The Statistical Abstract of The United States 2009
The Statistical Abstract of The United States 2009
Page
New Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Guide to Tabular Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv
Telephone and Internet Contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvi
vii
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Page
Sec. 10. National Security and Veterans Affairs (Tables 485−518) . . . . . . . . . . 321
National defense outlays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
Military manpower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
Veterans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
Homeland security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
Sec. 11. Social Insurance and Human Services (Tables 519−566) . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Government transfer payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
Social security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
Public aid, federal food programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
Child care, child support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
Sec. 12. Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings (Tables 567−644) . . . . . . . . 365
Labor force status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
Multiple jobholding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
Occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
Projections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
Employees and earnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
Injuries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
Union membership. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
Sec. 13. Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth (Tables 645−701) . . . . . . 421
Gross domestic product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
Personal income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
Consumer expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438
Money income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442
State income and poverty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
Poverty status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452
Wealth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458
Table of Contents ix
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Page
Sec. 29. Puerto Rico and the Island Areas (Tables 1272−1284). . . . . . . . . . . . . 797
Appendix I.
Guide to Sources of Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857
Guide to State Statistical Abstracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871
Guide to Foreign Statistical Abstracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875
Appendix II.
Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: Concepts, Components,
and Population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877
Appendix III.
Limitations of the Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 897
Appendix IV.
Weights and Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 921
Appendix V.
Tables Deleted From the 2008 Edition of the Statistical Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 923
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925
x Table of Contents
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Telephone & Internet Contacts
To help Abstract users find more data and information about statistical publications, we
are issuing this list of contacts for federal agencies with major statistical programs. The
intent is to give a single, first-contact point-of-entry for users of statistics. These agencies
will provide general information on their statistical programs and publications, as well as
specific information on how to order their publications. We are also including the Internet
(World Wide Web) addresses for many of these agencies. These URLs were current in July
2008.
Total domestic value of IPR seizures1 . . . . . . . . . . . .. 94,019 138,768 93,235 155,369 196,754
Selected IPR commodities seized by value ($1,000):
Footwear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,555 2,049 8,941 63,446 77,781
Wearing apparel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,889 51,737 16,100 24,321 27,006
Handbags/wallets/backpacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,458 23,190 14,955 14,750 14,214
Computers/hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 1,684 4,799 14,288 9,337
Consumer electronics 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,780 8,880 8,794 7,057 16,042
Watches/parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,384 2,543 3,071 2,832 13,356
Media 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,358 5,050 (NA) 6,965 7,884
All others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,595 43,636 36,576 21,710 31,134
1
NA Not available. Domestic value is the cost of the seized goods, plus the costs of shipping and importing the goods into
the U.S. and an amount for profit. 2 Consumer electronics includes cell phones and accessories, radios, power strips, electrical
3
tools, and appliances. Includes motion pictures on tape, laser disc, and DVD; interactive and computer software on CD-ROM
and floppy discs; and music on CD or tape.
Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Customs and Border Protection, Import, Commercial Enforcement,
Intellectual Property Rights, Seizure Statistics; <http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/trade/priority_trade/ipr/seizure/>.
Headnotes immediately below table titles Unit indicators show the specified quanti-
provide information important for correct ties in which data items are presented.
interpretation or evaluation of the table as They are used for two primary reasons.
a whole or for a major segment of it. Sometimes data are not available in abso-
Footnotes below the bottom rule of tables lute form and are estimates (as in the
give information relating to specific items case of many surveys). In other cases we
round the numbers in order to save space
or figures within the table.
to show more data, as in the case above.
The Statistical Abstract of the United as well as more historical data are avail-
States, published since 1878, is the able in various supplements to the
standard summary of statistics on the Abstract (see inside back cover).
social, political, and economic organiza- Statistics in this edition are generally for
tion of the United States. It is designed to the most recent year or period available
serve as a convenient volume for statisti- by summer 2008. Each year over 1,400
cal reference and as a guide to other sta- tables and charts are reviewed and evalu-
tistical publications and sources. The lat- ated; new tables and charts of current
ter function is served by the introductory interest are added, continuing series are
text to each section, the source note updated, and less timely data are con-
appearing below each table, and Appen- densed or eliminated. Text notes and
dix I, which comprises the Guide to appendices are revised as appropriate. In
Sources of Statistics, the Guide to State addition, three special features—Histori-
cal Statistics, State Rankings, and USA
Statistical Abstracts, and the Guide to For-
Statistics in Brief—can be found on our
eign Statistical Abstracts.
Web site: <http://www.census.gov
This volume includes a selection of data /compendia/statab/>.
from many statistical sources, both gov-
ernment and private. Publications cited as Changes in this edition—This year we
have introduced 49 new tables covering a
sources usually contain additional statisti-
wide range of subject areas. These cover
cal detail and more comprehensive dis-
a variety of topics including: religious
cussions of definitions and concepts. Data
composition of U.S. population, assisted
not available in publications issued by the
reproductive technology, military retire-
contributing agency but obtained from ment system, labor violations, aquacul-
the Internet or unpublished records are ture products sold, homeowner and rental
identified in the source notes. More infor- vacancy rates by state, and expenditures
mation on the subjects covered in the for wildlife-related recreation. For a com-
tables so noted may generally be plete list of new tables, see section titled
obtained from the source. ‘‘New Tables,’’ p. xi.
Except as indicated, figures are for the Statistical Abstract on other media—
United States as presently constituted. The Abstract is available on the Internet
Although emphasis in the Statistical and on CD-ROM. Both versions contain
Abstract is primarily given to national the same material as the book, except for
data, many tables present data for a few copyrighted tables for which we did
regions and individual states and a not receive permission to release in these
smaller number for metropolitan areas formats. Our Internet site <http://www
and cities. Appendix II, Metropolitan and .census.gov/compendia/statab/> con-
Micropolitan Statistical Areas: Concepts, tains this 2009 edition plus earlier edi-
Components, and Population, presents tions in Adobe Acrobat .pdf format.
explanatory text, a complete current list- Spreadsheet files for each table in the
ing and population data for metropolitan book are also available on the Web site
and micropolitan areas defined as of and CD-ROM (free distribution of single
December 2006. Statistics for the Com- copies on request). In many cases, the
monwealth of Puerto Rico and for island spreadsheet files show more years and/or
areas of the United States are included in subject/geographical detail.
many state tables and are supplemented
by information in Section 29. Additional Statistics for states and metropolitan
information for states, cities, counties, areas—Extensive data for states and met-
metropolitan areas, and other small units, ropolitan areas of the United States can be
v
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
found in the State and Metropolitan Area sources. All data from censuses and sur-
Data Book: 2006. This publication minus veys or from administrative records are
some data items, as well as selected rank- subject to error arising from a number of
ings of the states and metropolitan areas, factors: Sampling variability (for statistics
based on samples), reporting errors in the
is available on our Internet site at <http:
data for individual units, incomplete cov-
//www.census.gov/compendia/smadb>.
erage, nonresponse, imputations, and
processing error. (See also Appendix III,
Statistics for counties and cities—
p. 897.) The Census Bureau cannot accept
Extensive data for counties can be found the responsibility for the accuracy or limi-
in the County and City Data Book: 2007. It tations of the data presented here, other
features 175 data items covering every- than those for which it collects. The
thing from age and agriculture to retail responsibility for selection of the material
trade and water use for all states and and for proper presentation, however,
counties with U.S. totals for comparison. rests with the Census Bureau.
Also included are approximately 80 data
items for cities with populations of For additional information on data
25,000 or more. Six tables present nearly presented—Please consult the source
80 additional data items from the 2005 publications available in local libraries or
American Community Survey for 242 write to the agency indicated in the
incorporated places with populations of source notes. Write to the Census Bureau
100,000 or more. only if it is cited as the source.
Suggestions and comments—Users of
This publication is available on our Inter-
net site at <http://www.census.gov the Statistical Abstract and its supple-
/compendia/ccdb> (tentative). For a data- ments (see inside back cover) are urged
to make their data needs known for con-
base with over 6,000 county items, check
out USA Counties at <http://censtats sideration in planning future editions.
Suggestions and comments for improving
.census.gov/usa/usa.shtml>.
coverage and presentation of data should
Limitations of the data—The contents be sent to the Director, U.S. Census
of this volume were taken from many Bureau, Washington, DC 20233.
vi
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
New Tables
Table Page
number number
Sec. 1. POPULATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
240 Public Schools Using Selected Safety and Security Measures, by School Char-
acteristics: 2000 to 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
256 Percentage of Students Participating in After-School Activities, by School
Activity and Student Characteristics: 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
257 Percentage of Students Participating in Weekly Nonparental After-School Care
Arrangements, by Activities, Arrangement Type, and Student Characteris-
tics: 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
332 Detainees Under the Jurisdiction of the Bureau of Immigration and Customs
Enforcement (ICE): 2000 to 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
xi
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table Page
number number
719 Import and Export Price Indexes by End-Use Category: 1990 to 2007 . . . . . . . . 479
1111 Average Annual Telephone Service Expenditures by All Consumer Units: 2001
to 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 706
1118 Household Internet Usage In and Outside of the Home, by Selected Character-
istics: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709
1119 Household Internet Usage by Type of Internet Connection and State: 2007. . . . 710
1124 Online News Consumption, by Selected Characteristics: 2000 to 2008 . . . . . . . 712
1144 Noncash Payments by Method of Payment and ATM Cash Withdrawals: 2003
and 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723
1197 Total State Arts Agency Legislative Appropriations: 2007 to 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . 746
1217 Expenditures for Wildlife-Related Recreation Activities: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757
1226 Chain-Type Price Indexes for Direct Tourism Output: 1998 to 2007 . . . . . . . . . . 760
1306 Real GDP per Capita and per Employed Persons, by Country: 1980 to 2006 . . . 826
1313 Indexes of Living Costs Abroad: 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 830
1316 Percent of Women in National Parliaments by Country: 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 832
1347 Research and Development (R&D) Expenditures, by Country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847
1356 Household Expenditure on Recreation and Culture as a Percentage of GDP:
1970 to 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 854
1357 Development Assistance, by Country: 2005 and 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 854
Population 1
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
and Economic Supplement. These Estimates for state and county areas are
changes in population controls had rela- based on the same components of change
tively little impact on derived measures data and sources as the national esti-
such as means, medians, and percent dis- mates with the addition of net internal
tribution, but did have a significant migration. Estimates of net internal migra-
impact on levels. tion are derived from federal income tax
American Community Survey returns from the Internal Revenue Service,
(ACS)—This is a nationwide survey to group quarters data from the Federal-
obtain data about demographic, social, State Cooperative Program, and Medicare
economic, and housing information of data from the Centers for Medicare and
people, households, and housing units. Medicaid Services.
The survey collects the same type of The population by age for April 1, 1990,
information that has been collected every reflects modifications to the 1990 census
10 years from the long-form question- data counts. The review of detailed 1990
naire of the census, which the American information indicated that respondents
Community Survey will replace. Beginning tended to report age as of the date of
2006, the estimates include the house- completion of the questionnaire, not as of
hold population and the population living April 1, 1990. In addition, there may have
in institutions, college dormitories, and been a tendency for respondents to round
other group quarters. up their age if they were close to having a
birthday. A detailed explanation of the
Population estimates and projec- age modification procedure appears in
tions—Estimates of the United States 1990 Census of Population and Housing,
population are derived by updating the Data Paper Listing CPH-L74.
resident population enumerated in Cen- Population estimates and projections are
sus 2000 with information on the compo- available on the Census Bureau Internet
nents of population change: births, site <http://www.census.gov>. These
deaths, and net international migration. estimates and projections are consistent
The April 1, 2000, population used in with official decennial census figures with
these estimates reflects modifications to no adjustment for estimated net census
the Census 2000 population as docu- coverage. However, the categories for
mented in the Count Question Resolution these estimates and projections by race
program. have been modified and are not compa-
rable to the census race categories (see
Registered births and deaths are esti- section below under ‘‘Race’’). For details
mated from data supplied by the National on methodology, see the sources cited
Center for Health Statistics. The net inter- below the individual tables.
national migration component consists of Immigration—Immigration (migration to
four parts: (1) the net international migra- a country) is one component of interna-
tion of the foreign born, (2) the net migra- tional migration; the other component is
tion of natives to and from the United emigration (migration from a country). In
States, (3) the net migration between the its simplest form, international migration
United States and Puerto Rico, and (4) the
is defined as any movement across a
net overseas movement of the Armed
national border. In the United States, fed-
Forces population. Data from the ACS are eral statistics on international migration
used to estimate the annual net migration
are produced primarily by the U.S. Census
of the foreign-born population. Estimates
Bureau and the Office of Immigration
of the net migration of natives and net Statistics of the U.S. Department of Home-
migration between Puerto Rico and the land Security (DHS).
United States are derived from the Demo-
graphic Analysis and Population Estimates The Census Bureau collects data used to
(DAPE) project (see Population Division estimate international migration through
Working Paper Series, No. 63 and No. 64). its decennial censuses and numerous sur-
Estimates of the net overseas movement veys of the U.S. population.
of the Armed Forces are derived from The Office of Immigration Statistics pub-
data collected by the Defense Manpower lishes immigration data in annual flow
Data Center. reports and the Yearbook of Immigration
2 Population
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Statistics. Data for these publications are categories: (1) classes of admission sub-
collected from several administrative data ject to the annual worldwide limitation
sources including the DS-230 Application and (2) classes of admission exempt from
for Immigrant Visa and Alien Registration worldwide limitations. Numerical limits
(U.S. Department of State) for new arriv- are imposed on visas issued and not on
als, and the I-485 Application to Register admissions. In 2007, the annual limit for
Permanent Residence or Adjust Status preference visas subject to limitation was
(U.S. Citizenship and Immigration 373,148, which included a family-
Services—USCIS) for persons adjusting sponsored preference limit of 226,000
immigrant status. and an employment-based preference
limit of 147,148. Classes of admission
An immigrant, or legal permanent resi- exempt from the worldwide limitation
dent, is a foreign national who has been include immediate relatives of U.S. citi-
granted lawful permanent residence in zens, refugees and asylees adjusting to
the United States. New arrivals are foreign permanent residence, and other various
nationals living abroad who apply for an classes of special immigrants (see Table
immigrant visa at a consular office of the 47).
Department of State, while individuals Metropolitan and micropolitan
adjusting status are already living in the areas—The U.S. Office of Management
United States and file an application for and Budget (OMB) defines metropolitan
adjustment of status to lawful permanent and micropolitan statistical areas accord-
residence with USCIS. Individuals adjust- ing to published standards that are
ing status include refugees, asylees, and applied to Census Bureau data. The gen-
various classes of nonimmigrants. A refu- eral concept of a metropolitan or micro-
gee is an alien outside the United States politan statistical area is that of a core
who is unable or unwilling to return to his area containing a substantial population
or her country of origin because of perse- nucleus, together with adjacent communi-
cution or a well-founded fear of persecu- ties having a high degree of economic
tion. Asylees must meet the same criteria and social integration with that core. Cur-
as refugees, but are located in the United rently defined metropolitan and micro-
States or at a port of entry. After 1 year of politan statistical areas are based on
residence, refugees and asylees are eli- application of 2000 standards to 2000
decennial census data as updated by
gible to adjust to legal permanent resi-
dent status. Nonimmigrants are foreign application of those standards to more
nationals granted temporary entry into recent Census Bureau population esti-
the United States. The major activities for mates. The term ‘‘metropolitan area’’ (MA)
which nonimmigrant admission is autho- was adopted in 1990 and referred collec-
rized include temporary visits for busi- tively to metropolitan statistical areas
(MSAs), consolidated metropolitan statisti-
ness or pleasure, academic or vocational
study, temporary employment, and to act cal areas (CMSAs), and primary metropoli-
as a representative of a foreign govern- tan statistical areas (PMSAs). The term
ment or international organization. DHS ‘‘core-based statistical area’’ (CBSA)
collects information on the characteristics became effective in 2003 and refers col-
lectively to metropolitan and micropolitan
of a proportion of nonimmigrant admis-
statistical areas. For descriptive details
sions, those recorded on the I-94 Arrival/
Departure Record. and a list of titles and components of
metropolitan and micropolitan statistical
U.S. immigration law gives preferential areas, see Appendix II.
immigration status to persons with a Urban and rural—For Census 2000, the
close family relationship with a U.S. citi- Census Bureau classified as urban all terri-
zen or legal permanent resident, persons tory, population, and housing units
with needed job skills, persons who located within urbanized areas (UAs) and
qualify as refugees or asylees, and per- urban clusters (UCs). A UA consists of
sons who are from countries with rela- densely settled territory that contains
tively low levels of immigration to the 50,000 or more people, while a UC con-
United States. Immigration to the United sists of densely settled territory with at
States can be divided into two general least 2,500 people but fewer than 50,000
Population 3
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
people. From the 1950 census through Hispanic origin as an ethnicity.) The ques-
the 1990 census, the urban population tion on race for Census 2000 was differ-
consisted of all people living in UAs and ent from the one for the 1990 census in
most places outside of UAs with a census several ways. Most significantly, respon-
population of 2,500 or more. dents were given the option of selecting
UAs and UCs encompass territory that one or more race categories to indicate
generally consists of: their racial identities. Because of these
changes, the Census 2000 data on race
• A cluster of one or more block groups
are not directly comparable with data
or census blocks each of which has a from the 1990 census or earlier censuses.
population density of at least 1,000
Caution must be used when interpreting
people per square mile at the time. changes in the racial composition of the
• Surrounding block groups and census United States population over time. Cen-
blocks each of which has a population sus 2000 adheres to the federal standards
density of at least 500 people per for collecting and presenting data on race
square mile at the time. and ethnicity as established by the OMB
• Less densely settled blocks that form in October 1997. Starting with Census
enclaves or indentations, or are used to 2000, the OMB requires federal agencies
connect discontiguous areas with quali- to use a minimum of five race categories:
fying densities. White, Black or African American, Ameri-
can Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and
They also may include an airport located
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander.
adjacent to qualifying densely settled area
Additionally, to collect data on individuals
if it has an annual enplanement (aircraft
of mixed race parentage, respondents
boarding) of at least 10,000 people.
were allowed to select one or more races.
‘‘Rural’’ for Census 2000 consists of all For respondents unable to identify with
territory, population, and housing units any of these five race categories, the OMB
located outside of UAs and UCs. Prior to approved and included a sixth category—
Census 2000, rural consisted of all terri- ‘‘Some other race’’ on the Census 2000
tory, population, and housing outside of questionnaire. The Census 2000 question
UAs and outside of other places desig- on race included 15 separate response
nated as ‘‘urban.’’ For Census 2000, many categories and three areas where respon-
more geographic entities, including met- dents could write in a more specific race
ropolitan areas, counties, and places, con- group. The response categories and
tain both urban and rural territory, popu- write-in answers can be combined to cre-
lation, and housing units. ate the five minimum OMB race categories
plus ‘‘Some other race.’’ People who
Residence—In determining residence,
responded to the question on race by
the Census Bureau counts each person as
indicating only one race are referred to as
an inhabitant of a usual place of residence
the race alone population, or the group
(i.e., the place where one lives and sleeps
that reported only one race category. Six
most of the time). While this place is not
categories make up this population: White
necessarily a person’s legal residence or
alone, Black or African American alone,
voting residence, the use of these differ-
American Indian and Alaska Native alone,
ent bases of classification would produce
Asian alone, Native Hawaiian and Other
the same results in the vast majority of
Pacific Islander alone, and Some other
cases.
race alone. Individuals who chose more
Race—For the 1990 census, the Census than one of the six race categories are
Bureau collected and published racial sta- referred to as the Two or More Races
tistics as outlined in Statistical Policy population, or as the group that reported
Directive No. 15 issued by the OMB. This more than one race. Additionally, respon-
directive provided standards on ethnic dents who reported one race together
and racial categories for statistical report- with those who reported the same race
ing to be used by all federal agencies. plus one or more other races are com-
According to the directive, the basic racial bined to create the race alone or in com-
categories were American Indian or bination categories. For example, the
Alaska Native, Asian or Pacific Islander, White alone or in combination group con-
Black, and White. (The directive identified sists of those respondents who reported
4 Population
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
only White or who reported White com- are asked to classify their race as: (1)
bined with one or more other race White; (2) Black, African American, or
groups, such as ‘‘White and Black or Afri- Negro; (3) American Indian or Alaska
can American,’’ or ‘‘White and Asian and Native; (4) Asian; (5) Native Hawaiian or
American Indian and Alaska Native.’’ Other Pacific Islander. Beginning January
Another way to think of the group who 2003, respondents were allowed to report
reported White alone or in combination is more than one race to indicate their
as the total number of people who identi- mixed racial heritage.
fied entirely or partially as White. This Hispanic population—The Census
group is also described as people who Bureau collected data on the Hispanic-
reported White, whether or not they origin population in the 2000 census by
reported any other race. using a self-identification question. Per-
The alone or in combination categories sons of Spanish/Hispanic/Latino origin
are tallies of responses rather than are those who classified themselves in
respondents. That is, the alone or in com- one of the specific Hispanic origin catego-
bination categories are not mutually ries listed on the questionnaire—Mexican,
exclusive. Individuals who reported two Puerto Rican, Cuban, as well as those who
races were counted in two separate and indicated that they were of Other
distinct alone or in combination race cat- Spanish/ Hispanic/Latino origin. Persons
egories, while those who reported three of Other Spanish/Hispanic/Latino origin
races were counted in three categories, are those whose origins are from Spain,
and so on. Consequently, the sum of all the Spanish-speaking countries of Central
alone or in combination categories equals or South America, or the Dominican
the number of races reported, which Republic.
exceeds the total population. In the CPS, information on Hispanic
The concept of race, as used by the Cen- persons is gathered by using a self-
sus Bureau, reflects self-identification by identification question. The respondents
people according to the race or races with are first asked whether or not they are of
which they most closely identify. These Hispanic, Spanish, or Latino origin and
categories are sociopolitical constructs based on their response are further classi-
and should not be interpreted as being fied into the following categories: Mexi-
scientific or anthropological in nature. can or Mexican American or Chicano;
Furthermore, the race categories include Puerto Rican; Cuban; Central or South
both racial and national-origin groups. American; or Other Hispanic, Spanish, or
Additionally, data are available for the Latino origin group.
American Indian and Alaska Native tribes. Traditional and current data collection and
A detailed explanation of race can be classification treat race and Hispanic ori-
found at <http://www.census.gov/prod gin as two separate and distinct concepts
/cen2000/doc/sf1.pdf>. in accordance with guidelines from the
Data for the population by race for April OMB. Race and Hispanic origin are two
1, 2000, (shown in Tables 6, 8, and 9) are separate concepts in the federal statistical
modified counts and are not comparable system. People who are Hispanic may be
to Census 2000 race categories. These any race and people in each race group
numbers were computed using Census may be either Hispanic or Not Hispanic.
2000 data by race that had been modified Also, each person has two attributes,
to be consistent with the 1997 OMB’s their race (or races) and whether or not
‘‘Revisions to the Standards for the Classi- they are Hispanic. The overlap of race and
fication of Federal Data on Race and Eth- Hispanic origin is the main comparability
nicity,’’ (Federal Register Notice, Vol. 62, issue. For example, Black Hispanics (His-
No 210, October 1997). A detailed expla- panic Blacks) are included in both the
nation of the race modification procedure number of Blacks and in the number of
appears on the Census Web page Hispanics. For further information, see
<http://www.census.gov/popest Census Web page <http://www.census
/archives/files/MRSF-01-US1.html>. .gov/population/www/socdemo
In the CPS and other household sample /compraceho.html>.
surveys in which data are obtained Foreign-born and native popula-
through personal interview, respondents tions—The Census Bureau separates the
Population 5
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
U.S. resident population into two groups person living alone or a group of unre-
based on whether or not a person was a lated persons sharing the same housing
U.S. citizen or U.S. national at the time of unit is also counted as a household. See
birth. Anyone born in the United States, text, Section 20, Construction and Hous-
Puerto Rico, or a U.S. Island Area (such as ing, for definition of housing unit.
Guam) or born abroad to a U.S. citizen All persons not living in housing units are
parent is a U.S. citizen at the time of birth classified as living in group quarters.
and consequently included in the native These individuals may be institutional-
population. The term foreign-born popula- ized, e.g., under care or custody in juve-
tion refers to anyone who is not a U.S. nile facilities, jails, correctional centers,
citizen or U.S. national at birth. This hospitals, or nursing homes; or they may
includes naturalized U.S. citizens, legal be residents in noninstitutional group
permanent resident aliens (immigrants), quarters such as college dormitories,
temporary migrants (such as foreign stu- group homes, or military barracks.
dents), humanitarian migrants (such as
refugees), and people illegally present in Householder—The householder is the
the United States. The Census Bureau pro- person in whose name the home is
vides a variety of demographic, social, owned or rented. If a home is owned or
economic, geographic, and housing infor- rented jointly by a married couple, either
mation on the foreign-born population in the husband or the wife may be listed
the United States at <http://www.census first.
.gov/population/www/socdemo/foreign/>.
Mobility status—The U.S. population is Family—The term family refers to a
classified according to mobility status on group of two or more persons related by
the basis of a comparison between the birth, marriage, or adoption and residing
place of residence of each individual at together in a household. A family includes
the time of the survey or census and the among its members the householder.
place of residence at a specified earlier
date. Nonmovers are all persons who Subfamily—A subfamily consists of a
were living in the same house or apart- married couple and their children, if any,
ment at the end of the period as at the or one parent with one or more never-
beginning of the period. Movers are all married children under 18 years old living
persons who were living in a different in a household. Subfamilies are divided
house or apartment at the end of the into ‘‘related’’ and ‘‘unrelated’’ subfamilies.
period than at the beginning of the A related subfamily is related to, but does
period. Movers are further classified as to not include, the householder or the
whether they were living in the same or spouse of the householder. Members of a
different county, state, region, or were related subfamily are also members of the
movers from abroad. Movers from abroad family with whom they live. The number
include all persons whose place of resi- of related subfamilies, therefore, is not
dence was outside the United States included in the count of families. An unre-
(including Puerto Rico, other U.S. Island lated subfamily may include persons such
Area, or a foreign country) at the begin- as guests, lodgers, or resident employees
ning of the period. and their spouses and/or children; none
of whom is related to the householder.
Living arrangements—Living arrange-
ments refer to residency in households or Married couple—A married couple is
in group quarters. A ‘‘household’’ com- defined as a husband and wife living
prises all persons who occupy a ‘‘housing together in the same household, with or
unit,’’ that is, a house, an apartment or without children and other relatives.
other group of rooms, or a single room
that constitutes ‘‘separate living quarters.’’ Statistical reliability—For a discussion
A household includes the related family of statistical collection and estimation,
members and all the unrelated persons, if sampling procedures, and measures of
any, such as lodgers, foster children, or statistical reliability applicable to Census
employees who share the housing unit. A Bureau data, see Appendix III.
6 Population
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 1. Population and Area: 1790 to 2000
[Area figures represent area on indicated date including in some cases considerable areas not then organized or settled, and not
covered by the census. Area data include Alaska beginning in 1870 and Hawaii beginning in 1900. Total area figures for 1790 to
1970 have been recalculated on the basis of the remeasurement of states and counties for the 1980 census, but not on the basis
of the 1990 census. The land and water area figures for past censuses have not been adjusted and are not strictly comparable with
the total area data for comparable dates because the land areas were derived from different base data, and these values are known
to have changed with the construction of reservoirs, draining of lakes, etc. Density figures are based on land area measurements
as reported in earlier censuses]
Population 7
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 3. Resident Population Projections: 2008 to 2050
[304,228 represents 304,228,000. As of July 1. Projections are based on assumptions about future births, deaths, and net
international migration. More information on methodology and assumptions is available at <http://www.census.gov/population
/www/projections/methodstatement.html>]
Population
as of Net increase Net inter- Population
Period beginning national as of end
1
of period Total Percent Births Deaths migration 2 of period
April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2000 3 . . . 281,425 770 0.3 989 561 342 282,194
July 1, 2000 to July 1, 2001 . . . . 282,194 2,918 1.0 4,047 2,419 1,290 285,112
July 1, 2001 to July 1, 2002 . . . . 285,112 2,776 1.0 4,007 2,430 1,199 287,888
July 1, 2002 to July 1, 2003 . . . . 287,888 2,560 0.9 4,053 2,423 930 290,448
July 1, 2003 to July 1, 2004 . . . . 290,448 2,744 0.9 4,113 2,450 1,081 293,192
July 1, 2004 to July 1, 2005 . . . . 293,192 2,704 0.9 4,121 2,433 1,017 295,896
July 1, 2005 to July 1, 2006 . . . . 295,896 2,859 1.0 4,201 2,431 1,090 298,755
July 1, 2006 to July 1, 2007 . . . . 298,755 2,866 1.0 4,279 2,450 1,038 301,621
1
Percent of population at beginning of period. 2 Includes (a) the net international migration of the foreign born, (b) the net
migration between the United States and Puerto Rico, (c) the net migration of natives to and from the United States, and (d) the
net overseas movement of the Armed Forces population. 3 The April 1, 2000, Population Estimates base reflects changes to the
Census 2000 population from the Count Question Resolution program.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ‘‘Population, Population change and estimated components of population change: April 1, 2000,
to July 1, 2007’’; release date: December 27, 2007; <http://www.census.gov/popest/national/files/NST-EST2007-alldata.csv>.
8 Population
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 6. Resident Population by Sex, Race, and Hispanic-Origin Status:
2000 to 2007
[281,425 represents 281,425,000. As of July, except as noted. Data shown are modified race counts; see text, this section]
Population 9
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 7. Resident Population by Age and Sex: 1980 to 2007
10
[In thousands, except as indicated (226,546 represents 226,546,000). 1980, 1990, and 2000 data are enumerated population as of April 1; data for other years are estimated population as of July 1. Excludes
Population
Armed Forces overseas. For definition of median, see Guide to Tabular Presentation]
1 2 3
1980 1990 2000 2007
Age group 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006,
Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female total total total total total total Total Male Female
Total . . . . . . . . . . 226,546 110,053 116,493 248,791 121,284 127,507 281,425 138,056 143,368 285,112 287,888 290,448 293,192 295,896 298,755 301,621 148,659 152,962
Under 5 years . . . . . . 16,348 8,362 7,986 18,765 9,603 9,162 19,176 9,811 9,365 19,350 19,537 19,774 20,060 20,300 20,452 20,724 10,603 10,121
5 to 9 years . . . . . . . 16,700 8,539 8,161 18,042 9,236 8,806 20,550 10,523 10,026 20,235 19,976 19,754 19,599 19,526 19,674 19,850 10,149 9,701
10 to 14 years. . . . . . 18,242 9,316 8,926 17,067 8,742 8,325 20,528 10,520 10,008 20,892 21,108 21,193 21,117 20,845 20,587 20,314 10,400 9,914
15 to 19 years. . . . . . 21,168 10,755 10,413 17,893 9,178 8,714 20,219 10,391 9,828 20,305 20,362 20,468 20,703 21,020 21,275 21,474 11,007 10,467
20 to 24 years. . . . . . 21,319 10,663 10,655 19,143 9,749 9,394 18,963 9,688 9,275 19,797 20,299 20,636 20,870 20,947 20,994 21,032 10,853 10,179
25 to 29 years. . . . . . 19,521 9,705 9,816 21,336 10,708 10,629 19,382 9,799 9,583 18,938 18,896 19,051 19,458 19,945 20,575 21,058 10,776 10,282
30 to 34 years. . . . . . 17,561 8,677 8,884 21,838 10,866 10,973 20,511 10,322 10,189 20,732 20,802 20,673 20,408 20,010 19,607 19,533 9,906 9,627
35 to 39 years. . . . . . 13,965 6,862 7,104 19,851 9,837 10,014 22,707 11,319 11,388 22,280 21,830 21,373 21,007 20,952 21,119 21,176 10,655 10,522
40 to 44 years. . . . . . 11,669 5,708 5,961 17,593 8,679 8,914 22,442 11,130 11,313 22,843 22,941 22,964 23,022 22,824 22,436 21,985 10,964 11,021
45 to 49 years. . . . . . 11,090 5,388 5,702 13,747 6,741 7,006 20,093 9,890 10,203 20,709 21,272 21,752 22,103 22,462 22,767 22,861 11,303 11,559
50 to 54 years. . . . . . 11,710 5,621 6,089 11,315 5,494 5,821 17,586 8,608 8,978 18,662 18,695 19,034 19,486 19,986 20,459 21,013 10,292 10,721
55 to 59 years. . . . . . 11,615 5,482 6,133 10,489 5,009 5,480 13,469 6,509 6,961 13,934 15,082 15,719 16,479 17,341 18,206 18,236 8,847 9,389
60 to 64 years. . . . . . 10,088 4,670 5,418 10,627 4,947 5,679 10,806 5,137 5,669 11,104 11,501 12,109 12,583 12,993 13,350 14,476 6,928 7,548
65 to 74 years. . . . . . 15,581 6,757 8,824 18,048 7,908 10,140 18,391 8,303 10,088 18,322 18,282 18,349 18,472 18,639 18,910 19,352 8,887 10,465
75 to 84 years. . . . . . 7,729 2,867 4,862 10,014 3,745 6,268 12,361 4,879 7,482 12,590 12,760 12,885 12,978 13,052 13,057 13,024 5,313 7,711
85 years and over . . . 2,240 682 1,559 3,022 841 2,181 4,240 1,227 3,013 4,417 4,546 4,715 4,847 5,055 5,286 5,512 1,777 3,735
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
5 to 13 years . . . . . . 31,159 15,923 15,237 31,839 16,301 15,538 37,026 18,964 18,062 37,080 36,972 36,752 36,345 36,064 36,009 35,971 18,399 17,572
14 to 17 years. . . . . . 16,247 8,298 7,950 13,345 6,860 6,485 16,093 8,285 7,808 16,184 16,353 16,497 16,813 17,068 17,207 17,207 8,816 8,391
18 to 24 years. . . . . . 30,022 15,054 14,969 26,961 13,744 13,217 27,141 13,873 13,268 27,966 28,420 28,801 29,131 29,206 29,313 29,492 15,194 14,299
18 years and over . . . 162,791 77,473 85,321 184,841 88,519 96,322 209,130 100,996 108,133 212,498 215,026 217,425 219,973 222,464 225,087 227,719 110,841 116,878
55 years and over . . . 47,253 20,458 26,796 52,200 22,450 29,748 59,267 26,055 33,212 60,368 62,171 63,776 65,360 67,080 68,810 70,600 31,752 38,849
65 years and over . . . 25,550 10,306 15,245 31,084 12,494 18,589 34,992 14,410 20,582 35,330 35,588 35,949 36,297 36,746 37,253 37,888 15,976 21,912
75 years and over . . . 9,969 3,549 6,421 13,036 4,586 8,449 16,601 6,106 10,495 17,008 17,306 17,600 17,825 18,107 18,343 18,536 7,089 11,446
Median age
(years) . . . . . . . . . . 30.0 28.8 31.3 32.8 31.6 34.0 35.3 34.0 36.5 35.6 35.7 35.9 36.1 36.2 36.4 36.6 35.3 37.9
1
Total population count has been revised since the 1980 census publications. Numbers by age and sex have not been corrected. 2 The data shown have been modified from the official 1990 census counts. See
text of this section for explanation. The April 1, 1990, estimates base (248,790,925) includes count resolution corrections processed through August 1997. It generally does not include adjustments for census coverage
errors. However, it includes adjustments estimated for the 1995 Test Census in various localities in California, New Jersey, and Louisiana; and the 1998 census dress rehearsals in localities in California and Wisconsin.
These adjustments amounted to a total of 81,052 persons. 3 The April 1, 2000, population estimates base reflects changes to the Census 2000 population from the Count Question Resolution program.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P25-1095; ‘‘Table US-EST90INT-04 - Intercensal Estimates of the United States Resident Population by Age Groups and Sex, 1990−2000: Selected
Months’’; published 13 September 2002; <http://www.census.gov/popest/archives/EST90INTERCENSAL/US-EST90INT-04.html>; and ‘‘Annual Estimates of the Population by Sex and Five-Year Age Groups for the
United States: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2007 (NC-EST2007-01)’’; release date: May 1, 2008 <http://www.census.gov/popest/national/asrh/NC-EST2007/NC-EST2007-01.xls>.
Table 8. Resident Population by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age: 2000 and 2007
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
[In thousands (281,425 represents 281,425,000); except as indicated. 2000, as of April and 2007, as of July. For definition of median, see Guide to Tabular Presentation]
Under 5 years. . . . . . . 19,176 20,724 14,657 15,717 2,925 3,153 233 209 708 914 41 40 613 691 3,718 4,916 11,288 11,175
5 to 9 years . . . . . . . . 20,550 19,850 15,688 15,156 3,320 2,984 258 218 716 820 44 39 524 633 3,624 4,219 12,392 11,255
10 to 14 years . . . . . . 20,528 20,314 15,843 15,485 3,221 3,155 264 246 715 820 42 45 443 564 3,163 3,969 12,961 11,866
15 to 19 years . . . . . . 20,219 21,474 15,745 16,426 3,024 3,413 251 274 776 825 44 46 380 489 3,172 3,746 12,836 13,006
20 to 24 years . . . . . . 18,963 21,032 14,826 16,325 2,729 3,108 218 266 848 875 46 46 297 412 3,409 3,690 11,681 12,930
25 to 29 years . . . . . . 19,382 21,058 15,217 16,364 2,645 2,972 204 243 1,019 1,077 42 51 254 351 3,385 4,176 12,077 12,497
30 to 34 years . . . . . . 20,511 19,533 16,349 15,140 2,710 2,610 202 211 980 1,253 39 46 231 273 3,125 3,993 13,451 11,425
35 to 39 years . . . . . . 22,707 21,176 18,372 16,657 2,910 2,749 217 207 937 1,267 38 43 233 254 2,825 3,642 15,753 13,272
40 to 44 years . . . . . . 22,442 21,985 18,346 17,567 2,772 2,828 202 212 870 1,104 33 40 219 234 2,304 3,200 16,213 14,597
45 to 49 years . . . . . . 20,093 22,861 16,615 18,589 2,330 2,801 169 209 770 997 27 36 183 230 1,775 2,675 14,973 16,109
50 to 54 years . . . . . . 17,586 21,013 14,794 17,284 1,846 2,429 135 181 641 891 21 30 149 199 1,361 2,075 13,530 15,363
55 to 59 years . . . . . . 13,469 18,236 11,479 15,191 1,332 1,963 95 145 443 753 15 24 106 160 960 1,569 10,582 13,736
60 to 64 years . . . . . . 10,806 14,476 9,214 12,340 1,082 1,361 70 104 350 534 11 17 78 120 750 1,122 8,511 11,294
65 to 69 years . . . . . . 9,534 10,752 8,238 9,165 895 1,017 52 73 279 403 8 12 61 82 599 809 7,675 8,408
70 to 74 years . . . . . . 8,858 8,600 7,799 7,368 742 801 38 53 224 309 6 9 49 60 477 621 7,348 6,786
75 to 79 years . . . . . . 7,416 7,325 6,634 6,411 557 593 27 38 159 233 4 6 36 45 327 479 6,325 5,959
80 to 84 years . . . . . . 4,945 5,699 4,466 5,056 350 424 15 25 90 158 2 4 22 31 180 322 4,296 4,751
85 to 89 years . . . . . . 2,790 3,477 2,525 3,116 200 240 8 14 43 86 1 2 12 18 98 175 2,432 2,950
90 to 94 years . . . . . . 1,113 1,502 1,007 1,345 82 107 3 6 15 35 1 1 4 8 39 73 970 1,276
95 to 99 years . . . . . . 287 452 254 399 27 38 1 2 4 10 − − 1 3 11 25 243 374
100 years and over . . . 50 81 41 68 7 10 − 1 1 2 − − − 1 3 6 39 62
5 to 13 years . . . . . . . 37,026 35,971 28,381 27,454 5,923 5,462 471 412 1,288 1,477 78 74 885 1,091 6,186 7,402 22,754 20,652
14 to 17 years . . . . . . 16,093 17,207 12,523 13,115 2,426 2,768 205 218 590 657 33 37 315 412 2,438 3,101 10,290 10,286
18 to 24 years . . . . . . 27,141 29,492 21,197 22,822 3,944 4,430 315 374 1,178 1,207 64 64 444 596 4,744 5,122 16,827 18,119
16 years and over . . . . 217,151 236,468 178,790 191,560 25,633 28,780 1,857 2,211 8,304 10,649 328 404 2,237 2,865 24,204 31,618 156,352 162,259
18 years and over . . . . 209,130 227,719 172,546 184,880 24,431 27,373 1,755 2,099 8,003 10,319 311 385 2,084 2,663 22,964 30,085 151,245 156,979
16 to 64 years . . . . . . 182,159 198,580 147,826 158,633 22,773 25,550 1,713 1,998 7,489 9,413 305 369 2,051 2,617 22,471 29,106 127,023 131,693
55 years and over . . . . 59,267 70,600 51,656 60,458 5,274 6,554 310 462 1,608 2,523 48 75 371 527 3,444 5,203 48,422 55,597
65 years and over . . . . 34,992 37,888 30,964 32,927 2,860 3,230 144 213 815 1,235 23 35 186 248 1,734 2,512 29,329 30,567
75 years and over . . . . 16,601 18,536 14,927 16,394 1,223 1,413 55 87 312 523 8 14 77 106 657 1,081 14,306 15,373
85 years and over . . . . 4,240 5,512 3,827 4,927 316 395 13 24 63 133 2 3 18 30 151 280 3,685 4,663
Population
Median age (years) . . . 35.3 36.6 36.6 38.0 30.0 31.1 27.7 30.3 32.5 35.4 26.8 30.2 19.8 20.6 25.8 27.6 38.6 40.8
1 2
− Represents or rounds to zero. April 1, 2000, population estimates base reflects changes to the Census 2000 population from the Count Question Resolution program. Persons of Hispanic origin may be
any race.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ‘‘Annual Estimates of the Population by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex and Age for the United States: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2007 (NC-EST2007-04)’’; release date: May 1, 2008;
<http://www.census.gov/popest/national/asrh/NC-EST2007-asrh.html>.
11
Table 9. Resident Population by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Single Years
of Age: 2007
[In thousands, except as indicated (301,621 represents 301,621,000). As of July 1. For derivation of estimates, see text of this
section]
Race
Native
American Hawaiian
Age Black or Indian, and Other Not-
African Alaska Pacific Two or Hispanic
White American Native Asian Islander more Hispanic White
Total alone alone alone alone alone races origin 1 alone
Total . . . . . . . . 301,621 241,167 38,756 2,938 13,366 537 4,856 45,504 199,092
Under 5 years old. . . 20,724 15,717 3,153 209 914 40 691 4,916 11,175
Under 1 year old. . 4,257 3,211 660 44 186 9 147 1,033 2,266
1 year old . . . . . . 4,182 3,154 651 43 184 8 142 1,025 2,215
2 years old . . . . . 4,110 3,110 629 42 184 8 138 983 2,206
3 years old . . . . . 4,111 3,134 612 41 182 8 135 952 2,247
4 years old . . . . . 4,063 3,108 600 40 179 7 129 923 2,241
5 to 9 years old . . . . 19,850 15,156 2,984 218 820 39 633 4,219 11,255
5 years old . . . . . 4,032 3,084 606 39 171 7 125 899 2,235
6 years old . . . . . 4,089 3,124 622 39 174 7 124 886 2,289
7 years old . . . . . 3,936 3,005 588 45 159 8 130 838 2,238
8 years old . . . . . 3,892 2,970 580 47 157 9 130 801 2,243
9 years old . . . . . 3,901 2,973 588 47 160 9 124 795 2,250
10 to 14 years old . . 20,314 15,485 3,155 246 820 45 564 3,969 11,866
10 years old. . . . . 3,927 2,997 592 47 164 9 119 793 2,275
11 years old . . . . . 4,010 3,066 604 48 167 9 117 800 2,337
12 years old. . . . . 4,075 3,109 631 48 164 9 113 799 2,380
13 years old. . . . . 4,109 3,125 652 50 163 9 109 790 2,405
14 years old. . . . . 4,193 3,187 676 52 163 9 106 787 2,469
15 to 19 years old . . 21,474 16,426 3,413 274 825 46 489 3,746 13,006
15 years old. . . . . 4,265 3,249 685 54 163 9 104 781 2,536
16 years old. . . . . 4,334 3,307 697 55 163 9 102 770 2,605
17 years old. . . . . 4,415 3,372 710 56 167 9 100 763 2,676
18 years old. . . . . 4,258 3,262 672 54 167 9 94 718 2,606
19 years old. . . . . 4,202 3,235 649 54 165 9 90 713 2,583
20 to 24 years old . . 21,032 16,325 3,108 266 875 46 412 3,690 12,930
20 years old. . . . . 4,169 3,224 632 53 164 9 87 708 2,576
21 years old. . . . . 4,205 3,260 628 53 170 9 85 716 2,603
22 years old. . . . . 4,237 3,293 624 53 174 9 83 731 2,620
23 years old. . . . . 4,172 3,240 610 53 180 9 80 746 2,553
24 years old. . . . . 4,249 3,307 614 53 188 9 78 788 2,578
25 to 29 years old . . 21,058 16,364 2,972 243 1,077 51 351 4,176 12,497
25 years old. . . . . 4,286 3,333 615 51 200 10 77 823 2,572
26 years old. . . . . 4,332 3,369 615 51 212 10 75 838 2,593
27 years old. . . . . 4,321 3,353 617 50 220 11 71 859 2,558
28 years old. . . . . 4,116 3,193 578 47 222 10 66 829 2,426
29 years old. . . . . 4,002 3,115 547 45 223 10 62 827 2,348
30 to 34 years old . . 19,533 15,140 2,610 211 1,253 46 273 3,993 11,425
30 years old. . . . . 3,949 3,068 536 44 232 10 58 822 2,305
31 years old. . . . . 3,851 2,986 515 43 242 10 56 814 2,229
32 years old. . . . . 3,958 3,070 525 42 258 9 55 810 2,316
33 years old. . . . . 3,842 2,976 507 41 257 9 52 776 2,253
34 years old. . . . . 3,933 3,039 528 41 264 9 52 771 2,322
35 to 39 years old . . 21,176 16,657 2,749 207 1,267 43 254 3,642 13,272
35 years old. . . . . 4,119 3,204 546 42 265 9 53 761 2,496
36 years old. . . . . 4,346 3,411 569 43 260 9 54 753 2,712
37 years old. . . . . 4,426 3,487 573 43 262 9 53 752 2,789
38 years old. . . . . 4,182 3,311 529 41 245 8 49 696 2,664
39 years old. . . . . 4,103 3,244 531 40 234 8 46 681 2,611
40 to 44 years old . . 21,985 17,567 2,828 212 1,104 40 234 3,200 14,597
40 years old. . . . . 4,113 3,273 529 40 218 8 45 654 2,665
41 years old. . . . . 4,227 3,356 556 41 220 8 46 654 2,749
42 years old. . . . . 4,512 3,597 590 44 225 8 48 659 2,985
43 years old. . . . . 4,576 3,672 582 44 222 8 48 633 3,085
44 years old. . . . . 4,557 3,669 571 43 219 8 47 600 3,113
45 to 49 years old . . 22,861 18,589 2,801 209 997 36 230 2,675 16,109
45 years old. . . . . 4,569 3,703 565 43 203 8 47 580 3,165
46 years old. . . . . 4,612 3,753 564 42 199 7 46 555 3,238
47 years old. . . . . 4,691 3,797 587 43 208 8 47 559 3,279
48 years old. . . . . 4,495 3,662 548 40 193 7 45 503 3,196
49 years old. . . . . 4,495 3,674 537 40 193 7 44 478 3,231
See footnote at end of table.
12 Population
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 9. Resident Population by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Single Years
of Age: 2007—Con.
[In thousands, except as indicated (301,621 represents 301,621,000). As of July 1. For derivation of estimates, see text of this
section]
Race
Native
American Hawaiian
Age Black or Indian, and Other Not-
African Alaska Pacific Two or Hispanic
White American Native Asian Islander more Hispanic White
Total alone alone alone alone alone races origin 1 alone
50 to 54 years old . . 21,013 17,284 2,429 181 891 30 199 2,075 15,363
50 years old. . . . . 4,438 3,636 528 39 186 6 43 460 3,210
51 years old. . . . . 4,263 3,494 501 37 184 6 41 435 3,090
52 years old. . . . . 4,278 3,511 499 37 184 6 41 427 3,116
53 years old. . . . . 4,087 3,373 465 35 171 6 38 389 3,013
54 years old. . . . . 3,947 3,271 436 33 165 5 36 364 2,934
55 to 59 years old . . 18,236 15,191 1,963 145 753 24 160 1,569 13,736
55 years old. . . . . 3,811 3,167 416 31 157 5 34 341 2,852
56 years old. . . . . 3,706 3,075 412 30 152 5 33 329 2,771
57 years old. . . . . 3,687 3,047 412 30 161 5 32 326 2,745
58 years old. . . . . 3,535 2,953 373 28 146 5 31 294 2,680
59 years old. . . . . 3,497 2,949 350 27 137 4 30 280 2,689
60 to 64 years old . . 14,476 12,340 1,361 104 534 17 120 1,122 11,294
60 years old. . . . . 3,666 3,146 332 26 128 4 31 266 2,899
61 years old. . . . . 2,720 2,295 268 21 110 4 23 234 2,078
62 years old. . . . . 2,704 2,285 266 20 106 3 23 222 2,078
63 years old. . . . . 2,651 2,260 249 19 99 3 21 206 2,068
64 years old. . . . . 2,734 2,353 246 18 92 3 21 195 2,172
65 to 69 years old . . 10,752 9,165 1,017 73 403 12 82 809 8,408
65 years old. . . . . 2,399 2,051 222 16 89 3 19 177 1,885
66 years old. . . . . 2,215 1,886 210 15 84 3 17 167 1,729
67 years old. . . . . 2,143 1,815 211 15 83 3 17 166 1,660
68 years old. . . . . 2,024 1,729 189 13 75 2 15 153 1,586
69 years old. . . . . 1,972 1,685 185 13 72 2 15 146 1,548
70 to 74 years old . . 8,600 7,368 801 53 309 9 60 621 6,786
70 years old. . . . . 1,840 1,573 173 12 68 2 13 137 1,445
71 years old. . . . . 1,790 1,530 169 11 65 2 13 131 1,407
72 years old. . . . . 1,777 1,522 167 11 63 2 12 130 1,399
73 years old. . . . . 1,604 1,376 148 10 57 2 11 115 1,269
74 years old. . . . . 1,588 1,367 144 9 56 2 11 109 1,266
75 to 79 years old . . 7,325 6,411 593 38 233 6 45 479 5,959
75 years old. . . . . 1,548 1,345 132 9 51 1 10 105 1,246
76 years old. . . . . 1,510 1,322 121 8 49 1 9 101 1,227
77 years old. . . . . 1,510 1,317 125 8 49 1 9 100 1,223
78 years old. . . . . 1,394 1,225 110 7 43 1 8 90 1,140
79 years old. . . . . 1,363 1,202 105 6 41 1 8 84 1,123
80 to 84 years old . . 5,699 5,056 424 25 158 4 31 322 4,751
80 years old. . . . . 1,295 1,144 99 6 37 1 7 76 1,072
81 years old. . . . . 1,208 1,068 92 5 34 1 7 71 1,002
82 years old. . . . . 1,164 1,032 87 5 32 1 6 66 970
83 years old. . . . . 1,068 952 77 5 29 1 6 58 897
84 years old. . . . . 965 860 69 4 26 1 5 52 811
85 to 89 years old .. 3,477 3,116 240 14 86 2 18 175 2,950
90 to 94 years old .. 1,502 1,345 107 6 35 1 8 73 1,276
95 to 99 years old .. 452 399 38 2 10 − 3 25 374
100 years old and
over . . . . . . . . . .. 81 68 10 1 2 − 1 6 62
Median age (years). . 36.6 38.0 31.1 30.3 35.4 30.2 20.6 27.6 40.8
1
− Represents or rounds to zero. Persons of Hispanic origin may be any race.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ‘‘Monthly Population Estimates by Age, Sex, Race and Hispanic Origin for the United States:
April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2007’’; release date: May 1, 2008; <http://www.census.gov/popest/national/asrh/2007-nat-res.html>.
Population 13
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 10. Resident Population Projections by Sex and Age: 2010 to 2050
14
[In thousands, except as indicated (310,233 represents 310,233,000). As of July 1. Projections are based on assumptions about future births, deaths, and net international migration. More information on method-
Population
ology and assumptions is available at <http://www.census.gov/population/www/projections/methodstatement.html>. For definition of median, see Guide to Tabular Presentation]
85 to 89 years . . . . . 3,650 1,297 2,353 3,786 1,409 2,376 3,817 4,278 5,383 7,215 8,450 9,767 10,303 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 2.3
90 to 94 years . . . . . 1,570 473 1,097 1,856 591 1,265 1,976 2,047 2,360 3,044 4,180 5,007 5,909 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.3
95 to 99 years . . . . . 452 108 344 546 142 404 669 739 795 952 1,270 1,803 2,229 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5
100 years and over . 79 15 65 105 21 84 135 175 208 239 298 409 601 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) 0.1
5 to 13 years . . . . . . 37,123 18,945 18,178 39,011 19,900 19,111 40,792 42,490 43,858 45,170 46,743 48,664 50,697 12.0 12.0 11.9 11.9 11.5
14 to 17 years . . . . . 16,994 8,713 8,281 17,019 8,699 8,320 18,048 18,892 19,796 20,496 21,126 21,834 22,728 5.5 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.2
18 to 24 years . . . . . 30,713 15,675 15,037 30,885 15,746 15,139 30,817 32,555 34,059 35,695 37,038 38,234 39,538 9.9 9.5 9.0 9.1 9.0
16 years and over . . 243,639 118,739 124,900 255,864 124,858 131,006 268,722 282,014 295,595 309,084 322,265 335,328 348,811 78.5 78.6 78.7 78.9 79.5
18 years and over . . 235,016 114,316 120,700 247,434 120,547 126,887 259,702 272,585 285,688 298,809 311,669 324,389 337,437 75.8 76.0 76.1 76.3 76.9
16 to 64 years . . . . . 203,410 101,447 101,963 209,027 104,316 104,711 213,917 218,107 223,503 231,540 241,027 250,872 260,264 65.6 64.2 62.7 61.0 59.3
55 years and over . . 76,504 34,766 41,737 87,381 40,090 47,291 97,807 105,860 112,358 118,206 124,455 130,628 136,658 24.7 26.8 28.6 29.6 31.1
65 years and over . . 40,229 17,292 22,937 46,837 20,542 26,295 54,804 63,907 72,092 77,543 81,238 84,456 88,547 13.0 14.4 16.1 17.9 20.2
75 years and over . . 18,766 7,354 11,412 19,870 7,985 11,885 22,492 27,551 33,308 39,435 44,343 46,926 48,434 6.0 6.1 6.6 7.7 11.0
85 years and over . . 5,751 1,893 3,859 6,292 2,163 4,130 6,597 7,239 8,745 11,450 14,198 16,985 19,041 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 4.3
Median age (years). . 36.9 35.5 38.2 37.1 35.9 38.4 37.7 38.2 38.7 39.0 38.9 38.9 39.0 (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)
X Not applicable. Z Less than 0.05 percent.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ‘‘2008 National Population Projections,’’ released August 2008, <http://www.census.gov/population/www/projections/2008projections.html>.
Table 11. Resident Population by Race, Hispanic-Origin Status, and Age—Projections: 2010 and 2015
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
[In thousands (310,233 represents 310,233,000), except as indicated. As of July 1. Projections are based on assumptions about future births, deaths, and net international migration. More information on method-
ology and assumptions is available at <http://www.census.gov/population/www/projections/methodstatement.html> For definition of median, see Guide to Tabular Presentation]
2010 2015 2010 2015 2010 2015 2010 2015 2010 2015 2010 2015 2010 2015 2010 2015 2010 2015
Total . . . . . . . . . 310,233 325,540 246,630 256,306 39,909 42,137 3,188 3,472 14,415 16,527 592 662 5,499 6,435 49,726 57,711 200,853 203,208
Under 5 years . . . . . 21,100 22,076 15,944 16,563 3,034 3,191 286 311 943 1,004 53 56 840 951 5,053 5,622 11,375 11,487
5 to 9 years. . . . . . . 20,886 21,707 15,888 16,412 3,011 3,084 264 292 927 1,018 49 55 746 845 4,888 5,452 11,448 11,465
10 to 14 years . . . . . 20,395 21,658 15,560 16,467 3,021 3,080 244 271 894 1,034 45 52 631 754 4,513 5,401 11,440 11,540
15 to 19 years . . . . . 21,770 21,209 16,570 16,143 3,410 3,096 268 252 932 1,030 48 48 541 639 4,473 5,040 12,472 11,524
20 to 24 years . . . . . 21,779 22,342 16,731 16,976 3,330 3,449 275 273 938 1,047 47 50 459 546 4,010 4,873 13,049 12,499
25 to 29 years . . . . . 21,418 22,400 16,544 17,125 3,107 3,374 261 279 1,063 1,106 48 49 395 467 3,887 4,311 12,959 13,160
30 to 34 years . . . . . 20,400 22,099 15,711 16,915 2,845 3,158 228 264 1,245 1,305 52 52 319 405 4,039 4,166 11,974 13,068
35 to 39 years . . . . . 20,267 20,841 15,674 15,946 2,691 2,872 210 230 1,376 1,413 47 54 269 325 3,868 4,236 12,078 12,023
40 to 44 years . . . . . 21,010 20,460 16,610 15,763 2,713 2,690 205 211 1,199 1,476 42 48 241 272 3,431 3,979 13,423 12,062
45 to 49 years . . . . . 22,596 21,001 18,202 16,561 2,838 2,679 216 204 1,064 1,272 40 43 236 242 3,002 3,491 15,415 13,316
50 to 54 years . . . . . 22,109 22,367 18,049 17,998 2,650 2,765 200 214 957 1,115 34 40 219 234 2,425 3,036 15,800 15,177
55 to 59 years . . . . . 19,517 21,682 16,134 17,691 2,170 2,545 165 196 840 1,001 27 34 181 216 1,862 2,450 14,409 15,417
60 to 64 years . . . . . 16,758 18,861 14,087 15,582 1,671 2,042 130 160 704 875 21 27 145 176 1,417 1,867 12,769 13,849
65 to 69 years . . . . . 12,261 15,812 10,446 13,285 1,130 1,528 87 123 483 717 15 21 99 138 974 1,387 9,534 11,994
70 to 74 years . . . . . 9,202 11,155 7,867 9,511 845 990 61 80 350 469 10 14 69 91 710 920 7,201 8,650
75 to 79 years . . . . . 7,282 7,901 6,331 6,780 619 690 41 53 236 310 7 9 48 60 514 637 5,848 6,183
80 to 84 years . . . . . 5,733 5,676 5,093 4,957 427 458 26 32 151 186 4 5 33 38 354 424 4,759 4,558
85 to 89 years . . . . . 3,650 3,786 3,290 3,374 247 271 14 17 78 99 2 3 19 22 195 257 3,106 3,131
90 to 94 years . . . . . 1,570 1,856 1,423 1,674 106 125 5 7 27 39 1 1 8 10 78 117 1,350 1,564
95 to 99 years . . . . . 452 546 407 492 35 40 1 2 7 9 − − 2 3 26 35 383 459
100 years and over . 79 105 69 92 8 10 − − 1 1 − − 1 1 6 9 63 83
5 to 13 years . . . . . . 37,123 39,011 28,273 29,577 5,412 5,529 459 511 1,636 1,844 85 97 1,259 1,454 8,501 9,786 20,536 20,678
14 to 17 years . . . . . 16,994 17,019 12,941 12,937 2,619 2,478 205 204 741 818 38 39 450 543 3,595 4,112 9,648 9,175
18 to 24 years . . . . . 30,713 30,885 23,536 23,483 4,741 4,703 387 374 1,315 1,468 66 70 668 787 5,788 6,869 18,225 17,173
16 years and over . . 243,639 255,864 196,026 203,643 30,201 32,171 2,343 2,547 11,466 13,267 435 489 3,168 3,747 34,372 40,202 164,202 166,441
18 years and over . . 235,016 247,434 189,473 197,229 28,844 30,940 2,237 2,446 11,095 12,861 416 470 2,950 3,487 32,576 38,192 159,295 161,868
16 to 64 years . . . . . 203,410 209,027 161,100 163,478 26,783 28,059 2,108 2,232 10,132 11,437 397 436 2,890 3,384 31,515 36,416 131,959 129,819
55 years and over . . 76,504 87,381 65,147 73,437 7,258 8,698 531 671 2,877 3,706 87 114 604 755 6,136 8,104 59,421 65,888
65 years and over . . 40,229 46,837 34,926 40,164 3,418 4,111 235 314 1,333 1,831 39 53 278 363 2,858 3,786 32,243 36,623
75 years and over . . 18,766 19,870 16,613 17,368 1,442 1,594 87 111 500 645 14 18 110 133 1,173 1,479 15,509 15,978
85 years and over . . 5,751 6,292 5,189 5,632 397 445 20 26 113 149 3 4 29 36 305 418 4,902 5,238
Population
Median age (yrs.) . . . 36.9 37.1 38.4 38.6 31.7 32.8 29.9 31.1 36.0 37.5 30.5 32.0 19.9 20.2 27.5 27.8 41.3 42.1
1
− Represents or rounds to zero. Persons of Hispanic origin may be any race.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ‘‘2008 National Population Projections,’’ released August 2008, <http://www.census.gov/population/www/projections/2008projections.html>.
15
Figure 1.1
Center of Population: 1790 to 2000
[Prior to 1960, excludes Alaska and Hawaii. The median center is located at the intersection of two median lines, a north-south line
constructed so that half of the nation’s population lives east and half lives west of it, and an east-west line selected so that half of
the nation’s population lives north and half lives south of it. The mean center of population is that point at which an imaginary, flat,
weightless, and rigid map of the United States would balance if weights of identical value were placed on it so that each weight
represented the location of one person on the date of the census]
IOWA PENNSYLVANIA
Pittsburgh
OHIO
ILLINOIS INDIANA
Columbus
Springfield Indianapolis Baltimore
1870
1820 1800 1790
1930 1910 1890 1880 1860 1850 1840 1810
1920 1900 1830 DC MD
St. Louis 1960 1940
1950 Charleston
1970 Louisville WEST VIRGINIA
1980 Richmond
1990
2000 KENTUCKY VIRGINIA
MISSOURI
WAYNE
1970
ME
Indianapolis HANCOCK
GO
MARION
MO
MORGAN JOHNSON
SHELBY OHIO
BUTLER WARREN CLINTON
VIGO FRANKLIN
CLAY
HAMILTON
ME
HIGHLAND
NT
LO
BROWN Cincinnati
MONROE
HO
MO
RT
ER
SULLIVAN RIPLEY
BA
CL
CAMPBELL
GREENE
KENTON
JENNINGS
1990 OHIO BOONE BROWN
JACKSON SWITZERLAND
MARTIN
LAWRENCE
KNOX DAVIESS 2000 JEFFERSON
WASHINGTON SCOTT Median Center of Population
16 Population
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 12. Resident Population—States: 1980 to 2007
[In thousands (226,546 represents 226,546,000). 1980, 1990, and 2000 data as of April 1, data for other years as of July 1.
