101st Div Gold Book 2010
101st Div Gold Book 2010
(AIR ASSAULT)
GOLD BOOK
12 April 2010
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
HEADQUARTERS, 101st AIRBORNE DIVISION (AIR ASSAULT) AND FORT CAMPBELL
2700 INDIANA AVENUE
FORT CAMPBELL, KENTUCKY 42223-5656
REPLY TO
ATTENTION OF
1. The Gold Book is not authoritative Joint or U.S. Army Doctrine. The 2010 Gold Book
describes the tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) used to execute air assault
operations in the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault). It is intended to be a ―how to‖
guide for those serving in our division and those modular units who will be employed with
the Division in training and combat operations.
2. The 2010 Gold Book reflects changes in doctrine, organization, training, and lessons
learned from recent combat operations. The Gold Book will continue to be reviewed after
future operations.
4. Air Assault!
John F. Campbell
Major General, U.S. Army
Commanding
DISTRIBUTION: A
Summary of Significant Changes from 03 July 07 Gold Book
Introduction:
• Removed references to battlespace and replaced with area of operations
• Updated references list with new/revised FMs
• Updated aircraft frame nomenclature to reflect UH-60M and CH-47F models
Chapter 1
• Revised AMCM checklist items into like groups
• Clarified Hasty AMCM checklist
• Added Air Assault Back Brief format
• Inserted Combined Arms Rehearsal format example
• Revised Air Assault Conditions Checklist and definition of status blocks
Chapter 2
• Added Air to Ground Communication Check-in Procedures and clarified
between aircraft check-in and CCA check-in
Chapter 3
• Updated UH-60 PZ/LZ diagram to reflect 50m between aircraft
• Added UAS platforms to CHERRY/ICE call procedures
• Updated Off load diagrams in Figure 3-3 and 3-4 to better reflect air frames
Chapter 4
• Updated Figure 4-8 with new Airborne Command & Control Systems
• Updated AC2 seating configurations in Figure 4-9
Chapter 5
• Modified Chapter layout to Staging Operations, Chalk Check-in, Light PZ,
Heavy PZ, and Loading Plan IOT reduce redundancy on topics such as PZ
Control, set-up, communication, and markings
• Added additional PZ marking diagrams for clarification on Touch Down Point
landing lights and night markings
• Updated aircraft spacing in Light and Heavy PZ operations based on FM 3-
21.8, Pathfinder Operations
• Updated communication devices to AN/PRC148 MBITR and AN/PRC-152
Harris systems
• Added sling load instructions for M1025/M1026, M1151, M119 105mm
Howitzer, M777 155mm Howitzer, A-22 Cargo bag, 5k and 10k Cargo nets,
and One to Four 500-Gallon Fuel Drums (Blivets)
• Updated Sling Load Inspection Record to latest version
• Updated Hooker Training requirements to within 30 days
Chapter 6
• Replaced references of LOGPAD Operations to Sustainment Operations
• Updated Figure 6-13 and Figure 6-15 terminology for 10T crane
requirements
• Updated MEDEVAC section to include Forward Support MEDEVAC Team
(FSMT)
• Changed 4-line MEDEVAC request to 5-line request
• Updated Pathfinder METL tasks IAW current METLs
• Updated Pathfinder link-up procedures with GTC on LZ
Chapter 7
• Deleted fighter management Standards section and Figure 7-8 (Duty Period
and Rotary Wing Flight Hour Maximums) – added reference to supporting
CAB SOPs
• Updated Aircraft Capabilities Section - updated Avionics for UH-60L, UH-
60M, CH-47F, OH-58D, and AH-64D; added UH-60M capabilities
• Deleted Figure 7-23 (REDCON Status) due to redundancy and incorrect
REDCON status color codes
• Updated Seats Out / Seats In Assault Aviation TF capabilities diagram for
readability
Chapter 8
• Updated terminology IAW FM 3-0 – Army Airspace Command and Control
(A2C2) is now Airspace Command and Control (AC2)
• Updated terminology IAW FM 3-04.155 – Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)
is now Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)
• Added section on Sentinel Radar operations ISO AC2
• Updated FRIES Approval Authority data
Chapter 9
• Updated Artillery Raid section with M777 data for Figure 9-2
• Updated FRIES SOP, A/C, and Approval data
• Added Aerial Reaction Force (ARF) and Aerial Weapons Platform (AWP)
TTPs
Chapter 10
• Inserted Air Assault Training Chapter (Previously contained in Cam Reg
350-1, Fort Campbell Training Guidance)
Chapter 11
• Glossary removed from Chapter 10; re-inserted as Chapter 11
• Updated glossary definitions from FM 101-5-1 to FM 1-02
GOLD BOOK
CONTENTS
Page
Introduction .................................................................................................................................. I
A: References .............................................................................................. II
B: How We Fight ..........................................................................................III
C: Division Structure ................................................................................... IV
D: Brigade Structures ................................................................................. VI
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book ii
Contents
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book iii
Contents
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book iv
Contents
Figures
Introduction:
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book v
Contents
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book vi
Contents
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book vii
Contents
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book viii
Contents
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book ix
INTRODUCTION
Joint force commanders conduct forcible entry operations at the operational level
of war. Commanders operating at the tactical level conduct airborne or air assault
operations to gain a positional advantage or to envelop or turn the enemy. Airborne and
air assault operations are types of entry operations that use a vertical envelopment to
insert a force into an area of operations (AO). The capability to conduct airborne and air
assault operations allows the commander to:
The 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) has a long and rich heritage. As the
world‘s only functional Air Assault Division, the 101st Airborne has pioneered the
development of Air Assault tactics, techniques and procedures (TTPs). These tactics
were quantifiably demonstrated in 1991 during Operation Desert Storm and most
recently during Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom. We are
currently at war with dangerous and adaptive terrorist forces in complex environments.
In response, the Division continually refines its TTPs, exploiting our unique capabilities
to defeat our nation‘s enemies.
The Gold Book retains a focus on brigade and battalion air assault task forces. To
address the demands of current operations, information on smaller scale air assaults
and supporting operations is included. Regardless of echelon, the fundamentals of air
assault planning and execution remain the same and are based on air assault doctrine
(FM 90-4 Air Assault Operations, and FM 71-100-3 Air Assault Division Tactics,
Techniques, and Procedures), Division organization, and the baseline skills taught in
The Sabalauski Air Assault School. The Gold Book also addresses the role of aviation
brigades and their supporting relationship to the Air Assault Task Force Commander
(AATFC).
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book I
Introduction
FM 3-90
FM 90-4 TACTICS
AIR ASSAULT (AIRBORNE FM 3-0
OPERATIONS AIR ASSAULT OPERATIONS
OPERATIONS)
The Gold Book is not authoritative joint or U.S. Army doctrine. However,
familiarity and proficiency with the Gold Book standards are critical for this Division to
perform air assault operations routinely both in training and combat. Regular reviews of
the Gold Book ensures incorporation of wartime lessons learned and changes in
Doctrine, Organization, Training, Material, Leadership & Education, Personnel, and
Facilities (DOTMLPF) related to air assault operations. The Gold Book is a key tool by
which the Division prepares for its next ―Rendezvous with Destiny.” Air Assault!
SECTION A: REFERENCES
These are the sources quoted or paraphrased in the Gold Book.
Field Manuals:
FM 90-4 Air Assault Operations (currently under revision as ATTPM 3-97.4)
FM 71-100 Division Operations
FM 71-100-2 Infantry Division Operations
FM 71-100-3 Air Assault Division Operations
FM 17-95 Cavalry Operations
FM 3-04.126 Attack Reconnaissance Helicopter Operations (formerly FM 1-112)
FM 3-04.203 Fundamentals of Flight
FM 3-0 Operations
FM 3-90 Tactics, Annex C, Airborne & Air Assault Operations
FM 3-04.113 Utility and Cargo Helicopter Operations (formerly FM 1-113)
FM 3-21.8 Infantry Rifle Platoon and Squad (formerly 7-8)
FM 3-21.28 Pathfinder Operations
FM 3-21.30 Infantry, Airborne, and Air Assault Brigade Operations (formerly FM 7-30)
FM 3-52.1 Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, & Procedures for Airspace Control
FM 3-04.155 Army Unmanned Aircraft System Operations
FM 4-20.197 Multi-Service Helicopter Sling Load: Basic Operations and Equipment
Army Regulation:
AR 95-1 XVIII Airborne Corps Supplement to AR 95-1
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book II
Introduction
Training Circular:
TC 1-400 Brigade Aviation Element Handbook
st
1. Overview: The 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) is a versatile force. It provides
regional combatant commanders a large-scale, early-entry, air/ground force capable of
destroying enemy formations, while seizing, denying or holding key terrain at
operational depths. This force is also capable of executing air assault operations at
various echelons to achieve speed, surprise, and lethality across any terrain and across
the full spectrum of sustained combat operations.
2. Myths: It is worth addressing some things commonly said about air assault
operations.
Myth Reality
Air Assault is a Combined Arms mobile strike. It is Dominant
Air Assaults are really Maneuver with complex vertical envelopments involving up to
air movements of rifle hundreds of aircraft sorties assaulting thousands of soldiers at decisive
companies points.
Easy to do; Air Assault Incredibly complex and not a pick-up game; requires habitual
= Air Movement relationships among all members of the Air Assault combined arms
team
The 101st is a Light The Infantry, Aviation and Artillery forces of the Air Assault Division are
Infantry outfit with a inextricably linked as a combined arms team able to rapidly achieve
bunch of helicopters combat power overmatch against any potential adversary.
3. Air Assault Division Fundamentals: Sometimes observers think that air assaults
depend on certain numbers of aircraft or certain distances of operational reach. Those
are certainly considerations. However, far more important than ―how many‖ or ―how far‖
is the more basic understanding of ―how to‖ air assault. That understanding pushed to
the lowest echelon, rests on these fundamentals:
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book III
Introduction
b. Inner/Outer Ring Fight: The area of operations within the FOB is the inner
ring. The inner ring is under control of the BCT or Ground Tactical Commander and
extends to the radius covered by the range of organic weapon systems. The outer ring
fight isolates the objective area and sets the conditions for follow-on operations. The
outer ring can be controlled by the supporting aviation commander or Division Tactical
CP.
c. Air Assault Raids: Air Assault Raids stage from the immediate
objectives/FOB. Purposes for Air Assault Raids include attacks to destroy key enemy
units or facilities, securing Position Areas for Artillery (PAA), battalion or brigade size air
assaults to seize subsequent terrain objectives, and deep attacks to engage hostile
forces in specified engagement areas.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book IV
Introduction
XX
101
X X X X X X
HHB
101 1 BCT 2 BCT 3 BCT 4 BCT 101 159
st
Figure 3: 101 Airborne Division Habitual Alignment
b. The Division Commander exercises Command and Control over the entire
Division area of operations through two primary command posts: the Main and one
Tactical CP.
XX
101
CMD LNO
MCG TAC MAIN HHB
GRP GRP
st
Figure 4: 101 DIV HQ & Headquarters and Headquarters Battalion
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book V
Introduction
1. The Infantry Brigade Combat Team (BCT): The Infantry BCT is a rapid
deployment force consisting of two infantry battalions, a RSTA squadron, a fires
battalion, a brigade troops battalion, and a brigade support battalion.
X
72 INF SQDS
BT BSB 28 ITAS/TOW
B 12 LRAS
12 120mm MORTAR
8 81mm MORTAR
FSC 14 60mm MORTAR
72 Javelin CLU
68 Mk19 (IN BN / BSB)
16 105mm HOWITZERS
MI 1 Q36 RADAR
4 SEEs / HMEEs
2 DEUCEs
2 TUAS GCS
10 SUAS
2 PROPHETS
HHC HHC HHT HHB 1 TROJAN SPIRIT
2 JNN
HHC
HHC
b. Command Relationships. For most air assault operations, the BCT is the
supported command, while one or more aviation brigades is the supporting command.
2. Combat Aviation Brigade. The Division is habitually aligned with two identical
combat aviation brigades (CABs). Each consists of an air cavalry squadron (OH-58D
Kiowa Warrior), an attack aviation battalion (AH-64D Apache Longbow), an assault
aviation battalion (UH-60L/M Blackhawk), a general support Aviation battalion (UH-
60A/L/M Blackhawk, UH-60A Blackhawk-MEDEVAC, and CH-47D/F Chinook), and an
aviation support battalion.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book VI
Introduction
A
HHC ASLT GSAB L M
U U A
24 AH-64D
L L L M
30 OH-58D
38 UH-60
U 12 UH-60A Medevac
M
12 CH-47
60 Pathfinders
PT
HF
HHT HHC
DR
AT
HHC S
FSC
HHC
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book VII
Introduction
Aviation Element, each BCT collaboratively plans with the CAB for missions. The CAB
provides both the support required by the Air Assault Task Force Commander and the
support required by the Division for mobile strikes and sustainment operations.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book VIII
Chapter 1
Air Assault Operations
SECTION A: THE REVERSE PLANNING SEQUENCE
2. Planning for air assault operations requires time to plan, rehearse, and brief. Efficient
use of time available requires the AATF and Aviation unit to use common troop leading
procedures and SOP‘s. The standardization of operations between units conducting the
air assault significantly enhances the ability of the unit to accomplish the mission.
3. Planning for air assault operations should contain as much detail as time permits to
include completion of written orders and plans. Within time constraints, the air assault
task force commander (AATFC) must carefully evaluate capabilities and limitations of
the total force and develop a plan that ensures a high probability of success. The
planning time should abide by the ―one-thirds/two-thirds rule‖ to ensure subordinates
have enough time to plan and rehearse themselves.
4. Scaling of air assault operations should begin with the tactical task assigned to the
AATFC and consider whether assets available, to include aviation assets, can support
the AATFC with respect to METT-TC. In some cases, a battalion-size AATF may
require a company (+) of aviation support or a company-size AATF may require multiple
aviation battalions from the combat aviation brigade (CAB).
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-1
Chapter 1
1. Parent Headquarters Staff. The headquarters above the element forming the AATF
sets the conditions for the formation of an AATF. The staff of that headquarters is
responsible for producing the task organization of the AATF and conducting the
necessary mission analysis of the Military Decision Making Process (MDMP).
Additionally, the combat aviation brigade (CAB) will place an Aviation unit appropriate to
the scale of the air assault operation in a supporting relationship to the AATF. On
occasion, the CAB may be the supporting aviation unit or it may serve as the AATF
headquarters for specific missions to include, but not limited to Forward Operating Base
(FOB) seizure and Forward Arming Refueling Point (FARP) occupation. For air assault
operations when the AATF is larger than company-size, the Commanding General is
the approving authority for the formation of the AATF.
2. Air Assault Task Force. The AATF is the foundation of the Air Assault. The primary
role of the AATFC and his staff is to develop the ground tactical plan (GTP). By using
the Brigade Aviation Element (BAE) and a supporting aviation brigade or battalion staff,
the AATFC and his staff have more time to focus on the GTP and follow on missions
while the aviation staff focuses on the first four phases of Air Assault planning. It is
essential that the AATFC provide his key tasks and intent. The supporting aviation units
need to know how the Commander wants to weight his attack/cavalry coverage and his
level of acceptable risk. The AATFC has overall responsibility for developing and
obtaining approval for the air assault mission risk assessment.
3. Aviation Units. An aviation unit assumes a supporting relationship to the AATFC for
air assault operations. Concurrent planning is conducted to support the air assault
based on the size and composition, of the organic assets of the CAB through the use of
the BAE and respective Liaison Officers (LNOs) from the aviation unit. As opposed to
having a specific Aviation unit task organized to a brigade combat team (BCT), the
Aviation Brigade will anticipate the needs of the AATFC and provide the necessary
aviation assets to support the mission of the Air Assault. As the supporting
Commander, the aviation unit commander has the ability to direct aviation assets within
the Brigade or request augmentation from Division to provide a ready response to the
needs of the AATFC. The aviation commander will support the AATFC during planning
to ensure aviation hazards and control measures are captured for the overall mission
risk assessment.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-2
Chapter 1
1. The AASLT planning process mirrors the steps in the military decision making
process (MDMP) and incorporates parallel actions necessary to provide the additional
time and detailed planning required for successful air mission execution.
2. Parallel planning.
(3) Identify likely PZs and LZs; narrow the focus to those that support the
evolving ground commander‘s scheme of maneuver.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-3
Chapter 1
(4) Confirmed troop counts by serial for assault and follow-on echelons.
(1) This is an S3 level meeting that follows the development of the ground
tactical plan. The Brigade Aviation Element runs the AMCM while the AATF S3 chairs
the event. The BCT S3 is the final arbitrator. Scheduling of the AMCM should allow
sufficient time for maneuver units to have decided on a specific ground course of action
(COA), based on the warning order and standard planning factors. The AATFC should
have already approved the maneuver COA. At the AMCM, battalion S3‘s brief the
concept of their ground tactical plans (GTP). Specifically, battalion S3‘s show the
composition of combat power, by echelon, required for delivery to each landing zone
(LZ). It is imperative that the subordinate S3s attend this meeting with an 80-90%
solution on their requirements.
(2) The meeting is not complete until the Assault LNOs know what loads
go to what LZ and in what sequence. Attack LNOs must know air routes to be used and
all must understand the LZs and agree on a tentative Air Movement Table (with the start
and end times of the first and last serial on the LZ). The BAE is the central figure in
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-4
Chapter 1
coordinating this information. The AMCM is the true ―good idea cut-off point.‖ The BCT
S3, XO, Commander, or Deputy Commander must approve changes after the AMCM.
It is critical that the supported Infantry unit and the assault planners come to the AMCM
with the information they must provide to have an effective meeting. The format of the
AMCM is in section E of this chapter.
(3) The result of the AMCM is a finalized air movement plan, landing plan,
air routes, pick-up zones, and LZs.
NOTE: “Seats out” is considered High Risk. The CG is the approval authority for
High Risk Operations.
(1) The AMB is a coordinated staff effort. It is where the AATFC approves
the air assault plan. The AMB is a focused adjunct to the BCT OPORD. It highlights air
assault requirements to the AATF, aviation, and ground units. The term ―AMB‖ refers to
both the written product and the briefing itself. The AMB should not be a working
meeting. An operations order should be published prior to this point. Therefore, the
AMB is essentially a backbrief to the BCT Commander and, equally important, to the
key subordinate Aviation and ground leaders who will execute the mission. The AMB
should focus on Assault and Attack concepts along with the sequence of events, and
why the staff developed the sequences for the mission. The slightest change in serial
separation, landing zones, or other elements of the mission can significantly affect the
rest of the plan. The CAB staff will play a pivotal role in the AMB process. The format of
the AMB is in section F of this chapter.
(2) The BCT Commander must approve any changes to the air assault
mission once the AMB is complete. It is very difficult to re-synchronize the different
combat systems in the short time that remains between the AMB and mission
execution.
(1) Aviation unit/serial commanders brief all flight crews that will execute
the air assault mission. This Aircrew Briefing (AB) covers all essential flight crew actions
and aviation planning necessary to accomplish the mission successfully. Flight crews
must fully understand the mission for successful execution of the air assault.
(2) The AB takes place at the Aviation task force level with the aircrews
(minimum of Pilots in Command) from each unit in attendance.
(3) The AB can also be conducted at the company level (with assistance
from the Aviation Task Force staff) when field conditions do not allow the brief to be
conducted at the Task Force level.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-5
Chapter 1
(1) While the Air Mission Brief serves as a good back brief format within
the AATF it does not translate easily as a back brief format for Platoon Level and
Company (-) AASLT operations as it relates to allocation of resources from the BN or
BCT. A condensed format capable of being tailored to specific mission sets by the unit
offers concise details for a back brief for approval.
(2) The format of the Air Assault Back Brief is in Section G of this chapter.
(1) The CAR is the culmination of the formal air assault planning process.
It is a rehearsal of the entire air assault mission, beginning with the setting of conditions
for success and ending with the Commander‘s expressed end state.
(2) The rehearsal includes AVN flight lead / S3, the battle staff and other
key leaders. The focus is on synchronizing how all assets are to support and execute
the air assault. Included in the rehearsal is a discussion and demonstration of likely
ground and air contingencies such as downed aircraft, alternate route or LZ activation,
delays in the PZ, alternate SEAD plan and others suited to a particular mission.
(3) It is critical that air assault security forces from attack or cavalry units
are represented at the rehearsal in order to demonstrate air route de-confliction, fire
control measures, and locations of expected attack by fire positions or battle positions.
Additionally, the AATF S3 and FSO or their designated representatives attend the
rehearsal in order to brief the ground tactical plan and fire support plan. An example
CAR format is in section I of this chapter.
(3) Topics for discussion should include, but are not limited to, route de-
confliction, bump plan execution, execution matrix, and downed aircraft procedures.
Note: Based on the mission timeline, Attack and Cavalry units may be incapable of full
representation at the rehearsal. Often, Attack and Cavalry assets have initiated the
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-6
Chapter 1
1. There are three timelines used in air assault mission planning. Deliberate, Time
Constrained, and Hasty air assault planning. All steps to the air assault mission
planning process apply to all three timelines.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-7
Chapter 1
b. Time Constrained Planning. Recent combat experience has shown that due to
the fluid nature of operations, units have been required to execute air assaults with less
than 96 hours from the time of the operations order. Successful execution of an air
assault under time constrained planning requires both parallel planning by all levels of
command and habitually aligned units. Mission coordination and planning may be
completed by phone, e-mail, and/or collaboration systems with the exception of the
combined OPORD/AMB (see figure 1-3) the timeline below provides a method to
reduce the planning process.
(1) Parallel planning for the air assault begins as soon as the mission is
received with the supporting Aviation Brigade providing LNOs or coordinates through
the BAE to the AATF if they are not already present. Through continual coordination
with the supporting Aviation Brigade, the BAE advises the AATF S3 on any limitations of
aircraft or crew availability that will effect COA development. Once the AATFC has
either provided a directed COA or approved a COA, the BAE immediately begins the
AMCM.
• staging plan
• air movement plan
• landing plan
• attack / cavalry coverage
• cherry / ice criteria
• weather decision
• risk assessment
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-8
Chapter 1
(4) Based on the time available, the AATF XO adjusts the timeline as
required. It is critical for the XO to take into consideration the ability of the supporting
Aviation unit to accomplish its tasks with its fighter management cycle.
c. Hasty Air Assault Planning. Hasty air assaults typically are in response to
time-sensitive intelligence or rapidly changing battlefield conditions and are planned and
executed within one crew cycle. The planning steps are the same however, executed on
a condensed timeline set by the AATFC. Primary method of coordination is via
electronic means (VOIP, SIPRNET, MIRC, etc.). However, it is essential that a face-to-
face meeting addressing the contents of an AMB take place prior to mission execution.
This meeting may occur on the PZ with aircraft shutdown. At a minimum one member
from each aircraft, flight lead, AMC, chalk leaders, S2, and the Ground Tactical
Commander must be present.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-9
Chapter 1
for extraction.
AMCM CHECKLIST
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-10
Chapter 1
26) Communication
a) CAN
b) Internal Frequencies
c) Fires
d) SATCOM
e) GTC/RTO Call signs
f) Aircraft Call signs
27) Command (GTC, AATFC, ATFC, AMC)
28) ISR Requested / Approved
29) CAS Requested / Approved
30) Proposed Timeline (Approval brief, CONOPS to Div, AB, CAR)
Air Mission Commander‘s Initials _________ Infantry Battalion S3 Initials___________
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-11
Chapter 1
AMB CHECKLIST
REFERENCES:
1. SITUATION
3. EXECUTION
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-12
Chapter 1
(3) ATK BN / CO
LIGHT HEAVY
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-13
Chapter 1
(5) Markings
(6) Control
(9) Heading
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-14
Chapter 1
(4) Markings
(5) Control
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-15
Chapter 1
(11) PPC
4. SERVICE SUPPORT
a. Class I
b. Class III/V
(1) Minimum Fuel – per crew brief
(2) Basic Load
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-16
Chapter 1
a. Command
(1) A2C2
(2) AATFC / location
(3) AVN TF AMC / location
(4) ABC / location
(5) Aviation Succession of Command
FINAL QUESTIONS
COMMANDERS COMMENTS
a. Six basic documents form the backbone of the AMB. These are:
(1) The modified air movement table (AMT), which regulates the sequence
of flight operations from PZ to LZ. The Modified AMT combines the tadpole diagram
and air movement table and decreases the amount of products used by commanders
and staff to track the staging through the landing phases of an air assault.
(2) The communications card, an all-in-one summary of call-signs and
nets.
(3) The PZ diagram, which graphically shows the pickup zone. One is
prepared for each PZ.
(4) LZ diagram, which depicts the landing zone. One is prepared for each
primary and alternate LZ. Pilots must have these on their kneeboards.
(5) An operations sketch is provided by each infantry battalion S3 to
describe the scheme of maneuver. Ideally, these sketches are one-half sheet of paper
in size, which is about the size of an aviators‘ knee board. The infantry battalion S3
provides these concept sketches to the aviation S3 at the brigade task force rehearsal.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-17
Chapter 1
These sketches are carried by every pilot to provide situational awareness and counter
the potential for fratricide during close combat operations. These sketches are also
included as enclosures to the AMB.
(6) Route cards for every ingress and egress route on the AASLT.
b. The air assault execution checklist and the mission checklist for air assault
operations, permits brief, informative radio transmissions on crowded nets. An example
execution checklist is included as an eighth document, although it will not be available
at the AMB. A draft checklist will be available at the TF rehearsal, with the final version
distributed before execution.
d. The AATF staff should include fire support coordination measures and a GTP
overlay in the AMB packet.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-18
Chapter 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 8 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
INGRESS
AVN LAND PZ INGRESS EGRESS
LIFT SERIAL CHALK ROUTE TO PZ CHALK 1 CHALK 2 CHALK 3 CHALK 4 T/O TIME RP TIME LZ LZ TIME BUMP PLAN
UNIT TIME ROUTE ROUTE
PZ
INSERTION
1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 4 L
B/2-502 B/2-502 B/2-502 D/2-502 E
5-101 1 1 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4 N/A 02:40:00 ELM 11 11 11 11 03:28:43 03:58:00 SATURN DOVE 04:00:00 SATURN 1-3, 1-4,1-2,1-1 G
(ON CAAF) E
PL / EN PSG / IA CO CDR 1SG N
D
EXTRACTION
2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 3 2 1 4
B/2-502 B/2-502 B/2-502 D/2-502
5-101 2 1 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4 PLUTO 07:00:00 MAPLE 11 11 11 11 07:02:00 07:14:50 PLUTO ELM 07:16:50 N/A 1-3, 1-4,1-2,1-1
(ON CAAF)
PL / EN PSG / IA CO CDR 1SG
L L
E E UNIT
UNIT
G # PAX G # PAX
E E
N LOAD N LOAD
D REMARKS D REMARKS
Figure 1- 6: Modified Air Movement Table
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-19
Chapter 1
Communication Card
CELL PHONE
GSM, IRIDIUM
NET CALL SIGN NET ID CUE FREQ ELEMENT EXPANDER BFT URN THURAYA
DIV FM1 EAGLE 300 85 CDR O6 EAGLE 6 101 555-555-5555
DIV FM2 302 39.25 XO O5 EAGLE 5 101 222-444-3333
BDE CMD RAKKASAN 350 83.45 S1 O1 RAK 01 3-101 111-222-3333
BDE RTS 351 63.95 S2 O2 RAK 02 3-101 666-777-8888
BDE O/I 352 86.3 S3 O3 RAK 03 3-101 222-333-5555
BDE A/L 353 86.8 S3 AIR O3 AIR RAK 03AIR 3-101 999-888-7777
CAN 01 354 83.95 S4 O4 RAK 04 3-101 333-555-7777
PZ CNTRL 355 48.95 S5 O8 RAK 08 3-101 888-999-1111
PZ VHF TX VHF TX 143.2875 CSM/1SG O7 RAK 07 3-101 444-666-2222
PZ VHF RX VHF RX 141.0375 CHEMO 11 RAK 11 3-101 555-888-9999
BDE HF PRI HF 4.52 SIGO O9 RAK 09 3-101 333-222-1111
BDE HF ALT HF 26.5485 TOC MAIN RAK MAIN 3-101 777-444-2222
ABN 01 UNIFORM UHF 232.3 TAC TAC RAK TAC 3-101 444-555-1111
1/187 IN LEADER 500 36.95 ALOC REAR LEADER REAR 1-187 777-333-2222
3/187 IN IRON 416 84.75 ENG 13 IRON 13 3-187 999-999-9999
1-33 CAV WAR 532 60.45 ALO 40 WAR 40 1-33 666-666-5555
3-320 FA REDKNIGHTS 548 63.2 FSO 17 REDKNIGHT 17 3-320 888-000-0000
3 STB RAK SOLID 580 51.45 IMO 14 RAK SOLID 14 3 STB 999-111-8888
626 BSB ASSURGAM 585 55.6 ADO 12 ASSURGAM 12 626 888-999-0000
Note: This commo card can be completed in pen or pencil. Ensure that you leave blank spaces
to add additional subordinate units and frequencies.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-20
Chapter 1
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-21
Chapter 1
9 A
PAX PAX CL
22 V CHK
9
1
P 8
A PAX PAX CL CHK
22
I CL
III
C/3-187 A
V
2
PAX CL
C CL
III
HHC/3-187
JTOC
22
B/1-187
PAX V CHK
3
RESV A/3-187 C/1-187 A/1-187 3-320
K LZ LARK LZ LARK LZ OWL LZ OWL LZ COBRA
- CL
III
PAX CL
III
PAX
CL
CHK
4
U CL PAX CL
III
PAX
V
9 CHK
III
P 9
8
5
Z A
PAX
CL
C/1-
PAX CHK
P 22
A/3-187
III
187 LZ 7
O A C/3-187 PAX TAC/3-187 H20
OWL A/1-187
PAX LZ OWL CHK
A 22 LZ LARK B/3-187
LZ LARK 8
N PAX CL
CHK
L H20 V PAX
9
E PAX PAX CL
CHK
M V PAX
N Y
A
22 RUCK PAX
10
CHK
D A
11
R 22 RUCK PAX CHK
I 12
A A
A 22 B/3-187
LZ LARK
RUCK
C/1-187
PAX
B/1-187
CHK
LZ OWL 13
G PAX
RUCK
TAC/1-187
PAX LZ OWL CHK
R 14
R PAX
RUCK PAX CHK
D 15
A H2O
BUFFALO CHALK CHECK-IN
O
M SUCKCHON
ROAD
Figure 1- 9: Example UH-60 PZ Diagram
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-22
Chapter 1
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-23
Chapter 1
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-24
Chapter 1
ROUTE CARD
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-25
Chapter 1
LINE
EVENT M/X NET FROM TO CODE WORD
#
8+00.00
10 1305.00 INITIAL WEATHER CALL M BDE CMD RAKKASAN TOC ALL
INTEL UPDATE/ FINAL WEATHER
4+00.00
15 CALL (INTEL TENT)
1705.00
3+20.00
20 1745.00 C2 AIRCRAFT ARRIVES AT PZ M CAN2 WARLORD WINGS BAE ADKINSVILLE
3+00.00 TM3 PATHFINDERS AT RP/NFA FOR
25 1805.00 M CAN1 PUNISHER 6 WINGS 6 AKRON
LZ COBRA
3+00.00
30 1805.00 3-101 ATK ON STATION M CAN1 ATTACK 6 RAKKASAN 6 ALBANY
3+00.00
35 1805.00 EH-60 ARRIVES PZ OAK M CAN1 QUICK FIX WINGS 6 ALLENTOWN
2+55.00
40 1810.00 MEDEVAC ARRIVES AT PZ M CAN1 DUST-OFF 44 WINGS 6 ARLINGTON
BDE CMD CAN1
2+53.00
45 CDR‘s COMMUNICATIONS CHECK M ABN, OF 1 RAKKASAN 6 GUIDONS SEE COMMO CARD
1810.00
2+50.00
50 1815.00 PZ POSTURE
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-26
Chapter 1
LINE
EVENT M/X NET FROM TO CODE WORD
#
H–
125 HOUR
2105.00
0+15.00
130 2120.00 BDE TAC ON GROUND M CAN1 RAKKASAN 3 RAKKASAN 6 DECATUR
LIFT 4, SERIAL 1 AT RP
1+49.33 FOR LZ LARK (3-187 IN) (5 COMMANCHERO 13 WINGS 06 / ELKINGTON /
135 M ABN/CAN1
2254.33 XUH60) WINGS 6 RAKKASAN 6 LARK
LIFT 4, SERIAL 2 AT RP
1+53.33 COMMANCHERO 23 WINGS 06 /
140 FOR LZ LARK (3-187 IN) (5 X M ABN/CAN1 ELMIRA / LARK
2258.33 WINGS 6 RAKKASAN 6
UH60)
LIFT 5, SERIAL 1 AT SP FOR
2+28.55 COMMANCHERO 13 WINGS 06 /
145 LZ LARK ( 3-187 IN ) (5 X M ABN/CAN1 FLAGSTAFF
2333.55 WINGS 6 RAKKASAN 6
UH60)
LIFT 5, SERIAL 2 AT SP FOR
2+32.55 LZ LARK ( 3-187 IN ) (5 X COMMANCHERO 23 WINGS O6 /
150 M ABN/CAN1 FRESNO
2337.55 UH60) WINGS 6 RAKKASAN 6
LIFT 5, SERIAL 1 AT RP
2+36.56 FOR LZ LARK (3-187 IN) (5 X COMMANCHERO 13 WINGS 06 / FRANFORT /
155 M ABNCAN1
2341.56 UH60) WINGS 6 RAKKASAN 6 LARK
LIFT 5, SERIAL 2 AT RP
2+40.56 COMMANCHERO 23 WINGS 06 /
160 FOR LZ LARK (3-187 IN) (5 X M ABN/CAN1 GRANT / LARK
2345.56 WINGS 6 RAKKASAN 6
UH60)
3+05.00 RAKKASAN TOC WINGS 06 / GRAND
162 0010.00 CAS DEPARTS STATION M ABN/CAN1 RAKKASAN 6 RAPIDS
4+00.00 MEDEVAC ROZ DUST-OFF 44 / WINGS 06 /
165 M CAN1 GREELY
0105.00 RESTABLISHED WINGS 6 RAKKASAN6
170 EVENT SITREP ON LZ LARK M CAN1 IRON 6 RAKKASAN 6
205 EVENT 3-101 ATK OFF STATION M CAN1 ATTACK 6 RAKKASAN 6 JACKSON
INITIAL 4
210 EVENT MEDEVAC REQUEST X CAN1 WINGS 6
LINES
220 EVENT SWITCH TO BDE CMD NET M CAN1 RAKKASAN 6 ALL HOLLYWOOD
3O MINUTE DELAY IN H-
225 EVENT X CAN1 RAKKASAN 6 ALL COYOTE + 30
HOUR
45 MINUTE DELAY IN H-
230 EVENT X CAN1 RAKKASAN 6 ALL COYOTE + 45
HOUR
WENTWORTH+
FRUSTRATED CHALK LIFT+SERIAL+
235 EVENT X CAN1 PZ CONTROL RAKKASAN 6
DEPARTS PZ OAK CHALK
Figure 1- 13: Air Assault Execution Checklist
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-27
Chapter 1
1. On smaller-scale air assaults brevity codes may be omitted and full calls of the
events may be used: for example ―You, this is me, Lift 1 RP for LZ OWL‖.
