Ahorro Ponceno. It shows that you elaborated the plan
and that after having elaborated the plan and after having formed the group you got
to the point of not allowing anyone from leaving that group by telling your
companions that if they left they would be killed by you.
9
Even
though this plan was preconceived by somebody else, this somebody else
apparently did not have the guts to carry it through but this plan got to your
knowledge and then you thought that you had the guts to do it so you planned it.
10 record shows the previous conviction; it shows that you left your wife and
The
without divorcing her you married somebody else committing bigamy and so that
you would not be charged with bigamy, you divorced your second wife. It shows a
way of life that is not the way of life of a straightforward citizen of this community.
11
The transcript indicated that prior to the imposition of sentence, the Court
extended the right of allocution to defendant, who made statements tending to
establish that subsequent to the offense he had changed his ideals, ambitions,
and way of thinking, and had, in effect, acquired religion. An argument on his
behalf was also made by his attorney. Significantly, after the prosecutor had
made his statement and the trial court had listed the factors relied on in
determining the extent of sentence, defense counsel made a further response
which in no way challenged anything said by the prosecutor or the trial judge
as to the extent of defendant's leadership and responsibility for the robbery.
Defendant made no further attempt to use his right of allocution.
12
The absence of a challenge to the factors relied on by a sentencing judge has

been treated as a matter of some significance by the Court of Appeals for the
District of Columbia in United States v. Pinkney, 177 U.S.App.D.C. 423, 543
F.2d 908 (1976), where the Court observed, "We are mindful that appellant's
personal statement to the court preceded Government counsel's statement, but
we perceive no impediment to disputation by appellant had he been inclined to
respond, particularly since there was a response by his counsel . . ." Id. 177
U.S.App.D.C. at 429, 543 F.2d at 914 n. 43.
13
Appellant waited until December 13, 1976 to file the instant petition to vacate
sentence pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 2255 (1970), i. e., five years and three days
after the imposition of sentence.
14
Appellant argues correctly that if his sentencing was based on material

misapprehension of fact by the sentencing judge, the sentencing is
unconstitutional. United States v. Tucker, 404 U.S. 443, 447-49, 92 S.Ct. 589,
30 L.Ed.2d 592 (1972). While this statement is true as a statement of law, a
more crucial question is whether petitioner, after remaining silent for over five
years, may now come forward and challenge the contents of the pre-sentence
report which both he and his counsel failed to do during the sentence hearing. A
negative answer to this question is strongly suggested by the opinion of the
Supreme Court in Williams v. New York, 337 U.S. 241, 69 S.Ct. 1079, 93
L.Ed. 1337 (1949), where, in response to a delayed challenge to the information
relied on by the sentencing judge, the Supreme Court ruled that it would not
accept a belated challenge to the bases used by the sentencing judge in
determining his sentence. The Court observed:
15 accuracy of the statements made by the judge . . . was not challenged by

The
appellant or his counsel, nor was the judge asked to disregard any of them or to
afford appellant a chance to refute or discredit any of them by cross-examination or
otherwise. Id. at 244, 69 S.Ct. at 1081.
16
It should be noted that a number of Courts of Appeals have held in substance

"that the accused's failure to challenge the accuracy of the information is a
sufficient indicium of its reliability for sentencing uses." United States v.
Pinkney, supra at 177 U.S.App.D.C. at 429, 543 F.2d 914 n. 37; United States
v. Bass, 175 U.S.App.D.C. 282, 292-93, 535 F.2d 110, 120-21 (1976); United
States v. Cardi, 519 F.2d 309, 314-15 (7th Cir. 1975); United States v. Mims,
440 F.2d 643, 644-45 (8th Cir. 1971); United States v. Carden, 428 F.2d 1116,
1118 (8th Cir. 1970). Cf. United States v. Picard, 464 F.2d 215, 219-20 (1st Cir.
1972).
17
This Court is not prepared to hold that the information relied on by a sentencing
judge may never be challenged at a point in time subsequent to the hearing at
which sentence was imposed. However, when confronted by such a petition,
this Court will carefully scrutinize the information advanced by petitioner as
justifying his delay and as excusing his failure to challenge the information
during the course of the hearing. Any other position would serve to encourage
defendants serving lengthy sentences to lie back and wait, and to attack the
basis of the sentencing after witnesses with relevant knowledge have died or
have otherwise become unavailable, or after pertinent records have become
routinely destroyed, lost or otherwise unavailable.
18
The judgment of the District Court is affirmed.
Of the District of Massachusetts, sitting by designation

Claudio Anthony Diaz Torres v. United States, 564 F.2d 617, 1st Cir. (1977)

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564 F.

Claudio Anthony DIAZ TORRES, Petitioner, Appellant,

United States Court of Appeals,

Armando Cardona Acaba, Bayamon, P. R., on brief, for petitioner, appellant.

Before COFFIN, Chief Judge, CAMPBELL, Circuit Judge, CAFFREY,*

CAFFREY, District Judge.

This is an appeal from the denial of appellant's 2255 petition which

Appellant pleaded guilty to three counts of an indictment charging him

The absence of a challenge to the factors relied on by a sentencing judge has

Appellant argues correctly that if his sentencing was based on material

15 accuracy of the statements made by the judge . . . was not challenged by

It should be noted that a number of Courts of Appeals have held in substance

The judgment of the District Court is affirmed.

Of the District of Massachusetts, sitting by designation

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