Insofar as possible, population shown for all years is that of present area of state. See Appendix III]
1990, 2000,
State estimates estimates
1
1980 base 2 base 3 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
United States . . . . . . 226,546 248,791 281,425 287,888 290,448 293,192 295,896 298,755 301,621
Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,894 4,040 4,447 4,471 4,488 4,509 4,540 4,590 4,628
Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 550 627 643 651 662 669 677 683
Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,718 3,665 5,131 5,445 5,579 5,744 5,952 6,166 6,339
Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . 2,286 2,351 2,673 2,703 2,720 2,743 2,772 2,809 2,835
California . . . . . . . . . . . 23,668 29,811 33,872 34,964 35,377 35,722 35,990 36,250 36,553
Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,890 3,294 4,302 4,508 4,555 4,609 4,674 4,766 4,862
Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . 3,108 3,287 3,406 3,452 3,473 3,482 3,486 3,496 3,502
Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . 594 666 784 805 816 828 841 853 865
District of Columbia . . . . 638 607 572 579 577 580 582 585 588
Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,746 12,938 15,983 16,668 16,959 17,343 17,736 18,058 18,251
Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,463 6,478 8,187 8,591 8,740 8,921 9,108 9,342 9,545
Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . 965 1,108 1,212 1,229 1,240 1,254 1,268 1,279 1,283
Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 944 1,007 1,294 1,342 1,364 1,392 1,426 1,464 1,499
Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,427 11,431 12,420 12,578 12,625 12,680 12,720 12,777 12,853
Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,490 5,544 6,081 6,151 6,185 6,219 6,257 6,303 6,345
Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,914 2,777 2,926 2,931 2,936 2,946 2,956 2,973 2,988
Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,364 2,478 2,689 2,712 2,722 2,731 2,742 2,756 2,776
Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . 3,661 3,687 4,042 4,089 4,114 4,140 4,171 4,204 4,241
Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . 4,206 4,222 4,469 4,465 4,474 4,488 4,496 4,243 4,293
Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,125 1,228 1,275 1,294 1,303 1,309 1,312 1,315 1,317
Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . 4,217 4,781 5,297 5,434 5,494 5,538 5,573 5,602 5,618
Massachusetts. . . . . . . . 5,737 6,016 6,349 6,432 6,439 6,434 6,429 6,434 6,450
Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . 9,262 9,295 9,938 10,044 10,075 10,103 10,108 10,102 10,072
Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . 4,076 4,376 4,919 5,021 5,052 5,086 5,114 5,155 5,198
Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . 2,521 2,575 2,845 2,859 2,868 2,887 2,900 2,899 2,919
Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,917 5,117 5,597 5,676 5,706 5,745 5,788 5,838 5,878
Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . 787 799 902 910 917 927 936 947 958
Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . 1,570 1,578 1,711 1,726 1,735 1,744 1,754 1,764 1,775
Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . 800 1,202 1,998 2,168 2,238 2,330 2,409 2,492 2,565
New Hampshire . . . . . . . 921 1,109 1,236 1,272 1,283 1,294 1,303 1,312 1,316
New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . 7,365 7,748 8,414 8,558 8,605 8,641 8,657 8,666 8,686
New Mexico . . . . . . . . . 1,303 1,515 1,819 1,851 1,870 1,892 1,916 1,942 1,970
New York . . . . . . . . . . . 17,558 17,991 18,977 19,133 19,208 19,258 19,263 19,282 19,298
North Carolina . . . . . . . . 5,882 6,632 8,046 8,319 8,421 8,538 8,679 8,869 9,061
North Dakota . . . . . . . . . 653 639 642 634 633 637 636 637 640
Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,798 10,847 11,353 11,415 11,436 11,453 11,460 11,464 11,467
Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . 3,025 3,146 3,451 3,486 3,500 3,517 3,536 3,578 3,617
Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,633 2,842 3,421 3,522 3,557 3,583 3,630 3,691 3,747
Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . 11,864 11,883 12,281 12,306 12,327 12,349 12,367 12,403 12,433
Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . 947 1,003 1,048 1,067 1,073 1,073 1,067 1,062 1,058
South Carolina. . . . . . . . 3,122 3,486 4,012 4,105 4,147 4,201 4,255 4,330 4,408
South Dakota . . . . . . . . 691 696 755 762 767 774 780 788 796
Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . 4,591 4,877 5,689 5,802 5,853 5,912 5,989 6,075 6,157
Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,229 16,986 20,852 21,730 22,086 22,455 22,844 23,408 23,904
Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,461 1,723 2,233 2,337 2,373 2,431 2,505 2,580 2,645
Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 563 609 615 617 619 620 621 621
Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,347 6,189 7,079 7,282 7,371 7,464 7,558 7,640 7,712
Washington . . . . . . . . . . 4,132 4,867 5,894 6,062 6,119 6,190 6,271 6,375 6,468
West Virginia . . . . . . . . . 1,950 1,793 1,808 1,800 1,803 1,805 1,806 1,809 1,812
Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . 4,706 4,892 5,364 5,445 5,475 5,510 5,540 5,573 5,602
Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . 470 454 494 497 499 503 507 513 523
1
See footnote 3, Table 1. 2 The April 1, 1990, census counts include corrections processed through August 1997, results
of special censuses and test censuses, and do not include adjustments for census coverage errors. 3 Reflects modifications to
the Census 2000 population as documented in the Count Question Resolution program and geographic program revisions.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P25-1106; ‘‘Table CO-EST2001-12-00 - Time Series of Intercensal
State Populaton Estimates: April 1, 1990 to April 1, 2000’’; published 11 April 2002; <http://www.census.gov/popest/archives/2000s
/vintage2001/CO-EST2001-12/CO-EST2001-12-00.html>; and ‘‘Table 1: Annual Estimates of the Population for the United States,
Regions, and States, and for Puerto Rico: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2007 (NST-EST2007-01)’’ published 27 December 2007;
<http://www.census.gov/popest/states/NST-ann-est.html>.
Population 17
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 13. State Population—Rank, Percent Change, and Population Density:
1980 to 2007
[As of April 1, except 2007, as of July 1. Insofar as possible, population shown for all years is that of present area of state. For
area figures of states, see Table 344. Minus sign (−) indicates decrease. See Appendix III]
18 Population
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 14. State Resident Population—Projections: 2010 to 2030
[As of July 1. 4,596 represents 4,596,000. These state projections were produced in correspondence with the U.S. interim pro-
jections released in March 2004. Projections in this table were developed for each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia by
age and sex for the years 2000 to 2030, based on Census 2000 results. These projections differ from forecasts in that they rep-
resent the results of the mathematical projection model given that current state-specific trends in fertility, mortality, domestic migra-
tion, and net international migration continue. The projections to 2007 have been superseded by population estimates which are
shown in Table 12. Minus sign (−) indicates decrease]
Population 19
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 15. State Resident Population—Components of Change: 2000 to 2007
[Covers period April 1, 2000, to July 1, 2007. Minus sign (−) indicates net decrease or net outflow]
20 Population
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 16. Resident Population by Age and State: 2007
[In thousands, except percent (301,621 represents 301,621,000). As of July. Includes Armed Forces stationed in area]
Per-
cent
85 65
State 18 to 25 to 35 to 45 to 55 to 65 to 75 to years years
Under 5 to 17 24 34 44 54 64 74 84 and and
Total 5 years years years years years years years years years over over
U.S. . . . . . 301,621 20,724 53,178 29,492 40,591 43,161 43,875 32,712 19,352 13,024 5,512 12.6
AL . . . . . . . . 4,628 308 815 447 606 630 668 528 333 210 82 13.5
AK . . . . . . . . 683 51 131 73 101 98 110 72 29 14 5 7.0
AZ . . . . . . . . 6,339 500 1,170 591 917 863 824 654 421 287 113 12.9
AR . . . . . . . . 2,835 199 502 264 379 378 392 324 207 133 57 14.0
CA . . . . . . . . 36,553 2,660 6,724 3,832 5,235 5,438 5,100 3,561 2,049 1,370 585 11.0
CO. . . . . . . . 4,862 350 843 460 735 724 735 523 265 163 65 10.1
CT . . . . . . . . 3,502 211 609 323 403 528 555 401 229 166 78 13.5
DE . . . . . . . . 865 59 147 85 108 124 126 99 62 41 15 13.6
DC . . . . . . . . 588 36 78 74 108 85 76 62 36 23 11 11.9
FL . . . . . . . . 18,251 1,148 2,895 1,595 2,289 2,543 2,578 2,104 1,479 1,126 494 17.0
GA . . . . . . . . 9,545 737 1,794 904 1,382 1,463 1,346 976 524 300 118 9.9
HI . . . . . . . . 1,283 87 199 123 179 178 183 150 87 68 29 14.3
ID . . . . . . . . 1,499 119 289 147 209 194 206 161 92 58 25 11.7
IL. . . . . . . . . 12,853 891 2,308 1,292 1,779 1,841 1,860 1,332 785 530 234 12.1
IN . . . . . . . . 6,345 437 1,149 605 852 884 931 690 408 273 115 12.5
IA . . . . . . . . 2,988 196 515 305 365 391 443 334 207 154 77 14.7
KS . . . . . . . . 2,776 196 500 290 361 367 406 296 174 125 61 13.0
KY . . . . . . . . 4,241 278 726 384 588 603 625 488 295 182 72 13.0
LA . . . . . . . . 4,293 298 781 466 570 569 622 464 277 177 69 12.2
ME. . . . . . . . 1,317 71 209 112 150 189 219 173 99 68 28 14.8
MD. . . . . . . . 5,618 377 982 540 721 848 865 624 350 222 89 11.8
MA. . . . . . . . 6,450 377 1,056 641 824 974 989 729 415 304 140 13.3
MI . . . . . . . . 10,072 633 1,814 974 1,262 1,430 1,537 1,142 655 443 182 12.7
MN. . . . . . . . 5,198 354 906 507 687 743 804 560 317 215 105 12.2
MS. . . . . . . . 2,919 219 549 302 382 384 406 312 193 121 51 12.5
MO . . . . . . . 5,878 393 1,032 558 776 804 870 656 402 268 118 13.4
MT . . . . . . . . 958 59 160 94 117 119 153 121 69 45 20 14.0
NE . . . . . . . . 1,775 130 316 187 229 230 257 189 114 83 40 13.3
NV . . . . . . . . 2,565 195 465 210 385 382 356 286 163 92 30 11.1
NH . . . . . . . . 1,316 75 223 119 151 201 220 160 85 56 24 12.6
NJ . . . . . . . . 8,686 557 1,507 766 1,070 1,349 1,342 960 569 397 169 13.1
NM. . . . . . . . 1,970 145 355 205 264 256 278 217 132 85 34 12.7
NY . . . . . . . . 19,298 1,197 3,217 1,975 2,523 2,844 2,854 2,142 1,282 880 385 13.2
NC . . . . . . . . 9,061 638 1,580 855 1,219 1,341 1,301 1,023 592 369 143 12.2
ND . . . . . . . . 640 40 103 83 79 77 95 69 43 33 17 14.6
OH. . . . . . . . 11,467 736 2,015 1,075 1,461 1,592 1,745 1,297 781 542 222 13.5
OK . . . . . . . . 3,617 261 638 372 493 467 508 398 251 161 68 13.3
OR. . . . . . . . 3,747 236 627 336 528 513 562 457 249 166 73 13.1
PA . . . . . . . . 12,433 730 2,057 1,197 1,455 1,734 1,920 1,451 896 692 302 15.2
RI . . . . . . . . 1,058 61 172 115 130 154 161 119 68 53 25 13.9
SC . . . . . . . . 4,408 296 764 431 573 614 632 525 311 189 72 13.0
SD . . . . . . . . 796 56 140 82 99 99 117 89 54 40 20 14.3
TN . . . . . . . . 6,157 410 1,062 552 846 883 898 714 429 261 102 12.9
TX . . . . . . . . 23,904 1,989 4,634 2,433 3,528 3,430 3,234 2,261 1,278 798 318 10.0
UT . . . . . . . . 2,645 256 561 328 430 319 304 213 124 79 31 8.9
VT . . . . . . . . 621 32 99 61 70 88 104 82 44 29 12 13.6
VA . . . . . . . . 7,712 518 1,308 761 1,052 1,160 1,145 858 490 302 117 11.8
WA . . . . . . . 6,468 423 1,113 598 907 939 986 745 394 252 111 11.7
WV . . . . . . . 1,812 104 283 159 232 242 276 235 146 98 37 15.5
WI . . . . . . . . 5,602 356 965 550 712 790 867 625 365 256 115 13.1
WY . . . . . . . 523 36 89 53 70 66 83 62 34 21 9 12.2
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ‘‘Annual Estimates of the Population by Sex and Age for States and for Puerto Rico: April 1, 2000
to July 1, 2007’’; release date: May 1, 2008; <http://www.census.gov/popest/states/asrh/SC-EST2007-02.html>.
Population 21
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 17. Resident Population by Age and State—Projections: 2010 and 2015
[As of July 1. 1,092 represents 1,092,000. These projections were produced in correspondence with the U.S. interim projections
released in March 2004. Projections in this table were developed for each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia by age and
sex for the years 2000 to 2030, based on Census 2000 results. These projections differ from forecasts in that they represent the
results of the mathematical projection model given that current state-specific trends in fertility, mortality, domestic migration and net
international migration continue. The projections to 2007 have been superseded by population estimates which are shown in Table
16]
CO . . . . . . 1,189 1,256 1,863 1,886 1,263 1,280 282 369 235 258 24.9 12.4
CT. . . . . . . 814 807 1,257 1,251 990 1,001 253 308 262 270 22.2 15.9
DE. . . . . . . 202 210 309 305 249 264 68 87 57 61 22.6 16.0
DC . . . . . . 114 112 237 225 118 108 32 34 29 27 22.1 12.2
FL . . . . . . . 4,086 4,455 6,315 6,614 5,431 6,002 1,773 2,345 1,646 1,789 21.0 19.5
GA . . . . . . 2,502 2,679 3,724 3,822 2,382 2,543 564 723 417 464 26.2 11.6
HI . . . . . . . 316 330 477 479 357 350 101 131 90 96 23.8 16.3
ID . . . . . . . 400 427 554 583 381 400 99 129 82 91 26.2 13.5
IL . . . . . . . 3,197 3,215 4,842 4,798 3,277 3,307 826 979 774 799 24.5 13.6
IN . . . . . . . 1,596 1,614 2,328 2,333 1,656 1,664 425 508 386 398 24.8 13.9
IA . . . . . . . 711 707 1,049 1,031 800 794 217 259 233 236 23.4 16.3
KS. . . . . . . 699 708 1,004 1,001 727 724 185 225 190 194 24.8 14.7
KY. . . . . . . 1,002 1,007 1,540 1,526 1,165 1,181 309 376 249 262 23.1 14.6
LA . . . . . . . 1,172 1,176 1,665 1,642 1,194 1,192 313 379 270 285 25.2 14.2
ME . . . . . . 269 269 462 455 413 415 110 142 102 108 19.3 18.0
MD . . . . . . 1,406 1,487 2,212 2,283 1,568 1,601 386 478 332 359 23.9 13.5
MA . . . . . . 1,484 1,474 2,440 2,402 1,817 1,857 454 567 454 458 21.8 15.2
MI . . . . . . . 2,487 2,479 3,822 3,799 2,785 2,814 699 852 635 654 23.4 14.2
MN . . . . . . 1,290 1,349 2,027 2,069 1,433 1,475 343 429 327 346 23.8 13.7
MS . . . . . . 759 753 1,052 1,028 781 801 209 254 170 179 25.0 14.4
MO . . . . . . 1,411 1,436 2,111 2,123 1,578 1,589 432 518 390 404 23.7 15.2
MT . . . . . . 212 216 324 326 287 284 77 100 68 74 21.6 17.4
NE. . . . . . . 446 454 619 608 460 455 119 145 125 126 25.4 15.2
NV. . . . . . . 665 752 961 1,033 735 851 199 264 131 158 24.6 13.8
NH . . . . . . 304 313 494 508 408 418 97 129 82 88 21.5 14.9
NJ . . . . . . . 2,088 2,104 3,252 3,239 2,446 2,528 632 760 600 625 22.7 15.0
NM . . . . . . 479 485 669 654 553 560 153 201 126 142 23.7 16.8
NY. . . . . . . 4,421 4,353 7,227 7,077 5,144 5,173 1,346 1,589 1,306 1,354 22.3 15.1
NC . . . . . . 2,269 2,438 3,471 3,586 2,445 2,611 641 810 520 565 24.4 13.7
ND . . . . . . 142 139 223 219 174 169 46 56 51 51 21.8 17.0
OH . . . . . . 2,744 2,723 4,123 4,054 3,121 3,093 816 980 771 786 23.4 15.2
OK . . . . . . 895 915 1,264 1,260 938 933 266 316 229 238 25.0 15.1
OR . . . . . . 863 916 1,412 1,470 1,022 1,036 263 348 231 242 22.8 14.7
PA . . . . . . . 2,748 2,741 4,385 4,334 3,496 3,487 960 1,159 997 990 21.6 16.9
RI . . . . . . . 249 248 410 412 300 304 76 94 82 81 21.8 15.4
SC. . . . . . . 1,036 1,061 1,579 1,581 1,226 1,271 343 439 263 290 22.9 15.7
SD. . . . . . . 194 196 269 264 209 209 55 67 60 61 24.6 16.1
TN. . . . . . . 1,479 1,539 2,249 2,275 1,673 1,720 461 570 368 399 23.7 14.9
TX . . . . . . . 6,785 7,376 9,417 9,848 5,859 6,248 1,426 1,826 1,162 1,287 27.7 11.7
UT. . . . . . . 819 872 1,021 1,073 520 556 127 162 108 119 31.3 10.1
VT . . . . . . . 132 132 232 235 195 193 50 67 43 46 19.6 16.9
VA . . . . . . . 1,880 1,982 2,997 3,085 2,139 2,207 554 703 441 490 23.4 14.1
WA . . . . . . 1,488 1,561 2,481 2,591 1,777 1,833 429 567 367 399 22.5 13.9
WV . . . . . . 382 373 618 595 536 525 156 190 136 140 20.4 18.1
WI . . . . . . . 1,319 1,343 2,076 2,067 1,561 1,591 392 487 380 395 22.8 15.0
WY . . . . . . 116 115 177 174 154 150 40 52 33 37 21.9 16.8
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ‘‘File 2. Annual projections by 5-year and selected age groups by sex’’; published 21 April 2005;
<http://www.census.gov/population/www/projections/projectionsagesex.html>.
22 Population
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 18. Resident Population by Race, Hispanic Origin, and State: 2007
[In thousands (301,621 represents 301,621,000). As of July. Persons of Hispanic origin may be any race. Due to the complexi-
ties associated with the production of detailed characteristics’ estimates at the state level, the values of the estimates at lower lev-
els of geography may not necessarily sum to estimates at higher levels of geography]
One race
Native
American Hawaiian
State Black or Indian/ and Other Not
African Alaska Pacific Two or Hispanic
Total White American Native Asian Islander more Hispanic White
population alone alone alone alone alone races origin alone
U.S.. . . . 301,621 241,167 38,756 2,938 13,366 537 4,856 45,504 199,092
Population 23
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 19. Large Metropolitan Statistical Areas—Population: 1990 to 2007
[1990 and 2000, as of April 1; beginning 2005 as of July 1 (658 represents 658,000). Covers metropolitan statistical areas with
250,000 and over population in 2007, as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget as of December 2006. All geographic
boundaries for 2000 to 2007 population estimates are defined as of January 1, 2007. For definitions and components of all met-
ropolitan and micropolitan areas, see Appendix II. Minus sign (−) indicates decrease]
24 Population
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 19. Large Metropolitan Statistical Areas—Population: 1990 to 2007—Con.
[1990 and 2000, as of April 1; beginning 2005 as of July 1 (658 represents 658,000). Covers metropolitan statistical areas with
250,000 and over population in 2007, as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget as of December 2006. All geographic
boundaries for 2000 to 2007 population estimates are defined as of January 1, 2007. For definitions and components of all met-
ropolitan and micropolitan areas, see Appendix II. Minus sign (−) indicates decrease]
Population 25
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 19. Large Metropolitan Statistical Areas—Population: 1990 to 2007—Con.
[1990 and 2000, as of April 1; beginning 2005 as of July 1 (658 represents 658,000). Covers metropolitan statistical areas with
250,000 and over population in 2007, as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget as of December 2006. All geographic
boundaries for 2000 to 2007 population estimates are defined as of January 1, 2007. For definitions and components of all met-
ropolitan and micropolitan areas, see Appendix II. Minus sign (−) indicates decrease]
26 Population
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 20. 50 Largest Metropolitan Statistical Areas in 2007—
Components of Population Change: 2000 to 2007
[Covers period April 1, 2000, to July 1, 2007, (1,031 represents 1,031,000). Covers metropolitan statistical areas as defined by
the U.S. Office of Management and Budget as of December 2006. All geographic boundaries for 2000 to 2007 population estimates
are defined as of January 1, 2007. For definitions and components of all metropolitan and micropolitan areas, see Appendix II. Minus
sign (−) indicates decrease or outmigration]
Number
(1,000)
Metropolitan statistical area Natural increase Net migration
Total Inter- Internal Percent
change 1 Total Births Deaths Total national migration change
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,031 350 556 206 557 187 370 24.3
Austin-Round Rock, TX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 119 169 50 234 61 173 27.9
Baltimore-Towson, MD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 81 250 169 9 33 −23 4.5
Birmingham-Hoover, AL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 28 108 80 30 9 21 5.4
Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 149 407 258 −95 169 −264 2.1
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −42 5 93 88 −41 10 −51 −3.6
Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord, NC-SC . . . . . . . . . . . 321 93 169 76 235 44 191 24.1
Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI . . . . . . . . . . . . 426 520 1,026 506 −96 396 −491 4.7
Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 84 213 129 1 18 −16 6.2
Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, OH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −52 38 193 155 −90 25 −115 −2.4
Columbus, OH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 92 185 93 53 31 22 8.8
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 984 472 712 240 531 301 230 19.1
Denver-Aurora, CO 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 170 270 100 119 96 23 13.1
Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 148 430 282 −175 94 −268 0.3
Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT . . . . . . . . 40 26 100 74 20 26 −7 3.5
Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX. . . . . . . . . . . . . 913 423 645 222 432 274 158 19.4
Indianapolis-Carmel, IN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 90 181 91 79 21 58 11.1
Jacksonville, FL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 52 126 74 130 11 119 15.9
Kansas City, MO-KS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 99 209 111 53 30 23 8.1
Las Vegas-Paradise, NV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461 99 186 86 367 68 300 33.5
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA . . . . . . . . 510 871 1,432 561 −310 838 −1,148 4.1
Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 36 116 80 37 12 25 6.1
Memphis, TN-MS-AR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 63 141 78 16 13 3 6.3
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL . . . . . . 405 162 507 344 255 432 −177 8.1
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI . . . . . . . . . . . 44 62 155 94 −45 24 −69 2.9
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI . . . . . . . 239 194 331 136 56 75 −19 8.1
Nashville-Davidson−Murfreesboro−Franklin, TN . . . . 210 68 148 80 123 26 97 16.0
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island,
NY-NJ-PA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493 827 1,863 1,036 −559 1,125 −1,685 2.7
Oklahoma City, OK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 55 126 71 47 20 27 8.9
Orlando-Kissimmee, FL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388 90 190 100 302 68 234 23.6
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD . . . 141 155 546 391 8 97 −88 2.5
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 928 269 458 188 664 173 491 28.5
Pittsburgh, PA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −75 −25 181 205 −40 16 −56 −3.1
Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, OR-WA . . . . . . . . . 247 99 208 108 157 71 86 12.8
Providence-New Bedford-Fall River, RI-MA . . . . . . . 18 32 140 108 −7 29 −37 1.1
Raleigh-Cary, NC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 69 106 36 178 35 143 31.4
Richmond, VA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 40 111 71 81 13 68 10.6
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA . . . . . . . . . . 827 259 443 184 580 100 481 25.4
Rochester, NY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −7 24 88 65 −24 14 −37 −0.7
Sacramento−Arden-Arcade−Roseville, CA . . . . . . . 294 101 205 104 200 66 134 16.4
St. Louis, MO-IL 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 82 265 183 −8 27 −36 3.9
Salt Lake City, UT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 106 146 40 8 41 −33 13.5
San Antonio, TX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 122 218 96 164 30 134 16.3
San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA . . . . . . . . . . 161 185 328 143 −10 103 −113 5.7
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA . . . . . . . . . . . 80 195 407 213 −101 257 −358 1.9
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA . . . . . . . . . . 68 137 202 66 −64 167 −232 3.9
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 151 304 153 115 107 8 8.7
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL. . . . . . . . . . . 328 18 225 207 320 60 260 13.7
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC . . . . . 82 82 171 89 3 −1 5 5.2
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV. . . 511 338 558 220 154 253 −99 10.6
1
The estimated components of population change will not sum to the total population change due to the process of controlling
to national totals. 2 Broomfield County, CO, was formed from parts of Adams, Boulder, Jefferson, and Weld Counties, CO, on
November 15, 2001, and is coextensive with Broomfield city. For purposes of defining and presenting data for metropolitan
statistical areas, Broomfield city is treated as if it were a county at the time of the 2000 census. 3 The portion of Sullivan city in
Crawford County, Missouri, is legally part of the St. Louis, MO-IL MSA. Data shown here do not include this area.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ‘‘Table 10: Cumulative Estimates of the Components of Population Change for Metropolitan and
Micropolitan Statistical Areas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2007 (CBSA-EST2007-10)’’; published 27 March 2008; <http://www.census.gov
/population/www/estimates/CBSA-est2007-comp-chg.html>.
Population 27
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 21. Metropolitan Statistical Areas With More Than 750,000 Persons in
2007—Population by Race and Hispanic Origin: 2007
[In thousands (853 represents 853,000). As of July 1. Covers metropolitan statistical areas as defined by the U.S. Office of Man-
agement and Budget as of December 2006. All geographic boundaries are defined as of January 1, 2007. For definitions and com-
ponents of all metropolitan and micropolitan areas, see Appendix II]
Ameri- Native
Black can Hawai-
or Indian ian and
Metropolitan statistical area African and Other
Ameri- Alaska Pacific Two or
Total White can Native Asian Islander more Hispanic
persons alone alone alone alone alone races origin 1
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853 750 64 2 25 (Z) 12 27
Albuquerque, NM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 835 721 30 50 16 1 17 369
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ . . . . . . . . . 804 737 36 2 19 (Z) 9 85
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA . . . . . . . . . . 5,279 3,309 1,662 19 217 4 68 496
Austin-Round Rock, TX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,598 1,363 126 11 72 2 24 476
Bakersfield, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791 677 51 14 32 2 16 366
Baltimore-Towson, MD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,668 1,749 770 8 101 2 38 84
Baton Rouge, LA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 770 472 277 2 12 (Z) 6 19
Birmingham-Hoover, AL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,108 771 312 4 12 (Z) 9 34
Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH . . . . . . . . . . 4,483 3,798 345 12 266 3 59 348
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT. . . . . . . . . . . . 895 746 97 3 38 1 10 133
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,128 949 139 8 19 (Z) 13 38
Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord, NC-SC . . . . . . . . . 1,652 1,194 387 8 43 1 18 139
Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI . . . . . . . . . . . 9,525 7,151 1,725 34 499 8 109 1,858
Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,134 1,811 259 4 36 1 23 38
Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, OH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,096 1,611 416 5 38 1 26 85
Columbus, OH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,754 1,419 248 5 55 1 27 50
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,145 4,831 887 43 290 9 85 1,654
Dayton, OH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 836 684 123 2 13 (Z) 12 14
Denver-Aurora, CO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,465 2,162 141 25 85 4 48 545
Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,468 3,216 1,032 15 141 2 61 162
Fresno, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899 733 52 17 79 2 17 433
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777 685 61 4 14 1 13 61
Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT . . . . . . 1,189 998 132 3 39 1 16 129
Honolulu, HI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 906 230 34 5 408 76 154 67
Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX . . . . . . . . . . . 5,628 4,228 975 33 320 7 66 1,880
Indianapolis-Carmel, IN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,695 1,389 249 5 30 1 21 79
Jacksonville, FL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,301 944 292 5 38 1 20 74
Kansas City, MO-KS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,985 1,657 243 11 40 2 32 138
Las Vegas-Paradise, NV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,836 1,435 188 18 132 10 52 511
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA . . . . . . 12,876 9,683 1,001 120 1,785 44 241 5,675
Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN . . . . . . . . . . . 1,234 1,032 167 4 16 1 15 33
Memphis, TN-MS-AR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,281 659 583 4 22 1 12 48
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL . . . . 5,413 4,078 1,128 22 118 6 62 2,110
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI . . . . . . . . . 1,544 1,219 253 9 40 1 22 127
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI. . . . . . 3,208 2,754 210 25 158 2 59 148
Nashville-Davidson−Murfreesboro−Franklin, TN . . 1,521 1,228 237 5 31 1 19 80
New Haven-Milford, CT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 845 692 109 3 29 1 12 108
New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner, LA . . . . . . . . . . . 1,030 652 334 5 27 1 12 64
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island,
NY-NJ-PA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,816 12,985 3,683 91 1,753 22 282 4,011
Oklahoma City, OK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,193 942 129 46 36 1 39 111
Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 830 730 66 5 17 1 12 61
Orlando-Kissimee, FL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,032 1,588 325 10 75 3 33 456
Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA . . . . . . . . . 798 699 17 9 53 2 18 297
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD . 5,828 4,260 1,224 15 253 3 72 373
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,179 3,686 195 99 120 9 72 1,271
Pittsburgh, PA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,356 2,095 196 4 36 1 23 26
Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, OR-WA . . . . . . . 2,175 1,905 66 20 118 7 58 219
Providence-New Bedford-Fall River, RI-MA . . . . . 1,601 1,442 87 8 39 2 23 145
Raleigh-Cary, NC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,048 777 213 5 38 1 13 91
Richmond, VA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,213 794 367 5 31 1 15 46
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA . . . . . . . . 4,081 3,356 326 56 233 15 95 1,835
Rochester, NY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,030 871 118 3 23 (Z) 15 51
Sacramento−Arden-Arcade−Roseville, CA . . . . . . 2,091 1,586 159 24 232 13 77 386
St. Louis, MO-IL 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,804 2,196 513 8 52 1 34 59
Salt Lake City, UT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,100 1,007 18 11 32 14 19 168
San Antonio, TX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,991 1,767 135 19 38 3 29 1,050
San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA . . . . . . . . . 2,975 2,368 165 29 308 15 89 901
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA . . . . . . . . . 4,204 2,699 383 27 925 30 139 844
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA. . . . . . . . . 1,804 1,143 51 14 542 8 46 478
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,309 2,600 185 38 347 21 119 240
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL . . . . . . . . . 2,724 2,281 318 12 72 2 38 388
Tucson, AZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 967 855 35 33 25 2 17 316
Tulsa, OK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 906 706 83 65 13 1 38 64
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC . . . 1,659 1,034 529 7 52 2 34 67
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV . 5,307 3,312 1,413 21 452 5 104 633
Worcester, MA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 781 712 29 2 28 1 9 62
Z Less than 500. 1 Persons of Hispanic origin may be any race. 2 The portion of Sullivan city in Crawford County, Missouri,
is legally part of the St. Louis, MO-IL MSA. Data shown here do not include this area.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, USA Counties; <http://censtats.census.gov/usa/usa.shtml>; accessed 18 August 2008.
28 Population
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 22. Metropolitan Statistical Areas With More Than 750,000 Persons in
2007—Population by Age: 2007
[In thousands (853 represents 853,000). As of July 1. Covers metropolitan statistical areas as defined by the U.S. Office of Man-
agement and Budget as of December 2006. All geographic boundaries are defined as of January 1, 2007. For definitions and com-
ponents of all metropolitan and micropolitan areas, see Appendix II]
Number (1,000)
75 Percent Percent
Metropolitan statistical area Under 18 to 45 to 65 to years under 65 years
18 44 64 74 and 18 and
Total years years years years over years over
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853 184 325 229 55 60 21.5 13.5
Albuquerque, NM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 835 209 316 212 51 47 25.0 11.8
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ . . . . . . . . . 804 184 285 217 55 64 22.8 14.7
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA . . . . . . . . . . 5,279 1,427 2,123 1,302 248 179 27.0 8.1
Austin-Round Rock, TX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,598 413 713 353 65 54 25.9 7.4
Bakersfield, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791 237 325 159 38 32 30.0 8.8
Baltimore-Towson, MD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,668 640 992 713 168 156 24.0 12.1
Baton Rouge, LA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 770 197 308 187 43 36 25.5 10.2
Birmingham-Hoover, AL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,108 271 403 292 74 67 24.5 12.8
Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH . . . . . . . . . . 4,483 999 1,718 1,201 282 283 22.3 12.6
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT. . . . . . . . . . . . 895 225 305 248 59 58 25.1 13.1
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,128 247 398 309 81 93 21.9 15.4
Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord, NC-SC . . . . . . . . . 1,652 434 648 414 86 69 26.3 9.4
Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI . . . . . . . . . . . 9,525 2,461 3,655 2,371 543 495 25.8 10.9
Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,134 537 789 555 131 122 25.2 11.9
Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, OH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,096 499 710 584 149 155 23.8 14.5
Columbus, OH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,754 446 701 429 96 81 25.4 10.1
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,145 1,714 2,508 1,421 285 216 27.9 8.2
Dayton, OH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 836 195 299 223 61 58 23.3 14.2
Denver-Aurora, CO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,465 628 961 642 127 106 25.5 9.4
Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,468 1,120 1,586 1,220 274 268 25.1 12.1
Fresno, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899 269 356 187 44 43 29.9 9.7
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777 206 295 192 42 41 26.6 10.7
Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT . . . . . . 1,189 270 429 326 79 84 22.7 13.7
Honolulu, HI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 906 201 344 226 62 72 22.1 14.9
Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX . . . . . . . . . . . 5,628 1,592 2,225 1,353 263 195 28.3 8.1
Indianapolis-Carmel, IN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,695 453 641 423 94 84 26.7 10.5
Jacksonville, FL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,301 323 481 350 82 64 24.8 11.3
Kansas City, MO-KS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,985 514 728 518 117 108 25.9 11.3
Las Vegas-Paradise, NV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,836 485 717 444 111 80 26.4 10.4
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA . . . . . . 12,876 3,349 5,129 3,036 709 652 26.0 10.6
Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN . . . . . . . . . . . 1,234 299 446 336 80 73 24.2 12.4
Memphis, TN-MS-AR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,281 352 472 326 72 58 27.5 10.2
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL . . . . 5,413 1,228 1,914 1,392 403 476 22.7 16.2
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI . . . . . . . . . 1,544 389 548 417 95 96 25.2 12.3
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI. . . . . . 3,208 814 1,231 845 168 150 25.4 9.9
Nashville-Davidson−Murfreesboro−Franklin, TN . . 1,521 376 594 393 88 71 24.7 10.4
New Haven-Milford, CT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 845 197 310 222 54 62 23.3 13.7
New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner, LA . . . . . . . . . . . 1,030 240 373 290 67 60 23.3 12.4
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island,
NY-NJ-PA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,816 4,421 7,113 4,860 1,233 1,189 23.5 12.9
Oklahoma City, OK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,193 302 459 294 74 64 25.3 11.6
Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 830 222 313 205 47 43 26.7 10.8
Orlando-Kissimee, FL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,032 490 780 502 137 124 24.1 12.8
Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA . . . . . . . . . 798 209 296 205 47 42 26.2 11.1
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD . 5,828 1,405 2,117 1,547 376 382 24.1 13.0
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,179 1,140 1,622 944 244 229 27.3 11.3
Pittsburgh, PA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,356 488 785 679 183 220 20.7 17.1
Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, OR-WA . . . . . . . 2,175 529 831 588 121 106 24.3 10.4
Providence-New Bedford-Fall River, RI-MA . . . . . 1,601 358 600 423 103 118 22.3 13.8
Raleigh-Cary, NC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,048 275 430 259 48 36 26.2 8.0
Richmond, VA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,213 290 463 320 73 67 23.9 11.5
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA . . . . . . . . 4,081 1,180 1,669 834 201 198 28.9 9.8
Rochester, NY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,030 234 377 281 68 70 22.7 13.4
Sacramento−Arden-Arcade−Roseville, CA . . . . . . 2,091 520 828 502 123 118 24.8 11.6
St. Louis, MO-IL 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,804 684 1,009 751 182 178 24.4 12.8
Salt Lake City, UT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,100 325 444 239 50 42 29.5 8.4
San Antonio, TX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,991 551 769 457 111 102 27.7 10.7
San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA . . . . . . . . . 2,975 741 1,214 688 160 171 24.9 11.1
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA . . . . . . . . . 4,204 911 1,624 1,149 265 256 21.7 12.4
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA. . . . . . . . . 1,804 435 722 454 104 87 24.1 10.6
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,309 769 1,285 912 182 161 23.2 10.4
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL . . . . . . . . . 2,724 596 936 724 217 251 21.9 17.2
Tucson, AZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 967 230 354 240 70 73 23.8 14.8
Tulsa, OK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 906 232 327 235 59 53 25.7 12.3
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC . . . 1,659 418 653 403 98 86 25.2 11.1
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV . 5,307 1,300 2,084 1,405 293 225 24.5 9.8
Worcester, MA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 781 187 290 208 46 50 23.9 12.3
1
The portion of Sullivan city in Crawford County, Missouri, is legally part of the St. Louis, MO-IL MSA. Data shown here do
not include this area.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, USA Counties; <http://censtats.census.gov/usa/usa.shtml>; accessed 18 August 2008.
Population 29
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 23. Population by Core-Based Statistical Area Status and State:
2000 to 2007
[2000, as of April 1; beginning 2005 as of July 1 (262,135 represents 262,135,000). Covers core-based statistical areas (met-
ropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas) as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget as of December 2006. All
geographic boundaries for 2000 to 2007 population estimates are defined as of January 1, 2007. For definitions and components
of all metropolitan and micropolitan areas, see Appendix II. Minus sign (−) indicates decrease]
GA . . . . . 7,411 8,295 8,710 90.5 91.3 17.5 776 813 835 9.5 8.7 7.7
HI . . . . . 1,211 1,267 1,283 100.0 100.0 5.9 − − − − − −19.0
ID . . . . . 1,103 1,232 1,302 85.2 86.8 18.0 191 194 198 14.8 13.2 3.4
IL. . . . . . 11,796 12,109 12,247 95.0 95.3 3.8 624 610 606 5.0 4.7 −2.9
IN . . . . . 5,715 5,893 5,982 94.0 94.3 4.7 366 364 363 6.0 5.7 −0.7
IA . . . . . 2,090 2,148 2,188 71.4 73.2 4.7 836 808 800 28.6 26.8 −4.3
KS . . . . . 2,248 2,328 2,369 83.6 85.3 5.4 440 414 407 16.4 14.7 −7.6
KY . . . . . 3,036 3,162 3,227 75.1 76.1 6.3 1,006 1,009 1,015 24.9 23.9 0.8
LA . . . . . 4,156 4,192 3,987 93.0 92.9 −4.1 313 303 306 7.0 7.1 −2.2
ME. . . . . 893 927 930 70.0 70.6 4.2 382 386 387 30.0 29.4 1.3
MD. . . . . 5,218 5,492 5,536 98.5 98.5 6.1 79 81 83 1.5 1.5 4.7
MA. . . . . 6,325 6,403 6,424 99.6 99.6 1.6 25 26 26 0.4 0.4 6.2
MI . . . . . 9,153 9,321 9,292 92.1 92.3 1.5 785 787 780 7.9 7.7 −0.7
MN. . . . . 4,266 4,464 4,547 86.7 87.5 6.6 654 650 650 13.3 12.5 −0.5
MS. . . . . 2,196 2,260 2,276 77.2 78.0 3.7 648 640 642 22.8 22.0 −0.9
MO . . . . 4,810 4,998 5,087 85.9 86.5 5.8 787 790 792 14.1 13.5 0.6
MT . . . . . 574 612 632 63.7 65.9 10.0 328 324 326 36.3 34.1 −0.5
NE . . . . . 1,339 1,402 1,429 78.2 80.5 6.7 373 352 346 21.8 19.5 −7.3
NV . . . . . 1,950 2,362 2,517 97.6 98.1 29.1 48 47 48 2.4 1.9 0.8
NH . . . . . 1,192 1,256 1,268 96.5 96.4 6.4 44 47 47 3.5 3.6 8.5
OH. . . . . 10,849 10,952 10,960 95.6 95.6 1.0 504 508 507 4.4 4.4 0.6
OK . . . . . 2,891 2,982 3,060 83.8 84.6 5.9 560 554 557 16.2 15.4 −0.5
OR. . . . . 3,281 3,491 3,608 95.9 96.3 9.9 140 139 140 4.1 3.7 −0.1
PA . . . . . 11,899 11,986 12,051 96.9 96.9 1.3 382 381 381 3.1 3.1 −0.2
RI . . . . . 1,048 1,067 1,058 100.0 100.0 0.9 − − − − − −
SC . . . . . 3,735 3,984 4,137 93.1 93.9 10.8 277 271 271 6.9 6.1 −2.3
SD . . . . . 527 561 578 69.8 72.6 9.7 228 219 218 30.2 27.4 −4.2
TN . . . . . 5,080 5,371 5,530 89.3 89.8 8.9 610 619 626 10.7 10.2 2.8
TX . . . . . 19,486 21,473 22,526 93.5 94.2 15.6 1,366 1,371 1,378 6.5 5.8 0.9
UT . . . . . 2,107 2,379 2,515 94.4 95.1 19.3 126 126 130 5.6 4.9 3.7
VT . . . . . 449 457 458 73.8 73.8 2.0 159 162 163 26.2 26.2 2.2
VA . . . . . 6,269 6,739 6,884 88.6 89.3 9.8 810 819 828 11.4 10.7 2.2
WA . . . . 5,678 6,050 6,243 96.3 96.5 10.0 216 221 225 3.7 3.5 4.1
WV . . . . 1,348 1,356 1,365 74.5 75.3 1.3 461 449 447 25.5 24.7 −2.9
WI . . . . . 4,604 4,769 4,830 85.8 86.2 4.9 759 771 771 14.2 13.8 1.6
WY . . . . 352 364 376 71.3 71.9 6.8 142 142 147 28.7 28.1 3.6
1
− Represents or rounds to zero. The April 1, 2000, estimates base reflects changes to the Census 2000 population
resulting from legal boundary updates as of January 1 of the estimates year, other geographic program changes, and the Count
2
Question Resolution program. Includes Broomfield city.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ‘‘Annual Estimates of the Population for Counties: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2007’’; published 20
March 2008; <http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO-EST2007-01.html>; and unpublished data.
30 Population
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 24. Population in Coastal Counties: 1980 to 2007
[Population as of April 1, except as indicated (3,537 represents 3,537,000). Areas as defined by U.S. National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, 1992. Covers 673 counties and equivalent areas with at least 15 percent of their land area either in
a coastal watershed (drainage area) or in a coastal cataloging unit (a coastal area between watersheds). See Appendix III]
Population 31
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 26. Incorporated Places With 150,000 or More Inhabitants in 2007—
Population: 1990 to 2007
[In thousands, except as indicated (223 represents 223,000). As of April 1, except beginning 2005 as of July 1. Beginning
with 2000 estimates base, data refer to boundaries in effect on January 1, 2007; 1990 and 2000 census data, boundaries in effect
on January 1, 2000; Minus sign (−) indicates decrease. See Appendix III]
32 Population
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 26. Incorporated Places With 150,000 or More Inhabitants in 2007—
Population: 1990 to 2007—Con.
[See headnote, page 32]
Population 33
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 27. Incorporated Places by Population Size: 1990 to 2007
[152.9 represents 152,900,000. See Appendix III]
Table 28. Urban and Rural Population by State: 1990 and 2000
[222,361 represents 222,361,000. As of April 1. Resident population. For urban definitions; see text, this section]
34 Population
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 29. Mobility Status of the Population by Selected Characteristics:
1981 to 2007
[As of March (221,641 represents 221,641,000). For persons 1 year old and over. Based on comparison of place of residence
in immediate prior year and year shown. Excludes members of the Armed Forces except those living off post or with their families
on post. Based on Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplement; see text of this section and Appendix III.
For composition of regions, see map, inside front cover]
Percent distribution
Movers (different house in United States)
Mobility period
and characteristic Different county
Movers
Total Non- Same Same Different from
(1,000) movers Total county Total state state abroad
1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221,641 83 17 10 6 3 3 1
1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244,884 83 16 10 6 3 3 1
2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275,611 86 14 8 6 3 3 1
All All
Reason for move mov- Intra- Inter- From Reason for move mov- Intra- Inter- From
ers county county abroad ers county county abroad
Total (1,000) . . . . . . 38,681 25,192 12,299 1,191 Housing-related reasons . ... 42.0 52.8 23.2 6.5
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Wanted to own home/
not rent. . . . . . . . . . ... 5.9 7.3 3.8 0.2
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 New/better house/
Family-related reasons . . . . . 30.1 31.3 28.1 26.5 apartment . . . . . . . . ... 15.8 20.4 7.4 2.8
Change in marital status . . 5.9 6.2 5.3 5.7 Better neighborhood/
To establish own less crime . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 6.6 3.5 2.1
household . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 12.0 5.9 5.0 Cheaper housing . . . . . . . 8.0 9.9 4.9 0.1
Other family reasons. . . . . 14.4 13.0 16.9 15.8 Other housing . . . . . . . . . 6.8 8.6 3.6 1.4
Work-related reasons . . . . . . 20.8 10.7 38.5 52.4 Other reasons. . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 5.2 10.2 14.5
New job/job transfer . . . . . 9.8 2.5 23.2 25.8 Attend/leave college . . . . . 1.9 1.0 3.3 6.8
To look for work/lost job. . . 1.7 0.7 3.1 8.6 Change of climate . . . . . . 0.4 0.1 1.0 0.2
Closer to work/ Health reasons . . . . . . . . 1.4 1.1 2.2 −
easier commute . . . . . . . 4.8 4.5 5.5 3.1 Natural disaster . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.4 0.7 −
Retired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 − 1.1 0.5 Other reason . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 2.6 3.1 7.6
Other job-related reason . . 4.0 2.8 5.5 14.4
− Represents or rounds to zero.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ‘‘Geographical Mobility: 2006 to 2007, Detailed Tables’’; <http://www.census.gov/population/www
/socdemo/migrate.html>.
Population 35
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 31. Mobility Status of Households by Household Income: 2007
[As of March (116,041 represents 116,041,000). Covers householders 15 years old and over. Based on comparison of place of
residence in 2006 and 2007. Excludes members of the Armed Forces except those living off post or with their families on post. Based
on Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplement; see text of this section and Appendix III]
Percent distribution
Movers (different house in United States)
Household income in 2006 Different county
Movers
Total Non- Same Same Different from
(1,000) movers Total county Total state state abroad
Householders, 15 years old
and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,041 87 12 8 4 3 2 −
Less than $5,000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,563 75 22 16 6 4 3 2
$5,000 to $9,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,129 82 18 13 5 3 2 −
$10,000 to $14,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,883 85 15 11 4 3 1 −
$15,000 to $24,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,743 85 15 10 5 3 2 −
$25,000 to $34,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,359 86 14 10 4 3 2 −
$35,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,931 86 14 10 4 3 2 −
$50,000 to $69,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,421 88 12 8 4 3 2 −
$70,000 to $99,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,860 91 9 6 3 2 1 −
$100,000 and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,152 92 8 5 3 2 2 −
− Represents or rounds to zero.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ‘‘Geographical Mobility: 2006 to 2007, Detailed Tables’’; <http://www.census.gov/population/www
/socdemo/migrate.html>.
36 Population
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 33. Persons 65 Years Old and Over—Characteristics by Sex: 1990 to 2007
[As of March, except as noted (29.6 represents 29,600,000). Covers civilian noninstitutional population. Excludes members of
Armed Forces except those living off post or with their families on post. Data for 1990 are based on 1980 census population con-
trols; 2000 data based on 1990 census population controls; beginning 2005, data based on 2000 census population controls and
an expanded sample of households. Based on Current Population Survey; see text, this section and Appendix III]
Marital status:
Never married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 3.9 4.1 3.8 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.0 4.9 3.6 3.9 3.7
Married. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.1 57.2 57.7 57.7 76.5 75.2 74.9 75.4 41.4 43.8 44.7 44.5
Spouse present . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.1 54.6 54.8 55.3 74.2 72.6 71.7 72.8 39.7 41.3 42.0 42.2
Spouse absent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 2.6 2.9 2.4 2.3 2.6 3.2 2.6 1.7 2.5 2.7 2.3
Widowed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.2 32.1 30.3 29.7 14.2 14.4 13.7 13.1 48.6 45.3 42.9 42.2
Divorced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 6.7 7.9 8.7 5.0 6.1 7.0 7.5 5.1 7.2 8.5 9.6
Educational attainment:
Less than ninth grade . . . . . . . . . . . 28.5 16.7 13.4 11.9 30.0 17.8 13.2 12.2 27.5 15.9 13.5 11.7
Completed 9th to 12th grade, but
1 1 1
no high school diploma . . . . . . . . . 16.1 13.8 12.7 12.0 15.7 12.7 11.9 11.4 16.4 14.7 13.3 12.5
2 2 2
High school graduate . . . . . . . . . . . 32.9 35.9 36.3 37.4 29.0 30.4 31.6 33.5 35.6 39.9 39.9 40.3
3 3 3
Some college or associate’s degree. . 10.9 18.0 18.7 19.5 10.8 17.8 18.4 18.2 11.0 18.2 19.0 20.5
4 4 4
Bachelor’s or advanced degree . . . . . 11.6 15.6 18.9 19.2 14.5 21.4 24.9 24.8 9.5 11.4 14.3 15.0
Labor force participation: 5
Employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 12.4 14.5 15.5 15.9 16.9 19.1 19.8 8.4 9.1 11.1 12.2
Unemployed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4
Not in labor force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.1 87.2 84.9 84.0 83.6 82.5 80.2 79.5 91.3 90.6 88.5 87.4
Percent below poverty level 6 . . . . . . . . 11.4 9.7 9.8 9.4 7.8 6.9 7.0 6.6 13.9 11.8 11.9 11.5
1
Represents those who completed 1 to 3 years of high school. 2 Represents those who completed 4 years of high school.
3
Represents those who completed 1 to 3 years of college. 4 Represents those who completed 4 years of college or more.
5
Annual averages of monthly figures. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, January issues. See
footnote 2, Table 567. 6 Poverty status based on income in preceding year.
Source: Except as noted, U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P20-546, and earlier reports; ‘‘Educational
Attainment’’; <http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/educ-attn.html>; ‘‘Families and Living Arrangements’’; <http://www.census
.gov/population/www/socdemo/hh-fam.html>; and ‘‘Detailed Poverty Tabulations from the CPS’’; <http://www.census.gov/hhes
/www/poverty/detailedpovtabs.html>.
Table 34. Persons 65 Years Old and Over—Living Arrangements and Disability
Status: 2006
[In thousands (37,191 represents 37,191,000), except as indicated. The American Community Survey universe includes the
household population and the population living in institutions, college dormitories, and other group quarters. Based on a sample
and subject to sampling variability; see text, this section and Appendix III]
Percent 75 years
Relationship by
distri- Type of disability 65 to 74 old and
household type
Number bution Total years old over
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,191 100.0 Persons with a disability . . . . . . 14,567 5,624 8,943
In households . . . . . . . . . . . 35,304 94.9
In family households . . . . . 24,129 64.9 With a sensory disability . . . . . . . . . 5,885 1,864 4,022
Householder . . . . . . . . . 12,019 32.3 With a physical disability. . . . . . . . . 11,143 4,344 6,799
Spouse . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,547 23.0 With a mental disability. . . . . . . . . . 4,406 1,438 2,968
Parent . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,074 5.6 With a self-care disability . . . . . . . . 3,719 1,132 2,587
Other relatives . . . . . . . 1,341 3.6 With a go-outside-home disability . . . 6,302 1,742 4,559
Nonrelatives . . . . . . . . . 148 0.4
In nonfamily households. . . 11,175 30.0
Householder . . . . . . . . . 10,701 28.8
Living alone . . . . . . . 10,209 27.5
Not living alone . . . . . 492 1.3
Nonrelatives . . . . . . . . . 474 1.3
In group quarters . . . . . . . . . 1,887 5.1
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006 American Community Survey; B09017. Relationship by Household Type (Including Living
Alone) for the Population 65 Years and Over; B18002. Sex by Age by Disability Status for the Civilian Noninstitutionalized
Population 5 Years and Over; B18003. Sex by Age by Sensory Disability for the Civilian Noninstitutionalized Population 5 Years
and Over; B18004. Sex by Age by Physical Disability for the Civilian Noninstitutionalized Population 5 Years and Over; B18005.
Sex by Age by Mental Disability for the Civilian Noninstitutionalized Population 5 Years and Over; B18006. Sex by Age by Self-Care
Disability for the Civilian Noninstitutionalized Population 5 Years and Over; B18007. Sex by Age by Go-Outside-Home Disability
for the Civilian Noninstitutionalized Population 16 Years and Over; using American FactFinder®; <http://factfinder.census.gov/>;
accessed: 16 January 2008.
Population 37
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 35. Selected Characteristics of Racial Groups and Hispanic/Latino
Population: 2006
[In thousands (195,933 represents 195,933,000), except as indicated. The American Community Survey universe includes the
household population and the population living in institutions, college dormitories, and other group quarters. Based on a sample
and subject to sampling variability; see text of this section and Appendix III. For definition of median, see Guide to Tabular Presen-
tation]
Black or American
Characteristic African Indian and
Total White American Alaska Asian
population alone alone Native alone alone
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Persons 25 years old and over, total . . . . . . . 195,933 150,606 21,877 1,403 8,902
Less than 9th grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,744 7,782 1,303 134 745
9th to 12th grade, no diploma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,503 12,529 3,196 200 538
High school graduate (includes equivalency). . . . . . . 59,124 45,771 7,474 475 1,549
Some college, no degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,186 30,074 4,636 304 1,067
Associate’s degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,486 11,449 1,579 112 619
Bachelor’s degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,496 27,168 2,444 117 2,636
Graduate degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,395 15,834 1,246 61 1,747
Percent high school graduate or higher . . . . . . . . . . 84.1 86.5 79.4 76.2 85.6
Percent bachelor’s degree or higher . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.0 28.6 16.9 12.7 49.2
OCCUPATION
Employed civilian population,
16 years old and over, total . . . . . . . . .... 141,501 108,354 14,982 925 6,526
Management, professional, and related
occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 48,058 38,893 3,962 230 3,049
Management, business, and financial
operations occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,415 16,116 1,432 87 1,009
Professional and related occupations . . . . . . . . . . 28,643 22,777 2,530 143 2,040
Service occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,361 15,995 3,582 207 1,018
Sales and office occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,616 28,474 3,996 212 1,520
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations . . . . . . . . 1,007 748 47 15 15
Construction, extraction, and maintenance
occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 14,094 11,141 934 122 241
Construction and extraction occupations . . . . .... 9,133 7,118 549 88 105
Installation, maintenance, and repair
occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 4,961 4,023 385 34 136
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 18,365 13,103 2,461 140 683
Production occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 9,614 6,899 1,091 68 476
Transportation and material moving
occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 8,751 6,203 1,370 72 207
FAMILY INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS
Median family income in the past 12 months (dol.). . . 58,526 62,712 38,385 38,800 72,305
2
POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS
Persons below poverty level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,757 22,657 8,969 607 1,381
Percent below poverty level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3 10.5 25.3 26.6 10.7
Families below poverty level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,283 4,134 1,815 121 253
Percent below poverty level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 7.2 21.6 22.5 8.2
HOUSING TENURE
38 Population
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 35. Selected Characteristics of Racial Groups and Hispanic/Latino
Population: 2006—Con.
[See headnote, page 38]
Native
Hawaiian
and Other
Characteristic Pacific White alone,
Islander Some other Two or more Hispanic/ not Hispanic
alone race alone races Latino 1 or Latino
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Persons 25 years old and over, total . . . . . . . 252 10,435 2,458 24,066 137,803
Less than 9th grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2,612 151 5,756 4,773
9th to 12th grade, no diploma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 1,756 260 3,824 10,590
High school graduate (includes equivalency). . . . . . . 102 3,082 671 6,767 42,307
Some college, no degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 1,451 601 3,510 28,195
Associate’s degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 505 201 1,257 10,754
Bachelor’s degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 731 375 2,020 25,957
Graduate degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 298 199 932 15,227
Percent high school graduate or higher . . . . . . . . . . 84.1 58.1 83.3 60.2 88.9
Percent bachelor’s degree or higher . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9 9.9 23.3 12.3 29.9
OCCUPATION
Employed civilian population,
16 years old and over, total . . . . . . . . .... 201 8,519 1,994 19,270 98,266
Management, professional, and related
occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 41 1,276 607 3,316 36,989
Management, business and financial
operations occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 530 224 1,400 15,297
Professional and related occupations . . . . . . . . . . 24 745 383 1,915 21,692
Service occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 2,107 405 4,544 13,718
Sales and office occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 1,806 553 4,226 26,233
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations . . . . . . . . 1 167 13 447 485
Construction, extraction, and maintenance
occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 25 1,450 182 3,180 9,480
Construction and extraction occupations . . . . .... 18 1,139 116 2,496 5,811
Installation, maintenance, and repair
occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 7 310 65 684 3,669
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 31 1,713 234 3,556 11,361
Production occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 14 956 110 1,939 5,964
Transportation and material moving
occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 17 757 125 1,618 5,397
Median family income in the past 12 months (dol.). . . 52,104 39,156 50,089 40,074 65,180
2
POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS
Persons below poverty level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 4,084 992 9,293 17,890
Percent below poverty level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.1 22.0 16.8 21.5 9.3
Families below poverty level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 818 127 1,806 3,216
Percent below poverty level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.3 20.1 13.8 19.3 6.1
HOUSING TENURE
Population 39
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 36. American Indian and Alaska Native Population by Tribe: 2000
[As of April. This table shows data for American Indian and Alaska Native tribes alone or in combination of tribes or races.
Respondents who identified themselves as American Indian or Alaska Native were asked to report their enrolled or principal tribe.
Therefore, data shown here reflect the written tribal entries reported on the questionnaire. Some of the entries (for example,
Iroquois, Sioux, Colorado River, and Flathead) represent nations or reservations. The information on tribe is based on
self-identification and includes federally or state-recognized tribes, as well as bands and clans]
American Indian and Alaska Native tribe Number American Indian and Alaska Native tribe Number
Total persons 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,119,301 Osage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,897
Apache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,833 Ottawa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,677
Blackfeet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,750 Paiute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,532
Cherokee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729,533 Pima. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,493
Cheyenne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,204 Potawatomi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,595
Chickasaw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,351 Pueblo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,085
Chippewa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,669 Puget Sound Salish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,631
Choctaw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158,774 Seminole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,431
Colville . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,393 Shoshone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,026
Comanche . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,376 Sioux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,360
Cree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,734 Tohono O’odham. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,087
Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,310 United Houma Nation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,713
Crow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,394 Ute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,385
Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,341 Yakama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,851
Iroquois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,822 Yaqui . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,412
Kiowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,242 Yuman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,976
Latin American Indian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180,940 Alaskan Athabascan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,838
Lumbee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,868 Aleut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,548
Menominee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,840 Eskimo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,761
Navajo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298,197 Tlingit-Haida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,365
1
Includes other tribes not shown separately.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2000, Census 2000 Brief (C2KBR/01-15),
February 2002.
Table 37. Population Living on Selected Reservations and Trust Lands: 2000
[As of April. OTSA = Oklahoma Tribal Statistical Area; SDAISA = State Designated American Indian Statistical Area; ANRC =
Alaska Native Regional Corporation]
American Indian
American and Alaska Native
Reservation, Trust Land, or Other Area Indian and population alone or
Total Alaska Native in combination with
population population alone one or more races
Navajo Nation Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land,
AZ−NM−UT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180,462 173,987 175,228
Cherokee OTSA, OK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462,327 76,041 104,482
Creek OTSA, OK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704,565 51,296 77,253
Lumbee SDAISA, NC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474,100 58,238 62,327
Choctaw OTSA, OK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224,472 29,521 39,984
Cook Inlet ANRC, AK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364,205 24,923 35,972
Chickasaw OTSA, OK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277,416 22,946 32,372
Calista ANRC, AK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,032 19,617 20,353
United Houma Nation SDAISA, LA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839,880 11,019 15,305
Sealaska ANRC, AK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,507 11,320 15,059
Pine Ridge Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land, SD−NE . . . . 15,521 14,304 14,484
Doyon ANRC, AK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97,190 11,182 14,128
Kiowa-Comanche-Apache-Fort Sill Apache OTSA, OK . . . . . . . . . . . 193,260 9,675 13,045
Fort Apache Reservation, AZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,429 11,702 11,854
Citizen Potawatomi Nation-Absentee Shawnee OTSA, OK. . . . . . . . . 106,624 6,733 10,617
Gila River Reservation, AZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,257 10,353 10,578
Cheyenne-Arapaho OTSA, OK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157,869 7,402 10,310
Tohono O’odham Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land, AZ . . . 10,787 9,718 9,794
Osage Reservation, OK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,437 6,410 9,209
Rosebud Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land, SD . . . . . . . . 10,469 9,040 9,165
San Carlos Reservation, AZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,385 8,921 9,065
Blackfeet Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land, MT . . . . . . . . 10,100 8,507 8,684
Yakama Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land, WA . . . . . . . . . 31,799 7,411 8,193
Turtle Mountain Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land,
MT−ND−SD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,331 8,009 8,043
Flathead Reservation, MT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,172 6,999 7,883
Zuni Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land, NM−AZ . . . . . . . . 7,758 7,426 7,466
Bering Straits ANRC, AK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,196 6,915 7,274
Sac and Fox OTSA, OK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,690 5,334 7,232
Eastern Cherokee Reservation, NC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,092 6,665 6,898
Wind River Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land, WY . . . . . . . 23,250 6,544 6,864
Hopi Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land, AZ. . . . . . . . . . . . 6,946 6,573 6,633
Fort Peck Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land, MT . . . . . . . . 10,321 6,391 6,577
Cheyenne River Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land, SD. . . . 8,470 6,249 6,346
NANA ANRC, AK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,208 5,944 6,181
Standing Rock Reservation, SD−ND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,250 5,964 6,054
Bristol Bay ANRC, AK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,892 5,336 5,749
Arctic Slope ANRC, AK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,385 5,050 5,453
Crow Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land, MT . . . . . . . . . . . 6,894 5,165 5,275
Red Lake Reservation, MN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,162 5,071 5,087
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census of Population and Housing, Profiles of General Demographic Characteristics. See
also <http://factfinder.census.gov/home/aian/index.html>.
40 Population
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 38. Social and Economic Characteristics of the Hispanic Population: 2007
[As of March, except labor force status, annual average (44,854 represents 44,854,000). Excludes members of the Armed Forces
except those living off post or with their families on post. Based on Current Population Survey; see text of this section and Appen-
dix III]
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
HOUSEHOLDS
Total . . . . . . . . . . ....... 12,973 7,818 1,374 607 2,467 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Family households . . . . . ....... 10,152 6,355 981 437 1,905 78.3 81.3 71.4 72.0 77.2
4
Married-couple families ...... 6,762 4,411 513 331 1,194 52.1 56.4 37.3 54.5 48.4
Male householder,
no spouse present . . ....... 945 626 75 27 177 7.3 8.0 5.5 4.4 7.2
Female householder,
no spouse present . . . . . . . . . 2,445 1,318 393 80 534 18.8 16.9 28.6 13.2 21.6
Nonfamily households . . . . . . . . . 2,821 1,464 393 170 561 21.7 18.7 28.6 28.0 22.7
Male householder. . . . . . . . . . . 1,590 888 203 78 311 12.3 11.4 14.8 12.9 12.6
Female householder . . . . . . . . . 1,231 576 190 92 250 9.5 7.4 13.8 15.2 10.1
Size:
One person . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,082 1,046 323 144 387 16.0 13.4 23.5 23.8 15.7
Two people . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,895 1,567 357 203 558 22.3 20.0 26.0 33.5 22.6
Three people . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,521 1,475 282 112 520 19.4 18.9 20.5 18.5 21.1
Four people. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,655 1,684 234 102 526 20.5 21.5 17.1 16.8 21.3
Five people . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,613 1,159 97 18 286 12.4 14.8 7.1 2.9 11.6
Six people. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 752 525 56 22 134 5.8 6.7 4.0 3.6 5.4
Seven people or more. . . . . . . . 455 362 25 6 56 3.5 4.6 1.8 1.0 2.3
FAMILY INCOME IN 2006
Total families 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,155 6,358 981 437 1,861 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than $5,000. . . . . . . . . . . . . 342 197 48 14 67 3.3 3.1 4.9 3.1 3.5
$5,000 to $14,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,036 637 147 31 182 10.2 10.0 15.0 7.1 9.8
$15,000 to $24,999 . . . . . . . . . . . 1,566 1,062 143 31 259 15.4 16.7 14.6 7.1 13.9
$25,000 to $34,999 . . . . . . . . . . . 1,486 979 124 59 257 14.6 15.4 12.7 13.6 13.8
$35,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . . . . . 1,822 1,204 132 85 335 17.9 18.9 13.4 19.5 18.0
$50,000 to $74,999 . . . . . . . . . . . 1,805 1,131 164 70 345 17.8 17.8 16.7 16.0 18.5
$75,000 and over . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,096 1,148 224 147 417 20.6 18.1 22.8 33.6 22.4
Total occupied units . . . . . . . . 12,973 7,818 1,374 607 2,401 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Owner-occupied . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,396 4,026 564 370 957 49.3 51.5 41.1 61.0 39.9
Renter-occupied 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,577 3,792 810 237 1,444 50.7 48.5 58.9 39.0 60.1
NA Not available. X Not applicable. 1 Includes other Hispanic groups not shown separately. 2 Source: U.S. Bureau of
Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, January 2008; <http://stats.bls.gov/opub/ee/home.htm>. 3 Total unemployment as
percent of civilian labor force. 4 In married-couple families, Hispanic origin refers to the householder. 5 Includes families in
group quarters. 6 For explanation of poverty level, see text, Section 13. 7 Includes no cash rent.
Source: Except as noted, U.S. Census Bureau, ‘‘Educational Attainment’’; <http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo
/educ-attn.html>; ‘‘Families and Living Arrangements’’; <http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/hh-fam.html>; ‘‘Detailed
Income Tabulations from the CPS’’; <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/dinctabs.html>; ‘‘Detailed Poverty Tabulations from
the CPS’’; <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/detailedpovtabs.html>, and unpublished data.