2. On larger assaults, the commander may decide to have calls made only by
exception, meaning the calls are only made if a task will not be executed on time.
3. Code words are queried by line number; For example ―You, this is me, provide status
of line 120.‖
0) Task Organization
1) Intel Overview
o Target Intelligence
o Enemy Set (EMLCOA, EMDCOA)
o Weather
o ISR Plan
2) Mission
3) Execution
a) Staging Plan
o Location of PZs and Units
o PZ C2
b) Loading Plan
o Sequence (Macro)
o # / Type / status of Aircraft per unit
c) Air Movement Plan
o Routes (ingress and egress)
o ROZs & Coordinating Altitude
o General Air Movement Table (Lifts and Serials per unit)
o Escort
o SEAD
o Spares and bump plan (Macro)
d) Landing Plan
o LZs Primary and Alternate
o Landing Formation / direction and departures
o Cherry / Ice call procedures
o Fires (indirect / aerial, Pre-assault and on-call, Illum/Smoke, electronic)
o Abort Criteria (Minimum Force Requirements)
o Laager Plan
e) Ground Tactical Plan (general only)
o Graphic Control Measures (Include orbits & go-arounds, ABF
positions, mortar/FA positions, gun target lines, and sectors of fire)
o Task and Purpose by unit
4) Logistics
o FARP/JUMP FARP plan
o CASEVAC/MEDEVAC plan
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-28
Chapter 1
o Resupply plan
o DART / Maintenance plan
Time Hack
Roll Call (AASLT TF XO)
AASLT TF Reps Aviation TF Reps BCT Representatives
CDR/CSM CDR (AMC) CDR/CSM
XO AVN TF S3 ALO
S3 ASLT FLT LEAD FSCOORD
S3 Planner SWT/AWT OIC SWO
FSO AVN LNO PAO
BTL CPT AVN Planner/TACOPS
JTAC MEDEVAC Representative
CO CDRs/1SGs DART Representative
Interpreters / FSF Units
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-29
Chapter 1
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-30
Chapter 1
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-31
Chapter 1
LZ is Cherry
Time Delay (Any of the following: HAF, R/W CAS, F/W CAS, GAC
delayed enroute)
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-32
Chapter 1
Aircraft Damaged/Downed on LZ
Go Arounds
Contact During Landing
Contact in LZ after aircraft departure
ARF Actions (if utilized)
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-33
Chapter 1
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-34
Chapter 1
By Exception
(S1) Personnel Operations
(S5) CMO Operations
(S6) Cross BCT Net Utilization
(S3) - Consequence Management
- BN Disposition at the end of the OPN
-Safety & Risk Management
- Timeline Adjustments
- S3 Closing Comments
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-35
Chapter 1
2. Abort criteria are a change of one or more conditions which seriously threatens
mission success. As such, they are CCIR relating to any ongoing air assault operation
and require command consideration regarding mission continuation. It is important that
the AMB clearly defines abort criteria and that the AATFC monitor them throughout
conduct of the operation.
a. Weather. Adverse weather conditions make flying unsafe and degrade the
effectiveness of the helicopters organic weapon systems. Ambient temperature
conditions also must be favorable for AH-64 aircraft (IR crossover should be a
consideration when planning the mission). AR 95-1 sets the minimum weather
conditions, stated as a ceiling and visibility, for certain types of helicopter missions over
certain types of terrain. Weather conditions must be at or above minimums for the entire
time that aircraft are flying, and over the entire area in which they will operate, unless
waived by the CG due to criticality of a specific combat operation.
b. Aircraft available. The ground tactical plan (GTP) for an air assault operation
depends on the rapid massing of combat power at the critical place and time by
helicopters. Aviation battalions set standard FMC rates for planning purposes. If actual
FMC rates fall below the planning figure, the AATF will not be able to build its combat
power as quickly as planned. Abort criteria, in terms of aircraft, are set to inform the
AATFC when desired combat power may not be achieved.
c. Time. This refers most particularly to light and darkness. The 101st Airborne
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-36
Chapter 1
Division (Air Assault) gains a significant advantage over most military forces in the world
by operating at night. Unsophisticated air defense systems rely on visual target tracking
and acquisition. Also, some types of combat power, like AC-130 gunship support, are
vulnerable during daylight hours. Abort criteria in terms of take-off times are set to
ensure that the aircraft are in hostile territory under the cover of darkness. Abort criteria
are also made to prevent long delays, which lead to increased fatigue in soldiers.
d. Mission essential combat power. Air assault mission planners use doctrine and
experience to determine the minimum combat power including infantry, artillery, and
attack helicopters, as well as other assets, necessary to ensure mission success. Abort
criteria are used to ensure that friendly forces have the required combat ratio for the
operation.
e. Mission criticality. BCT Air assault operations are often conducted as part of a
Division, JFLCC, or JTF attack. The success of other units and future operations may
depend on the seizing of the air assault objective. Therefore some air assault
operations may proceed despite the presence of circumstances that would normally
abort the mission.
f. Enemy. Certain types of enemy activity, especially along flight routes or in the
vicinity of LZs or objectives, may abort an air assault mission. Abort criteria are usually
stated in terms of the size or type of an enemy unit, the type of enemy equipment,
especially air defense, and the proximity of the enemy to present or future friendly
locations.
g. Given a continued advantage of using the primary LZ over the alternate, delay
(enroute or at PZ) is preferable to diverting. The AATFC must evaluate the risk of such
a delay in light of time, fuel, enemy, and other METT-TC considerations. If an abort
criterion is ―met‖, a decision sequence is used prior to aborting the mission.
(2) Divert. If time is not available or a delay will not correct an abort
criteria, the task force may execute a divert contingency. Examples are to use alternate
flight routes, LZs, or objectives
(2) Mission. A mission is aborted when an abort criterion exists for the
entire mission, and the AATFC decides to abort.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-37
Chapter 1
1. Conditions are set for all air assault operations. Condition setting includes both lethal
and non-lethal systems against enemy forces and systems that can affect the air
assaulting force. Normally three days are allocated for condition setting, however, the
threat and our ability to assess the impact of condition setting determines the duration.
The purpose of condition setting is to limit and or mitigate the risk to an acceptable level
for the Division Commander and subordinate commanders.
3. Condition setting is a process that spans echelons from joint theater intelligence
assets to an Apache team. All levels of command are involved in setting conditions. It
follows the targeting process of deciding, detecting, delivering, and assessing. In this
iterative process of setting conditions, unacceptable risks can be negated until final
conditions are acceptable to launch the air assault.
4. The exact conditions to be set are determined by METT-TC, as is the degree of risk
the commander is willing to accept with regard to each condition. Start with a standard
checklist as we plan and apply forces to determine what we know and how our actions
are affecting the equation. When setting conditions, here are four ideas to keep in mind:
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-38
Chapter 1
a. This is truly an art, not a science. Don‘t mistake the orderly process of
calculations and routes for certainty. Professional judgment must be applied.
b. Following the checklist does not equal setting conditions. Once knowns and
unknowns are determined, actions must be taken. The checklist is used as a periodic
evaluation tool, not as a one-time ―GO/NO GO‖ drill.
c. Battle damage assessment (BDA) of enemy forces and capabilities is not
easy. In weighing the validity of BDA projections, it is important to balance confirmed
intelligence against friendly combat power applied. More combat power is usually a
good hedge against uncertain BDA. In the end, BDA is too important to leave to the
S2/G2 community alone; it must be the Commander‘s call.
d. Each mission into hostile airspace is planned and resourced as a combined arms
combat operation.
5. Conditions Checklist
b. For a BCT air assault, there is a series of Division conditions checks as the
preliminary operations continue, and a supporting series of BCT conditions checks.
These are held in command posts. All Warfighting Functions (WFF) staff principals
participate. Brigade and division LNOs attend each other‘s conditions checks, when
possible in person, but by VTC or conference call when necessary.
c. The final conditions check is held near the Air Assault Task Force‘s PZ control
CP. It always includes a review of the latest friendly, terrain and weather, and enemy
situations.
d. The standard conditions check slide set depicts the conditions that must be
considered and evaluated if applicable in order to launch an air assault. A No-Go
condition indicates a situation that places the mission at an extremely higher potential of
failure or an excessive risk to soldiers‘ lives and equipment. Based on METT-TC, other
conditions should be added that have significant impact on the mission.
Weather
Warfighting Functions Check (detailed checklist on next 3 pages)
Intelligence
Movement and Maneuver
Fires
Protection
Sustainment
Command and Control
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-39
Chapter 1
Intelligence: (G2/S2)
Current weather and light data for AASLT / CAS
Post Air Assault weather
Suitability of LZs
Enemy C2W capabilities identified
Enemy indirect fire in range of Primary & Alternate LZs
Enemy direct fire in range of Primary & Alternate LZs
Enemy Wheel, Mechanized, or Armor force able to influence primary or alternate
LZs
BDA Confidence Level (focus on ADA and other key weapons)
Eyes on key NAIs with communications to sensor
Division priority of higher collection effort
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-40
Chapter 1
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-41
Chapter 1
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 1-42
Chapter 2
Ground Tactical Operations
SECTION A: ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES:
1. Ground Tactical Commander (GTC): In accordance with doctrine, TTPs, and METT-
TC, the GTC determines his ground tactical plan. The plan includes the following
components:
a. Mission objectives
c. Task Organization
j. Landing formations
k. Off-loading procedures
2. Brigade Aviation Element (BAE)/Brigade Aviation Officer (BAO): The BAE/BAO will
play an integral role during the entire Military Decision Making Process (MDMP). The
role of the BAE/BAO is, but not limited to:
b. Communication link to respective LNOs on the ground tactical plan and BCT
mission.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 2-1
Chapter 2
1. Primary: VoIP/VoSIP
2. Alternate: SIPRNET/NIPRNET
3. Contingency: TACSAT/HF/FM
4. Emergency: Cell Phone/Iridium Phone
3. Air Mission Commander (AMC): The Air Mission Commander is the senior flight
commander designated by the Aviation Brigade or Aviation Task Force Commander.
The AMC is responsible for the following information:
1. General. METT-TC dependant, the AATFC will normally employ a form of the inner
ring – outer ring concept during an air assault. Using this concept enables the Ground
Tactical Commander to focus on his objective while directing Aviation or Aviation and
other ground elements to provide security for the main effort by establishing an outer
ring. The AATFC may phase the operation so that the sizes of the inner and outer rings
expand as the objective is seized and/or additional combat power arrives in the AO.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 2-2
Chapter 2
2. Employment Considerations.
a. Use of attack Aviation and air cavalry. If the AATF is task organized with both
attack Aviation and air cavalry assets, the AATFC should consider the specific
capabilities and limitations of each type of airframe in determining which mission they
should give to each unit.
(1) Complex urban terrain. In complex urban terrain, the air cavalry is
generally better suited to perform the inner ring operations in an OPCON relationship to
the GTC. This technique takes advantage of the OH-58‘s better visibility and smaller
signature. AH-64s are then used as the outer ring (outside the urban area) which takes
advantage of their firepower and airspeed to destroy any enemy forces from either
entering or departing the inner ring.
(2) Open terrain. In generally open terrain, AH-64s are typically better
suited to perform the inner ring operations in an OPCON role to the GTC. This
technique takes advantage of the AH-64‘s firepower in providing close combat attacks
in support of the ground force. The air cavalry can provide the outer ring security with a
screen mission to identify (and destroy within their capability) any enemy forces from
entering or departing the inner ring.
(1) Due to its habitual training relationship, the air cavalry squadron is
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 2-3
Chapter 2
ideal to work in conjunction with RSTA units if the RSTA unit is given the responsibility
of the outer ring or a portion thereof.
(2) This relationship is mutually supporting and also provides the AATFC
assurance of 24/7 coverage of the outer ring regardless of weather or aircraft
availability.
c. Inner and Outer Ring Dimensions. Although still METT-TC dependant, the
outer ring should be established at a minimum distance from the inner ring so as not to
allow any direct or observed indirect fire against forces in the inner ring.
1. General.
a. When used in conjunction with ground forces, fires from AH-64s and OH-58s
provide tremendous advantages to the ground force in contact. The Division uses CCA
procedures to ensure that these Aviation fires destroy the enemy with minimal risk to
friendly forces.
a. OIF and OEF present different challenges in the effective and successful
communication between ground elements and Aviation. For example, many CCA
missions in OEF are not executed as target acquisitions during a Troops-In-Contact
(TIC) event, but as target development during an operation. In OIF, troop density
required increased situational awareness at BN and BCT level, while in OEF pilots
normally talk directly to On Scene Commanders (OSC) due to larger areas of operation.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 2-4
Chapter 2
CHECK-IN
AIRCRAFT GROUND FORCE
Call sign (# of A/C and Type) ROZ / Gun Status (Including active
Ravens) / NFAs
Position Enemy Situation (Past 1 hour)
Destination Friendly Situation (include all ground unit
patrol locations and activity and other A/C)
Request / Remarks Task and Purpose for aircraft (NAIs and
indicators / zones)
Handover Information (Unit call sign,
location, frequency of Co/Plt/Ptrl)
CCA
AIRCRAFT GROUND FORCE
Call Sign (# of A/C / Type / Location / Observer Call sign / WARNO
Ordnance / Station Time)
Request / Remarks Friendly Composition / Location / Markings
Target Location / Activity (SALT format)
Target Description / Marking Method
Remarks (restrictions / NFA / buildings /
civilians, etc)
Figure 2- 2: Air to Ground Communication
3. CCA requests.
a. Any element in contact can request support from attack or cavalry aircraft by
transmitting ―request CCA‖ through their higher headquarters on their internal command
net. The request is forwarded through command channels until it reaches the AATFC
or controlling headquarters on CMD/CAN1. This process allows the AATFC or
controlling headquarters to allocate limited attack/cavalry assets to the element in the
greatest need of support. Should this process fail, the unit in contact with the authority
to clear fires in the affected battlespace may request CCA directly to the aviation
element.
b. The diagram below shows the general request procedure. Regardless of the
type of unit in contact or the responding Aviation element, the procedure remains the
same.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 2-5
Chapter 2
d. Upon establishing contact, the Aviation element will transmit to the ground
commander the number and type aircraft in the flight, number and type ordnance on
board, and amount of station time available to the supported unit. It is important that the
ground unit in contact (the one that has visual sight of the enemy and can best mark the
target) is in communication with the aircraft (this may be a squad, platoon, company or
battalion) and passes a situation update to the aviation element.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 2-6
Chapter 2
weapons utilized by enemy forces will affect how the supporting aircraft will execute
their CCAs (e.g. small arms vs. RPG ranges)
e. Once aircraft are on station, the rapid and accurate marking of a target is
essential to a positive target handover. Aircraft conducting CCAs normally rely on a
high rate of speed and low altitude for survivability in the target area. Due to these
factors, the aircrew will generally only have an extremely limited amount of time to
acquire both the friendly and enemy marks. It is essential that the ground unit have the
marking ready and turned on when requested by the aircrew. Remember that the
AH-64 uses both thermal sight and NVG‘s to fly with and acquire targets, and OH-58
aircrews use NVGs to fly with as well as acquire targets. The table shown below lists
some methods to best mark locations:
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 2-7
Chapter 2
f. After initially engaging the target, if a re-attack is required, the aircrew generally
approaches from a different angle for survivability reasons. Adjustments are made by
the observer utilizing the eight cardinal directions and distance (meters) in relation to the
last round(s) impacts and the actual target (e.g. – ―from last rounds North 300 meters‖).
g. At the conclusion of the CCA, the aircrew provides their best estimate of BDA
to the unit in contact.
a. Elements of CCA Call for Fire. Similar to an indirect Call for Fire, the Aviation
element will repeat each element of CCA Call for Fire to ensure clarity.
• 4th Transmission: Target description / Marking method (IR Pointer, Tracer, etc)
b. For mutual protection and clarity on the appropriate target, the ground unit will
not mark the target until requested to do so by the aviation element. This in no way
restricts the ground unit from returning fire from the enemy, but the ground unit should
remember that if they plan on marking the target with fire, the aircrews may not be able
to distinguish the correct target from other fires. If marked by fire, the Aviation element
also requests the ground unit to stop mark. The Aviation element additionally calls
when they are clear of the area and estimated BDA. Ground units should have multiple
means of marking their position.
c. Additionally, the Aviation element needs to know the location of all friendly
elements in the area. The Aviation element tailors its attack angles and weapons
selections based upon the target and friendly unit proximity to the target: e.g. that
provides the necessary information to the aircrew: ―My location is AB123456, marked by
IR. There are no friendly units North of my position”. This allows the Aviation element to
fire from roughly a 180° arc to the North without risking fratricide. The bottom line being
that the CCA cannot be conducted without positive identification of friendly and enemy
forces by both the ground and aviation commander prior to the AH-64s/OH-58s opening
fire.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 2-8
Chapter 2
5. CCA Call for Fire Example 5 Transmissions (5th transmission includes ―Remarks‖ and
is included as required)
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 2-9
Chapter 3
LANDING PLAN (LZ OPERATIONS)
SECTION A: ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
c. In flight, the chalk leader will monitor the aircrew radio net using a headset
provided by the aircrew (primary) or a ceiling handset (alternate); he will pass updates
and time warnings to his soldiers to ensure situational awareness.
d. Upon exit, the chalk leader will verify his location and direction of movement by
means of compass or global positioning system (GPS) and map.
a. The air crew will ensure the chalk leader is given a working headset (primary)
or handset (alternate) in order to receive updates while in flight. The 101st Division
standard is a headset as the aircraft cabin is usually too noisy for the handset to be
effective.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 3-1
Chapter 3
b. The air crew will pass the following information to the chalk leader:
(1) Time when through the start point (SP).
(3) Time when crossing the release point (RP) (workload permitting).
(4) Upon landing or on final approach, the aircrew will pass via handset
any changes to the landing plan from what was briefed at the AMB to include grid and
land heading.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 3-2
Chapter 3
1. The Ground Tactical Commander's (GTC‘s) plan drives the landing plan. In general
there are two types of landing plans: away from the objective, or on the objective.
(6) Intent: The intent is to arrive at the LZ prepared to move out quickly
with tactical integrity, to ensure rapid advance toward the objective and maximum force
protection.
2. Number of LZs. A large number of LZs for a brigade air assault increases risk and
complexity of the operation. Whether away from or on the objective, brigades should
plan for one primary LZ and one alternate LZ per maneuver battalion. This results in six
different LZs for planning at the brigade level. LZs should all have different names and
associated grids to avoid confusion. Keep in mind, a greater number of planned LZs
increase the difficulty of setting conditions at each LZ prior to landing. Only in a
permissive environment, low-level conflict, if sufficient assets are available to set the
conditions at each LZ, or after careful analysis of the METT-TC situation should the
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 3-3
Chapter 3
AATFC plan for more than 1 primary and one alternate LZ per maneuver battalion.
3. At each of the battalion LZs, forces must land ready to fight. Organize on the PZ, not
the LZ. :
c. Provide inbound guidance (radio and visual); use pathfinders for enroute
guidance (at the release point) or on the LZ for terminal guidance. Pathfinder qualified
soldiers from the assault force lead serial may also be used for terminal guidance for
subsequent serials inbound to LZ.
e. Land UH-60s at least 30m and CH-47s at least 35m out from the right or left
tree line; this is critical to the deconfliction of fires and flight routing.
* Note: The term tree line will be used throughout the book to refer to the area providing
the best cover and concealment, which is a safe rushing distance from the aircraft. This
area may be an actual tree line, building, revetment or other terrain feature.
f. Land plus or minus 50 meters from the GTC‘s intended landing point (As per
AMB).
g. Land plus or minus 30 seconds from the air movement table touchdown
time.
i. Ground forces exit one or both doors, or ramp for CH-47 (METT-TC
dependent).
k. Ground forces in the tree line within 1 minute or less (after serial takeoff).
Note: Increase LZ size, as required, if serial time intervals are short between sling loads
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 3-4
Chapter 3
to allow loads to clear LZ. If the ground unit cannot move a load off the LZ quickly,
subsequent serials/aircraft into LZ must maneuver to avoid loads.
4. The sequencing of forces into the LZ is critical. Each serial must be ready to execute
at either the primary or alternate LZ.
5. Planning the landing zone. Landing is the critical moment in any air assault.
50m
30m
50m
6. Exiting Aircraft: The assault force has the option to go left, right, or out both doors,
and the ramp on CH-47s. Whichever sides are planned, touchdown points, troop door
exit, troop movement, aircraft door gunnery, and supporting fires are tied to that
decision. Switching to the other side on the fly (an audible) can only occur with assured
communications and before aircraft cross the Release Point (RP). This must be relayed
to all chalk leaders.
7. Approach end: That portion of the LZ closest to the flight route RP.
8. Departure end: That portion of the LZ farthest from the flight route RP. Aircraft
eggressing depart the LZ over the departure end.
Ground forces land ready to fight, with the integrated support of attack aviation
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 3-5
Chapter 3
and indirect fires. Supporting fires, direct or indirect, are directed and cleared on the LZ
st
by the GTC. The 101 Division‘s TTPs for fire and maneuver after landing:
a. The GTC clears all ground, air, and indirect fires inside the Air Head Line.
b. Door gunners in assault aircraft fire only at the base of the tree line to avoid
fratricide of overwatching gunships.
c. As long as the air assault continues, attack aviation works for the AATFC. An
attack aviation battalion is normally placed in direct support of the GTC for air assault
security and Close Combat Attack (CCA) within the Air Head Line. The GTC passes
control of attack aviation aircraft to subordinate commanders for CCA. Once the threat
is eliminated, attack A/C are passed back to the GTC‘s control. Only a GTC can clear
Apache/Kiowa fires into the tree line being assaulted by friendly forces. See Chapter 6
for more on attack aviation.
d. Indirect fires on the tree line being assaulted by friendly forces are always
treated as ―danger close.‖ (In other words, in a right door exit, a fire mission into the
right tree line would be ―danger close.‖)
e. Know the locations (NFAs) of all friendly forces in the area (i.e. BN Scouts,
RSTA SCTs, Pathfinders, SOF, etc…)
1. As discussed in Chapter 1, LZ updates occur just prior and/or during the air
movement. Apache or Kiowa Warrior aircraft shift to an LZ overwatch mission as
Assault aircraft conduct the air movement. Attack assets will provide an LZ update with
a ―Cherry/Ice‖ call. This call lets the AATFC, GTC, and AMC know the status of the LZ.
If enemy activity is occurring on the LZ, then the LZ is considered ―Cherry.‖ If no enemy
activity is observed, then the LZ is considered ―Ice‖.
2. If the LZ is Cherry, then the overwatch attack aviation and/or air cavalry will provide a
SITREP consisting of enemy activity, what their actions are towards the enemy, an
estimation of how to achieve an ―Ice status‖, and/or recommendation for use of the
alternate LZ.
3. The requirement for a ―Cherry/Ice‖ call is METT-TC based on the need to preserve
surprise on the objective.
4. Fixed wing aircraft can be added to make the ―Cherry/Ice‖ call when assets are
available. As long as lift aircraft or attack aviation possess UHF or VHF capabilities,
fixed wing aircraft can relay the call directly to the AATFC. If these capabilities are not
present, fixed wing aircraft can relay the call to the JTAC RTO located with the AATFC.
The plan must account for the time it will take to relay the call to all parties. UAS
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 3-6
Chapter 3
platforms may be utilized to make the ―Cherry/Ice‖ call based on the AATFC
assessment of risk and METT-TC.
5. The ―Cherry/Ice‖ call should be made at the start of the air movement and 2 minutes
out from the release point. The manner in which attack aviation conducts its ―Cherry/Ice‖
call should not give away the exact location of the LZ.
The decision to use an alternate LZ rests with the AATFC based on the
recommendation of attack aviation and / or air cavalry report. As part of the mission
analysis and rehearsal process, aircrews will have rehearsed the air movement and
execution of using an alternate LZ.
1. Offload Procedures
a. Offload Techniques:
• Two-sided offload
• One-sided offload
b. There are four primary techniques used to offload an aircraft:
Normally, the lead unit(s) in the LZ have responsibility to CLEAR the LZ in order
to support follow-on light and heavy lifts. This is accomplished using a number of
different techniques. However, the most common is to assign assault objectives that
require subordinate units to move through an area to clear enemy forces prior to
reaching their assault objective or rally point. The technique used is entirely METT-TC
dependent. Moreover, the separation between serials and the number of serials that
can fit into the LZ at one time are critical planning consideration when determining the
offloading techniques.
2. Two-Sided Offload. Soldiers exit both doors of the aircraft. Soldiers either move
five meters out from the aircraft, and drop to a prone fighting position until the
aircraft lift to depart the LZ or the fire teams move directly to the nearest tree line or
rally point.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 3-7
Chapter 3
AMC Pilot
5m Door Crew 5m
Gnr Chief
5 5
CL 5 5
4 4
4 2 2 4
2 2
CL
3 1 1 3
1 1
3 3
3. One-Sided Offload. Soldiers exit from one door of the aircraft. Soldiers either move
five meters out from the aircraft, and drop to a prone fighting position until the aircraft lift
to depart the LZ or the chalk moves directly to the nearest tree line. Figure 3-4
AMC Pilot
5m
Door Crew
Gnr Chief
5
5
4 CL 5 5
2
4 2 2 4
2
4
CL 3 1 1 3
1
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 3-8
Chapter 3
assault security AH-64s. The AATFC decides to continue the mission into the primary
LZ. Door gunners continuously scan assigned sectors with pre-planned RFLs to support
ground unit. The interval between serials is 2 minutes.
b. Soldiers move immediately from the aircraft to the tree line in wedge formation.
Chalks assemble at rally point and then move to assault objectives on the LZ or to
objective off the LZ. This is the preferred method to use when touchdown points are
near a wood line and enemy contact is not expected.
c. Advantages: Moves unit off danger area fast, facilitates control, less vulnerable
to indirect fires, maintains momentum, establishes zones of responsibility on LZ,
minimizes aircraft cross-loading plans, allows follow-on serials door gunners to engage
targets on the far side tree line, clears the LZ quickly for follow-on lifts.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 3-9
Chapter 3
a. Aircraft load plan options include splitting squads across two chalks so each
team exits the same door or each chalk is a pure squad and all even numbered chalks
exit right door while odd number chalks exit left door. The aircraft landing formation can
help facilitate the unit in rapidly clearing soldiers off the LZ.
b. Soldiers move immediately from the aircraft to the tree line in wedge formation.
Chalks assemble at rally point and then move to assault objectives on the LZ or to
objective off the LZ.
c. Advantages: Moves unit off danger area fastest, facilitate clearing/securing LZ,
facilitates fire control measures (zones) on LZ, less vulnerable to indirect fires,
maintains momentum, establishes zones of responsibility on LZ, and clears the LZ
quickly for follow-on lifts.
d. Disadvantages: More complex to plan and C2, more complex aircraft cross-
loading plan, unit vulnerable to direct fire weapons while moving off LZ, masks fires of
supporting attack Aviation once in wood line, possible contact with rotor blades.
e. Figure 3-6 depicts TECHNIQUE #2: TWO-SIDED LZ RUSH (Cross Load Plan
on each chalk). Figure 3-7 depicts TECHNIQUE #2: TWO-SIDED LZ RUSH (Cross
Load Plan within serial).
