Saina Nehwal

Saina Nehwal (

pronunciation

world no.1 in Women's Singles .

(helpinfo);
[10][11][12]

born 17 March 1990) is an Indianbadminton player, former

She is the first Indian to win a medal in Badminton at the

Olympics.[13] She achieved this feat by winning the Bronze medal at the London Olympics 2012 on 4
August 2012.[14] She is also the first Indian after Prakash Padukone and the first Indian woman to
become world number 1 badminton player.[10] Besides these, she is the first Indian to win the World
Junior Badminton Championships and was also the first Indian to win a Super Series tournament, by
clinching theIndonesia Open on 21 June 2009. Saina is supported by the Olympic Gold Quest.[15]
Saina was initially coached by S. M. Arif a Dronacharya Award winner, and then by Pullela
Gopichand till 2014 September. Saina is the reigning Indian national champion and is currently
coached by the former Indian badminton champion and national coach Vimal Kumar. Saina Nehwal
played forHyderabad Hotshots in the Indian Badminton League in 2013.[16] She won silver at 2015
BWF World Championship becoming the first Indian to do so

Personal life[edit]
Saina Nehwal, second daughter of Harvir Singh and Usha Rani, was born in aHindu Jat family
in Hisar.[1][17] Her father worked in CCS HAU she completed her first few years of schooling
at Campus School CCS HAU, Hisar.[18] The family later shifted to Hyderabad.[19] Nehwal also has a
brown belt in Karate.[20]Saina did her Xll from St.Anns College Mehdipatnam Hyderabad.

Career[edit]

20062009[edit]
In 2006, Saina became the under-19 national champion and created history by winning the
prestigious Asian Satellite Badminton tournament (India Chapter) twice, becoming the first player to
do so. In May 2006, the 16-year-old Saina became the first Indian woman and the youngest player
from Asia to win a 4-star tournament - the Philippines Open.[21][22]Entering the tournament as the 86th
seed, Saina went on to stun several top seeded players including the then world number four Xu
Huaiwen before defeating Julia Wong Pei Xian of Malaysia for the title. The same year Saina was
also the runner up at the 2006 BWF World Junior Championships, where she lost a hard fought
match against top seed ChineseWang Yihan. She did one better in the 2008 by becoming the first
Indian to win the World Junior Badminton Championshipsby defeating ninth seeded
Japanese Sayaka Sato 219, 2118.

She became the first Indian woman to reach the quarter finals at the Olympic Games when she
upset world number five and fourth seed Wang Chen of Hong Kong in a three-game thriller. In the
quarter-finals Saina lost a nail biting 3-gamer to world number 16 Maria Kristin Yulianti. In September
2008, she won the Yonex Chinese Taipei Open 2008 beating Lydia Cheah Li Ya of Malaysia 218
2119.[23] Maria Yulianti had earlier lost her quarter-final match to Pia Bernadet, Saina's semi-final
opponent, thus denying Saina a rematch. Saina was named "The Most Promising Player" in 2008.
[24]

She reached the world super series semifinals in the month of December 2008. [25]

On 21 June 2009, she became the first Indian[26] to win a BWF Super Series title, the most prominent
badminton series of the world by winning the Indonesia Open. She beat Chinese Wang Lin in the
final 1221, 2118, 219. Saina on winning the tournament said, "I had been longing to win a super
series tournament since my quarter final appearance at the Olympics". Saina is on the par with the
likes of Prakash Padukone and her mentor Pullela Gopichand who both won the all England
championships which are of similar status to the super series. In August 2009 she reached the
quarterfinals of world championship losing to the second seed Wang Lin.

Sania Mirza born November 15, 1986,[3] is an Indian tennisplayer. She began her tennis career in
2003. In 2004 she was given theArjuna award by the Indian Government. She is known for her
powerful

Early life
Mirza was born to Imran Mirza,a sports journalist and his wife Nasima inMumbai, India. She was
brought up in Hyderabad in a Muslim family.[4] Mirza began playing tennis at the age of six,
turning professional in 2003. She was trained by her father and other family members. She attended
Nasr school in Hyderabad and later graduated from St. Mary's College.[5][6]

Personal life
Mirza married Pakistani cricketer Shoaib Malik on April 12, 2010.[7][8] Mirza received an honorary
degree of Doctor of Letters from the MGR Educational and Research Institute University
in Chennai on 2008-12-11.[9] Her niece, Sonia Baig Mirza, studies there.