Population 41
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 39. Native and Foreign-Born Population by State: 2006
[261,851 represents 261,851,000. The American Community Survey universe includes the household population and the popu-
lation living in institutions, college dormitories, and other group quarters. Based on a sample and subject to sampling variability;
see text of this section and Appendix III. See headnote, Table 43]
Table 40. Nativity and Place of Birth of Resident Population—25 Largest Cities:
2006
[717 represents 717,000. The American Community Survey universe includes the household population and the population living
in institutions, college dormitories, and other group quarters. Based on a sample and subject to sampling variability; see text of this
section and Appendix III. See headnote, Table 43]
42 Population
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 41. Native and Foreign-Born Populations by Selected Characteristics:
2007
[In thousands (296,824 represents 296,824,000). As of March. The foreign-born population includes anyone who is not a U.S.
citizen at birth. This includes legal permanent residents (immigrants), temporary migrants (such as students), humanitarian migrants
(such as refugees), and persons illegally present in the United States. Based on Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Eco-
nomic Supplement which includes the civilian noninstitutional population plus Armed Forces living off post or with their families on
post; see text, this section, and Appendix III]
Foreign-born population
Characteristic Natural- Year of entry:
Total Native ized Not U.S. 2000 to
population population Total citizen citizen March 2007
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296,824 259,545 37,279 14,538 22,741 10,268
Under 5 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,530 20,171 359 97 262 359
5 to 14 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,274 38,417 1,857 254 1,603 1,296
15 to 24 years old. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,702 37,243 4,459 922 3,537 2,127
25 to 34 years old. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,868 31,691 8,176 1,852 6,325 3,277
35 to 44 years old. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,762 34,382 8,380 3,097 5,283 1,776
45 to 54 years old. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,461 37,291 6,170 3,210 2,960 773
55 to 64 years old. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,191 28,339 3,853 2,307 1,546 383
65 to 74 years old. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,998 16,717 2,281 1,550 731 179
75 to 84 years old. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,079 11,765 1,314 939 376 72
85 years old and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,958 3,529 430 312 118 28
Median age (years) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.4 35.7 39.3 48.2 34.5 28.9
Male. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145,689 126,924 18,766 6,693 12,072 5,427
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151,135 132,621 18,514 7,845 10,669 4,841
MARITAL STATUS
Persons 15 years old and over . . . . 236,020 200,956 35,063 14,187 20,876 8,613
Married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,862 103,054 21,807 9,401 12,406 4,862
Widowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,920 12,314 1,606 999 607 156
Divorced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,867 20,769 2,098 1,147 951 228
Separated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,047 4,078 969 361 608 178
Never married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,324 60,741 8,583 2,280 6,304 3,191
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Persons 25 years old and over . . . . 194,318 163,714 30,604 13,265 17,339 6,487
Not high school graduate . . . . . . . . . . . 27,742 17,986 9,756 2,740 7,017 2,209
High school graduate/some college . . . . 110,733 98,435 12,299 5,972 6,327 2,275
Bachelor’s degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,658 31,315 5,343 2,822 2,521 1,261
Advanced degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,184 15,977 3,206 1,732 1,474 741
1
EARNINGS IN 2006
Persons 15 years old and over
with earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107,717 90,019 17,699 7,327 10,371 4,023
Under $15,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,788 5,777 2,011 457 1,554 698
$15,000 to $24,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,916 14,366 4,550 1,308 3,242 1,336
$25,000 to $34,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,057 16,725 3,331 1,322 2,009 740
$35,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,968 19,881 3,088 1,500 1,588 517
$50,000 to $74,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,982 18,587 2,395 1,311 1,084 439
$75,000 and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,006 14,682 2,324 1,428 895 293
Median earnings (dollars) 2 . . . . . . . . . . 38,489 40,346 31,078 40,351 26,218 24,683
3
HOUSEHOLD SIZE
Total households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,011 100,603 15,408 7,210 8,198 2,969
One person . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,132 28,417 2,715 1,474 1,241 463
Two persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,580 34,707 3,873 2,037 1,836 767
Three persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,808 15,965 2,843 1,245 1,598 658
Four persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,172 13,132 3,041 1,293 1,747 620
Five persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,202 5,527 1,675 704 971 272
Six persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,702 1,931 770 286 485 117
Seven persons or more . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,415 924 492 170 321 72
INCOME IN 20063
Total family households . . . . . . . . . 78,425 66,529 11,895 5,513 6,382 2,191
Under $15,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,899 4,827 1,073 373 700 264
$15,000 to $24,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,973 5,522 1,451 497 954 318
$25,000 to $34,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,025 6,507 1,517 593 924 328
$35,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,471 9,484 1,987 794 1,192 390
$50,000 to $74,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,859 13,695 2,163 1,051 1,112 413
$75,000 and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,198 26,494 3,705 2,205 1,500 477
Median income (dollars) 2 . . . . . . . . . . . 59,894 61,565 44,706 60,733 41,650 49,241
4
POVERTY STATUS IN 2006
Persons at or below poverty level. . . . 36,459 30,790 5,669 1,345 4,324 2,149
Persons above poverty level . . . . . . . . . 259,990 228,409 31,581 13,189 18,392 8,097
1
Covers only year-round full-time workers. 2 For definition of median, see Guide to Tabular Presentation. 3 Based on
citizenship of householder. 4 Persons for whom poverty status is determined. Excludes unrelated individuals under 15 years old.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, unpublished data.
Population 43
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 42. Foreign-Born Population—Selected Characteristics by Region of
Origin: 2007
[In thousands (37,279 represents 37,279,000). As of March. The term foreign-born refers to anyone who is not a U.S. citizen
at birth. This includes naturalized U.S. citizens, legal permanent residents (immigrants), temporary migrants (such as foreign stu-
dents), humanitarian migrants (such as refugees), and persons illegally present in the United States. Based on Current Popula-
tion Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplement; see text, this section and Appendix III]
Latin America
Total
Characteristic foreign- Carib- Central South Other
born Europe Asia Total bean America 1 America areas
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,279 4,635 9,746 20,267 3,378 14,383 2,506 2,632
Under 5 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 39 103 191 21 158 12 27
5 to 14 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,857 167 452 1,072 147 814 111 166
15 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,459 434 885 2,809 330 2,133 345 331
25 to 34 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,176 558 2,009 5,120 477 4,132 511 489
35 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,380 801 2,178 4,791 796 3,431 563 611
45 to 54 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,170 730 1,801 3,187 701 2,038 449 452
55 to 64 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,853 712 1,213 1,652 419 954 279 275
65 to 74 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,281 577 640 883 265 464 154 181
75 to 84 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,314 459 365 411 167 178 65 80
85 years old and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430 159 98 151 54 82 16 22
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Persons 25 years old and over. . . . . 30,604 3,995 8,305 16,195 2,879 11,279 2,037 2,109
Less than ninth grade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,100 392 643 4,881 365 4,321 194 184
9th to 12th grade (no diploma) . . . . . . . . 3,656 209 448 2,883 371 2,343 170 116
High school graduate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,577 1,088 1,649 4,334 982 2,730 622 505
Some college or associate’s degree . . . . 4,722 813 1,245 2,177 582 1,141 454 486
Bachelor’s degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,343 862 2,542 1,457 431 595 431 482
Advanced degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,206 630 1,778 462 148 148 166 336
High school graduate or more . . . . . . . . 20,848 3,394 7,214 8,431 2,144 4,615 1,673 1,809
Bachelor’s degree or more . . . . . . . . . . 8,549 1,493 4,319 1,919 579 744 596 818
INCOME IN 2006
Total family households . . . . . . . . . 11,895 1,446 3,152 6,381 1,200 4,429 752 917
Under $15,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,073 69 209 726 163 498 65 69
$15,000 to $24,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,451 126 206 1,043 142 839 63 76
$25,000 to $34,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,517 173 247 1,003 154 763 85 95
$35,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,987 208 355 1,295 234 919 141 129
$50,000 to $74,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,163 274 574 1,143 203 788 151 172
$75,000 and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,705 596 1,561 1,171 303 621 247 376
Median income (dol.) 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,706 61,811 74,297 39,169 41,762 36,249 52,464 60,538
1 2
Includes Mexico. For definition of median, see Guide to Tabular Presentation.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, unpublished data.
44 Population
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 44. Persons Obtaining Legal Permanent Resident Status: 1901 to 2007
[8,795 represents 8,795,000. For fiscal years ending in year shown; see text, Section 8. Rates based on Census Bureau esti-
mates as of July 1 for resident population through 1929 and for resident population, including Armed Forces overseas, thereafter
(excluding Alaska and Hawaii prior to 1959)]
1 1
Period Number (1,000) Rate Year Number (1,000) Rate
1901 to 1910 . . . . . . . 8,795 10.4 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,536 6.1
1911 to 1920 . . . . . . . 5,736 5.7 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . 720 2.7
1921 to 1930 . . . . . . . 4,107 3.5 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . 916 3.4
1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . 798 2.9
1931 to 1940 . . . . . . . 528 0.4 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . 653 2.4
1941 to 1950 . . . . . . . 1,035 0.7 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . 645 2.3
2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 841 3.0
1951 to 1960 . . . . . . . 2,515 1.5 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,059 3.7
1961 to 1970 . . . . . . . 3,322 1.7 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,059 3.7
1971 to 1980 . . . . . . . 4,399 2.0 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . 704 2.4
2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . 958 3.3
1981 to 1990 . . . . . . . 7,256 3.0 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,122 3.8
1991 to 2000 . . . . . . . 9,081 3.4 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,266 4.2
2001 to 2007 . . . . . . . 7,220 3.5 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,052 3.5
1
Annual rate per 1,000 U.S. population. Rate computed by dividing sum of annual immigration totals by sum of annual U.S.
population totals for same number of years.
Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Office of Immigration Statistics, 2007 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics. See
also <http://www.dhs.gov/ximgtn/statistics/publications/yearbook.shtm>.
Population 45
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 47. Persons Obtaining Legal Permanent Resident Status by Class of
Admission: 2000 to 2007
[For years ending September 30]
Family-sponsored preferences . . .. 194,900 45,422 15,261 13,535 15,551 3,177 8,028 1,794 12,430
Employment-based preferences . .. 162,176 11,900 13,886 17,182 28,703 2,641 102 14 (D)
Immediate relatives of U.S.
citizens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494,920 87,466 27,115 41,416 18,205 17,174 13,569 2,737 13,974
Diversity programs. . . . . . . . . . . . 42,127 10 22 4 57 11 − 229 (D)
Refugee and asylee adjustments . . 136,125 396 20,352 372 2,680 10,091 6,261 24,261 1,768
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,167 3,446 19 87 157 93 2,445 69 317
1
− Represents zero. D Data withheld to avoid disclosure. Includes other countries not shown separately.
Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Office of Immigration Statistics, unpublished data.
46 Population
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 49. Persons Obtaining Legal Permanent Resident Status by Country of
Birth: 1981 to 2007
[In thousands (7,256.0 represents 7,256,000). For years ending Sept. 30. Persons by country prior to 1996 are unrevised]
Table 50. Refugees and Asylees Obtaining Legal Permanent Resident Status by
Country of Birth: 1991 to 2007
[For years ending September 30]
Population 47
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 51. Population by Selected Ancestry Group and Region: 2006
[In thousands (299,398 represents 299,398,000). Covers single and multiple ancestries. Ancestry refers to a person’s ethnic ori-
gin or descent, roots, or heritage; or the place of birth of the person, the person’s parents, or ancestors before their arrival in the
United States. The American Community Survey universe includes the household population and the population living in institu-
tions, college dormitories, and other group quarters. Based on a sample and subject to sampling variability; see text this section
and Appendix III. For composition of regions, see map, inside front cover]
Number Number
Language Language
(1,000) (1,000)
Total population 5 years old and over . 279,013 Other Indic languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613
Speak only English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224,154 Other Indo-European languages . . . . . . . . 394
Spanish or Spanish Creole. . . . . . . . . . . . 34,045 Chinese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,493
French (incl. Patois, Cajun) . . . . . . . . . . . 1,396 Japanese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475
French Creole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602 Korean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,061
Italian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 829 Mon-Khmer, Cambodian . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Portuguese or Portuguese Creole . . . . . . . 683 Hmong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
German . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,136 Thai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Yiddish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Laotian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Other West Germanic languages. . . . . . . . 255 Vietnamese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,208
Scandinavian languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Other Asian languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609
Greek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
Russian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 823 Tagalog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,416
Polish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640 Other Pacific Island languages . . . . . . . . . 356
Serbo-Croatian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 Navajo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Other Slavic languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 Other Native North American languages . . . 205
Armenian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Hungarian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Persian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349 Arabic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733
Gujarathi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 Hebrew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Hindi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505 African languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697
Urdu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 Other and unspecified languages . . . . . . . 122
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006 American Community Survey; B16001. Language Spoken at Home by Ability to Speak
English for the Population 5 Years and Over; using American FactFinder®; <http://factfinder.census.gov/>; (accessed: 17 January
2008).
48 Population
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 53. Language Spoken at Home by State: 2006
[279,013 represents 279,013,000. The American Community Survey universe includes the household population and the
population living in institutions, college dormitories, and other group quarters. Based on a sample and subject to sampling
variability; see text this section and Appendix III]
Population 49
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 55. Marital Status of the Population by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin:
1990 to 2007
[In millions, except percent (181.8 represents 181,800,000). As of March. Persons 18 years old and over. Excludes members
of Armed Forces except those living off post or with their families on post. Beginning 2005, population controls based on Census
2000 and an expanded sample of households. Based on Current Population Survey, see text of this section, and Appendix III]
Black, total 3 . . . . . . . . . 20.3 24.0 25.2 26.1 9.1 10.7 11.2 11.7 11.2 13.3 13.9 14.3
Never married . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 9.5 10.2 10.5 3.5 4.3 4.7 4.9 3.6 5.1 5.5 5.6
Married 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 10.1 10.3 10.8 4.5 5.0 5.0 5.3 4.8 5.1 5.2 5.5
Widowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4
Divorced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 2.8 2.9 3.1 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.7 1.8 1.9
Percent of total . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Never married . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.1 39.4 40.6 40.4 38.4 40.2 42.0 41.9 32.5 38.3 39.5 39.1
Married 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.8 42.1 41.0 41.4 49.2 46.7 45.5 45.5 43.0 38.3 37.4 38.1
Widowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 7.0 6.6 6.6 3.7 2.8 2.7 2.9 12.4 10.5 10.0 9.6
Divorced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6 11.5 11.7 11.5 8.8 10.3 9.8 9.7 12.0 12.8 13.3 13.0
Asian, total 3 . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 9.4 10.2 (NA) (NA) 4.5 4.9 (NA) (NA) 4.9 5.4
Never married . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 2.3 2.7 (NA) (NA) 1.3 1.5 (NA) (NA) 1.0 1.2
Married 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 6.2 6.7 (NA) (NA) 2.9 3.2 (NA) (NA) 3.3 3.5
Widowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 0.4 0.4 (NA) (NA) 0.1 0.1 (NA) (NA) 0.3 0.4
Divorced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 0.5 0.4 (NA) (NA) 0.2 0.1 (NA) (NA) 0.3 0.3
Percent of total . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Never married . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 24.8 26.5 (NA) (NA) 29.7 31.0 (NA) (NA) 20.3 22.5
Married 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 65.6 65.5 (NA) (NA) 64.7 65.2 (NA) (NA) 66.5 65.6
Widowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 4.3 4.0 (NA) (NA) 1.3 1.2 (NA) (NA) 6.7 6.6
Divorced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 5.3 4.0 (NA) (NA) 4.1 2.7 (NA) (NA) 6.4 5.2
Hispanic, total 4 . . . . . . . 13.6 21.1 27.5 29.6 6.7 10.4 14.1 15.3 6.8 10.7 13.4 14.3
Never married . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 5.9 8.6 9.3 2.2 3.4 5.2 5.6 1.5 2.5 3.4 3.7
Married 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 12.7 15.6 17.0 4.1 6.2 7.8 8.5 4.3 6.5 7.8 8.4
Widowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.8
Divorced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 1.6 2.2 2.3 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.6 1.0 1.3 1.4
Percent of total . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Never married . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.2 28.0 31.3 31.4 32.1 32.3 36.7 36.7 22.5 23.4 25.6 25.7
Married 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.7 60.2 57.0 57.3 60.9 59.7 55.6 55.7 62.4 60.7 58.7 58.8
Widowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 4.2 3.7 3.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 6.5 6.5 6.1 5.7
Divorced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 7.6 7.9 7.8 5.5 6.4 6.3 6.1 8.5 9.3 9.7 9.7
Non-Hispanic White,
total 3, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 151.9 153.7 (NA) (NA) 73.4 74.4 (NA) (NA) 78.5 79.3
Never married . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 31.8 32.7 (NA) (NA) 17.8 18.4 (NA) (NA) 13.9 14.3
Married 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 93.5 93.8 (NA) (NA) 46.6 46.8 (NA) (NA) 47.0 47.1
Widowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 10.6 10.6 (NA) (NA) 2.1 2.0 (NA) (NA) 8.5 8.5
Divorced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 16.0 16.7 (NA) (NA) 6.8 7.2 (NA) (NA) 9.2 9.4
Percent of total . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Never married . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 20.9 21.3 (NA) (NA) 24.3 24.7 (NA) (NA) 17.7 18.1
Married 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 61.5 61.0 (NA) (NA) 63.5 62.9 (NA) (NA) 59.7 58.9
Widowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 6.9 6.9 (NA) (NA) 2.8 2.7 (NA) (NA) 10.8 10.8
Divorced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 10.6 10.8 (NA) (NA) 9.3 9.7 (NA) (NA) 11.7 11.9
1 2
NA Not available. Includes persons of other races not shown separately. Includes persons who are married with
spouse present, married with spouse absent, and separated. 3 Beginning 2005, data represent persons who selected this race
group only and exclude persons reporting more than one race. The CPS in 1990 and 2000 only allowed respondents to report one
race group. See also comments on race in the text for this section. 4 Hispanic persons may be any race.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P20-537 and earlier reports; and ‘‘Families and Living
Arrangements’’; <http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/hh-fam.html>.
50 Population
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 56. Marital Status of the Population by Sex and Age: 2007
[As of March (107,750 represents 107,750,000). Excludes members of Armed Forces except those living off post or with their fami-
lies on post. Population controls based on Census 2000 and an expanded sample of households. Based on Current Population
Survey, see text, this section, and Appendix III]
Table 57. Living Arrangements of Persons 15 Years Old and Over by Selected
Characteristics: 2007
[In thousands (235,848 represents 235,848,000). As of March. See headnote, Table 56]
75 years
Living arrangement 15 to 19 20 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 to 74 old and
Total years old years old years old years old years old years old years old over
Total 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 235,848 21,152 20,524 39,830 42,749 43,430 32,168 18,978 17,018
Alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,132 135 1,462 3,930 3,726 5,395 5,618 4,354 6,513
With spouse. . . . . . . . . . . 121,352 214 3,011 19,908 27,856 28,527 21,928 12,172 7,734
With other persons . . . . . . 83,364 20,803 16,051 15,992 11,167 9,508 4,622 2,452 2,771
White 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 191,422 16,257 16,034 31,117 34,096 35,551 27,133 16,195 15,039
Alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,280 100 1,121 2,924 2,839 4,263 4,573 3,634 5,825
With spouse. . . . . . . . . . . 103,961 193 2,662 16,837 23,200 24,207 19,117 10,757 6,989
With other persons . . . . . . 62,181 15,964 12,251 11,356 8,057 7,081 3,443 1,804 2,225
Black 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,117 3,310 2,895 5,229 5,306 5,088 3,210 1,833 1,248
Alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,467 24 264 690 671 888 828 576 527
With spouse. . . . . . . . . . . 8,950 13 172 1,412 2,329 2,354 1,503 801 365
With other persons . . . . . . 14,700 3,273 2,459 3,127 2,306 1,846 879 456 356
Asian 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,679 759 921 2,332 2,348 1,888 1,249 649 533
Alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791 2 34 232 119 133 97 75 101
With spouse. . . . . . . . . . . 6,223 1 82 1,195 1,801 1,439 969 435 300
With other persons . . . . . . 3,665 756 805 905 428 316 183 139 132
Hispanic origin 3 . . . . . . 31,874 3,664 3,672 8,105 6,724 4,646 2,637 1,445 983
Alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,082 12 163 363 292 378 362 285 226
With spouse. . . . . . . . . . . 14,764 80 828 4,156 4,123 2,797 1,564 806 411
With other persons . . . . . . 15,028 3,572 2,681 3,586 2,309 1,471 711 354 346
Non-Hispanic White 2, 3 . 161,775 12,875 12,644 23,610 27,840 31,168 24,685 14,852 14,103
Alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,383 88 979 2,610 2,569 3,911 4,242 3,380 5,604
With spouse. . . . . . . . . . . 89,991 117 1,891 12,914 19,314 21,535 17,621 9,999 6,600
With other persons . . . . . . 48,401 12,670 9,774 8,086 5,957 5,722 2,822 1,473 1,899
1 2 3
Includes other races and persons not of Hispanic origin not shown separately. See footnote 3, Table 55. Persons
of Hispanic origin may be any race.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ‘‘America’s Families and Living Arrangements: 2007, Table A2. Family Status and Household
Relationship of Persons 15 Years and Over, by Marital Status, Age, and Sex: 2007; published July 2008;
<http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/hh-fam/cps2007.html> and unpublished data.
Population 51
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 58. Households, Families, Subfamilies, and Married Couples:
1980 to 2007
[In thousands, except as indicated (80,776 represents 80,776,000). As of March. Excludes members of Armed Forces except
those living off post or with their families on post. Beginning 2005, population controls based on Census 2000 and an expanded
sample of households. Based on Current Population Survey, see text of this section, and Appendix III. Minus sign (−) indicates decrease]
Percent change
Type of unit 1980− 1990− 2000−
1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 1990 2000 2007
Households . . . ........ . . . . 80,776 93,347 98,990 104,705 113,343 114,384 116,011 16 12 11
Persons per household . . . . . 2.76 2.63 2.65 2.62 2.57 2.57 2.56 (X) (X) (X)
White 1 . . . . . ........ . . . . 70,766 80,163 83,737 87,671 92,880 93,588 94,705 13 9 8
Black 1 . . . . . ........ . . . . 8,586 10,486 11,655 12,849 13,809 14,002 14,354 22 23 12
Hispanic 2 . . . ........ . . . . 3,684 5,933 7,735 9,319 12,178 12,519 12,973 61 57 39
Family households . . . . . . . . . 59,550 66,090 69,305 72,025 76,858 77,402 78,425 11 9 9
Married couple . . . . . . . . . . 49,112 52,317 53,858 55,311 57,975 58,179 58,945 7 6 7
Male householder 3 . . . . . . . 1,733 2,884 3,226 4,028 4,901 5,130 5,063 66 40 26
Female householder 3 . . . . . 8,705 10,890 12,220 12,687 13,981 14,093 14,416 25 17 14
Nonfamily households . . . . . . . 21,226 27,257 29,686 32,680 36,485 36,982 37,587 28 20 15
Male householder . . . . . . . . 8,807 11,606 13,190 14,641 16,543 16,753 17,338 32 26 18
Female householder . . . . . . 12,419 15,651 16,496 18,039 19,942 20,230 20,249 26 15 12
One person . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,296 22,999 24,732 26,724 30,137 30,453 31,132 26 16 17
Families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,550 66,090 69,305 72,025 76,858 77,402 78,425 11 9 9
Persons per family . . . . . . . . 3.29 3.17 3.19 3.17 3.13 3.13 3.13 (X) (X) (X)
4
With own children . . . . . . . . . 31,022 32,289 34,296 34,605 36,211 36,466 36,757 4 7 6
Without own children 4 . . . . . . . 28,528 33,801 35,009 37,420 40,647 40,936 41,668 18 11 11
Married couple . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,112 52,317 53,858 55,311 57,975 58,179 58,945 7 6 7
With own children 4 . . . . . . . 24,961 24,537 25,241 25,248 25,919 25,982 26,158 −2 3 4
Without own children 4 . . . . . 24,151 27,780 28,617 30,062 32,056 32,197 32,787 15 8 9
Male householder 3 . . . . . . . . . 1,733 2,884 3,226 4,028 4,901 5,130 5,063 66 40 26
With own children 4 . . . . . . . 616 1,153 1,440 1,786 2,021 2,095 2,015 87 55 13
Without own children 4 . . . . . 1,117 1,731 1,786 2,242 2,880 3,035 3,049 55 30 36
Female householder 3 . . . . . . . 8,705 10,890 12,220 12,687 13,981 14,093 14,416 25 17 14
With own children 4 . . . . . . . 5,445 6,599 7,615 7,571 8,270 8,389 8,585 21 15 13
Without own children 4 . . . . . 3,261 4,290 4,606 5,116 5,711 5,703 5,832 32 19 14
Unrelated subfamilies . . . . . . . . . 360 534 674 571 515 504 567 48 7 −1
Married couple . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 68 64 37 62 36 89 (B) (B) (B)
Male reference persons 3 . . . . . 36 45 59 57 61 59 52 (B) (B) (B)
Female reference persons 3 . . . 304 421 550 477 392 409 429 39 13 −10
Related subfamilies . . . . . . . . . . 1,150 2,403 2,878 2,984 3,427 3,265 3,829 109 24 28
Married couple . . . . . . . . . . . . 582 871 1,015 1,149 1,336 1,312 1,645 50 32 43
Father-child 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 153 195 201 387 347 331 (B) 31 65
Mother-child 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . 512 1,378 1,668 1,634 1,704 1,606 1,852 169 19 13
Married couples . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,714 53,256 54,937 56,497 59,373 59,528 60,676 7 6 7
With own household . . . . . . . . 49,112 52,317 53,858 55,311 57,975 58,179 58,945 7 6 7
Without own household . . . . . . 602 939 1,079 1,186 1,398 1,348 1,731 56 26 46
Percent without . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.9 (X) (X) (X)
B Not shown; base less than 75,000. X Not applicable. 1 Beginning with the 2003 Current Population Survey (CPS),
respondents could choose more than one race. Beginning 2005, data shown represent persons who selected this race group only
and exclude persons reporting more than one race. The CPS prior to 2003 only allowed respondents to report one race group. See
2 3
also comments on race in the text for this section. Persons of Hispanic origin may be any race. No spouse present.
4
Under 18 years old.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ‘‘Families and Living Arrangements’’; <http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo
/hh-fam.html>.
52 Population
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 60. Households and Persons Per Household by Type of Household:
1990 to 2007
[As of March (93,347 represents 93,347,000). See headnote, Table 58]
Households
Persons per
Type of household Number Percent household
(1,000) distribution
1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007 1990 2000 2007
Total households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,347 104,705 116,011 100 100 100 2.63 2.62 2.56
Family households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,090 72,025 78,425 71 69 68 3.22 3.24 3.19
Married couple family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,317 55,311 58,945 56 53 51 3.25 3.26 3.20
Male householder, no spouse present . . . . 2,884 4,028 5,063 3 4 4 3.04 3.16 3.12
Female householder, no spouse present. . . 10,890 12,687 14,416 12 12 12 3.10 3.17 3.15
2007
Age of householder and Non-
size of household His- Hispanic
1 2 2 2
1990 2000 2005 Total White Black Asian panic 3 White 3
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.3 104.7 113.3 116.0 94.7 14.4 4.5 13.0 82.7
Age of householder:
15 to 24 years old . . . . . 5.1 5.9 6.7 6.7 5.1 1.1 0.2 1.1 4.1
25 to 29 years old . . . . . 9.4 8.5 9.2 9.7 7.6 1.4 0.5 1.7 6.0
30 to 34 years old . . . . . 11.0 10.1 10.1 9.8 7.5 1.4 0.6 1.8 5.9
35 to 44 years old . . . . . 20.6 24.0 23.2 22.8 18.0 3.1 1.1 3.2 15.0
45 to 54 years old . . . . . 14.5 20.9 23.4 24.1 19.6 3.1 0.9 2.3 17.5
55 to 64 years old . . . . . 12.5 13.6 17.5 19.3 16.2 2.1 0.6 1.5 14.8
65 to 74 years old . . . . . 11.7 11.3 11.5 11.9 10.1 1.3 0.3 0.8 9.4
75 years old and over . . . 8.4 10.4 11.6 11.8 10.5 0.9 0.3 0.5 10.0
One person . . . . . . . . . . . 23.0 26.7 30.1 31.1 25.3 4.5 0.8 2.1 23.4
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 11.2 12.8 13.5 11.0 1.9 0.4 1.1 10.0
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.0 15.5 17.3 17.6 14.3 2.6 0.4 1.0 13.4
Two persons . . . . . . . . . . . 30.1 34.7 37.4 38.6 32.5 4.0 1.3 2.9 29.9
Three persons. . . . . . . . . . 16.1 17.2 18.3 18.8 14.9 2.6 0.9 2.5 12.6
Four persons . . . . . . . . . . 14.5 15.3 16.4 16.2 13.1 1.8 0.9 2.7 10.6
Five persons . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 7.0 7.2 7.2 5.8 1.0 0.3 1.6 4.3
Six persons . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.1 0.4 0.1 1.0 1.4
Seven persons or more. . . . 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.0 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.6
1
Includes other races, not shown separately. 2 Beginning with the 2003 Current Population Survey (CPS), respondents
could choose more than one race. 2007 data represent persons who selected this race group only and exclude persons reporting
more than one race. The CPS prior to 2003 only allowed respondents to report one race group. See also comments on race in the
text for this section. 3 Hispanic persons may be any race.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P20-537 and earlier reports; ‘‘America’s Families and Living
Arrangements: 2007’’; published July 2008; <http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/hh-fam/cps2007.html> and unpub-
lished data.
Item Number
Total households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,617,402
Unmarried-partner households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,017,462
Male householder and male partner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417,044
Male householder and female partner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,705,513
Female householder and female partner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362,823
Female householder and male partner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,532,082
All other households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105,599,940
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006 American Community Survey; B11009. Unmarried-Partner Households and Household
Type by Sex of Partner; using American FactFinder®; <http://factfinder.census.gov/>; (accessed: 22 January 2008).
Population 53
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 63. Families by Number of Own Children Under 18 Years Old:
2000 to 2007
[As of March (72,025 represents 72,025,000). Based on Current Population Survey; see headnote, Table 66]
WHITE FAMILIES 3
2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,251 32,144 11,496 10,918 5,693 100 53 19 18 9
2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,079 34,255 11,872 11,127 5,825 100 54 19 18 9
2007, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,091 34,993 12,231 11,115 5,752 100 55 19 17 9
Married couple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,729 28,741 8,419 8,866 4,704 100 57 17 17 9
Male householder 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,806 2,236 977 434 159 100 59 26 11 4
Female householder 2 . . . . . . . . . . 9,556 4,017 2,835 1,815 890 100 42 30 19 9
BLACK FAMILIES 3
2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,664 3,882 2,101 1,624 1,058 100 45 24 19 12
2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,902 4,077 2,059 1,641 1,125 100 46 23 18 13
2007, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,272 4,215 2,282 1,686 1,089 100 45 25 18 12
Married couple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,358 2,225 868 784 480 100 51 20 18 11
Male householder 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 864 535 200 89 40 100 62 23 10 5
Female householder 2 . . . . . . . . . . 4,050 1,454 1,214 813 568 100 36 30 20 14
3
ASIAN FAMILIES
2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,142 1,535 730 646 230 100 49 23 21 7
2007, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,346 1,676 722 721 226 100 50 22 22 7
Married couple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,754 1,277 618 655 204 100 46 22 24 7
Male householder 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 181 23 14 5 100 81 10 6 2
Female householder 2 . . . . . . . . . . 369 218 81 53 17 100 59 22 14 5
HISPANIC FAMILIES 4
2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,561 2,747 1,791 1,693 1,330 100 36 24 22 18
2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,521 3,528 2,130 2,163 1,699 100 37 22 23 18
2007, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,152 3,796 2,354 2,401 1,601 100 37 23 24 16
Married couple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,762 2,370 1,451 1,768 1,173 100 35 21 26 17
Male householder 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 945 627 172 94 51 100 66 18 10 5
Female householder 2 . . . . . . . . . . 2,445 798 731 539 377 100 33 30 22 15
NON-HISPANIC WHITE FAMILIES 3, 4
2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,257 30,965 9,924 9,151 4,217 100 57 18 17 8
2007, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,632 31,418 10,091 8,871 4,252 100 58 18 16 8
Married couple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,327 26,478 7,076 7,188 3,584 100 60 16 16 8
Male householder 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,921 1,641 820 345 114 100 56 28 12 4
Female householder 2 . . . . . . . . . . 7,384 3,298 2,195 1,337 553 100 45 30 18 7
1
Includes other races not shown separately. 2 No spouse present. 3 Beginning with the 2003 Current Population Survey
(CPS), respondents could choose more than one race. Beginning 2005, data represent persons who selected this race group only
and exclude persons reporting more than one race. The CPS prior to 2003 only allowed respondents to report one race group. See
also comments on race in the text for this section. 4 Hispanic persons may be any race.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P20-537; and ‘‘Families and Living Arrangements’’; <http://www.census
.gov/population/www/socdemo/hh-fam.html>.
Table 64. Family Households With Own Children Under Age 18 by Type of
Family, 1990 to 2007, and by Age of Householder, 2007
[As of March (32,289 represents 32,289,000). See headnote, Table 66]
2007
15 to 25 to 35 to 45 to 55 to 65
Family type 24 34 44 54 64 years
years years years years years old and
1990 2000 Total old old old old old over
NUMBER (1,000)
Family households with children . . . . . . 32,289 34,605 36,757 1,902 10,346 14,756 8,277 1,274 203
Married couple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,537 25,248 26,158 810 6,888 10,970 6,370 991 129
Male householder, no spouse present . . . . . 1,153 1,786 2,015 169 581 709 447 86 23
Female householder, no spouse present . . . . 6,599 7,571 8,585 923 2,877 3,077 1,460 197 52
PERCENT OF ALL FAMILY HOUSEHOLDS
Family households with children, total. . 49 48 47 54 76 82 46 10 2
Married couple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 46 44 60 73 82 46 9 1
Male householder, no spouse present . . . . . 40 44 40 20 51 69 42 16 5
Female householder, no spouse present . . . . 61 60 60 69 92 84 50 13 3
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P20-537 and earlier reports; and ‘‘America’s Families and Living
Arrangements: 2007’’; published July 2008; <http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/hh-fam/cps2007.html>.
54 Population
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 65. Families by Type, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 2007
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
[In thousands (78,425 represents 78,425,000). As of March. Excludes members of Armed Forces except those living off post or with their families on post. Population controls based on Census 2000 and an expanded
sample of households. Based on Current Population Survey, see text of this section and Appendix III]
4 Male
Married couple families Female family householder
family
Characteristic Non- Non- house-
Hispanic Hispanic holder, 4
1 2 2 2 3
All families All races White Black Asian Hispanic White 2, 3 All races 1
White 2
Black 2
Asian 2
Hispanic 3
White 2, 3 all races
All families. . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,425 58,945 50,729 4,358 2,754 6,762 44,327 14,416 9,556 4,050 369 2,445 7,384 5,063
Age of householder:
Under 25 years old . . . . . . . . . . . 3,534 1,354 1,210 84 23 333 895 1,329 831 421 33 255 604 852
25 to 34 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,668 9,381 8,000 686 478 1,890 6,221 3,143 1,855 1,091 80 642 1,300 1,144
35 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,053 13,371 11,140 1,099 861 1,932 9,311 3,651 2,436 1,018 76 705 1,802 1,030
45 to 54 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,809 13,813 11,752 1,189 617 1,336 10,486 2,929 2,010 759 81 419 1,636 1,066
55 to 64 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,976 10,910 9,566 715 454 743 8,854 1,530 1,040 391 61 229 845 535
65 to 74 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,283 6,155 5,463 404 185 346 5,137 912 640 225 25 111 536 216
75 years old and over . . . . . . . . . 5,102 3,960 3,599 180 136 183 3,423 922 743 145 13 85 661 220
Without own children under 18 . . . . . 41,668 32,787 28,741 2,225 1,277 2,370 26,478 5,832 4,017 1,454 218 798 3,298 3,049
With own children under 18 . . . . . . . 36,757 26,158 21,989 2,133 1,477 4,392 17,849 8,585 5,540 2,596 151 1,647 4,085 2,015
One own child under 18 . . . . . . . . 15,651 10,127 8,419 868 618 1,451 7,076 4,280 2,835 1,214 81 731 2,195 1,243
Two own children under 18 . . . . . . 13,815 10,497 8,866 784 655 1,768 7,188 2,765 1,815 813 53 539 1,337 553
Three or more own children
under 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 7,292 5,534 4,704 480 204 1,173 3,584 1,540 890 568 17 377 553 218
Average per family with
own children under 18 . . . ..... 1.81 1.87 1.88 1.98 1.71 2.02 1.84 1.71 1.65 1.87 1.71 1.82 1.57 1.48
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 833 (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) 552 346 143 37 156 208 281
Widowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,606 (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) 2,186 1,622 450 55 237 1,400 419
Divorced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,632 (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) 5,032 3,887 879 110 646 3,305 1,600
Never married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,410 (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) 5,006 2,622 2,089 137 971 1,779 2,404
X Not applicable. 1 Includes other races not shown separately. 2 Beginning with the 2003 Current Population Survey (CPS), respondents could choose more than one race. Data represent persons who selected
this race group only and exclude persons reporting more than one race. See also comments on race in the text for this section. 3 Persons of Hispanic origin may be any race. 4 No spouse present.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ‘‘America’s Families and Living Arrangements: 2007’’; published July 2008; <http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/hh-fam/cps2007.html> and unpublished data.
55
Table 66. Family Groups With Children Under 18 Years Old by Race and
Hispanic Origin: 1990 to 2007
[In thousands. As of March (34,670 represents 34,670,000). Family groups comprise family households, related subfamilies, and
unrelated subfamilies. Excludes members of Armed Forces except those living off post or with their families on post. Beginning 2005,
population controls based on Census 2000 and an expanded sample of households. Based on Current Population Survey, see text
of this section and Appendix III]
56 Population
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 68. Children Under 18 Years Old by Presence of Parents: 2000 to 2007
[As of March (72,012 represents 72,012,000). Excludes persons under 18 years old who maintained households or family groups.
Based on Current Population Survey; see headnote, Table 58]
Table 69. Grandparents Living With Grandchildren by Race and Sex: 2006
[6,062 represents 6,062,000. Covers both grandparents living in own home with grandchildren present and grandparents living
in grandchildren’s home. The American Community Survey universe includes the household population and the population living
in institutions, college dormitories, and other group quarters. Based on a sample and subject to sampling variability; see text, this
section and Appendix III]
Population 57
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 70. Nonfamily Households by Sex and Age of Householder: 2007
[In thousands (17,338 represents 17,338,000). As of March. See headnote, Table 64]
Table 71. Persons Living Alone by Sex and Age: 1990 to 2007
[As of March (22,999 represents 22,999,000). Excludes members of Armed Forces except those living off post or with their
families on post. Beginning 2005, population controls based on Census 2000 and an expanded sample of households. Based on
Current Population Survey, see text of this section and Appendix III]
Table 72. Group Quarters Population by Type of Group Quarter and Selected
Characteristics: 2006
[In percent, except as indicated (8,066 represents 8,066,000). The American Community Survey universe includes the
household population and the population living in institutions, college dormitories, and other group quarters. Based on a sample
and subject to sampling variability; see text, this section and Appendix III]
Nurs- Nurs-
ing ing
facili- Col- facili- Col-
Total ties/ lege/ Total ties/ lege/
Characteristic group Adult skilled uni- Characteristic group Adult skilled uni-
quar- correc- nurs- ver- quar- correc- nurs- ver-
ters tional ing sity ters tional ing sity
popu- facili- facili- hous- popu- facili- facili- hous-
lation 1 ties ties ing lation 1 ties ties ing
Total population (1,000) . 8,066 2,050 1,835 2,269 One race (1,000) . . . . . . . . 7,863 1,978 1,822 2,209
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.5 90.4 30.8 46.7 White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.3 46.3 83.9 78.1
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.5 9.6 69.2 53.3 Black or African American . 21.7 41.3 12.8 11.9
American Indian and
Under 15 years old . . . . . . . 1.0 (X) (X) (X) Alaska Native . . . . . . . . 1.2 2.2 0.5 0.6
15 to 17 years old . . . . . . . . 1.9 0.4 (X) 1.6 Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 0.8 1.2 6.5
18 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . 37.6 18.7 0.1 96.3 Native Hawaiian and Other
25 to 34 years old . . . . . . . . 11.9 33.1 0.4 1.7 Pacific Islander . . . . . . . 0.1 0.2 − 0.1
35 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . 10.8 27.9 1.5 0.2 Some other race . . . . . . . 4.7 9.2 1.6 2.7
45 to 54 years old . . . . . . . . 8.4 14.9 3.9 0.1 Two or more races (1,000) . . 202 72 13 60
55 to 64 years old . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.1 7.7 0.1
65 to 74 years old . . . . . . . . 4.1 0.8 12.5 − Hispanic or Latino 2 . . . . . . . 10.3 18.8 3.8 6.2
75 to 84 years old . . . . . . . . 8.3 0.1 31.1 (X) Not Hispanic or Latino . . . . . 89.7 81.2 96.2 93.8
85 years old and over . . . . . 11.0 − 42.8 (X) White alone, Not Hispanic
or Latino. . . . . . . . . . . . 62.9 36.7 81.2 73.2
1
− Represents zero. X Not available or applicable. Includes other types of group quarters not shown separately.
2
Persons of Hispanic origin may be any race.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006 American Community Survey; S2601A. Characteristics of the Group Quarters Population;
and S2601B. Charcteristics of the Group Quarters Population by Group Quarters Type; using American FactFinder®; <http://factfinder
.census.gov/>; (accessed: 22 January 2008).
58 Population
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 73. Population in Group Quarters by State: 2000 to 2007
[In thousands (7,780 represents 7,780,000). 2000, as of April; beginning 2005, as of July. For definition of group quarters,
see text, this section]
1 1
State 2000 2005 2006 2007 State 2000 2005 2006 2007
U.S. . . . . . . 7,780 8,060 8,125 8,121 MO . . . . . . . . 164 168 168 168
MT . . . . . . . . . 25 26 27 27
AL . . . . . . . . . 115 118 119 119 NE . . . . . . . . . 51 52 52 53
AK . . . . . . . . . 19 23 22 22 NV . . . . . . . . . 34 33 33 33
AZ . . . . . . . . . 110 110 109 109 NH . . . . . . . . . 36 39 40 40
AR . . . . . . . . . 74 78 80 80 NJ . . . . . . . . . 195 195 196 196
CA . . . . . . . . . 820 845 858 862 NM. . . . . . . . . 36 42 42 43
CO. . . . . . . . . 103 108 109 109 NY . . . . . . . . . 581 603 606 606
CT . . . . . . . . . 108 113 117 117 NC . . . . . . . . . 254 271 274 274
DE . . . . . . . . . 25 25 25 25 ND . . . . . . . . . 24 26 28 28
DC . . . . . . . . . 36 35 35 35
FL . . . . . . . . . 389 411 416 416 OH. . . . . . . . . 299 305 305 305
GA . . . . . . . . . 234 260 268 262 OK . . . . . . . . . 112 111 116 116
HI . . . . . . . . . 36 38 37 36 OR. . . . . . . . . 77 82 82 82
ID . . . . . . . . . 31 34 34 34 PA . . . . . . . . . 433 456 466 466
IL. . . . . . . . . . 322 324 323 323 RI . . . . . . . . . 39 38 40 40
IN . . . . . . . . . 178 184 186 186 SC . . . . . . . . . 135 141 144 144
IA . . . . . . . . . 104 104 105 105 SD . . . . . . . . . 28 30 31 31
KS . . . . . . . . . 82 82 82 82 TN . . . . . . . . . 148 152 152 152
KY . . . . . . . . . 115 115 115 115 TX . . . . . . . . . 561 597 595 595
LA . . . . . . . . . 136 133 123 123 UT . . . . . . . . . 40 44 44 45
ME. . . . . . . . . 35 37 38 38
VT . . . . . . . . . 21 21 21 21
MD. . . . . . . . . 134 139 143 143 VA . . . . . . . . . 231 241 246 244
MA. . . . . . . . . 221 216 216 216 WA . . . . . . . . 136 142 140 139
MI . . . . . . . . . 250 257 259 259 WV . . . . . . . . 43 46 46 46
MN. . . . . . . . . 136 142 143 143 WI . . . . . . . . . 156 160 160 160
MS. . . . . . . . . 95 96 95 95 WY . . . . . . . . 14 14 14 14
1
The April 1, 2000, Population Estimates base reflects changes to the Census 2000 population from the Count Question
Resolution program and geographic program revisions.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ‘‘Annual Population Estimates, Estimated Components of Population Change, and Rates of the
Components of Population Change for Counties: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2007’’; Release date: March 20, 2008;
<http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/files/CO-EST2007-alldata.csv>.
Percent of
Religious denomination/belief
adult population
Total 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0
Protestant 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.3
Baptist 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.2
Southern Baptist Convention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7
National Baptist Convention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8
American Baptist Churches in the USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2
Methodist 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2
United Methodist Church . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1
Lutheran 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0
Lutheran Church, Missouri Synod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4
Nondenominational . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5
Pentecostal 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4
Assemblies of God . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4
Church of God in Christ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6
Presbyterian 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7
Presbyterian Church USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1
Restorationist 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1
Church of Christ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5
Anglican/Episcopal 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5
Episcopal Church in the USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0
Congregationalist 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8
United Church of Christ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5
Adventist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5
Catholic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.9
Mormon 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6
Jehovah’s Witness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7
Orthodox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6
Jewish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7
Buddhist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7
Muslim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6
Hindu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4
Unitarians and other liberal faiths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7
New Age 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4
Unaffiliated 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.1
Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8
1 2
Includes other denominations/beliefs not shown separately. Includes Wica (Wiccan), pagan, and other New Age
groups. 3 Atheist, agnostic, and nothing in particular.
Source: The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life, Washington, DC, ‘‘U.S. Religious Landscape Survey’’; released February
2008; <http://religions.pewforum.org/reports> (copyright).
Population 59
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 75. Religious Bodies—Selected Data
[Membership data: 2,500 represents 2,500,000. Includes the self-reported membership of religious bodies with 750,000 or more
as reported to the Yearbook of American and Canadian Churches. Groups may be excluded if they do not supply information. The
data are not standardized so comparisons between groups are difficult. The definition of ‘‘church member’’ is determined by the
religious body]
Table 76. Christian Church Adherents, 2000, and Jewish Population, 2007—
States
[133,377 represents 133,377,000. Christian church adherents were defined as ‘‘all members, including full members, their children
and the estimated number of other regular participants who are not considered as communicant, confirmed, or full members.’’ The
Jewish population includes Jews who define themselves as Jewish by religion as well as those who define themselves as Jewish
in cultural terms. Data on Jewish population are based primarily on a compilation of individual estimates made by local Jewish
federations. Additionally, most large communities have completed Jewish demographic surveys from which the Jewish population
can be determined]
60 Population
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Section 2
Births, Deaths, Marriages, and Divorces
This section presents vital statistics data 1933, the birth- and death-registration
on births, deaths, abortions, fetal deaths, areas have comprised the entire United
fertility, life expectancy, marriages, and States, including Alaska (beginning 1959)
divorces. Vital statistics are compiled for and Hawaii (beginning 1960). National
the country as a whole by the National statistics on fetal deaths were first com-
Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and piled for 1918 and annually since 1922.
published in its annual report, Vital Statis- Prior to 1951, birth statistics came from a
tics of the United States, in certain reports complete count of records received in the
of the Vital and Health Statistics series,
Public Health Service (now received in
and in the National Vital Statistics
NCHS). From 1951 through 1971, they
Reports. Reports in this field are also
were based on a 50-percent sample of all
issued by the various state bureaus of
vital statistics. Data on fertility and registered births (except for a complete
selected characteristics of women who count in 1955 and a 20- to 50-percent
had a child in the last year, and on marital sample in 1967). Beginning in 1972, they
status and marital history are compiled by have been based on a complete count for
the U.S. Census Bureau from its Current states participating in the Vital Statistics
Population Survey (CPS; see text, Section Cooperative Program (VSCP) (for details,
1) and published in Current Population see the technical appendix in Vital Statis-
Reports, P20 Series. Data on abortions are tics of the United States) and on a 50-
published by the Alan Guttmacher Insti- percent sample of all other areas. Begin-
tute, New York, NY, in selected issues of ning in 1986, all reporting areas partici-
Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive pated in the VSCP. Mortality data have
Health online at <www.guttmacher.org been based on a complete count of
/sections/abortion.php>. records for each area (except for a
Registration of vital events—The reg- 50-percent sample in 1972). Beginning in
istration of births, deaths, fetal deaths, 1970, births to and deaths of nonresident
and other vital events in the United States aliens of the United States and U.S. citi-
is primarily a state and local function. zens outside the United States have been
There are 57 vital registration jurisdic- excluded from the data. Fetal deaths and
tions in the U.S.: the fifty states, five terri- deaths among Armed Forces abroad are
tories (Puerto Rico, etc.) District of Colum- excluded. Data based on samples are sub-
bia, and New York City. Each of the 57 ject to sampling error; for details, see
jurisdictions has a direct statistical report- annual issues of Vital Statistics of the
ing relationship with NCHS. Vital events
United States.
occurring to U.S. residents outside the
United States are not included in the data. Mortality statistics by cause of death are
compiled in accordance with World Health
Births and deaths—The live-birth,
Organization regulations according to the
death, and fetal-death statistics prepared
International Classification of Diseases
by NCHS are based on vital records filed
in the registration offices of all states, (ICD). The ICD is revised approximately
New York City, and the District of Colum- every 10 years. The tenth revision of the
bia. The annual collection of death statis- ICD was employed beginning in 1999.
tics on a national basis began in 1900 Deaths for prior years were classified
with a national death-registration area of according to the revision of the ICD in use
ten states and the District of Columbia; a at the time. Each revision of the ICD intro-
similar annual collection of birth statistics duces a number of discontinuities in mor-
for a national birth-registration area tality statistics; for a discussion of those
began in 1915, also with ten reporting between the ninth and tenth revisions of
states and the District of Columbia. Since the ICD, see National Vital Statistics
Table 78. Live Births, Birth Rates, and Fertility Rates by Hispanic-Origin Status:
1990 to 2006
[4,093 represents 4,093,000. Represents registered births. Excludes births to nonresidents of the United States. Data are based
on Hispanic origin and race of mother. Persons of Hispanic origin may be any race. See Appendix III]
Birth rate 2
Hispanic-origin status Number of births (1,000) per 1,000 population Fertility rate
and race of mother
2006, 2006, 2006,
1 1 1
1990 2000 2005 prel. 1990 2000 2005 prel. 1990 2000 2005 prel.
Total 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,093 4,059 4,138 4,266 16.7 14.4 14.0 14.2 71.0 65.9 66.7 68.5
Hispanic origin . . . . . . . . . . . 595 816 986 1,039 26.7 23.1 23.1 23.4 107.7 95.9 99.4 101.5
Mexican . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386 582 693 (NA) 28.7 25.0 24.7 (NA) 118.9 105.1 107.7 (NA)
Puerto Rican . . . . . . . . . . 59 58 63 (NA) 21.6 18.1 17.2 (NA) 82.9 73.5 72.1 (NA)
Cuban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 13 16 (NA) 10.9 9.7 10.2 (NA) 52.6 49.3 50.4 (NA)
Central and
South American 4 . ..... 83 113 151 (NA) 27.5 21.8 22.8 (NA) 102.7 85.1 93.2 (NA)
Other and unknown
Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 49 62 (NA) (4) (4) (4) (NA) (4) (4) (4) (NA)
Non-Hispanic 5 . . . . . . . . . . 3,457 3,200 3,123 (NA) 15.7 13.2 12.4 (NA) 67.1 61.1 60.4 (NA)
White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,627 2,363 2,280 2,310 14.4 12.2 11.5 11.6 62.8 58.5 58.3 59.5
Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662 604 584 617 23.0 17.3 15.7 16.5 89.0 71.4 67.2 70.6
NA Not available. 1 Excludes data for New Hampshire and Oklahoma, which did not report Hispanic origin. 2 Live births
per 1,000 women age 15 to 44 years in specified group. 3 Includes all races and Hispanic-origin status not stated. 4 Rates
5
for the Central and South American population include other and unknown Hispanic. Includes other races not shown
separately.
Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics Reports (NVSR), Births: Final Data for 2005,
Volume 56, Number 6, December 5, 2007 and Births: Preliminary Data for 2006, Volume 56, Number 7, December 5, 2007.
2006,
Item 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 prel.
1
Live births . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,612 3,761 4,158 3,900 4,059 4,026 4,022 4,090 4,112 4,138 4,266
White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,936 3,038 3,290 3,099 3,194 3,178 3,175 3,226 3,223 3,229 (NA)
Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568 582 684 603 623 606 594 600 616 633 (NA)
American Indian, Eskimo, Aleut. . . . . . . . . 29 34 39 37 42 42 42 43 44 45 47
Asian or Pacific Islander . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 105 142 160 201 200 211 221 229 231 240
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,853 1,928 2,129 1,996 2,077 2,058 2,058 2,094 2,105 (NA) (NA)
Female. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,760 1,833 2,029 1,903 1,982 1,968 1,964 1,996 2,007 (NA) (NA)
Males per 100 females. . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 (NA) (NA)
Age of mother:
Under 20 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562 478 533 512 478 454 433 421 422 421 442
20 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,226 1,141 1,094 966 1,018 1,022 1,022 1,032 1,034 1,040 1,081
25 to 29 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,108 1,201 1,277 1,064 1,088 1,058 1,060 1,086 1,104 1,132 1,182
30 to 34 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550 696 886 905 929 943 951 976 966 951 950
35 to 39 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 214 318 384 452 452 454 468 476 483 499
40 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 90 93 96 101 104 105 105
45 to 49 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 4 5 5 6 6 6 7
Mean age of mother at first birth (years) . 22.7 23.7 24.2 24.5 24.9 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.2 25.2 (NA)
Birth rate per 1,000 population . . . . 15.9 15.8 16.7 14.6 14.4 14.1 13.9 14.1 14.0 14.0 14.2
White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.1 15.0 15.8 14.1 13.9 13.7 13.5 13.6 13.5 13.4 (NA)
Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3 20.4 22.4 17.8 17.0 16.3 15.7 15.7 16.0 16.2 (NA)
American Indian, Eskimo, Aleut. . . . . . . . . 20.7 19.8 18.9 15.3 14.0 13.7 13.8 13.8 14.0 14.2 14.8
Asian or Pacific Islander . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.9 18.7 19.0 16.7 17.1 16.4 16.5 16.8 16.8 16.5 16.5
Age of mother:
10 to 14 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.3 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6
15 to 19 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.0 51.0 59.9 56.0 47.7 45.3 43.0 41.6 41.1 40.4 41.9
20 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.1 108.3 116.5 107.5 109.7 106.2 103.6 102.6 101.7 102.2 105.9
25 to 29 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.9 111.0 120.2 108.8 113.5 113.4 113.6 115.6 115.5 115.5 116.8
30 to 34 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.9 69.1 80.8 81.1 91.2 91.9 91.5 95.1 95.3 95.8 97.7
35 to 39 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.8 24.0 31.7 34.0 39.7 40.6 41.4 43.8 45.4 46.3 47.3
40 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.0 5.5 6.6 8.0 8.1 8.3 8.7 8.9 9.1 9.4
45 to 49 years old 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6
Fertility rate per 1,000 women 3 . . . . 68.4 66.2 70.9 64.6 65.9 65.3 64.8 66.1 66.3 66.7 68.5
White 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.6 64.1 68.3 63.6 65.3 65.0 64.8 66.1 66.1 66.3 (NA)
Black 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.9 78.8 84.8 71.0 70.0 67.6 65.8 66.3 67.6 69.0 (NA)
American Indian, Eskimo, Aleut 3 . . . . . . . 82.7 78.6 76.2 63.0 58.7 58.1 58.0 58.4 58.9 59.9 62.8
Asian or Pacific Islander 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.2 68.4 69.6 62.6 65.8 64.2 64.1 66.3 67.1 66.6 67.2
NA Not available. 1 Includes other races not shown separately. 2 Beginning 2000, rates computed by relating births to
women aged 45 to 54 years old to women 45 to 49 years old. 3 Number of live births per 1,000 women, 15 to 44 years old in
specified group.
Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics Reports (NVSR), Births: Final Data for 2005, Vol.
56, No. 6, December 5, 2007; and Births: Preliminary Data for 2006, Vol. 56, No. 7, December 5, 2007; and earlier reports.
Table 80. Births and Birth Rates by Plurality of Birth and Race and Hispanic-
Origin Status of Mother: 1990 to 2005
[Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. See headnote, Table 78. See Appendix III]
1
Birth order 1990 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005
2
All births, total number . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,158,212 4,058,814 4,021,726 4,089,950 4,112,052 4,138,349
Twin births . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,865 118,916 125,134 128,665 132,219 133,122
Triplet and higher order multiple births . . . . . . . . 3,028 7,325 7,401 7,663 7,275 6,694
Multiple birth rate 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.3 31.1 33.0 33.3 33.9 33.8
Twin birth rate 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.6 29.3 31.1 31.5 32.2 32.2
5
Triplet and higher order multiple birth rate . . . . . 72.8 180.5 184.0 187.4 176.9 161.8
Non-Hispanic White births, total number . . . 2,626,500 2,362,968 2,298,156 2,321,904 2,296,683 2,279,768
Twin births . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,210 76,018 79,949 81,691 83,346 82,223
Triplet and higher order multiple births . . . . . . . . 2,358 5,821 5,754 5,922 5,590 4,966
Multiple birth rate 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.8 34.6 37.3 37.7 38.7 38.2
Twin birth rate 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.9 32.2 34.8 35.2 36.3 36.1
Non-Hispanic Black births, total number . . . 661,701 604,346 578,335 576,033 578,772 583,759
Twin births . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,646 20,173 20,064 20,010 20,605 21,254
Triplet and higher order multiple births . . . . . . . . 306 506 591 631 577 616
Multiple birth rate 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.1 34.2 35.7 35.8 36.6 37.5
Twin birth rate 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.7 33.4 34.7 34.7 35.6 36.4
Hispanic births, total number . . . . . . . . . . . 595,073 815,868 876,642 912,329 946,349 985,505
Twin births . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,713 16,470 18,128 19,472 20,351 21,723
Triplet and higher order multiple births . . . . . . . . 235 659 737 784 723 761
Multiple birth rate 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.4 21.0 21.5 22.2 22.3 22.8
Twin birth rate 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.0 20.2 20.7 21.3 21.5 22.0
1
Data by Hispanic-origin status exclude data for New Hampshire and Oklahoma, which did not report Hispanic origin.
2
Includes other races not shown separately. 3 Number of live births in all multiple deliveries per 1,000 live births. 4 Number
of live births in twin deliveries per 1,000 live births. 5 Number of live births in triplet and other higher-order deliveries per 100,000
live births.
Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics Reports (NVSR), Births: Final Data for 2005, annual,
Vol. 56, Number 6, December 5, 2007.
American
State and island area Asian or Indian,
Non-Hispanic Pacific Eskimo, Birth Fertility
1 2
All races White Islander Aleut Hispanic rate 3 rate 4
United States . . . . . . 4,265,996 2,309,833 239,829 47,494 1,039,051 14.2 68.5
Table 83. Teenagers—Births and Birth Rates by Age, Race, and Hispanic Origin:
1990 to 2006
[Birth rates per 1,000 women in specified group, see text, this section. Based on race and Hispanic origin of mother]
2
All races, total . . . . . . . 521,826 499,873 468,990 414,593 435,427 59.9 56.0 47.7 40.5 41.9
15 to 17 years old . . . . . . . 183,327 192,508 157,209 133,191 138,920 37.5 35.5 26.9 21.4 22.0
18 and 19 years old . . . . . . 338,499 307,365 311,781 281,402 296,507 88.6 87.7 78.1 69.9 73.0
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 354,482 349,635 333,013 295,265 (NA) 50.8 49.5 43.2 37.0 (NA)
Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 151,613 133,694 118,954 103,905 (NA) 112.8 94.4 77.4 61.9 (NA)
American Indian, Eskimo,
Aleut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 7,764 8,055 7,807 8,222 81.1 72.9 58.3 52.7 54.7
Asian or Pacific Islander . . . (NA) 8,780 8,968 7,616 7,672 26.4 25.5 20.5 17.0 16.7
Hispanic 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 118,449 129,469 136,906 145,651 100.3 99.3 87.3 81.7 83.0
Non-Hispanic White . . . . . . (NA) 230,024 204,056 165,005 169,837 42.5 39.3 32.6 25.9 26.6
Non-Hispanic Black . . . . . . (NA) 130,907 116,019 96,813 103,692 116.2 97.2 79.2 60.9 63.7
NA Not available. 1 Preliminary data. 2
Includes races other than White and Black not shown separately. 3
Persons of
Hispanic origin may be any race.
Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics Reports (NVSR), Births: Final Data for 2005,
Volume 56, Number 6, December 5, 2007, and Births: Preliminary Data for 2006, annual,Volume 56, Number 7, December 5, 2007.
Table 84. Births to Unmarried Women by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age of
Mother: 1990 to 2005
[1,165 represents 1,165,000. Excludes births to nonresidents of United States. Persons of Hispanic origin may be any race.
Marital status is inferred from a comparison of the child’s and parents’ surnames on the birth certificate for those states that do not
report on marital status. No estimates included for misstatements on birth records or failures to register births. Based on race and
Hispanic origin of mother. See also Appendix III]
1
Race and Number (1,000) Percent distribution Birth rate
age of mother 1990 1995 2000 2004 2005 1990 1995 2000 2005 1990 1995 2000 2005
Total live births 2 . . . . 1,165 1,254 1,347 1,470 1,527 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 43.8 44.3 44.1 47.5
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 670 785 866 983 1,023 57.5 62.6 64.3 67.0 32.9 37.0 38.2 43.0
Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 455 421 427 424 439 39.1 33.6 31.7 28.7 90.5 74.5 70.5 67.8
American Indian,
Eskimo, Aleut . . . . . . .. (NA) (NA) (NA) 27 28 (NA) (NA) (NA) 1.9 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
Asian or Pacific Islander .. (NA) (NA) (NA) 35 37 (NA) (NA) (NA) 2.4 (NA) (NA) 20.9 24.9
3 3 3
Hispanic. . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 278 348 440 473 18.8 22.1 25.8 31.0 89.6 88.8 87.3 100.3
3 3 3
Non-Hispanic White . . . . . 443 504 522 563 578 38.0 40.2 38.7 37.8 24.4 28.1 28.0 30.1
Non-Hispanic Black . . . . . (NA) (NA) 415 401 408 (NA) (NA) 30.8 26.7 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
Under 15 years . . . . . . . . 11 11 8 7 7 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.4 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
15 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . 350 376 369 342 345 30.0 30.0 27.4 22.6 42.5 43.8 39.0 34.5
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . 404 432 504 566 585 34.7 34.5 37.4 38.3 65.1 68.7 72.2 74.9
25 to 29 years. . . . . . . . . 230 229 255 308 332 19.7 18.2 18.9 21.7 56.0 54.3 58.5 71.1
30 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . 118 133 130 155 162 10.1 10.6 9.7 10.6 37.6 38.9 39.3 50.0
35 to 39 years. . . . . . . . . 44 60 65 72 76 3.8 4.8 4.8 5.0 17.3 19.3 19.7 24.5
40 years and over . . . . . . 9 13 16 20 21 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.4 3.6 4.7 5.0 6.2
NA Not available. 1 Rate per 1,000 unmarried women (never-married, widowed, and divorced) estimated as of July 1. Total
rate and rates by race/Hispanic origin cover women 15 to 44 years old. Rate for unmarried women 40 years and over relate births
to women 40 years and over to unmarried women 40 to 44 years old. 2 Includes races other than White and Black not shown
separately. 3 Excludes data for New Hampshire and Oklahoma, which did not report Hispanic origin.
Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics Reports (NVSR), Births: Final Data for 2005, annual,
Volume 56, Number 6, December 5, 2007; and earlier reports.
2006,
Race and Hispanic origin 1990 1995 2000 2003 2004 2005 prel.
Percent of births to teenage mothers . . . . . . 12.8 13.1 11.8 10.3 10.3 10.0 10.4
White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . 10.9 11.5 10.6 9.4 9.3 9.2 (NA)
Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . 23.1 23.1 19.7 17.3 17.1 16.8 (NA)
American Indian, Eskimo, Aleut. . . ....... . . . . . 19.5 21.4 19.7 18.2 17.9 17.4 17.3
Asian or Pacific Islander . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . 5.7 5.6 4.5 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2
Hispanic origin 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.8 17.9 16.2 14.3 14.3 13.9 14.0
Mexican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.7 18.8 17.0 15.3 15.3 (NA) (NA)
Puerto Rican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.7 23.5 20.0 17.9 17.6 (NA) (NA)
Cuban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 7.7 7.5 7.9 7.8 (NA) (NA)
Central and South American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 10.6 9.9 8.3 8.4 (NA) (NA)
Percent of births to unmarried women . . . . . 26.6 32.2 33.2 34.6 35.8 36.9 38.5
White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.9 25.3 27.1 29.4 30.5 31.7 (NA)
Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.7 69.9 68.5 68.2 68.8 69.3 (NA)
American Indian, Eskimo, Aleut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.6 57.2 58.4 61.3 62.3 63.5 64.6
Asian or Pacific Islander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2 16.3 14.8 15.0 15.5 16.2 16.3
Hispanic origin 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.7 40.8 42.7 45.0 46.4 48.0 49.9
Mexican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.3 38.1 40.7 43.7 45.2 (NA) (NA)
Puerto Rican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.9 60.0 59.6 59.8 61.0 (NA) (NA)
Cuban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.2 23.8 27.3 31.4 33.2 (NA) (NA)
Central and South American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.2 44.1 44.7 46.0 47.6 (NA) (NA)
Percent of births with low birth weight 2 . . . 7.0 7.3 7.6 7.9 8.1 8.2 8.3
White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 6.2 6.5 6.9 7.1 7.2 (NA)
Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3 13.1 13.0 13.4 13.4 13.6 (NA)
American Indian, Eskimo, Aleut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 6.6 6.8 7.4 7.5 7.4 7.5
Asian or Pacific Islander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 6.9 7.3 7.8 7.9 8.0 8.1
Hispanic origin 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 6.3 6.4 6.7 6.8 6.9 7.0
Mexican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 5.8 6.0 6.3 6.4 6.5 (NA)
Puerto Rican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 9.4 9.3 10.0 9.8 9.9 (NA)
Cuban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 6.5 6.5 7.0 7.7 7.6 (NA)
Central and South American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 6.2 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.8 (NA)
NA Not available. 1 Hispanic persons may be any race. Includes other types not shown separately. 2
Births less than
2,500 grams (5 lb.-8 oz.).
Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics Reports (NVSR), Births: Final Data for 2005,
Volume 56, Number 6, December 5, 2007, and Births: Preliminary Data for 2006, Volume 56, Number 7, December 5, 2007.