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 3-10
Chapter 3
a. Soldiers exit the left side door of the aircraft, move ten meters out from the
helicopter, and assume a prone fighting position with weapons oriented outward. Once
the aircraft lift to depart the LZ, teams and squads pickup a wedge formation and move
to unit rally points or assault objectives. This is the preferred method to use when
exiting single door and touchdown points are in large open area or in a desert
environment.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 3-11
Chapter 3
a. Soldiers exit both doors, move ten meters out from the helicopter, and assume
a prone fighting position with weapons oriented outward. Once aircraft lift to depart the
LZ, teams and squads pickup a wedge formation and move to unit rally points or assault
objectives. This is the preferred method to use when exiting both doors and touchdown
points are in large open area or in a desert environment. Cross load options allow for
pure unit integrity of chalks or mixed loads to support moving to opposite sides of large
PZ. Cross load planning considerations support command and control initially required
on the LZ and follow-on lifts into the LZ.
b. Advantages: Quick offload, contact with rotor blades less likely, leaders able to
assess the situation and make decisions, simplifies command and control, and
establishes zones of responsibility on LZ.
c. Disadvantages: Slower movement time off the LZ may masks both door
gunner fires, and unit is vulnerable to indirect fire.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 3-12
Chapter 3
SERIALS 1, LIFT #1
Figure 3- 10: TWO-SIDED OFFLOAD/PRONE (Cross Load Plan within serial and lift)
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 3-13
Chapter 3
1. Once crews are offloaded, they will move off the LZ to prevent interfering with follow-
on serials. The standards referenced in Chapter 3, Section B apply to all single or dual
point and shotgun loads.
2. Crews will place into operation all radios and weapon systems quickly and quietly
prior to movement off the LZ.
3. Complete de-rigging of sling sets is done in unit assembly areas prior to movement to
blocking positions or movement to objective area.
4. Performance Measures:
a. Section exits the aircraft and moves immediately to their vehicles.
b. Section posts security.
c. Section removes CGU straps from the front/rear of the vehicles, as required.
d. Section removes front sling legs from one of the vehicles, as required.
e. Section removes rear sling legs from the other vehicle, as required.
f. Crew unties steering wheel and hand brake.
g. Crew mounts antenna.*
h. Crew unsecures ring mount hatch cover.*
i. Crew mounts automatic weapon.*
j. Section begins movement to vehicle rally point/ assembly area.
1. The following acronym (STRIKE) will be used as a guide for reacting to a Hot LZ:
This can happen on any air assault. Our reaction is a battle drill, based on the overall
mission profile. Rehearse it. Be ready for it.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 3-14
Chapter 3
a. Enemy actions. There are four types of enemy activity that can be employed to
oppose landing operations. The enemy may employ a combination of these activities.
(1) Near Ambush: enemy force within grenade range (35 meters) of the
LZ.
(3) Indirect fire: delivered by distant mortars, FA, or rockets, but directed
by an enemy OP that can see the LZ.
b. Friendly actions. There are five basic options: divert to the alternate LZ; fight
through, abort remaining serials; slow airspeeds to delay serials, and racetrack serials.
During the racetrack option, all serials will orbit at their current position. Once the
conditions are set at the LZ, the air assault will resume in the order outlined in the Air
movement table. The racetrack option is high risk and the Air Mission Commander
(AMC) will determine whether there is enough fuel, spacing and time between serials to
conduct this option. The AATFC makes the final decision on all options involving a ―Hot
LZ‖. The AMC and GTC execute.
c. In general, ground forces landing away from the objective can more readily
divert to the alternate LZ. When landing on the objective, forces normally apply combat
power and fight through.
d. In both cases, it is important that primary and alternate LZs are mutually
supporting, to permit the AATFC to shift the main effort.
a. In this case, fighting for the LZ is not important. If the AATFC decides to divert
the air assault to the alternate LZ, the extraction of the force at the hot LZ becomes a
supporting effort while the main effort diverts to the alternate LZ. If the alternate LZ is
Hot too, the AATFC then chooses which LZ to fight through as his main effort.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 3-15
Chapter 3
Mines/obstacles • Divert remaining • Divert all landings until • Move off LZ and
serials to alternate LZ LZ is clear again continue mission
• Support main effort
Figure 3- 11: Hot LZ: Landing away from the objective
a. In this case, fighting for control of the hot LZ is important. The LZ is the
objective. Continuing the assault takes priority. The force at the Hot LZ becomes a
supporting effort to fix the enemy while the main effort lands at an alternate LZ and
fights through to the objective.
b. A force that faces a near ambush becomes the fixing force to allow time for the
main effort to execute its assault from the alternate LZ. If the alternate LZ is Hot too, the
AATFC then chooses which LZ to designate as his main effort. Given the overall
mission, breaking contact or extraction is not likely for forces caught on a Hot LZ. In
cases other than a near ambush, the AATFC will normally fight through without diverting
serials to the alternate LZ.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 3-16
Chapter 3
(1) Soldiers with heavy loads (RTOs, mortar crewmen, etc.) take positions
(seats in training) in the middle of UH-60s to facilitate exit from either door.
(3) Plan to consolidate and then redistribute mortar rounds on the LZ.
(4) All platoon leaders and above "shoot" GPS grid location immediately
upon landing.
d. Fire Support:
(1) Mortars prepared for "hip shoot" upon arrival in LZ. De-conflict round
trajectory with flight routes during mission planning/AMB.
(2) Prepare LZ with indirect fires and AH-64 fires if no friendly forces
(Pathfinders, RSTA Scouts or BN Scouts) are in the area.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 3-17
Chapter 3
(3) All elements understand communications nets and call signs, and the
capability of each to monitor or switch to different nets.
(4) Platoons must have day and night (IR and thermal) marking and fire
direction capability. Day markings include VS-17 panel, and smoke. Night markings
include chemlights, strobe lights (with IR cover), flares, glint tape, reverse polarity tape,
MRE heaters. Fire control measures include PEQ-2 / PEQ-15 and GCP1A/B at night
and 40mm smoke and illumination rounds for day or night.
(5) Fire control plan must integrate ground fires, AH 64 fires, door
gunners, and indirect assets. Ground commander in the LZ (designated by the AATF
Cdr) controls and clears all fires within the boundary of the airhead.
(6) Units mark their own positions as known "TRPs" and adjust fires using
polar plots (distance and direction from the known location/TRP).
2. The unit encounters enemy fire or denial measures while landing; unit in contact
reacts to the enemy.
3. The ground commander orders actions that neutralize or destroy the enemy threat.
4. The unit moves off the LZ to objectives within 10 minutes of landing with a minimum
of 75 percent of all personnel and equipment (or the minimum force required as stated
in the OPORD).
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 3-18
Chapter 3
1. In addition to standard planning, the unit addresses the following items during the air
mission brief (AMB):
a. Integration and fire control of direct and indirect fire assets (UH-60, AH-64,
Mortars, and Artillery) through LZ engagement area management. Mission specific
techniques will be IAW standards for fire control subtask (subtask #9). NO
ILLUMINATION ROUNDS USED ON LZ.
2. Upon landing, the initial serial encounters passive denial measures (minefields).
e. Unit proofs, clears, and marks the lane, and makes recommendation to the
AATFC to land subsequent serials on the LZ or move to an alternate LZ.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 3-19
Chapter 3
b. If alternate route not available, unit proofs, clears, and marks the lane. AH-64
support cannot be used to help clear the lane if friendly forces already off the LZ are
inside the surface danger zone of the aerial fires.
a. Unit moves out of the impact area a designated (SOP, IAW OPORD/FRAGO,
or as directed on the ground by unit commander) distance and direction.
e. If ground commander unable to move unit out of impact area, or to find and
destroy OP, recommends to AATFC to land reinforcements on off-set LZ to destroy
enemy forward observer or to destroy enemy indirect assets (mortar platoons/batteries).
a. Unit performs steps 3a-d above. Ground tactical commander clears fires to
prevent fratricide.
6. During ingress of the initial serial, AATFC learns of enemy direct fire/ambush
assets on the LZ.
a. Prior to reaching the RP, flight crews relay to assaulting units which door/side
of aircraft to move to upon landing (based on enemy situation, to put pax out on the side
opposite of enemy forces).
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 3-20
Chapter 3
b. Door gunners on the enemy side of the aircraft engage targets to destroy or
suppress enemy forces during off-load and egress. Additionally, gunners on the side of
contact employ smoke grenades to conceal ground troops as the aircraft depart.
c. Ground unit obscures its movement with smoke, breaks contact with enemy,
and employs indirect fire assets to destroy/suppress enemy unit.
a. Unit executes steps 5a-e listed above if fire is ineffective. Subsequent lifts will
be in weapons tight status and only engage targets cleared by the ground commander.
(1) Forces (chalks) taking effective fire react to ambush (take cover/return
fire/suppress the enemy).
(3) Forces (chalks) not taking effective fire suppress the enemy and
maneuver to gain an exposed flank.
(4) Stationary forces (chalks) in kill zone shift fires as assaulting forces
fight through enemy ambush position.
8. Heavy assets landing in support of unit air assault operation react to enemy contact.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 3-21
Chapter 3
(2) Unit recovers casualties and equipment and backtracks out of mine
field.
(1) Vehicles and personnel move a specified distance and direction off the
LZ (SOP, OPORD rally point, or as directed by the ground commander).
(1) Designated crew member provides covering fires with SAW or M203
while other crew members de-rig load. If tandem (shotgun) loads, crew members
covering de-rigging face 180 degrees out from each other.
(2) Once de-rigged, vehicles move off the LZ to a covered and concealed
position. Heavy LZ commander directs vehicles to position in assembly area, directs
counterattack against enemy on LZ, or moves along covered and concealed route to
link-up with forces on "light" LZ.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 3-22
Chapter 3
a. During initial serial insertion, AATFC controls all fires. Attack aviation, fire
support, and door gunners engage targets as planned in the initial order and AMB. Prior
to first serial arriving on the LZ weapons status is free IAW the fire plan and control
measures (RFA‘s, NFA‘s, etc.).
b. Once troops are on the ground, the ground commander controls and clears all
fires in and around the LZ
d. Each chalk carries primary and alternate day/night markers to designate their
position. Markers must be visible to both ground and air observation. Examples include
VS-17 panel, smoke, glint tape, IR Strobe-lights, MRE heaters, etc.
Step One:
B. Single door exit for greater control of friendly on the ground. Allows aerial
platforms to engage targets to one side of the direction of flight Restricted Fire
Line (RFL) while ground troops engage targets to the opposite side.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 3-23
Chapter 3
B. Once on the ground, door gunners are restricted to firing to their side of the DOF
RFL. In this example, troops exit left and fire left, lift aircraft fire right door guns only.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 3-24
Chapter 3
Step Three:
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 3-25
Chapter 3
B. As aircraft egress from LZ, they are clear to fire both sides again only after
crossing the Trail Edge RFL.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 3-26
Chapter 3
Step Five:
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 3-27
Chapter 3
Step Six:
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 3-28
Chapter 4
AIR MOVEMENT PLAN
SECTION A: COMMAND RESPONSIBILITIES
(1) Commands the air assault operation and is responsible for its overall
planning and execution.
(1) Controls all aviation elements, including attack, heavy lift, and
MEDEVAC supporting the air assault.
(2) ―Fights the battle‖ from PZ to LZ while keeping the AATFC informed.
(3) Plans and briefs the air movement plan and landing plan.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 4-1
Chapter 4
(1) Commands the ground maneuver task force inserted during the air
assault.
(2) Plans and briefs the ground tactical plan, loading plan, and staging
plan.
(3) Ensures that the AMC‘s landing plan meets the requirements of the
ground tactical plan.
(3) Ensures the ATO/ITO depicts the AASLT air movement plans and
CAS support.
(2) Coordinates use of the "quick fire" net during air movement.
1. The air movement phase involves flight operations from PZ to LZ and back.
2. During the air movement, the AMC assumes operational control of all Army aviation
forces (assault, heavy assault, attack, air cavalry, MEDEVAC, UAS, and C2). The AMC
controls all timings for deconfliction and all enroute fires, to include initiation, shifting,
and lifting of LZ preparatory fires.
3. Flight paths include flight routes, air corridors (specified height and width), and flight
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 4-2
Chapter 4
axes (specified width but not height). Routes and corridors are commonly used. Flight
axes are used less frequently.
4. One-way flight routes are preferred whenever possible to mitigate risk. Designation
authority for a two-way flight route resides with the AATFC for those highly unusual
circumstances where this risky measure might be necessary. Two-way flight routes are
de-conflicted by time and/or altitude separation.
b. Locate the SP 3 to 8 kilometers from the PZs. The flight route starts here.
c. Locate the RP 3 to 8 kilometers from the LZs, primary and alternate. The flight
route ends here.
d. Use prominent, designated terrain features located along the flight route that
facilitate navigation, control of speed, and control of enroute fires as air control
points (ACPs).
e. Select routes that are as short as possible, tactically sound, and conducive to
successful navigation.
f. Routes should avoid brightly lit areas and population centers. This will reduce
the probability of the air assault being detected.
g. If possible, select a route with terrain and vegetation that permit masking. This
will deny exposure to enemy observation, direct fire weapons, and radar
acquisition.
i. Ensure that no turn in the route exceeds 60 degrees if slingloads are involved.
6. Flight routes should avoid known or suspected enemy air defenses. The FSO plans
suppressive fires and nonlethal suppression of enemy air defense systems that cannot
be avoided.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 4-3
Chapter 4
7. Flight routes must support both primary and alternate LZs. Each LZ should lie within
a 30-degree arc from the RP. An example of flight route structure that meets this
requirement is in Figure 4-1. Vulnerability of the air assault force will be reduced if the
flight route facilitates rapid approach, landing, and departure from the LZ.
2. The AATF FSO is responsible for planning, synchronizing, and executing effective
SEAD fires. The ground maneuver, attack helicopter, and assault helicopter fire support
elements (FSEs), tactical operations officers (TACOPS), and intelligence officers
participate in SEAD planning.
c. Naval gunfire.
e. Attack helicopters. (The AH-64D Longbow is better suited for the SEAD
mission than the OH-58D Kiowa because it is equipped with an avionics suite
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 4-4
Chapter 4
(2) On-call SEAD: Planned SEAD that is executed on event triggers under
positive control.
(3) Deceptive SEAD: Planned SEAD fired into an area to deceive the
enemy or cause him to reposition his air defense weapons away from
where actual operations will take place.
5. SEAD Planning is conducted as part of the MDMP and targeting process. Critical
facts and assumptions that should be determined in the mission analysis include:
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 4-5
Chapter 4
b. Time, distance, and heading information for primary and alternate route of
flight.
b. Draw a circle (‗threat ring‘) around each ADA system. The radius of which is
equal to the maximum engagement range. Depending on the threat system and
its means of target acquisition (optical, IR, radar) and fire control, the size of the
threat ring may change during hours of limited visibility. Terrain that blocks
electronic or visual lines of sight may reduce the radius of a threat ring.
d. Plot the primary and alternate flight routes, and all LZs on the map. Flight
routes and LZs should avoid threat rings whenever possible.
a. SEAD fires should be planned against any enemy ADA system which
threatens the air assault force. A period of focused immediate SEAD is normally
planned at each LZ prior to the arrival of the AATF. If possible, deceptive SEAD
should be planned to further mitigate risk.
b. Scheduled SEAD missions are planned against threat systems along the
ingress / egress route of flight. The start time for each SEAD mission may be
calculated if the assault aircraft‘s enroute airspeed and SP time on the flight route
are known. These calculations may be made manually or with AMPS, PFPS, or
similar planning software.
c. Factors that determine the duration of each SEAD mission include aircraft
speed and the range of each enemy ADA system (size of the threat ring). This
information may be used with planning software to determine how long each
ADA system along the route of flight must be suppressed. Calculations may be
made manually or estimated using Figure 4-3. As a rule of thumb - estimate that
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 4-6
Chapter 4
e. Ensure provisions are made for immediate on-call fires in the SEAD plan.
The FSO may establish a ‗quick fire‘ net for this purpose. A quick fire net
provides a direct link between an observer and weapon system (normally field
artillery). Observers are ordered based on their priority of fire.
8. Specialized SEAD assets are available, and unique planning requirements exist
when operating as a component of a joint force.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 4-7
Chapter 4
(2) Localized Suppression: Can occur throughout the AOR / JOA and be
conducted by all components but is limited in time and geographical areas
associated with specific ground targets (JP 3.01.04, p. III-1).
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 4-8
Chapter 4
RESPONSIBLE
ACTION OUTCOME
AGENCY
Determine and Plot air corridors DIV FSE, AVN, AC2,
Ingress and Egress routes with tasked AVN unit LNOs Air Route Overlay
ACP‘s and ALO
Determine and plot enemy ADA DIV FSE Targeting Officer
assets that affect corridors to ICW G2, G2 Collection Threat ADA
include their support structure (i.e. Manager and FAIO, Overlay
C2 nodes for IADS) ADAO
Determine Friendly assets
available: G2/ACE (Collection Mgr Synch Matrix of
• Collection Assets etc) Collection assets
• Attack Systems Arty Org for
• Field Artillery (Reinforcing, Division FSE combat
General Support and Gereral
Support/Reinforcing)
• Special Munitions (ATACMs,etc.) IWO
• Attack Aviation Assets Available
• Joint attack systems (lethal and FSE, ACE, IO, Space Joint Assets
nonlethal) Officer available and their
capabilities
Identify enemy systems that
division assets can effectively G2, FSE Targeting ID threat systems
suppress or destroy and those Officer, FAIO, and the that higher must
requiring support from echelons ACE Collection Manager attack
above Division
FSE Targeting Officer,
Develop initial target nominations G2, ACE collection Submit targets to
for SEAD/JSEAD requests Manager, IWO and ALO, Targeting Officer
EWO, AVN FSO
Coordinate with
Develop J-SEAD plan for echelons higher HQ for
FSE, G3, ALO
above Division inclusion in the
ATO
Disseminate targeting data to
DIV FSE, ALO ATO published
subordinate FSEs (ATO)
Establish SEAD fire plan for Applicable FSE ICW S3 Publish SEAD
ingress and egress on each air/AC2, G2, ALO, AVN plan
corridor and disseminate as LNO, AVN FSO
appropriate
Revise, update and disseminate
Modify Targeting
target data as appropriate/modify FSE, G2, appropriate Cdr
Plan as necessary
H-hour
FSE, BAE/ADAM, ALO,
Rehearse with supporting unit
AVN LNO, AVN
Execute
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 4-9
Chapter 4
1. The air assault security force protects lift and assault forces from the PZ to the LZ in
order to preserve combat power. See Chapter 6; section B for a complete description of
Air Assault Security.
1. Forward area rearming and refueling points (FARPs) are established to support high
tempo operations. Complete FARP planning considerations in Chapter 6, section A.
1. The reconnaissance update brief is an important part of the air movement phase. It
provides the AATF with the most currently available weather conditions, flight hazards,
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 4-10
Chapter 4
enemy composition and locations, adjustments to the flight route, conditions at the LZ,
and any recent CCIR.
2. If time permits the update brief should be conducted face to face. It may include
imagery from personnel computer video data transfer system (PC-VDTS) or aircraft
video recording systems (VRS). Imagery from RQ-7 Shadow or RQ-11A RAVEN-A
unmanned aerial systems may be available. When time is limited, the brief may be
broadcast to the AATF using secure radio communications.
1. Command and Control (C2) systems support the commander in exercising authority
over the AATF and directing subordinates. C2 requirements should be addressed early
in the planning phase of any operation.
2. Key leaders should be tactically positioned into discrete elements, with provisions to
ensure unity of command. An example for positioning key leaders is in Figure 4-6.
a. Combat aviation net (CAN). Two CANs are available in the SOI.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 4-11
Chapter 4
(1) The BN A&L frequency will be used for PZ control. During BDE level
operations using a single PZ, the last lifted BN‘s A&L frequency is used.
(2) All lifted units must enter the PZ control net 30 minutes prior to their PZ
time. Specific chalks may be required to monitor the net if the aircraft
formation in the PZ requires.
(3) Prior to exiting the net and boarding the aircraft, the lifted unit will
report ―PZ clean". PZ control will reply with "permission to exit the net."
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 4-12
Chapter 4
5. The UH-60 is the host platform for three airborne command and control variants
(FBCB2, UAS, AN/ASC-15E). Each has unique capabilities and limitations as
described in Figure 4-8.
Personnel Seating 10 10 9
Ease of use Minimal Training Minimal Training Minimal Training
PRC-117 RADIO 2EA 1EA 3EA
SATCOM 1EA NO 1EA
IRIDIUM 1EA NO 1EA
FBCB2 (AVN BFT) 1EA NO 1EA
ICS (INTERCOM) 5EA 5EA 10EA
NVG Compatible YES YES YES
Loiter Time 2.5 HRS 2.5HRS 2.5HRS
UAS L2
CONTROL(UAS) NO YES YES
Note: Above listed configurations apply to the UH-60A/L models. C2 consoles for the
UH-60M were not made as the aircraft were fielded. The C2 consoles listed above are
analog and not compatible with the fully digital UH-60M.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 4-13
Chapter 4
Note: The seating configurations depicted above serve as an example. Exact seating of the
AMC, AATF S3/AVN S3, and AATFC is situational dependent and should be taken into
consideration based on each operation. For example, in certain situations, the AMC may chose
to sit with the AASLT TF CDR and use the C2 console
7. The brigade signal officer (SIGO / S6) is the staff proponent responsible for planning
and coordinating signal support for each phase of the air assault operation. The SIGO
ensures voice and digital connectivity, providing command, control, communications,
computers, and intelligence (C4I) support to the AATF.
8. Air assault operations present difficult challenges to the signal planner due to the
large distances involved. Planning considerations for long range communications
should include:
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 4-14
Chapter 4
to the satellite. Switching between the azimuth and elevation antennas should
be considered if difficulty is experienced.
c. UHF, VHF, and SINCGARS antennas are located on the underside of the
aircraft. Low altitude operations may limit line of sight and reduce the radios
effective range.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 4-15
Chapter 5
Chapter 5
LOADING AND STAGING PLANS (PZ OPERATIONS)
1. Pickup Zone (PZ) operations are a collaborative effort between infantry and aviation
elements. A PZ run to standard is the essential first step to any air assault operation.
2. The assault force organizes on the PZ, not the LZ. Every serial and lift is a self-
contained force that understands what it must do on landing at either the primary or the
alternate LZ, and later in executing the GTP. The number of PZs depends on the
number and type of aircraft and number and type of loads. For a BCT air assault, one
light PZ (UH-60 serials, personnel and slingloads) and one heavy PZ (CH-47 serials) is
designated.
3. The Staging Plan establishes the PZ and organizes the movement of troops, chalks,
and loads into position for the air assault. Both vehicle and artillery sling loads are
staged on the heavy PZ.
PZ BDE S1 BN S1 BN S3 AIR
Check- NCO, or CO
in TRAINING
NCO
Note: The UH-60 PZ is the light PZ, and the CH-47 PZ is the heavy PZ. Both PZs
stage and load troops and sling loaded vehicles, equipment, and supplies (both UH-60s
and CH-47s can lift slingloads from their respective PZs).
1. General: The staging plan is based on the loading plan and prescribes the arrival
time of ground units (troops, equipment, and supplies) at the PZ in the proper order of
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-2
Chapter 5
movement. The following are general considerations to follow in the staging plan.
b. Guide chalks to their position on the PZ. The supporting unit must maintain
positive control of all chalks 100% of the time. Pure pax loads should be staged in the
wood line alert and marked for quick notification and movement to their assigned
aircraft.
c. Plan on three (3) hours to stage a light PZ, and a minimum of 6-8 hours to
stage a heavy PZ (depending on number of loads) (Daylight).
d. Require chalk leaders to report early to PZ for chalk leader orientation for a
light PZ, and at their designated time on the heavy PZ.
e. Units with equipment scheduled for slingload need to report to the respective
PZ pre-rigged with reach pendants and all necessary equipment required to complete
rigging once the load is staged.
2. Procedures: Loads must be ready before aircraft arrive at the PZ; typically, ground
units need to be in PZ posture 15 minutes before aircraft arrive. The staging plan also
restates the PZ organization, defines flight routes to the PZ and provides instructions for
linkup of all elements. Air-to-air linkup of aviation units should be avoided, especially at
night when night vision goggles are being used.
3. PZ setup considerations.
a. PZ diagram. See Chapter 1 for the minimum items that must be included in the
PZ diagram. This will enable aircrews, PZ Control (PZCO), and crisis action teams
(CATs) to clearly understand the organization of the PZ.
f. Consider dust and debris vicinity individual loads and aircraft landing points.
g. Consider cover when choosing troop entry and staging areas. Unless area is
secure, always stage soldiers in cover.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-3
Chapter 5
h. Consider vehicle entry and staging routes/point for cover, and restrictive
terrain.
i. Always try to limit the depth of the PZ from a suitable vehicle location (plan on
a standard 5 x UH-60 light serials and 4 x CH-47 heavy serials).
j. Identify the location of light and heavy PZ Control (PZCO). Co-locate the light
and heavy PZCO with Brigade PZ Control when possible.
a. The PZCO forms a control group to assist him. It may include air traffic control,
subordinate units, support personnel (personnel to clear the PZ, security, chalk link-up
guides, lead aircraft signalman, inspection teams, and slingload teams).
f. For a BCT PZ, the BCT Executive Officer is overall responsible for PZ
operations and directs the efforts of the PZ control officer (BAE). To assist, the Aviation
Brigade will co-locate a TAC with PZ control. During a battalion move, the battalion XO,
or designated representative (usually the S-3 Air) will act as the PZCO. Company XO
will act as the PZCO during company-size operations. Platoon Sergeants will act as
PZCO during platoon-size operations.
g. Brigade PZ control erects the PZ update tent and runs the PZ rehearsal
assisted by the Light and Heavy PZ Control Officers, BAE and Aviation LNOs.
h. Brigade PZ control serves as C2 node for all PZs. It locates where it can best
command and control all aircraft.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-4
Chapter 5
i. Stage CH-47 CASEVAC and spares on the heavy PZ. Stage spare, C2, and
MEDEVAC UH-60‘s as close as possible to BCT PZ control.
j. Provide one cargo truck (LMTV-type) with necessary security for EPW
evacuation and one configured for casualty evacuation from returning aircraft.
k. Provide FLA and trauma treatment team to assist in CASEVAC from returning
aircraft and to facilitate MEDEVAC to a level III treatment facility as necessary. Mark
appropriately for easy identification.
n. Maintain spare goggles, static probes, gloves, and chemlights of all colors.
o. Keep AATFC and AMC notified of PZ status using the Air Assault Execution
Checklist.
p. Maintain communications with all inbound and PZ-active aircraft through GTA.
r. Notify inbound aircraft of bump plan, if in effect. Remind them to look for
swinging IR chemlights.
5. PZ Rehearsals.
a. PZ Rehearsal. The PZ rehearsal is conducted after the AMB and prior to the
air assault mission. The rehearsal is a joint light/heavy PZ rehearsal run by the Brigade
Aviation Element in conjunction with the Aviation Brigade and supervised by the BCT
Executive Officer and subordinate PZ Control Officers. Discussion will be centered on
the following topics:
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-5
Chapter 5
c. PZ Control Officers, BAE will brief the manifest and inspection plan, time and
location for chalk check in (separated by lift-serial-chalk), security plan, and conduct a
walk-through using the PZ diagram.
d. Manifest Plan. Chalk leaders will provide two copies of manifests written on a
standard form (no MRE box copies allowed). Each chalk leader will maintain one copy
of the manifest, and provide the other copy to the PZ Control Officer at chalk check in.
e. Inspection Plan.
(1) The Soldier rigging the load completes three copies of the Sling Load
Inspection Record (SLIR) (DA 7382-R) under supervision by the chalk leader. The
inspection record is certified by a qualified inspector (in the grade of E4 or above and a
graduate of the Pathfinder, Air Assault, or Sling Load Inspector Certification courses)
and turned into PZ Control prior to the arrival of the first aircraft serial.
(3) Drivers and TCs are responsible for their loads and must provide their
own equipment to rig and fly, potentially more than once. Expendable items, reach
pendants and/or static discharge equipment should be present.
6. PZ Markings.
a. Daylight Operations.
(1) During daylight operations, units will mark the number one touchdown
point for each serial with a VS-17 panel. The lead AC will land approximately 20 meters
to the left of the load. All pickup points are marked by the presence of a hook-up team,
a signalman, and the actual load.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-6
Chapter 5
(2) PZ control vehicles are marked with a VS-17 panel on the hood.
b. Night Operations.
(1) During hours of limited visibility, units mark the number one touchdown
point (TDP) for each serial in the first lift with an inverted ―Y‖. A touchdown point is
defined as the specific point on the ground for a specific aircraft and is based on
pilot/unit proficiency, size/type of aircraft, and atmospheric conditions. TDP landing
lights are emplaced (10-meter separation for cargo aircraft and 5-meter separation for
non-cargo aircraft). See Figure 5-1 for example TDP light markings.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-7
Chapter 5
(2) Slingload Point landing lights and load reference lights are placed in
relation to the load. Reference lights are placed 25 meters upwind of the landing point
in a triangular formation with 5 meters separation as prescribed in Chapter 4 of FM 3-
21.38 (Pathfinder Operations). See Figure 5-2.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-8
Chapter 5
(3) The PZCO directs the marking of the PZ to simplify night identification.
Beanbag or chemlights in a shallow trench forming an inverted "Y" form a reliable
marker for inbound aircrews. IR chemlights placed near each chalk can mark
touchdown points. Other night marking mechanisms include glint tape, strobe lights with
IR filters, and reverse polarity tape. VS-17 panels and smoke are good daylight
markers. In grassy or dusty terrain ensure IR chemlights are elevated (use 6‖ tent
stakes, or 4‘ survey stakes) to ensure visibility.
(4) Blue chemlights are not visible under NVGs. Units will not use them
for helicopter touchdown point marking.
(5) PZ control vehicles are marked with two green chemlights on the
antennas.
(6) Mark FLAs with red chemlights or Stiner aid (a Stiner aid is a flat panel
of cloth or other material capable of attaching chemlights in a distinct pattern i.e. a Red
Cross for visual recognition on the PZ/LZ).
(7) CAT vehicles, if used, are designated with one green chemlight on the
antennas.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-9
Chapter 5
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-10
Chapter 5
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-11
Chapter 5
a. PZ vehicles and aircraft will monitor the following frequencies while at the PZ:
PRC
FM1 FM2 UHF TACSAT
129
BCT XO ABN
CAN1 CAN 2 N/A TACSAT
AVN BDE S3 (THRU
(TF PZ CONTROL BDE A/J ASLT CMD
LNO)
OFFICER)
ABN HVY
FA BN XO BN A&L CAN 2 N/A
(THRU GND
(HEAVY PZ CONT.) BDE A/J HVY FREQ
LNO)
ABN
SUPT. BN XO BN A&L CAN 2 LT GND N/A
(THRU
(LIGHT PZ CONT.) BDE A/J ASLT FREQ
LNO)
BAE/ASLT AVN LNO LIGHT PZ CAN 2 BDE ABN N/A N/A
CONTROL A/J
BAE/HVY ASLT LNO HEAVY PZ CAN 2 BDE ABN N/A N/A
CONTROL A/J
UH60 SERIAL LIGHT PZ SERIAL ABN N/A N/A
CDRs/UH60 SPARE CONTROL INTERNAL
CH47 SERIAL HEAVY PZ N/A ABN N/A N/A
CDRs/CH47 SPARE CONTROL
CASEVAC/ LIGHT PZ PZ ABN N/A TACSAT
MEDEVAC/ C2 CONTROL CONTROL CMD
SPARE (C2
Spare)
Figure 5- 5: PZ Nets
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-12
Chapter 5
PZ Operations
Loading and Staging
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-13
Chapter 5
a. Timeline. Light PZ chalk check-in (light and heavy) times are METT-TC
dependent. Ample time is planned for required rigging and inspections if required and
for movement to the staging area.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-14
Chapter 5
a. Timeline. Heavy PZ chalk check-in times are METT-T dependent. Ample time
is planned for loads to transition the 4-station check-in, rigging, and inspection.
