Exp5 Baru..
Exp5 Baru..
Exp5 Baru..
TITLE
Adsorption
OBJECTIVES
THEORY
Adsorption is a process that occurs when a gas or liquid solute accumulates on the surface of
a solid or a liquid (adsorbent), forming a film of molecules or atoms (the adsorbate). The
matter that is attracting to the surface is call adsorbate and the matter that attract or where
others matters adhere on is called adsorbent. It is different from absorption, in which a
substance diffuses into a liquid or solid to form a solution. The term sorption encompasses
both processes, while desorption is the reverse process.
Freundlich stated that the equation for adsorption isotherm can be written as :
N = KCa
Where;
C = concentration at equilibrium
K = constant
Where,
If the cross section area (σ) of the absorbed molecule is known ( which area occupied by each
adsorbate molecule on the surface of adsorbent). The specific surface area, A (m2g-1) can be
calculated using the following equation:
A= σ x 10-20 m2g-1
Where,
= Avogrado number
APPARATUS
Conical flask and stopper, beaker, pipette, glass rod, weighing bottle, volumetric flask 250
cm3, burette 50 Ml
CHEMICALS
Activated carbon, Acetic acid (2M), pellet NaOH, standard solution of HCl (0.10 M),
phenolphthalein
RESULTS
n = MV/ 1000
= 0.1 M x 500 mL
1000
= 0.05 mol
2. We used to prepare 250 mL of each of the following acetic solutions ; 0.01M, 0.05M,
0.08M, 0.10M, 0.12M, and 0.15M. The concentration of Acetic Acid given is 2M.
Therefore we can prepared each of the solution by dilution process :
M1V1 = M2V2
M1V1 = M2V2
(2M) (V1) = (0.01M) (250mL)
V1 =1.25 mL
M1V1 = M2V2
(2M) (V1) = (0.05M) (250mL)
V1 =6.25 mL
M1V1 = M2V2
(2M) (V1) = (0.08M) (250mL)
V1 =10 mL
M1V1 = M2V2
(2M) (V1) = (0.12M) (250mL)
V1 =15 mL
M1V1 = M2V2
(2M) (V1) = (0.15M) (250mL)
V1 =18.75 mL
CALCULATIONS
1. The final (equilibrium) concentration of each acetic solution after titrated with NaOH
M1V1 = M2V2
(M2) (25mL) = (0.10M) (1.2mL)
M2 =4.8 x 10-3M
M1V1 = M2V2
(M2) (25mL) = (0.10M) (8.9mL)
M2 =0.0356 M
M1V1 = M2V2
(M2) (25mL)= (0.10M) (13.8mL)
M2 =0.0552M
M1V1 = M2V2
(M2) (25mL)= (0.10M) (25.3mL)
M2 =0.1012M
M1V1 = M2V2
(M2) (25mL) = (0.10M) (33mL)
M2 =0.132 M
2. The number of moles of acetic acid adsorbed by 1 g of activated solution of each acetic
acid
a) Initial concentration
M1V1 = M2V2
(M1) (25mL) = (0.10M) (2.5mL)
M1 =0.01M
a) Initial concentration
M1V1 = M2V2
(M1) (25mL) = (0.10M) (12mL)
M1 =0.048M
a) Initial concentration
M1V1 = M2V2
(M1) (25mL) = (0.10M) (19.5mL)
M1 =0.078M
a) Initial concentration
M1V1 = M2V2
(M1) (25mL) = (0.10M) (25.3mL)
M1 =0.1012M
a) Initial concentration
M1V1 = M2V2
(M1) (25mL) = (0.10M) (28.3mL)
M1 =0.1132M
= 0.09M x 100 mL
1000
= 9.0 x 10 -3mol
a) Initial concentration
M1V1 = M2V2
(M1) (25mL) = (0.10M) (35.3mL)
M1 = 0.1412M
= 0.1412M x 100 mL
1000
= 0.01412 mol
= 0.132 M x 100 mL
1000
= 0.0132 mol
3. Plot also the Langmuir isotherm, C/N versus C. Calculate Nm from the slope of the
graph.
C C/N
4.8 x 10-3 M = 4.8 x 10-3 M
5.2 x 10 -4 molg-1
= 9.23 g/ L
0.036 M = 0.036M
1.238 x 10-3molg-1
= 29.08 g/L
0.055M = 0.055M
2.278 x 10-3 molg-1
=24.14 g/L
0.090M = 0.090M
2.32 x 10-3molg-1
= 38.79 g/L
0.132 M = 0.132M
9.19 x 10-4molg-1
=143.63g/L
From equation
= (62-20)
(0.16 – 0.034)
= 333.33
Nm = 1 / 333.33 = 3 x 10-3
4. By assuming that the cross sectional area of acetic acid is 21 A2, calculate the specific
surface area of activated carbon used in this experiment
A= σ x 10-20 m2g-1
= 379.26 m2g-1
DISCUSSION
1. Absorption involves a substance being taken into a bulk of a phase, while absorption
involves a substance being taken onto a surface. The adsorption process is represented
by
A + surface site A ( adsorbed )
2. It is assumed that the surface contains a set of site at each of which a molecule of A
can be adsorbed, and that only a single layer of molecules of A ( a monolayer ) can be
adsorbed on the surface. The sites might include all of the atoms of the solid surface,
or might be special locations such as a “step” between two layers of atoms. It is
assumed that the total number of surface sites is fixed for a fixed amount of catalyst.
The fraction of the surface sites occupied by adsorbed A molecules is denoted by θ.
4. For this experiment, it is influenced by the concentration of the solution. The type of
adsorption involve is chemisorptions. Concentration of solution will affect the
adsorption. As the concentration increase, the rate of adsorption will increase too.
5. The solutions that we left for six days to ensure the adsorption process occur
efficiently. But for certain time, the adsorption will stop and remain constant as the
layers of charcoals are already full with acetic acid molecules.
6. Activated carbon is used as an adsorbent. Adsorbents are used usually in the form of
spherical pellets, rods, moldings, or monoliths with hydrodynamic diameters between
0.5 and 10 mm. They must have high abrasion resistance, high thermal stability and
small pore diameters, which results in higher exposed surface area and hence high
surface capacity for adsorption. The adsorbents must also have a distinct pore
structure which enables fast transport of the gaseous vapors.
•
Shake all the solution properly
•
Filter the solution before proceeding for titration and discard the initial small
volume of the filtrate
• Do not use wet filter paper in filtration as it may dilute the solution
CONCLUSION
1. Adsorption is usually described through isotherms, that is, the amount of adsorbate on
the adsorbent as a function of its pressure (if gas) or concentration (if liquid) at
constant temperature. Activated carbon is used for adsorption of organic substances
and non-polar adsorbates. It is the most widely used adsorbent. Its usefulness derives
mainly from its large micropore and mesopore volumes and the resulting high surface
area.
2. The surface area of activated carbon can be calculated by using the equation
A= σ x 10-20 m2g-1
= 379.26 m2g-1
REFERENCES
2. O.P Pandey, D.N. Bajpai,S.Giri(1972) Practical Chemistry( for B.Sc. I.II &III year
students, India, S.Chand
3. http://www.rpi.edu/dept/chem-eng/Biotech-Environ/Adsorb/langmuir.htm
4. http://www.rpi.edu/dept/chem-eng/Biotech-Environ/Adsorb/equation.htm
5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adsorption
6. http://www.lenntech.com/adsorption.htm