2005
Method of delivery Non- Non-
Hispanic Hispanic
1
1990 2000 2004 Total Hispanic White Black
Births, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,111 4,059 4,112 4,138 986 2,280 584
Vaginal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,111 3,108 2,903 2,874 698 1,580 392
After previous caesarean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 90 46 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
Caesarean deliveries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 914 924 1,190 1,249 285 690 189
Primary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575 578 740 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
Repeat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 346 450 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
Not stated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 27 19 16 2 10 2
Caesarean delivery rate 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.7 22.9 29.1 30.3 29.0 30.4 32.6
Primary 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.0 16.1 20.6 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
Rate of vaginal birth after previous caesarean 4 . . . 19.9 20.6 9.2 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
NA Not available. 1 Includes other races not shown separately. 2 Caesarean rates are the number of caesarean deliveries
per 100 total deliveries for specified category. 3 Number of primary caesareans per 100 live births to women who have not had
a previous caesarean. 4 Number of vaginal births after previous caesarean delivery per 100 live births to women with a previous
cesarean delivery.
Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics Reports (NVSR), Births: Final Data for 2005,
Volume 56, Number 6, December 5, 2007; and earlier reports.
Table 88. Infants Who Were Ever Breastfed by Maternal Age and Race-Ethnicity:
1999−2006
[In percent. Covers period from 1999 through 2006. Breastfeeding was defined as ever having been breastfed or received breast
milk. Based on data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES)]
Table 89. Women Who Have Had a Child in the Last Year by Age: 1990 to 2006
[3,913 represents 3,913,000. As of June. See headnote, Table 90]
Educational attainment:
Not a high school graduate . . . . . . . . 13,377 61.4 867 64.8 293 21.9
High school, 4 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,420 33.6 989 64.1 392 25.4
Some college, no degree . . . . . . . . . 12,760 48.2 713 55.9 252 19.7
Associate’s degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,155 33.5 335 65.0 126 24.4
Bachelor’s degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,771 44.2 746 69.3 332 30.8
Graduate or professional degree . . . . 4,199 43.1 324 77.2 156 37.2
Labor force status:
Employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,961 44.5 2,054 51.4 914 22.9
Unemployed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,728 54.0 167 61.2 61 22.4
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,994 45.2 1,754 92.3 576 30.3
Family income:
Under $10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,878 39.4 337 86.9 110 28.4
$10,000 to $19,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,984 41.4 386 77.4 122 24.5
$20,000 to $24,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,903 41.7 223 76.8 81 27.9
$25,000 to $29,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,989 44.7 185 61.9 93 31.1
$30,000 to $34,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,236 42.8 202 62.4 78 24.1
$35,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,571 44.6 484 63.9 216 28.5
$50,000 to $74,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,724 45.0 705 65.7 277 25.8
$75,000 and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,421 47.9 949 61.5 387 25.1
1 2
Includes women of other races and women with family income not reported, not shown separately. Persons of Hispanic
origin may be any race. 3 Includes separated women.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P20-543RV and unpublished data.
Table 91. Women Who Have Had a Child in the Last Year by Age and Labor
Force Status: 1990 to 2006
[3,913 represents 3,913,000. See headnote, Table 90. See Appendix III]
Year In the labor force In the labor force In the labor force
Number Number Number Number Number Number
(1,000) (1,000) Percent (1,000) (1,000) Percent (1,000) (1,000) Percent
1990 . . . . . . . . . . . 3,913 2,068 53 2,568 1,275 50 1,346 793 59
1995 . . . . . . . . . . . 3,696 2,034 55 2,252 1,150 51 1,444 884 61
1998 . . . . . . . . . . . 3,671 2,155 59 2,274 1,275 56 1,397 880 63
2000 . . . . . . . . . . . 3,934 2,170 55 2,432 1,304 54 1,502 866 58
2002 . . . . . . . . . . . 3,766 2,056 55 2,318 1,175 51 1,448 881 61
2004 . . . . . . . . . . . 3,746 2,045 55 2,205 (NA) (NA) 1,542 (NA) 59
2006 . . . . . . . . . . . 3,974 2,221 56 2,399 1,273 53 1,576 948 60
NA Not available.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P20-555; and earlier reports and unpublished data.
Any
Number of opposite-sex partners in lifetime same-
Characteristic sex
Number 15 or Median sexual
(1,000) Any One Two 3 to 6 7 to 14 more number 1 contact 2
Males, 15 to 44 years old 3. . . . 61,147 90.3 12.8 8.1 27.5 19.3 22.6 5.4 6.0
15 to 19 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,208 61.6 23.0 9.2 20.7 6.2 2.5 1.9 4.5
20 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,883 91.1 15.9 11.7 33.5 14.1 15.9 3.8 5.5
25 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,056 97.3 9.6 7.0 27.8 23.7 29.2 6.7 6.5
25 to 29 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,226 95.2 10.0 8.8 29.4 23.2 23.8 5.9 5.7
30 to 34 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,138 97.2 10.7 6.9 28.5 21.9 29.2 6.4 (NA)
35 to 39 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,557 98.2 8.9 7.0 28.0 25.5 28.8 6.9 (NA)
40 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,135 98.2 8.8 5.4 25.6 24.2 34.2 8.2 (NA)
White only, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . 38,738 90.3 13.4 8.3 27.1 19.2 22.3 5.3 (NA)
Black only, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . 6,940 91.8 5.8 5.9 24.1 22.2 33.8 8.3 (NA)
Hispanic or Latino origin . . . . . . . . . 10,188 91.8 13.7 8.6 32.8 18.6 18.1 4.5 (NA)
Currently married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,808 100.0 15.4 8.5 30.5 22.3 23.3 5.2 3.4
Currently cohabiting . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,653 100.0 4.7 6.4 34.1 26.6 28.3 6.6 5.3
Never married, not cohabiting . . . . . . 25,412 76.8 13.9 8.7 24.0 13.8 16.4 4.3 8.6
Formerly married, not cohabiting . . . . 4,274 100.0 0.7 3.6 22.5 24.6 48.6 11.9 7.1
Females, 15 to 44 years old 3 . . 61,561 91.4 22.5 10.8 32.6 16.3 9.2 3.3 11.2
15 to 19 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,834 62.2 27.2 9.0 19.1 5.0 1.9 1.4 10.6
20 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,840 91.1 24.6 13.0 32.2 14.4 6.9 2.8 14.2
25 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,887 98.4 20.9 10.7 36.0 19.4 11.4 3.8 10.7
25 to 29 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,249 97.5 22.5 11.7 31.3 20.1 11.9 3.5 14.1
30 to 34 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,272 98.0 20.5 9.4 38.8 18.0 11.3 3.8 (NA)
35 to 39 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,853 98.9 20.2 11.2 35.8 20.5 11.2 3.9 (NA)
40 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,512 98.6 20.4 10.5 37.4 19.1 11.2 3.8 (NA)
White only, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . 39,498 92.1 21.0 10.6 32.1 18.2 10.2 3.6 (NA)
Black only, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . 8,250 92.4 12.4 8.4 44.8 18.0 8.8 4.1 (NA)
Hispanic or Latino origin . . . . . . . . . 9,107 89.5 34.6 14.9 27.2 8.2 4.6 1.7 (NA)
Currently married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,327 100.0 30.8 12.2 34.0 15.6 7.4 2.7 7.2
Currently cohabiting . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,570 100.0 13.7 12.2 39.2 20.4 14.5 4.3 17.6
Never married, not cohabiting . . . . . . 21,568 75.4 18.3 9.4 27.7 12.8 7.2 3.1 13.5
Formerly married, not cohabiting . . . . 6,096 100.0 6.5 8.1 37.8 28.5 19.1 5.6 16.3
NA Not available. 1 Excludes those who have never had sexual intercourse with a person of the opposite sex. For definition
of median, see Guide to Tabular Presentation. 2 Same-sex sexual contact was measured using significantly different questions
for males and females. 3 Includes person of other or multiple race and origin groups, not shown separately.
Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, Advance Data, No. 362; ‘‘Sexual Behavior and Selected Health Measures:
Men and Women 15−44 Years of Age, United States, 2002,’’ September 15, 2005, and unpublished data.
Table 93. Males and Females Who Have Had Sexual Contact in Last 12 Months
by Number and Sex of Partners: 2002
[In percent except as indicated (61,147 represents 61,147,000). Based on the National Survey of Family Growth. See Appendix
III]
Percent distribution
One partner Two or more partners
Sex and age Both Number
No part- Oppo- same of part-
ners in Oppo- Same site and ners not
Number last 12 Same site sex sex opposite ascer-
(1,000) Total months sex 1 sex only 1 only sex 1 tained
Males 15 to 44 years old . . . . . 61,147 100.0 14.8 0.7 62.2 0.9 17.6 1.0 2.6
15 to 19 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,208 100.0 45.1 0.8 29.7 (S) 21.8 0.9 1.4
20 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,883 100.0 14.2 0.4 48.8 0.9 30.9 1.5 3.2
25 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,056 100.0 7.4 0.7 73.6 1.1 13.4 1.0 2.8
25 to 29 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,226 100.0 10.0 0.5 66.6 0.9 18.4 1.1 2.5
30 to 34 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,138 100.0 5.6 0.9 74.3 1.0 14.5 1.3 2.4
35 to 39 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,557 100.0 7.1 0.9 76.5 1.2 11.4 0.5 2.5
40 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,135 100.0 7.0 0.7 75.9 1.3 10.1 1.0 3.8
Females 15 to 44 years old . . . 61,561 100.0 13.9 1.1 66.8 0.2 12.7 3.1 2.2
15 to 19 years old . . . . . . . ... . . . 9,834 100.0 42.9 1.7 30.5 (S) 16.8 5.8 2.1
20 to 24 years old . . . . . . . ... . . . 9,840 100.0 12.5 0.4 58.9 (S) 21.1 4.8 1.9
25 to 44 years old . . . . . . . ... . . . 41,887 100.0 7.4 1.1 77.2 0.2 9.8 2.0 2.2
25 to 29 years old . . . . . . ... . . . 9,249 100.0 6.1 0.5 74.1 0.4 14.1 2.8 2.0
30 to 34 years old . . . . . . ... . . . 10,272 100.0 7.1 0.5 78.5 (S) 9.7 2.1 1.9
35 to 39 years old . . . . . . ... . . . 10,853 100.0 7.3 1.8 76.8 (S) 9.4 2.5 2.0
40 to 44 years old . . . . . . ... . . . 11,512 100.0 9.0 1.4 78.8 (S) 6.7 0.9 3.0
1
S Does not meet standards for reliability or precision. Same-sex sexual contact was measured using significantly different
questions for males and females.
Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, Advance Data, No. 362; Sexual Advance Data, No. 362; ‘‘Sexual Behavior
and Selected Health Measures: Men and Women 15−44 Years of Age, United States, 2002,’’ September 15, 2005, and unpublished
data.
Percent using—
Family planning services Medical services
Characteristic At least
one Birth At least Counseling/
family Birth control one Preg- test/
Number planning control checkup medical nancy Pap Pelvic treatment
(1,000) service method or test service test smear exam for STD 1
All women 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,561 41.7 33.9 23.6 69.1 19.7 64.4 59.7 12.6
15 to 19 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,834 39.9 31.1 22.0 40.6 18.3 34.6 27.0 15.2
15 to 17 years old . . . . . . . . . . 5,819 31.8 22.2 15.8 28.0 11.4 23.2 17.9 11.1
18 to 19 years old . . . . . . . . . . 4,016 51.6 43.9 31.0 58.9 28.2 51.2 40.2 21.1
20 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,840 63.3 54.0 35.7 75.7 31.5 69.7 60.6 22.3
25 to 29 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,249 55.4 46.3 30.2 75.9 30.2 70.7 66.0 16.6
30 to 34 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,272 47.0 39.1 27.2 78.1 22.2 72.7 69.7 12.2
35 to 39 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,853 30.5 23.9 18.6 71.5 13.6 68.3 65.9 6.9
40 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,512 19.5 14.0 10.8 71.8 5.9 69.4 67.0 4.4
Currently married . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,327 39.5 31.5 21.3 77.2 21.1 73.1 69.8 8.1
Currently cohabiting . . . . . . . . . . . 5,570 50.4 43.2 30.2 77.2 31.0 72.2 64.7 20.3
Never married, not cohabiting . . . . 21,568 44.4 36.4 25.4 55.8 16.5 50.7 43.9 15.9
Formerly married, not cohabiting. . . 6,096 34.5 28.0 22.0 71.0 14.1 66.0 64.0 14.4
White only, Non-Hispanic . . . . . . . 39,498 43.1 36.4 25.4 70.1 17.3 66.1 63.2 11.8
Black only, Non-Hispanic. . . . . . . . 8,250 39.4 30.6 21.8 74.4 23.7 69.1 58.1 15.7
Hispanic 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,107 39.7 28.9 20.6 63.4 24.3 57.1 48.5 12.5
1 2 3
STD stands for sexually transmitted disease. Includes other races not shown separately. Persons of Hispanic origin
may be any race.
Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, Advance Data, Number 350, ‘‘Use of Contraception and Use of Family
Planning Services in the United States: 1982−2002,’’ December 10, 2004.
Table 95. Current Contraceptive Use by Women, by Race and Marital Status:
2002
[In percent, except total (61,561 represents 61,561,000). Based on the National Survey of Family Growth; see Appendix III]
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Using contraception (contraceptors) 4 . . . . 61.9 64.6 57.6 59.0 44.0 72.9 64.4
Female sterilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.7 15.4 22.6 19.9 4.4 21.7 35.3
Male sterilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 7.6 1.3 2.6 0.4 11.2 2.2
Pill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.9 22.2 13.1 13.0 21.8 17.2 12.3
Implant, Lunelle™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 0.5 0.6 1.8 0.4 1.0 0.5
3-month injectable (Depo-Provera™). . . 3.3 2.7 5.4 4.3 4.2 2.2 1.7
Intrauterine device (IUD) . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 1.0 0.8 3.2 0.2 1.9 1.9
Diaphragm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.2 0.1 − 0.2 0.2 −
Condom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 10.7 11.4 10.9 10.3 12.0 8.0
Periodic abstinence—calendar rhythm . . 0.7 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.2 1.3 0.3
Periodic abstinence—natural family
planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.4 −
Withdrawal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 2.6 1.5 2.2 1.6 3.0 1.3
Other methods 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.9
Not using contraception . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.1 35.4 42.4 41.0 56.0 27.1 35.6
Surgically sterile-female
(noncontraceptive) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 1.6 1.6 0.9 0.4 2.1 3.0
Nonsurgically sterile-female or male 6 . . 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.0 2.0 2.5
Pregnant or postpartum . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 4.7 5.7 6.9 2.3 7.5 2.2
Seeking pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.0 4.3 5.2 0.8 6.9 2.0
Other nonuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.5 23.6 29.5 26.4 51.4 8.6 26.0
Never had intercourse or no
intercourse in 3 months before
interview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.1 17.0 19.0 18.7 42.9 2.3 17.7
Had intercourse in 3 months
before interview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 6.5 10.4 7.7 8.5 6.3 8.2
All other nonusers . . . . . . . . . . . . . − 0.1 0.1 − − − 0.1
1 2
− Represents or rounds to zero. Includes other races not shown separately. Includes women who are currently
cohabiting not shown separately. 3 Persons of Hispanic origin may be any race. 4 Percents may not add to the total who were
5
using contraception because more than one method could have been used in the month of interview. Includes implants,
injectables, morning-after pill, suppository, Today™ sponge, and less frequently used methods. 6 Persons sterile from illness,
accident, or congenital conditions.
Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, Advance Data, Number 350, ‘‘Use of Contraception and Use of Family
Planning Services in the United States: 1982−2002,’’ December 10, 2004.
Abortion rate
1
Characteristic Number (1,000) Percent distribution per 1,000 women
1990 2000 2004 1990 2000 2004 1990 2000 2004
Total abortions . . . . . . . . 1,609 1,313 1,222 100 100 100 27.4 21.3 19.7
Age of woman:
Less than 15 years old 1 . . . . . . 13 9 7 0.8 0.7 0.6 7.9 4.4 3.3
15 to 19 years old . . . . . . . . . . 351 235 200 21.8 17.9 16.3 40.6 24.0 19.8
20 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . 532 430 406 33.1 32.7 33.2 56.7 45.9 39.9
25 to 29 years old . . . . . . . . . . 360 303 285 22.4 23.0 23.3 34.0 31.8 29.7
30 to 34 years old . . . . . . . . . . 216 190 184 13.4 14.5 15.1 19.7 18.6 18.2
35 to 39 years old . . . . . . . . . . 108 110 103 6.7 8.4 8.4 10.7 9.7 9.8
40 years old and over 2. . . . . . . 29 37 38 1.8 2.8 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.3
Race and ethnicity of woman:
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,039 733 674 64.6 55.8 55.1 21.5 15.0 13.8
Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505 488 453 31.4 37.2 37.1 63.9 54.8 49.7
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 92 95 4.0 7.0 7.8 25.1 24.4 22.9
Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 261 269 12.1 19.8 22.0 35.1 30.3 27.8
Non-Hispanic White . . . . . . . . . 852 479 418 52.9 36.5 34.2 19.7 11.7 10.5
Marital status of woman: 3
Married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 246 212 21 19 17.3 10.6 7.9 7.0
Unmarried . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,268 1,067 1,011 79 81 82.7 47.7 34.9 31.7
Number of prior live births:
None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 780 533 494 49 41 40 32.0 20.2 17.8
One. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396 361 336 25 28 28 36.9 32.5 31.5
Two . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 260 237 17 20 19 20.5 18.9 17.5
Three . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 104 100 6 8 8 15.6 14.8 14.9
Four or more. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 56 54 3 4 4 14.7 16.5 16.1
Number of prior induced abortions:
None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891 699 652 55 53 53 (NA) (NA) (NA)
One. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443 355 327 28 27 27 (NA) (NA) (NA)
Two or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 259 243 17 20 20 (NA) (NA) (NA)
Weeks of gestation:
Less than 9 weeks . . . . . . . . . . 825 749 750 51.3 57.1 61.3 (NA) (NA) (NA)
9 to 10 weeks . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 269 217 25.8 20.5 17.8 (NA) (NA) (NA)
11 to 12 weeks . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 138 117 12.1 10.5 9.6 (NA) (NA) (NA)
13 weeks or more . . . . . . . . . . 173 156 138 10.8 11.9 11.3 (NA) (NA) (NA)
NA Not available. 1 Denominator of rate is women aged 14. 2 Denominator of rate is women aged 40−44. 3 Separated
women are included with married.
Source: R.K. Jones, M.R.S. Zolna, S.K. Henshaw, and L.B. Finer, ‘‘Abortion in the United States: Incidence and Access to
Services, 2005,’’ Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 2008, 40(1):6−16; and unpublished data from Guttmacher
Institute (copyright).
1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.4 71.8 78.8 76.1 72.7 79.4 69.1 64.5 73.6
1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.5 72.0 78.9 76.3 72.9 79.6 69.3 64.6 73.8
1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.8 72.3 79.1 76.5 73.2 79.8 69.6 65.0 73.9
1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.5 72.2 78.8 76.3 73.1 79.5 69.2 64.6 73.7
1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.7 72.4 79.0 76.5 73.3 79.6 69.5 64.9 73.9
1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.8 72.5 78.9 76.5 73.4 79.6 69.6 65.2 73.9
1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.1 73.1 79.1 76.8 73.9 79.7 70.2 66.1 74.2
1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.5 73.6 79.4 77.2 74.3 79.9 71.1 67.2 74.7
1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.7 73.8 79.5 77.3 74.5 80.0 71.3 67.6 74.8
1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.7 73.9 79.4 77.3 74.6 79.9 71.4 67.8 74.7
2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.0 74.3 79.7 77.6 74.9 80.1 71.9 68.3 75.2
2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.2 74.4 79.8 77.7 75.0 80.2 72.2 68.6 75.5
2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.3 74.5 79.9 77.7 75.1 80.3 72.3 68.8 75.6
2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.4 74.7 80.0 77.9 75.3 80.4 72.6 68.9 75.9
2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.8 75.2 80.4 78.3 75.7 80.8 73.1 69.5 76.3
2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.8 75.2 80.4 78.3 75.7 80.8 73.2 69.5 76.5
Projections 1:
2010 . . . . . . . . . . . 78.3 75.7 80.8 78.9 76.5 81.3 73.8 70.2 77.2
2015 . . . . . . . . . . . 78.9 76.4 81.4 79.5 77.1 81.8 75.0 71.4 78.2
2020 . . . . . . . . . . . 79.5 77.1 81.9 80.0 77.7 82.4 76.1 72.6 79.2
1
Based on middle mortality assumptions; for details, see source. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2008 National Population
Projections, released August 2008; <http://www.census.gov/population/www/projections/2008projections.html>.
Source: Except as noted, U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics Reports (NVSR), Deaths: Final
Data for 2005, Vol. 56, No. 10, April 24, 2008.
Table 101. Average Number of Years of Life Remaining by Sex and Age:
1989 to 2005
[Excludes deaths of nonresidents of the United States. See Appendix III]
Female . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 0.5 (NA) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 (NA) 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7 (NA) 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5
Age 40: Male. . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 3.1 (NA) 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.7 (NA) 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.3 6.9 7.1 (NA) 4.6 4.3 4.3 3.9 3.9
Female . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 1.4 (NA) 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.2 (NA) 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 3.2 3.1 (NA) 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.5
Age 50: Male. . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 6.2 (NA) 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.7 7.1 5.6 (NA) 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.3 14.9 12.8 (NA) 11.2 10.4 10.5 10.1 10.0
Female . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 3.5 (NA) 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.8 3.2 (NA) 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0 7.7 6.6 (NA) 6.2 6.2 6.1 5.9 6.0
Age 65: Male. . . . . . . . . . . . 28.2 22.9 (NA) 20.0 18.9 18.5 17.8 17.6 27.4 23.0 (NA) 19.2 18.2 17.8 17.1 16.9 38.5 36.8 (NA) 29.6 29.3 29.1 28.4 28.0
Female . . . . . . . . . . 14.3 13.5 (NA) 12.7 12.1 11.9 11.5 11.4 13.6 12.8 (NA) 12.2 11.7 11.4 11.0 10.9 21.6 21.4 (NA) 18.2 17.8 17.7 16.9 16.8
NUMBER SURVIVING TO
SPECIFIED AGE PER 1,000
Age 20: Male. . . . . . . . . . . . 973 979 981 984 984 985 985 985 975 981 981 986 986 986 987 986 961 963 967 973 974 974 974 974
Female . . . . . . . . . . 982 986 987 989 989 989 989 990 984 988 987 990 991 991 991 991 972 976 978 981 981 982 982 982
Age 40: Male. . . . . . . . . . . . 933 938 940 953 954 954 955 955 940 946 940 958 958 958 959 959 885 880 885 918 920 923 925 924
Female . . . . . . . . . . 965 971 971 975 975 975 976 976 969 975 971 978 978 978 978 978 941 944 944 955 957 958 958 959
Age 50: Male. . . . . . . . . . . . 890 899 899 917 918 918 921 920 901 912 899 925 925 925 927 926 801 801 803 855 862 864 869 869
Female . . . . . . . . . . 941 950 950 954 954 954 954 954 947 957 950 960 959 959 959 959 896 904 902 915 918 919 921 923
Age 65: Male. . . . . . . . . . . . 706 741 750 779 786 787 792 791 724 760 750 794 799 800 805 803 551 571 581 640 657 659 668 667
Female . . . . . . . . . . 835 851 855 863 867 867 870 871 848 864 855 874 876 877 879 879 733 751 758 780 785 786 792 794
1 2
NA Not available. Includes other races not shown separately. See footnote 1, Table 103.
Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics Reports (NVSR), U.S. Life Tables, 2004, Vol. 56, No. 8, December, 28, 2007; Deaths: Final Data for 2005, Vol. 56, No. 10, April 24, 2008;
and unpublished data.
75
Table 103. Expectation of Life and Expected Deaths by Race, Sex, and Age:
2005
[See Appendix III]
2
Expectation of life in years Expected deaths per 1,000 alive at specified age
Age White Black White Black
(years)
1 1
Total Male Female Male Female Total Male Female Male Female
At birth . . . . . . 77.8 75.7 80.8 69.5 76.5 6.88 6.33 5.11 15.20 12.32
1. . . . . . . . . . 77.4 75.2 80.2 69.6 76.4 0.46 0.48 0.37 0.72 0.60
2. . . . . . . . . . 76.4 74.2 79.2 68.7 75.5 0.31 0.34 0.24 0.45 0.32
3. . . . . . . . . . 75.4 73.3 78.3 67.7 74.5 0.22 0.22 0.17 0.45 0.26
4. . . . . . . . . . 74.5 72.3 77.3 66.7 73.5 0.18 0.20 0.14 0.25 0.30
5. . . . . . . . . . 73.5 71.3 76.3 65.7 72.5 0.17 0.17 0.14 0.27 0.23
6. . . . . . . . . . 72.5 70.3 75.3 64.8 71.6 0.16 0.16 0.13 0.25 0.21
7. . . . . . . . . . 71.5 69.3 74.3 63.8 70.6 0.15 0.15 0.13 0.23 0.19
8. . . . . . . . . . 70.5 68.3 73.3 62.8 69.6 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.21 0.18
9. . . . . . . . . . 69.5 67.3 72.3 61.8 68.6 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.17 0.17
10 . . . . . . . . . 68.5 66.3 71.3 60.8 67.6 0.10 0.08 0.09 0.15 0.16
11 . . . . . . . . . 67.5 65.3 70.3 59.8 66.6 0.11 0.09 0.09 0.17 0.17
12 . . . . . . . . . 66.5 64.3 69.4 58.8 65.6 0.14 0.14 0.11 0.24 0.18
13 . . . . . . . . . 65.6 63.4 68.4 57.9 64.6 0.22 0.26 0.16 0.39 0.21
14 . . . . . . . . . 64.6 62.4 67.4 56.9 63.7 0.33 0.41 0.21 0.60 0.25
15 . . . . . . . . . 63.6 61.4 66.4 55.9 62.7 0.45 0.58 0.28 0.83 0.29
16 . . . . . . . . . 62.6 60.4 65.4 55.0 61.7 0.56 0.73 0.34 1.06 0.34
17 . . . . . . . . . 61.7 59.5 64.4 54.0 60.7 0.67 0.88 0.39 1.29 0.39
18 . . . . . . . . . 60.7 58.5 63.4 53.1 59.7 0.75 1.01 0.42 1.50 0.44
19 . . . . . . . . . 59.7 57.6 62.5 52.2 58.8 0.82 1.12 0.43 1.70 0.49
20 . . . . . . . . . 58.8 56.6 61.5 51.2 57.8 0.89 1.23 0.44 1.92 0.54
21 . . . . . . . . . 57.8 55.7 60.5 50.3 56.8 0.96 1.33 0.45 2.12 0.60
22 . . . . . . . . . 56.9 54.8 59.6 49.4 55.9 1.00 1.39 0.46 2.28 0.65
23 . . . . . . . . . 56.0 53.9 58.6 48.6 54.9 1.02 1.39 0.47 2.35 0.70
24 . . . . . . . . . 55.0 52.9 57.6 47.7 53.9 1.00 1.36 0.47 2.37 0.74
25 . . . . . . . . . 54.1 52.0 56.6 46.8 53.0 0.98 1.31 0.47 2.36 0.78
26 . . . . . . . . . 53.1 51.1 55.7 45.9 52.0 0.97 1.27 0.47 2.35 0.83
27 . . . . . . . . . 52.2 50.1 54.7 45.0 51.1 0.96 1.25 0.49 2.36 0.88
28 . . . . . . . . . 51.2 49.2 53.7 44.1 50.1 0.97 1.24 0.51 2.41 0.95
29 . . . . . . . . . 50.3 48.3 52.7 43.2 49.1 0.99 1.25 0.54 2.48 1.03
30 . . . . . . . . . 49.3 47.3 51.8 42.3 48.2 1.03 1.28 0.57 2.56 1.12
31 . . . . . . . . . 48.4 46.4 50.8 41.4 47.3 1.07 1.31 0.62 2.64 1.22
32 . . . . . . . . . 47.4 45.4 49.8 40.5 46.3 1.11 1.34 0.66 2.71 1.31
33 . . . . . . . . . 46.5 44.5 48.9 39.6 45.4 1.15 1.39 0.71 2.78 1.40
34 . . . . . . . . . 45.5 43.6 47.9 38.8 44.4 1.21 1.44 0.76 2.84 1.50
35 . . . . . . . . . 44.6 42.6 46.9 37.9 43.5 1.27 1.50 0.82 2.92 1.60
36 . . . . . . . . . 43.6 41.7 46.0 37.0 42.6 1.35 1.59 0.88 3.03 1.72
37 . . . . . . . . . 42.7 40.8 45.0 36.1 41.6 1.46 1.71 0.97 3.19 1.87
38 . . . . . . . . . 41.8 39.8 44.1 35.2 40.7 1.60 1.88 1.07 3.39 2.07
39 . . . . . . . . . 40.8 38.9 43.1 34.3 39.8 1.77 2.09 1.19 3.63 2.29
40 . . . . . . . . . 39.9 38.0 42.2 33.4 38.9 1.94 2.30 1.31 3.88 2.52
41 . . . . . . . . . 39.0 37.1 41.2 32.6 38.0 2.12 2.52 1.44 4.16 2.76
42 . . . . . . . . . 38.0 36.2 40.3 31.7 37.1 2.31 2.74 1.57 4.52 3.01
43 . . . . . . . . . 37.1 35.3 39.3 30.8 36.2 2.52 2.98 1.71 5.00 3.30
44 . . . . . . . . . 36.2 34.4 38.4 30.0 35.3 2.75 3.24 1.87 5.57 3.62
45 . . . . . . . . . 35.3 33.5 37.5 29.2 34.4 2.99 3.50 2.04 6.19 3.96
46 . . . . . . . . . 34.4 32.6 36.5 28.3 33.6 3.24 3.79 2.22 6.83 4.30
47 . . . . . . . . . 33.5 31.7 35.6 27.5 32.7 3.51 4.10 2.40 7.51 4.67
48 . . . . . . . . . 32.7 30.8 34.7 26.7 31.9 3.80 4.45 2.58 8.26 5.07
49 . . . . . . . . . 31.8 30.0 33.8 26.0 31.0 4.12 4.84 2.76 9.07 5.49
50 . . . . . . . . . 30.9 29.1 32.9 25.2 30.2 4.46 5.27 2.97 9.97 5.96
51 . . . . . . . . . 30.0 28.3 32.0 24.4 29.4 4.84 5.73 3.19 10.94 6.46
52 . . . . . . . . . 29.2 27.4 31.1 23.7 28.6 5.22 6.19 3.45 11.91 6.93
53 . . . . . . . . . 28.3 26.6 30.2 23.0 27.8 5.59 6.62 3.74 12.83 7.34
54 . . . . . . . . . 27.5 25.8 29.3 22.3 27.0 5.96 7.05 4.05 13.69 7.71
55 . . . . . . . . . 26.7 24.9 28.4 21.6 26.2 6.35 7.48 4.39 14.58 8.08
56 . . . . . . . . . 25.8 24.1 27.5 20.9 25.4 6.77 7.96 4.75 15.54 8.51
57 . . . . . . . . . 25.0 23.3 26.7 20.2 24.6 7.26 8.52 5.16 16.57 9.03
58 . . . . . . . . . 24.2 22.5 25.8 19.5 23.8 7.87 9.23 5.66 17.71 9.70
59 . . . . . . . . . 23.4 21.7 25.0 18.9 23.0 8.60 10.11 6.24 19.00 10.54
60 . . . . . . . . . 22.6 20.9 24.1 18.2 22.3 9.47 11.16 6.94 20.51 11.54
61 . . . . . . . . . 21.8 20.2 23.3 17.6 21.5 10.45 12.32 7.73 22.19 12.64
62 . . . . . . . . . 21.0 19.4 22.4 17.0 20.8 11.46 13.52 8.54 23.90 13.79
63 . . . . . . . . . 20.2 18.7 21.6 16.4 20.1 12.41 14.65 9.32 25.44 14.86
64 . . . . . . . . . 19.5 17.9 20.8 15.8 19.4 13.32 15.72 10.09 26.79 15.84
65 . . . . . . . . . 18.7 17.2 20.0 15.2 18.7 14.30 16.87 10.94 28.04 16.82
70 . . . . . . . . . 15.2 13.8 16.2 12.4 15.3 21.89 26.23 17.33 38.34 23.88
75 . . . . . . . . . 12.0 10.7 12.8 10.0 12.3 34.08 41.47 27.71 55.33 35.90
80 . . . . . . . . . 9.2 8.1 9.7 7.9 9.7 54.28 65.96 46.30 79.61 54.60
1
Includes other races not shown separately. 2 Based on the proportion of the cohort who are alive at the beginning of the
indicated age who will die before reaching the age shown plus 1. For example, out of every 1,000 people alive and exactly 50 years
old at the beginning of the period, between 4 and 5 (4.46) will die before reaching their 51st birthdays.
Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, unpublished data.
Sex, race,
and Hispanic origin 1980 1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Deaths 1 (1,000) . . . . . . 1,990 2,148 2,312 2,337 2,391 2,403 2,416 2,443 2,448 2,398 2,448
Male 1 (1,000) . . . . . . . . . . . 1,075 1,113 1,173 1,157 1,175 1,178 1,183 1,199 1,202 1,182 1,208
Female 1 (1,000) . . . . . . . . . . 915 1,035 1,139 1,180 1,216 1,226 1,233 1,244 1,246 1,216 1,240
White (1,000) . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,739 1,853 1,987 2,016 2,061 2,071 2,080 2,103 2,104 2,057 2,098
Male (1,000) . . . . . . . . . . . 934 951 997 990 1,005 1,007 1,011 1,025 1,026 1,007 1,028
Female (1,000) . . . . . . . . . 805 902 990 1,026 1,056 1,064 1,068 1,077 1,078 1,049 1,070
Black (1,000) . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 265 286 278 285 286 288 290 291 287 293
Male (1,000) . . . . . . . . . . . 130 145 154 143 146 145 146 147 148 146 149
Female (1,000) . . . . . . . . . 103 120 132 135 139 141 142 143 143 141 144
Asian or Pacific Islander
(1,000) . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 11 21 28 32 34 35 37 38 40 41 43
Male (1,000) . . . . . . . . ... 7 12 16 18 18 19 20 20 21 21 23
Female (1,000) . . . . . . ... 4 9 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 19 20
American Indian, Eskimo,
Aleut (1,000). . . . . . . . . ... 7 8 10 11 11 11 12 12 13 13 14
Male (1,000) . . . . . . . . ... 4 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 8
Female (1,000) . . . . . . ... 3 3 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6
Hispanic origin 2 (1,000) . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 98 104 107 113 117 122 122 131
Male (1,000) . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 56 58 60 63 66 68 69 74
Female (1,000) . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 43 46 47 50 51 54 54 57
Non-Hispanic, White (1,000) . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 1,913 1,953 1,960 1,963 1,982 1,979 1,933 1,967
Male (1,000) . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 932 945 945 946 958 956 938 954
Female (1,000) . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 981 1,008 1,015 1,017 1,024 1,023 995 1,013
Death rates 1 . . . . . . . . 8.8 8.6 8.7 8.5 8.6 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.4 8.2 8.3
Male 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 9.2 9.0 8.6 8.6 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.4 8.2 8.3
Female 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 8.1 8.4 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.5 8.5 8.4 8.2 8.2
White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 8.9 9.0 8.9 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 8.9 8.6 8.7
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 9.3 9.3 8.9 9.1 8.9 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.5 8.6
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 8.5 8.9 8.9 9.2 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.0 8.7 8.8
Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 8.7 8.5 7.8 7.9 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.6 7.4 7.5
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 10.1 9.8 8.5 8.8 8.3 8.2 8.2 8.1 7.9 8.0
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 7.5 7.6 7.2 7.6 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.2 7.0 7.0
Asian or Pacific Islander . . . . . 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.3
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.8
American Indian, Eskimo,
Aleut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 4.9 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.4
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 6.0 4.8 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.8
Female . . . . . . . . . . . ... 3.8 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.9 3.8 4.0
Hispanic origin 2 . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.1
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 4.1 (NA) 3.3 3.7 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.3
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 2.9 (NA) 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.8
Non-Hispanic, White . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 9.7 9.9 9.9 9.9 10.0 9.9 9.7 9.8
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 9.9 (NA) 9.7 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.6 9.7
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 9.0 (NA) 9.8 10.0 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 9.8 9.9
Age-adjusted death
rates 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 9.4 9.2 8.7 8.8 8.7 8.5 8.5 8.3 8.0 8.0
Male 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.5 12.0 11.5 10.7 10.7 10.5 10.3 10.1 9.9 9.6 9.5
Female 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 7.5 7.5 7.2 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.2 7.1 6.8 6.8
White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1 9.1 8.9 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.4 8.3 8.2 7.9 7.9
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2 11.7 11.1 10.4 10.4 10.3 10.1 9.9 9.7 9.4 9.3
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 7.3 7.3 7.1 7.2 7.2 7.1 7.0 6.9 6.7 6.7
Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1 12.5 12.2 11.3 11.4 11.2 11.0 10.8 10.7 10.3 10.2
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.0 16.4 15.8 14.3 14.3 14.0 13.8 13.4 13.2 12.7 12.5
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 9.8 9.7 9.2 9.3 9.3 9.1 9.0 8.9 8.6 8.5
Asian or Pacific Islander . . . . . 5.9 5.8 6.2 5.2 5.2 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.4 4.4
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 7.2 7.9 6.5 6.4 6.2 6.0 5.8 5.6 5.3 5.3
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 4.7 4.9 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.7
American Indian, Eskimo,
Aleut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 8.7 7.2 7.2 7.7 7.8 7.1 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.5 6.6
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 11.1 9.2 8.6 9.4 9.3 8.4 8.0 7.9 8.0 7.6 7.8
Female . . . . . . . . . . . ... 6.6 5.6 5.9 6.4 6.7 6.0 5.9 5.8 5.9 5.6 5.7
Hispanic origin 2 . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 6.7 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.3 6.2 5.9 5.9
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 8.9 (NA) 8.3 8.3 8.2 8.0 7.7 7.5 7.1 7.2
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 5.4 (NA) 5.4 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.2 5.2 4.9 4.9
Non-Hispanic, White . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 8.5 8.6 8.6 8.4 8.4 8.3 8.0 8.0
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 11.7 (NA) 10.5 10.5 10.4 10.1 10.0 9.8 9.5 9.5
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 7.3 (NA) 7.1 7.2 7.2 7.1 7.1 7.0 6.8 6.8
1 2
NA Not available. Includes other races, not shown separately. Persons of Hispanic origin may be any race.
Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics Reports (NVSR), Deaths: Final Data for 2005; Vol.
56, No. 10, April 24, 2008.
85
Characteristic years
All Under 1-4 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 and
ages 1 1 year years years years years years years years years years over
MALE
1950 . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . 1,106 3,728 152 71 168 217 429 1,067 2,395 4,931 10,426 21,636
1960 . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . 1,105 3,059 120 56 152 188 373 992 2,310 4,914 10,178 21,186
1970 . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . 1,090 2,410 93 51 189 215 403 959 2,283 4,874 10,010 17,822
1980 . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . 977 1,429 73 37 172 196 299 767 1,815 4,105 8,817 18,801
1990 . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . 918 1,083 52 29 147 204 310 610 1,553 3,492 7,889 18,057
2000 . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . 853 807 36 21 115 139 255 543 1,231 2,980 6,973 17,501
2002 . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . 847 762 35 20 117 142 258 548 1,184 2,855 6,761 16,255
2003 . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . 840 777 35 20 117 141 255 552 1,166 2,772 6,642 15,794
2004 . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . 818 754 32 19 115 140 244 544 1,129 2,645 6,394 15,031
2005 . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . 827 762 33 18 119 144 242 560 1,182 2,644 6,424 14,889
White:
1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 931 896 46 26 131 176 268 549 1,467 3,398 7,845 18,268
2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 888 668 33 20 106 124 234 497 1,163 2,906 6,933 17,716
2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 854 632 29 18 108 127 229 504 1,066 2,584 6,385 15,251
2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 865 640 31 17 111 131 227 519 1,113 2,576 6,404 15,157
Black:
1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,008 2,112 86 41 252 431 700 1,261 2,618 4,946 9,130 16,955
2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 834 1,568 55 28 181 261 453 1,018 2,080 4,254 8,486 16,791
2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793 1,414 49 26 164 252 397 955 1,961 3,818 7,710 14,453
2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799 1,437 46 27 176 258 394 977 2,066 3,827 7,814 13,810
Asian or Pacific Islander 2:
1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 605 45 21 76 80 131 287 789 2,041 5,009 12,446
2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 529 23 13 55 55 105 250 642 1,661 4,328 12,125
2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 443 21 15 54 51 91 242 545 1,363 3,766 10,118
2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 464 21 14 57 56 97 252 585 1,485 3,978 9,839
American Indian,
Eskimo, Aleut 2:
1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476 1,057 77 33 220 256 365 620 1,211 2,462 5,389 11,244
2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 700 45 20 136 179 295 520 1,090 2,478 5,351 10,726
2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454 1,076 55 24 136 189 321 543 1,067 2,197 4,584 7,924
2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482 882 72 22 147 210 334 603 1,181 2,326 4,576 8,419
FEMALE
1950 . . . ....... . . . . . . . 824 2,855 127 49 89 143 290 642 1,405 3,333 8,400 19,195
1960 . . . ....... . . . . . . . 809 2,321 98 37 61 107 229 527 1,196 2,872 7,633 19,008
1970 . . . ....... . . . . . . . 808 1,864 75 32 68 102 231 517 1,099 2,580 6,678 15,518
1980 . . . ....... . . . . . . . 785 1,142 55 24 58 76 159 413 934 2,145 5,440 14,747
1990 . . . ....... . . . . . . . 812 856 41 19 49 74 138 343 879 1,991 4,883 14,274
2000 . . . ....... . . . . . . . 855 663 29 15 43 64 143 313 772 1,921 4,815 14,719
2002 . . . ....... . . . . . . . 848 625 27 15 44 64 149 317 738 1,865 4,758 14,210
2003 . . . ....... . . . . . . . 843 619 28 14 44 65 149 318 733 1,823 4,676 14,063
2004 . . . ....... . . . . . . . 815 613 27 14 44 64 144 314 707 1,761 4,522 13,280
2005 . . . ....... . . . . . . . 825 619 25 14 43 64 143 326 729 1,749 4,533 13,298
White:
1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847 690 36 18 46 62 117 309 823 1,924 4,839 14,401
2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 912 551 26 14 41 55 126 281 731 1,868 4,785 14,891
2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 872 514 24 13 42 57 130 285 672 1,724 4,514 13,451
2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 883 515 23 13 42 58 129 296 690 1,708 4,518 13,498
Black:
1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 748 1,736 68 28 69 160 299 639 1,453 2,866 5,688 13,310
2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733 1,280 45 20 58 122 272 588 1,227 2,690 5,697 13,941
2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700 1,150 41 21 54 112 256 564 1,129 2,386 5,300 12,897
2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704 1,179 37 19 52 111 249 585 1,164 2,384 5,339 12,790
Sex, race,
and Hispanic origin 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
1
ALL RACES
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,339 1,223 1,039 939 869 855 845 833 801 799
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,609 1,542 1,348 1,203 1,054 1,029 1,014 994 956 951
Female. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,105 971 818 751 731 722 715 706 679 678
WHITE
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,311 1,193 1,013 910 850 837 829 817 786 785
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,586 1,514 1,318 1,166 1,029 1,006 993 974 937 933
Female. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,074 944 796 729 715 707 701 693 667 667
BLACK
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,578 1,518 1,315 1,250 1,121 1,101 1,083 1,066 1,027 1,017
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,811 1,874 1,698 1,645 1,404 1,375 1,341 1,319 1,269 1,253
Female. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,370 1,229 1,033 975 928 913 902 886 855 846
ASIAN OR
PACIFIC ISLANDER
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 590 582 506 492 474 466 444 440
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 787 716 624 597 578 563 535 534
Female. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 426 469 417 412 396 393 376 369
AMERICAN INDIAN,
ESKIMO, ALEUT
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 867 716 709 687 677 685 650 663
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 1,112 916 842 799 794 797 758 775
Female. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 662 562 605 594 581 592 558 568
HISPANIC ORIGIN 2
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 666 659 629 621 587 591
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 886 818 803 767 748 707 717
Female. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 537 546 544 518 516 486 485
NON-HISPANIC, WHITE
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 856 843 838 826 797 797
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 1,171 1,035 1,013 1,002 984 949 945
Female. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 735 722 714 710 702 678 678
1 2
NA Not available. For 1960 to 1990 includes deaths among races not shown separately. Persons of Hispanic origin
may be any race.
Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics Reports (NVSR), Deaths: Final Data for 2005; Vol.
56, No. 10, April 24, 2008.
Table 107. Death Rates by Hispanic-Origin Status, Sex, and Age: 1990 to 2005
[Rates per 100,000 population. Rates are based on populations enumerated as of April 1 for census years and estimated as of
July 1 for all other years. Excludes deaths of nonresidents of the United States. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with
caution because of inconsistencies between reporting Hispanic origin and race on death certificates and censuses and surveys]
Non-Hispanic Non-Hispanic
Hispanic male Hispanic female
Age White male White female
1990 2000 2005 1990 2000 2005 1990 2000 2005 1990 2000 2005
Age-adjusted 1 . . . . . 886 818 717 537 546 485 1,171 1,035 945 735 722 678
Crude . . . . . . . . . . . 412 331 334 285 275 278 986 979 971 904 1,007 993
Under 1 year . . . . . . 922 637 670 747 554 555 865 659 626 655 531 497
1 to 4 years . . . . . . . 54 32 33 42 28 25 44 32 30 34 24 22
5 to 14 years . . . . . . 26 18 15 17 13 12 26 20 17 18 14 13
15 to 24 years . . . . . 159 108 120 41 32 37 123 104 106 46 43 42
25 to 34 years . . . . . 234 120 116 63 43 41 165 123 134 61 57 62
35 to 44 years . . . . . 342 211 182 109 101 91 257 234 236 117 128 137
45 to 54 years . . . . . 534 439 417 253 224 216 545 498 517 312 285 299
55 to 64 years . . . . . 1,124 966 876 608 548 494 1,480 1,171 1,080 835 742 677
65 to 74 years . . . . . 2,368 2,288 2,029 1,454 1,423 1,292 3,435 2,931 2,585 1,940 1,891 1,730
75 to 84 years . . . . . 5,369 5,395 4,857 3,351 3,625 3,366 7,920 6,978 6,420 4,887 4,819 4,580
85 years and over . . . 12,272 13,086 10,141 10,099 11,203 9,068 18,505 17,853 15,401 14,533 14,972 13,683
1
See headnote, Table 104.
Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics Reports (NVSR), Deaths: Final Data for 2005; Vol.
56, No. 10, April 24, 2008.
2 Age-
Number of deaths (1,000) Crude rate per 1,000 population adjusted
State and island area
rate,
1 1
1990 1995 2000 2004 2005 2006 1990 1995 2000 2004 2005 2006 2006
United States. . . . . . 2,148 2,312 2,403 2,398 2,448 2,426 8.6 8.7 8.5 8.2 8.3 8.1 7.8
Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 106 108 106 109 107 9.1 9.5 9.5 9.3 9.5 9.3 8.4
Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . 30 33 35 34 36 35 9.7 10.0 10.2 9.8 10.2 9.9 9.2
Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 28 30 30 31 32 8.8 9.0 8.6 8.4 8.5 8.5 7.7
Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . 122 128 131 128 130 126 10.3 10.6 10.7 10.3 10.4 10.1 8.0
Rhode Island . . . . . . . . 10 10 10 10 10 10 9.5 9.8 9.6 9.0 9.3 9.1 7.5
Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . 15.1 10.8 9.4 9.4 11.6 8.1 6.6 7.2 21.6 16.0 15.4 14.7
Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3 10.5 6.8 5.9 9.4 7.6 5.8 4.7 19.5 (B) (B) (B)
Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4 8.8 6.7 6.9 11.8 7.8 6.2 6.6 18.4 20.6 17.6 12.6
Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 9.2 8.4 7.9 10.3 8.4 7.0 6.4 20.0 13.9 13.7 14.9
California. . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 7.9 5.4 5.3 10.6 7.0 5.1 5.0 18.0 16.8 12.9 13.6
Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1 8.8 6.2 6.4 9.8 7.8 5.6 6.0 19.1 19.4 19.5 16.3
Connecticut . . . . . . . . . 11.2 7.9 6.6 5.8 10.2 6.3 5.6 4.9 19.1 17.6 14.4 13.5
Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . 13.9 10.1 9.2 9.0 9.8 9.7 7.9 6.0 27.9 20.1 14.8 18.9
District of Columbia . . . . 25.0 20.7 12.0 14.1 17.8 (B) (B) 8.8 26.7 24.6 16.1 17.0
Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.6 9.6 7.0 7.2 11.8 6.7 5.4 5.7 22.8 16.8 12.6 12.0
Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . 14.5 12.4 8.5 8.2 10.8 7.4 5.9 5.9 21.0 18.3 13.9 12.6
Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 6.7 8.1 6.5 11.6 6.1 6.5 6.3 (B) (B) (B) (B)
Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 8.7 7.5 6.1 10.7 8.6 7.5 6.1 (NA) (B) (B) (B)
Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.8 10.7 8.5 7.4 11.7 7.9 6.6 5.7 26.3 22.4 17.1 16.4
Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.9 9.6 7.8 8.0 10.5 7.9 6.9 7.0 23.4 17.4 15.8 17.0
Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 8.1 6.5 5.3 11.5 7.9 6.0 5.1 27.2 21.9 21.1 13.9
Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 8.4 6.8 7.4 9.5 8.0 6.4 6.6 20.6 17.7 12.2 17.6
Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . 12.9 8.5 7.2 6.6 12.0 8.2 6.7 6.0 22.0 14.3 12.7 13.2
Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . 14.3 11.1 9.0 10.1 10.5 8.1 5.9 7.0 20.6 16.7 13.3 14.9
Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 6.2 4.9 6.9 9.4 6.7 4.8 6.9 (B) (B) (B) (B)
Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . 14.0 9.5 7.6 7.3 11.6 6.8 4.8 5.1 20.4 17.1 13.2 11.6
Massachusetts . . . . . . . 10.5 7.0 4.6 5.2 10.1 6.1 4.0 4.8 16.8 11.9 9.9 8.2
Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . 12.8 10.7 8.2 7.9 10.6 7.4 6.0 5.8 24.2 21.6 18.2 18.3
Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . 10.0 7.3 5.6 5.1 9.6 6.7 4.8 4.5 20.0 23.7 14.6 10.6
Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . 17.0 12.1 10.7 11.4 11.1 7.4 6.8 6.6 23.7 16.2 15.3 17.2
Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4 9.4 7.2 7.5 11.1 7.9 5.9 6.4 20.7 18.2 14.7 14.6
Montana . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4 9.0 6.1 7.0 11.8 6.0 5.5 6.7 (NA) (B) (B) (B)
Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 8.3 7.3 5.6 10.7 6.9 6.4 5.2 25.2 18.9 20.3 (B)
Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 8.4 6.5 5.8 10.0 8.2 6.0 5.2 20.6 14.2 12.7 13.7
New Hampshire . . . . . . 9.9 7.1 5.7 5.3 9.9 6.0 5.5 5.0 22.5 (B) (B) (B)
New Jersey . . . . . . . . . 12.5 9.0 6.3 5.2 10.3 6.4 5.0 4.0 21.9 18.4 13.6 11.0
New Mexico. . . . . . . . . 11.5 9.0 6.6 6.1 11.3 7.6 6.3 5.6 23.1 (B) (B) (B)
New York . . . . . . . . . . 12.5 9.6 6.4 5.8 10.8 7.4 5.4 5.0 20.0 18.1 10.9 9.3
North Carolina . . . . . . . 14.5 10.6 8.6 8.8 12.1 8.0 6.3 6.5 20.0 16.5 15.7 16.4
North Dakota . . . . . . . . 12.1 8.0 8.1 6.0 11.7 7.2 7.5 5.8 27.5 (B) (B) (B)
Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.8 9.8 7.6 8.3 11.2 7.8 6.3 6.7 23.0 19.5 15.4 16.9
Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 9.2 8.5 8.1 12.1 9.1 7.9 7.3 21.8 14.3 16.9 15.4
Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2 8.3 5.6 5.9 12.2 7.0 5.5 5.9 15.9 (B) (B) (B)
Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . 13.2 9.6 7.1 7.3 11.9 7.4 5.8 6.2 23.1 20.5 15.7 14.1
Rhode Island . . . . . . . . 11.0 8.1 6.3 6.5 10.9 7.0 5.9 5.8 (B) (B) (B) (B)
South Carolina . . . . . . . 15.6 11.7 8.7 9.4 10.8 8.1 5.4 7.1 22.9 17.3 14.8 13.8
South Dakota . . . . . . . . 10.9 10.1 5.5 7.2 9.0 8.0 4.3 6.0 (NA) (B) (B) (B)
Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . 13.5 10.3 9.1 8.9 11.9 7.3 6.8 7.4 19.3 17.9 18.0 14.0
Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2 8.1 5.7 6.6 11.2 6.7 5.1 5.7 18.8 14.7 11.4 14.1
Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 7.5 5.2 4.5 10.5 6.0 5.1 4.4 27.3 (B) (B) (B)
Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 6.4 6.0 6.5 10.7 5.9 6.1 6.2 (B) (B) (B) (B)
Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.6 10.2 6.9 7.5 11.9 7.4 5.4 5.8 19.8 19.5 12.4 14.1
Washington . . . . . . . . . 11.8 7.8 5.2 5.1 11.5 7.3 4.9 4.8 16.4 20.6 9.4 10.9
West Virginia . . . . . . . . 11.8 9.9 7.6 8.1 11.4 8.1 7.4 7.9 21.5 (B) (B) (B)
Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 8.2 6.6 6.6 9.7 7.7 5.5 5.4 18.5 19.0 17.2 17.7
Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 8.6 6.7 6.8 9.3 7.5 6.5 6.9 25.9 (B) (B) (B)
Puerto Rico . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 9.7 9.2 (NA) (NA) 10.2 10.0 (NA) (NA) (B) (B)
Virgin Islands . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 13.4 (B) (NA) (NA) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)
Guam . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 5.8 10.7 (NA) (NA) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)
American Samoa. . . . (NA) (NA) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)
Northern Marianas . . . (NA) (NA) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)
1
B Base figure too small to meet statistical standards for reliability. NA Not available. Includes other races, not shown
separately.
Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, Vital Statistics of the United States, annual; and National Vital Statistics
Reports (NVSR), Deaths: Final Data for 2005 Vol. 56, No. 10, April 21, 2008; and earlier reports.
Chronic Nephritis,
Malignant Cere- lower Influenza nephrotic
Year neo- bro- respi- and syndrome, Intentional
Diseases plasms vascular ratory Acci- Diabetes pneu- and Septi- self-harm
of heart (cancer) diseases diseases dents 1 mellitus monia nephrosis cemia (suicide)
1960 . . . . . 559.0 193.9 177.9 12.5 63.1 22.5 53.7 10.6 1.2 12.5
1961 . . . . . 545.3 193.4 173.1 12.6 60.6 22.1 43.4 10.0 1.2 12.2
1962 . . . . . 556.9 193.3 174.0 14.2 62.9 22.6 47.1 9.6 1.3 12.8
1963 . . . . . 563.4 194.7 173.9 16.5 64.0 23.1 55.6 9.2 1.5 13.0
1964 . . . . . 543.3 193.6 167.0 16.3 64.1 22.5 45.4 8.9 1.5 12.7
1965 . . . . . 542.5 195.6 166.4 18.3 65.8 22.9 46.8 8.3 1.5 13.0
1966 . . . . . 541.2 196.5 165.8 19.2 67.6 23.6 47.9 7.9 1.6 12.7
1967 . . . . . 524.7 197.3 159.3 19.2 66.2 23.4 42.2 7.3 1.6 12.5
1968 . . . . . 531.0 198.8 162.5 20.7 65.5 25.3 52.8 6.1 1.7 12.4
1969 . . . . . 516.8 198.5 155.4 20.9 64.9 25.1 47.9 6.0 1.7 12.7
1970 . . . . . 492.7 198.6 147.7 21.3 62.2 24.3 41.7 5.5 2.0 13.1
1971 . . . . . 492.9 199.3 147.6 21.8 60.3 23.9 38.4 5.2 2.2 13.1
1972 . . . . . 490.2 200.3 147.3 22.8 60.2 23.7 41.3 5.2 2.4 13.3
1973 . . . . . 482.0 200.0 145.2 23.6 59.3 23.0 41.2 5.0 2.6 13.1
1974 . . . . . 458.8 201.5 136.8 23.2 52.7 22.1 35.5 4.7 3.0 13.2
1975 . . . . . 431.2 200.1 123.5 23.7 50.8 20.3 34.9 4.7 3.1 13.6
1976 . . . . . 426.9 202.5 117.4 24.9 48.7 19.5 38.8 4.9 3.5 13.2
1977 . . . . . 413.7 203.5 110.4 24.7 48.8 18.2 31.0 4.8 3.8 13.7
1978 . . . . . 409.9 204.9 103.7 26.3 48.9 18.3 34.5 4.8 4.2 12.9
1979 . . . . . 401.6 204.0 97.1 25.5 46.5 17.5 26.1 8.6 4.3 12.6
1980 . . . . . 412.1 207.9 96.4 28.3 46.4 18.1 31.4 9.1 5.0 12.2
1981 . . . . . 397.0 206.4 89.5 29.0 43.4 17.6 30.0 9.1 5.4 12.3
1982 . . . . . 389.0 208.3 84.2 29.1 40.1 17.2 26.5 9.4 5.9 12.5
1983 . . . . . 388.9 209.1 81.2 31.6 39.1 17.6 29.8 9.6 6.7 12.4
1984 . . . . . 378.8 210.8 78.7 32.4 38.8 17.2 30.6 10.0 7.4 12.6
1985 . . . . . 375.0 211.3 76.6 34.5 38.5 17.4 34.5 10.4 8.3 12.5
1986 . . . . . 365.1 211.5 73.1 34.8 38.6 17.2 34.8 10.4 9.0 13.0
1987 . . . . . 355.9 211.7 71.6 35.0 38.2 17.4 33.8 10.4 9.3 12.8
1988 . . . . . 352.5 212.5 70.6 36.5 38.9 18.0 37.3 10.4 9.7 12.5
1989 . . . . . 332.0 214.2 66.9 36.6 37.7 20.5 35.9 9.6 8.8 12.3
1990 . . . . . 321.8 216.0 65.3 37.2 36.3 20.7 36.8 9.3 8.6 12.5
1991 . . . . . 312.5 215.2 62.9 37.9 34.7 20.7 34.7 9.3 8.6 12.3
1992 . . . . . 304.0 213.5 61.5 37.7 33.2 20.7 32.8 9.4 8.4 12.0
1993 . . . . . 308.1 213.5 62.7 40.7 34.2 21.9 35.0 9.7 8.6 12.1
1994 . . . . . 297.5 211.7 62.6 40.3 34.2 22.6 33.6 9.4 8.3 11.9
1995 . . . . . 293.4 209.9 63.1 40.1 34.4 23.2 33.4 9.5 8.4 11.8
1996 . . . . . 285.7 206.7 62.5 40.6 34.5 23.8 32.9 9.6 8.4 11.5
1997 . . . . . 277.7 203.4 61.1 41.1 34.2 23.7 33.3 9.8 8.6 11.2
1998 . . . . . 267.4 202.1 62.8 43.8 35.6 24.2 24.2 9.8 8.9 11.1
1999 . . . . . 266.5 200.8 61.6 45.4 35.3 25.0 23.5 13.0 11.3 10.5
2000 . . . . . 257.6 199.6 60.9 44.2 34.9 25.0 23.7 13.5 11.3 10.4
2001 . . . . . 247.8 196.0 57.9 43.7 35.7 25.3 22.0 14.0 11.4 10.7
2002 . . . . . 240.8 193.5 56.2 43.5 36.9 25.4 22.6 14.2 11.7 10.9
2003 . . . . . 232.3 190.1 53.5 43.3 37.3 25.3 22.0 14.4 11.6 10.8
2004 . . . . . 217.0 185.8 50.0 41.1 37.7 24.5 19.8 14.2 11.2 10.9
2005 . . . . . 211.1 183.8 46.6 43.2 39.1 24.6 20.3 14.3 11.2 10.9
1
Unintentional injuries.
Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, Health, United States, 2007 annual. See <http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus.htm>
and National Vital Statistics Reports (NVSR), Deaths: Final Data for 2005, annual; Vol. 56, No. 10, April 24, 2008; and unpublished
data.
2004 2005
Cause of death Age- Age-
adjusted adjusted
Number Rate rate 1 Number Rate rate 1
All causes 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,397,615 816.5 800.8 2,448,017 825.9 798.8
Major cardiovascular diseases 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 861,190 293.3 286.5 856,030 288.8 277.3
Diseases of heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652,486 222.2 217.0 652,091 220.0 211.1
Acute rheumatic fever and chronic rheumatic
heart disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,254 1.1 1.1 3,365 1.1 1.1
Hypertensive heart disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,585 9.7 9.5 29,282 9.9 9.4
Hypertensive heart and renal disease . . . . . . . . . . . 3,046 1.0 1.0 3,172 1.1 1.0
Ischemic heart disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451,326 153.7 150.2 445,687 150.4 144.4
Acute myocardial infarction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156,816 53.4 52.2 151,004 50.9 49.1
Essential (primary) hypertension and hypertensive
renal disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,076 7.9 7.7 24,902 8.4 8.0
Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,074 51.1 50.0 143,579 48.4 46.6
Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,861 4.0 3.9 11,841 4.0 3.8
Malignant neoplasms 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553,888 188.6 185.8 559,312 188.7 183.8
Malignant neoplasms of lip, oral cavity, and pharynx . . . 7,826 2.7 2.6 7,773 2.6 2.5
Malignant neoplasms of esophagus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,023 4.4 4.3 13,499 4.6 4.4
Malignant neoplasms of stomach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,859 4.0 4.0 11,514 3.9 3.8
Malignant neoplasms of colon, rectum, and anus . . . . . 53,772 18.3 18.0 53,252 18.0 17.5
Malignant neoplasms of liver and intrahepatic
bile ducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,321 5.2 5.1 16,076 5.4 5.2
Malignant neoplasms of pancreas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,772 10.8 10.6 32,760 11.1 10.8
Malignant neoplasms of trachea, bronchus, and lung . . . 158,091 53.8 53.2 159,292 53.7 52.6
Malignant melanoma of skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,952 2.7 2.7 8,345 2.8 2.7
Malignant neoplasm of breast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,316 14.1 13.8 41,491 14.0 13.5
Malignant neoplasm of ovary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,716 5.0 4.9 14,787 5.0 4.8
Malignant neoplasm of prostate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,004 9.9 9.8 28,905 9.8 9.5
Malignant neoplasms of kidney and renal pelvis . . . . . . 12,313 4.2 4.1 12,517 4.2 4.1
Malignant neoplasms of bladder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,030 4.4 4.4 13,253 4.5 4.3
Malignant neoplasms of meninges, brain, and other
parts of central nervous system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,829 4.4 4.3 13,152 4.4 4.3
Malignant neoplasms of lymphoid, hematopoietic,
and related tissue 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,645 18.6 18.4 55,028 18.6 18.2
Non-Hodgkins’ lymphoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,938 7.1 7.0 20,873 7.0 6.9
Leukemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,395 7.3 7.2 21,623 7.3 7.1
Accidents (unintentional injuries) 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112,012 38.1 37.7 117,809 39.7 39.1
Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,933 15.3 15.2 45,343 15.3 15.2
Falls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,807 6.4 6.3 19,656 6.6 6.4
Accidental drowning and submersion . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,308 1.1 1.1 3,582 1.2 1.2
Accidental exposure to smoke, fire, and flames. . . . . . . 3,229 1.1 1.1 3,197 1.1 1.1
Accidental poisoning and exposure to noxious
substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,950 7.1 7.1 23,618 8.0 7.9
Chronic lower respiratory diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,987 41.5 41.1 130,933 44.2 43.2
Emphysema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,639 4.6 4.6 14,002 4.7 4.6
Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,816 1.3 1.3 3,884 1.3 1.3
Other chronic lower respiratory diseases . . . . . . . . . . . 103,759 35.3 35.0 112,181 37.8 37.0
Influenza and pneumonia 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,664 20.3 19.8 63,001 21.3 20.3
Pneumonia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,564 19.9 19.4 61,189 20.6 19.7
Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,373 11.4 11.2 34,136 11.5 11.2
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease . . . . . . . . . 13,063 4.4 4.5 12,543 4.2 4.2
Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,575 1.6 1.5 4,624 1.6 1.5
Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,138 24.9 24.5 75,119 25.3 24.6
Parkinson’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,989 6.1 6.1 19,544 6.6 6.4
Alzheimer’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,965 22.5 21.8 71,599 24.2 22.9
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,013 9.2 9.0 27,530 9.3 9.0
Cholelithiasis and other disorders of gallbladder . . . . . . . . 3,086 1.1 1.0 3,072 1.0 1.0
Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis 2 . . . . . . . . 42,480 14.5 14.2 43,901 14.8 14.3
Renal failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,732 14.2 13.9 42,868 14.5 14.0
Intentional self-harm (suicide) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,439 11.0 10.9 32,637 11.0 10.9
Intentional self-harm (suicide) by discharge of firearms. . 16,750 5.7 5.6 17,002 5.7 5.7
Intentional self-harm (suicide) by other and
unspecified means and their sequelae . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,689 5.3 5.3 15,635 5.3 5.2
Assault (homicide) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,357 5.9 5.9 18,124 6.1 6.1
Events of undetermined intent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,976 1.7 1.7 4,742 1.6 1.6
Injury by firearms 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,569 10.1 10.0 30,694 10.4 10.2
Drug-induced deaths 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,711 10.5 10.4 33,541 11.3 11.3
Alcohol-induced deaths 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,081 7.2 7.0 21,634 7.3 7.0
Injury at work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,157 2.2 2.2 5,113 2.2 2.1
1 2 3
See headnote, Table 104. Includes other causes not shown separately. Included in selected categories.
Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics Reports (NVSR), Deaths: Final Data for 2005, Vol.
56, No. 10, April 24, 2008.
[Deaths are classified according to the Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases. See Appendix III]
Diseases of heart 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652,091 358 151 252 1,119 3,249 12,688 38,103 65,208 96,729 190,693 243,504
Hypertensive heart disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,282 2 − 3 36 328 1,368 3,293 3,954 3,806 6,370 10,119
Ischemic heart diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445,687 13 7 14 151 1,014 6,860 25,310 46,799 70,121 134,435 160,935
Acute myocardial infarction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151,004 11 2 7 68 392 2,734 10,070 18,553 26,674 45,449 47,041
Essential (primary) hypertension and hypertensive renal disease . . . . . . 24,902 2 − 3 22 84 406 1,166 1,954 3,306 7,256 10,703
Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,579 126 62 95 196 546 2,260 6,381 10,028 18,839 46,859 58,183
Influenza and pneumonia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,001 265 110 106 172 354 934 2,183 3,422 6,623 18,563 30,267
Chronic lower respiratory diseases 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,933 33 56 104 148 258 890 3,977 12,747 29,910 50,333 32,473
Emphysema. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,002 2 1 − − 8 77 444 1,677 3,749 5,400 2,643
Pneumonitis due to solids and liquids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,279 17 8 13 43 66 172 476 833 1,741 5,558 8,352
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,530 10 1 2 23 311 2,688 7,517 7,126 5,066 3,781 1,002
Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,901 159 16 23 91 285 742 2,028 4,141 7,320 14,403 14,693
Renal failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,868 151 13 19 79 261 705 1,973 4,025 7,165 14,102 14,375
Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,549 14,423 58 26 18 6 6 6 2 − 1 −
Accidents (unintentional injuries) 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,809 1,083 1,664 2,415 15,753 13,997 16,919 18,339 10,853 8,632 13,854 14,243
Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,343 146 617 1,447 10,908 7,239 6,748 6,397 4,454 3,110 2,991 1,280
Falls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,656 16 34 32 236 295 607 1,181 1,451 2,319 5,957 7,526
Accidental poisoning and exposure to noxious substances . . . . . . . . 23,618 20 21 51 2,484 4,386 6,729 6,983 2,007 435 317 179
Intentional self-harm (suicide) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,637 (X) (X) 272 4,212 4,990 6,550 6,991 4,210 2,344 2,200 860
By discharge of firearms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,002 (X) (X) 84 1,962 2,269 2,855 3,472 2,470 1,669 1,649 571
By other and unspecified means and their sequelae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,635 (X) (X) 188 2,250 2,721 3,695 3,519 1,740 675 551 289
Assault (homicide) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,124 306 375 341 5,466 4,752 3,109 2,060 862 440 283 109
1 2
− Represents zero. X Not applicable. Includes persons with age not stated, not shown separately. Includes other causes, not shown separately.
Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics Reports (NVSR), Deaths: Final Data for 2005, Vol. 56, No. 10, April 24, 2008.
85
Table 115. Deaths and Death Rates by Leading Causes of Death and Age: 2005
[Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. Data are based on the tenth revision of the International Classification of Dis-
eases (ICD). Numbers are based on weighted data rounded to the nearest individual, so categories may not add to totals. See Appen-
dix III]
Age and cause of death Number Rate Age and cause of death Number Rate
1
ALL AGES Malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,566 33.2
Diseases of heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,688 28.9
All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,448,017 825.9 Intentional self-harm (suicide) . . . . . . . 6,550 14.9
Diseases of heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652,091 220.0 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . 559,312 188.7 disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,363 9.9
Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . 143,579 48.4 Assault (homicide) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,109 7.1
Chronic lower respiratory diseases . . . 130,933 44.2 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis . . . 2,688 6.1
Accidents (unintentional injuries) . . . . . 117,809 39.7 Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . 2,260 5.2
Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,119 25.3 Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,045 4.7
Alzheimer’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,599 24.2 Chronic lower respiratory diseases . . . 890 2.0
Influenza and pneumonia. . . . . . . . . . 63,001 21.3
Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and 45 TO 54 YEARS
nephrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 43,901 14.8
Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 34,136 11.5 All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183,530 432.0
Malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,405 118.6
1 TO 4 YEARS Diseases of heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,103 89.7
Accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,339 43.2
All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4,756 29.4 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis . . . 7,517 17.7
Accidents (unintentional injuries) . . . .. 1,664 10.3 Intentional self-harm (suicide) . . . . . . . 6,991 16.5
Congenital malformations, Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . 6,381 15.0
deformations, and chromosomal Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,691 13.4
abnormalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522 3.2 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 2.3 disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,516 10.6
Assault (homicide) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375 2.3 Chronic lower respiratory diseases . . . 3,977 9.4
Diseases of heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 0.9 Viral hepatitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,314 5.4
Influenza and pneumonia. . . . . . . . . . 110 0.7
Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 0.5 55 TO 64 YEARS
Certain conditions originating in the
perinatal period . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 58 0.4 All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275,301 906.9
In situ neoplasms 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 52 0.3 Malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,240 326.9
Chronic lower respiratory diseases . .. 56 0.3 Diseases of heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,208 214.8
Chronic lower respiratory diseases . . . 12,747 42.0
5 to 14 YEARS Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,301 37.2
Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . 10,853 35.8
All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 6,602 16.3 Accidents (unintentional injuries) . . . . . 10,028 33.0
Accidents (unintentional injuries) . . ... 2,415 6.0 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis . . . 7,126 23.5
Malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . . . ... 1,000 2.5 Intentional self-harm (suicide) . . . . . . . 4,210 13.9
Congenital malformations, Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and
deformations, and chromosomal nephrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 4,141 13.6
abnormalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396 1.0 Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 3,912 12.9
Assault (homicide) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 0.8
Intentional self-harm (suicide) . . . . . . . 272 0.7 65 TO 74 YEARS
Diseases of heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 0.6
Influenza and pneumonia. . . . . . . . . . 106 0.3 All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398,355 2,137.1
Chronic lower respiratory diseases . . . 104 0.3 Malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . 138,446 742.7
Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . 95 0.2 Diseases of heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,729 518.9
Chronic lower respiratory diseases . . . 29,910 160.5
15 TO 24 YEARS Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . 18,839 101.1
Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,183 86.8
All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,234 81.4 Accidents (unintentional injuries) . . . . . 8,632 46.3
Accidents (unintentional injuries) . . . . . 15,753 37.4 Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and
Assault (homicide) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,466 13.0 nephrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,320 39.3
Intentional self-harm (suicide) . . . . . . . 4,212 10.0 Influenza and pneumonia. . . . . . . . . . 6,623 35.5
Malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,717 4.1 Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,073 32.6
Diseases of heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,119 2.7 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis . . . 5,066 27.2
Congenital malformations,
deformations, and chromosomal 75 TO 84 YEARS
abnormalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504 1.2
Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . 196 0.5 All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686,665 5,260.0
Influenza and pneumonia. . . . . . . . . . 172 0.4 Diseases of heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190,693 1,460.8
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . 166,421 1,274.8
disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 0.4 Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . 50,333 385.6
Chronic lower respiratory diseases . . . 148 0.4 Chronic lower respiratory diseases . . . 46,859 359.0
Alzheimer’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,139 177.3
25 TO 34 YEARS Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,136 177.2
Influenza and pneumonia. . . . . . . . . . 18,563 142.2
All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,925 104.4 Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and
Accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,997 34.9 nephrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 14,403 110.3
Intentional self-harm (suicide) . . . . . . . 4,990 12.4 Accidents (unintentional injuries) . . ... 13,854 106.1
Assault (homicide) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,752 11.8 Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 10,626 81.4
Malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,601 9.0
Diseases of heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,249 8.1 85 YEARS AND OVER
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,318 3.3 All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703,169 13,798.6
Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617 1.5 Diseases of heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243,504 4,778.4
Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . 546 1.4 Malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,455 1,637.7
Congenital malformations, Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . 58,183 1,141.8
deformations, and chromosomal Alzheimer’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,906 861.6
abnormalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 1.1 Chronic lower respiratory diseases . . . 32,473 637.2
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis . . . 311 0.8 Influenza and pneumonia. . . . . . . . . . 30,267 593.9
Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,903 312.1
35 TO 44 YEARS Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and
nephrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 14,693 288.3
All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,785 193.3 Accidents (unintentional injuries) . . ... 14,243 279.5
Accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,919 38.6 Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 9,544 187.3
1 2
Includes deaths under 1 year of age. Includes benign neoplasms and neoplasms of uncertain or unknown behavior.
Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics Reports (NVSR), Deaths: Final Data for 2005 Vol.
56, No. 10, April 24, 2008.
Accidents
State Chronic Alz- Influ- Nephritis,
and Malignant lower Motor hei- enza nephrotic
island neo- Cerebro- respira- vehicle mer’s and syndrome
area Diseases plasms vascular tory acci- Diabetes dis- pneu- and
Total of heart (cancer) diseases diseases Total dents mellitus ease monia nephrosis
U.S. . . . . 825.9 220.0 188.7 48.4 44.2 39.7 15.3 25.3 24.2 21.3 14.8
AL . . . . . . . 1,033.2 282.4 217.5 64.8 52.3 52.5 26.1 31.4 32.9 22.2 22.7
AK. . . . . . . 477.4 94.5 110.3 26.8 23.8 47.2 14.0 14.0 9.2 6.6 5.7
AZ . . . . . . . 771.6 184.6 165.3 39.8 47.5 53.0 20.2 20.3 30.8 21.8 10.2
AR. . . . . . . 1,009.5 272.6 228.9 66.5 56.1 47.8 25.0 29.6 24.7 31.9 22.5
CA. . . . . . . 656.0 179.7 151.5 43.1 36.5 30.8 12.3 21.3 21.3 20.9 6.9
CO . . . . . . 635.1 135.2 137.1 34.3 41.0 41.7 14.4 16.1 22.8 14.3 10.1
CT. . . . . . . 839.4 217.9 200.9 43.5 41.9 32.3 8.3 23.1 22.1 27.2 16.5
DE. . . . . . . 885.8 240.8 213.3 45.5 48.7 34.7 14.1 27.6 21.3 19.2 15.2
DC . . . . . . 996.0 275.7 209.1 42.0 24.0 37.6 6.9 34.9 20.3 17.8 12.4
FL . . . . . . . 960.0 260.1 228.2 52.6 53.3 49.8 19.8 29.2 25.9 15.8 13.6
GA . . . . . . 735.6 185.0 158.3 42.5 37.6 41.5 18.6 19.2 19.2 17.6 16.8
HI . . . . . . . 716.4 181.9 170.1 54.0 22.5 34.2 11.1 17.1 15.1 18.9 11.8
ID . . . . . . . 738.6 171.4 165.7 50.2 50.2 42.4 19.8 20.9 28.5 20.2 7.7
IL . . . . . . . 814.6 221.1 190.0 49.0 39.7 32.8 11.5 23.8 22.1 23.1 18.8
IN . . . . . . . 887.7 231.9 204.0 52.6 55.3 39.5 15.5 27.4 26.3 21.0 20.5
IA . . . . . . . 937.6 250.7 217.5 64.1 57.4 40.5 15.8 24.5 36.5 30.2 8.4
KS. . . . . . . 899.3 217.1 197.8 57.2 57.1 41.9 18.1 25.9 33.2 26.6 18.8
KY. . . . . . . 963.8 258.4 227.8 51.9 61.8 57.6 24.0 28.4 27.5 24.5 21.9
LA . . . . . . . 980.5 243.3 204.5 54.6 42.1 67.9 22.7 37.5 31.1 22.0 26.2
ME . . . . . . 973.7 222.5 243.5 52.4 62.8 43.8 14.5 29.1 36.0 26.6 18.9
MD . . . . . . 783.7 207.0 185.2 44.2 34.1 24.6 11.2 24.8 17.1 21.3 13.4
MA . . . . . . 841.9 207.5 206.0 46.5 41.4 29.8 7.6 19.9 25.6 30.2 22.0
MI . . . . . . . 858.3 248.3 198.5 50.0 44.1 34.1 12.2 28.1 23.3 19.3 16.6
MN . . . . . . 731.3 154.4 171.9 46.3 38.3 37.4 12.5 24.5 25.7 16.5 13.0
MS . . . . . . 999.5 295.7 207.6 55.5 50.4 66.3 33.0 23.2 24.7 22.1 22.8
MO . . . . . . 942.3 258.2 214.1 57.7 53.2 49.1 20.7 26.7 28.2 26.3 19.9
MT . . . . . . 911.4 198.3 209.0 55.8 62.0 56.0 25.2 30.5 28.5 22.8 11.6
NE. . . . . . . 850.8 207.0 190.8 56.1 54.0 40.0 16.3 25.5 26.9 21.0 13.9
NV. . . . . . . 788.0 210.9 175.5 39.1 50.8 45.7 19.0 13.9 12.8 18.8 18.1
NH . . . . . . 778.2 193.1 194.6 37.9 48.1 36.4 12.4 23.7 28.7 20.8 13.2
NJ . . . . . . . 825.5 236.9 197.0 41.5 36.1 29.4 8.7 29.1 20.8 18.8 18.3
NM . . . . . . 777.0 178.1 162.9 37.9 44.3 65.7 23.9 30.9 17.0 18.3 12.4
NY. . . . . . . 791.6 270.0 184.7 34.4 35.4 24.1 7.9 21.0 10.7 28.7 12.3
NC . . . . . . 859.6 204.6 192.6 56.0 47.8 47.5 19.2 26.0 27.8 21.1 18.0
ND . . . . . . 902.2 237.5 204.5 57.8 42.7 45.1 20.4 32.0 45.1 27.0 10.5
OH . . . . . . 951.1 253.0 215.5 54.8 57.4 38.7 12.2 33.1 30.3 21.1 16.6
OK . . . . . . 1,019.8 283.1 209.9 63.0 66.7 56.5 23.5 34.3 28.5 26.7 15.9
OR . . . . . . 853.9 186.5 201.2 62.9 50.5 40.3 14.1 31.6 34.0 16.9 8.1
PA . . . . . . . 1,042.1 291.3 238.3 61.5 49.5 43.8 14.2 28.6 27.6 24.7 25.0
RI . . . . . . . 929.9 279.2 213.0 49.5 48.6 31.0 8.1 26.2 27.7 23.5 14.5
SC. . . . . . . 909.7 219.9 203.3 57.8 46.5 53.4 25.2 27.9 30.9 18.1 19.3
SD. . . . . . . 913.2 228.9 207.7 65.9 56.7 51.8 22.7 31.1 37.4 31.1 7.1
TN. . . . . . . 960.3 250.6 217.9 61.4 53.4 52.8 21.9 30.9 34.1 26.6 12.1
TX . . . . . . . 684.4 175.6 150.0 41.0 34.9 37.6 16.5 24.5 20.2 16.0 11.9
UT. . . . . . . 543.9 116.3 102.0 32.2 24.0 30.1 12.9 21.9 14.9 13.5 7.2
VT . . . . . . . 813.1 198.1 192.9 41.7 61.2 43.7 13.2 27.8 29.5 15.6 8.3
VA . . . . . . . 764.5 187.5 183.4 48.6 38.3 34.9 12.8 21.7 20.5 19.3 16.9
WA . . . . . . 734.8 174.7 175.7 46.0 42.9 40.4 12.1 24.7 36.7 14.7 7.2
WV . . . . . . 1,143.7 304.8 254.1 63.4 74.3 51.7 22.2 42.2 27.7 25.2 24.3
WI . . . . . . . 843.7 213.9 197.7 53.5 44.2 45.0 15.7 23.0 27.3 22.9 16.8
WY . . . . . . 804.8 186.9 174.0 43.4 57.1 59.3 30.4 25.5 21.6 23.4 13.0
PR . . . . . 754.9 156.2 123.6 39.0 31.1 28.6 10.9 71.3 35.7 27.6 24.1
VI . . . . . 609.9 188.6 114.1 34.0 (S) 22.1 (S) 38.6 (S) (S) (S)
GU . . . . . 401.6 123.4 56.4 36.8 12.5 26.7 14.8 20.2 (S) (S) (S)
AS . . . . . 436.1 72.1 57.7 36.9 33.7 (S) (S) 51.3 (S) (S) (S)
MP . . . . . 231.5 52.3 33.6 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)
S Figure does not meet standards of reliability or precision.
Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics Reports (NVSR), Deaths: Final Data for 2005, Vol.
56, No. 10, April 24, 2008.
Characteristic 1980 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Total, age adjusted. . . . . . . 412.1 321.8 293.4 257.6 247.8 240.8 232.3 217.0 211.1
Total, crude . . . . . . . . . . . . 336.0 289.5 277.0 252.6 245.8 241.7 235.6 222.2 220.0
Under 1 year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.8 20.1 17.4 13.0 11.9 12.4 11.0 10.3 8.7
1 to 4 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 1.9 1.6 1.2 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.2 0.9
5 to 14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
15 to 24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 2.5 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.7
25 to 34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 7.6 8.2 7.4 8.0 7.9 8.2 7.9 8.1
35 to 44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.6 31.4 31.8 29.2 29.6 30.5 30.7 29.3 28.9
45 to 54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180.2 120.5 109.6 94.2 92.9 93.7 92.5 90.2 89.7
55 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494.1 367.3 320.1 261.2 246.9 241.5 233.2 218.8 214.8
65 to 74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,218.6 894.3 795.4 665.6 635.1 615.9 585.0 541.6 518.9
75 to 84 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,993.1 2,295.7 2,050.5 1,780.3 1,725.7 1,677.2 1,611.1 1,506.3 1,460.8
85 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . 7,777.1 6,739.9 6,391.5 5,926.1 5,664.2 5,446.8 5,278.4 4,895.9 4,778.4
Male, age adjusted . . . . . . . . 538.9 412.4 371.0 320.0 305.4 297.4 286.6 267.9 260.9
White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539.6 409.2 367.0 316.7 301.8 294.1 282.9 264.6 258.0
Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561.4 485.4 451.3 392.5 384.5 371.0 364.3 342.1 329.8
American Indian, Alaska Native. . . 320.5 264.1 256.4 222.2 200.7 201.2 203.2 182.7 173.2
Asian, Pacific Islander . . . . . . . . . 286.9 220.7 214.5 185.5 169.8 169.8 158.3 146.5 141.1
Hispanic origin 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 270.0 260.8 238.2 232.6 219.8 206.8 193.9 192.4
Non-Hispanic, White 1 . . . . . . . . . (NA) 413.6 369.1 319.9 304.8 297.7 286.9 268.7 262.2
Male, crude. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368.6 297.6 278.5 249.8 242.5 240.7 235.0 222.8 221.1
Under 1 year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.5 21.9 17.7 13.3 11.8 12.9 12.1 10.9 9.4
1 to 4 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0
5 to 14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6
15 to 24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 3.1 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.6
25 to 34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 10.3 11.0 9.6 10.3 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.8
35 to 44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.7 48.1 46.9 41.4 41.7 43.1 42.8 40.9 40.7
45 to 54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282.6 183.0 166.1 140.2 136.6 138.4 136.2 132.3 131.5
55 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746.8 537.3 460.1 371.7 349.8 343.4 331.7 312.8 306.9
65 to 74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,728.0 1,250.0 1,095.3 898.3 851.3 827.1 785.3 723.8 692.3
75 to 84 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,834.3 2,968.2 2,622.9 2,248.1 2,177.3 2,110.1 2,030.3 1,893.6 1,829.4
85 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . 8,752.7 7,418.4 6,993.5 6,430.0 6,040.5 5,823.5 5,621.5 5,239.3 5,143.4
Female, age adjusted. . . . . . . 320.8 257.0 236.6 210.9 203.9 197.2 190.3 177.3 172.3
White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315.9 250.9 230.8 205.6 198.7 192.1 185.4 172.9 168.2
Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378.6 327.5 304.0 277.6 269.8 263.2 253.8 236.5 228.3
American Indian, Alaska Native. . . 175.4 153.1 164.8 143.6 127.0 123.6 127.5 119.9 115.9
Asian, Pacific Islander . . . . . . . . . 132.3 149.2 137.6 115.7 112.9 108.1 104.2 96.1 91.9
Hispanic origin 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 177.2 173.8 163.7 161.0 149.7 145.8 130.0 129.1
Non-Hispanic, White 1 . . . . . . . . . (NA) 252.6 231.5 206.8 200.0 193.7 187.1 175.1 170.3
Female, crude . . . . . . . . . . . . 305.1 281.8 275.5 255.3 249.0 242.7 236.2 221.6 218.9
Under 1 year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.0 18.3 17.0 12.5 12.0 11.8 9.8 9.7 8.0
1 to 4 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 1.9 1.5 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.3 1.2 0.9
5 to 14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6
15 to 24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 1.8 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.7 2.1 1.7 1.7
25 to 34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 5.0 5.4 5.2 5.6 5.2 5.7 5.2 5.3
35 to 44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.4 15.1 17.0 17.2 17.6 18.0 18.6 17.7 17.1
45 to 54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.5 61.0 55.4 49.8 50.7 50.6 50.2 49.6 49.2
55 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272.1 215.7 192.6 159.3 151.8 147.2 141.9 131.5 129.1
65 to 74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 828.6 616.8 554.9 474.0 455.9 440.1 417.5 388.6 372.7
75 to 84 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,497.0 1,893.8 1,692.7 1,475.1 1,428.9 1,389.7 1,331.1 1,245.6 1,210.5
85 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . 7,350.5 6,478.1 6,159.6 5,720.9 5,506.8 5,283.3 5,126.7 4,741.5 4,610.8
1
NA Not available. Persons of Hispanic origin may be any race. Data for 1995 exclude data from states lacking an
Hispanic-origin item on their death certificates.
Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, Health, United States, 2007, <http://www.cdc/gov/nchs/hus.htm>.
Table 118. Death Rates from Cerebrovascular Diseases by Sex and Age:
1990 to 2005
[Rates per 100,000 population. See headnote, Tables 104 and 112. See Appendix III]
Under 1 year old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 2.4 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8
1 to 4 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.3
5 to 14 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5
15 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.0 4.1 4.1
25 to 34 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6 9.8 10.1 9.7 9.4 9.1 9.0
35 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.3 36.6 36.8 35.8 35.0 33.4 33.2
45 to 54 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158.9 127.5 126.5 123.8 122.2 119.0 118.6
55 to 64 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449.6 366.7 356.5 351.1 343.0 333.4 326.9
65 to 74 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 872.3 816.3 802.8 792.1 770.3 755.1 742.7
75 to 84 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,348.5 1,335.6 1,315.8 1,311.9 1,302.5 1,280.4 1,274.8
85 years old and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,752.9 1,819.4 1,765.6 1,723.9 1,698.2 1,653.3 1,637.7
AGE-ADJUSTED RATES
All ages, age adjusted . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.1 41.3 41.0 41.6 41.3 40.9 40.5
All ages, crude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.4 45.4 45.3 46.0 46.1 45.9 45.9
Under 25 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)
25 to 34 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3
35 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 5.3 5.7 5.8 5.1 5.2 5.1
45 to 54 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 25.0 24.3 24.3 24.4 24.2 24.5
55 to 64 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.0 93.3 90.5 88.8 87.1 83.9 80.7
65 to 74 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177.6 206.9 204.9 207.7 204.8 205.0 199.6
75 to 84 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190.1 265.6 267.5 277.8 279.4 277.0 280.9
85 years old and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138.1 212.8 215.0 217.0 221.0 221.3 226.2
B Base figure too small to meet statistical standards for reliability of a derived figure. Z Less than 0.05. 1 Excludes data
from states lacking an Hispanic-origin item on their death certificates. See text, this section. Persons of Hispanic origin may be any
race.
Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, Health, United States, 2007. See <http:www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus07
.pdf#listtables>.
All ages, crude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4 10.4 10.8 11.0 10.8 11.0 11.0
Under 1 year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)
1 to 4 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)
5 to 14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7
15 to 24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2 10.2 9.9 9.9 9.7 10.3 10.0
25 to 34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.2 12.0 12.8 12.6 12.7 12.7 12.4
35 to 44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.3 14.5 14.7 15.3 14.9 15.0 14.9
45 to 54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.8 14.4 15.2 15.7 15.9 16.6 16.5
55 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.0 12.1 13.1 13.6 13.8 13.8 13.9
65 to 74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.9 12.5 13.3 13.5 12.7 12.3 12.6
75 to 84 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.9 17.6 17.4 17.7 16.4 16.3 16.9
85 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.2 19.6 17.5 18.0 16.9 16.4 16.9
AGE ADJUSTED
Table 121. Death Rates from Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Disease by
Selected Characteristics: 1990 to 2005
[Rates per 100,000 population. Beginning 2000, cause of death is coded according to ICD 10; for explanation, see text this
section. For explanation of age adjustment, see headnote, Table 102. See Appendix III]
AGE ADJUSTED
Alabama . . . . . . . 43.1 45.0 39.6 10.6 10.3 8.6 25.3 23.5 22.1 6.1 5.4 4.8
Alaska . . . . . . . . 5.7 5.6 5.3 10.2 8.9 7.8 2.9 2.7 3.0 5.5 4.4 4.4
Arizona 5 . . . . . . . 36.8 38.7 39.0 10.0 7.9 6.3 25.1 21.6 24.3 6.9 4.4 3.9
Arkansas. . . . . . . 36.0 41.1 34.3 15.3 16.0 12.2 16.8 17.9 16.2 6.9 6.9 5.7
California. . . . . . . 237.1 196.9 216.0 7.9 5.9 6.0 128.0 (NA) (NA) 4.3 (NA) (NA)
Colorado . . . .... 32.4 35.6 36.1 9.8 8.6 7.6 18.4 (NA) 21.1 5.5 (NA) 4.4
Connecticut . .... 26.0 19.4 17.4 7.9 5.9 5.0 10.3 6.5 9.8 3.2 2.0 2.8
Delaware. . . .... 5.6 5.1 5.2 8.4 6.7 6.0 3.0 3.2 3.8 4.4 4.2 4.5
District of
Columbia . . .... 5.0 2.8 2.3 8.2 5.4 3.9 2.7 1.5 1.3 4.5 3.0 2.1
Florida . . . . .... 141.8 141.9 155.5 10.9 9.3 8.6 81.7 81.9 87.8 6.3 5.3 4.9
Georgia . . . . . . . 66.8 56.0 66.5 10.3 7.1 7.1 35.7 30.7 (NA) 5.5 3.9 (NA)
Hawaii . . . . . . . . 18.3 25.0 28.7 16.4 21.2 22.4 5.2 4.6 (NA) 4.6 3.9 (NA)
Idaho . . . . . . . . . 14.1 14.0 14.8 13.9 11.0 10.1 6.6 6.9 7.5 6.5 5.4 5.1
Illinois . . . . . . . . . 100.6 85.5 78.0 8.8 7.0 6.1 44.3 39.1 32.2 3.8 3.2 2.5
Indiana . . . . . . . . 53.2 34.5 50.9 9.6 5.8 8.1 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
Iowa . . . . . . . . . . 24.9 20.3 20.0 9.0 7.0 6.7 11.1 9.4 8.0 3.9 3.3 2.7
Kansas . . . . . . . . 22.7 22.2 18.9 9.2 8.3 6.8 12.6 10.6 9.2 5.0 4.0 3.3
Kentucky . . . . . . . 49.8 39.7 36.9 13.5 10.0 8.8 21.8 21.6 21.5 5.8 5.4 5.1
Louisiana . . . . . . 40.4 40.5 (NA) 9.6 9.3 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
Maine . . . . . . . . . 11.9 10.5 9.7 9.7 8.3 7.4 5.3 5.8 4.8 4.3 4.6 3.6
Maryland . . . . . . . 46.3 40.0 36.5 9.7 7.7 6.5 16.1 17.0 17.0 3.4 3.3 3.0
Massachusetts . . . 47.7 37.0 38.5 7.9 6.0 6.0 16.8 18.6 14.6 2.8 3.0 2.3
Michigan . . . . . . . 76.1 66.4 59.2 8.2 6.7 5.9 40.2 39.4 35.6 4.3 4.0 3.5
Minnesota . . . . . . 33.7 33.4 30.9 7.7 6.9 6.0 15.4 14.8 (NA) 3.5 3.1 (NA)
Mississippi. . . . . . 24.3 19.7 16.9 9.4 7.1 5.8 14.4 14.4 13.7 5.5 5.2 4.7
Missouri . . . . . . . 49.1 43.7 40.7 9.6 7.9 7.0 26.4 26.5 22.9 5.1 4.8 3.9
Montana . . . . . . . 6.9 6.6 6.8 8.6 7.4 7.1 4.1 2.1 3.4 5.1 2.4 3.6
Nebraska . . . . . . 12.6 13.0 12.0 8.0 7.8 6.8 6.5 6.4 6.2 4.0 3.8 3.5
Nevada . . . . . . . . 120.6 144.3 131.8 99.0 76.7 52.9 13.3 18.1 16.7 11.4 9.6 6.7
New Hampshire . . 10.5 11.6 9.3 9.5 9.5 7.1 5.3 7.1 5.3 4.7 5.8 4.0
New Jersey . . . . . 58.7 50.4 42.4 7.6 6.1 4.9 23.6 25.6 25.8 3.0 3.1 3.0
New Mexico 5 . . . 13.3 14.5 13.4 8.8 8.3 6.9 7.7 9.2 8.4 4.9 5.3 4.3
New York 5 . . . . . 154.8 162.0 127.4 8.6 8.9 6.6 57.9 62.8 55.6 3.2 3.4 2.9
North Carolina . . . 51.9 65.6 55.3 7.8 8.5 6.2 34.0 36.9 36.4 5.1 4.8 4.1
North Dakota . . . . 4.8 4.6 4.3 7.5 7.3 6.8 2.3 2.0 1.7 3.6 3.2 2.6
Ohio . . . . . . . . . . 98.1 88.5 73.1 9.0 7.9 6.4 51.0 49.3 41.0 4.7 4.4 3.6
Oklahoma . . . . . . 33.2 15.6 26.3 10.6 4.6 7.3 24.9 12.4 19.0 7.7 3.7 5.3
Oregon . . . . . . . . 25.3 26.0 26.9 8.9 7.8 7.3 15.9 16.7 14.2 5.5 5.0 3.9
Pennsylvania . . . . 84.9 73.2 68.6 7.1 6.1 5.5 40.1 37.9 27.4 3.3 3.2 2.2
Rhode Island . . . . 8.1 8.0 6.9 8.1 8.0 6.5 3.8 3.1 3.1 3.7 3.1 2.9
South Carolina . . . 55.8 42.7 32.8 15.9 10.9 7.6 16.1 14.4 12.8 4.5 3.7 3.0
South Dakota . . . . 7.7 7.1 6.3 11.1 9.6 8.0 2.6 2.7 2.5 3.7 3.6 3.2
Tennessee. . . . . . 68.0 88.2 64.0 13.9 15.9 10.5 32.3 33.8 25.9 6.5 6.1 4.3
Texas . . . . . . . . . 178.6 196.4 175.0 10.5 9.6 7.5 94.0 85.2 78.1 5.5 4.2 3.3
Utah . . . . . . . . . . 19.4 24.1 23.7 11.2 11.1 9.2 8.8 9.7 9.9 5.1 4.5 3.8
Vermont . . . . . . . 6.1 6.1 5.4 10.9 10.2 8.7 2.6 5.1 2.2 4.5 8.6 3.5
Virginia . . . . . . . . 71.0 62.4 60.8 11.4 9.0 8.0 27.3 30.2 31.1 4.4 4.3 4.1
Washington . . . . . 46.6 40.9 41.0 9.5 7.0 6.4 28.8 27.2 24.0 5.9 4.7 3.8
West Virginia . . . . 13.0 15.7 13.1 7.2 8.7 7.3 9.7 9.3 8.5 5.3 5.2 4.7
Wisconsin . . . . . . 38.9 36.1 32.6 7.9 6.8 5.8 17.8 17.6 16.0 3.6 3.3 2.9
Wyoming. . . . . . . 4.9 4.9 5.0 10.7 10.3 9.8 3.1 2.8 2.7 6.6 5.9 5.4
NA Not available. 1 Data are counts of marriages performed, except as noted. 2 Based on total population residing in area;
3
population enumerated as of April 1 for 1990 and 2000; estimated as of July 1 for all other years. Includes annulments.
4
U.S. total for the number of divorces is an estimate which includes states not reporting. Beginning 2000, divorce rates based
5
solely on the combined counts and populations for reporting states and the District of Columbia. Some figures for marriages
are marriage licenses issued.
Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, Births, Marriages, Divorces, and Deaths: Provisional Data for 2006, annual;
Volume 55, Number 20, August 28, 2007; and prior reports.
This section presents statistics on health durables; nursing home care and other
expenditures and insurance coverage, personal health expenditures; plus other
including Medicare and Medicaid, medical health expenditures such as public health
personnel, hospitals, nursing homes and activities, administration, and the net cost
other care facilities, injuries, diseases, dis- of private health insurance; plus medical
ability status, nutritional intake of the sector investment, the sum of noncom-
population, and food consumption. Sum- mercial medical research and capital for-
mary statistics showing recent trends on mation in medical sector structures and
health care and discussions of selected equipment; and by source of funding
health issues are published annually by (e.g., private health insurance, out-of-
the U.S. National Center for Health Statis- pocket payments, and a range of public
tics (NCHS) in Health, United States. Data programs including Medicare, Medicaid,
on national health expenditures, medical and those operated by the U.S. Depart-
costs, and insurance coverage are com- ment of Veterans Affairs (VA)).
piled by the U.S. Centers for Medicare &
Medicaid Services (CMS) (formerly Health Data used to estimate health expenditures
Care Financing Administration), and come from existing sources, which are
appear on the CMS Web site at tabulated for other purposes. The type of
<http://www.cms.hhs.gov expenditure estimates rely upon statistics
/NationalHealthExpendData/> and in the produced by such groups as the AHA, the
annual Medicare and Medicaid Statistical Census Bureau, and the U.S. Department
Supplement to the Health Care Financing of Health and Human Services (HHS).
Review. Statistics on health insurance are Source of funding estimates are con-
also collected by NCHS and are published structed using administrative and statisti-
in Series 10 of Vital and Health Statistics. cal records from the Medicare and Medi-
NCHS also conducts periodic surveys of caid programs, the U.S. Department of
nutrient levels in the population, includ- Defense and VA medical programs, the
ing estimates of food and nutrient intake, Social Security Administration, Census
overweight and obesity, hypercholester- Bureau’s Governmental Finances, state
olemia, hypertension, and clinical signs of and local governments, other HHS agen-
malnutrition. Data are published in Series cies, and other nongovernment sources.
10 and 11 of Vital and Health Statistics.
Statistics on hospitals are published annu- Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP—Since
ally by the Health Forum, L.L.C.; an Ameri- July 1966, the federal Medicare program
can Hospital Association (AHA) company, has provided two coordinated plans for
in AHA Hospital Statistics. The primary nearly all people age 65 and over: (1) a
source for data on nutrition is Diet Quality hospital insurance plan, which covers
and Food Consumption, issued by the U.S. hospital and related services and (2) a vol-
Department of Agriculture. untary supplementary medical insurance
plan, financed partially by monthly premi-
National health expenditures—CMS ums paid by participants, which partly
compiles estimates of national health covers physicians’ and related medical
expenditures (NHE) to measure spending services. Such insurance also applies,
for health care in the United States. The since July 1973, to disabled beneficiaries
NHE accounts are structured to show of any age after 24 months of entitlement
spending by type of expenditure (i.e., to cash benefits under the social security
hospital care, physician and clinical care, or railroad retirement programs and to
dental care, and other professional care; persons with end stage renal disease. On
home health care; retail sales of prescrip- January 1, 2006, Medicare began to pro-
tion drugs; other medical nondurables; vide coverage for prescription drugs as
vision products and other medical mandated by the Medicare Prescription
Type of expenditure 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 714.0 1,353.3 1,469.6 1,603.4 1,732.4 1,852.3 1,973.3 2,105.5
Annual percent change 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 7.0 8.6 9.1 8.0 6.9 6.5 6.7
Percent of gross domestic product . . . . . 12.3 13.8 14.5 15.3 15.8 15.9 15.9 16.0
Private expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . 427.3 757.1 808.5 882.3 955.1 1,014.8 1,076.6 1,135.2
Health services and supplies . . . . . . . . . . 400.9 706.1 756.3 823.4 892.5 946.9 1,003.1 1,054.1
Out-of-pocket payments . . . . . . . . . . . . 136.1 192.9 200.0 211.4 224.9 234.9 247.1 256.5
Insurance premiums 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233.7 455.2 498.7 552.5 602.8 645.8 685.6 723.4
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.1 58.0 57.6 59.5 64.8 66.2 70.4 74.1
Medical research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 2.5 2.8 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.7 4.0
Medical structures and equipment 3 . . . . . . 25.4 48.5 49.4 55.9 59.3 64.5 69.8 77.1
Public expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . 286.7 596.1 661.1 721.1 777.3 837.5 896.8 970.3
Percent federal of public . . . . . . . . 67.6 70.0 70.2 70.5 70.8 71.3 71.3 72.6
Health services and supplies . . . . . . . . . . 265.8 558.3 619.9 676.0 728.1 783.7 840.6 912.1
Medicare 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.5 224.3 247.7 265.1 281.5 309.3 338.0 401.3
Public assistance medical payments 5 . . 78.7 207.5 233.2 258.3 282.0 303.2 325.2 323.7
Temporary disability insurance 6 . . . . . . 0.1 − 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Workers’ compensation (medical) 6 . . . . 17.4 24.9 28.1 30.1 31.8 32.4 32.2 33.0
Defense Dept. hospital, medical. . . . . . . 10.4 13.7 15.4 18.7 21.8 24.5 26.2 28.8
Maternal, child health programs . . . . . . . 1.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6
Public health activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.0 43.4 46.8 52.1 53.8 53.9 56.3 58.7
Veterans’ hospital, medical care. . . . . . . 10.8 18.9 20.9 22.6 26.3 27.7 29.5 31.4
Medical vocational rehabilitation. . . . . . . 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
State and local hospitals 7 . . . . . . . . . . 13.2 13.7 14.7 15.5 16.7 17.9 18.5 20.6
Other 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 8.8 9.9 10.4 11.1 11.5 11.5 11.5
Medical research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.7 23.1 26.0 29.5 32.2 35.4 36.9 37.8
Medical structures and equipment 3 . . . . . . 9.2 14.7 15.3 15.6 17.0 18.4 19.3 20.4
− Represents zero. 1 Change from immediate prior year. 2 Covers insurance benefits and amount retained by insurance
companies for expenses, additions to reserves, and profits (net cost of insurance). 3 Represents expenditures for total medical
sector acquisitions of structures and equipment including structures that house medical professionals’ offices. 4 Represents
expenditures for benefits and administrative cost from federal hospital and medical insurance trust funds under old-age, survivors,
disability, and health insurance programs; see text this section. 5 Payments made directly to suppliers of medical care (primarily
6
Medicaid). Includes medical benefits paid under public law by private insurance carriers, state governments, and
self-insurers. 7 Expenditures not offset by other revenues. 8 Covers expenditures for Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Indian Health Service, school health, and other programs.
Source: U. S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Office of the Actuary, ‘‘National Health Statistics Group’’; See also
<http://www.cms.hhs.gov/NationalHealthExpendData/>.
2007,
Object of expenditure
1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 proj.
Total . . . . . ............... 714.0 1,353.3 1,469.6 1,603.4 1,732.4 1,852.3 1,973.3 2,105.5 2,245.6
Spent by—
Consumers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369.8 648.1 698.7 763.9 827.7 880.7 932.7 980.0 1,038.7
Out-of-pocket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136.1 192.9 200.0 211.4 224.9 234.9 247.1 256.5 269.3
Private insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233.7 455.2 498.7 552.5 602.8 645.8 685.6 723.4 769.4
Public. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286.7 596.1 661.1 721.1 777.3 837.5 896.8 970.3 1,038.8
Other 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.5 109.0 109.7 118.4 127.4 134.1 143.9 155.3 168.1
Spent for—
Health services and supplies . . . . . . . . . 666.7 1,264.4 1,376.2 1,499.4 1,620.7 1,730.6 1,843.6 1,966.2 2,095.5
Personal health care expenses . . . . . . 607.5 1,139.9 1,239.0 1,340.8 1,445.9 1,547.7 1,653.7 1,762.0 1,877.6
Hospital care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251.6 417.0 451.4 488.6 525.4 564.4 605.5 648.2 696.7
Physician and clinical services . . . . . 157.5 288.6 313.2 337.9 366.7 393.6 422.6 447.6 473.0
Dental services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.5 62.0 67.5 73.3 76.9 81.5 86.6 91.5 96.9
Other professional services 2 . . . . . . 18.2 39.1 42.8 45.6 49.0 52.4 56.2 58.9 61.7
Home health care . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6 30.5 32.2 34.2 38.0 42.7 47.9 52.7 57.6
Prescription drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.3 120.8 138.6 157.6 174.2 188.8 199.7 216.7 231.3
Other nondurable medical products . . 22.5 30.2 30.3 30.8 32.4 33.1 34.4 35.6 36.7
Durable medical equipment 3 . . . . . . 11.2 19.3 19.6 20.7 22.4 22.8 23.2 23.7 24.5
Nursing home care . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.6 95.3 101.5 105.7 110.5 115.2 120.7 124.9 129.7
Other personal health care . . . . . . . 9.6 37.1 41.9 46.3 50.3 53.2 56.8 62.2 69.6
Public administration and net cost
of private health insurance 4 . . . . . . . 39.2 81.2 90.4 106.5 121.0 129.0 133.6 145.4 155.1
Public health activities . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.0 43.4 46.8 52.1 53.8 53.9 56.3 58.7 62.8
5
Medical research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 25.6 28.8 32.5 35.5 38.8 40.6 41.8 42.9
Medical structures and equipment 6 . . . . . . 34.7 63.2 64.7 71.5 76.3 83.0 89.1 97.6 107.2
1 2
Includes nonpatient revenues, privately funded construction, and industrial inplant. Includes services of registered and
practical nurses in private duty, podiatrists, optometrists, physical therapists, clinical psychologists, chiropractors, naturopaths, and
3
Christian Science practitioners. Includes expenditures for eyeglasses, hearing aids, orthopedic appliances, artificial limbs,
4 5
crutches, wheelchairs, etc. Includes administrative expenses of federally financed health programs. Research and
development expenditures of drug companies and other manufacturers and providers of medical equipment and supplies are
6
excluded from research expenditures, but are included in the expenditure class in which the product falls. Represents
expenditures for total medical sector acquisitions of structures and equipment including structures that house medical
professionals’ offices.
Source: U. S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Office of the Actuary, ‘‘National Health Statistics Group’’; See also
<http://www.cms.hhs.gov/NationalHealthExpendData/>.
Object of expenditure 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Total, national . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,627 4,476 4,821 5,199 5,568 5,887 6,212 6,561
Annual percent change 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6 6.1 7.7 7.9 7.1 5.7 5.5 5.6
Hospital care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 991 1,476 1,581 1,694 1,804 1,920 2,040 2,163
Physician and clinical services . . . . . . . . . . . . 621 1,021 1,097 1,172 1,259 1,339 1,424 1,493
Dental services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 219 237 254 264 277 292 305
Other professional services 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 138 150 158 168 178 189 196
Home health care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 108 113 119 131 145 162 176
Prescription drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 427 485 547 600 642 673 723
Other nondurable medical products . . . . . . . . . 88 107 106 107 111 113 116 119
Durable medical equipment 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 68 69 72 77 77 78 79
Nursing home care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 337 356 367 379 392 407 417
Other personal health care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 131 147 161 173 181 191 208
Public administration and net cost of
private health insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 289 317 369 421 439 450 485
Public health activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 154 164 181 181 183 190 196
Total, private consumer 3 . . . . . . . . . . . 1,457 2,293 2,448 2,649 2,844 2,996 3,143 3,270
Hospital care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430 559 600 651 698 753 792 855
Physician and clinical services . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 598 640 688 737 786 843 887
Dental services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 209 223 239 248 260 274 287
Other professional services 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 88 94 97 104 111 117 122
Home health care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 44 39 35 34 37 37 40
Prescription drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 329 370 410 441 464 487 476
Other nondurable medical products . . . . . . . . . 86 102 101 101 105 106 109 111
Durable medical equipment 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 52 51 51 53 54 54 54
Nursing home care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 129 130 133 134 134 136 141
Net cost of private health insurance . . . . . . . . . 115 184 201 243 289 291 293 296
1
Change from immediate prior year. 2 See footnotes for corresponding objects in Table 126. 3 Represents out-of-pocket
payments and private health insurance.
Source: U. S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Office of the Actuary, ‘‘National Health Statistics Group.’’ See also
<http://www.cms.hhs.gov/NationalHealthExpendData/>.
Table 128. Public Expenditures for Health Services and Supplies: 2006
[In millions of dollars (912,107 represents $912,107,000,000). Excludes Puerto Rico and island areas. Excludes medical
research, medical structures, and equipment]
Item 2007,
1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 proj.
Personal health care expenditures. . . . . . . 607.5 1,139.6 1,238.7 1,340.8 1,445.9 1,547.7 1,653.7 1,762.0 1,877.6
Third party payments, total . . . . . . . . . . 471.3 946.7 1,038.9 1,129.3 1,221.0 1,312.8 1,406.6 1,505.5 1,608.4
Percent of personal health care . . . . . 77.6 83.1 83.9 84.2 84.4 84.8 85.1 85.4 85.7
Private insurance payments . . . . . . . . . 204.6 403.1 441.4 482.4 521.2 560.2 598.6 634.6 676.4
Public expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236.2 486.7 541.1 588.7 636.2 687.7 739.0 798.2 855.0
Other 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.5 57.0 56.4 58.3 63.6 64.9 69.0 72.7 77.0
Private consumer expenditures 2 . . . . . . 340.7 596.0 641.2 693.8 746.1 795.1 845.7 891.1 945.7
Percent met by private insurance . . . . 60.1 67.6 68.8 69.5 69.9 70.5 70.8 71.2 71.5
Hospital care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.1 157.9 171.7 187.7 204.8 221.3 235.1 256.2 276.9
Percent met by private insurance . . . . 89.6 91.4 91.7 91.7 91.6 91.6 91.6 91.6 91.6
Physician and clinical services. . . . . . . . 97.5 168.9 182.4 198.3 215.2 231.1 250.3 265.8 281.1
Percent met by private insurance . . . . 69.0 80.9 81.6 82.2 82.6 82.7 82.7 82.6 82.7
Prescription drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.0 93.0 105.3 118.4 127.7 136.3 144.5 142.7 151.1
Percent met by private insurance . . . . 32.2 64.0 65.8 65.9 65.4 66.1 66.2 66.6 66.7
1 2
Includes nonpatient revenues and industrial inplant health services. Includes expenditures not shown separately.
Represents out-of-pocket payments and private health insurance benefits. Excludes net cost of insurance.
Source: U. S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Office of the Actuary, ‘‘National Health Statistics Group.’’ See also
<http://www.cms.hhs.gov/NationalHealthExpendData/>.
Private payments
Consumer
Object of expenditure Out-of- Private Third
pocket health party
pay- insur- pay-
1
Total Total Total ments ance Other Public ments 2
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,762,037 963,839 891,105 256,538 634,566 72,735 798,198 1,505,499
Hospital care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648,225 285,601 256,244 21,421 234,822 29,357 362,624 626,803
Physician and clinical services . . . . . . 447,571 294,486 265,849 46,174 219,675 28,636 153,085 401,396
Dental services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91,498 86,047 85,986 40,648 45,338 61 5,451 50,850
Other professional services 3 . . . . . . . 58,881 39,609 36,613 15,071 21,542 2,996 19,272 43,810
Home health care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,705 13,039 11,938 5,927 6,011 1,101 39,665 46,777
Prescription drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216,705 142,689 142,689 47,639 95,050 − 74,016 169,066
Other nondurable medical products . . . 35,622 33,392 33,392 33,392 − − 2,230 2,230
Durable medical equipment 3 . . . . . . . 23,709 16,196 16,196 13,341 2,854 − 7,514 10,368
Nursing home care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,911 46,834 42,197 32,924 9,273 4,637 78,077 91,987
Other personal health care. . . . . . . . . 62,211 5,947 − − − 5,947 56,265 62,212
− Represents zero. 1 Includes nonpatient revenues and industrial inplant. 2 Covers private health insurance, other private
payments (excluding out-of-pocket payments), and government. 3 See footnotes for corresponding objects on Table 126.
Source: U. S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Office of the Actuary National Health Statistics Group. See also
<http://www.cms.hhs.gov/NationalHealthExpendData/>.
Table 131. Hospital Care, Physician and Clinical Service, Nursing Home Care,
and Prescription Drug Expenditures by Source of Payment:
1990 to 2006
[In billions of dollars (251.6 represents $251,600,000,000). Excludes Puerto Rico and island areas]
Source of payment 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Hospital care, total . . . . . . . . . . . 251.6 417.0 451.4 488.6 525.4 564.4 605.5 648.2
Out-of-pocket payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 13.6 14.2 15.5 17.0 18.7 19.8 21.4
Third-party payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240.2 403.5 437.2 473.1 508.4 545.8 585.8 626.8
Private health insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.8 143.6 156.7 171.3 186.2 202.6 215.3 234.8
Other private funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 21.8 20.8 21.4 24.4 25.3 26.9 29.4
Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132.0 238.1 259.7 280.3 297.8 317.9 343.6 362.6
Federal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.7 192.9 210.9 227.2 241.8 257.9 276.7 290.2
State and local . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.3 45.2 48.9 53.2 56.0 60.0 66.9 72.4
Medicare 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.8 125.5 137.6 146.7 153.8 163.5 178.1 187.2
Medicaid 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.7 71.1 76.5 84.4 90.3 96.8 105.5 110.6
Physician and clinical services,
total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157.5 288.6 313.1 337.9 366.7 393.6 422.6 447.6
Out-of-pocket payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.2 32.2 33.5 35.2 37.4 40.0 43.3 46.2
Third-party payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127.3 256.4 279.6 302.7 329.3 353.6 379.3 401.2
Private health insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.3 136.8 149.1 162.7 177.2 191.1 207.0 219.7
Other private funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 22.2 23.2 24.4 26.1 26.2 28.0 28.6
Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.7 97.4 107.3 115.6 126.0 136.3 144.3 153.1
Federal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.0 79.0 86.9 93.9 102.9 112.0 118.7 126.4
State and local . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 18.4 20.4 21.6 23.0 24.3 25.6 26.6
Medicare 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.4 58.3 63.6 67.7 73.8 80.9 86.4 92.1
Medicaid 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 19.1 21.6 23.8 25.4 27.8 29.9 31.3
Nursing home care, total . . . . . . . 52.6 95.3 101.5 105.7 110.5 115.2 120.7 124.9
Out-of-pocket payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.0 28.6 28.8 29.5 30.5 30.8 31.5 32.9
Third-party payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.6 66.7 72.7 76.2 80.0 84.3 89.3 92.0
Private health insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 7.9 8.1 8.6 8.7 8.7 8.8 9.3
Other private funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 4.5 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.6
Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.9 54.3 60.6 63.6 67.2 71.5 76.1 78.1
Federal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.3 36.5 42.2 44.6 46.1 49.3 52.1 53.7
State and local . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6 17.8 18.4 18.9 21.1 22.2 24.0 24.3
Medicare 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 10.3 12.6 14.1 14.7 17.0 19.2 20.8
Medicaid 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.1 42.0 45.8 47.1 49.7 51.5 53.7 54.2
Prescription drugs, total . . . . . . . 40.3 120.8 138.6 157.9 174.6 188.8 199.7 216.7
Out-of-pocket payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.4 33.4 36.2 40.0 44.4 46.2 48.8 47.6
Third-party payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.9 87.4 102.4 117.9 130.2 142.5 150.9 169.1
Private health insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6 59.7 69.3 78.7 84.1 90.1 95.7 95.1
Other private funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . − − − − − − − −
Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 27.6 33.0 39.2 46.1 52.5 55.2 74.0
Federal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 15.8 19.2 23.1 27.7 31.3 32.6 58.7
State and local . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 11.8 13.8 16.2 18.4 21.2 22.6 15.3
Medicare 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 2.1 2.4 2.4 2.4 3.3 3.9 39.5
Medicaid 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 20.2 23.8 27.8 32.5 36.3 37.3 19.2
1 2
− Represents zero. Medicare expenditures come from federal funds. Medicaid expenditures come from federal, state,
and local funds.
Source: U. S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Office of the Actuary, ‘‘National Health Statistics Group.’’ See also
<http://www.cms.hhs.gov/NationalHealthExpendData/>.
Medical care
3
Medical care services commodities Annual percent change
Prescrip-
Year Professional services Hospital tion
and drugs Medical
Medical related and Medical Medical care
care, Physi- ser- medical care, care com-
1 1 2
total Total Total cians Dental vices Total supplies total services modities
1980 . . . . 74.9 74.8 77.9 76.5 78.9 69.2 75.4 72.5 11.0 11.3 9.3
1985 . . . . 113.5 113.2 113.5 113.3 114.2 116.1 115.2 120.1 6.3 6.1 7.2
1990 . . . . 162.8 162.7 156.1 160.8 155.8 178.0 163.4 181.7 9.0 9.3 8.4
1995 . . . . 220.5 224.2 201.0 208.8 206.8 257.8 204.5 235.0 4.5 5.1 1.9
2000 . . . . 260.8 266.0 237.7 244.7 258.5 317.3 238.1 285.4 4.1 4.3 3.2
2001 . . . . 272.8 278.8 246.5 253.6 269.0 338.3 247.6 300.9 4.6 4.8 4.0
2002 . . . . 285.6 292.9 253.9 260.6 281.0 367.8 256.4 316.5 4.7 5.1 3.6
2003 . . . . 297.1 306.0 261.2 267.7 292.5 394.8 262.8 326.3 4.0 4.5 2.5
2004 . . . . 310.1 321.3 271.5 278.3 306.9 417.9 269.3 337.1 4.4 5.0 2.5
2005 . . . . 323.2 336.7 281.7 287.5 324.0 439.9 276.0 349.0 4.2 4.8 2.5
2006 . . . . 336.2 350.6 289.3 291.9 340.9 468.1 285.9 363.9 4.0 4.1 3.6
2007 . . . . 351.1 369.3 300.8 303.2 358.4 498.9 290.0 369.2 4.4 5.3 1.4
1
Includes other services not shown separately. 2 Includes other commodities not shown separately. 3 Percent change
from the immediate prior year.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, CPI Detailed Report, monthly, and at <http://www.bls.gov/cpi/cpidr.htm>. See also Monthly
Labor Review at <http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/welcome.htm>.
Table 133. Average Annual Expenditures Per Consumer Unit for Health Care:
2004 to 2006
[In dollars, except percent. See text, Section 13, and headnote, Table 664. For composition of regions, see map, inside front
cover]
Type of provider 1990 1995 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Hospital insurance benefits, total
(Part A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . 65,721 113,395 125,992 153,144 163,764 181,460 185,005 207,461
Inpatient hospital . . . . . . . . . . .... . . 57,012 81,095 86,561 108,570 114,375 122,288 122,035 129,586
Skilled nursing facility . . . . . . . .... . . 2,761 8,684 10,269 14,938 16,673 18,631 19,651 22,293
Home health agency . . . . . . . . .... . . 3,295 15,715 4,880 4,940 5,213 5,861 5,861 6,343
Hospice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . 318 1,854 2,818 5,428 6,572 7,678 8,791 10,008
Managed care . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . 2,335 6,047 21,463 19,267 20,932 27,001 28,668 39,230
Supplementary medical insurance
benefits, total (Part B). . . . . . . . . . 41,498 63,490 88,876 119,455 131,357 147,923 154,477 169,227
Physician fee schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 31,110 35,958 47,486 52,224 57,213 57,863 58,561
Durable medical equipment . . . . . . . . . (NA) 3,576 4,577 7,429 7,687 7,888 8,308 8,169
Carrier lab 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 2,819 2,194 2,946 3,206 3,521 3,672 3,982
Other carrier 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 4,513 7,154 12,432 13,794 15,197 15,277 16,003
Hospital 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 8,448 8,516 14,692 16,931 19,216 19,878 20,736
Home health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 223 4,281 5,158 5,577 6,749 7,440 9,115
Intermediary lab 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 1,437 1,748 2,408 2,670 2,866 2,860 2,845
Other intermediary 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 5,110 6,099 9,700 10,459 11,537 11,966 12,092
Managed care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 6,253 18,348 17,203 18,809 23,735 27,213 37,724
Supplementary medical insurance
benefits, total (Part D) 6 . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 216 1,198 33,745 51,219
NA Not available. X Not applicable. 1 Lab services paid under the lab fee schedule performed in a physician’s office lab
2
or an independent lab. Includes free-standing ambulatory surgical center’s facility costs, ambulance, and supplies.
3
Includes the hospital facility costs for Medicare Part B services which are predominantly in the outpatient department. The
physician reimbursement associated with these services is included on the ‘‘Physician Fee Schedule’’ line. 4 Lab fee services
paid under the lab fee schedule performed in a hospital outpatient department. 5 Includes ESRD (End Stage Renal Disease)
free-standing dialysis facility payments and payments to rural health clinics, outpatient rehabilitation facilities, psychiatric hospitals,
and federally qualified health centers. 6 Starting with 2006, Part D provides subsidized access to drug insurance coverage on
a voluntary basis for all beneficiaries and premium and cost-sharing subsidies for low-income enrollees. Benefits prior to 2006 were
for transitional assistance to beneficiaries with low income.
Source: U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, unpublished data. See also <http://www.cms.hhs.gov/ReportsTrustFunds/>.
State and area 2000 2003 2004 2005 State and area 2000 2003 2004 2005
All areas 1 . . . . . 39,620 41,087 41,729 42,395 MT . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 142 145 146
NE . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 257 259 259
U.S. . . . . . . . . . . 38,762 40,173 40,792 41,003 NV . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 274 286 294
AL . . . . . . . . . . . . 685 719 733 740 NH . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 180 183 185
AK . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 48 50 51 NJ . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,203 1,220 1,225 1,215
AZ . . . . . . . . . . . . 675 729 755 777 NM. . . . . . . . . . . . 234 250 257 261
AR . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 453 460 464 NY . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,715 2,763 2,775 2,758
CA . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,901 4,078 4,150 4,158 NC . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,133 1,205 1,235 1,255
CO. . . . . . . . . . . . 467 493 506 513 ND . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 103 103 103
CT . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 522 524 520 OH. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,701 1,727 1,739 1,731
DE . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 119 123 125 OK . . . . . . . . . . . . 508 521 529 531
DC . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 74 73 72 OR. . . . . . . . . . . . 489 513 527 532
FL . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,804 2,921 2,982 3,008 PA . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,095 2,110 2,118 2,108
GA . . . . . . . . . . . . 916 974 998 1,016 RI . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 172 173 171
HI . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 175 178 180 SC . . . . . . . . . . . . 568 606 624 637
ID . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 178 184 188 SD . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 122 123 123
IL. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,635 1,661 1,676 1,674 TN . . . . . . . . . . . . 829 872 891 903
IN . . . . . . . . . . . . 852 878 889 893 TX . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,265 2,390 2,451 2,491
IA . . . . . . . . . . . . 477 482 486 484 UT . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 220 227 231
KS . . . . . . . . . . . . 390 394 397 397 VT . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 93 94 95
KY . . . . . . . . . . . . 623 648 660 668 VA . . . . . . . . . . . . 893 946 967 981
LA . . . . . . . . . . . . 602 620 627 630 WA . . . . . . . . . . . 736 775 799 807
ME. . . . . . . . . . . . 216 227 231 233 WV . . . . . . . . . . . 338 347 351 351
MD. . . . . . . . . . . . 645 674 685 687 WI . . . . . . . . . . . . 783 804 814 818
MA. . . . . . . . . . . . 961 966 968 961 WY . . . . . . . . . . . 65 69 70 70
MI . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,403 1,445 1,464 1,468
MN. . . . . . . . . . . . 654 676 686 691 Outlying areas 2 . . . 537 575 613 622
MS. . . . . . . . . . . . 419 437 446 449 Pending state
MO . . . . . . . . . . . 861 884 896 901 designations 3 . . . . 321 340 324 769
1 2
Includes outlying areas and pending state designation. Includes American Samoa, Federated States of Micronesia,
3
Guam, Marshall Islands, Northern Marianas, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, and Wake Island. Include foreign countries and
unknown places of residence.
Source: U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Medicare Enrollment Reports. See also <http://www.cms.hhs.gov
/MedicareEnrpts/>.
Selected type of beneficiary 1990 1995 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Total disbursements . . . . . . . . . . 109,709 180,096 219,276 277,846 301,488 336,877 380,433 434,701
HI, Part A disbursements 1 . . . . . . . 66,687 114,883 130,284 153,792 166,998 184,629 188,444 210,502
Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,722 113,394 125,992 153,144 163,764 181,460 185,005 207,461
Aged . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,503 100,107 110,261 132,415 140,704 155,469 157,347 175,696
Disabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,218 13,288 15,731 20,729 23,060 25,990 27,658 31,765
SMI, Part B disbursements 1 . . . . . . 43,022 65,213 88,992 124,055 134,274 151,050 158,104 171,976
Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,498 63,490 88,875 119,455 131,357 147,923 154,477 169,227
Aged . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,837 54,830 76,340 100,505 109,890 123,258 127,854 140,282
Disabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,661 8,660 12,535 18,940 21,467 24,665 26,623 28,946
Part D Transitional Assistance . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 153 566 366 28
SMI, Part D disbursements 1 . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 216 1,198 33,884 52,223
Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) − 73 33,481 51,209
Transitional assistance benefit payments. . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 216 1,125 229 10
1
− Represents or rounds to zero. X Not applicable. Other types not shown separately.
Source: U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Trustees Report and Trust Funds, and unpublished data. See also
<http://www.cms.hhs.gov/ReportsTrustFunds/>.
Type of trust fund 1990 1995 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
TOTAL MEDICARE
Total income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126.3 175.3 257.1 284.8 291.6 317.7 357.5 437.1 461.9
Total expenditures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.0 184.2 221.8 265.7 280.8 308.9 336.4 408.4 431.5
Assets, end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.4 143.4 221.5 269.1 280.0 288.8 309.8 338.5 368.9
HOSPITAL INSURANCE (Part A)
Net contribution income 1 . . . . . . . . . 72.1 103.3 154.5 162.7 159.2 167.2 182.6 194.2 205.3
Interest received 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 10.8 11.7 15.1 15.8 16.0 16.1 16.4 17.4
Benefit payments 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.2 116.4 126.8 148.8 154.3 167.6 180.0 189.0 200.2
Assets, end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.9 130.3 177.5 234.8 256.0 269.3 285.8 305.4 326.0
SMI (Part B)
Net premium income . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 19.7 20.6 25.1 27.4 31.4 37.5 42.9 46.8
Transfers from general revenue . . . . . 33.0 39.0 65.9 78.3 86.4 100.4 118.1 132.7 139.6
Interest received 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 1.6 3.5 2.8 2.0 1.5 1.4 1.8 2.2
Benefit payments 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.5 65.0 88.9 111.0 123.8 135.0 149.2 165.9 176.4
Assets, end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.5 13.1 44.0 34.3 24.0 19.4 24.0 32.3 42.1
SMI (Part D)
Net premium income . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) − − 3.5 3.9
Transfers from general revenue 4 . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) 0.4 1.1 39.2 38.8
Interest received . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) − − − −
Benefit payments 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) 0.4 1.1 47.1 48.6
Assets, end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) − − 0.8 0.8
− Represents zero. X Not applicable. 1 Includes income from taxation of benefits beginning in 1994. Includes premiums
2
from aged ineligibles enrolled in Hospital Insurance (HI). Includes recoveries of amounts reimbursed from the trust fund.
3
Beginning 1998, monies transferred to the SMI trust fund for home health agency costs, as provided for by P.L. 105-33, are
included in HI benefit payments but excluded from SMI benefit payments. 4 These amounts for 2004 and 2005 include amounts
transferred for transitional assistance for Part D of Medicare.
Source: U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Hospital
Insurance Trust Fund and Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund.
See also <http://www.cms.hhs.gov/ReportsTrustFunds/>.
Under
Poverty status 18 18−44 45−64 65 years
White Black Asian His- years years years old and
1
Total alone 2 alone 3 alone 4 panic 5 old old old over
Persons covered, total . .. 38,088 26,372 8,491 1,474 9,621 19,874 9,603 5,247 3,364
Below poverty level . . . . . . .. 15,409 9,653 4,928 374 4,034 8,399 4,092 2,039 880
Above poverty level. . . . . . .. 22,679 16,719 3,563 1,100 5,587 11,475 5,511 3,208 2,484
Percent of population
covered . . . . . . . . . . . .. 12.8 11.1 22.8 11.2 21.5 27.0 8.6 6.9 9.3
Below poverty level . . . . . . .. 42.3 39.5 54.5 27.6 43.6 65.5 29.2 32.8 25.9
Above poverty level. . . . . . .. 8.7 7.8 12.6 9.3 15.7 18.8 5.7 4.6 7.6
1
Includes other races not shown separately. 2 White alone refers to people who reported White and did not report any other
race category. 3 Black alone refers to people who reported Black and did not report any other race category. 4 Asian alone
refers to people who reported Asian and did not report any other race category. 5 Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United
States: 2006, P60-233; and ‘‘Table HI02. Health Insurance Coverage Status and Type of Coverage by Selected Characteristics for
People in the Poverty Universe: 2006’’; and ‘‘Table HI03. Health Insurance Coverage Status and Type of Coverage by Selected
Characteristics for Poor People in the Poverty Universe: 2006’’; issued August 2007; <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/hlthins
/hlthin06.html>.