(1) Plan 1 hour to check-in a serial, 1 hour for a serial to rig, 1 hour for the
supporting unit to inspect, and 1 hour for Murphy. Stagger serials to check in at 20 to 30
minute intervals. The time required to check-in and inspect loads will increase as the
number of serials increase. Serials with mostly shot-gun loads will need more time.
(2) The following chart is based on 4 load serials during daylight
operations.
NUMBER OF CHECK-IN TIME
SERIALS (PZ POSTURE HOURS)
1-2 -3
3-4 -5
5-6 -6.5
7-8 -8
Figure 5- 8: Check-In Time
b. Heavy PZ Check-in Stations. The supporting unit provides one NCO and
required soldiers to man each station. Communication is maintained between the
supporting unit, check-in stations, and the security team with AN/PRC-148s,
AN/PRC-152s, or handheld radios.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-15
Chapter 5
(c) All air items present and separated for inspection at station 3.
(2) Station 2: Weigh-in. A large PZ (more than 40 loads) may require two
weigh-in stations to alleviate a bottleneck.
(a) One copy of the manifest per load (2 vehicles for shot-gun) is
collected and maintained at PZ control.
(b) Loads are weighed with all personnel and equipment to ensure
they meet the ACL as briefed in the AMB. Loads overweight are sent to a designate
frustrated area to download equipment prior to being reweighed. Special loads, such as
Engineer equipment, pre-approved by the lifting Aviation unit, and the data plate weight
are used.
(c) 3 copies of the DA Form 7382-R, Sling Load Inspection Record
(SLIR), are inspected and annotated by the Station NCOIC with load weight and L-S-C.
The Station NCO briefs the chalk leader on how to fill out the header and the ―Load
Rigged by‖ portion of the SLIRs. One copy is maintained on the load, one for PZ control,
and one for the supporting aviation unit.
(d) Each load is visibly marked with its Lift-Serial-Chalk (L-S-C) for
quick identification at stations 3 and 4.
(a) Air items are laid out/inspected IAW FM 4-20.197, Table 6-3.
(b) The supporting unit will maintain a parts box for on the spot
corrections. This is for EMERGENCIES ONLY. Units are responsible for the
serviceability and corrective maintenance of their own equipment.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-16
Chapter 5
(1) The Soldier rigging the load completes three copies of the Sling Load
Inspection Record (SLIR) (DA 7382-R) under supervision by the chalk leader. The load
is certified by a qualified inspector (in the grade of E4 or above and a graduate of the
Pathfinder, Air Assault, or Sling Load Inspector Certification courses) and turned into PZ
Control prior to the arrival of the first aircraft serial.
(3) One copy of the SLIR remains with the chalk leader and one collected
by the inspector and maintained at PZ control. Aircraft Crew chiefs receive a courtesy
copy.
(4) Drivers and TCs are responsible for their loads and must provide their
own equipment to rig and fly, potentially more than once. Expendable items, reach
pendants and/or static discharge equipment should be present.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-17
Chapter 5
(4) One copy of manifest and one copy of SLIR for each load present at
PZ control.
(5) All hook-up teams briefed and at first load.
(6) All CATs briefed by PZ OIC and prepared to execute all contingencies.
(7) All the above requirements are met NLT 1 hour prior to the aircraft
arrival to enable the PZ Control Party time to cope with last minute changes/problems.
a. Allow 50 meters between UH-60 TDPs, 100 meters for helicopters with
slingloads, 125 meters for slingload long-line operations, and 150 meters for slingload
operations with night vision devices.
b. Figure 5-11 is an example of the proper distances needed to set up a Light PZ.
All distances are minimums for daylight slingload operations (Night time operations is
150 meters). (Dashed lines represent the alternate method).
20m
100m 100m 100m 100m
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-18
Chapter 5
c. Staging Troops.
(2) Chalks board the aircraft from the side facing the load. In the event that
an aircraft has to make an emergency landing, the aircraft will land on the far side of the
load, avoiding chalks staged in the PZ. Chalks are positioned between the load and the
aircraft to shield them from possible fire; in the event an aircraft crashes.
(3) Ensure chalks are provided a PZ orientation upon entry into the PZ.
(4) Stage successive chalks behind each other (see diagram above)
(5) Guides should physically notify chalks when aircraft are inbound,
ensure all Soldiers are alert.
(1) Due to the nature of brown or white out conditions, a signalman is not
required and a hover hookup is not safe. The load will be rigged with 50/ 120 ft non
electrical long line or extension as required. An apex fitting will be placed at the end of
the extension. The extension will be laid to the LEFT of the load and the aircraft will
approach normally, taxi to the location of the apex fitting and set down. Once the aircraft
is on the ground, the hookup team will move to the aircraft and attach the apex fitting to
the cargo hook. The aircraft will suspend the load normally and depart as directed by
the GTA.
(2) Whenever possible, stage, rig, and inspect loads in daylight.
(3) Total load weight is recorded and indicated on the load, in the case of
vehicles, on the windshield.
(4) The max planning weight for a HMMWV under a UH-60L is 8000-8500
lbs (weight on the hook) plus troops up to a total of 9000 lbs. Weight NOT to exceed
the weight specified on the Modified Air Movement Table (contract weight).
(6) Ensure vehicles are not stuck in mud prior to hook – up.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-19
Chapter 5
c. Staging Troops.
(2) Chalks will board the aircraft from the side facing the load. In the event
that an aircraft has to make an emergency landing, the aircraft will land on the far side
of the load, avoiding chalks staged in the PZ. Chalks are positioned between the load
and the aircraft to shield them from possible fire; in the event an aircraft crashes.
(3) Ensure chalks are provided a PZ orientation upon entry into the PZ.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-20
Chapter 5
(4) Stage successive chalks behind each other (see diagram above)
(5) Guides should physically notify chalks when aircraft are inbound,
ensure all Soldiers are alert.
(1) Staging vehicles: as with the light PZ. Remember, 19,000 lbs is
the maximum planning weight for one CH-47 load.
(3) Due to the nature of brown or white out conditions, a signalman is not
required and a hover hookup is not safe. The load will be rigged with 50/120ft non-
electrical long line or extension as required. An apex fitting will be placed at the end of
the extension. The extension will be laid to the LEFT of the load and the aircraft will
approach normally, taxi to the location of the apex fitting and set down. Once the aircraft
is on the ground, the hookup team will move to the aircraft and attach the apex fitting to
the cargo hook. The aircraft will suspend the load normally and depart as directed by
the GTA.
(4) Total load weight is recorded and indicated on the load, in the case of
vehicles, on the windshield.
(6) Ensure vehicles are not stuck in mud prior to hook – up.
The loading plan is a systematic process requiring both positive and procedural control
from the Chain of Action. Contingencies are rehearsed at the PZ rehearsal. Crisis
Action Teams (CATs) make the difference between success and failure.
1. Chain of Action.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-21
Chapter 5
c. Designate at least one CAT per two loads. The CATs moves between serials
as each serial is lifted.
3. Communications plan.
a. The Brigade PZ control will use CAN 2 as the PZ control net as designated per
the signal plan (commo card) to communicate with subordinate PZ controls.
e. Aircrews will provide a headset for communication with each chalk leader.
Chalk leaders will provide the aircraft pilots with a LZ diagram/imagery to verify
destination LZ name, LZ gird, planned land heading, and lift/serial/chalk number.
f. Inbound to the PZ, the aircrew will establish initial communication with the PZ
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-22
Chapter 5
(2) Call sign – Corresponding to the serial number and chalk number of
the aircraft.
g. Following initial communication with the aircraft, the PZ control officer will
respond with the following information:
h. Sample radio call on PZ Control net with no changes from what was briefed:
• Aircraft to PZ Control: ―PZ Pine this is Cowboy 11 with 4 aircraft for line
1, over‖
• PZ Control to aircraft: ―Cowboy 11 this is PZ Pine, execute as briefed‖
i. Sample radio call on PZ Control net with changes in number of aircraft:
• Aircraft to PZ Control: ―PZ Maple, this is Varsity 22 with only 3 aircraft for
line 2, over‖
• PZ Control to ACFT: ―Varsity 22, this is PZ Maple, execute line 2, loads
5, 6, and 7‖
j. Sample radio call on PZ control net with changes to the loads to be carried:
• Aircraft to PZ control: ―PZ Oak, this is Outlaw 33 with 4 aircraft for line 3,
over‖
• PZ control to aircraft: ―Outlaw 33 this is PZ Oak, execute line 3, loads 8,
9, 10, & 11‖
a. Hot PZ. Always secure the PZ. The rear echelon or follow on echelon forces
are best suited for this task. The same combat forces that will escort the ground convoy
make excellent security forces. This contingency is always planned and rehearsed at
the brigade PZ rehearsal.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-23
Chapter 5
b. Broken loads.
c. Backhaul of casualties.
d. Disabled aircraft.
e. Lost communications with aircraft, CATs, Brigade PZ Control, subordinate PZ
control, AMC, and AATFC.
f. EPW detention/evacuation plan.
g. Hook-up team or boarding troop injuries.
h. Emergency laager plan(s) due to weather or mission aborts.
i. Brownout/whiteout conditions.
j. Fog setting in.
k. Major change in wind direction.
5. Bump plan. When a load is frustrated the serial commander contacts PZ control and
tells them the lift/serial/chalk number of the frustrated load along with the reason for the
problem, if they know it, i.e. too heavy, sling legs intertwined, etc. PZ control refers to
the PZ OIC for instructions as to the aircraft‘s actions, i.e. stand by while hooker team
re-rigs the load and re-certifies the load, or takeoff without the load. Once the serial is
ready, serial commander contacts PZ control for departure clearance. The bump plan is
rehearsed by the PZ Control Party and CATs. Always bump top to bottom, left to right.
The only time this rule does not apply is if the next serial inbound destined for a LZ that
will not support a bumped load. If this occurs, the bumped load waits until a serial
destined for the appropriate LZ arrives. Serials are not split without AMC approval.
Supported unit gets one attempt to hook a load. If it is deemed frustrated then personnel
will be offloaded, and serial commander will either accept a bump plan load or have
entire serial depart together, maintaining continuity. Delays on PZs burn necessary, and
often critical, fuel and throw the maneuver commander‘s sync matrix off schedule.
NOTE: Only the AATFC has the authority to order activation of the alternate LZ.
Flight leads/serial commanders do not have the authority to make this decision.
They must request permission to go to the alternate LZ through the AMC.
6. Hook-up teams.
a. Composition: Hook-up team members will be Air Assault qualified and will
have participated in Hooker training within 30 days. Under most conditions use a signal
person to provide hand/arm signals to the pilots. The signal person must utilize cone
lights with IR chemlights during low light and night PZ operations. If limiting
atmospheric conditions exist such as whiteout/brownout then a signal person is neither
safe nor required. In those instances it is advisable to use the 120‘ non-electric long
lines. The aircraft will land beside the load and the crew chief, or hook up team can
then connect the long lines while aircraft is on the ground. The pilots rely on the
combination of visual guidance from the guide and the oral guidance of the crew chief
while conducting the hook-up. Large open grassy PZs require reference points for NVG
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-24
Chapter 5
flight operations (i.e. IR chemlights or markers for assisting crews in aircraft control).
Refer to Chapter 4, FM 3-21.38 Pathfinder Operations for proper placement. UH-60
hook-up teams consist of one hook-up man and one static probe man. CH-47 hook up
teams consist of a hook-up man and static probe man per APEX. (Note: a Cargo Hook
Reach Pendant is preferred as this removes the requirement for a static probe person).
b. Hook-up team members need the following equipment: ID tags, Kevlar helmet,
Goggles (w/clear lens), Static probe (1 per hookup team if no reach pendant used),
Gloves, and Ear Plugs.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-25
Chapter 5
(1) Inspecting all air items quarterly, and/or before and after an air assault
operation for serviceability IAW FM 4-20.197.
(3) Corrects all deficiencies on vehicle loads and air items at the
frustration area.
b. Supporting Unit. Unit tasked to run the light and heavy pickup zones are
responsible for:
(1) The overall success of a PZ. They have absolute authority in all
matters concerning matters on the PZ.
(2) Ensuring all loads as air worthy and maintaining copies of the Sling
Load Inspection Record (DA Form 7382-R, dated JUL 05).
(4) Reports the status and activities to the Brigade Aviation Support
Officer (PZ Control) on all serials and lifts.
(1) If bends, cracks, distortions, or other damages are present, the sling
cannot be used until you have compared the damage with the damage criteria
chart.
(2) Replace any components that are damaged beyond the allowable limit.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-26
Chapter 5
(1) Ropes that are known to have been severely overloaded or shock
loaded, such as the remaining legs of a sling set after one leg has broken, should be
removed from service.
(2) Ropes with rust stains or stains of unknown origin should be removed
from service, as ropes can be severely weakened by exposure to certain chemicals.
(3) Each sling leg should be individually inspected for cuts, snags, or
worn strands.
c. Chain Inspection:
(1) Each link of the chain should be inspected for damage such as
denting, bending, and stretching. If any link is damaged, the complete chain section
must be replaced.
(2) Link damage will normally occur where the links contacted the load
provision or where the chain was inserted in the grabhook.
(3) Sling set chains must be between 8 feet and 8 feet 3 inches and
contain between 110 to 115 links.
(1) Unit personnel must perform maintenance on the 10K and 25K sling
sets. The sling sets are inspected by the user before and after each use. At the present
time, these sling sets have no predetermined service life. The six basic steps to prepare
slings for storage at the organizational level are as follows:
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-27
Chapter 5
(a) Wash off dirt and corrosive fluids with a mild detergent of hand
soap.
(b) After washing, rinse thoroughly and then air dry the sling sets.
Do not wring water out of the rope nor dry the legs in the sun.
(c) Remove corrosion from metal parts with a wire brush or emery
cloth.
(d) Remove burrs or sharp edges from metal parts with a file. DO
NOT USE PETROLEUM PRODUCTS (e.g. CLP)
(f) Store the sling sets in the aviator‘s kit bag that was issued with
each sling set. Store the sling set in a dry area with good air circulation. Store the sling
sets on wooden pallets, if possible, because air can circulate under and around the
slings.
APEX NUTS: Only the castellated nut with cotter pin is acceptable.
SLING KEEPERS: Only the bolt with a locking nut is acceptable (NO ROLL
PINS)
SLING LEG LENGTH: Sling legs can vary up to 6‖ within a set. If one leg is too
long / short, swap it out with another set. Length is not an indicator of
serviceability. If it is possible to match sling leg length, use the longer legs on the
forward lift points.
RUST PREVENTION: Once the chains are clean, they can be sprayed with dry
film lubricant (NSN 9150-00-168-2000, 1 can) and left to air dry for 24 hours. DO
NOT USE PETROLEUM PRODUCTS.
SLINGSET USE FOR VEHICLE EXTRACTION: Do not use sling sets in lieu of
chains to extract stuck vehicles. This can overload the sling set and may cause
sling leg failure.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-28
Chapter 5
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-29
Chapter 5
MATERIALS
Sling set, 10000 lb. Capacity, 2 ea.
Tape, adhesive, pressure-sensitive, 2 inch roll
Cord, nylon, type III, 550 lb. breaking strength
Webbing, cotton, 1/4‖, 80-pound breaking strength
Strap, tie-down, CGU-1B, 2 ea.
PERSONNEL
Four personnel can prepare and rig this load in 15 min.
RIGGING
1. Tie one camouflage net on each vehicle with type III nylon. Center one over the gas
cap. The second net will be hung from the forward portion of the door under the
windshield.
2. Drive the vehicles side-by-side as close together as possible, ensuring the bumpers
are lined up.
3. Hook one sling set up to the front lifting provisions on each HMMWV, putting outer
legs to outer lifting provisions, inner to inner. Use link counts of 30, 50, 50, 30. Wrap
and secure all excess chain with type III nylon.
4. Tie two breakaways on the front sling set: One keeping the two innermost sling legs
tight together in a ―T‖ and a second one wrapping all four legs 3 feet from the apex.
5. Rotate the inner two towing shackles skyward and route a CGU-1B strap through
both of them, keeping it twist free and hand tight with the ratchet on the outside. Fold
and tape the excess 12-18‖ away from the ratchet.
6. Hook the second sling set to the rear lifting provisions, outer to outer, inner to inner.
Do not route the outer sling legs through the sling guides. Use a link count of 3, 7, 7, 3.
7. Tie the outer chains to the outer sling guides using breakaway. On troop carrier
HMMWVs, tie the outer chains to the troop strap retainer using breakaway. On all other
HMMWVs, tie the innermost sling legs tight together in a ―T‖. Tie the four sling legs
together three feet from the apex with breakaway
8. Repeat step 5 for the rear lifting provisions with the second CGU-1B strap.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-30
Chapter 5
1 Mirrors taped and tied together with type III nylon/windshield taped
2 Electrical switches off
3 Fuel lever under ¾
4 Steering wheel secured with two pieces of type III nylon
5 Seat belt rolled, taped, and tucked (M996: buckled through doors)
6 Hand brake on
7 Transmission in neutral
8 Engine access panel secured and latched taped
9 Excess radio cables secured
10 Battery box latched and taped
11 Hood latched and taped
12 Wheels straight
13 Front link counts 30, 50, 50, 30
14 Rear link counts, 3, 7, 7, 3
15 Breakaway 3 feet from apex and on inner two sling legs on front sling set
16 Sling legs attached to apex in correct order (outer, inner, inner, outer)
17 Apex has slotted nut with cotter pin
18 Both CGU-1B straps tight, excess taped, ratchet on outside with no twists
19 Only inner chains on the rear sling set run through the sling guides
20 Breakaway 3 feet from apex on rear slingset
21 Breakaway on outer sling guides, inner two sling legs, and 3 feet from apex on rear sling set
22 Towing pintle secured with cotter pin and tape
23 Electrical connector spring loaded or taped
24 Tailgate secured with hooks and chains and hooks secured with type III nylon
25 Troop seats secured with cotter pins or type III nylon
26 Fuel cap is hand tight
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-31
Chapter 5
MATERIALS Sling set, 10000 lb. Capacity, 1 ea. Tape, adhesive, pressure-sensitive, 2
inch roll Cord, nylon, type III, 550 lb. breaking strength Webbing, cotton, 1/4‖, 80-pound
breaking strength
PERSONNEL Two personnel can prepare and rig this load in 15 minutes.
RIGGING
1. Route the 10K sling set on the load with the inner two sling legs routed to the rear of
the vehicle and the outer two sling legs routed to the front of the vehicle. Ensure the
sling legs are routed over the ‗B‘ pillar (roll bar).
2. Secure the front two chains to the front two lift provisions using a link count of 80.
Secure the excess chain using type III nylon.
3. At the rear of the vehicle, route 1 chain through each of the sling guides on the
tailgate. Bring it through the rear lift provision and secure the chain in the grabhook with
a link count of 3.
4. Pull all slack from the sling legs to the rear of the vehicle.
5. Tie a breakaway centered the ‗B‘ pillar to the two front sling legs.
6. IF EQUIPED WITH TROOP SEATS: Tie a breakaway on each of the rear two sling
legs to the troop strap retainer ring.
7. WITHOUT TROOP SEATS: Pull the two rear grabhook assemblies as tight together
as possible. Tie them together in a tight ―T‖ through one of the following four authorized
positions: the sling legs, through the potted eye, through the eye portion of the grabhook
assembly, or routed through all four lifting chains.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-32
Chapter 5
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-33
Chapter 5
MATERIALS:
Sling set, 10000 lb. Capacity, 2 ea. Tape, adhesive, pressure-sensitive, 2 inch roll Cord,
nylon, type III, 550 lb. breaking strength Webbing, cotton, 1/4‖, 80-pound breaking
strength Strap, tie-down, CGU-1B, 2 ea.
PERSONNEL
Two personnel can prepare and rig this load in 15 minutes.
RIGGING:
-RIGGING THE HMMWV
1. Route the 10K sling set on the load with the inner two sling legs to the rear of the
vehicle and the outer two sling legs to the front of the vehicle, over the ‗B‘ pillar (roll
bar).
2. Secure the front two chains to the front two lift provisions using a link count of 79.
Secure the excess chain using type III nylon.
3. At the rear of the vehicle, route 1 chain through each of the sling guides on the
tailgate. Bring it through the rear lift provision and secure the chain in the grabhook with
a link count of 3.
4. Pull all slack from the sling legs to the rear of the vehicle.
5. Tie a breakaway centered the ‗B‘ pillar to the two front sling legs.
6. IF EQUIPED WITH TROOP SEATS: Tie a breakaway on each of the rear two sling
legs to the troop strap retainer ring.
7. WITHOUT TROOP SEATS: Pull the two rear grabhook assemblies as tight together
as possible. Tie them together in a tight ―T‖ through one of the following four authorized
positions: the sling legs, through the potted eye, through the eye portion of the grabhook
assembly, or routed through all four lifting chains.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-34
Chapter 5
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-35
Chapter 5
5. LMTV Checklist
MATERIALS Sling set, 25000 lb. Capacity Additional apex with two extra lifting chains
Spreader bar assembly, 2 ea. Tape, adhesive, pressure-sensitive, 2 inch roll Cord,
nylon, type III, 550 lb. breaking strength Webbing, cotton, 1/4‖, 80-pound breaking
strength
PERSONNEL Two personnel can prepare and rig this load in 20 minutes.
Preparation & Rigging
1. Fold the cab sides up and fasten the roof to the cab if the cab is in the stowed/airdrop
position.
2. Extend the front lift provisions and the rear load spreaders and lock in place using the
attached pin and safety pin.
3. Roll up the windows in the cab.
4. Fasten all seat belts.
5. Tape all windows using the X configuration. Also tape all lights, and reflectors.
6. Ensure that all electrical switches are in the OFF position.
7. Ensure that the vehicle fuel is at 75% or less. Inspect fuel tank cap, oil filler cap, and
battery caps for proper installation and secure with 2‖ tape.
8. Ensure that the vehicle parking brakes are engaged and that the transmission is in
neutral.
9. Remove the air intake cowling by loosening the clamp and twisting off. The air intake
stack can be covered with 2‖ tape or a t-shirt taped over it. Secure to the passenger
seat using the seat belt.
10. Ensure that the front wheels are pointed straight ahead. Tie down the steering
wheel using the Type III nylon.
11. Fold the side view mirrors back and secure with Type III nylon to the inside door
handle.
12. Safety the cargo bed walls securing clips in the secured position with tape.
13. Stow mud flaps by bending and hooking on the mud flap hooks.
14. Tape the filler pipes behind the cab on the driver‘s side with 2‖ tape to prevent the
sling legs from entangling.
15. Secure any cargo, vehicle canvases, and bows in the bed of the vehicle.
16. Ensure that the tailgate is in the UP position.and secured with the latches provided
and additionally with 2‖tape. Also the ladder will be stored under the bed of the
vehicle.
17. Attach the additional lifting chains to the lifting chains already attached to the sling
leg. Place the 2 sling legs on a 25K apex and secure with the bolt, castellated nut,
and cotter pin. Place the apex in the bed of the vehicle and route the sling legs over
the troop seats above the load spreader.
18. Route the free running end through the load spreader and through the lift point
located under the bed of the vehicle and back through the load spreader with a total
of two chains in the load spreader guide.
19. Secure the chain link into the grabhook keeper with a link count of twenty. Wrap the
excess and secure with Type III nylon.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-36
Chapter 5
20. Secure the remaining two sling legs on the remaining apex. Place the apex in the
front bed of the vehicle.
21. Route the right sling leg over the spare tire and the left sling leg between the air
intake stack and the cab of the vehicle. Misrouting will cause damage to the air
intake.
22. Route the lifting chains through the extended lifting provision only one time. Secure
with a link count of thirty. Wrap the excess and secure with type III nylon.
23. There are two mandatory breakaways for the LMTV and requires two personnel to
tie them, one to pull all slack skyward and the other to tie the breakaways. Use ¼ in
cotton webbing for the breakaways. The rear breakaway should be tied in a figure 8
around both sling legs. The front will be tied around both sling legs and to the spare
tire retainer.
CHECKLIST
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-37
Chapter 5
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-38
Chapter 5
MAX
SLING
NOMENCLATURE WEIGHT LINK COUNT RECOMMENDED
SET AIRSPEED
(POUNDS)
FRONT/REAR
(KNOTS)
John Deere M-Gator
(Empty) 1,400
(Model # VGM6X01001) 10K 3/30 90
John Deere M-Gator (with
load) 2,450
(Model # VGM6X01001) 10K 3/40 90
Materials.
Personnel. Two persons can prepare and rig this load in 10 minutes.
(a) Secure the gas cap, tailgate, fire extinguisher, and all equipment and cargo
inside the vehicle with tape, nylon cord, or lashings.
(c) Ensure the fuel tank is not over 3/4 full. Inspect fuel tank cap, oil filler cap, and
battery caps for proper installation.
(d) Engage the vehicle parking brake and put the transmission in neutral.
(e) Ensure the front wheels are pointed straight ahead. Tie down the steering wheel,
using the securing device attached under the dashboard or type III nylon cord.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-39
Chapter 5
3 Hookup. The hookup team stands on the vehicle. The static wand person discharges
the static electricity with the static wand. The hookup person places the apex fitting on
the cargo hook. The hookup team then carefully dismounts the vehicle and remains
close to the load as the helicopter removes slack from the sling legs. When successful
hookup is assured, the hookup team quickly exits the area underneath the helicopter to
the designated rendezvous point.
Rigging Steps
1. Position the apex fitting on top of the vehicle. Route outer sling legs 1 and 2 to the
front of the vehicle and inner sling legs 3 and 4 to the rear. Sling legs 1 and 3 must be
on the left side of the load.
2. Route the chain end of sling leg 1 through the litter carrier and over the brush bar to
the left front lift provision. Loop the chain through the lift provision and follow the chain
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-40
Chapter 5
routing back to the grab link. Place the correct link from the above Table in the grab
hook. Repeat with sling leg 2 through the right front lift provision.
3. Slide the black circular hole covers, located in the vehicle bed, to the side. Route the
chain end of sling leg 3 through the left exposed hole and the left rear lift provision.
Place the correct link from above Table in the grab hook. Repeat with sling leg 4
through the right exposed hole and right rear lift provision.
4. Secure all excess chain with tape or Type III nylon cord.
5. Cluster and tie or tape (breakaway technique) the sling legs in each sling set
together to prevent entanglement during hookup and lift-off.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-41
Chapter 5
MATERIALS
Sling set, 10000 lb. capacity with additional apex
Tape, adhesive, pressure-sensitive, 2 inch roll
Cord, nylon, type III, 550 lb. breaking strength
Webbing, cotton, 1/4‖, 80-pound breaking strength
Spreader bar assembly
Personnel
Two personnel can prepare and rig this load in 15 minutes.
Rigging
1. Break the sling set into two sling sets, each with two legs. 2. Connect the sling legs of
the front sling set to the lift provisions on the hood and insert link 80 in the grab hook.
Secure excess chain with type III nylon. 3. Position the second sling set apex on the
roof of the vehicle 4. Lay the spreader bar on the roof of the vehicle. 5. Route the nylon
rope through the guides on the ends of the spreader bar. Attach the spreader bar guide
retainer pins and keepers. 6. Attach the spreader bar check cables to the eyebolts
located on the aft exterior side wall of the vehicle. Ensure the sling legs are behind the
check cable eyebolts. 7. Route the chains through the rear lift provisions located on the
outer ends of the rear bumper (not through the rear tie-down provisions). Insert link 45
in the grab hook. Wrap and secure excess chain with type III nylon. 8. Cluster the front
sling legs three feet from the apex and secure with one wrap of breakaway. 9. Pull the
rear sling legs together in a tight ―T‖ on the roof and secure with one wrap of
breakaway. 10Ah hd bhhf d
ASSEMBLY
REACH
PENDANT
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-42
Chapter 5
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-43
Chapter 5
Materials
Sling set, 10000 lb. Capacity, 2 ea.
Tape, adhesive, pressure-sensitive, 2 inch roll
Cord, nylon, type III, 550 lb. breaking strength
Webbing, cotton, 1/4‖, 80-pound breaking strength
Strap, tie-down, CGU-1B, 2 ea
.
Personnel
Two personnel can prepare and rig this load in 15 minutes.
6. Route the rear two chains (from the inner two sling
rear lifting points. Secure in the grabhook with a link
count of 70. Secure excess with type III nylon.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-44
Chapter 5
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-45
Chapter 5
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-46
Chapter 5
Materials Sling set, 10000 lb. capacity with additional apex Tape, adhesive, pressure-
sensitive, 2 inch roll Cord, nylon, type III, 550 lb. breaking strength Webbing, cotton,
1/4‖, 80-pound breaking strength
Personnel Two personnel can prepare and rig this load in 15 minutes.
Rigging
1. Ensure that the shelter is secured to the truck using the wire rope or tie-down
assemblies.
2. Break the sling set into two sling sets, each with two legs.
3. Connect the sling legs of the front sling set to the lift provisions on the hood and
insert link 80 in the grab hook. Secure excess chain with type III nylon.
4. Position the second sling set apex on the top of the shelter.
5. Route the chains through the rear lift provisions located on the outer ends of the rear
bumper (not through the rear tie-down provisions). Insert link 45 in the grab hook. Wrap
and secure excess chain with type III nylon.
6. Cluster the front sling legs three feet from the apex and secure with one wrap of
breakaway.
7. Pull the rear sling legs together on the roof of the shelter and secure with one wrap of
breakaway.
8. Attach reach pendants to both the front and rear apexes. Reattach both securing pins
with a slotted nut, bolt, and cotter pin.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-47
Chapter 5
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-48
Chapter 5
Materials Sling set, 25000 lb capacity with additional apex Tape, adhesive, pressure-
sensitive, 2 inch roll Cord, nylon, type III, 550 lb. breaking strength Webbing, cotton,
1/4‖, 80-pound breaking strength Felt padding
Personnel
Two personnel can prepare and rig this load in 30 minutes.
Rigging
1. Elevate the bucket halfway and tilt toward the rear. Ensure that the front end loader
assembly travel locks located at the ends of both front end loader boom cylinders are
properly pinned in place.
2. Tie or tape hydraulic lines and hoses in close proximity to the forward lift provisions to
prevent possible entanglement during hookup.
3. Tie or tape engine compartment hood securely to prevent damage during flight.
4. Break the sling set into two sling sets, each with two legs.
5. Position the first apex fitting on top of the forward part of the falling objects protection
structure (FOPS). Loop the chain end of the left and right sling legs through their
respective lift provisions located on the front bumper inboard of the front end loader
support arms. Insert link 3 in the grabhook. Secure excess chain with type III nylon.
6. Position the second apex fitting on top of the aft part of the FOPS. Loop the chain
end of the left sling leg through the left lift provision (closest to the back hoe operator‘s
seat) located at the top left between the left rear wheel and frame. Insert link 5 in the
grabhook. Secure excess chain with type III nylon.