Career
In April 2003, Mirza made her debut in the India Fed Cup team, winning all three singles matches.
She also won the 2003 Wimbledon ChampionshipsGirls' Doubles title, teaming up with Alisa
Kleybanova of Russia.
Mirza is the highest ranked female tennis player ever from India, with a career high ranking of 27
in singles and 18 in doubles. She is the first Indian woman to be seeded in a Grand Slam tennis
tournament. She was the first Indian woman to reach the fourth round of a Grand Slam
tournament at the2005 U.S. Open, defeating Mashona Washington, Maria Elena Camerin andMarion
Bartoli. In winning, with Mahesh Bhupathi, the mixed doubles event at the 2009 Australian Open, she
became the first Indian woman to win a Grand Slam title.
In 2005, Mirza reached the third round of the Australian Open, losing to the champion Serena
Williams. On February 12, 2005, she became the first Indian woman to win a WTA singles title,
beating Alyona Bondarenko ofUkraine in the Hyderabad Open Finals. At the 2006 Doha Asian
Games, Mirza won the silver in the women's singles category and the gold in the mixed doubles
partnering Leander Paes. She was also part of the Indian women's team that won the silver in the
team event.
In 2006, Mirza was awarded a Padma Shri, India's fourth highest honor for her achievements as a
tennis player.[10]
Mirza had had the best results of her career during the 2007 summer hardcourt season, finishing
eighth in the 2007 U.S. Open Series standings. She reached the final of the Bank of the West
Classic and won the doubles event with Shahar Pe'er, and reached the quarterfinals of the Tier
1 Acura Classic.
At the 2007 U.S. Open, she reached the third round before losing to Anna Chakvetadze for the third
time in recent weeks. She fared much better in the doubles, reaching the quarterfinals in mixed with
her partner Mahesh Bhupathi and the quarterfinals in the women's doubles with Bethanie Mattek,
including a win over number two seeds Lisa Raymond and Samantha

Jwala Gutta is a left-handed international badminton player from Hyderabad,India. She is the
country's top-level doubles specialist and has won theNational Badminton Championships fourteen
times till 2013. She has been representing India on the international circuit for more than 15 years
and has partnered with Shruti Kurien earlier in her career winning the nationals with her for six
straight years. The pair then split and Jwala then paired up withAshwini Ponnappa before New Delhi
Commonwealth Games and found greater international success with her as the pair has consistently
been ranked among the top-twenty in the BWF World Ranking reaching as high as no. 10 in 2015.[2]
Jwala has brought numerous medals for Indian badminton including the bronze medal BWF World
Championships in 2011 and a gold and silver at 2010 and 2014 Commonwealth Games respectively
in women's doubles which were the first for the country in the discipline. Other achievements include
the historic bronze medal at the 2014 Thomas & Uber Cup held atNew Delhi, a bronze medal
at Badminton Asia Championships in the same year and final and semi-final appearances in many
big international events most notably the finals appearance at the 2009 BWF Super Series Masters
Finals alongside Diju which was the first for the country in any discipline.
Jwala has been credited to have brought recognition for doubles badminton in the country, first with
her mixed doubles partner Valiyaveetil Diju with whom she peaked at no.6 in 2010 becoming the first
doubles partnership from the country to be ranked amongst the top-10 and now forms the highprofile partnership with Ponnappa in women's doubles. Jwala with her successful career and
outspoken nature is one of the few recognizable female athletes of the country and has been listed
several times among the top most inspiring sportswomen of India.[3] She is the Icon player for Krrish
Delhi SmashersFranchise of the Indian Badminton League.