Table 147. Persons With and Without Health Insurance Coverage by State: 2006
[249,829 represents 249,829,000. Based on the Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC),
see text, Section 1, and Appendix III]
2005 2006
Table 149. Medical Care Benefits of Workers by Type and Amount of Employee
Contribution: 2007
[In percent. Starting with the 2007 data, the range of dollars for the ‘‘flat monthly amounts’’ have changed. See headnote, Table
150]
1 1
Individual coverage Family coverage
Type and amount of Manage- Type and amount of Manage-
contribution All ment contribution All ment
employ- profes- Produc- employ- profes- Produc-
ees sional Service tion ees sional Service tion
Total with contributory Total with contributory
coverage . . . . . . . . 100 100 100 100 coverage . . . . . . . . 100 100 100 100
Flat monthly amount . . 77 77 71 80 Flat monthly amount. . 79 79 75 83
Less than $20.00 . . 4 4 4 5 Less than $100.00 . . . 9 8 8 12
$20.00−$29.99 . . . . 5 6 4 5 $100.00−$149.99. . . . 7 7 5 11
$30.00−$39.99 . . . . 6 5 5 7 $150.00−$199.99. . . . 11 11 8 15
$40.00−$49.99 . . . . 6 7 5 8 $200.00−$249.99. . . . 10 10 10 10
$50.00−$59.99 . . . . 9 8 7 11 $250.00−$299.99. . . . 10 11 8 9
$60.00−$69.99 . . . . 8 7 7 9 $300.00−$349.99. . . . 7 7 7 8
$70.00−$79.99 . . . . 7 8 6 6 $350.00−$399.99. . . . 5 5 5 4
$80.00−$89.99 . . . . 6 5 5 7 $400.00−$449.99. . . . 4 4 3 2
$90.00−$99.99 . . . . 5 5 4 4 $450.00−$499.99. . . . 3 2 3 3
$100.00−$109.99 . . 5 5 6 4 $500.00−$549.99. . . . 3 3 2 1
$110.00−$119.99 . . . 4 4 4 3 $550.00−$599.99. . . . 2 2 5 1
$120.00−$129.99 . . 2 2 3 3 $600.00−$649.99. . . . 2 2 4 1
$130.00−$139.99 . . 2 2 2 2 $650.00−$699.99. . . . 2 2 1 1
$140.00−$149.99 . . 1 1 1 1 $700.00−$749.99. . . . 1 1 2 (Z)
$150.00 or more . . . 7 7 9 6 $750.00 or more . . . . 4 4 5 3
Composite rate 2 . . . . 1 2 1 1 Composite rate 1 . . . . 1 1 (Z) (Z)
Varies 3 . . . . . . . . . . . 5 6 5 4 Varies 2 . . . . . . . . . . 4 5 4 3
Flexible benefits 4 . . . . 1 2 1 1 Flexible benefits 3 . . . 1 2 1 1
Percent of earnings . . . (Z) (Z) 1 (Z) Percent of earnings . . (Z) (Z) 1 (Z)
Exists, but unknown . . 14 12 20 14 Exists, but unknown . . 14 12 18 12
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 1 Other. . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 1
1 2
Z Less than 0.5 percent. Other occupational groups not shown. See Table 150 for complete listing of groups. A
composite rate is a set contribution covering more than one benefit area; for example, health care and life insurance. Cost data
3
for individual plans cannot be determined. Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based
on earnings, length of service, or age. 4 Amount varies by options selected under a ‘‘cafeteria plan’’ or employer-sponsored
reimbursement account.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey: Employee Benefits in Private Industry in the United
States, March, 2007 (issued August 2007). See also <http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/sp/ebsm0006.pdf>.
Unit
Sales outlet
1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Number of prescriptions . . . . Mil. . . . . . . 2,125 2,865 3,009 3,139 3,215 3,274 3,279 3,420 3,515
Traditional chain . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. . . . . . . 908 1,335 1,408 1,463 1,483 1,500 1,518 1,605 1,660
Independent . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. . . . . . . 672 698 710 719 736 738 714 732 745
Mass merchant. . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. . . . . . . 238 293 311 339 345 353 359 375 390
Supermarkets . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. . . . . . . 221 394 418 444 462 470 465 476 478
Mail order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. . . . . . . 86 146 161 174 189 214 223 232 242
Percent distribution of
brand/generic mix:
Brand drugs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent . . . 59.8 57.6 59.0 57.9 55.0 54.1 50.6 46.8 41.8
Generic drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent . . . 40.2 42.4 41.0 42.1 45.0 47.5 51.3 53.2 58.2
Retail sales . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . . 72.2 145.6 161.3 182.7 204.2 220.1 232.0 250.6 259.4
Traditional chain . . . . . . . . . . . bil. dol. . . . 27.8 59.1 65.3 73.3 82.6 87.5 91.8 100.6 104.8
Independent . . . . . . . . . . . . . bil. dol. . . . 22.0 33.4 36.2 38.0 41.2 43.3 44.6 46.2 47.2
Mass merchant. . . . . . . . . . . . bil. dol. . . . 7.7 13.5 15.2 18.0 20.0 21.5 22.5 24.3 25.7
Supermarkets . . . . . . . . . . . . bil. dol. . . . 7.4 17.4 19.8 23.1 25.2 26.9 27.6 28.9 28.5
Mail order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bil. dol. . . . 7.4 22.1 24.8 30.2 35.0 40.8 45.5 50.5 53.1
Average prices 1
All prescriptions . . . . . . . . . . . Dollars . . . 30.01 45.79 50.06 55.37 59.52 62.64 63.87 66.97 69.91
Brand drugs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dollars . . . 40.22 65.29 69.75 77.49 85.57 91.80 97.65 107.48 119.51
Generic drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . Dollars . . . 14.84 19.33 21.72 24.89 27.69 28.23 29.21 31.39 34.34
Average prescription cost 1 . . Dollars . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 66.97 69.91
Manufacturer receives . . . . . . . Dollars . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 51.97 54.30
Wholesaler receives . . . . . . . . Dollars . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 2.07 2.44
Retailer receives. . . . . . . . . . . Dollars . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 12.93 13.17
1
NA Not available. Excludes mail order.
Source: National Association of Chain Drug Stores, Alexandria, VA, NACDS Foundation Chain Pharmacy Industry Profile,
2007 (copyright); <http://www.nacds.org>.
2002 1
Total, all firms Taxable employer firms
Selected kind of business NAICS
code 2000 2005 2006 2000 2005 2006
Health care and social assistance . . . . 62 1,033,029 1,478,316 1,568,166 500,932 730,588 778,862
Ambulatory health care services 2 . . . . . . . . . . . 621 419,402 610,290 647,892 376,095 549,376 583,985
Offices of physicians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6211 213,806 310,546 330,889 213,806 310,546 330,889
Offices of dentists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6212 60,931 83,688 87,405 60,931 83,688 87,405
Offices of other health practitioners . . . . . . . . 6213 32,037 45,185 46,779 32,037 45,185 46,779
Offices of chiropractors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62131 7,570 9,868 10,267 7,570 9,868 10,267
Offices of optometrists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62132 7,639 9,793 10,205 7,639 9,793 10,205
Offices of mental health practitioners. . . . . . 62133 3,516 4,066 4,316 3,516 4,066 4,316
Offices of PT/OT/speech therapy &
audiology 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62134 8,486 14,273 14,583 8,486 14,273 14,583
Outpatient care centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6214 (S) 69,541 73,966 (S) 31,448 34,361
Medical & diagnostic laboratories . . . . . . . . . . 6215 23,450 34,712 37,253 23,450 34,712 37,253
Home health care services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6216 26,841 43,443 47,007 16,879 29,733 32,126
Other ambulatory health care services . . . . . . 6219 15,565 23,175 24,593 9,421 14,064 15,172
Hospitals 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622 423,889 611,184 654,492 42,908 70,979 79,385
General medical & surgical hospitals . . . . . . . 6221 397,526 572,948 613,098 36,926 58,511 64,989
Psychiatric & substance abuse hospitals . . . . . 6222 13,422 13,901 15,260 2,189 2,304 2,726
Other specialty hospitals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6223 12,941 24,335 26,134 3,793 10,164 11,670
Nursing and residential care facilities 2 . . . . . . . . 623 112,706 145,717 148,716 66,245 85,381 88,226
Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6231 67,238 83,552 85,229 49,816 61,277 63,087
Residential mental retardation/health
facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6232 16,718 22,904 23,609 4,726 6,666 7,162
Residential mental retardation facilities . . . . 62321 11,570 15,606 16,112 3,297 4,638 4,959
Community care facilities for the elderly . . . . . 6233 22,104 30,741 31,338 10,812 16,147 16,710
Continuing care retirement communities. . . . 623311 12,948 17,676 18,021 3,576 5,686 5,981
Homes for the elderly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623312 9,156 13,065 13,317 7,236 10,461 10,729
Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . 6239 6,646 8,520 8,540 891 1,291 1,267
Social assistance 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 77,032 111,125 117,066 15,684 24,852 27,266
Individual and family services . . . . . . . . . . . . 6241 37,311 53,047 57,766 3,824 7,388 8,818
Community food and housing, and emergency
and other relief services.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6242 12,281 18,983 18,887 46 (S) (S)
Vocational rehabilitation services . . . . . . . . . . 6243 9,458 13,937 13,916 1,593 2,657 2,756
Child day care services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6244 17,982 25,158 26,497 10,221 14,584 15,484
S Figure does not meet publication standards. 1 Includes taxable nonemployer firms, not shown separately. 2 Includes
other kinds of business not shown separately. 3 Offices of physical, occupational, and speech therapists, and audiologists.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ‘‘Service Annual Survey, 2006’’; <http://www.census.gov/econ/www/servmenu.html>.
Nursing and
Offices of
Offices of dentists Hospitals residential
physicians
Source of revenue (NAICS 6212) (NAICS 622) care facilities
(NAICS 6211)
(NAICS 623)
2001 2006 2001 2006 2001 2006 2001 2006
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219,492 330,889 62,599 87,405 462,216 654,492 111,855 148,246
Medicare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,649 71,201 (S) 768 147,841 176,843 14,857 24,344
Medicaid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,109 16,906 1,790 3,316 56,193 67,895 45,875 56,511
Other government 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,347 4,415 (S) 507 24,745 33,261 8,227 11,265
Worker’s compensation . . . . . . . . . . . 8,050 7,556 (S) 80 5,117 7,005 (S) (S)
Private insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105,846 165,769 33,201 40,241 169,885 267,931 6,617 7,171
2 2
Patient (out-of-pocket) . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,617 33,581 27,174 39,019 23,844 32,987 26,339 35,440
Other patient care sources, n.e.c 3 . . . 8,128 18,297 434 2,944 11,453 27,568 3,223 4,681
Nonpatient care revenue . . . . . . . . . . 3,746 13,164 (S) 530 23,138 41,002 6,717 8,834
S Figure does not meet publication standards. 1 Veterans, National Institute of Health, Indian Affairs, etc. 2 Represents
3
payment from patients and their families plus patients’ assigned social security benefits. n.e.c. represents not elsewhere
classified.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ‘‘Service Annual Survey, 2006’’; <http://www.census.gov/econ/www/servmenu.html>.
2002
Industry NAICS
code 1 1990 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Health care and social assistance 1 . . . . 62 9,296 12,718 13,556 13,893 14,190 14,536 14,925 15,378
Ambulatory health care services 1 . . . . . . . . . . 621 2,842 4,320 4,633 4,786 4,952 5,114 5,286 5,477
Offices of physicians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6211 1,278 1,840 1,968 2,003 2,048 2,094 2,148 2,204
Offices of dentists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6212 513 688 725 744 760 774 784 812
Offices of other health practitioners . . . . . . . 6213 276 438 486 503 527 549 571 599
Medical and diagnostic laboratories . . . . . . . 6215 129 162 175 182 190 198 202 212
Home health care services . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6216 288 633 680 733 777 821 866 913
Hospitals 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622 3,513 3,954 4,160 4,245 4,285 4,345 4,423 4,517
General medical and surgical hospitals . . . . . 6221 3,305 3,745 3,930 4,005 4,042 4,096 4,167 4,245
Psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals . . 6222 113 86 90 92 92 93 98 100
Other hospitals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6223 95 123 140 148 151 156 162 173
Nursing and residential care facilities 1 . . . . . . . 623 1,856 2,583 2,743 2,786 2,818 2,855 2,893 2,952
Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6231 1,170 1,514 1,573 1,580 1,577 1,577 1,581 1,601
1
Includes other industries not shown separately.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, ‘‘Employment and Earnings,’’ March issues; <http://stats.bls.gov/ces/home.htm>.
Table 155. Osteopathic Physicians: 2001 to 2008
[As of May 31. Osteopathic physicians are fully qualified physicians licensed to practice medicine and to perform surgery. Osteo-
pathic medicine has a strong emphasis on the interrelationship of the body’s nerves, muscles, bones and organs. Doctors of osteo-
pathic medicine, or D.O.s, apply the philosophy of treating the whole person to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of illness,
disease and injury]
Rate Rate
per per
1 1
Leading diagnosis 1,000 Leading diagnosis 1,000
Number per- Number per-
(1,000) sons 2 (1,000) sons 2
MALE FEMALE
All ages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,962 433
All ages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,230 377 Under 15 years old 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,328 348
Under 15 years old 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,548 372 Acute respiratory infections 4 . . . . . . 874 29
Acute upper respiratory infections 4 . . 1,146 37 Otitis media and Eustachian . . . . . .
Otitis media and Eustachian . . . . . . tube disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671 23
tube disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761 25 Pyrexia of unknown origin . . . . . . . . 651 22
Contusions with intact skin surfaces . 673 22 Contusions with intact skin surfaces . 509 17
Pyrexia of unknown origin . . . . . . . . 616 20 Acute pharyngitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 13
Open wound of head . . . . . . . . . . . 512 16 15 to 44 years old 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,188 504
15 to 44 years old 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,372 379 Abdominal pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,033 33
Open wound, excluding head . . . . . . 1,500 24 Complications of pregnancy,
Contusions with intact skin surfaces . 1,306 21 childbirth, and the puerperium . . . . 1,411 23
Spinal disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 960 16 Contusions with intact skin surfaces . 1,233 20
Sprains and strains, excluding Spinal disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 965 16
ankle and back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841 14 Urinary tract infection, site not
Cellulitis and abscess . . . . . . . . . . . 827 13 specified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915 15
45 to 64 years old 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,271 340 45 to 64 years old 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,195 345
Chest pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875 24 Abdominal pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708 19
Spinal disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543 15 Spinal disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551 14
Abdominal pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469 13 Contusion with intact skin surface . . . 443 12
Open wound, excluding head . . . . . . 452 13 Open wound, excluding head . . . . . . 400 10
Contusion with intact skin surface . . . 427 12 65 years old and over 3 . . . . . . . . . . 10,250 502
65 years old and over 3 . . . . . . . . . . 7,040 463 Chest pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538 26
Chest pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447 29 Contusion with intact skin surface . . . 518 25
Heart disease, excluding ischemic. . . 404 27 Heart disease, excluding ischemic. . . 494 24
Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 16 Abdominal pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342 17
Open wound, excluding head . . . . . . 235 15 Urinary tract infection, site not
Syncope and collapse. . . . . . . . . . . 202 13 specified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 15
1
Based on the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM). 2 Based on U.S.
3
Census Bureau estimated civilian noninstitutional population as of July 1. Includes other first-listed diagnoses not shown
separately. 4 Excluding pharyngitis.
Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Statistics Reports, No. 7, August 06, 2008. <http://www.cdc.gov
/nchs/namcs.htm>.
Item and sex 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Patients discharged (1,000). . . . . . . . . . 30,788 30,722 31,706 32,653 33,727 34,738 34,864 34,667 34,854
Patients discharged per 1,000 persons,
total 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 116 114 115 118 120 119 117 117
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 94 92 93 95 98 97 96 95
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 136 135 137 139 141 141 138 138
Days of care per 1,000 persons, total 1 . . 784 620 560 562 572 578 574 562 558
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694 551 491 490 506 507 505 498 495
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869 686 627 631 635 646 641 624 619
Average stay (days). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 5.4 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 5.8 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 5.0 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.5
1
Rates are computed using Census Bureau estimates of the civilian population as of July 1. Rates for 1990 and 1995 were
based on population estimates adjusted for the net underenumeration in the 1990 census. Rates for 2000 and later were calculated
using 2000-based postcensal estimates.
Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, Vital and Health Statistics, Series 13; and unpublished data;
<http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/series/ser.htm>.
Table 168. Hospital Utilization Measures for HIV Patients: 1990 to 2006
[HIV represents human immunodeficiency virus. See headnote, Table 167]
Discharges
Days of care Average stay
Number 1
Age, race, and region Per 1,000 persons 1 per 1,000 persons (days)
(1,000)
2002 2006 2002 2006 2002 2006 2002 2006
2
Total ........... 33,727 34,854 118 117 572 558 4.9 4.8
Age:
Under 1 year old. . . . . . . . 810 751 201 182 1,134 1,162 5.6 6.4
1 to 4 years old . . . . . . . . 713 682 46 42 159 141 3.5 3.4
5 to 14 years old . . . . . . . 1,016 865 25 21 109 97 4.4 4.5
15 to 24 years old . . . . . . . 3,083 3,132 77 75 266 264 3.5 3.5
25 to 34 years old . . . . . . . 3,897 4,045 99 101 328 346 3.3 3.4
35 to 44 years old . . . . . . . 3,757 3,623 84 84 368 358 4.4 4.3
45 to 64 years old . . . . . . . 7,723 8,686 116 116 575 579 5.0 5.0
65 to 74 years old . . . . . . . 4,642 4,793 254 253 1,412 1,317 5.6 5.2
75 years old and over . . . . 8,085 8,278 467 451 2,795 2,541 6.0 5.6
Race:
White . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 20,806 20,907 90 88 436 414 4.9 4.7
Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3,995 4,241 109 111 584 621 5.3 5.6
Asian/Pacific Islander. . . .. 538 619 45 45 243 244 5.4 5.4
American Indian/Eskimo/
Aleut . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 173 103 63 36 330 151 5.2 4.2
Region:
Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,990 7,277 129 133 727 703 5.6 5.3
Midwest . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,503 7,951 115 120 512 508 4.4 4.2
South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,994 13,140 127 121 618 595 4.9 4.9
West. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,239 6,486 96 94 430 432 4.5 4.6
1
Rates were calculated using U.S. Census Bureau 2000-based postcensal estimates of the civilian population as of July 1.
2
Includes other races not shown separately.
Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, Vital and Health Statistics, Series 13; and unpublished data;
<http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/series/ser.htm>.
Table 170. Hospital Discharges and Days of Care by Selected Diagnosis: 2006
[(13,990 represents 13,990,000.) Represents estimates of inpatients discharged from noninstitutional, short-stay hospitals, exclu-
sive of federal hospitals. Excludes newborn infants. Diagnostic categories are based on the International Classification of Diseases,
9th Revision, Clinical Modification. See headnote, Table 167]
Discharges Discharges
Sex, age, and selected Per Aver- Sex, age, and selected Per Aver-
first-listed 1,000 age first-listed 1,000 age
diagnosis 1 Number 2 per- stay 2 diagnosis 1 Number 2 per- stay 2
(1,000) sons 3 (days) (1,000) sons 3 (days)
Male Female
All ages 4 . . . . . . . . 13,990 100.1 5.2 All ages, crude 4 . . . 20,864 137.5 4.5
Under 18 years 4 . . . . . 1,515 40.2 4.9 Under 18 years 4. . . . . . . 1,389 38.6 4.5
5 5
Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 4.4 3.9 Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 2.3 3.9
5
Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . 101 2.7 3.3 Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . 79 2.2 3.5
5 5 5
Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 2.6 2.1 Acute bronchitis and
5 5 5
18−44 years 4 . . . . . . . 2,701 47.7 5.0 bronchiolitis . . . . . . . .. 69 1.91 2.9
Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 7.0 4.8 18−44 years 4 . . . . . .. 7,492 134.4 3.2
Serious mental illness Childbirth . . . . . . . . . . .. 3,980 71.4 2.6
(psychoses) 6 . . . . . . . . 336 5.9 8.2 Serious mental illness
Alcohol and drug 7. . . . . . 186 3.3 5
4.4 (psychoses) 6 . . . . . . . . 370 6.6 7.1
Heart disease . . . . . . . . . 173 3.1 3.7 Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 3.2 3.7
45−64 years 4 . . . . . . . 4,287 117.6 5.1 Uterine fibroids . . . . . . . . 103 1.8 2.4
Heart disease . . . . . . . . . 803 22.0 3.7 45−64 years 4 . . . . . . . 4,399 114.7 4.9
Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 6.9 6.6 Heart disease . . . . . . . . . 481 12.6 4.2
Cancer, all . . . . . . . . . . . 222 6.1 6.6 Serious mental illness
Serious mental illness (psychoses) 6 . . . . . . . . 243 6.3 8.9
(psychoses) 6 . . . . . . . . 179 4.9 8.8 Cancer, all . . . . . . . . . . . 217 5.7 5.8
65−74 years 5 . . . . . . . 2,241 258.4 5.1 Osteoarthritis . . . . . . . . . 191 5.0 3.8
Heart disease . . . . . . . . . 519 59.8 4.3 65−74 years 4 . . . . . . . 2,552 249.1 5.3
Cancer, all . . . . . . . . . . . 151 17.4 6.7 Heart disease . . . . . . . . . 406 39.7 4.7
Stroke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 12.1 4.7 Osteoarthritis . . . . . . . . . 169 16.5 3.7
Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . 101 11.6 5.1 Cancer, all . . . . . . . . . . . 160 15.6 6.9
75−84 years 4 . . . . . . . 2,236 422.0 5.7 Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . 112 10.9 5.8
Heart disease . . . . . . . . . 496 93.7 4.8 75−84 years 4 . . . . . . . 3,016 389.3 5.6
Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . 141 26.6 5.4 Heart disease . . . . . . . . . 570 73.5 4.9
Cancer, all . . . . . . . . . . . 114 21.5 8.0 Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 28.6 5.4
Stroke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 21.4 4.5 Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . 140 18.1 5.8
85 years and over 4 . . . 1,010 598.4 5.4 Stroke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 17.2 4.8
Heart disease . . . . . . . . . 209 123.9 4.7 85 years and over 4 . . . 2,015 558.4 5.7
Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . 82 48.7 5.6 Heart disease . . . . . . . . . 424 117.4 4.8
Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 41.9 5.2 Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 56.3 5.4
Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . 134 37.2 5.9
1
The first-listed diagnosis is the one specified as the principal diagnosis or the first diagnosis listed on the face sheet or
discharge summary of the medical record. It is usually the main cause of the hospitalization. The number of first-listed diagnoses
2 3
is the same as the number of discharges. Crude estimates. Estimates are age adjusted to the year 2000 standard
population using six age groups: under 18 years, 18−44 years, 45−54 years, 55−64 years, 65−74 years, and 75 years and over.
4 5
Includes discharges with first-listed diagnoses not shown in table. Estimates are considered unreliable. 6 These estimates
are for nonfederal short-stay hospitals only and do not include serious mental illness discharges. 7 Includes abuse, dependence,
and withdrawal. These estimates are for nonfederal short-stay hospitals only and do not include alcohol and drug discharges from
other types of facilities or programs such as the Department of Veterans Affairs or day treatment programs.
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Hospital Discharge
Survey; <http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/hdasd/nhds.htm>.
1-year
Number of procedures Number of centers Number patient
of survival
Procedure
people rates,
waiting, 2006
1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 1990 2007 2007 (percent)
Transplant: 1
Heart . . . . . . . . . 2,095 2,342 2,172 2,125 2,192 2,210 148 130 2,613 87.1
Heart-lung . . . . . . 52 69 47 35 31 30 79 52 101 74.3
Lung. . . . . . . . . . 203 869 955 1,406 1,405 1,469 70 65 2,102 82.4
Liver . . . . . . . . . . 2,631 3,818 4,816 6,443 6,650 6,493 85 127 16,311 86.0
Kidney . . . . . . . . 9,358 10,957 13,258 16,481 17,094 16,624 232 245 76,081 97.9
Kidney-pancreas . . 459 915 910 903 924 862 (NA) (NA) 2,282 95.2
Pancreas. . . . . . . 60 103 420 541 463 469 84 146 1,617 95.4
Intestine . . . . . . . 1 21 29 178 175 198 (NA) 45 230 77.8
Multiorgan . . . . . . 71 124 213 518 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
Cornea grafts 2 . . . . 40,631 44,652 50,197 48,298 45,035 50,122 3
107 3
84 (NA) (NA)
Bone grafts (1,000). . 350 450 800 1,620 (NA) (NA) 30 62 (NA) (NA)
Skin grafts 4 . . . . . . 5,500 5,500 13,000 20,000 (NA) (NA) 25 59 (NA) (NA)
NA Not available. 1 Kidney-pancreas and heart-lung transplants are each counted as one procedure. All other multiorgan
transplants, excluding kidney-pancreas and heart-lung, are included in the multiorgan row. Based on the Organ Procurement and
Transplant Network (OPTN) as of May 30, 2008. The data have been supplied by UNOS under contract with HHS. This work was
supported in part by Health Resources and Services Administration contract 231-00-0015. The authors alone are responsible for
the reporting and interpretation of these data. Data subject to change based on future data submission or correction.
2
1990−1992, number of procedures and eye banks include Canada. From 1995 on, the data is for the U.S. only.
3
Eye banks. 4 Procedure data are shown in terms of square feet.
Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Office of Special
Programs, Division of Transplantation, Rockville, MD; United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), Richmond, VA; University Renal
Research and Education Association, Ann Arbor, MI; American Association of Tissue Banks, McLean, VA; and Eye Bank
Association of America, Washington, DC; and unpublished data. See also <http://www.optn.org/>.
Disease 1980 1990 1995 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
AIDS 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2) 41,595 71,547 40,758 42,745 44,232 44,108 41,120 (NA)
Botulism 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 92 97 138 118 129 133 135 48
Brucellosis (undulant fever) . . . . . 183 85 98 87 125 104 114 120 121
Chickenpox (Varicella) 4 (1,000) . . 190.9 173.1 120.6 27.4 22.8 20.9 32.9 32.2 48.4
Coccidoidomycosis . . . . . . . . . . . (2) (2) (2) 2,867 4,968 4,870 6,449 6,542 8,917
Cryptosporidiosis . . . . . . . . . . . . (2) (2) (NA) 3,128 3,016 3,506 3,577 5,659 6,071
Domestic arboviral diseases 5 . . . .
West Nile: Neuroinvasie . . . . . . . (2) (2) (2) (2) 2,840 2,866 1,142 1,309 1,495
Nonneuroinvasie . . . . . . . . . . . (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 1,691 2,774
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia
coli 0157:H7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2) (2) 2,139 4,528 3,840 2,671 2,544 2,621 (2)
Giardiasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2) (2) (2) (2) 21,206 19,709 20,636 19,733 18,953
Haemophilus influenza . . . . . . . . (2) (2) 1,180 1,398 1,743 2,013 2,085 2,304 2,496
Hansen disease (Leprosy) . . . . . . 223 198 144 91 96 95 105 87 66
Hepatitis: A (infectious) (1,000) . . . 29.1 31.4 31.6 13.4 8.8 7.7 5.7 4.5 3.6
B (serum) (1,000) . . . . . . . . . . 19.0 21.1 10.8 8.0 8.0 7.5 6.2 5.1 4.7
C/Non-A, non-B (1,000) 6 . . . . . (2) 2.6 4.6 3,197 1,835 1,102 720 652 766
Legionellosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2) 1,370 1,241 1,127 1,321 2,232 2,093 2,301 2,834
Lyme disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2) (2) 11,700 17,730 23,763 21,273 19,804 23,305 19,931
Malaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,062 1,292 1,419 1,560 1,430 1,402 1,458 1,494 1,474
Meningococcal infections . . . . . . . 2,840 2,451 3,243 2,256 1,814 1,756 1,361 1,245 1,194
Mumps (1,000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 5.3 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 6.6
Pertussis 7 (1,000) . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 4.6 5.1 7.9 9.8 11.6 25.8 25.6 15.6
Psittacosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 113 64 17 18 12 12 16 21
Rabies, animal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,421 4,826 7,811 6,934 7,609 6,846 6,345 5,915 5,534
Rocky Mountain spotted fever . . . 1,163 651 590 495 1,104 1,091 1,713 1,936 2,288
Rubella 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,904 1,125 128 176 18 7 10 11 11
Salmonellosis 9 (1,000) . . . . . . . . 33.7 48.6 46.0 39.6 44.3 43.7 42.2 45.3 45.8
Shigellosis 10 (1,000) . . . . . . . . . 19.0 27.1 32.1 22.9 23.5 23.6 14.6 16.2 15.5
Streptococcal disease, invasive,
Group A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (2) (2) (2) 3,144 4,720 5,872 4,395 4,715 5,407
Streptococcus pneumoniae,
invasive: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Drug-resistant. . . . . . . . . . . . . (2) (2) (2) 4,533 2,546 2,356 2,590 2,996 3,308
Age less than 5 years . . . . . . . (2) (2) (2) (2) 513 845 1,162 1,495 1,861
Tetanus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 64 41 35 25 20 34 27 41
Toxic-shock syndrome . . . . . . . . . (2) 322 191 135 109 133 95 90 101
Trichinosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 129 29 16 14 6 5 16 15
Tuberculosis 11 (1,000) . . . . . . . . 27.7 25.7 22.9 16.4 15.1 14.9 14.5 14.1 13.8
Typhoid fever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510 552 369 377 321 356 322 324 353
Sexually transmitted diseases:
Chlamydia (1,000). . . . . . . . .. (2) (2) 478 702 835 877 929 976 1,031
Gonorrhea (1,000) . . . . . . . .. 1,004 690 393 359 352 335 330 340 358
Syphilis (1,000). . . . . . . . . . .. 69 134 69 32 34 34 33 33 37
NA Not available. 1 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was not a notifiable disease until 1984. Figures are shown for
years in which cases were reported to the CDC. Beginning 1995, based on revised classification system and expanded
2 3
surveillance case definition. 2006 data are not available; see source for details. Disease was not notifiable. Includes
foodborne, infant, wound, and unspecified cases. 4 Chickenpox was taken off the nationally notifiable list in 1991 but many states
5
continue to report. The national surveillance case definitions for the arboviral diseases was revised in 2005, and
6
nonneuroinvasive arboviral diseases were added to the list of nationally notifiable infectious diseases. Includes some persons
7
positive for antibody to hepatitis C virus. Whooping cough. 8 German measles. Excludes congenital syndrome. 9 Excludes
typhoid fever. 10 Bacillary dysentery. 11 Newly reported active cases.
Source: Summary of Notifiable Diseases, United States, 2006, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Vol. 55, No. 53, March
21, 2008; <http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5553.pdf>.
Table 176. AIDS, 2005, Clamydia, and Lyme Diease, 2006, Cases Reported by
State
1 1 1
2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006
State Lyme State Lyme State Lyme
AIDS Clamydia diease AIDS Clamydia diease AIDS Clamydia diease
U.S. . . 41,120 1,030,911 19,931 KS . . . . . 110 7,829 4 ND . . . . . 10 1,820 7
KY . . . . . 267 8,940 7 OH. . . . . 796 40,106 43
AL . . . . . 523 22,915 11 LA . . . . . 976 17,885 1 OK . . . . . 284 12,992 −
AK . . . . . 29 4,525 3 ME. . . . . 22 2,306 338 OR. . . . . 220 9,577 7
AZ . . . . . 645 24,090 10 MD. . . . . 1,596 21,859 1,248 PA . . . . . 1,524 39,487 3,242
AR . . . . . 242 8,259 − MA. . . . . 716 15,394 1,432 RI . . . . . 90 3,142 308
CA . . . . . 4,117 135,827 85 MI . . . . . 829 36,753 55 SC . . . . . 621 22,351 20
CO. . . . . 364 16,313 − MN. . . . . 223 12,935 914 SD . . . . . 19 2,633 1
CT . . . . . 674 10,946 1,788 MS. . . . . 390 19,002 3 TN . . . . . 851 25,320 15
DE . . . . . 177 3,615 482 MO . . . . 384 22,982 5 TX . . . . . 3,152 75,543 29
DC . . . . . 708 3,368 62 MT . . . . . 20 2,650 1 UT . . . . . 66 5,092 5
FL . . . . . 5,055 48,955 34 NE . . . . . 49 5,428 11 VT . . . . . 7 1,191 105
GA . . . . . 2,396 38,972 8 NV . . . . . 296 8,398 4 VA . . . . . 649 24,087 357
HI . . . . . 110 5,548 (2) NH . . . . . 37 1,997 617 WA . . . . 486 17,819 8
ID . . . . . 26 3,345 7 NJ . . . . . 1,276 20,194 2,432 WV . . . . 76 2,910 28
IL. . . . . . 1,938 53,586 110 NM. . . . . 139 9,829 3 WI . . . . . 125 20,190 1,466
IN . . . . . 414 19,859 26 NY . . . . . 6,350 68,720 4,460 WY . . . . 6 1,422 1
IA . . . . . 95 8,390 97 NC . . . . . 945 33,615 31
− Represents zero. 1 2006 data are not available; see source for details. 2
Not notifiable.
Source: Summary of Notifiable Diseases, United States, 2006, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Vol. 55, No. 53, March
21, 2008; <http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5553.pdf>.
Table 180. Children and Youth With Disabilities Served by Selected Programs:
1995 to 2006
[In thousands (5,078.8 represents 5,078,800). As of Fall. For children and youth ages 6 to 21 served under the Individuals with
Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Part B. Includes outlying areas]
Other health impairments . . . . . . . . 134.2 294.0 341.3 393.0 452.7 512.2 561.6 599.5
Visual impairments . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.5 26.0 25.8 26.1 25.9 26.1 26.0 26.4
Autism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.1 79.6 98.6 118.8 141.1 166.5 193.8 224.6
Deaf-blind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5
Traumatic brain injury . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 14.9 20.8 21.5 22.5 23.3 23.5 23.9
Developmental delay 1 . . . . . . . . . . (X) 28.6 45.3 58.3 66.3 74.4 79.1 83.9
1
X Not applicable. States had the option of reporting children ages 3 to 9 under developmental delay beginning 1997.
Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs, Data Analysis System (DANS). See Internet site
<http://www.ideadata.org/index.html>.
5 to 15 16 to 64 65 years 5 to 15 16 to 64 65 years
State State
Total years 1 years 2 and over 3 Total years 1 years 2 and over 3
U.S. . . . 41,260 2,830 23,863 14,567 MO . . . . . 911 60 531 320
AL . . . . . . 850 52 516 283 MT . . . . . . 151 9 90 52
AK . . . . . . 91 6 64 21 NE . . . . . . 217 16 121 81
AZ . . . . . . 796 57 437 302 NV . . . . . . 288 14 169 105
AR . . . . . . 557 39 332 187 NH . . . . . . 172 12 102 58
CA . . . . . . 4,283 275 2,443 1,565 NJ . . . . . . 987 68 527 392
CO. . . . . . 546 36 334 176 NM. . . . . . 293 19 173 101
CT . . . . . . 418 28 229 161 NY . . . . . . 2,480 166 1,385 929
DE . . . . . . 120 8 69 43 NC . . . . . . 1,361 93 823 445
DC . . . . . . 75 5 44 26 ND . . . . . . 82 6 41 35
FL . . . . . . 2,680 148 1,400 1,132 OH. . . . . . 1,699 126 996 578
GA . . . . . . 1,227 83 750 393 OK . . . . . . 635 40 384 211
HI . . . . . . 152 8 77 67 OR. . . . . . 560 34 336 190
ID . . . . . . 199 14 119 66 PA . . . . . . 1,860 125 1,035 700
IL. . . . . . . 1,509 109 824 575 RI . . . . . . 156 11 91 54
IN . . . . . . 896 71 518 307 SC . . . . . . 687 41 414 233
IA . . . . . . 390 29 215 146 SD . . . . . . 97 6 51 40
KS . . . . . . 370 29 207 134 TN . . . . . . 1,043 62 645 336
KY . . . . . . 820 51 524 244 TX . . . . . . 3,081 262 1,810 1,009
LA . . . . . . 729 52 438 239 UT . . . . . . 279 25 169 85
ME. . . . . . 240 18 147 75 VT . . . . . . 98 7 60 31
MD. . . . . . 660 50 376 234 VA . . . . . . 951 66 549 335
MA. . . . . . 827 58 465 304 WA . . . . . 937 61 576 300
MI . . . . . . 1,487 111 888 488 WV . . . . . 395 21 245 129
MN. . . . . . 592 46 342 204 WI . . . . . . 687 54 389 244
MS. . . . . . 564 37 348 178 WY . . . . . 74 5 44 24
1
Persons aged 5−15 were classified as having a disability if they reported any one of the four conditions; sensory, physical,
mental, or self-care disability. 2 Persons aged 16−64 were classified as having a disability if they reported any one of the six
conditions; sensory, physical, mental, self-care disability, go-outside-home, or employment disability. 3 Persons 65 years and
over were classified as having a disability if they reported any one of the five conditions; sensory, physical, mental, self-care
disability, or go-outside-home disability.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ‘‘American Factfinder®, 2006 American Community Survey, Summary Table, Sex by Age by
Disability Status for the Civilian Noninstitutionalized Population 5 Years and Over’’; <http://www.factfinder.census.gov/>.
Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP)
diphtheria-tetanus:
3+ doses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.0 94.0 95.8 96.4 93.6 95.9 95.1 96.9
4+ doses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.0 82.0 85.2 86.6 81.4 84.7 81.9 85.8
Polio: 3+ doses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.0 90.0 92.9 93.3 90.7 93.4 91.3 92.4
Measles, mumps, rubella vaccine . . . . . . . . 90.0 91.0 92.4 92.8 91.0 92.1 89.1 94.6
Hib: 3+ doses 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.0 93.0 93.4 94.0 91.1 94.0 93.9 89.4
Hepatitis B: 3+ doses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.0 90.0 93.4 93.9 91.5 93.6 95.3 91.5
Varicella 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 68.0 89.3 88.8 89.2 89.8 84.9 92.9
PCV: 3+ doses 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) 87.0 87.2 83.3 89.1 86.8 81.1
4+ DTP/3+ polio/1+ MCV 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.0 78.0 83.2 84.7 79.1 82.3 80.0 84.9
4+ DTP/3+ polio/1+ MCV/3+ Hib . . . . . . . . . 74.0 76.0 82.3 83.9 78.6 81.7 79.5 80.4
4+ DTP/3+ polio/1+ MCV/3+ Hib/3+ HepB. . . 55.1 72.8 80.6 82.2 76.8 80.1 78.6 78.4
NA Not available. X Not Applicable. 1 Children in the Q1/2006−Q4/2006 National Immunization Survey were born between
January 2003 and June 2005. 2 Children of Hispanic ethnicity may be any race. 3 Non-Hispanic. 4 Haemophilus influenzae
type B. 5 Data collection for varicella (chicken pox) began in July 1996. 6 PCV = Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. 7 MCV
= Measles containing vaccine.
Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, National Immunization Program, Data and Statistics,
Immunization Coverage in the U.S.; <http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/stats-surv/imz-coverage.htm#nis>.
Characteristic 2000 2004 2005 2006 Characteristic 2000 2004 2005 2006
Total 1, 2 . . . . . . . . 11.7 11.9 11.7 11.6 Male 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.7 11.8 11.7 11.6
Under 18 years old . . . . . 6.0 7.0 7.0 7.3 Female 2 . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 11.9 11.6 11.5
18 to 44 years old . . . . . 5.8 6.0 5.7 5.5
45 to 54 years old . . . . . 12.4 12.5 11.9 12.5 White, non-Hispanic 2 . . . 11.5 12.1 11.5 11.8
55 to 64 years old . . . . . 19.7 19.9 19.9 20.0 Black, non-Hispanic 2 . . . 14.3 15.3 14.1 14.1
65 to 74 years old . . . . . 26.1 25.5 25.2 24.8 Hispanic 2, 3 . . . . . . . . . 10.3 10.2 10.5 10.0
75 years and over old . . . 45.1 43.9 43.5 41.6 Mexican . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 10.1 11.4 9.8
1
Includes all other races not shown separately. 2 Estimates for all persons are age adjusted to the year 2000 standard using
six age groups: Under 18 years, 18−44 years, 45−54 years, 55−64 years, 65−74 years, and 75 years and over. 3 Persons of
Hispanic origin may be any race.
Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, Health, United States, annual; <http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus.htm>.
Table 186. Persons 65 Years Old and Over With Limitation of Activity Caused
by Chronic Conditions: 2000 to 2006
[In percent. Covers noninstitutionalized persons 65 years old and over. To determine activities of daily living (ADL) limitations,
respondents were asked ‘‘Because of a physical, mental, or emotional problem, does (this person) need the help of other persons
with personal care needs, such as eating, bathing, dressing, or getting around inside this home?’’ Instrumental activities of daily
living (IADL) were determined by asking respondents ‘‘Because of a physical, mental, or emotional problem, does (this person)
need the help of other persons in handling routine needs, such as everyday household chores, doing necessary business,
shopping, or getting around for other purposes?’’ See also headnote, Table 185]
Table 191. Persons 18 Years of Age and Over With Migraines and Pains in the
Neck, Lower Back, Face or Jaw, by Selected Characteristics: 2006
[In thousands (220,267 represents 220,267,000). Based on National Health Interview Survey, a sample survey of the civilian
noninstitutionalized populaion, Appendix III]
1
Migraines and pains
Selected characteristic Migraines or Pains in Pains in
Total severe Pain in lower face or
persons headaches 2 neck 3 back 3 jaw 3
4
Total .................... .. 220,267 33,099 32,002 60,607 9,893
SEX
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 106,252 10,340 12,972 27,300 3,058
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 114,014 22,759 19,030 33,307 6,835
AGE
18 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110,391 19,598 12,934 26,309 4,913
45 to 64 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,203 10,913 13,756 23,036 3,662
65 to 74 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,081 1,611 3,010 5,942 768
75 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,593 977 2,302 5,319 550
RACE
Race alone 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217,760 32,559 31,489 59,623 9,679
White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179,456 26,977 27,487 50,988 8,471
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,223 4,236 2,769 6,264 872
6
American Indian or Alaska Native. . . . . . . . 1,784 355 275 588 104
Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,066 966 936 1,719 233
6
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander. . . 231 (B) (B) 64 −
Two or more races 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,506 540 512 984 213
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE 8
Hispanic or Latino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,664 4,253 3,459 6,684 975
Mexican or Mexican American . . . . . . . . . . 18,116 2,548 1,871 3,878 508
Not Hispanic or Latino. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191,603 28,846 28,543 53,923 8,917
White, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,235 23,126 24,406 45,019 7,586
Black or African American, single race . . . . 25,145 4,056 2,621 5,989 841
− Represents zero. B Figure too small to meet statistical standards for reliability of a derived figure. 1 A person may be
represented in more than one column. 2 Respondents were asked, ‘‘During the past 3 months, did you have a severe headache
or migraine?’’ Respondents were instructed to report pain that had lasted a whole day or more and, conversely, not to report fleeting
or minor aches or pains. 3 Respondents were asked, ‘‘During the past 3 months, did you have a neck pain; or low back pain;
or facial ache or pain in the jaw muscles or the joint in front of the ear?’’ Respondents were instructed to report pain that had lasted
a whole day or more and, conversely, not to report fleeting or minor aches or pains. 4 Total includes other races not shown
5 6
separately. Refers to persons who indicated only a single race group. Figure does not meet standard of reliability or
precision. 7 Refers to all persons who indicated more than one race group. 8 Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be any
race or combination of races.
Source: Vital and Health Statistics, Series 10, Number 235, Summary Health Statistics for U.S. Adults: National Health
Interview Survey, 2006; <http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_10/sr10_235.pdf>.
Both sexes
External cause and Under 12 to 22 to 45 to 65
nature of injury Total, 12 21 44 64 years
age- years years years years old and Male, Female,
Total adjusted 1 old old old old over total total
EPISODES
Number (1,000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 33,256 (X) 4,642 5,641 9,956 7,642 5,376 17,107 16,149
Annual rate per 1,000 population,
2
total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 113.2 113.5 96.3 135.6 105.8 102.9 151.1 118.9 107.7
Fall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 44.5 44.8 46.1 46.0 25.3 35.0 111.0 38.8 49.9
Struck by or against a person or
4
an object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.4 13.5 20.2 21.5 11.5 11.2 4.1 14.5 12.3
Transportation 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6 11.5 4
7.0 17.1 11.5 13.4 4
7.4 13.7 9.5
4 4
Overexertion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.6 15.4 3.7 14.8 20.6 18.5 13.1 16.3 14.8
4 4 4 4
Cutting, piercing instruments. . . . . 8.9 9.0 5.8 9.1 14.0 7.2 3.5 11.0 7.0
Poisoning 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2 4
2.2 4
4.1 4
3.84 1.0 4
1.5 4
2.1 4
1.9 4
2.5
CONDITIONS
Annual rate per 1,000 population,
total 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.9 154.7 110.3 176.7 145.9 156.4 210.9 158.6 151.5
Sprains/strains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.7 45.2 19.5 36.7 51.4 59.3 48.5 41.4 49.9
4
Open wounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.8 21.1 30.4 26.3 22.0 12.1 16.1 29.2 12.7
Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.3 25.4 15.6 38.5 16.5 21.4 54.4 28.9 21.8
4
Contusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.2 27.1 16.9 24.6 22.1 29.0 53.8 23.7 30.5
1 2
X Not applicable. Data were age-adjusted using the 2000 standard population. Includes other items not shown
separately. 3 Includes the categories ‘‘Motor vehicle traffic’’; ‘‘Pedal cycle, other’’; ‘‘Pedestrian, other’’; and ‘‘Transport, other.’’
4 5
Figure does not meet standard of reliability or precision. Poisoning episodes are assumed to have a single condition resulting
from the episode.
Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, Vital and Health Statistics, unpublished data.
State Total Male Female State Total Male Female State Total Male Female
1
U.S. .. 20.2 22.2 18.5 KS . . . . . . 20.0 22.2 18.0 ND . . . . . . 19.6 21.0 18.1
KY . . . . . . 28.6 29.1 28.1 OH. . . . . . 22.5 24.9 20.2
AL . . . . . . 23.3 26.3 20.6 LA . . . . . . 23.4 28.6 20.5 OK . . . . . . 25.1 27.9 22.5
AK . . . . . . 24.2 25.3 22.9 ME. . . . . . 20.9 21.8 20.0 OR. . . . . . 18.5 19.7 17.2
AZ . . . . . . 18.1 21.7 14.7 MD. . . . . . 17.8 19.1 16.7 PA . . . . . . 21.5 22.3 20.8
AR . . . . . . 23.7 25.9 21.7 MA. . . . . . 17.8 19.4 16.4 RI . . . . . . 19.3 19.7 18.9
CA . . . . . . 14.9 18.5 11.4 MI . . . . . . 22.4 24.8 20.1 SC . . . . . . 22.3 25.7 19.2
CO. . . . . . 17.9 19.3 16.4 MN. . . . . . 18.3 18.5 18.2 SD . . . . . . 20.4 21.6 19.2
CT . . . . . . 17.0 18.9 15.3 MS. . . . . . 25.1 27.9 22.5 TN . . . . . . 22.6 23.8 21.5
DE . . . . . . 21.7 23.3 20.2 MO . . . . . 23.3 24.7 22.1 TX . . . . . . 18.1 20.6 15.6
DC . . . . . . 17.9 21.4 14.9 MT . . . . . . 19.0 18.5 19.6 UT . . . . . . 9.8 10.4 9.2
FL . . . . . . 21.0 23.6 18.7 NE . . . . . . 18.6 19.6 17.7 VT . . . . . . 18.0 19.4 16.7
GA . . . . . . 20.0 22.4 17.7 NV . . . . . . 22.2 22.9 21.4 VA . . . . . . 19.3 20.1 18.5
HI . . . . . . 17.5 19.2 16.0 NH . . . . . . 18.7 19.3 18.2 WA . . . . . 17.1 18.9 15.3
ID . . . . . . 16.8 18.7 15.0 NJ . . . . . . 18.1 20.8 15.6 WV . . . . . 25.7 25.4 26.0
IL. . . . . . . 20.5 24.2 17.0 NM. . . . . . 20.2 22.6 17.8 WI . . . . . . 20.8 23.4 18.3
IN . . . . . . 24.1 26.3 21.9 NY . . . . . . 18.3 19.0 17.6 WY . . . . . 21.6 23.8 19.4
IA . . . . . . 21.5 23.2 19.9 NC . . . . . . 22.1 25.3 19.0
1
Represents median value among the states and DC. For definition of median, see Guide to Tabular Presentations.
Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Vol. 56, No. 38,
(released 28 September 2007; <http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr>.
Table 199. Drug Use by Type of Drug and Age Group: 2002 and 2006
[In percent. Data comes from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Current users are those who used drugs
at least once within month prior to this study. Based on a representative sample of the U.S. population age 12 years and older,
including persons living in households and in some group quarters such as dormitories and homeless shelters. Estimates are
based on computer-assisted interviews of about 68,000 respondents. Subject to sampling variability; see source]
AL . . . . . . . . 279 181 152 1,045 710 7.4 4.8 4.0 27.6 18.7
AK. . . . . . . . 58 46 22 127 113 11.1 8.8 4.2 24.3 21.6
AZ . . . . . . . . 395 254 218 1,159 1,118 8.1 5.2 4.5 23.7 22.9
AR. . . . . . . . 192 131 103 668 475 8.4 5.7 4.5 29.1 20.7
CA. . . . . . . . 2,675 1,970 1,149 5,846 6,124 9.1 6.7 3.9 19.9 20.8
CO . . . . . . . 384 295 162 851 949 10.0 7.7 4.2 22.2 24.7
CT. . . . . . . . 268 222 113 623 734 9.2 7.6 3.9 21.3 25.1
DE. . . . . . . . 57 42 25 172 150 8.1 5.9 3.6 24.5 21.3
DC . . . . . . . 53 40 21 122 135 11.1 8.4 4.5 25.6 28.3
FL . . . . . . . . 1,218 850 615 3,557 3,349 8.1 5.7 4.1 23.7 22.3
GA . . . . . . . 578 436 245 1,723 1,457 7.8 5.9 3.3 23.2 19.7
HI . . . . . . . . 83 57 34 203 221 8.0 5.5 3.3 19.6 21.4
ID . . . . . . . . 84 62 41 274 256 7.2 5.3 3.5 23.5 21.9
IL . . . . . . . . 772 562 349 2,713 2,671 7.4 5.4 3.3 25.9 25.5
IN . . . . . . . . 417 286 216 1,455 1,089 8.1 5.5 4.2 28.2 21.1
IA . . . . . . . . 157 116 76 630 674 6.3 4.7 3.1 25.4 27.1
KS. . . . . . . . 177 131 91 598 571 7.9 5.8 4.0 26.6 25.4
KY. . . . . . . . 242 171 121 1,064 754 7.0 4.9 3.5 30.8 21.8
LA . . . . . . . . 299 198 164 968 840 8.4 5.6 4.6 27.1 23.5
ME . . . . . . . 113 102 35 306 254 10.0 9.0 3.1 27.0 22.4
MD . . . . . . . 287 221 142 1,017 933 6.2 4.8 3.1 22.0 20.2
MA . . . . . . . 537 429 249 1,277 1,349 10.0 8.0 4.6 23.7 25.0
MI . . . . . . . . 734 539 350 2,347 2,128 8.8 6.4 4.2 28.0 25.4
MN . . . . . . . 349 307 135 1,071 1,193 8.2 7.2 3.2 25.0 27.9
MS . . . . . . . 177 120 88 638 433 7.5 5.1 3.8 27.1 18.4
MO . . . . . . . 385 261 181 1,427 1,148 8.0 5.4 3.8 29.7 23.9
MT . . . . . . . 84 73 28 218 226 10.7 9.2 3.5 27.6 28.6
NE. . . . . . . . 102 75 48 371 385 7.1 5.2 3.3 25.7 26.7
NV. . . . . . . . 188 136 85 539 476 9.4 6.8 4.3 26.9 23.8
NH . . . . . . . 98 85 34 254 265 8.9 7.6 3.1 22.9 23.8
NJ . . . . . . . . 537 379 247 1,522 1,610 7.4 5.3 3.4 21.1 22.3
NM . . . . . . . 132 96 61 384 322 8.3 6.1 3.8 24.2 20.3
NY. . . . . . . . 1,508 1,139 618 3,895 3,774 9.4 7.1 3.9 24.2 23.5
NC . . . . . . . 549 399 285 1,876 1,390 7.7 5.6 4.0 26.3 19.5
ND . . . . . . . 30 23 13 134 161 5.7 4.4 2.5 25.2 30.3
OH . . . . . . . 754 584 328 2,709 2,326 7.9 6.1 3.5 28.5 24.5
OK . . . . . . . 244 153 117 908 613 8.4 5.3 4.0 31.3 21.1
OR . . . . . . . 295 242 116 700 665 9.6 7.9 3.8 22.8 21.6
PA . . . . . . . . 798 605 333 2,753 2,411 7.7 5.8 3.2 26.4 23.1
RI . . . . . . . . 101 83 41 223 244 11.2 9.2 4.5 24.7 27.1
SC. . . . . . . . 255 191 122 1,050 735 7.3 5.4 3.5 29.8 20.9
SD. . . . . . . . 44 33 18 168 179 6.9 5.2 2.8 26.5 28.1
TN. . . . . . . . 442 303 234 1,581 1,021 8.9 6.1 4.7 31.8 20.5
TX . . . . . . . . 1,247 800 721 4,696 4,421 6.8 4.4 3.9 25.5 24.1
UT. . . . . . . . 133 85 75 377 339 6.8 4.3 3.9 19.3 17.4
VT . . . . . . . . 59 52 21 134 140 11.0 9.7 4.0 25.1 26.0
VA . . . . . . . . 448 341 210 1,535 1,344 7.3 5.5 3.4 24.9 21.8
WA . . . . . . . 528 434 206 1,225 1,199 10.0 8.3 3.9 23.3 22.8
WV . . . . . . . 123 92 65 501 292 8.0 6.0 4.2 32.5 18.9
WI . . . . . . . . 333 259 148 1,289 1,363 7.2 5.6 3.2 27.8 29.4
WY . . . . . . . 37 29 16 119 108 8.7 6.8 3.6 27.8 25.2
1
Illicit drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type
psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit drugs other than marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens,
inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. 2 Binge alcohol use is defined as drinking five or more
drinks on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days.
Source: U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005
and 2006; <http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/nhsda.htm>.
Males Females
Height 20−29 30−39 40−49 50−59 60−69 70−79 20−29 30−39 40−49 50−59 60−69 70−79
years years years years years years years years years years years years
Percent under—
1 1
4’10’’ . . . . . . − − − − − − 1.1 0.9 (B) 2.0 1.7 2.6
1
4’11’’. . . . . . . − − − − − (B) 2.2 2.1 2.0 3.1 3.0 5.9
5’ . . . . . . . . . − (B) − − (B) (B) 5.5 5.2 6.3 8.2 6.1 13.5
5’1’’ . . . . . . . (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) 10.6 12.1 11.7 13.6 14.3 23.1
1
5’2’’ . . . . . . . (B) (B) 0.3 (B) (B) (B) 18.5 19.6 19.6 20.8 23.9 37.3
1 1 1 1
5’3’’ . . . . . . . 1.2 2.6 1.2 (B) 2.0 1.1 32.1 30.4 31.1 36.6 40.9 55.4
1
5’4’’ . . . . . . . 2.8 4.8 2.8 2.7 4.1 5.3 47.4 45.2 46.3 53.6 54.1 68.7
5’5’’ . . . . . . . 6.0 8.7 3.7 4.9 8.3 12.5 60.7 61.4 63.1 65.4 70.3 82.2
5’6’’ . . . . . . . 10.8 13.6 8.5 10.8 14.0 20.2 74.2 74.1 75.6 79.1 82.7 90.0
5’7’’ . . . . . . . 16.7 20.3 15.4 19.6 21.9 28.8 85.6 83.4 85.3 90.1 90.5 96.1
5’8’’ . . . . . . . 25.8 30.8 24.9 30.6 36.4 42.4 94.0 91.3 91.5 95.8 96.0 99.0
5’9’’ . . . . . . . 37.8 42.7 38.8 43.5 48.6 54.1 97.2 96.1 95.7 98.9 96.9 99.7
5’10’’ . . . . . . 49.7 57.7 54.3 56.2 61.7 71.1 98.8 98.6 98.4 99.5 98.2 100.0
5’11’’. . . . . . . 62.4 71.1 65.9 71.3 72.0 84.0 99.6 99.6 99.8 99.7 99.7 100.0
6’ . . . . . . . . . 73.5 80.7 78.0 80.7 84.9 89.0 99.8 99.9 100.0 99.9 99.7 100.0
6’1’’ . . . . . . . 85.0 88.5 88.1 87.6 91.5 94.0 99.8 99.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
6’2’’ . . . . . . . 91.4 92.1 94.6 93.2 95.3 97.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
6’3’’ . . . . . . . 95.5 95.9 97.6 96.8 98.3 98.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
6’4’’ . . . . . . . 98.7 97.7 99.3 98.8 99.3 99.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
6’5’’ . . . . . . . 99.0 99.0 99.4 99.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
6’6’’ . . . . . . . 99.8 99.7 99.9 99.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
1
− Represents zero. B Base figure too small to meet statistical standards of reliability of a derived figure. Figure does not
meet standard of reliability or precision.
Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, unpublished data; <http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes.htm>.
Males Females
Weight 20−29 30−39 40−49 50−59 60−69 70−79 20−29 30−39 40−49 50−59 60−69 70−79
years years years years years years years years years years years years
Percent under—
100 lbs.. . . . . (B) (B) − − (B) (B) 2.6 (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)
1 1 1
110 lbs. . . . . . (B) (B) (B) − (B) (B) 7.2 2.4 1.9 2.9 3.3 4.9
1
120 lbs.. . . . . 1.5 (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) 18.9 10.8 8.9 9.1 7.1 12.4
1 1 1
130 lbs.. . . . . 4.5 1.4 1.5 3.1 2.2 3.2 32.3 22.7 15.6 17.8 15.1 22.2
140 lbs.. . . . . 10.1 6.0 3.1 4.6 4.6 7.9 46.6 35.7 26.5 25.9 24.5 34.3
150 lbs.. . . . . 16.5 11.5 6.2 9.0 8.0 13.5 55.0 45.2 39.7 35.7 34.8 47.3
160 lbs.. . . . . 28.2 20.9 12.3 15.2 13.3 22.0 63.1 55.1 49.6 47.0 46.1 59.7
170 lbs.. . . . . 39.6 31.0 20.1 24.9 22.7 32.0 71.8 62.7 58.1 58.4 57.4 69.5
180 lbs.. . . . . 52.4 41.3 30.3 37.0 30.9 44.4 77.9 71.9 65.4 65.7 66.6 79.8
190 lbs.. . . . . 62.8 50.8 42.3 46.3 43.2 54.2 82.1 77.6 70.4 72.0 74.8 86.9
200 lbs.. . . . . 70.4 60.6 52.5 55.8 52.6 65.5 86.5 81.0 77.2 77.6 80.1 88.7
210 lbs.. . . . . 76.5 68.6 63.3 64.8 64.8 75.3 88.3 85.8 82.1 82.0 85.1 92.5
220 lbs.. . . . . 80.8 76.7 72.3 73.2 73.5 85.5 90.5 88.5 84.5 85.5 88.8 94.8
230 lbs.. . . . . 84.9 84.8 77.7 79.7 80.0 89.5 93.2 90.8 88.5 88.4 91.7 96.7
240 lbs.. . . . . 88.6 89.2 83.9 85.7 86.2 91.7 94.8 93.1 90.7 91.3 93.4 97.9
250 lbs.. . . . . 92.0 91.6 88.8 89.9 90.9 93.5 95.3 94.6 93.5 93.2 95.8 98.7
260 lbs.. . . . . 93.9 93.9 92.5 91.2 93.7 95.6 96.3 96.0 95.1 95.1 97.2 99.2
270 lbs.. . . . . 95.3 94.9 93.8 93.5 96.0 97.6 97.2 97.2 95.8 96.3 98.2 99.4
280 lbs.. . . . . 96.2 95.6 95.8 95.7 97.0 98.0 98.4 97.9 97.2 97.3 98.6 99.4
290 lbs.. . . . . 96.6 96.2 96.2 97.2 98.1 99.0 98.7 98.3 98.1 97.6 98.6 99.5
300 lbs.. . . . . 96.8 97.2 97.1 98.5 98.2 99.4 98.8 98.6 98.5 98.4 98.9 99.6
320 lbs.. . . . . 98.0 98.5 98.5 99.3 99.0 99.8 99.7 99.1 99.2 98.9 99.4 100.0
340 lbs.. . . . . 98.7 99.1 99.1 99.6 99.5 100.0 99.7 99.6 99.6 99.3 99.4 100.0
360 lbs.. . . . . 99.3 99.2 99.5 99.8 99.7 100.0 99.9 99.8 100.0 99.7 99.6 100.0
380 lbs.. . . . . 99.5 99.6 99.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.9 99.9 100.0 99.7 99.6 100.0
400 lbs.. . . . . 99.6 99.8 99.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.9 99.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
420 lbs.. . . . . 99.6 99.8 99.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
440 lbs.. . . . . 99.8 99.9 99.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
1
− Represents zero. B Base figure too small to meet statistical standards of reliability of a derived figure. Figure does not
meet standard of reliability or precision.
Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, unpublished data; <http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes.htm>.
Persons Persons
Persons not Persons not
who meet meeting Persons who meet meeting Persons
Characteristic Characteristic
recom- recom- who are recom- recom- who are
mended mended physically mended mended physically
activity 1 activity 2
inactive 3 activity 1 activity 2
inactive 3
Total . . . . . . . . 48.3 51.7 25.1 30 to 44 years old . .. 50.3 49.7 24.3
45 to 64 years old . .. 45.8 54.2 27.3
Male. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.9 50.1 22.9 65 to 74 years old . .. 41.2 58.8 31.7
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.0 53.0 27.1 75 years old and
over . . . . . . . . . .. 31.8 68.2 41.8
White, non-Hispanic . . . 50.9 49.1 21.4
Black, non-Hispanic. . . . 40.2 59.8 32.8 School years completed:
Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . 42.1 57.9 37.4 Less than 12 years . . 37.2 62.8 45.4
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.2 53.8 25.5 12 years . . . . . . . . . 45.6 54.4 31.4
Some college (13 to
Males: 15 years) . . . . . . . . 49.2 50.8 22.5
18 to 29 years old . . . 58.5 41.5 18.8 College (16 or more
30 to 44 years old . . . 50.1 49.9 21.0 years) . . . . . . . . . . 54.2 45.8 13.8
45 to 64 years old . . . 46.6 53.4 24.6
65 to 74 years old . . . 47.7 52.3 26.0 Household income:
75 years old and Less than $10,000 . . . 36.9 63.1 44.6
over . . . . . . . . . .. 40.3 59.7 32.0 $10,000 to $19,999 . . 38.7 61.3 39.8
$20,000 to $34,999 . . 45.3 54.7 30.6
Females: $35,000 to $49,999 . . 49.1 50.9 22.9
18 to 29 years old . . . 52.1 47.9 23.2 $50,000 and over . . . 55.0 45.0 15.0
1
Recommended activity is physical activity at least 5 times a week for 30 minutes at a time or vigorous physical activity for
20 minutes at a time at least 3 times/week. This can be accomplished through lifestyle activities (i.e., household, transportation,
or leisure-time activities). 2 Doing more than 10 minutes total per week of moderate- or vigorous-intensity lifestyle activities (i.e.,
household, transportation, or leisure-time activities), but less than the recommended level of activity. 3 Persons with no reported
physical activities in the previous month.
Source: U.S. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, ‘‘Nutrition and Physical Activity’’; and
unpublished data. <http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa>.
Met Met
currently previously No Enrolled in physical education class
recom- recom- vigorous
Characteristic mended mended or Exercised Watched
levels of levels of moderate 20 minutes Played on 3 or more
physical physical physical Attended or more a sports hours/day
activity 1 activity 2 activity 3 Total daily per class 4 team of TV
All students . . . . 35.8 68.7 9.6 54.2 33.0 84.0 56.0 37.2
Table 206. Households and Persons Having Problems With Access to Food:
2002 to 2006
[108,601 represents 108,601,000. Food-secure means that a household had access at all times to enough food for an active
healthy life for all household members, with no need for recourse to socially unacceptable food sources or extraordinary coping
behaviors to meet their basic food needs. Food-insecure households had limited or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable foods
in socially acceptable ways. Households with very low food security (a subset of food-insecure households) were those in which
food intake of one or more household members was reduced and normal eating patterns disrupted due to inadequate resources
for food. The severity of food insecurity in households is measured through a series of questions about experiences and behaviors
known to characterize households that are having difficulty meeting basic food needs. These experiences and behaviors generally
occur in an ordered sequence as the severity of food insecurity increases. As resources become more constrained, adults in typical
households first worry about having enough food, then they stretch household resources and juggle other necessities, then
decrease the quality and variety of household members’ diets, then decrease the frequency and quantity of adults’ food intake, and
finally decrease the frequency and quantity of children’s food intake. All questions refer to the previous 12 months and include a
qualifying phrase reminding respondents to report only those occurrences that resulted from inadequate financial resources.