8. Form the felt padding into a tube around the chain end of each sling leg and secure
with tape or nylon cord to protect chains and the hydraulic levers. 9. Cluster all sling
legs in each sling set on top of the FOPS to prevent entanglement during hookup and
lift-off and secure with breakaway.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-49
Chapter 5
1 Mirrors taped and tied to sides of the vehicle with type III nylon
2 Electrical switches off
3 Steering wheel secured with type III nylon
4 Hand brake on
5 Transmission in neutral
6 Windshield wipers taped to windshield
7 All equipment secured with tape, type III nylon, and/or lashings
8 Hood latched and taped
9 W heels straight
10 Bucket elevated halfway and tilted towards the rear
11 Front end loader assembly travel locks properly pinned in place
12 Hydraulic lines and hoses in close proximity to the front lift provisions
tied or taped out of the way
13 Front link count of 3, excess chain secured with type III nylon
14 Left rear link count of 5, excess chain secured with type III nylon
15 Right rear link count of 10, excess chain secured with type III nylon
16 Felt padding form ed around chains to protect chains and hydraulic levers
17 Fuel cap is hand tight
18 Both apexes have slotted nut with cotter pin
19 Breakaway tied on both sling legs on top of FOP S.
20 Reach pendants attached to both apexes and right side up
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-50
Chapter 5
MATERIALS
(1) Sling set (10,000-pound capacity, 25,000-pound capacity, or 40,000-pound
capacity). Or Multi-leg sling set (15,000-pound).
(2) Chain length, from a 15,000-pound capacity sling set (4 each) (used on
M1043A2 with MAK).
(3) Coupling link, from a 15,000-pound sling set (4 each) (used on M1043A2 with
MAK).
(4) Tape, adhesive, pressure-sensitive, 2-inch wide roll.
(5) Cord, nylon, Type III, 550-pound breaking strength.
(6) Webbing, cotton, 1/4-inch, 80-pound breaking strength.
(7) Felt sheet, cattle hair, Type IV, 1/2-inch or suitable padding.
NOTE: For vehicle weights up to 7,300 pounds, the recommended maximum airspeed
for the UH-60 is 100 knots. For loads weighing above 7,300 pounds, the recommended
maximum airspeed is 70 knots. Coordinate closely with the aviation unit as to the
vehicle weight including all gear carried on the vehicle.
PERSONNEL
PREPARATION
1. Extend the sling leg chains by connecting one additional chain length to each chain
on a 15,000-pound capacity sling set with a coupling link (used on M1043A2 with MAK).
2. Fold mirrors forward in front of the windshield for added protection and tie together
with Type III nylon cord. Tape the windshield in an X formation from corner to corner.
3. Secure all equipment and cargo inside the vehicle with tape, nylon cord, or lashings.
Remove antennas and stow inside vehicle.
4. Ensure the fuel tank is not over 3/4 full. Inspect fuel tank cap, oil filler cap, and battery
Cap for proper installation.
5. Engage the vehicle parking brake and put the transmission in neutral.
RIGGING
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-51
Chapter 5
of the tailgate.
7. Loop the chain end through the left lift provision on the bumper and thread back
through the eyelet opening in the tailgate. Place the correct link from Table 2-2 in the
grab hook. Repeat with sling leg 4 and the right rear lift provision. See insert above.
8. Wrap rear chains with padding where they contact the shell back.
9. Cluster and tie (breakaway technique) all sling legs together on top of the vehicle to
prevent entanglement during hookup and lift-off.
HOOKUP PROCEDURES
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-52
Chapter 5
1 Mirrors tied together with type III nylon and excess secured with 2‖ tape
2 Electrical switches off
3 Fuel level under ¾
4 Steering wheel secured in two locations with type III nylon
5 Seat belts buckled as worn
6 Hand brake on
7 Transmission in neutral
8 Engine access panel secured and latches taped
9 Excess radio cables secured
10 Battery box latched and taped
11 Hood latched and or taped
12 Wheels straight
13 Front link count in accordance with link count chart
14 Rear link count in accordance with link count chart
15 Breakaway attaching front two sling legs to ‗ B ‘ pillar
16 Sling legs attached to apex in correct order (both front sling legs to the outside)
17 Apex has castellated nut with cotter pin
18 Both rear chains run through the sling guides only once.
19 Breakaway attaching rear two sling legs in a tight ― T ‖
20 Towing pintle secured with cotter pin or tape
21 Electrical connector spring loaded or taped
22 Tailgate secured with hooks and chains and hooks pointed outward and secured with type III nylon
24 Fuel cap is hand tight
25 Shatterproof windshield with 2‖ tape in an X formation from corner to corner
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-53
Chapter 5
NOTE: The dual point rigging procedures for an M1151 are the same as the rigging
procedures described below.
Materials Sling set, 25000 lb. Capacity, 1 ea. Tape, adhesive, pressure-sensitive, 2 inch
roll Cord, nylon, type III, 550 lb. breaking strength Webbing, cotton, 1/4‖, 80-pound
breaking strength, and one additional Apex for sling set being used.
Personnel Two personnel can prepare and rig this load in 15 minutes.
Rigging
1. Route the 25K sling set to apex fitting number 1. Position the apex fitting on top of the
hood.
2. Loop the chain end of the sling legs through their respective lift provisions that
protrudes through the hood. Place a 60 link count in the grab hook.
3. Connect 2 sling legs to apex fitting number
2. Position the apex fitting on the roof of the vehicle.
4. Loop the chain end of the sling legs through their respective eyelet openings in the
upper corner of the tail gate. Loop the chain end through the lift shackle on the rear
bumper and thread back through the eyelet opening in the tailgate. Place a 30 link count
in the grab hook.
5. Secure all excess chain with tape or Type III nylon cord.
6. Cluster and tie or tape (breakaway technique) the sling legs in each sling set on top
of the vehicle to prevent entanglement during hookup and lift-off.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-54
Chapter 5
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-55
Chapter 5
M1097/A2 HMMWV
EMPTY WEIGHT 5,900 lbs
ACL 4,400 lbs
TOTAL COMBINED WEIGHT 10,300 lbs
LINK COUNT, 60 FRONT / 10 REAR
Certified by US Army NATICK for CH-47 helicopter at airspeeds up to and including 90
knots.
NOTE: This vehicle cannot be flown by a UH-60 when ACL exceeds 4,100
pounds.
Materials: Sling set, 25000 lb. Capacity with extended legs, 1 ea. Tape, adhesive,
pressure-sensitive, 2 inch roll Cord, nylon, type III, 550 lb. breaking strength Webbing,
cotton, 1/4‖, 80-pound breaking strength, and one additional Apex for sling set being
used.
Personnel Two personnel can prepare and rig this load in 15 minutes.
Rigging:
1. Route the 25K sling set to apex fitting number 1. Position the apex fitting on top of the
hood.
2. Loop the chain end of the sling legs through their respective lift provisions that
protrudes through the hood. Place a 60 link count in the grab hook.
3. Connect 2 sling legs to apex fitting number
2. Position the apex fitting on the roof of the vehicle.
4. Loop the chain end of the sling legs through their respective eyelet openings in the
upper corner of the tail gate. Loop the chain end through the lift shackle on the rear
bumper and thread back through the eyelet opening in the tailgate. Place a 30 link count
in the grab hook.
5. Secure all excess chain with tape or Type III nylon cord.
6. Cluster and tie or tape (breakaway technique) the sling legs in each sling set on top
of the vehicle to prevent entanglement during hookup and lift-off.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-56
Chapter 5
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-57
Chapter 5
Inspection Sequence
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-58
Chapter 5
Note: The M119/M119A2 105-MM Howitzer has a maximum weight of 4,400 lbs. If
rigging with an accompanying load the maximum weight is 7,400 lbs. When slinging
howitzer without an accompanying load use the 10K sling set, use the 25k sling set
when rigging with an accompanying load.
MATERIALS
PERSONNEL
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-59
Chapter 5
8. Ensure the lunette is in the extended position. Install the towing eye stop (C-clamp)
on the lunette and secure in place with its retaining pins, when applicable.
9. The sling set chain safety clamp is an additional authorized item. Refer to TM 9-1015-
252-10 for NSN and installation information.
10. When the detachable field spade is attached to the permanent spades, ensure the
two locking pins are installed and locked. Route and tie a length of Type III nylon cord
through the key ring of the cable and around the end of the locking pin.
11. When moving the howitzer without an accompanying load, extend the chain on sling
leg 3 by removing the chain length and coupling link from sling leg 4 and attaching them
to the end of the chain on sling leg 3.
12. When moving the howitzer with an accompanying load and using sling leg 4 on the
accompanying load, extend the chain on sling leg 3 by adding an additional length of
chain with a coupling link from a 25,000-pound capacity sling set.
RIGGING
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-60
Chapter 5
MATERIALS
(1) Sling set (15,000-pound capacity) with one additional web ring.
(2) Chain length, part number 34080-4, from a 15,000-pound capacity sling set (4
each).
(3) Coupling link, part number 31611, from a 15,000-pound capacity sling set (4
each).
OR
(4) Sling set (25,000-pound capacity).
(5) Chain length, part number 38850-00053-102, from a 25,000-pound capacity sling
set (4 each).
(6) Coupling link, part number 577-0615, from a 25,000-pound sling set (4 each).
(7) Tape, adhesive, pressure-sensitive, 2-inch wide roll.
(8) Cord, nylon, Type III, 550-pound breaking strength.
(9) Webbing, cotton, 1/4-inch, 80-pound breaking strength.
PERSONNEL
Two persons can prepare and rig this load in 20 minutes
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-61
Chapter 5
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-62
Chapter 5
NOTE: Reach Pendants may be used on dual point loads. Place a Reach Pendant
on each apex fitting. A static discharge person is not required when using a
Reach Pendant.
A. Two Storage Modules, Fuel/Water (Side by Side) Figure 5-9
Applicability
The following items in Table below are certified for the helicopter(s) listed in the
following table by the US Army Soldier Systems Center:
Materials
Sling set (15,000-pound capacity) (2 each) or Sling set (40,000-pound capacity) with
one additional apex fitting.
Tape, adhesive, pressure-sensitive, 2-inch wide roll.
Cord, nylon, Type III, 550-pound breaking strength.
Webbing, cotton, 1/4-inch, 80-pound breaking strength.
Personnel
Two persons can prepare and rig this load in 15 minutes.
Rigging
Connect the two modules together side by side using the horizontal connectors. Ensure
the connectors are properly secured.
Ensure the modules are in one of the configurations shown in Table 5-1.
Secure all hatches, hose valves, and loose equipment with tape or Type III nylon cord.
NOTE: When using the 15,000-pound capacity multileg sling set, tie or tape the
inner sling legs to the outer sling legs.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-63
Chapter 5
Applicability
The following item in Table 13-1 is certified for the helicopter(s) listed in the following
table by the US Army Soldier Systems Center:
Table Below: Palletized Loading System (PLS), M1077 Flatrack, Loaded
Materials
Sling set (10,000-pound capacity) with one additional apex fitting or Sling set (25,000-
pound capacity) with one additional apex fitting.
Tape, adhesive, pressure-sensitive, 2-inch wide roll.
Cord, nylon, Type III, 550-pound breaking strength.
Webbing, cotton, 1/4-inch, 80-pound breaking strength.
PLS operating manual.
Strap, cargo, tiedown, CGU-1/B (as required).
Personnel
Two persons can prepare and rig this load in 20 minutes.
Preparation
NOTE: During the following steps, observe all CAUTIONS and WARNINGS noted
in the Operating Manual.
Position the load on the Flatrack, distributing the weight as evenly as possible.
Restrain the cargo with CGU-1/B cargo tiedown straps.
NOTE: The A-frame end is considered the Aft end of the load.
Rigging
1. Place two sling legs on apex fitting number 1. Position apex fitting number 1 on top of
the load (non A-frame end).
2. Loop the chain end of the left and right sling legs through their respective lift provision
(tiedown ring closest to the end). Place the correct link from Table 13-1 in the grab
hook.
3. Place two sling legs on apex fitting number 2. Position apex fitting number 2 on top of
the load (A-frame end).
4. Loop the chain end of the left and right sling legs through their respective lift provision
(tiedown ring closest to the end). Place the correct link from Table 13-1 in the grab
hook. Secure the excess chain with tape or Type III nylon cord.
5. Tie (breakaway technique) the rear grab hooks to the A-frame.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-64
Chapter 5
6. Raise the apex fittings above the load. Cluster and tie or tape (breakaway technique)
the sling legs in each sling set together to prevent entanglement during hookup and lift-
off.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-65
Chapter 5
Materials
Sling set (25,000-pound capacity). Chain length, part number 38850-00053-102, from a
25,000-pound capacity sling set (4 each). Coupling link, part number 664241, from a
25,000- pound capacity sling set (4 each).
Tape, adhesive, pressure-sensitive, 2-inch wide roll.
Cord, nylon, Type III, 550-pound breaking strength.
Webbing, cotton, 1/4-inch, 80-pound breaking strength.
Heavy padding (1/4 section of a steel-belted tire or a length of fire hose or equivalent) (2
each).
Personnel
Two persons can prepare and rig this load in 15 minutes.
Rigging Steps
1. Position the apex fitting on top of the ROPS. Route outer sling legs 1and 2 to the
front of the load. Route inner sling legs 3 and 4 to the rear of the load. Sling legs 1 and
3 must be on the left side of the load.
2. Route the chain end of sling leg 1 through the left front lift provision. Place the correct
link from Table 8-37in the grab hook. Repeat with sling leg 2 and the right front lift
provision.
3. Route the chain end of sling leg 3 through the left front sling guide on the ROPS,
down through the left rear lift provision, and back through the same sling guide. Place
the correct link from Table above in the grab hook. Repeat with sling leg 4 on the right
rear lift provision. Secure the excess chain with tape or Type III nylon cord.
4. Heavy pad the sling legs where they make contact with the tracks.
5. Cluster and tie or tape (breakaway technique) the sling legs together on top of the
ROPS to prevent entanglement during hookup and lift-off.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-66
Chapter 5
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-67
Chapter 5
Applicability
The following item in Table 8-23 is certified for all helicopters with suitable lift capacity
by the US Army Natick Research, Development, and Engineering Center:
Materials
Sling set (40,000-pound capacity).
Tape, adhesive, pressure-sensitive, 2-inch wide roll.
Cord, nylon, Type III, 550-pound breaking strength.
Webbing, cotton, 1/4-inch, 80-pound breaking strength.
Tie-down strap, CGU-1B (4 each).
Felt sheet, cattle hair, Type IV, 1/2-inch or suitable substitute.
Personnel
Two persons can prepare and rig each load in 10 minutes.
Procedures
Prepare the load using the following steps:
Position the forks so they are sitting on the travel blocks and are tilted all the way aft.
Ensure the fuel tank is less than 3/4 full. Place the transmission in neutral and engage
the parking brake. Route two CGU-1/B cargo tie-down straps around the rear access
doors. Route two CGU-1/B cargo tie-down straps around the engine access doors.
Secure the tool box lid with tape or Type III nylon cord.
Rigging
1. Position apex fitting on top of the roll over protection system (ROPS). Route outer
sling legs 1 and 2 to the frontof the forklift and inner sling legs 3 and 4 to the rear. Sling
legs 1 and 3 must be on the left side of the load.
2. Loop the chain end of sling leg 1 through the left front lift provision mounted on the
frame inboard of the left front tire. Place the correct link from Table 8-23 in the grab
hook. Repeat with sling leg 2 and the right front lift provision.
3. Loop the chain end of sling leg 3 through the left rear lift provision located on the
frame aft of the left rear tire. Place the correct link from Table 8-23 in the grab hook.
Repeat with sling leg 4 and the right rear lift provision.
4. Lift the sling leg and tie or tape (breakaway technique) the grab hooks to the ROPS.
Cluster and tie or tape (breakaway technique) all sling legs together on top of the forklift
to prevent entanglement during hookup and lift-off.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-68
Chapter 5
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-69
Chapter 5
Applicability
The following items in Table 11-2 are certified for all helicopters with suitable lift
capacity by the US Army Soldier Systems Center:
Materials
Sling set (10,000- or 25,000-pound capacity) (as required).
Tape, adhesive, pressure-sensitive, 2-inch wide roll.
Cord, nylon, Type III, 550-pound breaking strength.
Webbing, cotton, 1/4-inch, 80-pound breaking strength.
Personnel
Two persons can prepare and rig this load in 10 minutes.
Rigging
1. Position the apex fitting on the roof of the container. Route outer sling legs 1 and 2 to
the front of the container and inner sling legs 3 and 4 to the rear. Sling legs 1 and 3
must be on the left side of the load.
2. Loop the chain end of sling leg 1 through the left front lift provision. Place the correct
link from Table above in the grab hook. Repeat with sling leg 2 through the right front lift
provision.
3. Loop the chain end of sling leg 3 through the left rear lift provision. Place the correct
link from Table above in the grab hook. Repeat with sling leg 4 through the right rear lift
provision.
4. Cluster and tie or tape (breakaway technique) all sling legs together on top of the
container to prevent entanglement during hookup and lift-off.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-70
Chapter 5
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-71
Chapter 5
• ONE COPY OF THIS FORM WILL BE MAINTAINED WITH EVERY SLING SET
• SPECIFY ANY OTHER INFORMATION PERTAINING TO THE USE OF THE SLING
SET(i.e., A22 CARGO BAG WAS SLUNG)
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-72
Chapter 5
MATERIALS
(8) Sling set with one to four sling legs depending on load weight.
(9) One 5,000 lbs or 10,000 lbs capacity cargo net
(10) Tape, adhesive, pressure-sensitive, two-inch wide roll
(11) Webbing, cotton, 1/4 inch, 80 lbs breaking strength
(12) Minimum of 12 feet, 7/16 inch nylon rope or an A7A strap
PERSONNEL
Four personnel can prepare and rig this load in five minutes.
PREPARATION
1. To prepare the cargo net, lay it out flat on the ground. Then place the cargo in the
net so that 75% or more of the cargo is inside of the yellow border cord. Ensure the
load‘s minimum weight is 500 lbs or greater.
2. Pull the net up around the sides of the load ensuring all slack is pulled tight. Next,
thread a piece of the 7/16 inch nylon or 3/8 inch hemp rope (or A7A strap) through the
web portion of the net. Tighten the rope so that the hole created is smaller than the
smallest object inside the net, and tie the rope in a secure knot. Tape all the excess
rope with two-inch tape.
3. Place the hooks on the manufactured apex. The hooks are numbered in a clockwise
or counter-clockwise direction, starting from the #1 hook. Remember, the #1 hook will
have the manufactured apex tied to it with a piece of type III nylon. The hook sequence
will be 1, 3, 4, 2 or 1, 3, 2, 4. The hook openings should be alternated on the
manufactured apex. Place the #1 hook on the apex. Then go to the opposite side of
the load and place the #3 hook on the apex. Move to either the left or the right side of
the load and place either the #2 or the #4 hook on the apex. Finally, take a piece of
two-inch tape and tape all the hooks so they will not come off the apex.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-73
Chapter 5
RIGGING
1. Use the appropriate number of sling legs for the weight in the cargo net. One sling
leg of a 10K set has the rated capacity of 2,500 lbs. One sling leg of a 25K set has the
rated capacity of 6,250 lbs. Take the free running end of the chain and route it through
the manufactured apex and secure a link count of 3 by dropping the 3rd link into the
keeper of the grab hook assembly.
2. Once the link is secure, tie three mandatory breakaways. You will take three pieces
of 1/4 inch cotton webbing and tie them around the lifting legs on the cargo net
approximately 3 feet apart.
3. The final step for rigging is to check the apex on the 10K sling set. If a UH-60
Blackhawk is coming to pick up the load, there must be an aluminum spacer on the pin
portion of the apex. For a UH-1H, you need a donut ring or a basket hitch on the pin
portion of the apex. A CH-47 does not need any additional equipment. Check the pin
to ensure it has been secured with a bolt. The bolt has been secured with a castellated
nut; it must have a cotter pin in the bolt.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-74
Chapter 5
The A-22 cargo bag is an adjustable cotton duck cloth/nylon and nylon webbing
container consisting of a sling assembly, cover, and four suspension webs . The bag is
used to deliver palletized loads, loose cargo, ammunition, drums, and other general
cargo. Maximum weight capacity is 2,200 pounds. The weight of the A-22 is 58 pounds.
You may rig the cargo in the bag with or without the cover. Inspect the container for
serviceability in accordance with Table 2-1, Preventive Maintenance Checks and
Services, in TM 10-1670-298-20&P.
PREPARATION
1. Place the scuff pad on the ground with the over sewn portion facing down.
2. Place the canvas cover on top of the scuff pad assembly. Match up the rectangular
portions.
3. Pull the canvas cover on top of the scuff pad assembly. Match up the rectangular
portions.
4. Place the load on the rectangular portion of the canvas cover so that it is centered.
RIGGING
1. Fold the canvas cover the top of the load. Fold any excess cover material under the
top flaps.
2. Secure the corners with the lacing types. To do this, route the lacing rope from
ground-to-sky through the bottom two loops. Then form an ―X‖ with the lacing rope and
route the free running ends through the top two lacing loops from ground skyward.
Secure the rope with a bow knot and tape the excess rope with two-inch tape.
3. Secure the 188 inch straps across the load so that they form a cross. Then locate
the friction adapter buckle opposite of each strap. Route the 188 inch strap through the
friction adapter and then tighten down. Do not incorporate any twists. Secure the
excess strap with two-inch tape or 1/4 inch cotton webbing.
4. Route the lateral straps to their friction adapters. To tighten, start from the bottom
and move to the top. Tighten down opposite corners at the same time. Then roll and
tape all excess straps; do not incorporate any twists.
5. Place the suspension webbing straps onto the suspension webbing D-rings. To do
this, hook the butterfly fasteners onto the D-rings with the hooks facing down toward the
load and tape the hooks with two-inch tape.
6. Attach the D-rings of all four suspension webbing straps, to the bolt of the medium
clevis in a clockwise or counter-clockwise sequence. Ensure that the straps are not
twisted more than a half twist.
7. Secure the bolt with the nut and tape both ends of the bolt with two-inch tape.
8. Route the free running end of the chain from the sling leg through the medium clevis
and place a chain link count of 3 into the keeper portion of the grab hook assembly for a
10K sling set or link count of 5 for 25K sling set.
9. Rig the apex of the sling leg for the type of aircraft that will be picking up the load. A
UH-60 Blackhawk must have an aluminum spacer on it, and a UH-1H must have an
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-75
Chapter 5
apex ring or a basket hitch. A CH-47 does not require any additional items on the apex.
Check the nut on the apex. The castellated nut must have a cotter pin in it.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-76
Chapter 5
One fuel drum is certified by the US Army NATICK for UH-60 and CH-53A/D/E
helicopters at airspeeds up to and including 80 and 120 knots, respectively. One to
four fuel drums is a suitable load for the CH-47 helicopter at airspeeds up to and
including 80 knots.
MATERIALS
PERSONNEL
PREPARATION
RIGGING
1. Install all fuel caps and ensure they are secured in the locked position with type III
nylon.
2. If no dust cover is present, cover the fuel opening with two-inch tape.
3. Ensure screw pin clevises have cotter pins.
4. Rigging of the 500 gallon fuel blivets with 25,000 lbs sling set.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-77
Chapter 5
NOTE: If a 10,000 lbs sling set is available, it may be slingloaded exactly the same way
one and two fuel blivets are rigged with a 25,000 lbs sling set. However, two fuel blivets
are the maximum that can be lifted on a 10,000 lbs sling set with four legs.
(1) Two fuel blivets rigged as a dual load on two sling legs.
(2) Rotate lift points to the 3-9 o‘clock position.
(3) Route the free running end of the chain through the two inside lift points.
NOTE: When routing the chain lift points, go same direction on both (i.e. left to right
through lift point at the 9 o‘clock position).
(1) Configuration: two blivets in the dual hook up mode (pilot preferred), and one
blivet in the single hook up mode.
(2) Utilize four sling legs and apex to the 25,000 lbs sling set only.
(3) Apex order is as follows:
(a) The inside sling legs to the single fuel blivet.
(b) The outside sling legs to the pilot preferred blivets.
(4) There are two mandatory breakaways: one breakaway around one set of
dual hook ups and one between the single hook up.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-78
Chapter 5
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-79
Chapter 5
1. INTRODUCTION
In order to improve sling load safety, all Army loads require an inspection by a
qualified inspector prior to the arrival of the supporting aircraft using the Sling
Load Inspection Record.
2. INSPECTOR QUALIFICATIONS
Inspectors must meet the following qualifications:
• Be in the grade of E4 or above AND
• Be a graduate of one of the following courses:
- Pathfinder.
- Air Assault.
- Sling Load Inspector Certification.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-80
Chapter 5
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 5-81
Chapter 6
Integrated Supporting Operations
GENERAL:
1. By their nature, air assault operations require combined arms integration. There are
sub-operations considered in every air assault, in addition to the five major plans of an
air assault (Ground Tactical Plan, Landing Plan, Air Movement Plan, Loading Plan, and
Staging Plan). These following sub operations will assist in Air Assault planning:
1. The combat service support structure available to support a high tempo air assault
operation is austere. To meet the Division‘s requirements for fuel distribution and
storage, the Division must synchronize the combined efforts of the Sustainment Brigade
that is operating in support of the Division, and the Aviation Support Battalions.
2. The Division supports the air assault with a combination of methods/means aimed at
maximizing resources at the critical places and times. Aircraft fuel distribution is
accomplished through two means: Rapid refuel points (RRPs) and forward arming and
refuel points (FARPs).
3. RRPs are established to rapidly refuel large numbers of aircraft during surge periods,
such as air assaults. They are generally long duration fueling operations that are time-
consuming to establish and difficult to move, especially when they are established with
10,000, 20,000, or 50,000 gallon fuel bags. Five thousand gallon tankers and HEMTTs
may also be used to store fuel at an RRP, increasing its mobility.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-1
Chapter 6
The bulk fuel storage and distribution capability an RRP can provide through its multiple
points allows the air assault task force (AATF) to refuel a complete light and/or heavy
serial simultaneously, minimizing ground time and enhancing the rapid buildup of
combat power. They normally do not have a rearming capability, but may when
augmented by attack battalion armament personnel and equipment. To maintain
separation between heavy and light aircraft, it may be useful to separate the RRP into a
―heavy‖ section and a ―light‖ section. Although the total number of points at an RRP is
METT-TC dependent, an RRP of 6 light points and 4 heavy points will provide adequate
support for a BCT AATF. An RRP can be established by a combat aviation brigade
(CAB), ASB, BSB, or requested assets from the sustainment brigade supporting the
Division. When it is operated by more than one unit, it is known as a consolidated rapid
refuel point (CRRP). Figure 6-1 is an example heavy RRP/CRRP.
4. A FARP is an aircraft refuel site which is located in a tactical position forward of the
Division tactical assembly area (TAA) which conducts both refueling and rearming
operations. FARPs are normally established by aviation battalions, which are manned
and equipped to refuel and rearm aircraft under combat conditions using various types
and setups. HEMTT FARPs are most effective behind the forward line of troops (FLOT)
or where a secure ground LOC exists. Forward of the FLOT, jump FARPs (JFARPs),
consisting of sling loaded 500 gallon fuel drums, pumps, and hoses, and pre-configured
ammunition loads, provide refuel/rearm capability for attack and cavalry aircraft.
FATCOW FARPs consist of a CH-47 with an external pump to pump fuel from the
aircraft‘s internal Robertson tanks (2400 gallons). WETHAWK FARPs consist of a UH-
60 with a microfare pump capable of pumping fuel from an external tank (460 gallons).
A FATHAWK is the same configuration but with ammunition for attack / cavalry aircraft
as well. Fatcow and WETHAWK/FATHAWK FARPs are easy to establish but have
limited capacity and lack security. Figure 6-2 is an example of a 6 Point AH-64 /OH-58
FARP.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-2
Chapter 6
5. FARPs are sometimes established in a FARP zone. This is an area of terrain forward
of the TAA and usually short of the FLOT which is set aside to support several FARP
and/or RRP locations required to support deep air assaults or conditions setting. The
size of the FARP zone is dependent on METT-TC analysis, but it may cover several
hundred square kilometers. It is divided into several sectors, each of which is several
kilometers square and suitable for supporting one or more FARP points. In open,
relatively sparse areas, a FARP zone 60-70 km long by 20-40 km wide is feasible, with
each sector roughly 5 x 5 km square. Other areas, such as mountainous, jungle, or
close-compartmented terrain may require sectors to be widely separated in order to find
enough suitable rearm/refuel locations. Figure 6-3 is an example FARP zone.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-3
Chapter 6
6. One or more sectors will be declared active at any one time, based on mission
requirements, threat analysis, and terrain. That information is provided to the aviation
battalions, air traffic control, and FARP personnel. The CAB‘s HEMTT tankers will
establish FARP points within the active sectors to provide rearm/refuel capability on a
mission basis. To enhance force protection, the FARPs displace to other points within
the active sector as required to support the mission. The amount of time a FARP may
operate in one spot is METT-TC dependent, but FARP points are normally active for no
more than four hours. Varying the active sectors and the locations of FARPs within
those sectors, reduces the signature of aircraft refuel/rearm operations, offering
increased protection from air, ground, and artillery attacks.
7. Establishment and protection of a FARP zone is a combined arms operation, with
combat and combat support required to prepare and protect FARP zone emplacement,
operations, and sustainment. Engineer support is required to prepare refuel/rearm
points within each sector. Force protection may require air defense and infantry,
chemical support for decontamination and smoke support. .
a. While operating behind the FLOT in the TAA, fuel will be throughput to the
Division by the Sustainment Brigade assets that have the area support mission to the
Division or that have been designated to support the air assault operation by the
Theater Support Command (TSC). This allows the Division to stage its equipment for
air assault operations deep in the enemy‘s rear. Re-supply of consolidated rapid refuel
points (CRRP) behind the FLOT will normally be by ground via Theater Sustainment
throughput (either Army or host nation support).
b. As the Division assaults forward, the CAB or Aviation Task Force will plan,
equip, man, and control the locations and operations of FARPs/RRPs outside the TAA,
FLB, or FOB. The Sustainment Brigade that has been directed to provide support to the
Air Assault Operation plans, coordinates, and executes with the CAB the re-supply of
these FARPs/RRPs. These FARPs, along with the CRRP in the TAA, will be used to
support condition setting and the initial air assault. They will normally be a mixture of
HEMTT FARPs to the rear of the FLOT, Jump FARPs across the FLOT, and heavy
assault FARPs as required by the tactical situation.
c. Immediately after the air assault the assault/attack aviation Class III-V platoons
will establish RRP/FARPs in the objective area. The nucleus of fuel operations in the
Forward Logistics Base (FLB) will be the Brigade Support Battalion‘s class III section.
Using its organic assets, the BSB can set up a total of two ground and two air refueling
points for a maximum of 12 hours of operation. Therefore, a CRRP will normally be
established in the FLB using personnel and equipment from both the BSB and CAB.