Early life[edit]
Jwala was born on 7 September 1983 in Wardha, Maharashtra and brought up
in Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, to a TeluguHindu Indian father and a Chinese mother. Jwala's father,
Kranti Gutta, hailed from a family of freedom fighters and Leftistsfrom Peddapuliveru in Andhra
Pradesh's Guntur district.[4][5] Her mother, Yelan Gutta, was born in Tianjin, and is a granddaughter of
a Gandhian named Tseng. Yelan first came to India in 1977 with her grandfather to visit
the Sevagramashram, where she translated Gandhi's autobiography and other works into Chinese
language.[6]

Junior titles[edit]
Jwala started playing badminton at the age of six. Her chief achievement as a youngster was to win
the Under-13 Girls Mini National Badminton Championship held at Thrissur, Kerala. In 2000, Jwala
(aged 17) won the Junior National Badminton Championship. The same year, she also won the
Women's Doubles Junior National Championship and the Senior National Badminton Championship,
both in partnership with Shruti Kurien. This association was to last several years, and the pairing of
Jwala Gutta and Shruti Kurien won the Women's Doubles National title for seven years in
succession, from 2002 to 2008.

Playing style[edit]
Jwala Gutta likes playing aggressive badminton and has a great affinity for netplay, with a great level
of skill at the net like good anticipation and deceptive shots. She is considered very dangerous at the
net with good reading of the game and great interceptions and is substantially sharp with her strokes
at the net. She also has a strong smash from the back court and some handy deceptive drops. She
is vulnerable in a few areas the most evident being her movement across the court and can commit
errors when forced to move. She also has had some fitness issues in her long career. She is also
famous for being one of the only world-class doubles player to still use the forehand service since
most other doubles specialists opt for the safer backhand serve. She stands unique in this aspect. [7]

History
See also: Android version history
Android, Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California in October 2003 by Andy Rubin (co-founder
of Danger),[28] Rich Miner(co-founder of Wildfire Communications, Inc.),[29] Nick Sears (once VP at TMobile),[30] and Chris White (headed design and interface development at WebTV[16]) to develop, in
Rubin's words, "smarter mobile devices that are more aware of its owner's location and
preferences".[16] The early intentions of the company were to develop an advanced operating system
for digital cameras. Though, when it was realized that the market for the devices was not large
enough, the company diverted its efforts toward producing a smartphone operating system that
would rival Symbian and Microsoft Windows Mobile.[31] Despite the past accomplishments of the
founders and early employees, Android Inc. operated secretly, revealing only that it was working on
software for mobile phones.[16] That same year, Rubin ran out of money. Steve Perlman, a close
friend of Rubin, brought him $10,000 in cash in an envelope and refused a stake in the company.[32]
In July 2005, Google acquired Android Inc. for at least $50 million, whose key employees, including
Rubin, Miner and White, stayed at the company after the acquisition. [14][16] Not much was known about
Android Inc. at the time, but many assumed that Google was planning to enter the mobile phone
market with this move.[16] At Google, the team led by Rubin developed a mobile device platform
powered by the Linux kernel. Google marketed the platform to handset makers and carriers on the
promise of providing a flexible, upgradable system. Google had lined up a series of hardware

component and software partners and signaled to carriers that it was open to various degrees of
cooperation on their part.[33][34][35]
Speculation about Google's intention to enter the mobile communications market continued to build
through December 2006.[36] An earlier prototype codenamed "Sooner" had a closer resemblance to
a BlackBerry phone, with no touchscreen, and a physical, QWERTY keyboard, but was later reengineered to support a touchscreen, to compete with other announced devices such as the
2006 LG Prada and 2007 Apple iPhone.[37][38] In September 2007, InformationWeekcovered
an Evalueserve study reporting that Google had filed several patent applications in the area of
mobile telephony.[39][40]
Eric Schmidt, Andy Rubin and Hugo Barra at a 2012 press conference announcing Google's Nexus 7 tablet