Restrictions to food intake due to dieting or busy schedules are excluded. The omission of homeless persons may be a cause of
underreporting. Data are from the Food Security Supplement to the Current Population Survey (CPS); for details about the CPS,
see text, Section 1, Population, and Appendix III]
Adult members. . . . . . . . . . . 206,493 213,441 215,564 217,897 220,423 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
In food-secure households . . . . . . . 184,718 190,451 191,236 195,172 197,536 89.5 89.2 88.7 89.6 89.6
In food-insecure households . . . . . . 21,775 22,990 24,328 22,725 22,887 10.5 10.8 11.3 10.4 10.4
With low food security . . . . . . . . 15,486 16,358 16,946 15,146 15,193 7.5 7.7 7.9 7.0 6.9
2
With very low food security . . . . 6,289 6,632 7,382 7,579 7,694 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.5 3.5
Child members. . . . . . . . ... 72,542 72,969 73,039 73,604 73,587 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
In food-secure households . . . . ... 59,415 59,704 59,171 61,201 60,959 81.9 81.8 81.0 83.1 82.8
In food-insecure households . . . ... 13,127 13,265 13,868 12,403 12,628 18.1 18.2 19.0 16.9 17.2
With low food security among
adults or children . . . . . . . . ... 12,560 12,845 13,323 11,797 12,198 17.3 17.6 18.2 16.0 16.6
With very low food security
among children 3 . . . . . . . . ... 567 420 545 606 430 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.6
1
Prior to 2006, USDA described these households as food insecure without hunger. 2 Food intake of one or more members
in these households was reduced and normal eating patterns disrupted at some time during the year because of the household’s
3
food insecurity. Prior to 2006, USDA described these households as food insecure with hunger. The food security survey
measures food security status at the household level. Not all children residing in food-insecure households were directly affected
by the households food insecurity. Similarly, not all children in households classified as having very low food security among
children were subject to the reductions in food intake and disruptions in eating patterns that characterize this condition. Young
children, in particular, are often protected from effects of the households food insecurity.
Source: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Household Food Security in the United States, 2006,
Economic Research Report Number 49; November 2007; <http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/err49/>.
Commodity 1980 1990 1995 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Nonalcoholic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.5 134.6 138.0 150.9 149.3 151.0 152.8 152.8 154.0
Milk (plain and flavored) . . . . . . . . . 27.6 25.7 23.9 22.5 21.9 21.6 21.3 21.0 21.0
Whole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.0 10.5 8.6 8.1 7.7 7.6 7.3 6.9 6.7
Reduced-fat, light, and skim . . . . 10.5 15.2 15.3 14.4 14.2 14.0 14.0 14.1 14.3
Tea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 6.9 7.9 7.8 7.8 7.5 7.9 7.9 8.4
Coffee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.7 26.8 20.2 26.3 23.6 24.2 24.6 24.2 24.3
Bottled water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 8.8 11.6 16.7 20.1 21.6 23.2 25.5 27.6
Carbonated soft drinks . . . . . . . . . . 33.6 47.1 50.6 53.2 52.8 52.5 52.4 51.6 50.6
Diet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 14.0 13.8 13.8 14.4 15.0 15.9 16.1 15.9
Regular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 33.1 36.8 39.4 38.5 37.5 36.6 35.6 34.6
Fruit juices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 6.9 8.0 9.0 8.0 8.6 8.6 8.2 8.2
Fruit drinks, cocktails, and ades. . . . (NA) 12.3 15.0 14.8 14.6 14.5 14.3 13.9 13.5
Canned iced tea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 0.1 0.7 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
Vegetable juices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Alcoholic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.3 27.5 24.7 25.0 25.1 25.1 25.2 25.1 25.3
Beer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.3 23.9 21.8 21.7 21.8 21.6 21.7 21.5 21.6
Wine 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 2.0 1.7 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3
Distilled spirits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4
1
NA Not available. Beginning 1983, includes wine coolers.
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures,
1970−1997; Food Consumption (Per Capita) Data System; <http://www.ers.usda.gov/data/foodconsumption/>.
Commodity 1980 1990 1995 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Fruits and vegetables, total 1. . . 603.6 642.5 682.3 708.9 680.9 701.2 700.0 685.3 675.3
Fruits, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265.0 256.8 274.6 285.6 268.5 279.9 279.0 270.6 269.5
Fresh fruits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.2 116.6 123.1 128.5 126.7 128.2 128.0 126.3 129.1
Noncitrus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.5 95.6 99.6 105.0 103.4 104.3 105.3 104.6 107.5
Apples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.4 19.8 18.9 17.5 16.0 16.9 18.8 16.7 17.8
Bananas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.8 24.3 27.1 28.4 26.8 26.2 25.8 25.2 25.1
Cantaloupes . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 9.2 9.0 11.1 11.1 10.8 10.0 9.8 9.6
Grapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 7.9 7.5 7.4 8.4 7.7 7.8 8.6 7.7
Peaches and nectarines. . . . . 7.1 5.5 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.1 4.8 4.6
Pears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.2
Pineapples . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 2.0 1.9 3.2 3.8 4.4 4.4 4.9 5.2
Plums and prunes. . . . . . . . . 1.5 1.5 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0
Strawberries . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 3.2 4.1 4.9 4.6 5.3 5.5 5.8 6.1
Watermelons . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 13.3 15.2 13.8 14.0 13.5 13.0 14.0 15.9
Other 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 5.4 6.3 8.7 9.1 10.1 10.8 10.7 11.4
Fresh citrus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.1 21.4 23.8 23.5 23.4 23.9 22.7 21.7 21.6
Oranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.3 12.4 11.8 11.7 11.7 11.9 10.8 11.4 10.2
Grapefruit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 4.4 6.0 5.1 4.6 4.1 4.1 2.6 2.3
Other 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.6 6.0 6.7 7.0 8.0 7.8 7.6 9.0
Processed fruits . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158.8 140.2 151.4 157.1 141.7 151.7 150.9 144.4 140.4
Frozen fruits 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 4.3 5.2 4.2 4.1 5.5 4.9 5.2 5.0
Dried fruits 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 12.1 12.6 10.4 10.4 9.8 9.2 10.0 10.0
Canned fruits 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.5 20.9 17.3 17.5 16.7 17.2 16.9 16.5 15.3
Fruit juices 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.0 102.7 116.0 124.6 110.3 118.9 119.4 112.2 109.4
Vegetables, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338.6 385.7 407.7 423.4 412.4 421.3 421.0 414.7 405.8
Fresh vegetables. . . . . . . . . . . . . 151.6 170.5 181.3 199.2 195.2 199.8 201.0 197.6 195.5
Asparagus (all uses) . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1
Broccoli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 3.4 4.3 5.9 5.3 5.5 5.6 5.6 6.1
Cabbage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 8.3 8.1 8.9 8.3 7.6 8.3 8.1 8.2
Carrots. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 8.3 11.2 9.2 8.4 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.7
Cauliflower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 2.2 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.7
Celery (all uses). . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 7.2 6.9 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.2 5.9 6.1
Corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 6.7 7.8 9.0 9.0 9.5 9.2 8.9 8.7
Cucumbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.7 5.6 6.4 6.6 6.2 6.5 6.3 6.3
Head lettuce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.6 27.7 22.2 23.5 22.5 22.2 21.3 21.1 20.2
Mushrooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 2.0 2.0 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6
Onions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 15.1 17.8 18.9 19.3 19.5 21.6 21.1 19.8
Snap beans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 1.1 1.6 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 2.1
Bell peppers (all uses) . . . . . . . 2.9 4.5 6.2 7.0 6.7 6.9 7.0 7.1 7.0
Potatoes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.1 46.7 49.2 47.1 44.3 46.9 45.8 42.4 37.3
Sweet potatoes (all uses) . . . . . 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.2 3.8 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.6
Tomatoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.8 15.5 16.8 19.0 20.3 19.5 20.0 20.2 19.9
Other fresh vegetables 8 . . . . . . 6.0 11.8 14.7 26.7 27.3 29.2 28.9 30.5 35.0
Processed vegetables . . . . . . . . . 187.0 215.2 226.4 224.1 217.2 221.5 220.1 217.0 210.2
Selected vegetables for
freezing 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 51.5 66.8 78.8 79.3 76.8 78.7 78.8 75.5 74.5
Selected vegetables for
canning 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.5 110.3 108.2 103.2 100.6 100.9 102.8 104.9 94.8
Vegetables for dehydrating 11 . . . 10.5 14.6 14.5 17.3 15.8 17.3 15.2 13.7 15.0
Potatoes for chips . . . . . . . . . . 16.5 16.4 16.4 15.9 16.5 17.3 16.5 16.0 18.9
Pulses 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 7.2 8.4 8.5 7.5 7.3 6.7 7.0 7.1
1
Excludes wine grapes. 2 Apricots, avocados, cherries, cranberries, kiwifruit, mangoes, papayas, and honeydew melons.
3
Lemons, limes, tangerines, and tangelos. 4 Apples, apricots, blackberries, blueberries, boysenberries, cherries, loganberries,
5
peaches, plums, prunes, raspberries, and strawberries. Apples, apricots, dates, figs, peaches, pears, prunes, and raisins.
6
Apples, apricots, cherries, olives, peaches, pears, pineapples, plums, and prunes. 7 Apple, cranberry, grape, grapefruit, lemon,
8
lime, orange, pineapple, and prunes. Artichokes, brussels sprouts, eggplant, escarole, endive, garlic, romaine, leaf lettuce,
radishes, spinach, and squash. Beginning 2000, includes collard greens, kale, mustard greens, okra, pumpkin, and turnip
greens. 9 Asparagus, snap beans, lima beans, broccoli, carrots, cauliflower, sweet corn, green peas, potatoes, spinach, and
10
miscellaneous vegetables. Asparagus, snap beans, beets, cabbage, carrots, chili peppers, sweet corn, cucumbers for
pickling, green peas, lima beans, mushrooms, spinach, and tomatoes. 11 Onions and potatoes. 12 Dry peas, lentils, and dry
edible beans.
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, Food
Availability (Per Capita) Data System; <http://www.ers.usda.gov/data/foodconsumption/>.
This section presents data primarily con- education. Reports published by the
cerning formal education as a whole, at Bureau of Labor Statistics contain data
various levels, and for public and private relating civilian labor force experience to
schools. Data shown relate to the school- educational attainment (see also Tables
age population and school enrollment, 572, 599, and 607 in Section 12, Labor
educational attainment, education person- Force, Employment, and Earnings).
nel, and financial aspects of education.
In addition, data are shown for charter Types and sources of data—The statis-
schools, security measures used in tics in this section are of two general
schools, computer usage in schools, and types. One type, exemplified by data from
adult education. The chief sources are the the Census Bureau, is based on direct
decennial census of population and the interviews with individuals to obtain
Current Population Survey (CPS), both information about their own and their
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau (see family members’ education. Data of this
text, Section 1, Population); annual, bien- type relate to school enrollment and level
nial, and other periodic surveys con-
of education attained, classified by age,
ducted by the National Center for Educa-
sex, and other characteristics of the popu-
tion Statistics (NCES), a part of the U.S.
lation. The school enrollment statistics
Department of Education; and surveys
reflect attendance or enrollment in any
conducted by the National Education
Association. regular school within a given period; edu-
cational attainment statistics reflect the
The censuses of population have included highest grade completed by an individual,
data on school enrollment since 1840 and or beginning 1992, the highest diploma
on educational attainment since 1940. or degree received.
The CPS has reported on school enroll-
ment annually since 1945 and on educa- Beginning in 2001, the CPS used Census
tional attainment periodically since 1947. 2000 population controls. From 1994 to
2000, the CPS used 1990 census popula-
The NCES is continuing the pattern of sta- tion controls plus adjustment for under-
tistical studies and surveys conducted by count. Also the survey changed from
the U.S. Office of Education since 1870. paper to computer-assisted technology.
The annual Digest of Education Statistics For years 1981 through 1993, 1980 cen-
provides summary data on pupils, staff, sus population controls were used; 1971
finances, including government expendi- through 1980, 1970 census population
tures, and organization at the elementary, controls had been used. These changes
secondary, and higher education levels. It had little impact on summary measures
is also a primary source for detailed infor- (e.g., medians) and proportional measures
mation on federal funds for education, (e.g., enrollment rates); however, use of
projections of enrollment, graduates, and the controls may have significant impact
teachers. The Condition of Education, on absolute numbers.
issued annually, presents a summary of
information on education of particular The second type, generally exemplified
interest to policymakers. NCES also con- by data from the NCES and the National
ducts special studies periodically. Education Association, is based on reports
from administrators of educational insti-
The census of governments, conducted tutions and of state and local agencies
by the Census Bureau every 5 years (for having jurisdiction over education. Data
the years ending in ‘‘2’’ and ‘‘7’’), provides of this type relate to enrollment, atten-
data on school district finances and state dance, staff, and finances for the nation,
and local government expenditures for individual states, and local areas.
Education 137
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Unlike the NCES, the Census Bureau does Public schools are schools controlled and
not regularly include specialized voca- supported by local, state, or federal gov-
tional, trade, business, or correspondence ernmental agencies; private schools are
schools in its surveys. The NCES includes those controlled and supported mainly by
religious organizations or by private per-
nursery schools and kindergartens that
sons or organizations.
are part of regular grade schools in their
enrollment figures. The Census Bureau The Census Bureau defines elementary
includes all nursery schools and kinder- schools as including grades 1 through 8;
gartens. At the higher education level, the high schools as including grades 9
statistics of both agencies are concerned through 12; and colleges as including jun-
with institutions granting degrees or ior or community colleges, regular 4-year
offering work acceptable for degree- colleges, and universities and graduate or
credit, such as junior colleges. professional schools. Statistics reported
by the NCES and the National Education
School attendance—All states require Association by type of organization, such
that children attend school. While state as elementary level and secondary level,
laws vary as to the ages and circum- may not be strictly comparable with those
stances of compulsory attendance, gener- from the Census Bureau because the
ally they require that formal schooling grades included at the two levels vary,
depending on the level assigned to the
begin by age 6 and continue to age 16.
middle or junior high school by the local
Schools—The NCES defines a school as school systems.
‘‘a division of the school system consist-
School year—Except as otherwise indi-
ing of students composing one or more cated in the tables, data refer to the
grade groups or other identifiable groups, school year which, for elementary and
organized as one unit with one or more secondary schools, generally begins in
teachers to give instruction of a defined September of the preceding year and
type, and housed in a school plant of one ends in June of the year stated. For the
or more buildings. More than one school most part, statistics concerning school
may be housed in one school plant, as is finances are for a 12-month period, usu-
the case when the elementary and sec- ally July 1 to June 30. Enrollment data
ondary programs are housed in the same generally refer to a specific point in time,
school plant.’’ such as fall, as indicated in the tables.
138 Education
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 211. School Enrollment: 1980 to 2017
[In thousands (58,305 represents 58,305,000). As of fall]
1
All levels Pre-K through grade 8 Grades 9 through 12 College
Year
Total Public Private Public Private Public Private Public Private
1980 . . . . . . . 58,305 50,335 7,971 27,647 3,992 13,231 1,339 9,457 2,640
1985 . . . . . . . 57,226 48,901 8,325 27,034 4,195 12,388 1,362 9,479 2,768
1987 . . . . . . . 58,253 49,982 8,272 27,933 4,232 12,076 1,247 9,973 2,793
1988 . . . . . . . 58,485 50,349 8,136 28,501 4,036 11,687 1,206 10,161 2,894
1989 . . . . . . . 59,279 51,120 8,159 29,152 4,035 11,390 1,163 10,578 2,961
1990 . . . . . . . 60,269 52,061 8,208 29,878 4,084 11,338 1,150 10,845 2,974
1991 . . . . . . . 62,087 53,357 8,730 30,506 4,518 11,541 1,163 11,310 3,049
1992 . . . . . . . 62,987 54,208 8,779 31,088 4,528 11,735 1,148 11,385 3,102
1993 . . . . . . . 63,438 54,654 8,784 31,504 4,536 11,961 1,132 11,189 3,116
1994 . . . . . . . 64,177 55,245 8,932 31,898 4,624 12,213 1,162 11,134 3,145
1995 . . . . . . . 65,020 55,933 9,087 32,341 4,721 12,500 1,197 11,092 3,169
1996 . . . . . . . 65,913 56,733 9,180 32,764 4,720 12,847 1,213 11,121 3,247
1997 . . . . . . . 66,573 57,323 9,250 33,073 4,726 13,054 1,218 11,196 3,306
1998 . . . . . . . 67,034 57,677 9,357 33,346 4,748 13,193 1,240 11,138 3,369
1999 . . . . . . . 67,667 58,166 9,501 33,488 4,765 13,369 1,254 11,309 3,482
2000 . . . . . . . 68,685 58,956 9,729 33,688 4,878 13,515 1,292 11,753 3,560
2001 . . . . . . . 69,920 59,905 10,014 33,938 4,993 13,734 1,326 12,233 3,695
2002 . . . . . . . 71,015 60,935 10,080 34,116 4,886 14,067 1,334 12,752 3,860
2003 . . . . . . . 71,540 61,397 10,143 34,202 4,761 14,338 1,338 12,857 4,043
2004 . . . . . . . 72,200 61,775 10,379 34,178 4,731 14,617 1,356 12,980 4,292
2005 . . . . . . . 72,674 62,135 10,539 34,205 4,699 14,909 1,374 13,022 4,466
2006, proj. 2. . . 73,318 62,644 10,674 34,422 4,711 15,041 1,384 13,180 4,579
2007, proj. . . . . 73,686 63,017 10,668 34,589 4,681 15,055 1,385 13,373 4,603
2008, proj. . . . . 74,079 63,387 10,692 34,903 4,681 14,922 1,372 13,562 4,638
2009, proj. . . . . 74,532 63,814 10,718 35,240 4,695 14,826 1,355 13,748 4,668
2010, proj. . . . . 75,012 64,243 10,769 35,653 4,721 14,700 1,326 13,890 4,722
2011, proj. . . . . 75,603 64,762 10,840 36,096 4,760 14,626 1,300 14,041 4,781
2012, proj. . . . . 76,322 65,395 10,928 36,527 4,813 14,667 1,267 14,201 4,847
2013, proj. . . . . 77,116 66,081 11,035 36,972 4,879 14,729 1,237 14,380 4,919
2014, proj. . . . . 77,979 66,831 11,147 37,403 4,933 14,881 1,228 14,547 4,986
2015, proj. . . . . 78,842 67,587 11,256 37,711 4,976 15,199 1,241 14,677 5,039
2016, proj. . . . . 79,678 68,306 11,372 38,052 5,021 15,451 1,262 14,804 5,089
2017, proj. . . . . 80,524 69,030 11,494 38,399 5,066 15,689 1,290 14,942 5,138
1 2
Data beginning 1996 based on new classification system. See footnote 1, Table 269. Pre-K through 12 are projections;
college data are actual.
Source: U.S. National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics, annual, and Projections of Education
Statistics, annual.
Education 139
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 213. School Enrollment, Faculty, Graduates, and Finances—Projections:
2007 to 2013
[As of fall, except as indicated (55,710 represents 55,710,000)]
School enrollment, total . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . 55,710 55,879 56,116 56,400 56,781 57,275 57,817
Pre-kindergarten through grade 8 . . . 1,000 . . . 39,271 39,585 39,935 40,374 40,855 41,341 41,851
Grades 9 through 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . 16,439 16,294 16,181 16,026 15,926 15,934 15,966
Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . 49,644 49,825 50,067 50,353 50,722 51,194 51,701
Pre-kindergarten through grade 8 . . 1,000 . . . 34,589 34,903 35,240 35,653 36,096 36,527 36,972
Grades 9 through 12 . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . 15,055 14,922 14,826 14,700 14,626 14,667 14,729
Enrollment, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . 17,976 18,200 18,416 18,613 18,822 19,048 19,299
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . 7,704 7,822 7,929 8,022 8,118 8,213 8,306
Full-time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . 4,968 5,055 5,133 5,197 5,254 5,305 5,350
Part-time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . 2,737 2,767 2,796 2,825 2,863 2,907 2,956
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . 10,271 10,378 10,487 10,590 10,704 10,835 10,993
Full-time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . 6,136 6,208 6,280 6,349 6,423 6,511 6,623
Part-time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . 4,135 4,170 4,207 4,242 4,281 4,324 4,371
Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . 13,373 13,562 13,748 13,890 14,041 14,201 14,380
Four-year institutions . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . 6,981 7,092 7,204 7,290 7,379 7,473 7,575
Two-year institutions . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . 6,392 6,470 6,544 6,601 6,662 6,728 6,805
Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . 4,603 4,638 4,668 4,722 4,781 4,847 4,919
Four-year institutions . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . 4,299 4,330 4,356 4,407 4,464 4,526 4,595
Two-year institutions . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . 304 308 312 315 317 320 324
Undergraduate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . 15,366 15,571 15,770 15,939 16,106 16,273 16,457
Graduate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . 2,259 2,275 2,290 2,312 2,348 2,398 2,455
First-time professional . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . 351 354 357 361 368 377 387
Full-time equivalent . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . 13,647 13,925 14,201 14,451 14,692 14,930 15,182
Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . 9,792 9,988 10,182 10,354 10,518 10,677 10,847
2-year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . 3,838 3,909 3,976 4,028 4,078 4,129 4,187
4-year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . 5,954 6,080 6,206 6,326 6,439 6,548 6,660
Private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . 3,855 3,937 4,019 4,097 4,175 4,253 4,335
2-year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . 285 292 299 304 308 313 319
4-year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . 3,570 3,645 3,720 3,794 3,866 3,940 4,016
Degrees conferred, total 2 . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . 3,063 3,136 3,189 3,215 3,240 3,268 3,300
Associate’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . 718 731 741 743 745 747 750
Bachelor’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . 1,563 1,603 1,634 1,653 1,667 1,681 1,692
Master’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . 631 649 659 663 670 680 694
Doctoral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . 59 60 60 61 62 63 65
First-professional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . 92 93 94 95 96 97 99
1 2 3
NA Not available. Full-time equivalent. For school year ending in June the following year. Limited financial
projections are shown due to the uncertain behavior of inflation over the long term. 4 Based on the Consumer Price Index (CPI)
for all urban consumers, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. CPI adjusted to a school year basis by NCES.
Source: U.S. National Center for Education Statistics, Projections of Education Statistics to 2017, NCES 2008-060. See
Internet site <http://www.nces.ed.gov/surveys/AnnualReports/>.
140 Education
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 214. Federal Funds for Education and Related Programs: 2005 to 2007
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
[In millions of dollars (145,989.2 represents $145,989,200,000), except percent. For fiscal years ending in September. Figures represent on-budget funds]
1 1
Level, agency, and program 2005 2006 2007 Level, agency, and program 2005 2006 2007
Total, all programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145,989.2 166,486.3 (NA) Professional development education . . . . . . . . 411.9 449.4 430.6
Percent of federal budget outlays . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 6.3 (NA) Department of Health and Human Services 2 . . . . 1,433.5 1,264.6 1,325.7
Elementary/secondary education programs . . . . . 68,957.7 70,948.2 71,708.1 Health professions training programs . . . . . . . . 581.7 420.1 460.1
Department of Education 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,477.6 38,863.4 39,245.7 National Health Service Corps scholarships . . . 45.0 40.0 40.0
Grants for the disadvantaged . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,635.6 14,695.8 14,842.9 National Institutes of Health training grants 9 . . . 756.0 748.6 771.6
School improvement programs . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,918.1 7,463.5 7,697.0 Department of Homeland Security 6 . . . . . . . . . . 36.4 44.0 45.4
Indian education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121.9 120.4 120.9 Department of the Interior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249.2 165.3 162.3
Special education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,940.3 11,836.5 11,543.0 Shared revenues, Mineral Leasing Act and
Vocational and adult education . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,967.1 1,987.5 2,091.6 other receipts—estimated education share . . . 146.2 59.6 53.7
Education reform—Goals 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . −35.0 16.5 16.5 Indian programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.0 105.7 108.6
Department of Agriculture 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,577.3 13,412.6 14,102.6 Department of State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424.0 443.0 434.0
3 3 3
Child nutrition programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,901.9 12,660.8 13,345.6 Department of Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.0 71.0 72.0
Agricultural Marketing Service— Department of Veterans Affairs 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,478.6 2,662.1 3,103.2
commodities 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399.3 463.8 465.0 Post-Vietnam veterans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 1.3 1.3
Special milk program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3) (3) (3) All-volunteer-force educational assistance. . . . . 2,071.0 2,230.0 2,632.7
Department of Defense 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,786.3 1,755.9 1,684.8 Other agencies and programs 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556.0 567.9 567.9
Overseas dependents schools . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,060.9 1,063.9 1,001.7 National Endowment for the Humanities . . . . . . 29.5 34.1 32.0
Section VI schools 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410.2 383.8 360.6 National Science Foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490.0 496.0 497.0
Department of Health and Human Services . . . . . 8,003.3 8,118.9 8,057.6 Other education programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,908.7 7,074.5 7,584.1
Head Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,842.3 6,851.2 6,900.0 Department of Education 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,538.9 3,692.9 4,171.4
Social security student benefits. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,161.0 1,267.7 1,157.6 Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548.8 557.8 537.5
Department of Homeland Security 6 . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.5 0.6 Rehabilitative services and handicapped
Department of the Interior 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 938.5 928.6 845.9 research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,973.3 3,115.8 3,553.0
Mineral Leasing Act and other funds . . . . . . . . 140.0 133.4 109.3 Department of Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468.6 475.4 471.3
Indian Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797.5 746.8 735.7 Department of Health and Human Services . . . . . 313.0 312.0 315.0
Department of Justice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554.5 514.3 527.3 Department of Homeland Security 6 . . . . . . . . . . 278.2 194.7 223.0
Inmate programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554.5 513.3 525.3 Department of Justice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.1 26.7 28.7
Department of Labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,654.0 5,355.0 5,378.0 Department of State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.3 112.0 117.2
Job Corps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,521.0 1,599.0 1,606.0 Other agencies and programs 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,173.4 3,808.3 3,819.6
Department of Veterans Affairs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,815.0 1,866.0 1,736.0 Agency for International Development . . . . . . . 574.0 566.8 591.2
Vocational rehab for disabled veterans . . . . . . . 1,815.0 1,866.0 1,736.0 Library of Congress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430.0 435.0 428.0
Other agencies and programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.9 132.9 129.6 National Endowment for the Arts . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 2.5 2.7
Higher education programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,591.1 57,738.3 36,623.3 National Endowment for the Humanities . . . . . . 88.0 86.3 84.0
Department of Education 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,420.0 50,624.6 28,879.0 Research programs at universities and
Student financial assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,209.5 14,864.1 15,723.3 related institutions 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,535.7 30,725.3 (NA)
Federal Family Education Loans 7 . . . . . . . . . . 10,777.5 26,336.7 4,851.0 Department of Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819.9 552.3 (NA)
Department of Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.0 62.3 64.4 Department of Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,880.8 2,312.7 (NA)
Department of Commerce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . − − − Department of Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,216.5 4,024.4 (NA)
Department of Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,858.3 1,833.4 1,969.4 Department of Health and Human Services . . . . . 16,121.7 16,220.1 (NA)
Tuition assistance for military personnel . . . . . . 608.1 564.0 624.3 National Aeronautics and Space
Service academies 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300.8 321.9 336.6 Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2,867.2 3,010.6 (NA)
Education
Senior ROTC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537.5 498.2 577.9 National Science Foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3,521.7 3,610.9 (NA)
1 2
− Represents or rounds to zero. NA Not available. Estimated except U.S. Department of Education, which are actual budget reports. Includes other programs and agencies, not shown separately. 3 The
Special Milk Program is included in the Child Nutrition Program. 4 Purchased under Section 32 of the Act of August 1935 for use in child nutrition programs. 5
Program provides for the education of dependents
6
of federal employees residing on federal property where free public education is unavailable in the nearby community. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security was created on January 24, 2003, under public
7 8
law (107-296). Includes Federal Direct Loans. Instructional costs only including academics, audiovisual, academic computer center, faculty training, military training, physical education, and libraries. 9 Includes
alcohol, drug abuse, and mental health training programs.
Source: U.S. National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics, annual.
141
Table 215. School Enrollment by Age: 1970 to 2006
[As of October (60,357 represents 60,357,000). Covers civilian noninstitutional population enrolled in nursery school and above.
Based on Current Population Survey, see text, Section 1, and Appendix III]
Age 1970 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006
ENROLLMENT (1,000)
Total, 3 to 34 years old . . . . 60,357 57,348 58,013 60,588 66,939 69,560 72,116 72,418 72,768 72,270
3 and 4 years old . . . . . . . . . . 1,461 2,280 2,801 3,292 4,042 4,097 4,590 4,552 4,383 4,534
5 and 6 years old . . . . . . . . . . 7,000 5,853 6,697 7,207 7,901 7,648 7,309 7,561 7,486 7,628
7 to 13 years old . . . . . . . . . . 28,943 23,751 22,849 25,016 27,003 28,296 28,184 28,006 27,936 27,504
14 and 15 years old . . . . . . . . 7,869 7,282 7,362 6,555 7,651 7,885 8,329 8,327 8,375 8,252
16 and 17 years old . . . . . . . . 6,927 7,129 6,654 6,098 6,997 7,341 8,177 8,086 8,472 8,203
18 and 19 years old . . . . . . . . 3,322 3,788 3,716 4,044 4,274 4,926 4,856 4,961 5,109 5,306
20 and 21 years old . . . . . . . . 1,949 2,515 2,708 2,852 3,025 3,314 3,684 3,904 4,069 3,839
22 to 24 years old. . . . . . . . . . 1,410 1,931 2,068 2,231 2,545 2,731 3,397 3,221 3,254 3,256
25 to 29 years old. . . . . . . . . . 1,011 1,714 1,942 2,013 2,216 2,030 2,212 2,479 2,340 2,373
30 to 34 years old. . . . . . . . . . 466 1,105 1,218 1,281 1,284 1,292 1,378 1,321 1,344 1,376
35 years old and over . . . . . (NA) 1,290 1,766 2,439 2,830 2,653 2,797 3,042 3,013 2,927
ENROLLMENT RATE
Total, 3 to 34 years old . . . . 56.4 49.7 48.3 50.2 53.7 55.8 56.2 56.2 56.5 56.0
3 and 4 years old . . . . . . . . . . 20.5 36.7 38.9 44.4 48.7 52.1 55.1 54.0 53.6 55.7
5 and 6 years old . . . . . . . . . . 89.5 95.7 96.1 96.5 96.0 95.6 94.5 95.4 95.4 94.6
7 to 13 years old . . . . . . . . . . 99.2 99.3 99.2 99.6 98.9 98.2 98.3 98.4 98.6 98.3
14 and 15 years old . . . . . . . . 98.1 98.2 98.1 99.0 98.9 98.7 97.5 98.5 98.0 98.3
16 and 17 years old . . . . . . . . 90.0 89.0 91.7 92.5 93.6 92.8 94.9 94.5 95.1 94.6
18 and 19 years old . . . . . . . . 47.7 46.4 51.6 57.3 59.4 61.2 64.5 64.4 67.6 65.5
20 and 21 years old . . . . . . . . 31.9 31.0 35.3 39.7 44.9 44.1 48.3 48.9 48.7 47.5
22 to 24 years old. . . . . . . . . . 14.9 16.3 16.9 21.0 23.2 24.6 27.8 26.3 27.3 26.7
25 to 29 years old. . . . . . . . . . 7.5 9.3 9.2 9.7 11.6 11.4 11.8 13.0 11.9 11.7
30 to 34 years old. . . . . . . . . . 4.2 6.4 6.1 5.8 6.0 6.7 6.8 6.6 6.9 7.2
35 years old and over . . . . . (NA) 1.4 1.6 2.1 2.2 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9
NA Not available.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, PPL-148; and earlier PPL and P-20 reports; and data published on
the Internet. See Internet site <http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/school.html>.
Table 216. School Enrollment by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age: 1980 to 2006
[(47,673 represents 47,673,000). See headnote, Table 215]
1 1 2
White Black Hispanic origin
Age
1980 1990 2006 1980 1990 2006 1980 1990 2006
ENROLLMENT (1,000)
Total, 3 to 34 years old . . . . 47,673 48,899 55,237 8,251 8,854 10,882 4,263 6,073 12,825
3 and 4 years old . . . . . . . . . . 1,844 2,700 3,463 371 452 732 172 249 900
5 and 6 years old . . . . . . . . . . 4,781 5,750 5,851 904 1,129 1,132 491 835 1,613
7 to 13 years old . . . . . . . . . . 19,585 20,076 21,002 3,598 3,832 4,177 2,009 2,794 5,480
14 and 15 years old . . . . . . . . 6,038 5,265 6,294 1,088 1,023 1,325 568 739 1,452
16 and 17 years old . . . . . . . . 5,937 4,858 6,266 1,047 962 1,268 454 592 1,305
18 and 19 years old . . . . . . . . 3,199 3,271 4,103 494 596 796 226 329 751
20 and 21 years old . . . . . . . . 2,206 2,402 3,040 242 305 474 111 213 430
22 to 24 years old. . . . . . . . . . 1,669 1,781 2,436 196 274 447 93 121 393
25 to 29 years old. . . . . . . . . . 1,473 1,706 1,781 187 162 322 84 130 298
30 to 34 years old. . . . . . . . . . 942 1,090 1,001 124 119 209 54 72 203
35 years old and over . . . . . 1,104 2,096 2,182 186 238 517 (NA) 145 287
ENROLLMENT RATE
Total, 3 to 34 years old . . . . 48.9 49.5 55.6 53.9 51.9 58.4 49.8 47.4 51.3
3 and 4 years old . . . . . . . . . . 36.3 44.9 55.6 38.2 41.6 59.2 28.5 29.8 48.8
5 and 6 years old . . . . . . . . . . 95.8 96.5 95.0 95.4 96.3 92.6 94.5 94.8 93.4
7 to 13 years old . . . . . . . . . . 99.2 99.6 98.4 99.4 99.8 97.2 99.2 99.4 98.2
14 and 15 years old . . . . . . . . 98.3 99.1 98.4 97.9 99.2 97.5 94.3 99.0 98.4
16 and 17 years old . . . . . . . . 88.6 92.5 95.0 90.6 91.7 93.3 81.8 85.4 91.1
18 and 19 years old . . . . . . . . 46.3 57.1 64.9 45.7 55.2 64.7 37.8 44.1 53.4
20 and 21 years old . . . . . . . . 31.9 41.0 48.2 23.4 28.4 39.1 19.5 27.2 30.6
22 to 24 years old. . . . . . . . . . 16.4 20.2 25.5 13.6 20.0 27.3 11.7 9.9 17.9
25 to 29 years old. . . . . . . . . . 9.2 9.9 11.3 8.8 6.1 11.8 6.9 6.3 7.3
30 to 34 years old. . . . . . . . . . 6.3 5.9 6.7 6.8 4.4 8.6 5.1 3.6 5.3
35 years old and over . . . . . 1.3 2.1 1.7 1.8 2.1 3.1 (NA) 2.1 1.8
NA Not available. 1 2006 for persons who selected this race group only. See footnote 2, Table 221. 2
Persons of Hispanic
origin may be of any race.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, PPL-148; and earlier PPL and P-20 reports; and data published on
the Internet. See Internet site <http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/school.html>.
142 Education
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 217. Enrollment in Public and Private Schools: 1970 to 2006
[In millions (52.2 represents 52,200,000), except percent. As of October. For civilian noninstitutional population. For 1970 to
1985, persons 3 to 34 years old; beginning 1988, for 3 years old and over. For college enrollment 35 years old and over, see Table
215]
Public Private
Year Nur- Kinder- Ele- High Nur- Kinder- Ele- High
Total sery garten mentary school College Total sery garten mentary school College
1970 . . . . . . . . 52.2 0.3 2.6 30.0 13.5 5.7 8.1 0.8 0.5 3.9 1.2 1.7
1975 . . . . . . . . 52.8 0.6 2.9 27.2 14.5 7.7 8.2 1.2 0.5 3.3 1.2 2.0
1980 . . . . . . . . (NA) 0.6 2.7 24.4 (NA) (NA) (NA) 1.4 0.5 3.1 (NA) (NA)
1985 . . . . . . . . 49.0 0.9 3.2 23.8 12.8 8.4 9.0 1.6 0.6 3.1 1.2 2.5
1989 1 . . . . . . . 52.5 0.9 3.3 25.9 12.1 10.3 8.9 1.9 0.6 2.7 0.8 2.9
1990 . . . . . . . . 53.8 1.2 3.3 26.6 11.9 10.7 9.2 2.2 0.6 2.7 0.9 2.9
1991 . . . . . . . . 54.5 1.1 3.5 26.6 12.2 11.1 9.4 1.8 0.6 3.0 1.0 3.0
1992 . . . . . . . . 55.0 1.1 3.5 27.1 12.3 11.1 9.4 1.8 0.6 3.1 1.0 3.0
1993 . . . . . . . . 56.0 1.2 3.5 27.7 12.6 10.9 9.4 1.8 0.7 2.9 1.0 3.0
1994 . . . . . . . . 58.6 1.9 3.3 28.1 13.5 11.7 10.7 2.3 0.6 3.4 1.1 3.3
1995 . . . . . . . . 58.7 2.0 3.2 28.4 13.7 11.4 11.1 2.4 0.7 3.4 1.2 3.3
1996 . . . . . . . . 59.5 1.9 3.4 28.1 14.1 12.0 10.8 2.3 0.7 3.4 1.2 3.2
1997 . . . . . . . . 61.6 2.3 3.3 29.3 14.6 12.1 10.5 2.2 0.7 3.1 1.2 3.3
1998 . . . . . . . . 60.8 2.3 3.1 29.1 14.3 12.0 11.3 2.3 0.7 3.4 1.2 3.6
1999 . . . . . . . . 60.8 2.3 3.2 29.2 14.4 11.7 11.4 2.3 0.7 3.6 1.3 3.5
2000 . . . . . . . . 61.2 2.2 3.2 29.4 14.4 12.0 11.0 2.2 0.7 3.5 1.3 3.3
2001 . . . . . . . . 62.4 2.2 3.1 29.8 14.8 12.4 10.8 2.1 0.6 3.4 1.2 3.5
2002 . . . . . . . . 62.8 2.2 3.0 29.7 15.1 12.8 11.3 2.2 0.6 3.5 1.3 3.7
2003 . . . . . . . . 63.8 2.6 3.1 29.2 15.8 13.1 11.1 2.4 0.6 3.4 1.3 3.5
2004 . . . . . . . . 64.3 2.5 3.4 29.2 15.5 13.7 11.3 2.3 0.6 3.4 1.3 3.7
2005 . . . . . . . . 64.2 2.5 3.3 29.0 15.8 13.4 11.5 2.1 0.6 3.4 1.4 4.0
2006 . . . . . . . . 64.1 2.5 3.6 29.0 15.6 13.5 11.1 2.2 0.5 3.1 1.5 3.8
Percent White:
1970. . . . . . . 84.5 59.5 84.4 83.1 85.6 90.7 93.4 91.1 88.2 94.1 96.1 92.8
1980. . . . . . . (NA) 68.2 80.7 80.9 (NA) (NA) (NA) 89.0 87.0 90.7 (NA) (NA)
1990. . . . . . . 79.8 71.7 78.3 78.9 79.2 84.1 87.4 89.6 83.2 88.2 89.4 85.0
2000. . . . . . . 77.0 69.4 77.3 76.7 78.0 78.0 83.5 84.9 82.8 85.9 84.6 79.8
2003 2 . . . . . 75.6 74.7 76.4 75.0 75.6 77.1 82.3 84.3 80.3 83.8 86.0 79.0
2004 2 . . . . . 75.2 68.5 75.2 75.0 75.4 76.7 82.4 82.7 82.1 85.1 88.0 77.8
2005 2 . . . . . 75.7 71.3 78.0 75.2 76.0 76.7 81.4 83.6 79.0 83.0 83.6 78.4
2006 2 . . . . . 75.6 72.1 76.0 75.7 74.9 76.8 80.9 83.4 78.4 81.9 83.1 78.0
NA Not available. 1 Beginning 1989, based on a revised edit and tabulation package. 2
Beginning 2003, for persons who
selected this race group only. See footnote 2, Table 221.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, PPL-148; and earlier PPL and P-20 reports; and data published on
the Internet. See Internet site <http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/school.html>.
Education 143
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 219. School Enrollment by Control and Level: 1980 to 2007
[In thousands (58,305 represents 58,305,000). As of fall. Data below college level are for regular day schools and exclude subcollegiate
departments of colleges, federal schools, and home-schooled children. College data include degree-credit and nondegree-credit
enrollment. Based on survey of state education agencies; see source for details. For more projections, see Tables 211 and 213]
Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,335 52,061 55,933 58,956 60,935 61,397 61,775 62,135 62,622 63,067
Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,971 8,208 9,087 9,729 10,080 10,143 10,425 10,577 10,575 10,653
Pre-kindergarten through 8 . . 31,639 33,962 37,062 38,566 39,002 38,964 38,951 38,941 39,166 39,376
Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,647 29,878 32,341 33,688 34,116 34,202 34,178 34,205 34,387 34,592
Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,992 4,084 4,721 4,878 4,886 4,761 4,773 4,736 4,779 4,784
Grades 9 through 12 . . . . . . 14,570 12,488 13,697 14,807 15,402 15,676 15,977 16,285 16,358 16,386
Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,231 11,338 12,500 13,515 14,067 14,338 14,617 14,909 14,983 15,018
Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,339 1,150 1,197 1,292 1,334 1,338 1,360 1,376 1,375 1,368
College 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,097 13,819 14,261 15,312 16,612 16,900 17,272 17,487 17,672 17,959
Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,457 10,845 11,092 11,753 12,752 12,857 12,980 13,022 13,252 13,457
Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,640 2,974 3,169 3,560 3,860 4,043 4,292 4,466 4,420 4,501
Not-for-profit . . . . . . . . 2,528 2,760 2,929 3,109 3,265 3,341 3,412 (NA) (NA) (NA)
For profit . . . . . . . . . . 112 214 240 450 594 703 880 (NA) (NA) (NA)
1
NA Not available. Data beginning 2000, reflects new classification system. See footnote 1, Table 269.
Source: U.S. National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics, annual, and Projections of Education
Statistics, annual.
Table 220. Students Who Are Foreign Born or Who Have Foreign-Born Parents:
2006
[In thousands (49,238 represents 49,238,000), except percent. As of October. Covers civilian noninstitutional population
enrolled in elementary school and above. Based on Current Population Survey, see text, Section 1 and Appendix III]
144 Education
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 221. Educational Attainment by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1960 to 2007
[In percent. For persons 25 years old and over. 1960, 1970, and 1980 as of April 1 and based on sample data from the cen-
suses of population. Other years as of March and based on the Current Population Survey; see text, Section 1, and Appendix
III. See Table 222 for data by sex]
3
Hispanic
Asian and
Year Pacific Puerto
1 2 2
Total White Black Islander 2 Total 4
Mexican Rican Cuban
HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATE
OR MORE 5
1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.1 43.2 20.1 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.3 54.5 31.4 (NA) 32.1 24.2 23.4 43.9
1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.5 68.8 51.2 (NA) 44.0 37.6 40.1 55.3
1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.6 79.1 66.2 80.4 50.8 44.1 55.5 63.5
1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.7 83.0 73.8 (NA) 53.4 46.5 61.3 64.7
2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.1 84.9 78.5 85.7 57.0 51.0 64.3 73.0
6
2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.2 85.8 80.6 86.8 58.4 51.9 71.8 72.1
2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.2 85.7 81.1 87.6 58.5 52.2 72.3 73.5
2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.5 86.1 80.7 87.4 59.3 53.1 72.3 74.9
2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.7 86.2 82.3 87.8 60.3 53.9 73.5 79.8
COLLEGE GRADUATE
OR MORE 5
1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 8.1 3.1 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 11.3 4.4 (NA) 4.5 2.5 2.2 11.1
1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.2 17.1 8.4 (NA) 7.6 4.9 5.6 16.2
1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3 22.0 11.3 39.9 9.2 5.4 9.7 20.2
1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.0 24.0 13.2 (NA) 9.3 6.5 10.7 19.4
2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.6 26.1 16.5 43.9 10.6 6.9 13.0 23.0
6
2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.7 28.2 17.6 49.4 12.1 7.9 14.0 24.0
2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.6 28.0 17.6 50.1 12.0 8.3 13.8 24.7
2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.0 28.4 18.5 49.7 12.4 8.5 15.1 24.4
2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.7 29.1 18.5 52.1 12.7 9.0 16.4 27.2
NA Not available. 1 Includes other races not shown separately. 2 Beginning 2004, for persons who selected this race
group only. The 2003 Current Population Survey (CPS) allowed respondents to choose more than one race. Beginning 2003, data
represent persons who selected this race group only and exclude persons reporting more than one race. The CPS in prior years
only allowed respondents to report one race group. See also comments on race in the text for Section 1. 3 Persons of Hispanic
origin may be of any race. 4 Includes persons of other Hispanic origin not shown separately. 5 Through 1990, completed 4
6
years of high school or more and 4 years of college or more. Starting in 2004, data are for Asians only, excludes Pacific
Islanders.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Census of Population, 1960, 1970, and 1980, Vol. 1; and Current Population Reports
P20-550 and earlier reports; and data published on the Internet. See Internet site <http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo
/educ-attn.html>.
Asian and
1 2 2 3
All races White Black Pacific Hispanic
Year Islander 2
Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female
HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATE
OR MORE 4
1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.5 42.5 41.6 44.7 18.2 21.8 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.9 52.8 54.0 55.0 30.1 32.5 (NA) (NA) 37.9 34.2
1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.3 65.8 69.6 68.1 50.8 51.5 (NA) (NA) 67.3 65.8
1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.7 77.5 79.1 79.0 65.8 66.5 84.0 77.2 50.3 51.3
1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.7 81.6 83.0 83.0 73.4 74.1 (NA) (NA) 52.9 53.8
2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.2 84.0 84.8 85.0 78.7 78.3 88.2 83.4 56.6 57.5
5 5
2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.8 85.4 85.3 86.3 80.4 80.8 88.7 85.0 57.3 59.5
2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.9 85.5 85.2 86.2 81.0 81.2 90.4 85.2 57.9 59.1
2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.0 85.9 85.5 86.7 80.1 81.2 89.6 85.5 58.5 60.1
2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.0 86.4 85.3 87.1 81.9 82.6 89.8 85.9 58.2 62.5
COLLEGE GRADUATE
OR MORE 4
1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.7 5.8 10.3 6.0 2.8 3.3 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.5 8.1 14.4 8.4 4.2 4.6 (NA) (NA) 7.8 4.3
1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.1 12.8 21.3 13.3 8.4 8.3 (NA) (NA) 9.4 6.0
1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.4 18.4 25.3 19.0 11.9 10.8 44.9 35.4 9.8 8.7
1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.0 20.2 27.2 21.0 13.6 12.9 (NA) (NA) 10.1 8.4
2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.8 23.6 28.5 23.9 16.3 16.7 47.6 40.7 10.7 10.6
5 5
2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.4 26.1 30.0 26.4 16.6 18.5 53.7 45.6 11.8 12.3
2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.9 26.5 29.4 26.8 16.0 18.8 54.0 46.8 11.8 12.1
2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.2 26.9 29.7 27.1 17.2 19.4 52.5 47.1 11.9 12.9
2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.5 28.0 29.9 28.3 18.0 19.0 55.2 49.3 11.8 13.7
NA Not available. 1 Includes other races not shown separately. 2 Beginning 2004, for persons who selected this race
group only. See footnote 2, Table 221. 3 Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. 4 Through 1990, completed 4 years
of high school or more and 4 years of college or more. 5 Starting in 2004, data are for Asians only, excludes Pacific Islanders.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Census of Population, 1960, 1970, and 1980, Vol. 1; and Current Population Reports
P20-550 and earlier reports; and data published on the Internet. See Internet site <http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo
/educ-attn.html>.
Education 145
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 223. Educational Attainment by Selected Characteristic: 2007
[For persons 25 years old and over (194,318 represents 194,318,000). As of March. Based on the Current Population Survey;
see text, Section 1, and Appendix III. For composition of regions, see map inside front cover]
146 Education
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 225. Educational Attainment by State: 1990 to 2006
[In percent. 1990 and 2000 as of April. 2006, represents annual averages for calendar year. For persons 25 years old and
over. Based on the 1990 and 2000 Census of Population and the American Community Survey; see text, Section 1, and Appen-
dix III]
Alabama . . . . . . . . . . 66.9 15.7 5.5 75.3 19.0 6.9 80.1 21.1 7.7
Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . 86.6 23.0 8.0 88.3 24.7 8.6 89.7 26.9 9.5
Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . 78.7 20.3 7.0 81.0 23.5 8.4 83.8 25.5 9.2
Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . 66.3 13.3 4.5 75.3 16.7 5.7 80.5 18.2 6.2
California . . . . . . . . . . 76.2 23.4 8.1 76.8 26.6 9.5 80.1 29.0 10.4
Colorado . . . . . . . . . . 84.4 27.0 9.0 86.9 32.7 11.1 88.0 34.3 12.4
Connecticut . . . . . . . . 79.2 27.2 11.0 84.0 31.4 13.3 88.0 33.7 14.4
Delaware . . . . . . . . . . 77.5 21.4 7.7 82.6 25.0 9.4 85.5 27.0 10.5
District of Columbia . . . 73.1 33.3 17.2 77.8 39.1 21.0 84.3 45.9 25.4
Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . 74.4 18.3 6.3 79.9 22.3 8.1 84.5 25.3 8.9
Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . 70.9 19.3 6.4 78.6 24.3 8.3 82.2 26.6 9.2
Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . 80.1 22.9 7.1 84.6 26.2 8.4 89.0 29.7 9.8
Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.7 17.7 5.3 84.7 21.7 6.8 87.3 23.3 7.1
Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.2 21.0 7.5 81.4 26.1 9.5 85.0 28.9 10.8
Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . 75.6 15.6 6.4 82.1 19.4 7.2 85.2 21.7 8.0
Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.1 16.9 5.2 86.1 21.2 6.5 88.9 24.0 7.4
Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . 81.3 21.1 7.0 86.0 25.8 8.7 88.5 28.6 9.8
Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . 64.6 13.6 5.5 74.1 17.1 6.9 79.6 20.0 8.2
Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . 68.3 16.1 5.6 74.8 18.7 6.5 79.4 20.3 6.8
Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.8 18.8 6.1 85.4 22.9 7.9 88.7 25.8 8.9
Maryland . . . . . . . . . . 78.4 26.5 10.9 83.8 31.4 13.4 87.1 35.1 15.7
Massachusetts . . . . . . 80.0 27.2 10.6 84.8 33.2 13.7 87.9 37.0 15.6
Michigan . . . . . . . . . . 76.8 17.4 6.4 83.4 21.8 8.1 87.2 24.5 9.2
Minnesota . . . . . . . . . 82.4 21.8 6.3 87.9 27.4 8.3 90.7 30.4 9.6
Mississippi . . . . . . . . . 64.3 14.7 5.1 72.9 16.9 5.8 77.9 18.8 6.1
Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . 73.9 17.8 6.1 81.3 21.6 7.6 84.8 24.3 8.7
Montana . . . . . . . . . . 81.0 19.8 5.7 87.2 24.4 7.2 90.1 27.4 8.4
Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . 81.8 18.9 5.9 86.6 23.7 7.3 89.5 26.9 8.4
Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . 78.8 15.3 5.2 80.7 18.2 6.1 83.9 20.8 7.2
New Hampshire . . . . . 82.2 24.4 7.9 87.4 28.7 10.0 89.9 31.9 11.2
New Jersey . . . . . . . . 76.7 24.9 8.8 82.1 29.8 11.0 86.1 33.4 12.4
New Mexico . . . . . . . . 75.1 20.4 8.3 78.9 23.5 9.8 81.5 25.3 10.9
New York . . . . . . . . . . 74.8 23.1 9.9 79.1 27.4 11.8 84.1 31.2 13.3
North Carolina . . . . . . 70.0 17.4 5.4 78.1 22.5 7.2 82.0 24.8 8.3
North Dakota . . . . . . . 76.7 18.1 4.5 83.9 22.0 5.5 88.1 25.6 6.5
Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.7 17.0 5.9 83.0 21.1 7.4 86.2 23.0 8.3
Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . 74.6 17.8 6.0 80.6 20.3 6.8 84.3 22.1 7.2
Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . 81.5 20.6 7.0 85.1 25.1 8.7 87.6 27.5 10.0
Pennsylvania . . . . . . . 74.7 17.9 6.6 81.9 22.4 8.4 86.2 25.4 9.6
Rhode Island . . . . . . . 72.0 21.3 7.8 78.0 25.6 9.7 82.4 29.6 11.3
South Carolina . . . . . . 68.3 16.6 5.4 76.3 20.4 6.9 81.3 22.7 7.9
South Dakota . . . . . . . 77.1 17.2 4.9 84.6 21.5 6.0 88.3 24.8 7.2
Tennessee . . . . . . . . . 67.1 16.0 5.4 75.9 19.6 6.8 80.9 21.7 7.5
Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.1 20.3 6.5 75.7 23.2 7.6 78.6 24.7 8.0
Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.1 22.3 6.8 87.7 26.1 8.3 90.2 28.6 9.4
Vermont . . . . . . . . . . 80.8 24.3 8.9 86.4 29.4 11.1 89.8 32.4 12.8
Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . 75.2 24.5 9.1 81.5 29.5 11.6 85.4 32.7 13.2
Washington . . . . . . . . 83.8 22.9 7.0 87.1 27.7 9.3 89.0 30.5 10.7
West Virginia . . . . . . . 66.0 12.3 4.8 75.2 14.8 5.9 81.0 16.5 6.6
Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . 78.6 17.7 5.6 85.1 22.4 7.2 88.4 25.1 8.4
Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . 83.0 18.8 5.7 87.9 21.9 7.0 90.2 22.7 7.4
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 1990 Census of Population, CPH-L-96; 2000 Census of Population, Table P37, Sex by
Educational Attainment for the Population 25 Years and Over, using American FactFinder®; 2006 American Community Survey,
Table R1501 ‘‘Percent of Persons 25 Years and Over Who Have Completed High School,’’ Table R1502 ‘‘Percent of Persons 25
Years and Over Who Have Completed a Bachelor’s Degree,’’ and Table R1503 ‘‘Percent of Persons 25 Years and Over Who Have
Completed an Advanced Degree,’’ using American FactFinder®.
Education 147
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 226. Children’s Involvement in Home Literacy Activities: 1993 and 2005
[In percent, except number of children (8,579 represents 8,579,000). For children 3 to 5 years old not yet enrolled in kinder-
garten who participated in activities with a family member. Based on the School Readiness Early Childhood Program Participation
Surveys of the National Household Education Surveys Program; see source and Appendix III. See also Table 229]
Table 227. Children Who Speak a Language Other Than English at Home by
Region: 2006
[In thousands (10,862 represents 10,862,000), except percent. For children 5 to 17 years old. Based on the American
Community Survey; see text Section 1, and Appendix III]
148 Education
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 228. Preprimary School Enrollment—Summary: 1970 to 2006
[As of October. Civilian noninstitutional population (10,949 represents 10,949,000). Includes public and nonpublic nursery school
and kindergarten programs. Excludes 5-year-olds enrolled in elementary school. Based on Current Population Survey; see text,
Section 1, and Appendix III]
Item 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2006
NUMBER OF CHILDREN (1,000)
Population, 3 to 5 years old . . . . . . . 10,949 10,183 9,284 10,733 11,207 12,518 11,858 12,134 12,187
1
Total enrolled ............ 4,104 4,954 4,878 5,865 6,659 7,739 7,592 7,801 8,009
Nursery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,094 1,745 1,981 2,477 3,378 4,331 4,326 4,529 4,636
Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 570 628 846 1,202 1,950 2,146 2,409 2,481
Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 762 1,174 1,353 1,631 2,177 2,381 2,180 2,120 2,156
Kindergarten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,010 3,211 2,897 3,388 3,281 3,408 3,266 3,272 3,373
Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,498 2,682 2,438 2,847 2,767 2,799 2,701 2,804 2,960
Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 528 459 541 513 608 565 468 413
White 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,443 4,105 3,994 4,757 5,389 6,144 5,861 6,025 6,145
Black 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586 731 725 919 964 1,236 1,265 1,148 1,225
Hispanic 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 370 496 642 1,040 1,155 1,494 1,624
3 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454 683 857 1,035 1,205 1,489 1,540 1,715 1,716
4 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,007 1,418 1,423 1,765 2,086 2,553 2,556 2,668 2,817
5 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,643 2,852 2,598 3,065 3,367 3,697 3,496 3,418 3,476
ENROLLMENT RATE
1
Total enrolled ............ 37.5 48.6 52.5 54.6 59.4 61.8 64.0 64.3 65.7
White 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.8 48.6 52.7 54.7 59.7 63.0 63.2 65.1 66.0
Black 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.9 48.1 51.8 55.8 57.8 58.9 68.5 62.0 66.7
Hispanic 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 43.3 43.3 49.0 51.1 52.6 56.1 59.8
3 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.9 21.5 27.3 28.8 32.6 35.9 39.2 41.3 42.4
4 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.8 40.5 46.3 49.1 56.0 61.6 64.9 66.2 68.8
5 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.3 81.3 84.7 86.5 88.8 87.5 87.6 86.4 85.8
NA Not available. 1 Includes races not shown separately. 2 Beginning 2003, for persons who selected this race group only.
See footnote 2, Table 221. 3 Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. The method of identifying Hispanic children was
changed in 1980 from allocation based on status of mother to status reported for each child. The number of Hispanic children using
the new method is larger.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, PPL-148; and earlier PPL and P-20 reports; and data published on
the Internet. See Internet site <http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/school.html>.
Reads or
Recognizes Counts to 20 Writes name pretends to read Has 3 to 4 skills
Characteristic all letters or higher
storybooks
1993 2005 1993 2005 1993 2005 1993 2005 1993 2005
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 26 52 61 50 59 72 70 35 42
Age:
3 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 16 37 46 22 32 66 67 15 24
4 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 31 62 71 70 78 75 73 49 55
5 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 44 78 81 84 91 81 72 65 66
Sex:
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 26 49 59 47 57 68 70 32 40
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 26 56 64 53 60 76 71 39 45
Race/ethnicity:
White, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . 23 29 56 65 52 60 76 75 39 47
Black, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . 18 24 53 69 45 61 63 67 31 44
Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 16 32 42 42 51 59 55 22 26
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 31 49 65 52 63 70 79 36 48
Mother’s employment status 1:
Employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 28 57 65 52 62 75 72 39 46
Unemployed . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 18 41 49 46 53 67 61 29 32
Not in the labor force . . . . . . 18 24 49 57 47 55 68 69 32 39
Family type:
Two parents . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 27 54 63 51 59 74 72 37 44
None or one parent . . . . . . . 18 22 49 56 47 57 65 65 31 36
Poverty status: 2
Above threshold . . . . . . . . . 24 29 57 64 53 61 74 75 40 47
Below threshold . . . . . . . . . 12 14 41 49 41 52 64 54 23 26
1
Excludes children with no mother in the household and no female guardian. 2 Children are considered poor if they lived
in households with incomes below the poverty threshold, which is a dollar amount determined by the federal government to meet
the household’s need, given its size and composition.
Source: U.S. Department of Education, U.S. National Center for Education Statistics, Home Literacy Activities and Signs of
Children’s Emerging Literacy, 1993, NCES 2000-026, November 1999; and the Early Childhood Program Participation Survey,
National Household Education Surveys Program, 2005, unpublished data. See Internet site <http://nces.ed.gov/nhes>.
Education 149
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 230. Public Charter and Traditional Schools—Selected Characteristics:
2005−2006
[(44,259 represents 44,259,000.) A public charter school is a public school that, in accordance with an enabling state statute, has
been granted a charter exempting it from selected state and local rules and regulations. Schools open as public charter schools
during 2004−05 and still open in the 2005−06 school year were surveyed]
Table 231. Public Elementary and Secondary Schools by Type and Size of
School: 2005−2006
[Enrollment in thousands (48,912 represents 48,912,000). Data reported by schools, rather than school districts. Based on the
Common Core of Data Survey; see source for details]
1
Number of schools Enrollment
Enrollment size
of school Elemen- Second- Com- Elemen- Second- Com-
Total tary 2 ary 3 bined 4 Other 5
Total tary 2 ary 3 bined 4 Other 5
Total . . . . . . . . . . .. 97,382 67,291 23,800 5,707 584 48,912 31,104 16,219 1,526 63
PERCENT
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Under 100 students. . . . . . 11.03 6.22 18.42 37.01 57.49 0.96 0.65 1.11 5.04 18.57
100 to 199 students . . . . . 9.63 8.57 10.98 16.33 23.00 2.75 2.74 2.25 7.53 25.47
200 to 299 students . . . . . 11.47 12.63 8.45 10.30 8.62 5.55 6.76 2.96 7.98 16.67
300 to 399 students . . . . . 13.58 16.03 7.79 8.32 5.75 9.11 11.86 3.82 9.09 15.48
400 to 499 students . . . . . 13.16 16.15 6.11 6.86 2.26 11.31 15.28 3.87 9.63 7.58
500 to 599 students . . . . . 11.00 13.36 5.66 5.25 1.23 11.55 15.44 4.37 9.01 5.22
600 to 699 students . . . . . 8.14 9.46 5.28 4.42 0.41 10.10 12.91 4.83 9.04 2.15
700 to 799 students . . . . . 5.63 6.31 4.40 2.77 0.41 8.07 9.95 4.64 6.53 2.50
800 to 999 students . . . . . 6.58 6.76 6.82 3.54 0.41 11.20 12.63 8.59 9.93 2.77
1,000 to 1,499 students . . . 5.89 4.00 11.96 3.40 0.41 13.49 9.82 20.64 12.77 3.58
1,500 to 1,999 students . . . 2.08 0.42 7.11 1.00 − 6.86 1.48 17.33 5.37 −
2,000 to 2,999 students . . . 1.47 0.09 5.67 0.46 − 6.66 0.45 18.90 3.44 −
3,000 or more students . . . 0.35 0.01 1.33 0.33 − 2.39 0.04 6.68 4.64 −
Average enrollment 1 . . . . . 521 473 709 318 128 521 473 709 318 128
− Represents zero. 1 Exclude data for schools not reporting enrollment. 2 Includes schools beginning with grade 6 or
below and with no grade higher than 8. 3 Includes schools with no grade lower than 7. 4 Includes schools beginning with grade
6 or below and ending with grade 9 or above. 5 Includes special education, alternative, and other schools not classified by grade
span.
Source: U.S. National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics, annual.
150 Education
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 232. Public Elementary and Secondary Schools—Summary: 1980 to 2006
[For school year ending in year shown, except as indicated (48,041 represents 48,041,000). Data are estimates]
Population 5−17 years old 1 . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 48,041 44,787 44,949 48,855 52,811 53,158 53,132
Percent of resident population . . . . . Percent . . . 21.4 19.0 18.2 18.6 18.8 18.1 18.0
Fall enrollment 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 41,778 39,354 40,527 43,898 46,577 48,392 48,728
Percent of population
5−17 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent . . . 87.0 87.9 90.2 89.9 88.2 91.0 91.7
Elementary 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 24,397 23,830 26,253 28,148 29,243 29,626 29,707
Secondary 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 17,381 15,524 14,274 15,750 17,334 18,766 19,021
Average daily attendance (ADA) . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 38,411 36,530 37,573 40,792 43,313 45,121 45,485
High school graduates . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 2,762 2,424 2,327 2,282 2,544 2,806 2,844
INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol. . . . 96,105 139,382 209,698 276,584 374,782 495,518 521,701
Current expenditures
(day schools) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol. . . . 85,661 127,230 186,583 242,995 320,954 421,834 443,415
Other current expenditures 6 . . . . . . Mil. dol. . . . 1,859 2,109 3,341 5,564 6,618 8,700 9,539
Capital outlay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol. . . . 6,504 7,529 16,012 21,646 37,552 48,616 52,952
Interest on school debt . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol. . . . 2,081 2,514 3,762 6,379 9,659 16,368 15,795
In current dollars:
Revenue receipts per pupil
enrolled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dollar . . . . 2,337 3,583 5,149 6,225 7,939 9,868 10,374
Current expenditures per pupil
enrolled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dollar . . . . 2,050 3,233 4,604 5,535 6,891 8,717 9,100
In constant (2006) dollars: 7
Revenue receipts per pupil
enrolled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dollar . . . . 5,508 6,722 7,848 8,223 9,253 10,121 10,374
Current expenditures per pupil
enrolled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dollar . . . . 4,832 6,065 7,018 7,313 8,032 8,940 9,100
1
Estimated resident population as of July 1 of the previous year, except 1980, 1990, and 2000 population enumerated as of
2
April 1. Estimates reflect revisions based on the 2000 Census of Population. Fall enrollment of the previous year.
3
Kindergarten through grade 6. 4 Grades 7 through 12. 5 Full-time equivalent. 6 Current expenses for summer schools,
adult education, post-high school vocational education, personnel retraining, etc., when operated by local school districts and not
7
part of regular public elementary and secondary day-school program. Compiled by U.S. Census Bureau. Deflated by the
Consumer Price Index, all urban consumers (for school year July through June) supplied by U.S. National Center for Education
Statistics.
Source: Except as noted, National Education Association, Washington, DC, Estimates of School Statistics Database
(copyright).