The BSB will provide C2. In the initial FLB, for security purposes, space for the CRRP
will be limited and may only contain four to eight points. Figure 6-4 is an example fuel
distribution system for seizing an objective.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-4
Chapter 6
d. As the FLB expands, more points may be added or (due to air traffic
considerations) other FARP‘s or RRP‘s may be set up near the FLB. Also, the fuel
system supply point (FSSP) may be slung forward to be operated by the BSB as a bulk
fuel storage site to expand fuel capacity. The CABs will provide personnel and
equipment to operate the aircraft fuel points. As the FLB expands, it will become the
Brigade Support Area (BSA) for a BCT. If the FLB/BSA will become a staging area for
future Division operations will be designated a forward operating base (FOB) and will
receive additional assets, which includes Fuel Bags, and the Aerial Bulk Fuel
Distribution System. Command and control of the FOB will normally transfer to one of
the Division TACs based on METT-TC. Figure 6-5 is an example of fuel distribution
system for expanding the lodgment and future operations.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-5
Chapter 6
e. As the FOB expands and the BSB goes into PZ posture for future air assaults,
fuel handlers from other BSBs, ASBs, an Aviation Brigade, or assets of the
Sustainment Brigade in direct support of the Division will echelon forward. These units
will fall in on the equipment left by the BSB. The BSB takes equipment brought by
these new units and either assists in expanding the operation or preparing for future
operations at a new FLB/BSA/FOB. The Brigade Support Battalion Commander
controls this allocation and handover of equipment. This requires support unit
awareness of the operational plan in order to ensure that the required equipment is at
the right place at the right time as units echelon forward and that redundant capabilities
exist.
1. Attack aviation, to include air cavalry operating in the attack role, brings firepower,
speed, and shock effect to an air assault operation. The Division can employ these
assets in mobile strike operations under command of either CAB in order to destroy
enemy forces. Air assaults always include attack and/or cavalry aviation supporting the
Air Assault Task Force.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-6
Chapter 6
The typical allocation of attack helicopters to a BCT-size air assault task force is one
AH/OH Task Force. The normal command relationship is OPCON to the AATF. The
AATF may assume OPCON of ATKHB or Air Cavalry Squadron TF as much as 96
hours prior to the air assault, but 24 hours to provide minimum planning and preparation
prior to the operation. The cavalry squadron is also often task-organized to the BCT air
assault operation either in addition to or in lieu of the attack helicopter battalion. For this
discussion, cavalry fighting in the attack role will also be described as attack aviation.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-7
Chapter 6
The ATKHB will begin to confirm or deny the enemy template and will destroy select
high pay-off targets. The focus of D-2 operations is on armed reconnaissance and a
shift to emphasize attack operations exclusively requires a deliberate decision by the
commander; usually to destroy an enemy force of great criticality. Upon completion of
the D-2 reconnaissance, the ATKHB provides its reconnaissance products to the
AATFC (even if employed under a CAB).
e. If the LZs are hot, the AATFC may decide to delay, divert, or abort the mission
(see Chapter 1, Section G, abort criteria). Actions by the AATFC and attack /cavalry
Aviation may be the only way to set conditions to ―Ice‖. The aviation element will
provide an estimate of the time and resources required to change the conditions. This
will require close coordination between the AATFC and attack/cavalry Aviation to avoid
fratricide and to minimize risk to the aircrews.
f. While the ATKHB/CAV Squadron TF can perform many tasks in support of air
assault operations, it cannot perform all possible tasks. The AATFC must prioritize the
tasks he needs to have accomplished and select those that are truly essential for the
ATK/CAV elements to perform. Giving the ATKHB too many tasks will reduce the
effectiveness of the AH-64s/ OH-58s by forcing a piecemeal commitment of the
battalion. Additionally, ―continuous presence‖ can only be maintained for about 24
hours and forces a sequential employment of teams of two aircraft. The result is that
the ATK/CAV loses the flexibility to mass effects in time/space.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-8
Chapter 6
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-9
Chapter 6
h. Air assault security. The air assault security force integrates into the scheme of
maneuver for the conduct of reconnaissance, security, or overwatch operations during
all phases of the air assault IOT protect lift and assault forces from the PZ to the LZ to
preserve combat power. Air assault security is not an aerial escort mission as aerial
escort missions are flown to locate enemy forces along the route ahead of escorted
aircraft and does not necessarily apply to locating all enemy forces that can influence
the PZ, the route, the LZ, and the objective area as done during air assault security.
(1) The first attack team departs in advance of the assault force and flies
along the same route it will use. Subsequent teams use separate routes so as not to
conflict with subsequent lifts.
(4) At the set time listed on the execution checklist, (NLT RP plus 2
minutes), the attack element calls either ―Cherry‖ or ―Ice‖ for the LZ. If the element calls
―Cherry‖ then the element makes an estimate of the assets required and how long it
would take to turn the condition to ―Ice‖. (Also see Chapter 3, section E).
(5) Prior to the arrival of the assault force, priority of indirect fires are
generally given to the attack element on station. Upon arrival at the LZ, the GTC
generally assumes priority of fire.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-10
Chapter 6
a. The cavalry squadron is organized into three troops of ten aircraft (eight for
planning) each. The cavalry uses two-ship teams, troops, and/or the entire squadron to
execute missions. Generally, a team can conduct any of the subtasks under the
reconnaissance basic task. For security missions, it generally requires more than just
one team per subtask.
b. Based on other mission requirements, the cavalry can support a BCT air
assault with the entire squadron or any portion of troops, teams required. If the entire
squadron supports the mission, a command and control element (TAC) will go forward
with the air assault and/or the squadron commander or S-3 will ride in the C2 UH-60. To
maximize aircraft capabilities and best serve the AATFC, a task-organization with both
cavalry and attack assets provides the greatest versatility.
c. During the conduct of the air assault, the cavalry performs one or more
of the following missions:
(2) Task: Air route security. Purpose: Prevent the enemy from influencing
movement along the air route(s). This task may include establishing the forward
passage lane for follow-on attack/lift assets, hasty attacks, etc..
(4) Task: Area security (objective). Purpose: Deny enemy the ability to
influence friendly actions vicinity the LZ(s)/objective(s).
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-11
Chapter 6
This task may include establishing OPs to overwatch the LZ(s), providing the
―Cherry/Ice‖ call, establishing a screen, close combat attacks and reconnaissance of
ground routes from LZ to objective. If indirect fires and SEAD fires are preplanned, then
the timeline must allow sufficient time (min. of 10 minutes) for the aircraft on station to
determine if the LZ is cherry or ice. Attack / CAV aircraft provide security by integrating
into the A2C2 plan and respond to all encountered threat. Stationary SBF/ABF positions
are not desirable for attack / CAV elements, and deliberate A2C2 integration is required
to effectively ensure precision aerial fires are available during the assault.
(5) Task: Screen. Purpose: Prevent the enemy from surprising friendly
forces vicinity the LZ(s)/objective(s). The security zone (where the screen operation will
occur) may be established outside of the objective area to trigger attack assets or closer
in to assist the ground maneuver elements.
d. The cavalry may also perform other missions during or immediately following
the air assault. These missions include area security (FOB), reconnaissance of follow-
on objectives, other security operations, conducting route reconnaissance/security
(GLOC), etc. Throughout these missions, the cavalry is prepared to conduct
target/battle hand-overs to attack aviation elements, CCAs, assist with command and
control, and provide reconnaissance information and products.
2. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-12
Chapter 6
This meeting is chaired by the Sustainment Brigade SPO and attendees include
representatives from the support operations section of each brigade support battalion,
all sustainment OICs, Commodity managers, transportation section, and Aviation
Brigade representatives. Issues discussed at this conference include:
(4) Communications.
(1) Units will plan to air assault with supplies adequate for sustainment
until additional logistics support can be established by air or ground. FLE composition
and logistics aircraft apportionment within the Air Assault Task Force must take the
factors of METT-TC and the follow-on resupply plan into account.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-13
Chapter 6
(3) The SPO plans re-supply missions for the entire TF based on input
from the BCT S4. The SPO makes the ultimate decision on how best to re-supply units
based on the situation.
(4) After support requirements have been identified, the SPO conducts an
air mission coordination meeting (AMCM). See Chapter 1, section E.
(5) The night before the planned re-supply, the SPO conducts an AMB;
attendees include: SPO, Aviation operations representatives (S3 or pilots), BCT S4,
sustainment OIC, battalion S4s and forward support company commanders or XOs.
See Chapter 1, section F. The sustainment OIC is responsible for developing the PZ
diagram. The battalion S4s and forward support company commanders are responsible
for developing the LZ diagrams and for coordinating and briefing the LZ security plans.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-14
Chapter 6
(7) Approach and departure headings (e.g. do not over-fly tents or TOC‘s).
(8) Trafficability of terrain in poor weather.
1. References: FM 3-21.38 (APR 06), FM 7-92 (DEC 01), ARTEP 7-92 MTP (MAY 02),
2. Concept: The role of the Pathfinders in the Division has changed to provide additional
capabilities in the current operating environment. The Pathfinder METL consists of
Personnel Recovery, HLZ / DZ Operations, and Area Reconnaissance. Additionally,
with commander approval and appropriate training and task organization, pathfinders
may be employed in limited direct action operations such as ambush, small-scale raids,
and aerial reaction forces.
3. Insertion plan: To accomplish their mission the pathfinders are ideally inserted 72-96
hours prior to H-hour (72 hours optimum) at a distance of 5 -10 kilometers away from
the planned LZs. Pathfinders are capable of inserting in any of 3 ways: Air Assault
Landing, Airborne Insertion, and FRIES Insertion. In the event of an Air Assault
Landing, the aircraft package for insertion will normally consist of 3 x UH-60s and 2 x
AH-64s, METT-TC dependent. The Assault Aviation Commander is the AMC for the
insertion.
4. Actions after insertion: The pathfinders will infiltrate to the LZs and send back the
conditions, suitability, and enemy situation on the LZs and continue to observe the
primary LZs for changing situations. The primary and alternate LZs are confirmed for
suitability and the information relayed back to the team sergeant in the Infantry BCT
TOC (co-located with the BAE) not later than H-48 hours. The team sergeant will notify
the BDE S2 and BAE as Intel is received. Prior to the brigade air assault the pathfinders
will maintain surveillance on the LZ until approximately H-24 hours. At approximately H-
24 hours the pathfinders will move to and mark the release point (3-5 km away from
LZ), if the LZ is on or next to the objective. For LZs away from the objective, the
pathfinders will provide terminal guidance to the assault aircraft. During the operation
the pathfinders will establish 8 digit grid coordinate NFAs (200 meter radius) and locate
in the NFAs when the AH-64 Apaches are on station. Communications is established
with Apaches when on station in the AO via the BCT O/I Net. During the commo window
prior to the arrival of the Apaches, the pathfinder team sergeant will inform the
pathfinder team(s) of the time(s) the Apaches are on station. The Apaches will receive a
commo check and real time SITREP from the pathfinders at the RP or LZ at
approximately H-24 hours. Normally Apaches are on station for recons and condition
setting at approximately H-48 and H-24 hours, and again from approximately H-5 to H-3
hours (recon by fire) dependent on METT-TC. It is imperative that the Apaches maintain
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-15
Chapter 6
commo with the pathfinders in order to confirm the location and movements of the
pathfinders on the ground. The pathfinders will monitor their internal net from H-6 to H-
hour in order to give guidance and information to the assault aircraft. The assault
aircraft will drop down to the pathfinder internal net and establish communications with
the pathfinders to receive a real time SITREP. Prior to initial insertion coordination and
link-up procedures between pathfinders on the ground and the assault force are
established. Once the assault force is on the ground pathfinders execute link-up with
the GTC and/or his S2 in order to brief the GTC on all activity and intelligence they have
gathered on the ground prior to and during the air assault. Once this link-up and transfer
of information has occurred pathfinders can be extracted from the LZ or conduct an
exfiltration from the area on foot and conduct follow-on missions. Pathfinder link-up on
the LZ with the GTC facilitates the transfer of critical intelligence and prevents any delay
of information if the pathfinders were de-briefed through the assault aviation BN TOC. If
the pathfinders are going to conduct follow-on missions, those missions are normally
planned prior to the initial insertion, if possible.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-16
Chapter 6
follow-on missions. If link-up with the GTC has occurred one technique for extraction is
to extract the pathfinders at the LZ on the first aircraft of the last lift. Another available
means of extraction for the pathfinder element is SPIES. When SPIES is conducted,
the aircraft should fly the supported element to the closest LZ and touch down so the
element can board the helicopter. Time suspended in the harness should be minimized
due to weight of the Soldier with full kit.
1. Concept: The objective of the scout insertion is to gain human intelligence and
maintain surveillance of the objective and BCT (RSTA Scouts) or BN NAIs determined
by the BCT/ BN S2/S3.
2. Insertion plan: To accomplish their mission the scouts are typically inserted between
H-36 and H-24 hours in pre-planned LZs. The scouts receive the pathfinders‘
frequency, restricted area(s), and pathfinder area of operation prior to insertion. The
aircraft package for dismounted Scout Platoon insertion consists of 3 - 6 x UH-60s and
2 x AH-64s. An unarmored mounted RSTA Scout platoon requires 2 - 3 X CH-47s and
2 X AH-64s. Assault Aviation provides the AMC for the insertion.
3. Actions after insertion: The scouts conduct operations IAW the BCT or Infantry
battalion R&S collection plan and report back enemy activity IAW the R&S plan. The
AH-64s may be on station for recons at approximately H-48 and H-24 Hours, and arrive
on station at approximately H-5 to H-3 to conduct conditions setting of the objective and
LZs. When the Apaches are on station it is critical that the scouts and Apaches
coordinate on the BCT/BN O/I Net, and the Apaches know the location and movements
of the scouts. To aid in the prevention of fratricide the scouts establish 8 digit grid
coordinate NFAs (200 meter radius) for their locations in the objective area, and locate
in the NFAs prior to conditions setting of the objective and air assault. The scouts
coordinate their preplanned RFAs with their Battalion/Squadron FSO who ensures the
NFAs are given to the BCT FSO. An alternate plan is to have the scouts move to an
NFA away from the objective at approximately H-3, before the AH-64s arrive on station,
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-17
Chapter 6
and conduct polar call for fire missions to vector the AH-64s to targets. If the scouts
require close support from attack aviation they implement the attack helicopter close
combat attack call for support.
5. Extraction plan: If the scouts do not have follow on missions and are extracted from
the objective area they move to pre-planned PZs for an extraction after H-hour.
2. Warning order received: When the warning order is received, immediate planning is
initiated for the identification of proposed landing zones for the BCT air assault so a
coordinated scout/pathfinder insertion can be accomplished. Proposed landing zones
are identified by the BCT S3, BCTS2, and BAE using all available intelligence such as
map recon, satellite imagery (Space Support Element can assist in obtaining), UAV, and
Apache gun tapes if available.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-18
Chapter 6
(3) BAE: aircraft package and time separation (3-6 X UH-60s & 2 X AH-
64s for dismounted or 2-3 X CH-47s per mounted Platoon).
(5) ALO.
(a) Pre-planned fix-wing sorties (CAS).
(b) Fix-wing assets available.
(c) J-SEAD.
b. The following is a checklist that is used to plan and coordinate the insertion of
pathfinders and scouts:
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-19
Chapter 6
Topic Remarks
Command and Control Controlling Headquarters for -Insertion / Extraction
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-20
Chapter 6
Scout 2
SP Grid: NAIs
CP # 1: -
CP # 2: -
CP # 3: -
CP # 4: -
RP Grid:
NFAs Grids:
Radius (200 meters):
NLT Time for PFDRs/ Scouts to be
H
in
RP/NFAs
Attack Aviation Station Times Time Frames
Topic Remarks
Planned Extraction Points Grids:
-Pathfinders:
-Scouts:
-Scouts:
Emergency Extraction Points Grids:
-Pathfinders:
-Scouts:
-Scouts:
No Commo PZ Grid:
Signal:
PZ Posture Plan Time:
Grid to PZ Location:
Figure 6- 8: Pathfinder, RSTA Scout and BN Scout Insertion Checklist
1. General.
a. Personnel Recovery is an implied mission for all Army units. Unit commanders at
each level are responsible for recovery of their own Isolated, Missing, Displaced, or
Captured (IMDC) personnel.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-21
Chapter 6
Note: by doctrine, each service is responsible for recovering its own downed aircrews
although the Air Force maintains a CSAR mission for the theater.
2. Concept.
a. General. The preferred method of recovering personnel from any IMDC incident
is self-recovery by the unit conducting the mission. This immediate pick-up is
normally predicated on quick response by the owning unit or others operating in
the area of operations. In all cases, the conditions must be set for recovery and
suitable forces available for support. Additionally, the recovery should not be
initiated until the location is verified and the identity of the isolated personnel can
be positively authenticated. Personnel Recovery operations involve five basic
tasks:
(1) The first task (Report) involves the reporting of an IMDC incident and
the passing of pertinent elements of information through command
channels to the Personnel Recovery Coordination Center (PRCC). This
is done with the Search and Rescue Incident Report (SARIR) format.
(2) The second task (Locate) involves all actions taken to locate the IMDC
and to pass the resulting information to the appropriate organizations to
act on.
(3) The third task (Support) involves supporting the IMDC personnel once
they are located. The support includes maintaining communication with
the IMDC person and providing morale-building support using all
available means.
(4) The fourth task (Recovery) involves all efforts to recover the IMDC
person using any of the capabilities available and acceptable to the
Command.
(5) The fifth and final task (Repatriate) involves all efforts to provide care,
custody and safeguards for the returnee, including all required healthcare
and protection. Individuals that have been returned from any situation
other than an immediate pick-up will be handled IAW Joint Publication 3-
50.3 Appendix A, and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction
(CJCSI) 3270.01 (S), Personnel Recovery within the Department of
Defense, 1 July 1998.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-22
Chapter 6
b. Organization. Once the PRCC has been notified of an IMDC incident and the
owning unit cannot perform the recovery themselves, the CAB will be notified to
form a Personnel Recovery Task Force (PRTF). The PRTF will consist of three
primary components: 1) the Recovery Element (2x UH-60/ CH-47), 2) the
Rescue Escort Element (2x AH-64s) and 3) the Security Element (Pathfinder
Team). The execution of a recovery operation without attack helicopter or other
armed escort should be limited to the most benign environments. Personnel
recovery is always a seats-out operation and the Recovery Element will be
configured for SPIES/FRIES as well.
c. Employment. The force package must be ready to respond within the REDCON
requirements listed in paragraph e below. Once the CAB is notified that a
recovery is necessary, CAB (PRTF) members will immediately begin
coordination and the PRTF AMC will begin final planning.
e. Readiness Conditions. All PRTF elements will maintain one of the following
conditions as directed by higher headquarters:
3. Responsibilities.
a. CJTF Commander – Retains launch authority for all PR missions, which may be
delegated to a CAB Commander.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-23
Chapter 6
d. CAB Commander.
(2) Ensure all unit personnel are familiar with their duties and responsibilities
during a PR incident.
(3) Report all PR situations via Search and Rescue Incident Report (SARIR).
f. PRTF AMC.
(1) Receives the mission.
(2) Conducts initial mission analysis and develops the actions on the objective
plan.
(3) Controls Attack Helicopters and requests CAS through the JFARN (Joint
Fires Air Request Net), as well as direct and indirect fires during the
actions on the objective portion of the mission.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-24
Chapter 6
a. Figure 6-10 shows the PR Organization within the CAB. Reports of isolated or
missing personnel are sent to the next higher cell immediately. Initial reports may be
sent by any secure means.
CAB
BN BN
TASK FORCE TASK FORCE
PR PR
TASK FORCE TASK FORCE
Figure 6- 9: PR Organization within CAB
b. Figure 6-11 depicts the organization of the PRTF. The AMC is designated by
the Battalion Task Force Commander. Mission launch authority rests with the CAB
Commander.
PRTF
AMC
5. Employment Matrix. Use the following decision matrix when an isolated personnel
event occurs.
ISOLATED PERSONNEL EVENT WAS IMMEDIAT E RECOVERY ACCOMPLISHED?
.
YES NO
YES NO
COMPLETE PLANNING
CONDUCT AMB
UNSUCCESSFUL RECOVERY
CONTACT HIGHER HQ
SUBMIT SARIR TO HIGHER HQ REQUEST ASSISTANCE (SARREQ)
DEBRIEF CREWS AND SURVIVORS OR RELIEF FROM MISSION
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-25
Chapter 6
6. Reports
SEARCH AND RESCUE INCIDENT REPORT (SARIR)
LINE 1 REQUEST
LINE 2 PRIORITY
LINE 4 ON TIME
LINE 7 LOCATION
LINE 8 NARRATIVE
LINE 9 TIME
LINE 10 AUTHENTICATION
LINE 2 STATUS
LINE 5 LOCATION
LINE 8 NARRATIVE
(1) G3 CHOPS.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-26
Chapter 6
(4) G2.
(7) G3
(11) Chaplain.
(12) G6.
d. G3: Determine whether additional combat power is required to secure event site
and reports to the Commander.
j. G-3 AVN: Coordinate with AMD Cell to establish NFA/ ROZ over event site.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-27
Chapter 6
o. BN TF CDR: Determine whether organic forces can complete the recovery and
notify Higher CDR.
r. CAB CDR: Issue launch command upon receipt of launch authority from higher
HQ.
1. Responsive, lethal indirect fires for air assault operations depend heavily on the use
of towed 105mm and 155mm howitzers. Because of the depths at which most air
assault operations take place, the only organic all-weather fire support assets that can
normally provide close supporting fires, effective counter-fires, or lengthy suppressive
fires are 105mm or 155mm towed howitzers that are air assaulted to within range of the
targets.
2. The minimum adequate artillery for a committed infantry BCT is normally the Fires
Battalion assigned to the BCT. Because a BCT AATF normally flows into an AO as
tasked organized battalion AATF elements, the Fires battalion‘s batteries/platoons
normally air assault in conjunction with a battalion AATF. Other Fires battalion assets
such as the Q-36, battalion C2 and survey may be tasked organized with a
battery/platoon or the battalion AATF for movement into the AO. Similarly, reinforcing
assets from higher (a Fires BDE) such as 155mm towed units, metro or Q-37 radar can
be tasked organized with a BCT or battalion AATF for movement into the AO. While the
exact composition of artillery assets air assaulted in support of a BCT or battalion AATF
depends on METT-TC analysis, there are some considerations to use when planning air
assault artillery operations.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-28
Chapter 6
b. Higher level artillery assets such as 155-mm units or the Q-37 may be
attached for movement only to a BCT AASLT TF based on METT-TC. The support
relationship may be reinforcing (R) to the Fires BN, general support reinforcing (GSR) to
the Fires battalion or general support (GS) (to the division). The 155 artillery provides
increased range, lethality and ammunition options. Because 155mm artillery and Q-37
radar air assault without prime movers, they require dedicated PZs that are adequately
reconnoitered and prepared by ADVONS. Once on the PZ, they are largely immobile
until their prime movers link-up by ground convoy and are more vulnerable to enemy
artillery, air or ground attacks until ground link-up.
3. There are three primary techniques used when employing air assault artillery, each
used for different missions or scenarios. The three techniques are:
• Offset Firing Unit (Deliberate AASLT)
• Accompanying Firing Unit (Deliberate AASLT)
• Artillery Raid
Each technique offers distinct advantages and disadvantages outlined below. In any
given air assault operation one or more of these techniques may be employed. For
example, an Artillery Raid may be used prior to the BCT air assault, in conjunction with
the attack aviation condition setting to neutralize an enemy ADA site that impacts on the
attack aviation scheme of maneuver. An offset firing unit might then be used to provide
preparatory fires on the air assault objective and close support to the first lifts into the
objective. The remainder of the Fires battalion (-) uses the accompanying firing unit
technique to provide close support to the BCT AATF as it secures the airhead and
expands the lodgment.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-29
Chapter 6
4. The Offset Firing Unit technique consists of a deliberate air assault of a firing
battery into a position offset or away from the objective or target area, normally before
arrival of the main force. This technique is used when fire support will be needed in the
target area or objective for an extended period of time, and available prior to or
immediately at the start of an operation.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-30
Chapter 6
Aircraft Requirements
(105mm Battery-8 howitzers): (155mm plt-4 howitzers):
OPTION A: (Mixed Serials)
(preferred) 2 -8 x UH-60 for advance party and security platoon,
2 -8 x UH-60 for advance party ammo A/C ( METT-T dependent)
and security platoon, ammo A/C (
METT-TC dependent) 8 x CH-47 to lift 4 howitzers (w/ 80 rds) + 3 x ammo
A/C (max 480 rounds) FDC, C2
10 x CH-47 to lift howitzers w/
prime movers (22-40 rounds
each), FDC, C2,
OPTION B: (UH-60 Pure)
2 -8 x UH-60 for advance party Not feasible for 155mm.
and security platoon ( METT-TC
dependent)
a. The larger the inserted element becomes, the more difficult it becomes to
control. One technique is to insert a small C2 element from the Fires battalion (possibly
based out of a radio-equipped HMMWV) with the battery to coordinate security,
engineers, and any other attached elements (ADA, etc.). The C2 element will coordinate
with the higher HQs, thus allowing the battery commander to focus on firing battery
operations.
b. The decision to air assault the 105mm battery/platoon with or without prime
movers is important. While METT-TC analysis will dictate, having prime movers
provides additional flexibility and sustainment and is generally preferred. Lack of CH-47
aircraft and /or the assessment that the potential need to move the battery is low
dictates the use of option B. The unit will need to link up with its prime movers within 36-
48 hours or sooner if survivability moves are required.
5. The accompanying firing unit technique consists of a deliberate air assault of one
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-31
Chapter 6
or more firing batteries/platoons simultaneously with the arrival of the main force. This
technique is used when fire support is needed in the target area or objective for an
extended period of time, and other assets can provide immediate fire support for the
assault force until the battery is established.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-32
Chapter 6
Aircraft Requirements
(105mm Battery-8 howitzers): (155mm plt-4 howitzers):
OPTION A: (Mixed Serials)
(preferred)
2 -8 x UH-60 for advance party and 2 -8 x UH-60 for advance party and security
security platoon, ammo A/C ( METT- platoon, ammo A/C ( METT-TC dependent)
TC dependent)
8 x CH-47 to lift 4 howitzers (w/ 80 rds) + 3 x
10 x CH-47 to lift howitzers w/ prime ammo A/C (max 480 rounds) FDC, C2
movers (22-40 rounds each), FDC,
C2,
OPTION B: (UH-60 Pure)
2 -8 x UH-60 for advance party and Not feasible for 155mm.
security platoon ( METT-TC
dependent)
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-33
Chapter 6
a. When using the artillery raid technique a thorough mission analysis must be
performed. Some of the elements to consider include:
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-34
Chapter 6
-Is the amount of howitzers and ammunition required feasible for an AASLT raid?
-Can the force sustain the commitment of artillery, ammunition, and aircraft?
-Will the target(s) be observed? (If not, we may be risking assets that will have
had no effect on the target.)
b. For planning, allow 20-30 minutes from the time of last main-body aircraft take
off from LZ until first round down range. Allow 20 minutes from last round fired until
element is ready for extraction. Suitable laager sites for aircraft must be considered to
provide adequate security and communication with the raid battery.
c. Firing element advance party and security force will prepare and secure the LZ.
These elements also serve as the extraction hook-up crew and are the last elements
extracted.
a. MEDEVAC Planning:
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-35
Chapter 6
(3) The Forward Support MEDEVAC Team (FSMT) leader does all
MEDEVAC planning for air assaults and sustained operations in coordination
with the BCT S-1, BAE, Assault TF S-3, BCT Surgeon Cell and forward support
medical company commander.
(4) FSMT LDR will brief the MEDEVAC plan at the AMCM‘s, the AMB‘s
and the Health Service Support rehearsal.
(5) BCT S1 casualty estimate provides planning guidance for the number
of required MEDEVAC aircraft to support the air assault.
(6) MEDEVAC aircraft will be staged to support the Air Assault at the
latest possible time in order to maximize the support provided by the MEDEVAC
aircraft.
(8) Support short distance air assaults (flight time from PZ-Casualty
Collection Point-Level II/III less than 30 minutes) from the PZ or BSA.
(10) Plan MEDEVAC routes to level II or III health care and ensure the
routes are briefed to all aircrews participating in the air assault.
(11) Casualty collection point (CCP) locations are briefed during the
Division or Brigade rehearsal for the AASLT.
(12) The CH-47, in the CASEVAC role can be configured with either 24
litters or with a combination of 12 litter casualties and seats for 14 ambulatory
casualties. The CH-47 in the Mass Casualty (MASCAL) role can carry 28 casualties
with the seats in or up to 64 with seats out.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-36
Chapter 6
(1) Aircraft are OPCON to the AMC during air assault operations.
(2) MEDEVAC crews receive all air assault operation orders and aviation
support from the AMC.
(3) Normally, the AMC has launch authority, although the AATFC can
retain this authority himself. When the AATFC retains launch authority, the AMC
remains responsible for MEDEVAC execution, clearing all MEDEVAC/CASEVAC
aircraft movements, to include launch and landings, using ABN.
(4) An Evacuation OIC (BCT Med Ops Officer) will be on the C2 aircraft to
control and prioritize evacuation mission requests and will forward this information to the
AMC for launch.
(5) At every phase of the AASLT Operation, ensure there are three
redundant means (ABN, CAN1, BLUFORCE TRACKER, HF) of communication with the
supporting MEDEVAC assets. Establish pre-briefed patient movement control to
maximize the effectiveness of the MEDEVAC Aircraft (i.e. all ROUTINE patients move
on last lift of CASEVAC).
c. Execution:
(1) Units request MEDEVAC/CASEVAC over CAN 1 for the duration of the
Air Assault, using an abbreviated 5-line format. This ensures good coordination of fires
and airspace. If CBRNE contamination is either confirmed or suspected, include line #9
(NBC Contamination)
d. Ensure PZ security.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-37
Chapter 6
g. Don‘t put MEDEVAC aircraft into the ROZ too early (wastes NVG
time).
d. LZ operations:
(1) Select LZs that are level and clear of debris (commo wire, engineer
tape, loose equipment) for a 50 meter radius.
(3) Keep vehicles and personnel, except signalman, clear of area until
instructed otherwise by the aircrew. A well marked LZ with an inexperienced signalman
is better than a poorly marked LZ with an experienced signalman.
(4) Keep all other light sources away from LZ (light will inhibit aviators‘
NVGs) unless instructed otherwise by aircrew.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-38
Chapter 6
(5) Once aircraft is inbound, expect an estimated time of arrival call from
the crew. The person on the radio at the site must have visual on the LZ to confirm
signal, if required, or to assist crew in positioning.
(6) Once landed, keep personnel away from the aircraft, the flight medic
will come to the patient. The litter detail will take all commands from the flight medic.
(7) Ambulatory patients will be evacuated with their LBE and ACH if
possible. Weapons and explosives will not be loaded on MEDEVAC aircraft, all
sensitive items will remain with the casualty‘s chain of command.
(8) CAUTION!!! Aircraft rotors produce high velocity winds that can cause
injury to personnel or damage equipment. Protect your eyes and your patient‘s eyes.
(1) Backhauling is the use of lift aircraft for casualty evacuation from
landing zones.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-39
Chapter 6
(2) Backhauls will likely cause delays in the Air Movement Table
execution, unless spare aircraft are committed to replace back haul aircraft to prevent
delays of follow-on lifts. Commitment of spare aircraft will limit the effect on insertion
forces seeing wounded soldiers and bloodstains in aircraft.
(6) Call goes to C2 aircraft on CAN1, Evac OIC relays the request to
AATFC. If the request is approved, the AMC directs designated aircraft (typically the
last UH-60 in a light serial), after dropping off their soldiers to relocate to the LZ CCP to
pick up casualties.