On November 5, 2007, the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of technology companies including
Google, device manufacturers such as HTC, Sony andSamsung, wireless carriers such as Sprint
Nextel and T-Mobile, and chipset makers such as Qualcomm and Texas Instruments, unveiled itself,
with a goal to developopen standards for mobile devices.[17] That day, Android was unveiled as its first
product, a mobile device platform built on the Linux kernel.[17][41] The first commercially available
smartphone running Android was the HTC Dream, released on October 22, 2008.[42]
Since 2008, Android has seen numerous updates which have incrementally improved the operating
system, adding new features and fixing bugs in previous releases. Each major release is named in
alphabetical order after a dessert or sugary treat; for example, version 1.5 "Cupcake" was followed
by 1.6 "Donut". In 2010, Google launched its Nexus series of devices a line of smartphones and
tablets running the Android operating system, and built by manufacturing partners. HTC collaborated
with Google to release the first Nexus smartphone, [43] the Nexus One. Google has since updated the
series with newer devices, such as theNexus 5 phone (made by LG) and the Nexus 7 tablet (made
by Asus). Google releases the Nexus phones and tablets to act as their flagship Android devices,
demonstrating Android's latest software and hardware features. From 2013 until 2015, Google
offered several Google Play Edition devices over Google Play. While not carrying the Google Nexus
branding, these were Google-customized Android phones and tablets that also ran the latest version
of Android, free from manufacturer or carrier modifications.
From 2010 to 2013, Hugo Barra served as product spokesperson, representing Android at press
conferences and Google I/O, Googles annual developer-focused conference. Barra's product
involvement included the entire Android ecosystem of software and hardware, including Honeycomb,
Ice Cream Sandwich, Jelly Bean and KitKat operating system launches, theNexus 4 and Nexus
5 smartphones, the Nexus 7[44] and Nexus 10 tablets,[45] and other related products such as Google
Now[46] and Google Voice Search, Googles speech recognition product comparable to Apples Siri.

[46]

In 2013, Barra left the Android team for Chinese smartphone maker Xiaomi.[47] The same

year, Larry Page announced in a blog post that Andy Rubin had moved from the Android division to
take on new projects at Google.[48] He was replaced by Sundar Pichaiwho became the new head of
Android and Chrome OS,[49] and, later, by Hiroshi Lockheimer when Pichai became CEO of Google.[50]
In 2014, Google launched Android One, a line of smartphones mainly targeting customers in the
developing world. In May 2015, Google announced Project Brillo as a cut-down version of Android
that uses its lower levels (excluding the user interface), intended for the "Internet of Things"
(IoT) embedded syste

Features
See also: List of features in Android

Interface
Android's default user interface is mainly based on direct manipulation,[52] using touch inputs that
loosely correspond to real-world actions, like swiping, tapping, pinching, and reverse pinching to
manipulate on-screen objects, along with a virtual keyboard.[52] Game controllers and full-size
physical keyboards are supported via Bluetooth or USB.[53] The response to user input is designed to
be immediate and provides a fluid touch interface, often using the vibration capabilities of the device
to provide haptic feedback to the user. Internal hardware, such
as accelerometers, gyroscopes and proximity sensors[54] are used by some applications to respond to
additional user actions, for example adjusting the screen from portrait to landscape depending on
how the device is oriented, or allowing the user to steer a vehicle in a racing game by rotating the
device, simulating control of a steering wheel.[55]

Applications
See also: Android software development and Google Play
Applications ("apps"), which extend the functionality of devices, are written using the Android
software development kit (SDK) and, often, the Java programming language that has complete
access to the Android APIs. Java may be combined with C/C++, together with a choice of nondefault runtimes that allow better C++ support;[63][64][65] the Go programming language is also supported
since its version 1.4, which can also be used exclusively although with a restricted set of Android
APIs.[66] The SDK includes a comprehensive set of development tools,[67] including
a debugger, software libraries, a handset emulator based on QEMU, documentation, sample code,
and tutorials. Initially, Google's supported integrated development environment (IDE)
was Eclipse using the Android Development Tools (ADT) plugin; in December 2014, Google
released Android Studio, based on IntelliJ IDEA, as its primary IDE for Android application

development. Other development tools are available, including a native development kit (NDK) for
applications or extensions in C or C++,Google App Inventor, a visual environment for novice
programmers, and various cross platform mobile web applications frameworks. In January 2014,
Google unveiled an framework based on Apache Cordova for porting Chrome HTML 5 web
applications to Android, wrapped in a native application shell.[68]

Each major release version is named after something sweet.

Android 1.6. Donut.

Android 2.1. Eclair.

Android 2.2. Froyo.

Android 2.3. Gingerbread.

Android 3.0. Honeycomb.

Android 4.0. Ice Cream Sandwich.

Android 4.1. Jelly Bean.

Android 4.4. KitKat.