(7) All casualties from back haul are taken back to the PZ or FARP.
(8) Backhaul aircraft with casualties will notify PZ control or FARP control
that they are inbound with casualties.
(9) The last serial of the final lift may be directed to pick up casualties as
required before the conclusion of the air assault.
f. Sustainment between the end of the Air Assault and establishment of other
casualty evacuation methods:
(1) Many options exist for positioning MEDEVAC assets to sustain BCT
long term operations:
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-40
Chapter 6
2. The MEDEVAC request: Figure 6-21 is the 9-line MEDEVAC request format. The 5-
line format uses only lines 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6.
E = convenience
If two or more categories
must be used in the
same
request, insert the word
―break‖ between each
category
4 Special Send the applicable From senior Medic, Required so that the
equipment brevity codes. A = none medic or combat combat life equipment can be placed
B = hoist lifesaver saver, or unit on board the aircraft prior
leader
C = extraction equipment to takeoff.
(jaws of life) D =
ventilator
5 Number of Report only applicable From Medic, Required so that the
casualties by information and send the assessment of combat life appropriate number of
type brevity code. If casualties saver, or unit appropriately configured
requesting MEDEVAC leader aircraft may be dispatched
for both types, insert the to the PZ.
word ―break‖ between
the
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-41
Chapter 6
armed escort)
6 Number and Specific information From Medic, combat Required to permit
type of regarding assessment of life saver, or more rapid and
casualties effective treatment
wounded, injury casualty wounds by type. unit leader of casualties.
or illness Report serious bleeding,
(Peacetime along with patient blood
type, if known
lifesaving)
7 Method of Send brevity codes: A = VS- Based on Unit leader Required to assist
marking PZ 17 panels. situation SOP, aircrew on final
and approach to PZ. Do not
B = pyrotechnic signal. C = availability of transmit color of panels,
smoke signal. D = none. E = materials smoke, or pyro; make
other (then describe). inbound aircrew identify
the color on final
approach.
8 Patient The number of casualties in From Medic, combat Required to alert
nationality and each category need not be assessment of life saver, or destination aid stations
status transmitted. Send only the casualties unit leader and hospitals of
applicable brevity codes. A inbound patient load,
= US military B = US civilian and to alert guards for
EPWs. Ensure at least
one rep at the PZ
speaks English.
C = Non-US military D =
Non-US civilian
E = EPW
NBC From evaluation
9 Include this line only when Unit leader Required to protect and
contamination of
(wartime applicable. Send the situation orient inbound aircrews.
mission) applicable brevity codes. N
= nuclear
B = biological C = chemical
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-42
Chapter 6
Note: Mission items are normally used in hostile-fire situations, training for the
same with simulated casualties, or any case where mission accomplishment takes
priority over preserving life, limb, or eyesight. Lifesaving lines are used when conditions
are not hostile and priority goes to savings life, limb and eyesight rather than mission
accomplishment.
a. Health Service Support (HHS) requires its own distinct rehearsal to get it right.
This is distinct from the CSS rehearsal. The brigade XO runs the HHS rehearsal.
Brigade participants include:
Brigade S1 (OIC)
Brigade Surgeon
Brigade Asst S3 (PZ Control representative)
Brigade BAE
Brigade FSE representative or FA Battalion XO/S1/S4
Medium Lift Aviation Company LNO
Assault Aviation LNO
Attack or Cavalry LNO
BSB Logistics Operations Officer
BSB Health Services Support Officer
BSB Medical Company Commander
BSB S2
BSB Ground Ambulance Platoon Leaders
MEDEVAC Company Air Ambulance Platoon Leader
Division Surgeon‘s Office Representative (for BCT)
Infantry Battalion S1s
Infantry Battalion Medical Platoon Leaders
b. The rehearsal of the HHS plan includes review of the enemy and friendly
situation and command and control relationships. It rehearses communications,
casualty collection, casualty treatment, evacuation, and the use and manning of
MEDEVAC and CASEVAC aircraft for each phase of the air assault operation using the
Brigade Air Assault Execution Checklist. Specific points that will be covered include:
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-43
Chapter 6
(8) Airspace control, to include PZs, LZs, routes, and SEAD plans. If a
Restricted Operating Zone (ROZ) orbit is planned, it will be discussed at the rehearsal.
(9) Planned location and day & night marking of the MEDEVAC pad
located near the Brigade Support Medical Company.
4. Medical pad. The Brigade Support Medical Company commander ensures the
MEDEVAC pad is appropriately marked for day and night MEDEVAC/CASEVAC
operations. Once the BSB establishes a dedicated MEDEVAC pad, the location of the
pad will be disseminated throughout the brigade TF and relayed to the Division
Surgeon‘s Office. The Brigade Support Battalion Medical Company commander will
have a PZ control node running the medical pad and tracking all MEDEVAC/CASEVAC
missions.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 6-44
Chapter 7
Air Assault Planning Tools
Figure 7-1 displays the standard terms used to describe groupings of aircraft in space
and time.
TIME INTERVAL
CHALK
LIFT
1. Air assault planning must be based on realistic assumptions about aircraft availability.
Figure 7-2 reflects planning factors based on the expected Operational Readiness (OR)
of 80%. In the Aviation Brigade example, this assumes massing of aircraft from both
Aviation Brigades.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 7-1
Chapter 7
π
Heavy Lift (# CH-47D/F) 8 16
Support Aircraft
Light Spares (# UH 2 4
60L/M)
Heavy Spares (# CH 2 2
47F)
C2 (# UH-60C2) 2 2
DART (# UH-60L/M) 2 4
MEDEVAC (# UH 3 9
60A/A)
TOTAL UH-60A/L 29 59
π
TOTAL CH-47D/F 10 18
TOTAL (# Combined) 41 77
Figure 7- 2: Planning Factors
Notes:
1. These figures are valid for the initial entry air assault only and assume no other aircraft will be
available for operations immediately following the air assault.
2. Mission requirements prior and subsequent to this air assault will reduce the size of the force
package.
3. In addition to initial operational readiness assumptions (80% FMC), other factors affecting the
ability to regenerate aircraft for subsequent operations include: movement of aviation unit
assembly areas, changes to task organization, combat losses, and other mission requirements.
4. Minimum downtime for regeneration is eight hours for pre-planned missions.
π
Note Aviation Brigades have only one company of CH-47s = 12 aircraft on-hand. A BCT Air
Assault would require the CH-47s from both Aviation Brigades.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 7-2
Chapter 7
1. Because the duration of air assaults are limited by flight crew endurance, there are
two primary factors that impact the size of the force that can be lifted in one night. The
first is the distance from the PZ to the LZ; the shorter the distance, the more turns that
the aircraft can fly before exhausting the flight hours restricted by fighter management
provisions (see Section D in this chapter). The second primary factor is the decision
whether to operate with seats out, which impacts the ACL. Additional factors are less
central, but do have an impact. These include temperature, humidity, air density, and
altitude.
2. The tables located on the following pages take the number of aircraft allocated to
Assault AVN TF (from the previous chart – less Spares and DART a/c) and break them
down over time into the number of loads available given a distance. These tables allow
the BAO to determine assault echelon allocations given the number of loads available
and number of units requested. These calculations assume a standard light serial = 5 x
UH-60L/M, and a heavy serial = 4 x CH-47D/F.
Note: Assumes a PZ time of 10 minutes, FARP time of 20 minutes, 100 kts ground speed on ingress, 60
knots to the SP and RP inbound, adding one minute for each segment and two minutes LZ time and 120
kts ground speed on egress. Seats out ACL is 18 for UH-60, and 50 for CH-47.
Figure 7- 3: Seats Out Capabilities of an Air Assault Aviation TF under NVGs
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 7-3
Chapter 7
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 7-4
Chapter 7
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 7-5
Chapter 7
1. Air assault operations typically consist of three distinct echelons: assault, follow-on,
and rear. Only the first of these echelons air assaults.
1. GENERAL.
a. Fighter management policy governs the length of time that aircrews and
supporting personnel may perform their duties without rest to ensure their performance
is not degraded by fatigue. Supporting personnel include those performing or
supervising aircraft maintenance and/or armament/POL servicing. Fighter management
is a critical planning consideration for all air assault operations.
c. Supported units should contact their supporting aviation unit to verify current
fighter management policy prior to planning Air Assault missions.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 7-6
Chapter 7
UH-60L
Assumptions: Are based off the current CENTCOM theatre of operations.
Combat Aircraft: 17,000 lbs, crew 4, door guns installed, 2,100 lbs fuel
Environmental: + 1000 PA, + 30 degrees C
Mission: Cruise 110 kts, 30 min fuel reserve
ACL
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 7-7
Chapter 7
1. ACL with external loads is based on the weight of the specific load, not to exceed a
total of 5,000 lbs (including passengers and internal load). To exceed this may reduce
the ability of the aircraft to meet range requirements.
2. The CG is the approval authority for ―seats out‖ in training and in combat.
3. Detainees can be placed on the floor during seats-in missions based on
temperatures and Division commander approval. This will be treated as a seats out
mission.
UH-60M
Combat Aircraft: 17,300lbs includes: crew of 4, door guns installed, BAPS installed,
2150 fuel onboard.
Environmental: +6600 PA, +30 C
Mission: 110kts G/S +20 minute reserve
ACL
1. ACL with external loads is based on the weight of the specific load, not to exceed
a total of 2,600 lbs (including passengers and internal load). This places the
aircraft at its MAX GROSS WEIGHT OGE at these conditions.
2. The CG is the approval authority for ―seats out‖ in training AND IN COMBAT.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 7-8
Chapter 7
PA TEMPERATURE
Figure 7- 10: UH-60 Max Gross Weight for Out of Ground Effect Hover Pressure Altitude and
Temperature Effects
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 7-9
Chapter 7
Combat Aircraft: 33,000 lbs, crew 5, door guns installed, 6,000 lbs fuel
Environmental: + 1000 PA, + 30 degrees C
Mission: Cruise 110 kts, 30 min fuel reserve
ACL
1. ACL with external loads is based on the weight of the specific load, not to exceed a
total of 50,000 lbs (including passengers, internal load, and slingloads). To exceed this
may reduce the ability of the aircraft to meet range requirements (require fuel to be
consumed before takeoff).
2. The CG is the approval authority for ―seats out‖ in training and in combat.
3. Detainees can be placed on the floor during seats-in missions based on
temperatures and Division commander approval. This will be treated as a seats out
mission.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 7-10
Chapter 7
Equipment GW
RSTA or TOW HMMWV w/2 PAX 8500
M1114 12,500
M1151 16,000
Unarmored HMMWV 7500
Cargo Net 3500
500 Gallon Fuel Blivet of JP8 3750
200 Gallon Water Blivet 2125
M119 Howitzer w/3 PAX 4900
Water Buffalo (400 Gallons) 6320
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 7-11
Chapter 7
= Mission No-Go
= Mission Degradation
= No Mission Impact
Figure 7- 14: OH-58 Pressure Altitude and Temperature Effects
Optics
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 7-12
Chapter 7
Armament
200m HE
2.75 FFAR 7600m Up to 14
300m MPSM
Hellfire Missile 8000 m Up to 4 120m
Stinger
Up to 4 NA
Missile Classified
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 7-13
Chapter 7
Range: Radius
= Mission No-Go
= Mission Degradation
= No Mission Impact
Figure 7- 17: Pressure Altitude and Temperature Effects AH-64D
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 7-14
Chapter 7
Optics
Detect Recognize Identify
TADS / DTV 10+ Km 8-10 Km 5-7 Km
TADS / FLIR 8-10 Km 3-5 Km 1-3 Km
Figure 7- 18: AH-64D Optics
Armament
*MPSM not recommended for CCAs due to dispersal pattern and potential for duds in the target
area.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 7-15
Chapter 7
Purpose: This section provides standard terms and definitions used in the division for
planning and executing deep attacks and air assault operations.
REDCON/Mission/Aircraft Summary
RESPONSE AIRCRAFT
LVL AIRCRAFT ENGINES APU AVIONICS WEAPONS COMMO
TIME PREPARATION
100%
OH-58
IMMEDIATE RPM NA ALL ON STANDBY INTERNAL NA
1 AH-64/UH-
RESPONSE 100% NA ALL ON INITIALIZED INTERNAL NA
60/ CH-47
RPM
SET FOR
FIFTEEN OH-58 PRC
START NA OFF OFF PILOTS AT
2 (15) AH-64/UH- 119/112
SET FOR ON ALL ON OFF AIRCRAFT
MINUTES 60/ CH-47 INTERNAL
START
SET FOR PRC
THIRTY OH-58 PILOTS ON
START NA OFF OFF 119/112
3 (30) AH-64/UH- STANDBY W/
SET FOR OFF OFF OFF PRC
MINUTES 60/ CH-47 RTO
START 119/112
A/C
OH-58
ONE (1) NA NA OFF OFF UNIT SOP THRUFLIGHT,
4 AH-64/UH-
HOUR NA OFF OFF OFF UNIT SOP CREWS
60/ CH-47
BRIEFED
A/C
OH-58
TWO (2) NA NA OFF OFF UNIT SOP THRUFLIGHT,
5 AH-64/UH-
HOURS NA OFF OFF OFF UNIT SOP CREWS
60/ CH-47
BRIEFED
A/C
MORE OH-58
NA NA OFF OFF UNIT SOP THRUFLIGHT,
6 THAN TWO AH-64/UH-
NA OFF OFF OFF UNIT SOP MSN
(2) HRS 60/ CH-47
PLANNING
Figure 7- 20: REDCON Aircraft Summary
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 7-16
Chapter 7
SECTION K: DEPLOYABILITY
C = (F-32) / 1.8
F= (C x 1.8) + 32
Figure 7- 22: Temperature Conversion Factors
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 7-17
Chapter 7
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 7-18
Chapter 8
Airspace Command and Control
SECTION A: ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
1. Air Assault Task Force Commander (normally the Infantry BCT in which case the
BAE serves as the Commander‘s representative)
a. Responsible for all airspace within his boundaries from the surface up to the
coordinating altitude.
b. Responsible for clearance of fires within his boundaries.
c. Ensure the Aviation Brigade(s) and / or OPCON Aviation units have situational
awareness of fire support assets within its boundaries.
d. Coordinate with the Division AC2 /TAC AC2 element for submission of
Airspace Control Means Requests (ACMRs) for any operation or activity that may affect
aviation safety. Operations include but are not limited to indirect fire areas, small arms
ranges, weather balloon releases, RAID and JLENS balloons and UAS operations.
Coordination with the Division AC2 shall be conducted through the use of TAIS or WEB
ACMR on SiprNet connections IAW Division AC2 SOP.
e. Responsible for ensuring any UAS assets are reported by tail number, type,
location, and unit to Division AC2 for inclusion on the Air Tasking Order (ATO).
f. Submit Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) requests to Division AC2 for any activities
that affect safety of flight.
2. Aviation Brigade
a. Submit requests for Airspace Coordination Measures (e.g. routes, ROZs) to
Division AC2 / TAC AC2 via TAIS WEB ACMR IAW Division AC2 SOP.
b. Ensure aircrews are aware of and comply with established Airspace Control
Measures (ACMs) as published in the Airspace Control Order (ACO).
c. Ensure the Division AC2 / TAC AC2 is notified when ACMs are no longer
necessary so they can be removed from the ACO.
d. Ensure all aviation assets by tail number, type, location, and unit are reported
to Division AC2 for inclusion on the Army ATO.
e. Submit Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) requests to Division AC2 element for any
activities that affect safety of flight.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 8-1
Chapter 8
a. Receive TAIS WEB ACMR inputs from supported units and coordinate
approval through higher headquarters (as applicable).
c. Ensure that all aircraft missions are submitted to higher and ultimately included
in the Air Tasking Order, and that all aircraft receive valid transponder code
assignments.
e. Ensure TAIS connectivity with all ABCS systems (AFATDS, AMDWS, ASAS,
etc.) to provide Common Operating Picture to commander.
j. Coordinate with G2 for integration of intelligence collection assets into ATO and
ACO production (as applicable).
k. Coordinate with G5 Plans for future mission AC2 planning, and G3 Operations
for current operations ACO/ATO execution.
l. Provide updated airfield, LZ, PZ, DZ, FARP/RRP, and air traffic service status
to higher headquarters.
n. Receive and monitor status of all training ranges and areas to ensure
deconfliction with air assets and ACMs listed on current day‘s ACO.
o. Coordinate with FSCOORD to ensure all indirect fire areas are included in
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 8-2
Chapter 8
a. Functions of the Division AC2 mirror that of the TAC AC2 when deployed as a
Division level headquarters.
NOTE: WHEN DIVISION AC2 IS DEPLOYED AS A CJFLCC/JFLCC
HEADQUARTERS THE FOLLOWING RESPONSIBILITIES APPLY IN ADDITION TO
THOSE LISTED IN PARAGRAPHS C1 THROUGH C14 ABOVE.
b. De-conflict and approve all TAIS WEB ACMR requests within CJFLCC/JFLCC
airspace at or below the coordinating altitude.
c. Coordinate and request approval for all TAIS WEB ACMRs with the Battlefield
Coordination Detachment (BCD) at the Air Operations Center (CAOC/JAOC) for
requests above the coordinating altitude.
d. Compile and Organize data from all subordinate units and submit data to the
AOC for inclusion to Army ATO.
a. Coordinate with the TAC AC2 /Division AC2 for input of airspace coordination
measures into TAIS.
c. Ensure all contingency firing requests are coordinated with the TAC AC2
/Division AC2 to de-conflict airspace for aviation safety. (Coordination with TACP
and/or ALO only provides immediate safety of flight alerts to fixed-wing assets.)
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 8-3
Chapter 8
d. Ensure coordination measures are in effect for all firing units for all immediate
(enemy suppression etc.) missions to de-conflict airspace at airfields, heliports, and
high-density air traffic areas with local air traffic assets.
DIV AC2
TAC AC2
COORDINATION
REPORT/COORDINATE
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 8-4
Chapter 8
1. Air route. An air route is a restricted area of travel that defines a specific path an
aircraft will use. Air routes are used by Division and lower level assets and, if approved,
are listed on the current ACO. Direction of travel can be dictated as one direction or
two-way traffic.
2. Air corridor. An Air Corridor mirrors an air route in functionality, but is designated at
Corps/Division or higher level. It is generally wider than an air route.
4. Coordinating Altitude. The coordinating altitude is used to separate fixed and rotary
wing traffic and limits the ceiling of fire support operations without prior coordination with
the AOC. The establishment of a coordinating altitude determines the altitude below
which fixed wing aircraft will normally not fly and the altitude above which rotary wing
aircraft will normally not fly. The coordinating altitude is established by the Joint Forces
Air Component Commander (JFACC) and is published in the Airspace Coordination
Order (ACO).
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 8-5
Chapter 8
6. Position Area Hazard (PAH). A type of ROZ established over the firing position of
indirect fire support assets to enhance aviation safety.
7. Target Area Hazard (TAH). A type of ROZ established over the surface target for
indirect fires to enhance aviation safety.
a. When developing a Course of Action, the ground maneuver unit should plan
an Air Axis of Advance. This provides the general concept to the Aviation planners who
will further refine it into routes, while providing enough guidance as to what direction the
Commander wants to approach from. The developed axis of advance is not submitted
to Division AC2.
b. Upon receipt of the COA, the Aviation unit (LNO) plans the air routes within the
air axis of advance. The aviation unit will normally plan multiple routes within the axis of
advance because the air defense picture may not be clear yet. The Division will always
plan one way routes. The BAE can (and should) assist in route planning but the
supporting Aviation unit is responsible for completing the routes and submitting to
Division AC2 for inclusion on the ACO.
2. ROZ planning
a. Any unit with organic UAVs is responsible for planning their own ROZs for
UAS launch and recovery. All elements operating UASs in a BCT will submit their
request through the BAE for de-confliction prior to it being submitted to the TAC/Division
AC2.
b. UAS launch and recovery ROZs should typically be 3Km radius, surface to
coordinating altitude, but may be tailored to meet operational requirements. Due to their
size, UAS launch and recovery ROZs should not be planned near either indirect fire
assets or supporting Aviation unit Assembly Areas and / or FARPs if possible.
c. The supporting Aviation Brigade will submit ROZ locations for C2 and
MEDEVAC aircraft to Division AC2.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 8-6
Chapter 8
enables for control of the battle as it moves forward as well as providing a ROZ if
needed for the Division Mobile Command Group (MCG).
e. Fire support assets can utilize ROZs to assist in the deconfliction of airspace
between firing locations and target locations.
a. Grid-line or terrain feature separation method. This is the most restrictive but
easiest method. With this method a specific code-word on the execution checklist will
trigger the attack and / or cavalry assets to clear the airspace for inbound assault assets
by moving out of the way. A subsequent code word indicates when the attack/cavalry
assets can maneuver freely again in and around the objective area. While simple to
use, this method is highly restrictive and may not allow the attack and / or cavalry
assets to engage targets in the close combat attack role during the air assault. This
method is appropriate when prior planning was not possible or extremely limited and / or
it is being conducted with non-habitually aligned units.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 8-7
Chapter 8
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 8-8
Chapter 8
1. During an air assault with numerous aircraft in the vicinity of the LZ, it is critical that
procedures are in place to de-conflict airspace between aircraft and indirect fires.
a. Ensure that aircrews have the planned indirect fire positions (including
mortars) prior to the mission.
b. Do not plan any fire support position (including mortars actually on the LZ so
as not to conflict with any subsequent serials.
c. Ensure that at least one of the Aviation team members monitors the fire
support net for situational awareness.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 8-9
Chapter 8
f. The ground Tactical Commander should develop a Fire Contact List to ensure
all fire support, aviation, ATS, and ADA assets do not conflict with responsive mission
needs.
g. Ensure all participating units are briefed daily on current ACO/ATO changes
and updates that may affect air mission planning and execution.
h. Ensure all units update firing unit locations, firing point origins, and final
protective fire lines as they change for inclusion in current ACO.
1. General. In an environment lacking a Fixed Wing (FW), Rotary Wing (RW), and
Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) threat, the Divisional Sentinel Radar Section (2 x
Sentinel Radars) may be employed to assist in conducting Airspace Command and
Control by providing situational awareness of friendly aircraft within a local area. The
Sentinel Section may be retained at Division and data-linked to the Division AMD Cell
Forward Area Air Defense Command and Control (FAADC2) system or Task Organized
to a BCT and data-linked to the BCT ADAM Cell FAADC2 system. The FAADC2
system sends the Sentinel Radar air picture to the Air Defense System Integrator
(ADSI), which provides the combined air picture to subordinate, adjacent and higher
headquarters, and other Army Battlefield Command System (ABCS) platforms in the
Division, such as Air & Missile Defense Workstation (AMDWS), Advanced Field Artillery
Tactical Data System (AFATDS), Command Post of the Future (CPOF), and Tactical
Airspace Integration System (TAIS).
2. Sentinel Radar capabilities. The Sentinel Radar has a 360 degree, Line of Sight
detection capability with a range in excess of 40 KM. Aircraft detected by the Sentinel
Radar can be cross-referenced by using Mode 3 IFF Codes against data provided in the
Air Tasking Order (ATO) in order to determine aircraft type, call sign and tail number.
Aircraft not able to be cross-referenced on the ATO are classified as FW or RW based
on their speed and flight characteristics.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 8-10
Chapter 9
TACTICS, TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURES (TTPs)
Purpose: This chapter provides several tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs)
used by units in the Division for critical operations that support or are part of task force
level air assault operations.
1. Daylight staging is desired for hookup teams, PZ controls, and personnel. If possible,
aircraft should be staged during daylight as well. In the desert, there are no visual
references (such as hardball roads, defined tree lines, etc) to guide either loads or
aircraft to the PZ. To plan for loads to arrive at night ensures friction. Because aircraft
are flying off GPS grids, the PZ can call in updated lead touchdown points to PZ control,
which forwards the updated grids to the aviation elements.
2. Aircraft serials coming into a PZ for the first time should be sequenced in five minute
intervals. Usually aircraft are finding the PZ using GPS, and there may be two
touchdown points marked on a PZ. By sequencing in the serials, staging problems can
be solved before too many aircraft are on the ground. There is no rush to enter into the
PZ. Take ample time to sequence in.
3. Serials should work the same PZ. The goal is to keep the operation as simple as
possible. Flying into the same PZ every time accomplishes this goal.
4. The PZ control officer must maintain the ability to reconfigure the PZ at short notice in
response to wind changes and terrain wearing. Contingency PZ set-up plans should
address anticipated seasonal or cardinal direction wind changes. Pilots must also be
prepared to adjust headings based on wind direction when picking up loads.
5. Separation in PZs (minimal distances): Due to blowing dust and sand, aircraft
separation must be increased. 150m for UH-60 in staggered/echelon formation, and
250m for CH-47 external loads.
6. ACLs: Ensure that altitude constraints on weight are considered and briefed. (it is not
unusual for a UH-60 to fly only 6500 lb. and a CH-47 only 16,500 lb.) Also load times
must be adjusted: 3 min for personnel on load for UH-60, 10 min hookup from final
approach for external load UH-60 or CH-47.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 9-1
Chapter 9
7. Crisis action teams (CAT): No less than one CAT per every two loads is standard,
due to the distance between loads and the transit time involved. CATs are the decisive
factor in PZ operations. They need to send timely, accurate spot reports, know the
layout of the PZ, and act quickly to solve any problems. They and the hook up teams
must see the PZ during the daylight.
9. Light PZ: The multiple touchdown points technique allows two serials to pick-up
simultaneously. Also, incoming serials do not need to wait for dust to settle on the PZ,
(as with normal one touchdown point PZs), because of the separation of the two
touchdown points. This technique allows units to mass within a short amount of time.
10. Recommended enroute airspeed and altitude is no more than 80 knots and 80 feet
at night due to loss of contrast and visual references.
1. Time separation: 1 minute between serials at different touchdown points within the
same LZ grouping. 5-8 minute between serials at the same touchdown points. Offload
times (UH-60/CH-47): 1 min with external load, 5 minutes with external load and pax.
3. LZ groupings and branches allow for flexibility. Multiple touchdown points put forces
on the ground quickly in the same AO while avoiding brown-out conditions. Multiple
touchdown points also throw off mobile anti-landing forces.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 9-2
Chapter 9
REFUEL
3. Equipment should be maintained using plastic bags and 100 mph tape around hose
joints and connections to reduce the effect of sand in creating fuel leaks. Hoses should
be inspected following every refuel operation.
CCAs
TTPs for CCAs do not change very much for desert operations. However, one
consideration that should be taken into account is the effect of high temperatures.
Ground commanders must realize that high temperatures can reduce the weapons load
and/or fuel an aircraft can bring to the fight. This must be incorporated into the ground
tactical plan as aircraft may have less station time and require additional FARP
rotations.
1. General. The artillery raid technique consists of air assaulting a firing element
forward to fire a specific mission, and then extracting the element via helicopter
immediately after the mission is completed. This is usually done as a mission separate
from a maneuver air assault but may be used as an alternative to the offset firing unit
technique based on METT-TC. The artillery raid technique is used when a stationary,
high value target requires attack by indirect fires, the fires are needed for a short time
only, and adequate observation of the target is provided. Quick and timely execution (‗in
and out‖) is of the essence. Target analysis will determine the number of howitzers and
the amount of ammunition required for the raid. Figures 9-3, 9-5, and 9-6 illustrate
planning factors for a 8 gun battery raid. Actual equipment and personnel required will
be based upon METT-TC.
a. References.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 9-3
Chapter 9
(5) ARTEP 6-037-30-MTP dtd FEB 97, Mission Training Plan Field
Artillery Cannon (Consolidated) Firing Battery Task 06-05 -44002.
b. Training Objective
c. Considerations.
(1) General. The air assault artillery raid is a high-risk, short duration
operation used to allow the attack of high payoff targets located beyond the range of
friendly artillery positioned behind the FLOT and / or targets tactically "out of reach" of
other available fire support or maneuver systems. Detailed planning, accurate fires of
sufficient volume and speed in execution are key to its success. Minimal required
equipment and personnel should be taken. Like all air assault operations, the ground
tactical plan (GTP) drives the mission planning.
(2) Raid Configurations. Both the M119 (105mm), the M198 (155mm), and
the M777 (155mm) can be used to conduct an air assault artillery raid. The M119 can
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 9-4
Chapter 9
be raided as an external load or internal load, and the M198 and the M777 can be
raided externally. The configurations and their advantages and disadvantages are
described in the table below. While the available aircraft may limit some of the
configuration choices, the battery commander normally determines the most suitable
configuration based on METT-TC and in coordination with the Artillery S-3 and the Air
Mission Commander.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 9-5
Chapter 9
2. RESPONSIBILITIES
a. Fires battalion. (For a platoon raid (4 Guns) the battery commander (BC) can
do these tasks and his PL can do the BC tasks.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 9-6
Chapter 9
(2) PZ control/organization.
b. Battery commander.
c. Aviation Support.
3. PLANNING.
a. Air assault artillery raid planning begins immediately upon receipt of a mission.
Artillery raid missions may originate from Division or from BCT/ Fires battalion. Division
planners should conduct continuous coordination with the BCT S3 if artillery assets will
conduct the raid. The target is likely to be perishable, therefore the planning phase
must be short. The initial steps in the planning process follow:
1. Type mission.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 9-7
Chapter 9
(2) Mission analysis. The mission is planned using the reverse planning
sequence and addresses the five air assault phases. The options available include a
Platoon raid of 4 guns or a battery raid of 8 guns, however the actual number of
howitzers to be used in the raid is determined by target analysis, joint munitions effects
manual (JMEM), the commander‘s attack criteria, and aircraft availability. Abort criteria
and required conditions must be determined early and applied throughout the operation
(final condition checks and decision points).
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 9-8
Chapter 9
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 9-9
Chapter 9
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 9-10
Chapter 9
(a) PZ selection:
(3) Air mission coordination meeting (AMCM). The purpose of the AMCM
is to complete coordination between the artillery unit and the aviation unit to ensure the
GTP is adequately supported. This meeting follows the development of the GTP. At
the AMCM, the battery commander briefs the GTP; specifically, the composition of
personnel and equipment to be delivered (air assault) and the location of the LZs/FPs.
Attendees include: Fires BN S3, S2, BC(s)/PL(s), the BAE (or representative), the air
mission commander (AMC), the forward observers (FA and AVN), and other staff
officers as required. The air movement table, an updated timeline specifying the
schedule of events, and all information needed for the AMB are produced at the
conclusion of the AMCM. The air mission coordination meeting (AMCM) coordinates
based on the GTP:
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 9-11
Chapter 9
(5) The air crew brief (ACB). The ACB provides aviation unit leaders with
an operation order specific to aviators. The Fires BN S3 or S3 Air should attend to act
as the artillery unit representative. The ACB may be combined with the AMB to save
time and expedite preparations.
(6) Artillery advance party (AP).
PERSONNEL EQUIPMENT
BATTERY COMMANDER TACSAT*, RT 1523, Map, Chemlites, Strobe,
Compass, Pyro, VS-17 Panel, XO Handbook,
NVGs, PLGR, CONE FLASHLIGHT, IMBTR, M2
Compass
UHF, Raid Chart w/equip, GFTs/TFTs, RDPs, AFATDS,
FDC CHIEF COMPUTER
CENTAUR, PLGR
FDC SPECIALIST x 2 RT 1523, OE-254, Map, Poncho
MEDIC Aid Bag
GUNNERY SERGEANT 1 GLPS/1 M2A2 A/C, Chemlites, VS-17, Cone flashlight,
Map, PLGR, NVGs, XO Handbook
SECURITY: 8 x GUN
1 -M-240B MG, Flashlights, NVGs/NODs, 8 x
GUIDES, INF
SQUAD compass, (INF w/equip per SOP)
COMMO MAN (X 2 w/
1 GLPS Battery, Extra handset, Lay Data Card
TACSAT)*
Figure 9- 5: Artillery Advance Party
NOTE: If two or more ADVON aircraft are used, add FDO to 2d aircraft with the commo man
and additional security. FDO will bring in a CENTAUR and GFT/TFT. Consider using a NBC
NCO with a M-8 alarm and/or CAM if the NBC threat warrants. The AP personnel must also
have air assault expendables when they act as hook-up teams for the extraction.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 9-12
Chapter 9
PERSONNEL EQUIPMENT
PLATOON LEADER
1 A/C, Map, Flashlight, XO Handbook
(PL)
CFB PLGR, Compass, 1 x A/C, CENTAUR
FDO PLGR, Compass, GFTs/TFTs
1 RT 1523, OE-254, Raid Chart w/equip, RDPs,
FDC SPECIALIST x 2
Poncho
HOWITZER SECTIONS
CHIEF Gunner‘s Quadrant, RT 1523, Extra firing pin
GUNNER Sight Box, Flashlight (Lens per SOP),
Reckoning Tool, Extractor
NUMBER ONE MAN Collimator
NUMBER TWO MAN Fuse Wrench, 4513s
Figure 9- 6: Artillery Raid Main Body
NOTE: 3d Section will carry ramming staff and bell rammer and PLGR. Personnel
designated to hook-up loads during extraction must have goggles, gloves, and static
probe (if a reach pendant is not used).
(8) Rehearsals.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 9-13
Chapter 9
(1) PZ operations.
(a) General. The HHB element provides PZ support to the air
assaulting battery, establishing PZ control, marking the PZ, and providing PZ NCOIC
and hook-up personnel.
(b) Actions on the PZ.
1. Establish security.
2. Mark PZ IAW AMB/Establish PZ control.
3. Move to PZ in load order to facilitate occupation. Position
loads.
4. Rig loads for sling operations/load aircraft internally.
5. Inspect loads.
1. PZ OIC/NCOIC.
2. Advance party.
3. Main body.
4. Hook up teams.
(d) Communications.
1. The Aviation and Fires battalion SIGOs coordinate the fill,
HF frequencies, and TACSAT. They establish frequencies for the air battle net (ABN),
command and control, the FARP, fires control net, and PZ control net. It is important
that the PZ control net is free of unnecessary traffic. The same frequency that is used
on the initial PZ should be used on the extraction PZ. Once frequencies and call-words
are determined, the SIGOs create a TF commo card and disseminate it to the TF at the
AMB.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 9-14
Chapter 9
a. PZ Control
b. LZ control (GTC or his representative)
c. AMC
d. AATFC
e. FDC
f. GTC
g. Aviation leads (lift and attack assets)
h. FARP (if used)
(e) PZ execution.
1. Enemy situation.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 9-15
Chapter 9
2. AZ of fire.
3. LZ landing plan.
4. Position formation/layout.
5. Challenge/password.
6. Nonstandard conditions/actions.
(b) Personnel. The AP battle drill starts when they land on the LZ
and it stops when the gun lands. The drill is to be completed in order, until the main
body arrives. The AP man will complete remaining tasks after leading his section into
position.
(b) Sweep LZ. 1SG or designated NCO leads AP sweeps using fire
team wedges. A M-240B MG may be emplaced in overwatch. BC conducts hasty recon
and directs aiming circle location to GSG. As the area is secured, the GSG erects
aiming circles (legs should be sandbagged, if possible, to prevent rotor wash
displacement). After the sweep the AP gets the equipment and moves to the aiming
circle (aircraft).
(g) Provide terminal guidance for lead aircraft. All others move to
assembly point until load is cut and aircraft has departed the LZ and then move to load
and begin derigging.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 9-16
Chapter 9
(c) Select Position. Position OE-254 or other antennas. Ensure they will
not affect LZ operations.
(c) INT DF/SUB/ VA: COMMO act as alternate to record data on lay data
card. Assist FDC #2 transmit data to FDC. Gun position to initialize the HTU/CENTAUR.
(a) Aircraft cut sling loads after placing load on marked touchdown point.
Aircraft then land left of the load and the crew exits through the right door towards the
load.
(b) The crew de-rigs only what is required to put the gun in action and
executes a hasty occupation.
(d) Upon EOM and "march order", the section secures all dunnage to
ensures no debris is on the extraction PZ and re-rigs the howitzer for extraction.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 9-17
Chapter 9
(e) The commander calls for extraction once all loads are rigged, checked
and personnel are in PZ posture.
(f) The advanced party acts as hook-up teams for the main body
extraction and then loads the AP aircraft and departs.
3. Planning Considerations:
a. Current situation: what is the current IED threat level, most common IED types
and configurations (visual indicators), review of last 10 days of IED activity.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 9-18
Chapter 9
1. General: Fast Roping is employed to rapidly insert forces into small or restrictive
landing zones where aircraft cannot land. Due to the hazards involved, the
Commanding General is the approval authority for all Fast Rope Insertion/Extraction
System (FRIES) operations. For more information on FRIES see the 101st Airborne
Division Fast Rope SOP dated 01 February 2008.
3. Designated aviation units. Aviation units assigned to the 101st Airborne Division
equipped with UH-60 and CH-47 aircraft will fly missions in support of designated
ground units conducting FRIES training and operations. Crews will be fully trained and
qualified to fly fast rope insertion missions IAW established training standards.
Currently, the CH-47F model aircraft is incapable of conducting FRIES operations. The
airframe does not have the proper provisions to install the FRIES equipment.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 9-19
Chapter 9
SECTION E: Aerial Reaction Force (ARF) and Aerial Weapons Platform (AWP)
Operations
1. General. The Aerial Reaction Force is a flexible aerial platform that provides an
immediate Quick Reaction Force (QRF) capable of interdicting both personnel and
vehicles that flee a target during an Air Assault operation. The Aerial Weapons Platform
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 9-20
Chapter 9
(AWP) is a flexible aerial platform that provides flexible precision fires against selected
targets or disables vehicles enabling an aerial or ground interdiction. The AWP may be
integrated into the ARF package for deliberate or hasty vehicle interdiction missions.
The ARF-AWP package can be configured based on METT-TC or ground force
requirements. Figure 9-6 illustrate the standard and specific ARF-AWP packages.
a. References
(1) FM 3-21.8 THE INFANTRY RIFLE PLATOON AND SQUAD
(2) FM 3-21.38 PATHFINDER OPERATIONS
(3) FM 90-4 AIR ASSAULT OPERATIONS
(4) 159TH PATHFINDER COMPANY TACSOP
b. Configurations of the ARF-AWP
2. Operational Considerations
a. The Aerial Reaction Force and Aerial Weapons Platform are used to interdict
highly dynamic individual targets, counter the mobility advantage of enemy fighters, and
to provide escalation of precision fires to disable or destroy targets while reducing the
risk of collateral damage significantly. The ARF can be utilized in many different
operations as part of the Air Assault Task Force (AATF) or as a standalone element.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 9-21
Chapter 9
3. Tactical Employment
a. Depending on the tactical situation, the configuration of the ARF-AWP, and the
overall Air Assault Package, several battle drills can be performed by the ARF-AWP in
order to interdict or engage the enemy. In general the employment of the ARF occurs in
five phases. Phase I begins when an individual or vehicle leaves an objective. ISR
assets positively identify the individual or vehicle and report it as CCIR. Phase II begins
when the AATF or AMC commits the ARF to interdict the mover. Phase III begins when
the ARF has the target isolated. During Phase IV, the ARF detains or engages the
enemy depending on the situation. Phase V of ARF employment begins with the
exploitation of the mover, hand off to GFC, and extraction of the ARF. Critical to
successful employment of the ARF is the execution of key leader and communication
rehearsals and the detailed rehearsal of movement techniques/formations and actions
on contact.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 9-22
Chapter 9
c. Interdiction- Close In. The Close in interdiction of personnel by the ARF is best
used at night, and when a target remains dynamic. It is also used to interdict vehicles
and motor bikes. It requires an escalation of force from the aircraft in order to force a
target to stop. Close in interdictions are dangerous in that they may become kinetic
engagements at any point during the interdiction. Figure 9-10 illustrates the ARF
interdiction of a vehicle by phase.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 9-23
Chapter 9
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 9-24
Chapter 9
4. Responsibilities
b. AATF Commander
(1) Approve Use of ARF-AWP
(2) Commit ARF
(3) Approve AWP for precision fires
5. Planning
b. An ARF-AWT mission requires a unique annex to the AMCM and ACB. The
ARF-AWT annex contains the following:
(1) Type of Mission (ARF-AWP-Vehicle-Pax)
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 9-25
Chapter 9
b. Considerations for the OOB can be but are not limited to: CAS
and ISR play time, AWT/SWT availability, bingo time on UH, etc.
(4) Establishment of NAI‘s and TAI‘s for likely interdiction insertion LZ‘s
and likely areas of enemy departure.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 9-26
Chapter 9
6. Scenario/Application.
a. Typical use of the ARF in Afghanistan against a suspected high value target
included a 2xAH/OH, 2xUH, and 2xCH aircraft task organization. With 60 infantry
loaded on the CH-47s as the assault, blocking, and C2 forces landing to at least three
HLZs and 16 pathfinders on the UH-60s as the ARF, isolation can be attained and clear
maneuver C2 is maintained.
b. Infil: If UAS/ISR is available prior to the air assault, it is critical to leverage the
asset to build situational awareness and determine if the objective building/location has
any movement and/or if the HLZs are clear of enemy personnel. Without the UAS, the
AWT or SWT will spend more time in the vicinity conducting reconnaissance (potentially
alerting the target). Five minutes prior to H-hour (wheels down), regardless of
illumination conditions, it is a good practice to have the UAS ―sparkle‖ the target with its
IR spotlight. This flashing spot light is a great way to orient aircraft and assault forces.
Rapid flash IR marking on the objective keeps the pilots oriented and facilitates infantry
maneuver as the dust cloud settles after the aircraft depart.
c. After the Air Assault: The ARF is critical from approximately H-00+05 to
H+00+05. Target individuals hear the aircraft on approach or decide to flee the
objective within the first 5-10 minutes of an air assault. During this period, it is
paramount to maintain visual contact from the UAS platform and continue IR
spotlighting their movement. Communication between the AMC and the UAS operator
further enhances the coordinate between sensors and facilitates orienting the ARF. The
spotlight allows the UH-60s to land outside of small arms effective range and in an
advantageous location for the pathfinders to close with and detain the enemy.
d. Employment of the ARF: With a designated key leader collocated on the UH-
60s with the ARF (Chalk 2), the decision to employ the ARF is carefully made and takes
into consideration: less than 3 enemy personnel, no PKMs or larger, not in the vicinity of
urban sprawl or multiple Qalat structures, and the landing terrain is suitable for the
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 9-27
Chapter 9
e. Actions after landing: The assault aircraft depart the HLZs and orbits within
visual range to provide overwatch or loiters approximately two kilometers away from the
ARF in order to maintain communications and extract the force on order. AWT/SWT
provides security for the pathfinders and further assists marking the individual with laser
capabilities and grid locations. After the ARF detains the individual, it is the goal of the
ARF to link up with other ground forces, pass off the detainee, and prepare for pick up
by the assault aircraft. The ARF mission is complete once isolation is attained on the
objective and no additional personnel are seen leaving the objective.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 9-28
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY
LEFT BLANK
Chapter 10
Unit Training
SECTION A: AIR ASSAULT TRAINING
1. General. The ability to successfully conduct air assaults is essential to the Division‘s
war time mission.
2. Individual Air Assault Standards. Graduation from The Sabalauski Air Assault School
(TSAAS) should be stressed by units. The Division‘s standard for Air Assault
qualification within a unit is 70%. Companies with qualification rates of 80% will receive
a black streamer. Companies with 90% will receive a gold streamer.
a. The BCT/BDE level commander is the approval authority.
b. The award remains valid as long as the receiving unit remains at the
recognized percentage of air assault qualified personnel. The battalion S3 will monitor
qualification levels and remove the streamer if the subordinate company falls below the
percentage level.
c. Unit Air Assault Training. Competency in Air Assault Operations defines the
st
101 ABN Division (AASLT). Units must utilize refresher training as often as possible to
ensure their skills are up to date. Based on unit assessments of proficiency, directed
missions, anticipated requirements for deployment conditions, and available resources
(time, aviation assets, etc) the goal for all units in the Intensive Training Phase of
ARFORGEN or RESET will be for:
(1) The Commanding General of the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) must
approve seats-out air assault operations. Obtain initial concept approval to conduct
seats-out air assault operations as part of the ITP brief or other appropriate forum. At
this point, commanders must be prepared to identify training objectives, concept of
operation, and known hazards and controls that can be managed in the planning phase.
After initial mission approval, the AATF must seek and receive final confirmation from
the Commanding General for the seats-out air assault no earlier than 24-hours prior to
H-Hour. If approved, the brigade commander will re-check conditions no earlier than
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book
10-1
Chapter 10
1. The Air Assault Leader Training Program has a two-fold purpose. First, the program
is designed to familiarize newly assigned leaders with execution techniques for BN/BCT
level air assaults. Second, the program serves as a mechanism to sustain perishable
skills in leaders.
2. All Division, BCT, and Supporting Brigade Leaders (Company level commanders and
up) must be tactically and technically proficient at executing air assault operations in
accordance with the Gold Book prior to conducting collective training.
4. The Air Assault Leader Training Program represents the minimum standards for unit
leader training. The program is designed as a centralized training event with
decentralized execution by Brigade Combat Teams. BCT commanders may modify the
training but should meet the minimum standards described below. The Air Assault
Leader Training Plan consists of four phases, capable of being accomplished within one
week:
5. Phase I-Academics
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 10-2
Chapter 10
c. BCT or Supporting Brigade staff officers teach the classes but the Division
Staff or functional proponent is available to assist as required.
a. BCT and BN staffs will execute the MDMP for planning an air assault IAW the
Gold Book for a mission executed as a TEWT. While the ground tactical plan (step 5 in
air assault planning) is always the focus of the air assault, the intent of this program is to
focus on steps 1-4 of the air assault. If resources permit, both the BCT and BN TF staffs
should go through the same planning sequence for execution during phase III (TEWT).
(2) Log Pad Demonstration: The Brigade Support Battalion sets up a log
pad (with rigged loads) to provide an example to the BCT XOs and S4s. The supporting
aviation brigade will provide a medium lift CH-47 pilot and flight engineer to cover
location planning considerations, subject to availability.
7. Phase III-Exercise
a. The TEWT will be conducted using the H-hour sequence developed by the
BCT staff during phase II. If resources permit, the Infantry battalions will conduct the air
assault using the H-hour sequence. For Air Assault Leader Training, the TEWT will only
be conducted during daylight hours with seats in. Upon landing in the LZ, there are two
training objectives that company level commanders will execute: Call in Close Combat
Attack and Call for MEDEVAC. If sufficient training ammunition is available, the aviation
brigade should coordinate with the BCT to conduct the CCAs on a live fire range. If
resources are not available or if there is a weather day, Commanders should consider
utilizing the BCTC to simulate the air assault.
8. Phase IV-AAR. The final day is the BCT After Action Review, organized and
conducted by the unit. If the unit was able to conduct BN TF air assaults as well as the
BCT air assault, the BN TFs also complete the AAR.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 10-3
Chapter 10
1. Sling Load and Hooker Training is conducted prior to any tactical air assault mission.
It is set up and executed by the BCT/BDE conducting the mission. All units conducting
air assault operations will participate. Commanders ensure that Soldiers used to rig,
inspect, and hook up loads participate in hooker training.
a. Initial certification of hook-up Soldiers and riggers includes: graduation from air
assault school, participation in hooker training conducted by the unit, other specialized
training where loads are actually lifted after rigging and inspection (Note: training must
involve a hook-up under turning rotors).
a. Every Division company, troop, and battery will have at least one sling load
master proficient on the rigging of all sling loads unique to that organization.
Certification as a sling load master is obtained by successfully completing training
conducted at battalion or separate company level. Units will maintain records of sling
load masters, qualifications, and currency date.
b. The training program will cover: Heavy LZ/PZ selection factors, Day and
Nighttime marking of Heavy PZs, Duties of the PZCO and PZ control group,
familiarization with sling load equipment common to the unit, inspection of sling sets and
other air items, sling load hand and arm signals, preparation and rigging of loads
common to the unit, sling load inspection and use of the DA Form 7382-R.
c. The sling load master will serve as the unit POC on all sling load matters.
Should a rigging issue arise the sling load master cannot resolve by referencing current
manuals, they will contact TSAAS for resolution.
3. References.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 10-4
Chapter 10
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 10-5
Chapter 11
Chapter 11
Glossary of Doctrinal Terms
PURPOSE: This section standardizes the definitions of doctrinal terms routinely used in
orders and operations within the division. The source documents used to establish
these definitions were FM 1-02 and the 101st ABN DIV (AASLT) TACSOP.
air assault— Operations in which air assault forces (combat, combat support (CS), and
combat service support (CSS)), using the firepower, mobility, and total integration of
helicopter assets in their ground or air roles, maneuver on the battlefield under the
control of the ground or air maneuver commander to engage and destroy enemy forces.
airborne command post— A suitably equipped aircraft used by the commander for the
control of his forces. (FM 1-02)
air assault task force commander (AATFC): Normally the Infantry Brigade or
Battalion Commander whose own unit(s) form the nucleus or predominance of forces in
the AATF. He commands the Air Assault Operation and is responsible for its overall
planning and execution. He controls all units assigned, attached, or under operational
control (OPCON) to the AATF, and establishes mission priorities for those units in DS
or GS of the AATF. In situations where the enemy allows, he will probably be airborne
in a C2 helicopter during the movement and insertion phases of an Air Assault. At other
times, he fights the battle from a tactical command post (TAC CP) deployed well
forward. (101st TACSOP)
air battle net (ABN). Radio Net dedicated to air-to-air coordination during AASLT
operations. (101st TACSOP)
air corridor — A restricted air route of travel specified for use by friendly aircraft and
established to prevent friendly aircraft from being fired on by friendly forces. (Army)
Used to de-conflict artillery firing positions with aviation traffic, including unmanned
aerial vehicles. (FM 1-02)
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 11-2
Chapter 11
02)
air movement plan— A plan prepared jointly by the ground and airlift units. The plan
covers the phase of an airborne, air assault, or air movement operation from the time
units have loaded aircraft until they arrive in the objective area. The schedule
indicates loading times at specific departure airfields or pickup zones and includes
takeoff time, flight routes, order of flight, and arrival time over drop zones (DZs) or
landing zones (LZs). It is published usually as an annex to the operation plan
(OPLAN). (See also ground tactical plan; landing plan; marshaling plan.) (FM 1-02)
airspace coordination area (ACA)— A block of airspace in the target area in which
friendly aircraft are reasonably safe from friendly surface fires. It may occasionally be a
formal measure (a three-dimensional box in the sky). More often, it is informal. The
purpose of the ACA is to allow the simultaneous attack of targets near each other by
multiple fire support means, one of which normally is air. Formal ACAs are usually
established by a separate brigade or higher level command. Informal ACAs may be
established as low as the task force (TF) level. (FM 1-02)
air traffic service (ATS) - Units that promote safe, flexible, and efficient use of
airspace, and enhance air operations for ground force initiatives. In addition, they
serve as a combat multiplier for the maneuver commander.
alternate PZ/LZ: A PZ/LZ used when the primary PZ/LZ becomes untenable,
compromised, or unsafe. It is located so that the unit can continue its mission with as
little change as possible.
airspace command and control (AC2) element— An army element within the corps
AC2 element, the division AC2 element, and the separate brigade AC2 element tactical
operations centers (TOCs) responsible for the coordination, integration, and regulation
of all joint airspace within the organization‘s area of responsibility. It coordinates
directly with Air Force elements and functional Army elements (ADA, Army aviation,
FSE) working within each TOC. (FM 1-02)
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 11-3
Chapter 11
assault— 1. The climax of an attack, closing with the enemy in hand to hand fighting.
2. To make a short, violent, but well-ordered attack against a local objective, such as a
gun emplacement or fortified area. 3. A phase of an airborne or air assault operation
beginning with delivery of the assault force into the objective area and extending
through the attack of objectives and consolidation of the initial airhead. (FM 1-02)
assault echelon— 1. Those forces required in the initial stages of an airborne or air
assault operation to secure the assault objectives. 2. One or more units of an attacking
force used to begin and lead the attack. (FM 1-02)
assault command post (ACP)— The ACP operates from organic tactical vehicles and
Expandable Light Air Mobile Shelter (ELAMS) that can be moved by ground or AASLT
means. The ACP controls all units specifically designated as being under its control. It is
minimally manned to support maneuver, intelligence, mobility, and fire support. The
ACP is prepared to assume the DMAIN role if necessary for short duration without
augmentation (72-96 hours). This is normal during early phases of contingency
operations when the DMAIN has not yet deployed or is out of action.
assault phase— 1. That phase of an airborne, air assault, amphibious, or river crossing
operation that begins with the delivery of the assault forces into the objective area and
ends when all assault objectives have been seized. 2. That period during an attack
which begins when the assault forces advance from their assault position and ends
when the objective has been seized and consolidated. (FM 1-02)
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 11-4
Chapter 11
brigade aviation element (BAE)— Aviation unit personnel assigned to provide liaison
to the AATFC and his staff; including the brigade S3/S2, and the brigade S3 Air. (101st
TACSOP)
brigade aviation officer (BAO)- The BAO is the special staff officer responsible for
coordinating Army aviation assets within the Brigade Combat Team (BCT)
coordinated fire line (CFL)— A line beyond which conventional surface fire support
means (mortars, field artillery, naval gunfire ships) may fire at any time within the zone
of the establishing HQ without additional coordination. It is usually established by
brigade or division, but may be established by a maneuver battalion. (The term no-fire
line is used by other NATO nations for a CFL.) (FM 1-02)
crisis action team (CAT)— A team of soldiers designated to assist the PZ Control
Officer in an manner to facilitate PZ operations. These tasks often include assistance
with all frustrated loads.
drop zone (DZ) — A specified area upon which airborne troops, equipment, or
supplies are airdropped by parachute, or on which supplies and equipment may be
delivered by free fall. (FM 1-02)
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 11-5
Chapter 11
final coordination line— A line close to the enemy position used to coordinate the
lifting and shifting of supporting fires with the final deployment of maneuver elements. It
should be recognizable on the ground. It is not a fire support coordination measure. (FM
1-02)
fire support— Assistance to those elements of the ground forces which close with
the enemy such as infantry and armor units, rendered by delivering artillery and
mortar fire, naval gun fire, and close air support (CAS). Fire support may also be
provided by tanks, air defense artillery, and Army aviation. (FM 1-02)
fire support coordination line (FSCL)— A fire support coordinating measure that is
established and adjusted by appropriate land or amphibious force commanders within
their boundaries in consultation with superior, subordinate, supporting, and affected
commanders. Fire support coordination lines (FSCLs) facilitate the expeditious attack of
surface targets of opportunity beyond the coordinating measure. (FM 1-02)
flight lead— Senior Pilot (lead) guiding a flight/formation, from which all other aircraft
cover down on to assume proper flight or landing formations.
forward arming and refueling point (FARP)— A temporary facility that is organized,
equipped, and deployed by an aviation unit commander, and located closer to the area
of operation than the aviation unit‘s combat service support (CSS) area. It provides fuel
and ammunition necessary for the employment of helicopter units in combat. (FM 1-02)
free fire area (FFA)— A specific designated area into which any weapon system may
fire without additional coordination with the establishing headquarters. (FM 1-02)
G
ground tactical commander (GTC): The GTC is the commander of the largest ground
maneuver task force inserted during the air assault. He is usually an AATFC
subordinate maneuver commander and flies on one of the first serials into the objective
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 11-6
Chapter 11
area. He maintains communications with the AATFC during the flight. (FM 90-4)
ground tactical plan— An airborne or air assault operational plan covering the
conduct of operations in the objective area. (See also air movement plan; landing
plan; marshaling plan.) (FM 1-02)
holding area— 1. A site located between assembly areas or forward area refueling
points (FARPs) and battle positions (BPs) that may be occupied for short periods of
time by attack helicopters while coordination is being made for movement into BPs. It
should provide good cover and concealment and an area for the aircraft to hover or
land. 2. Nearest covered and concealed position to the pickup zone (PZ) or crossing
site where troops are held until time for them to move forward. (FM 1-02)
intermediate staging base (ISB). A secure base which an AATF can use for staging
an air assault operation near an unsecured objective allowing the insertion of decisive
force into the objective area. A notional example would be using Puerto Rico as an ISB
for an air assault into Cuba.
joint air attack team (JAAT)— A combination of US Army attack and scout aircraft and
US Air Force close air support (CAS) aircraft operating together to locate and attack
high priority, lucrative targets such as tanks and other targets of opportunity. It normally
operates in a coordinated effort with fire support, air defense artillery, and ground
maneuver forces against enemy armored formations, command vehicles, and enemy air
defense weapons systems. (FM 1-02)
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 11-7
Chapter 11
landing plan— An airborne, air assault, or air movement plan prescribing the
sequence, place of arrival, and method of entry into the objective area. The purpose of
the plan is to get the correct units to the correct place in the correct order to properly
execute the ground tactical plan. (See also air movement plan; ground tactical plan;
marshaling plan.) (FM 1-02)
landing zone (LZ)— A specified zone within an objective area used for landing aircraft.
(FM 1-02)
lift— All helicopters assigned to a particular mission to move troops and equipment.
(FM 1-02)
linkup point— An easily identifiable point on the ground where two forces conducting a
linkup meet. When one
force is stationary, linkup points normally are established where the moving force‘s
routes of advance intersect the stationary force‘s security elements. Linkup points for
two moving forces are established on boundaries where the two forces are expected
to converge. (See also linkup.) (FM 1-02)
marshaling area—1. The general area in which unit preparation areas and departure
airfields may be located and from which air movement is initiated. 2. In amphibious
operations, the designated area in which, as part of the mounting process, units are
reorganized for embarkation; vehicles and equipment are prepared to move directly to
embarkation areas; and housekeeping facilities are provided for troops by other units.
(FM 1-02)
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 11-8
Chapter 11
named areas of interest (NAI)— A point or area on the ground, along a particular
avenue of approach, through which enemy activity is expected to occur. Activity or lack
of activity within an NAI will help to confirm or deny a particular enemy course of action.
(FM 1-02)
no-fire area (NFA)— An area in which no fires or effects of fires are allowed. Two
exceptions are (1) when establishing headquarters approves fires temporarily within the
NFA on a mission basis, and (2) when the enemy force within the NFA engages a
friendly force, the commander may engage the enemy to defend his force. (FM 1-02)
objective—1. The physical object of the action taken (for example, a definite terrain
feature, the seizure and/or holding of which is essential to the commander‘s plan, or,
the destruction of an enemy force without regard to terrain features). 2. The principle
of war which states that every military operation should be directed towards clearly
defined, decisive, and attainable objectives. (FM 1-02)
P
pathfinders—1. Experienced aircraft crews who lead a formation to the drop zone (DZ),
release point, or target. 2. Teams dropped or air landed at an objective to establish and
operate navigational aids to guide aircraft to DZs and/or landing zones (LZs). 3. Teams
air delivered into enemy territory for determining the best approach and withdrawal
lanes, LZs, and sites for heliborne forces. (FM 1-02)
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 11-9
Chapter 11
phase— A specific part of an operation that is different from those that precede or
follow. Phasing assists in planning and controlling and may be indicated by time
(preparatory fire phase), by distance (intermediate objective or report line), by terrain
(crossing of an obstacle), or by occurrence of an event (commitment of a reserve). It is
not to be confused with a phase line (PL). It normally is associated with operations of
larger units and with special operations (such as river crossing and airborne
operations). (FM 1-02)
pickup zone (PZ)— A geographical area used to pick up troops and/or equipment by
helicopter. planning factor— A consideration or a multiplier used in planning to estimate
the amount and type of effort involved in a contemplated operation. Planning factors are
often expressed as rates, ratios, or lengths of time. (FM 1-02)
R
raid— An operation, usually small-scale, involving a swift penetration of hostile territory
to secure information, to confuse the enemy, or to destroy his installations. It ends with
a planned withdrawal upon completion of the assigned mission. (FM 1-02)
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 11-10
Chapter 11
restrictive fire line (RFL)— A line established between converging friendly forces
(one or both may be moving) that prohibits fires or effects from fires across the line
without coordination with the affected force. It is established by the commander of
the converging forces. (FM 1-02)
restricted operating zone (ROZ). An area of air space in which aircraft crews await
further instructions or within which commanders can control operations. This space,
while not wholly prohibited, is subject to flight/air usage restrictions for Aviation,
ADA, Artillery, Air Force, etc. (FM 1-02)
S
screen— See security operations. (FM 1-02)
sector— An area designated by boundaries within which a unit operates and for which
it is responsible. Normally, sectors are used in defensive operations. (See also area of
influence; zone of action.) (FM 1-02)
sortie (air)— One aircraft making one takeoff and one landing. An operational flight by
one aircraft. (FM 1-02)
staging area—1. A general locality between the mounting area and the objective of an
amphibious or airborne expedition. It is the area through which a force or parts thereof
pass after mounting for refueling, regrouping of ships, and/or the exercise, inspection,
and redistribution of troops. 2. A general locality, containing accommodations for troops,
that is established for the concentration of troop units and transient personnel between
movements over the lines of communication (LOC). Also refer-red to as intermediate
staging area or intermediate staging base. (FM 1-02)
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 11-11
Chapter 11
start point (SP)— A clearly defined initial control point on a route at which specified
elements of a column of ground vehicles or flight of aircraft come under the control of
the commander having responsibility for the movement. (See also release point.) (FM 1-
02)
task force (TF)—1. Based upon mission, a temporary grouping of units under one
commander formed to carry out a specific operation or mission, or a semi-permanent
organization of units under one commander to carry out a continuing specific task.
Units may be designated as a TF, regardless of attachments, whenever they are on a
semi-independent mission. Brigade and higher units normally are not designated as
TFs unless the operation or mission requires joint airborne, amphibious, or other
special, semi-independent operations. 2. Based upon organization, a battalion-sized
unit of the combat arms consisting of a battalion control headquarters, with at least one
of its major subordinate elements (a company), and the attachment of at least one
company-sized element of another combat or combat support arm. An example is an
infantry battalion headquarters; one or more of its organic companies; and the
attachment of one or more of the following a tank company, an armored cavalry troop,
or an engineer company. (See also battalion task force; task organization.) (FM 1-02)
unobserved fire— Fire for which the points of impact or burst are not observed. up—
A correction used by an observer or a spotter to indicate that an increase in height of
burst (HOB) is desired. (FM 1-02)
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 11-12
Chapter 11
X-hour— Time of notification for a planning cell to begin planning and deployment
preparation in support of potential contingency operations that do not involve rapid,
no-notice deployment.
st
12 Apr 2010 101 Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book 11-13
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT
BLANK
“We have A Rendezvous…
…With Destiny!”