Grade 1980 1985 1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Pupils enrolled 1 . . . . 40,877 39,422 41,217 44,840 46,539 46,857 47,204 47,672 48,183 48,540 48,795 49,113
Pre-kindergarten to 8 1 . . . . 27,647 27,034 29,878 32,341 33,346 33,488 33,688 33,938 34,116 34,202 34,178 34,205
Pre-K and Kindergarten . . 2,689 3,192 3,610 4,173 4,172 4,148 4,158 4,244 4,349 4,453 4,534 4,656
First . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,894 3,239 3,499 3,671 3,727 3,684 3,636 3,614 3,594 3,613 3,663 3,691
Second. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,800 2,941 3,327 3,507 3,681 3,656 3,634 3,593 3,565 3,544 3,560 3,606
Third . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,893 2,895 3,297 3,445 3,696 3,691 3,676 3,653 3,623 3,611 3,580 3,586
Fourth . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,107 2,771 3,248 3,431 3,592 3,686 3,711 3,695 3,669 3,619 3,612 3,578
Fifth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,130 2,776 3,197 3,438 3,520 3,604 3,707 3,727 3,711 3,685 3,635 3,633
Sixth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,038 2,789 3,110 3,395 3,497 3,564 3,663 3,769 3,788 3,772 3,735 3,670
Seventh . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,085 2,938 3,067 3,422 3,530 3,541 3,629 3,720 3,821 3,841 3,818 3,777
Eighth . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,086 2,982 2,979 3,356 3,480 3,497 3,538 3,616 3,709 3,809 3,825 3,802
Grades 9 to 12 1 . . . . . . . . 13,231 12,388 11,338 12,500 13,193 13,369 13,515 13,734 14,067 14,338 14,617 14,909
Ninth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,377 3,439 3,169 3,704 3,856 3,935 3,963 4,012 4,105 4,190 4,281 4,287
Tenth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,368 3,230 2,896 3,237 3,382 3,415 3,491 3,528 3,584 3,675 3,750 3,866
Eleventh . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,195 2,866 2,612 2,826 3,021 3,034 3,083 3,174 3,229 3,277 3,369 3,455
Twelfth . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,925 2,550 2,381 2,487 2,722 2,782 2,803 2,863 2,990 3,046 3,094 3,180
1
Includes unclassified students not shown separately.
Source: U.S. National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics, annual.
Education 151
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 234. Public Elementary and Secondary Schools and Enrollment—States:
2005−2006
[For schools with membership (48,912 represents 48,912,000). Based on the Common Core of Data Program; see source
for details]
Type of school
Total
number Special Vocational Alternative
Regular 1
of Total education education 2 education 3
State schools number
with of Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
member- students of of of of of of of of
ship (1,000) schools students schools students schools students schools students
Total . . . . . . . 93,845 48,912 86,792 98.0 1,673 0.5 385 0.4 4,995 1.1
152 Education
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 235. Selected Statistics for the Largest Public School Districts:
2005−2006
[For the 50 largest districts by enrollment size. Based on reports from state education agencies in the spring 2006. Data from
the Common Core Data Program; see source for details. School district boundaries are not necessarily the same as city or county
boundaries]
Number
of
full-time Number
School district equiv- of
Number alent 2004−05 Number
of (FTE) complet- of
City County students 1 teachers ers 2 schools
New York City Public Schools, NY . . . . . . . . New York New York 1,014,058 70,889 41,322 1,408
Los Angeles Unified, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Los Angeles Los Angeles 727,319 34,961 29,741 808
Puerto Rico Department of Education, PR . . . San Juan San Juan 563,490 42,036 30,371 1,523
City of Chicago, IL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chicago Cook 420,982 27,039 16,866 633
Dade County, FL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miami Miami-Dade 362,070 20,606 18,702 394
Clark County, NV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Las Vegas Clark 294,131 14,862 10,314 314
Broward County, FL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fort Lauderdale Broward 271,630 15,717 14,436 285
Houston Independent School District, TX . . . Houston Harris 210,292 12,082 8,476 312
Hillsborough County, FL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tampa Hillsborough 193,757 10,924 9,614 261
Philadelphia City School District, PA. . . . . . . Philadelphia Philadelphia 184,560 10,060 10,819 270
Hawaii Department of Education, HI . . . . . . . Honolulu Honolulu 182,818 11,226 11,014 285
Orange County, FL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Orlando Orange 175,609 10,737 9,434 211
Palm Beach County, FL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Palm Beach Palm Beach 174,935 10,084 9,523 236
Fairfax County, VA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Falls Church Fairfax 163,753 13,090 11,570 207
Dallas Independent School District, TX . . . . . Dallas Dallas 161,244 10,324 6,832 255
Gwinnett County, GA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lawrenceville Gwinnett 144,598 9,801 7,045 122
Montgomery County, MD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rockville Montgomery 139,398 9,371 9,351 199
Prince George’s County Public Schools, MD . Upper Marlboro Prince George’s 133,325 8,395 7,947 205
Detroit City, MI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Detroit Wayne 133,255 7,187 5,673 235
San Diego Unified, CA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . San Diego San Diego 132,482 7,332 6,653 219
Duval County, FL . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . Jacksonville Duval 126,662 7,526 6,276 182
Charlotte-Mecklenburg, NC. . ... . . . . . . . . Charlotte Mecklenburg 124,005 8,616 5,836 142
Wake County, NC . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . Raleigh Wake 120,996 8,179 6,659 138
Memphis City School District, TN. . . . . . . . . Memphis Shelby 120,275 7,085 5,946 194
Pinellas County, FL . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . Largo Pinellas 112,174 6,799 5,949 173
Baltimore County, MD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Baltimore Baltimore 107,043 7,388 7,238 168
Cobb County, GA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marietta Cobb 106,724 7,065 6,354 110
DeKalb County, GA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Decatur De Kalb 102,310 6,858 5,199 148
Jefferson County, KY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisville Jefferson 98,537 5,780 5,194 172
Albuquerque, NM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Albuquerque Bernalillo 94,022 6,139 4,650 169
Long Beach Unified, CA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Long Beach Los Angeles 93,589 4,298 4,956 90
Milwaukee, WI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Milwaukee Milwaukee 92,395 5,420 3,915 235
Polk County, FL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bartow Polk 89,443 6,046 4,380 153
Baltimore City, MD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Baltimore Baltimore City 87,643 5,666 4,145 197
Jefferson County, CO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Golden Jefferson 86,332 4,785 5,651 162
Cypress-Fairbanks Independent School
District, TX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Houston Harris 86,256 5,521 4,622 75
Austin Independent School District, TX . . . . . Austin Travis 81,155 5,630 3,746 124
Fulton County, GA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Atlanta Fulton 81,100 5,634 4,291 95
Fort Worth Independent School District, TX . . Fort Worth Tarrant 80,336 4,794 3,608 147
Fresno Unified, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresno Fresno 79,046 3,737 4,022 106
Northside Independent School District, TX. . . San Antonio Bexar 78,711 4,867 4,238 95
Jordan, UT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . Sandy Salt Lake 77,110 3,120 4,922 92
Lee County School District, FL . . . . . ... . . Fort Myers Lee 75,634 4,322 3,728 101
Brevard County, FL . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . Viera Brevard 75,233 4,489 4,493 117
Mesa Unified District, AZ . . . . . . . . . ... . . Mesa Maricopa 74,626 3,805 4,391 89
Virginia Beach City Public Schools, VA . . . . . Virginia Beach Va. Beach City 74,303 5,647 4,778 88
Anne Arundel County, MD . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annapolis Anne Arundel 73,565 4,754 4,861 121
Nashville-Davidson, TN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nashville Davidson 72,713 4,951 3,390 132
Denver County, CO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Denver Denver 72,312 3,974 2,849 148
Guilford County Schools, NC . . . . . . . . . . . Greensboro Guilford 68,951 4,621 4,087 111
1
Number of students receiving educational services from the school district. 2 Includes high school diploma recipients and
other completers (for example certificates of attendance) but does not include high school equivalents (GEDs).
Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), ‘‘Local
Education Agency Universe Survey,’’ 2005−06, Version 1a.
Education 153
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 236. Public Elementary and Secondary School Enrollment by State:
1980 to 2005
[In thousands (27,647 represents 27,647,000), except rate. As of fall. Includes unclassified students. Based on survey of state
education agencies; see source for details]
Enrollment
2
Prekindergarten 1
Enrollment rate
Grades 9 through 12
State through grade 8 1
2005, 2005, 2005,
1980 1990 2000 est. 1980 1990 2000 est. 1980 1990 2000 est.
United States. . . . 27,647 29,878 33,688 34,205 13,231 11,338 13,515 14,909 86.2 91.2 88.8 92.4
Alabama . . . . . . . . . 528 527 539 529 231 195 201 212 87.6 93.2 89.6 93.5
Alaska . . . . . . . . . . 60 85 94 91 26 29 39 42 94.0 97.4 93.4 96.9
Arizona . . . . . . . . . . 357 479 641 740 157 161 237 355 88.9 93.3 88.4 97.7
Arkansas. . . . . . . . . 310 314 318 336 138 123 132 138 90.3 95.8 90.2 97.1
California. . . . . . . . . 2,730 3,615 4,408 4,466 1,347 1,336 1,733 1,971 87.1 92.6 90.5 91.8
Colorado . . . . . . . . . 374 420 517 550 172 154 208 230 92.2 94.6 89.7 92.8
Connecticut . . . . . . . 364 347 406 400 168 122 156 175 83.3 90.2 90.7 92.2
Delaware. . . . . . . . . 62 73 81 85 37 27 34 36 79.5 87.2 80.3 86.1
District of Cloumbia . . 71 61 54 56 29 19 15 21 91.8 100.6 84.0 103.2
Florida . . . . . . . . . . 1,042 1,370 1,760 1,873 468 492 675 802 84.4 92.6 89.7 90.7
Georgia . . . . . . . . . 742 849 1,060 1,145 327 303 385 453 86.8 93.7 91.4 95.7
Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . 110 123 132 127 55 49 52 55 83.4 87.4 84.8 87.3
Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . 144 160 170 183 59 61 75 79 95.4 96.9 90.3 97.7
Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . 1,335 1,310 1,474 1,480 649 512 575 631 82.6 86.9 86.4 90.1
Indiana . . . . . . . . . . 708 676 703 724 347 279 286 311 88.0 90.4 85.8 88.3
Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 345 334 326 183 139 161 157 88.4 92.1 91.3 98.7
Kansas . . . . . . . . . . 283 320 323 320 133 117 147 147 88.7 92.5 90.0 96.1
Kentucky . . . . . . . . . 464 459 471 487 206 177 194 192 83.7 90.5 91.4 95.7
Louisiana . . . . . . . . 544 586 547 482 234 199 197 172 80.2 88.1 82.6 79.3
Maine . . . . . . . . . . . 153 155 146 133 70 60 61 62 91.6 96.5 90.3 93.2
Maryland . . . . . . . . . 493 527 609 589 258 188 244 271 83.9 89.1 84.9 84.2
Massachusetts . . . . . 676 604 703 675 346 230 273 297 88.6 88.8 88.5 91.6
Michigan . . . . . . . . . 1,227 1,145 1,222 1,191 570 440 498 551 86.9 90.3 89.5 92.9
Minnesota . . . . . . . . 482 546 578 558 272 211 277 281 87.2 91.3 89.5 93.9
Mississippi. . . . . . . . 330 372 364 358 147 131 134 137 79.6 91.3 87.5 92.2
Missouri . . . . . . . . . 567 588 645 635 277 228 268 283 83.8 86.5 86.5 91.5
Montana . . . . . . . . . 106 111 105 98 50 42 50 48 92.9 94.1 89.1 96.0
Nebraska . . . . . . . . 189 198 195 195 91 76 91 92 86.6 88.7 86.2 93.0
Nevada . . . . . . . . . . 101 150 251 296 49 51 90 116 93.4 98.6 91.8 92.2
New Hampshire . . . . 112 126 147 139 55 46 61 67 85.3 89.1 89.1 89.3
New Jersey . . . . . . . 820 784 968 971 426 306 346 425 81.5 85.9 85.9 88.3
New Mexico. . . . . . . 186 208 225 230 85 94 95 97 89.5 94.4 85.0 92.0
New York . . . . . . . . 1,838 1,828 2,029 1,909 1,033 770 853 906 80.8 86.6 83.6 85.4
North Carolina . . . . . 786 783 945 1,003 343 304 348 413 90.1 94.8 90.4 92.3
North Dakota . . . . . . 77 85 72 66 40 33 37 33 85.9 92.6 90.9 98.5
Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,312 1,258 1,294 1,261 645 514 541 578 84.8 88.0 86.1 90.7
Oklahoma . . . . . . . . 399 425 445 457 179 154 178 178 92.9 95.1 95.4 104.2
Oregon . . . . . . . . . . 319 340 379 380 145 132 167 173 88.5 90.6 87.5 88.4
Pennsylvania . . . . . . 1,231 1,172 1,258 1,228 678 496 556 603 80.4 83.5 82.8 87.5
Rhode Island . . . . . . 98 102 114 104 51 37 44 50 80.1 87.5 85.6 84.7
South Carolina . . . . . 426 452 493 498 193 170 184 204 88.1 93.9 90.9 94.1
South Dakota . . . . . . 86 95 88 84 42 34 41 38 87.4 89.9 85.3 89.7
Tennessee. . . . . . . . 602 598 668 677 252 226 241 277 87.8 93.5 88.8 95.1
Texas . . . . . . . . . . . 2,049 2,511 2,943 3,268 851 872 1,117 1,257 92.4 98.4 94.9 101.6
Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 325 333 358 93 122 148 151 98.2 97.8 94.5 100.2
154 Education
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 237. Public Schools Reporting Incidents of Crime, by Incident Type and
Selected School Characteristic: 2005−06
[For school year. Includes incidents that happen in school buildings, on school grounds, on school buses, and at places that hold
school-sponsored events or activities. Based on sample; see source for details]
Education 155
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 239. Students Who Reported Carrying a Weapon: 1995 to 2005
[In percent. For students in grades 9 to 12. Percentages are based on students who reported carrying a weapon at least one
day during the previous thirty days. Weapons are such things as guns, knives, and clubs. Based on the Youth Risk Behavior Sur-
veillance System. See source for details. See also <http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/yrbs/index.htm>]
Sex:
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.1 28.6 29.3 26.9 29.8 14.3 11.0 10.2 8.9 10.2
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 6.0 6.2 6.7 7.1 4.9 2.8 2.9 3.1 2.6
Race/ethnicity:
White, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . 18.9 16.4 17.9 16.7 18.7 9.0 6.4 6.1 5.5 6.1
Black, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . 21.8 17.2 15.2 17.3 16.4 10.3 5.0 6.3 6.9 5.1
Hispanic 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.7 18.7 16.5 16.5 19.0 14.1 7.9 6.4 6.0 8.2
Asian, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . (1) 13.0 10.6 11.6 7.0 (1) 6.5 7.2 3
6.6 3
2.8
3 3
American Indian, non-Hispanic . . . 32.0 21.8 31.2 29.3 25.6 13.0 11.6 16.4 12.9 7.2
Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic . . . . (1) 25.3 17.4 3
16.3 3
20.0 (1) 9.3 3
10.0 3
4.9 3
15.4
More than one race . . . . . . . . . . (1) 22.2 25.2 29.8 26.7 (1) 11.4 13.2 3
13.3 11.9
Grade:
9th. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.6 17.6 19.8 18.0 19.9 10.7 7.2 6.7 5.3 6.4
10th . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.1 18.7 16.7 15.9 19.4 10.4 6.6 6.7 6.0 6.9
11th . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.3 16.1 16.8 18.2 17.1 10.2 7.0 6.1 6.6 5.9
12th . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.1 15.9 15.1 15.5 16.9 7.6 6.2 6.1 6.4 6.7
1
The response categories for race/ethnicity changed in 1999 making comparisons of some categories with earlier years
problematic. 2 Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. 3 Data should be interpreted with caution.
Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics and U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of
Justice Statistics, Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2006, December 2006, NCES 2007-003. See also <http://nces.ed.gov
/surveys/ssocs>.
Table 240. Public Schools Using Selected Safety and Security Measures, by
School Characteristics: 2000 to 2006
[In percent. For school year ending in year shown. Based on survey of principals or persons knowledgeable about discipline
issues at the school. Refers only to those times during normal school hours or when school activities or events were in session.
Based on the School Survey on Crime and Safety and subject to sampling error; for details see source]
156 Education
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 241. School Enrollment Below Postsecondary—Summary by Sex, Race,
and Hispanic Origin: 2006
[In thousands (57,965 represents 57,965,000), except percent and rate. As of October. Covers civilian noninstitutional popu-
lation enrolled in nursery school through high school. Based on Current Population Survey, see text, Section 1 and Appendix III]
Education 157
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 243. Public Elementary and Secondary School Teachers—Selected
Characteristics: 2004—2005
[For school year (449 represents 449,000). Based on the 2004−2005 Teacher Follow-up Survey, a component of the School and
Staffing Survey, and subject to sampling error; for details, see source Web site at <http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/sass/>. Excludes prekindergarten
teachers. See Table 255 for similar data on private school teachers]
Full-time teachers . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . 411 706 687 902 687 2,018 2,284 207 120
Earned income . . . . . . . . . Dollars . . 37,510 43,288 48,392 54,577 50,823 46,328 47,710 45,981 45,941
Salary . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dollars . . 37,093 42,607 47,662 53,590 49,207 45,865 46,864 45,672 45,646
1 2
X Not applicable. Non-Hispanic. Includes teachers with no degrees and associate’s degrees not shown separately.
Source: U.S. National Center for Education Statistics, ‘‘Teacher Follow-up Survey, 2004−05,’’ unpublished data.
158 Education
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 245. Teacher Stayers, Movers, and Leavers, by Sector:
1988−89 and 2004−05
[2,386.5 represents 2,386,500. Data compare the teaching status of teacher between one school year and the prior year. Stayers
are teachers who were teaching in the same school in both years. Movers are teachers who were still teaching in the current school
year but in a different school. Leavers are teachers who left the teaching profession. Based on the School and Staffing Survey; see
source for details]
Public Private
Characteristic 1 1
Total Stayers Movers Leavers Total Stayers Movers Leavers
NUMBER (1,000)
1988−89 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,386.5 2,065.8 188.4 132.3 311.9 242.5 29.7 39.7
2004−05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,214.9 2,684.2 261.1 269.6 465.3 374.6 27.6 63.1
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total, 2004−05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 100.0 83.5 8.1 8.4 100.0 80.5 5.9 13.6
Age:
Less than 30 years old . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 76.3 14.7 9.0 100.0 68.1 11.8 20.1
30 to 39 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 84.2 9.0 6.8 100.0 80.6 5.2 14.2
40 to 49 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 87.6 7.1 5.3 100.0 84.3 5.0 10.7
2
50 years old or more . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 83.7 4.5 11.8 100.0 84.7 3.8 11.5
Sex:
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 100.0 83.9 8.3 7.7 100.0 80.5 5.2 14.2
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 100.0 83.4 8.1 8.6 100.0 80.5 6.1 13.4
Race/ethnicity:
White, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . .. 100.0 83.9 7.9 8.2 100.0 81.3 5.7 13.0
2
Black, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . .. 100.0 79.3 9.7 11.0 100.0 67.8 9.2 23.0
Hispanic, single or more than
one race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 100.0 80.6 10.1 9.3 100.0 70.3 7.6 22.1
Asian, Native Hawaiian, or Other
2
Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic . . . . .. 100.0 81.8 7.9 10.3 100.0 89.7 2.7 7.6
American Indian/Alaska Native,
2 2
non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 100.0 93.1 5.0 1.9 100.0 65.5 18.5 16.0
2 2 2
More than one race, non-Hispanic . .. 100.0 88.1 6.6 5.3 100.0 65.8 13.4 20.8
Full-time teaching experience:
No full-time teaching experience . . . . . 100.0 63.3 17.1 19.6 100.0 73.6 4.0 22.3
1 to 3 years’ experience . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 77.1 14.8 8.1 100.0 71.0 10.1 18.9
4 to 9 years’ experience . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 82.7 9.4 7.9 100.0 77.2 6.7 16.1
10 to 19 years’ experience. . . . . . . . . 100.0 88.2 6.3 5.5 100.0 88.3 3.8 7.8
20 years or more experience . . . . . . . 100.0 84.9 3.9 11.2 100.0 89.7 3.3 7.0
Main assignment field:
Early childhood/general elementary . . . 100.0 84.5 7.4 8.1 100.0 81.1 6.8 12.2
2
Special education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 78.9 11.1 10.0 100.0 72.2 7.4 20.4
Arts/music . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 84.7 9.3 6.0 100.0 77.6 4.4 18.0
English/language arts . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 83.2 9.0 7.8 100.0 81.1 5.6 13.3
Mathematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 84.6 8.6 6.8 100.0 83.8 5.4 10.7
Natural sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 88.5 5.6 5.9 100.0 84.0 5.9 10.1
Social sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 85.6 6.0 8.4 100.0 81.8 4.8 13.4
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 81.3 8.0 10.7 100.0 79.2 5.3 15.5
1 2
Total teachers prior school year. Interpret data with caution. The standard error for this estimate is equal to 50 percent.
Source: U.S. National Center for Education Statistics, Teacher Attrition and Mobility: Results for the 2004−05 Teacher
Follow-up Survey NCES 2007-307, January 2007.
Table 246. Public and Private School Teachers Who Moved to a Different School
or Left Teaching, by Reason: 2004−05
[In percent. Movers are teachers who were still teaching in the current school year but had moved to a different school after the
2003−04 school year. Leavers are teachers who left the teaching profession after the 2003−04 school year. Based on the School
and Staffing Survey; see source for details]
Movers Leavers
Reason for moving Reason for leaving
Public Private Public Private
New school is closer to home . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.2 22.8 Changed residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 17.4
Better safety and benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.5 46.4 Pregnancy or child rearing . . . . . . . . . . . 18.7 24.6
Higher job security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.1 33.4 Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 13.2
Opportunity for a better teaching assignment. . 38.1 33.1 Retirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.4 10.2
Dissatisfaction with workplace conditions . . . . School staffing action 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.6 17.7
at previous school . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.7 21.4 Better salary or benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2 21.8
Dissatisfaction with support from . . . . . . . . . . To pursue a position other than . . . . . . . .
administrators at previous school. . . . . . . . . 37.2 27.0 that of a K−12 teacher . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.3 29.5
Dissatisfaction with changes in job . . . . . . . . To take courses to improve career . . . . . .
description or responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . 18.3 17.5 opportunities within the field of education . 8.9 9.8
Laid off or involuntarily transferred. . . . . . . . . 18.7 19.2 To take courses to improve career . . . . . .
Did not have enough autonomy over . . . . . . . opportunities outside the field of education. 5.3 7.3
classroom at previous school . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 7.6 Dissatisfied with teaching as a career . . . . 14.6 10.8
Dissatisfaction with opportunities for . . . . . . . Dissatisfied with previous school . . . . . . .
professional development at previous school . 12.8 19.7 or teaching assignment. . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.0 18.1
Other dissatisfaction with previous school . . . . 31.2 29.7 Other family or personal reasons . . . . . . . 20.4 30.6
1
For example reduction in force, lay-off, school closing, school reorganization, reassignment.
Source: U.S. National Center for Education Statistics, Teacher Attrition and Mobility: Results for the 2004−05 Teacher
Follow-up Survey, NCES 2007-307, January 2007.
Education 159
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 247. Average Salary and Wages Paid in Public School Systems:
1985 to 2007
[In dollars. For school year ending in year shown. Data reported by a stratified sample of school systems enrolling 300 or more
pupils. Data represent unweighted means of average salaries paid school personnel reported by each school system]
Position 1985 1990 1995 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
ANNUAL SALARY
Central-office administrators:
Superintendent (contract salary) . . . 56,954 75,425 90,198 112,158 126,268 125,609 128,770 134,436 141,191
Deputy/assoc. superintendent . . . . 52,877 69,623 81,266 97,251 112,104 113,790 116,186 122,078 128,307
Assistant superintendent . . . . . . . . 48,003 62,698 75,236 88,913 98,623 100,808 103,212 106,492 111,963
Administrators for— . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and business . . . . . . . . 40,344 52,354 61,323 73,499 81,451 82,269 83,678 86,390 91,718
Instructional services. . . . . . . . . 43,452 56,359 66,767 79,023 84,640 84,866 88,950 91,094 95,025
Public relations/information. . . . . 35,287 44,926 53,263 60,655 67,298 70,291 70,502 72,378 77,121
Staff personnel services. . . . . . . 44,182 56,344 65,819 76,608 85,041 86,333 86,966 90,097 94,761
Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 73,931 76,139 76,308 78,249 81,809
Subject area supervisors . . . . . . . . 34,422 45,929 54,534 63,103 66,582 67,098 68,714 71,984 75,982
School building administrators:
Principals:
Elementary . . . . . . . . . . ..... 36,452 48,431 58,589 69,407 75,291 75,144 76,182 79,496 82,414
Junior high/middle . . . . . ..... 39,650 52,163 62,311 73,877 80,708 80,060 81,514 84,685 87,866
Senior high . . . . . . . . . . ..... 42,094 55,722 66,596 79,839 86,452 86,160 86,938 90,260 92,965
Assistant principals:
Elementary . . . . . . . . . . ..... 30,496 40,916 48,491 56,419 62,230 62,213 63,140 65,770 67,735
Junior high/middle . . . . . ..... 33,793 44,570 52,942 60,842 67,288 66,360 67,600 70,268 73,020
Senior high . . . . . . . . . . ..... 35,491 46,486 55,556 64,811 70,847 70,495 71,401 73,622 75,121
Classroom teachers . . . . . . . . . . . 23,587 31,278 37,264 42,213 45,026 45,646 45,884 48,160 49,294
160 Education
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 249. Finances of Public Elementary and Secondary School Systems by
Enrollment-Size Group: 2005−2006
[In millions of dollars (521,116 represents $521,116,000,000). Data are based on annual survey. For details, see source. See
also Appendix III]
General revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521,116 108,839 64,508 48,670 72,956 47,420 60,765 117,958
From federal sources. . . . . . . . . . . 47,101 11,601 6,174 4,181 5,973 3,299 4,403 11,470
Through state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,529 10,964 5,837 3,943 5,455 3,046 4,124 10,159
Child nutrition programs. . . . . . 8,913 2,242 1,265 934 1,211 693 904 1,665
Direct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,572 637 336 238 518 253 278 1,312
From state sources 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 242,785 48,544 31,212 25,025 34,957 20,926 26,590 55,532
General formula assistance . . . . . 163,966 29,831 21,158 17,510 24,352 14,299 18,046 38,771
Compensatory programs . . . . . . . 5,873 1,137 1,490 675 818 570 459 725
Special education . . . . . . . . . . . 15,248 3,794 1,640 1,193 1,886 1,235 1,691 3,807
From local sources . . . . . . . . . . . . 231,230 48,694 27,122 19,464 32,027 23,196 29,773 50,955
Taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,671 25,109 17,845 13,456 22,804 16,800 21,404 36,254
Contributions from parent
government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,189 16,726 3,923 2,391 4,181 3,193 4,079 4,696
From other local governments . . . 5,297 567 772 331 479 433 714 2,000
Current charges . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,737 2,171 1,601 1,292 2,037 1,272 1,648 3,717
School lunch . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,769 977 798 700 1,066 711 904 1,613
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,337 4,121 2,982 1,994 2,525 1,498 1,927 4,289
General expenditure . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526,649 111,992 65,993 50,060 73,612 47,654 59,912 117,426
Current spending . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451,488 93,831 54,925 42,076 63,200 41,350 52,377 103,729
By function: Instruction . . . . . . . . 271,843 58,082 33,008 25,368 38,253 25,156 31,655 60,321
Support services . . . . . . . . . . 156,003 30,680 18,981 14,346 21,672 14,218 18,143 37,964
Other current spending . . . . . . 23,642 5,069 2,936 2,362 3,274 1,976 2,580 5,444
By object:
Total salaries and wages . . . . . 272,654 56,693 34,055 26,216 38,832 25,197 31,637 60,025
Total employee benefits . . . . . . 88,151 17,981 10,059 8,355 12,760 8,384 10,597 20,015
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,683 19,158 10,811 7,505 11,608 7,769 10,144 23,688
Capital outlay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,809 14,736 8,919 6,548 7,967 4,690 5,648 10,301
Interest on debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,752 3,124 1,995 1,352 1,959 1,221 1,573 2,529
Payments to other governments . . . 2,600 301 154 85 486 393 313 867
Debt outstanding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322,725 73,690 42,808 32,278 45,929 29,413 38,048 60,559
Long-term . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312,753 69,555 42,282 31,759 44,723 28,769 37,080 58,586
Short-term . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,972 4,135 526 519 1,206 644 968 1,974
Long-term debt issued . . . . . . . . . . . 52,171 12,900 7,024 6,045 7,307 4,792 5,500 8,604
Long-term debt retired. . . . . . . . . . . . 27,194 4,511 3,245 2,506 4,267 2,879 3,600 6,187
1
Includes other sources not shown separately.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Public Education Finances, 2006, April 2008. See Internet site <http://www.census.gov/govs/www
/school.html>.
Table 250. Per Pupil Amounts of Finances of Public Elementary and Secondary
School Systems by Enrollment-Size Group: 2005−2006
[In dollars, except as indicated (48,381 represents 48,381,000). Data are based on annual survey. For details, see source. See
also Appendix III]
Education 161
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 251. Public Elementary and Secondary Estimated Finances, 1980 to 2006,
and by State, 2006
[In millions of dollars (101,724 represents $101,724,000,000), except as noted. For school years ending in June of year shown]
Receipts Expenditures
Revenue receipts Current expenditures
Ele- Average per
Year and state Source mentary pupil in ADA 4
and
Non- Per second-
revenue capita 3 ary day Amount
Total Total Federal State Local receipts 1 Total 2
(dol.) schools (dol.) Rank
1980 . . . . . . . . . 101,724 97,635 9,020 47,929 40,686 4,089 96,105 427 85,661 2,230 (X)
1985 . . . . . . . . . 146,976 141,013 9,533 69,107 62,373 5,963 139,382 591 127,230 3,483 (X)
1990 . . . . . . . . . 218,126 208,656 13,184 100,787 94,685 9,469 209,698 850 186,583 4,966 (X)
1995 . . . . . . . . . 288,501 273,255 18,764 129,958 124,533 15,246 276,584 1,051 242,995 5,957 (X)
1999 . . . . . . . . . 370,735 345,901 23,583 170,606 151,711 24,835 350,539 1,271 301,380 7,011 (X)
2000 . . . . . . . . . 390,861 369,754 26,346 183,986 159,421 21,106 374,782 1,343 320,954 7,410 (X)
2001 . . . . . . . . . 426,200 397,255 28,300 198,802 170,152 28,946 404,271 1,437 344,033 7,870 (X)
2002 . . . . . . . . . 449,039 416,891 32,213 206,112 178,565 32,148 427,577 1,500 363,551 8,210 (X)
2003 . . . . . . . . . 472,194 435,746 36,116 214,019 185,611 36,449 451,421 1,568 385,566 8,651 (X)
2004 . . . . . . . . . 489,161 455,063 40,623 215,763 198,677 34,097 469,404 1,616 400,657 8,917 (X)
2005 . . . . . . . . . 519,626 477,526 42,909 225,879 208,738 42,101 495,518 1,690 421,834 9,349 (X)
2006, total . . . . 548,331 505,490 45,455 238,948 221,087 42,841 521,701 1,763 443,415 9,749 (X)
Alabama . . . . . . . 7,000 6,349 751 3,569 2,029 651 6,540 1,441 5,691 8,004 43
Alaska . . . . . . . . 1,489 1,325 166 842 317 164 1,462 2,184 1,357 11,726 9
Arizona . . . . . . . . 8,007 7,979 631 4,114 3,235 28 6,893 1,158 5,641 5,791 50
Arkansas. . . . . . . 4,392 4,154 483 2,308 1,363 238 4,264 1,538 3,808 9,586 26
California. . . . . . . 73,272 64,401 6,630 39,709 18,062 8,871 68,045 1,891 53,547 8,823 32
Colorado . . . . ... 8,299 7,275 549 3,100 3,626 1,024 8,341 1,785 6,918 9,555 28
Connecticut . . ... 8,028 8,015 494 3,127 4,394 13 8,025 2,302 7,173 12,936 5
Delaware. . . . ... 1,785 1,592 145 1,025 421 194 1,778 2,116 1,456 12,770 6
District
of Columbia . ... 868 868 115 − 753 − 1,182 2,031 954 17,152 (X)
Florida . . . . . ... 28,208 25,088 2,502 9,796 12,790 3,120 26,832 1,513 20,720 8,305 40
Georgia . . . . . . . 16,770 16,050 1,488 6,886 7,676 720 15,563 1,709 13,641 9,176 29
Hawaii . . . . . . . . 2,740 2,704 224 2,432 48 37 2,029 1,601 1,806 10,696 15
Idaho . . . . . . . . . 2,290 1,894 203 1,063 629 396 2,043 1,433 1,844 7,475 45
Illinois . . . . . . . . . 23,688 21,218 1,636 5,831 13,752 2,470 22,590 1,776 19,966 10,477 18
Indiana . . . . . . . . 11,996 11,211 771 5,505 4,935 785 11,315 1,808 9,242 9,696 23
Iowa . . . . . . . . . . 5,003 4,632 316 2,141 2,176 371 4,421 1,496 3,774 8,325 39
Kansas . . . . . . . . 5,047 4,644 341 2,641 1,662 403 4,717 1,721 3,912 9,613 25
Kentucky . . . . . . . 5,910 5,899 710 3,401 1,788 11 5,855 1,404 5,328 9,031 30
Louisiana . . . . . . 8,062 6,776 1,273 2,925 2,578 1,286 6,523 1,451 5,572 8,602 33
Maine . . . . . . . . . 2,458 2,310 222 941 1,147 148 2,458 1,873 2,247 12,223 8
Maryland . . . . . . . 10,329 10,046 714 3,875 5,457 283 9,409 1,688 8,403 10,497 17
Massachusetts . . . 13,875 13,873 754 6,549 6,571 1 14,216 2,211 12,242 13,407 4
Michigan . . . . . . . 19,597 19,245 1,703 11,903 5,638 352 18,793 1,859 17,209 10,818 14
Minnesota . . . . . . 10,280 9,085 645 6,529 1,910 1,195 10,191 1,993 8,084 10,361 19
Mississippi. . . . . . 4,341 4,091 857 2,109 1,126 249 3,945 1,360 3,564 7,503 44
Missouri . . . . . . . 9,955 8,870 801 2,937 5,131 1,086 8,236 1,423 7,056 8,518 36
Montana . . . . . . . 1,359 1,331 163 632 537 28 1,270 1,357 1,216 9,620 24
Nebraska . . . . . . 2,548 2,527 216 922 1,389 21 2,455 1,400 2,256 8,534 35
Nevada . . . . . . . . 4,316 2,930 208 953 1,769 1,386 3,696 1,534 2,792 7,200 48
New Hampshire . . 2,425 2,277 140 956 1,180 148 2,303 1,768 2,098 11,110 13
New Jersey . . . . . 20,032 20,023 655 7,361 12,007 9 19,938 2,303 19,222 14,149 3
New Mexico. . . . . 3,268 3,116 457 2,219 439 152 3,248 1,695 2,818 9,580 27
New York . . . . . . 41,800 41,346 2,844 18,861 19,641 454 42,895 2,227 38,154 14,568 2
North Carolina . . . 11,602 10,597 1,181 6,761 2,655 1,005 11,858 1,366 10,564 8,163 41
North Dakota . . . . 956 932 136 318 478 24 937 1,474 758 8,458 37
Ohio . . . . . . . . . . 24,259 20,636 1,311 9,580 9,746 3,623 21,237 1,853 18,692 11,316 12
Oklahoma . . . . . . 5,210 4,865 650 2,482 1,733 345 4,854 1,373 4,406 7,449 47
Oregon . . . . . . . . 5,639 5,514 530 2,736 2,249 125 5,353 1,475 4,837 9,846 22
Pennsylvania . . . . 22,979 22,678 1,840 8,029 12,810 301 22,751 1,840 19,608 11,521 11
Rhode Island . . . . 1,588 1,588 53 579 955 − 1,870 1,753 1,788 11,693 10
South Carolina . . . 8,585 6,588 688 2,923 2,976 1,998 7,175 1,686 5,815 8,971 31
South Dakota . . . . 1,189 1,102 196 365 540 87 1,088 1,395 955 8,334 38
Tennessee. . . . . . 7,382 7,021 818 3,165 3,039 361 6,945 1,160 6,558 7,453 46
Texas . . . . . . . . . 44,733 39,942 4,918 13,551 21,472 4,791 42,311 1,852 34,005 8,078 42
Utah . . . . . . . . . . 3,769 3,339 352 1,807 1,180 430 3,237 1,292 2,591 5,815 49
Vermont . . . . . . . 1,353 1,331 102 1,155 74 22 1,316 2,123 1,180 14,836 1
Virginia . . . . . . . . 13,697 12,790 925 5,065 6,800 908 14,123 1,869 11,266 10,011 21
Washington . . . . . 11,166 9,601 878 5,934 2,790 1,565 10,590 1,689 8,224 8,563 34
West Virginia . . . . 3,205 2,946 371 1,744 832 259 3,253 1,802 2,766 10,103 20
Wisconsin . . . . . . 10,427 9,727 586 5,087 4,054 700 10,183 1,838 8,721 10,672 16
Wyoming. . . . . . . 1,156 1,151 116 507 527 5 1,146 2,263 971 12,484 7
− Represents or rounds to zero. X Not applicable. 1 Amount received by local education agencies from the sales of bonds
and real property and equipment, loans, and proceeds from insurance adjustments. 2 Includes interest on school debt and other
current expenditures not shown separately. 3 Based on U.S. Census Bureau estimated resident population, as of July 1, the
previous year, except 1980, 1990, and 2000 population enumerated as of April 1. 4 Average daily attendance.
Source: National Education Association, Washington, DC, Estimates of School Statistics Database (copyright).
162 Education
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 252. Computers for Student Instruction in Elementary and Secondary
Schools: 2005−2006
[(54,848 represents 54,848,000.) Market Data Retrieval collects student use computer information in elementary and secondary
schools nationwide through a comprehensive annual technology survey that utilizes mail, telephone, and Internet data methods]
Schools
with
distance Schools Schools
Schools learning Schools with high with
Level Stu- with a programs with lap- speed video-
Total Number dents wireless for stu- top com- Internet stream-
enroll- of com- per network dents puters access ing
Total ment puters 1 com- (per- (per- (per- (per- (per-
schools (1,000) (1,000) puter cent) cent) 2 cent) 3 cent) 4 cent)
U.S. total . . . . . . . . . . 114,749 54,848 14,165 3.9 54.2 19.1 59.7 84.3 43.4
Public schools, total . . . . . . 91,977 49,567 12,914 3.8 54.4 20.3 60.0 85.7 45.0
Elementary . . . . . . . . . . 53,245 23,805 5,612 4.2 49.1 11.2 55.4 85.0 41.3
Middle/junior high . . . . . . 14,310 9,376 2,503 3.7 61.6 15.6 66.2 85.8 53.2
Senior high . . . . . . . . . . 17,282 14,028 4,067 3.4 64.0 43.8 67.9 87.5 50.4
K to 12/other . . . . . . . . . 7,140 2,358 733 3.2 54.7 43.2 61.7 85.9 41.0
Catholic schools, total . . . . . 7,673 2,481 554 4.5 51.0 7.1 60.3 74.0 29.7
Elementary . . . . . . . . . . 6,326 1,797 358 5.0 46.5 3.8 57.9 71.6 27.3
Secondary . . . . . . . . . . . 1,179 621 179 3.5 67.7 20.8 70.0 83.8 38.8
K to 12/other . . . . . . . . . 168 63 17 3.8 73.1 7.7 65.4 73.1 38.5
Other private schools, total. . 15,099 2,800 697 4.0 52.1 6.5 50.1 66.4 24.1
Elementary . . . . . . . . . . 7,426 1,171 283 4.1 52.9 2.0 51.4 67.6 26.5
Secondary . . . . . . . . . . . 1,274 265 77 3.4 67.5 18.1 54.2 68.7 24.1
K to 12/other . . . . . . . . . 6,399 1,363 338 4.0 47.1 9.5 47.4 64.2 20.8
1 2
Includes estimates for schools not reporting number of computers. Distance learning programs as determined by
respondents. 3 For student instruction. 4 Statistics based on responses to those indicating type of Internet connection. High
speed includes Internet connection types: T1, T3, and cable modem.
Source: Market Data Retrieval, Shelton, CT, unpublished data (copyright).
Table 253. Computer and Internet Use by Children and Adolescents: 2003
[For persons 5 to 17 years old (53,561 represents 53,561,000). As of September. Based on the Current Population Survey; see
source and Appendix III for details]
Education 163
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 254. Private Schools: 2005−2006
[(5,058 represents 5,058,000.) Based on the Private School Survey, conducted every 2 years; see source for details. For com-
position of regions, see map, inside front cover]
1
Schools Students (1,000) Teachers (1,000)
Characteristic Num- Ele- Sec- Com- Ele- Sec- Com- Ele- Sec- Com-
ber mentary ondary bined Total mentary ondary bined Total mentary ondary bined
Total . . . . . . . 28,996 16,812 2,927 9,257 5,058 2,551 859 1,647 435 195 71 170
School type:
Catholic . . . . . . . . 7,634 6,251 1,079 305 2,246 1,549 598 100 149 97 43 10
Parochial . . . . . . 3,669 3,467 149 54 982 895 66 22 61 55 5 2
Diocesan . . . . . . 2,972 2,386 505 81 896 589 285 22 58 37 19 2
Private . . . . . . . 993 398 425 170 368 65 247 56 30 6 18 6
Other religious . . . . 14,445 7,269 838 6,338 1,885 707 136 1,041 175 63 14 98
Conservative
Christian . . . . . 5,704 2,054 208 3,441 824 221 34 569 72 19 3 50
Affiliated . . . . . . 3,655 2,249 318 1,089 585 276 58 251 58 26 7 25
Unaffiliated. . . . . 5,086 2,966 312 1,808 476 210 43 222 45 19 4 23
Nonsectarian . . . . . 6,916 3,292 1,010 2,615 927 295 126 505 111 35 14 62
Regular . . . . . . . 2,770 1,443 387 939 604 174 86 344 67 19 9 39
Special
emphasis . . ... 2,626 1,643 384 599 218 110 28 80 26 14 4 9
Special
education . . ... 1,521 206 239 1,077 104 10 12 82 18 2 2 14
Program emphasis:
Regular elem/sec . . 23,368 14,298 2,142 6,928 4,570 2,373 789 1,408 374 173 62 138
Montessori . . . . . . 1,477 1,268 (B) 203 90 73 (B) 16 11 9 (B) 1
Special program
emphasis . . . . . . 1,231 598 193 440 206 73 38 95 22 8 4 10
Special education . . 1,742 247 255 1,240 116 12 13 91 20 2 2 16
Vocational/tech . . . (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)
Alternative. . . . . . . 1,002 267 315 420 66 14 17 36 8 2 2 4
Early childhood . . . 158 134 (X) (B) 7 6 (X) (B) 1 1 (X) (B)
Size:
Less than 50 . . . . . 9,520 5,189 793 3,538 236 133 19 85 36 18 4 14
50 to 149 . . . . . . . 8,277 5,065 609 2,602 763 478 55 230 85 48 7 30
150 to 299 . . . . . . 6,202 4,262 476 1,464 1,322 905 104 312 106 64 10 31
300 to 499 . . . . . . 2,843 1,678 402 763 1,090 642 155 293 84 43 14 27
500 to 749 . . . . . . 1,342 527 330 484 805 308 199 298 59 18 14 27
750 or more . . . . . 812 90 315 406 842 86 328 429 66 5 21 40
Region:
Northeast . . . . . . . 6,548 3,870 934 1,744 1,203 623 279 301 113 48 26 38
Midwest . . . . . . . . 7,200 4,893 627 1,679 1,233 770 225 238 94 54 17 23
South . . . . . . . . . . 9,224 4,494 651 4,079 1,626 632 174 820 149 54 15 81
West . . . . . . . . . . 6,024 3,554 715 1,755 995 526 181 288 79 38 14 27
1
B Does not meet standard of reliability or precision. X Not applicable. Full-time equivalents.
Source: U.S. National Center for Education Statistics, Characteristics of Private Schools in the United States: Results from the
2005−2006 Private School Universe Survey, NCES 2008-315, March 2008. See Internet site <http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/pss/>.
164 Education
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 256. Percentage of Students Participating in After-School Activities, by
School Activity and Student Characteristics: 2005
[Estimates include all students in kindergarten through eighth grade, not older than 15 years, not homeschooled, participating in
weekly after-school activity. Students could participate in multiple activities and are not limited to students who have activities for
supervision, therefore percentages may sum to more than 100. Includes participation in school-based or center-based after-school
programs and participation in after-school activities that were not part of school- or center-based programs]
After-school activities
Reli- Volun- Aca- Clubs
gious Arts teer demic (e.g.,
Characteristic Number activities (e.g., work or activities year-
of or music, com- (e.g., book,
students instruc- dance, munity tutoring, debate
(1,000) Sports tion painting) Scouts service math lab) club)
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14,282 73 46 42 22 19 16 13
GRADE
K to 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3,932 72 41 42 26 7 8 5
3 to 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5,125 73 45 43 29 16 17 12
6 to 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5,225 74 51 42 13 32 21 20
SEX
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7,150 81 44 30 21 17 17 11
Female. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7,131 65 48 55 23 21 15 15
RACE/ETHNICITY
White, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,927 75 47 44 25 20 14 14
Black, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,549 59 53 33 14 19 29 9
Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,627 77 40 36 14 15 16 10
Asian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic . . . 334 67 29 53 15 16 29 20
Other race, non-Hispanic 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 844 66 45 53 25 21 15 12
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
$25,000 or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,819 63 49 35 16 16 19 10
$25,001 to $50,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,794 62 49 37 21 21 18 13
$50,001 to $75,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,450 74 47 41 26 17 15 12
$75,001 to $100,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,327 77 45 45 26 21 16 15
$100,001 or more. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,892 82 43 49 21 19 14 14
1
‘‘Other race, non-Hispanic’’ includes children who were multiracial and not of Hispanic ethnicity, or who were American Indian
or Alaska Native, or were not Hispanic, White, Black, Asian, or Pacific Islander.
Source: U.S. National Center for Education Statistics, After-School Programs and Activities Survey of the 2006 National
Household Education Surveys Program (ASPA-NHES: 2005); <http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2006/afterschool/tables/table_13.asp?referrer
=report>.
Table 257. Percentage of Students Participating in Weekly Nonparental After-
School Care Arrangements, by Activities, Arrangement Type, and
Student Characteristics: 2005
[Estimates include all students in kindergarten through eighth grade, not older than 15 years, not homeschooled participating in
weekly after-school activity. Students could participate in multiple activities and are not limited to students who have activities for
supervision, therefore percentages may sum to more than 100]
After-school activities
Home- Tele-
work, Arts vision,
Characteristic educa- (perform videos,
Number tional or study video
of activities, music, Outdoor games,
students reading, Com- crafts, Chores, play, Indoor listen to
(1,000) writing puters drama) work sports play music
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 16,005 77 18 24 9 43 30 42
ARRANGEMENT TYPE
Relative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,274 81 14 12 9 37 26 61
Nonrelative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,962 71 2 16 5 52 42 37
School- or center-based . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,065 70 17 38 2 46 32 11
Self-care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,267 76 20 10 19 26 13 22
GRADE
K to 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 4,839 68 14 32 4 49 43 39
3 to 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 5,364 83 18 25 7 48 33 37
6 to 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 5,802 80 21 18 14 35 17 50
SEX
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 8,599 75 17 19 8 50 31 45
Female. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 7,406 80 18 31 10 36 29 39
RACE/ETHNICITY
White, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,130 73 17 25 8 46 32 42
Black, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,324 86 21 20 10 40 28 42
Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,060 81 16 25 8 43 31 43
Asian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic . . . . 404 80 24 35 4 40 21 30
Other race, non-Hispanic1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,087 76 14 31 9 40 30 45
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
$25,000 or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,246 79 20 21 9 41 29 47
$25,001 to $50,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,100 77 17 25 11 44 30 46
$50,001 to $75,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,246 76 17 23 8 44 32 38
$75,001 to $100,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,023 77 17 27 7 41 31 39
$100,001 or more. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,389 76 17 28 6 47 31 35
1
Other race, non-Hispanic includes children who were multiracial and not of Hispanic ethnicity, or who were American Indian
or Alaska Native, or were not Hispanic, White, Black, Asian, or Pacific Islander.
Source: U.S. National Center for Education Statistics, After-School Programs and Activities Survey of the 2006 National
Household Education Surveys Program (ASPA-NHES: 2005); <http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2006/afterschool/tables/table_9.asp?referrer
=report>.
Education 165
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 258. SAT Scores and Characteristics of College-Bound Seniors:
1970 to 2007
[For school year ending in year shown. Data are for the SAT I: Reasoning Tests. SAT I: Reasoning Test replaced the SAT in March
1994. Scores between the two tests have been equated to the same 200-800 scale and are thus comparable. Scores for 1995 and
prior years have been recentered and revised]
Total 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . . (NA) 996 922 977 1,026 1,068 1,260 1,476 1,466 1,495
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent . . . (NA) 49.9 48.2 48.3 47.8 46.4 46.2 46.5 46.4 46.4
White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent . . . (NA) 86.0 82.1 81.0 73.0 69.2 66.4 62.3 62.1 60.8
Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent . . . (NA) 7.9 9.1 7.5 10.0 10.7 11.2 11.6 11.3 11.7
Obtaining scores 1 of—
600 or above:
Critical reading . . . . . . . . . . Percent . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 20.3 21.9 21.1 22.5 21.4 21.2
Math . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 20.4 23.4 24.2 26.5 25.8 24.5
Writing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) 18.9 18.4
Below 400:
Critical reading . . . . . . . . . . Percent . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 17.3 16.4 15.9 15.5 16.6 16.5
Math . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 15.8 16.0 14.7 13.8 14.3 14.8
Writing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) 17.8 18.4
NA Not available. X Not applicable. 1 Minimum score 200; maximum score, 800. 2 1967 and 1970 are estimates based
on total number of persons taking SAT. For 2007, based on 1,494,531 test takers. 3 996 represents 996,000.
Source: The College Board, New York, NY, College Bound Seniors. Copyright 1970 to 2008. Reproduced with permission. All
rights reserved. See Internet site <http://www.collegeboard.com/>.
166 Education
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 260. Proficiency Levels on Selected NAEP Tests for Students in Public
Schools, by State: 2007
[Represents percent of public school students scoring at or above basic and proficient levels. Basic denotes mastery of the knowl-
edge and skills that are fundamental for proficient work at a given grade level. Proficient represents solid academic performance.
Students reaching this level demonstrated competency over challenging subject matter. For more detail see <http://www.nagb.org
/pubs/pubs.html>. Based on the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) tests which are administered to a represen-
tative sample of students in public schools, private schools, and Department of Defense schools. Data shown here are for public
school students only]
U.S. average . . . . . . . 81 39 70 31 66 32 73 29
Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 26 55 18 62 29 62 21
Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 38 73 32 62 29 71 27
Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 31 66 26 56 24 65 24
Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . 81 37 65 24 64 29 70 25
California . . . . . . . . . . . 70 30 59 24 53 23 62 21
Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . 82 41 75 37 70 36 79 35
Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . 84 45 73 35 73 41 77 37
Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . 87 40 74 31 73 34 77 31
District of Columbia . . . . 49 14 34 8 39 14 48 12
Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 40 68 27 70 34 71 28
Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 32 64 25 66 28 70 26
Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 33 59 21 59 26 62 20
Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 40 75 34 70 35 78 32
Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 36 70 31 65 32 75 30
Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 46 76 35 68 33 76 31
Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 43 77 35 74 36 80 36
Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 51 81 40 72 36 81 35
Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . 79 31 69 27 68 33 73 28
Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . 73 24 64 19 52 20 64 19
Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 42 78 34 73 36 83 37
Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . 80 40 74 37 69 36 76 33
Massachusetts. . . . . . . . 93 58 85 51 81 49 84 43
Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . 80 37 66 29 66 32 72 28
Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . 87 51 81 43 73 37 80 37
Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . 70 21 54 14 51 19 60 17
Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 38 72 30 67 32 75 31
Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 44 79 38 75 39 85 39
Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . 80 38 74 35 71 35 79 35
Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 30 60 23 57 24 63 22
New Hampshire . . . . . . . 91 52 78 38 76 41 82 37
New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . 90 52 77 40 77 43 81 39
New Mexico . . . . . . . . . 70 24 57 17 58 24 62 17
New York . . . . . . . . . . . 85 43 70 30 69 36 75 32
North Carolina . . . . . . . . 85 41 73 34 64 29 71 28
North Dakota . . . . . . . . . 91 46 86 41 75 35 84 32
Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 46 76 35 73 36 79 36
Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . 82 33 66 21 65 27 72 26
Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 35 73 35 62 28 77 34
Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . 85 47 77 38 73 40 79 36
Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . 80 34 65 28 65 31 69 27
South Carolina. . . . . . . . 80 36 71 32 59 26 69 25
South Dakota . . . . . . . . 86 41 81 39 71 34 83 37
Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . 76 29 64 23 61 27 71 26
Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 40 78 35 66 30 73 28
Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 39 72 32 69 34 75 30
Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 49 81 41 74 41 84 42
Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 42 77 37 74 38 79 34
Washington . . . . . . . . . . 84 44 75 36 70 36 77 34
West Virginia . . . . . . . . . 81 33 61 19 63 28 68 23
Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . 85 47 76 37 70 36 76 33
Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . 88 44 80 36 73 36 80 33
Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress
(NAEP), 2007 Mathematics and Reading Assessments. See Internet site <http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/> (accessed 15
March 2008).
Education 167
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 261. Public High School Graduates by State: 1980 to 2006
[In thousands (2,747.7 represents 2,747,700). For school year ending in year shown]
Table 262. High School Dropouts by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1975 to 2006
[In percent. As of October]
1
Item 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
2
EVENT DROPOUTS
Total 3 . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 6.0 5.2 4.5 5.4 4.5 4.7 3.3 3.8 4.4 3.6 3.5
White 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 5.6 4.8 3.9 5.1 4.3 4.6 3.0 3.7 4.2 3.1 3.5
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 6.4 4.9 4.1 5.4 4.7 5.3 3.0 3.9 4.9 3.4 3.9
Female . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 4.9 4.7 3.8 4.8 4.0 3.8 3.0 3.4 3.5 2.7 3.1
Black 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 8.3 7.7 7.7 6.1 5.6 5.7 4.4 4.5 5.2 6.9 3.7
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 8.0 8.3 6.9 7.9 7.6 6.1 5.1 4.1 4.8 7.5 3.2
Female . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 8.5 7.2 8.6 4.4 3.8 5.4 3.8 4.9 5.7 6.2 4.3
Hispanic 5 . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9 11.5 9.7 7.7 11.6 6.8 8.1 5.3 6.5 8.0 4.7 6.4
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1 16.9 9.3 7.6 10.9 7.1 7.6 6.2 7.7 11.5 5.6 6.3
Female . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6 6.9 9.8 7.7 12.5 6.5 8.7 4.4 5.4 4.6 3.9 6.6
6
STATUS DROPOUTS
3
Total . . . . . . . . . . 15.6 15.6 13.9 14.4 13.9 12.4 13.0 12.3 11.8 12.1 11.3 11.0
White 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9 14.4 13.5 14.1 13.6 12.2 13.4 12.2 11.6 11.9 11.3 10.8
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.5 15.7 14.7 15.4 14.3 13.5 15.3 13.7 13.3 13.7 13.2 12.4
Female . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2 13.2 12.3 12.8 13.0 10.9 11.4 10.6 9.8 10.0 9.4 9.2
Black 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.3 23.5 17.6 16.4 14.4 15.3 13.8 14.6 14.2 15.1 12.9 13.0
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.8 26.0 18.8 18.6 14.2 17.4 16.9 16.9 16.7 17.9 14.8 11.2
Female . . . . . . . . . . . 26.9 21.5 16.6 14.5 14.6 13.5 11.0 12.5 12.0 12.7 11.2 14.7
Hispanic 5 . . . . . . . . . . . 34.9 40.3 31.5 37.7 34.7 32.3 31.7 30.1 28.4 28.0 27.3 26.2
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.6 42.6 35.8 40.3 34.2 36.8 37.1 33.8 31.7 33.5 32.1 31.0
Female . . . . . . . . . . . 36.8 38.1 27.0 35.0 35.4 27.3 25.5 25.6 24.7 21.7 21.8 21.0
1
Beginning 1990, reflects new editing procedures for cases with missing data on school enrollment. 2 Percent of students
3
who drop out in a single year without completing high school. For grades 10 to 12. Includes other races not shown
separately. 4 Beginning 2003, for persons who selected this race group only. See footnote 2, Table 221. 5 Persons of Hispanic
origin may be of any race. 6 Percent of the population who have not completed high school and are not enrolled, regardless of
when they dropped out. For persons 18 to 24 years old.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, PPL-148; and earlier PPL and P-20 reports; and data published on
the Internet. See Internet site <http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/school.html>.
168 Education
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 263. High School Dropouts by Age, Race, and Hispanic Origin:
1980 to 2006
[As of October (5,212 represents 5,212,000). For persons 14 to 24 years old. See Table 265 for definition of dropouts]
Table 264. Enrollment Status by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex: 1975 and 2006
[As of October (15,693 represents 15,693,000). For persons 18 to 21 years old. For the civilian noninstitutional population. Based
on the Current Population Survey; see text, Section 1, and Appendix III]
Percent distribution
Total persons High school graduates
Characteristic 18 to 21 years old Enrolled in Not high school
(1,000) high school Total In college graduates
1975 2006 1975 2006 1975 2006 1975 2006 1975 2006
Total 1 . . . . . . . 15,693 16,176 5.7 10.5 78.0 78.9 33.5 45.9 16.3 10.5
White 2 . . . . . . . . . . 13,448 12,629 4.7 9.4 80.6 80.1 34.6 47.0 14.7 10.3
Black 2 . . . . . . . . . . 1,997 2,442 12.5 15.6 60.4 72.1 24.9 36.0 27.0 11.9
Hispanic 3 . . . . . . . . 899 2,810 12.0 12.4 57.2 64.7 24.4 29.5 30.8 22.8
Male 1 . . . . . . . 7,584 8,149 7.4 12.2 76.6 75.5 35.4 41.5 15.9 12.1
White 2 . . . . . . . . . . 6,545 6,372 6.2 10.7 79.7 76.9 36.9 42.5 14.1 12.4
Black 2 . . . . . . . . . . 911 1,188 15.9 20.8 55.0 67.1 23.9 29.9 29.0 11.7
Hispanic 3 . . . . . . . . 416 1,425 17.3 12.5 54.6 59.2 25.2 25.2 27.9 28.2
Female 1 . . . . . 8,109 8,027 4.2 8.7 79.2 82.3 31.8 50.3 16.6 8.8
White 2 . . . . . . . . . . 6,903 6,257 3.2 8.0 81.4 83.5 32.4 51.6 15.3 8.3
Black 2 . . . . . . . . . . 1,085 1,254 9.7 10.8 65.0 76.9 25.8 41.9 25.4 12.1
Hispanic 3 . . . . . . . . 484 1,384 7.6 12.3 59.3 70.3 23.6 34.0 33.1 17.2
1
Includes other races not shown separately. 2 For 2006, for persons who selected this race group only. See footnote 2,
Table 221. 3 Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, PPL-148; and earlier PPL and P-20 reports; and data published on
the Internet. See Internet site <http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/school.html>.
Table 265. Employment Status of High School Graduates and School Dropouts:
1980 to 2007
[In thousands (11,622 represents 11,622,000), except percent. As of October. For civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24
years old. Based on Current Population Survey; see text, Section 1, and Appendix III]
1 3
Employment status, Graduates Dropouts
sex, and race 1980 1990 2000 2
2007 2
1980 1990 2000 2
2007 2
Civilian population . . . . . . . . . . . 11,622 8,370 7,351 7,413 5,254 3,800 3,776 3,278
In labor force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,795 7,107 6,195 5,915 3,549 2,506 2,612 2,185
Percent of population . . . . . . . . . 84.3 84.9 84.3 79.8 67.5 66.0 69.2 66.7
Employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,567 6,279 5,632 5,146 2,651 1,993 2,150 1,819
Percent of labor force . . . . . . . . . 87.5 88.3 90.9 87.0 74.7 79.5 82.3 83.2
Unemployed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,228 828 563 769 898 513 463 367
Unemployment rate, total 4 . . . . . . . 12.5 11.7 9.1 13.0 25.3 20.5 17.7 16.8
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.5 11.1 9.3 13.4 23.5 18.8 16.3 15.7
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 12.3 8.8 12.4 28.7 23.5 20.3 19.0
White 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8 9.0 7.2 (NA) 21.6 17.0 15.0 (NA)
Black 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.1 26.0 18.1 (NA) 43.9 43.3 33.2 (NA)
Not in labor force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,827 1,262 1,156 1,498 1,705 1,294 1,163 1,092
Percent of population . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.7 15.1 15.7 20.2 32.5 34.1 30.8 33.3
NA Not available. 1 For persons not enrolled in college who have completed 4 years of high school only. 2 Data not strictly
comparable with data for earlier years. See text, this section, and February 2000 and 2007 issues of Employment and Earnings.
3
For persons not in regular school and who have not completed the 12th grade nor received a general equivalency degree.
4
Includes other races not shown separately. 5 For 2007, for persons who selected this race group only. See footnote 2, Table
221.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics; News, USDL 08-0559, 25 April 2008; and unpublished data. See Internet site
<http://www.bls.gov/news.release/hsgec.toc.htm>.
Education 169
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 266. General Educational Development (GED) Credentials Issued:
1975 to 2005
[GEDs issued in thousands (340 represents 340,000). For the 50 states and DC]
Table 267. College Enrollment of Recent High School Completers: 1970 to 2006
[2,758 represents 2,758,000. For persons 16 to 24 years old who graduated from high school in the preceding 12 months. Includes
persons receiving GEDs. Based on surveys and subject to sampling error; data will not agree with data in other tables]
5
Number of high school completers (1,000) Percent enrolled in college
Year His- His-
1 2
Total Male Female White Black 2, 3 panic 3, 4 Total 1
Male Female White 2
Black 2, 3 panic 3, 4
1970 . . . 2,758 1,343 1,415 2,461 (NA) (NA) 51.7 55.2 48.5 52.0 (NA) (NA)
1975 . . . 3,185 1,513 1,672 2,701 302 132 50.7 52.6 49.0 51.1 41.7 58.0
1980 . . . 3,088 1,498 1,589 2,554 350 130 49.3 46.7 51.8 49.8 42.7 52.3
1985 . . . 2,668 1,287 1,381 2,104 332 141 57.7 58.6 56.8 60.1 42.2 51.0
1990 . . . 2,362 1,173 1,189 1,819 331 121 60.1 58.0 62.2 63.0 46.8 42.7
1993 . . . 2,342 1,120 1,223 1,719 304 201 62.6 59.9 65.2 62.9 55.6 62.2
1994 . . . 2,517 1,244 1,273 1,915 316 178 61.9 60.6 63.2 64.5 50.8 49.1
1995 . . . 2,599 1,238 1,361 1,861 349 288 61.9 62.6 61.3 64.3 51.2 53.7
1996 . . . 2,660 1,297 1,363 1,875 406 227 65.0 60.1 69.7 67.4 56.0 50.8
1997 . . . 2,769 1,354 1,415 1,909 384 336 67.0 63.6 70.3 68.2 58.5 65.6
1998 . . . 2,810 1,452 1,358 1,980 386 314 65.6 62.4 69.1 68.5 61.9 47.4
1999 . . . 2,897 1,474 1,423 1,978 436 329 62.9 61.4 64.4 66.3 58.9 42.3
2000 . . . 2,756 1,251 1,505 1,938 393 300 63.3 59.9 66.2 65.7 54.9 52.9
2001 . . . 2,549 1,277 1,273 1,834 381 241 61.8 60.1 63.5 64.3 55.0 51.7
2002 . . . 2,796 1,412 1,384 1,903 382 344 65.2 62.1 68.4 69.1 59.4 53.6
2003 . . . 2,677 1,306 1,372 1,832 327 314 63.9 61.2 66.5 66.2 57.5 58.6
2004 . . . 2,752 1,327 1,425 1,854 398 286 66.7 61.4 71.5 68.8 62.5 61.8
2005 . . . 2,675 1,262 1,414 1,799 345 390 68.6 66.5 70.4 73.2 55.7 54.0
2006 . . . 2,692 1,328 1,363 1,805 318 382 66.0 65.8 66.1 68.5 55.5 57.9
NA Not available. 1 Includes other races not shown separately. 2 Beginning 2003, for persons of this race group only. See
footnote 2, Table 221. 3 Due to small sample size, data are subject to relatively large sampling errors. 4 Persons of Hispanic
origin may be of any race. 5 As of October.
Source: U.S. National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics, annual.
Table 268. College Enrollment by Sex and Attendance Status: 1983 to 2006
[As of fall. In thousands (12,465 represents 12,465,000)]
1
1983 1988 1993 1998 2006 1, proj.
Sex and age Part- Part- Part- Part- Part-
Total time Total time Total time Total time Total time
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,465 5,204 13,055 5,619 14,305 6,177 14,507 5,944 17,672 6,689
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,024 2,264 6,002 2,340 6,427 2,537 6,369 2,436 7,470 2,634
14 to 17 years old . . . . . 102 16 55 5 83 10 45 5 80 38
18 to 19 years old . . . . . 1,256 158 1,290 132 1,224 138 1,535 296 1,626 239
20 to 21 years old . . . . . 1,241 205 1,243 216 1,294 209 1,374 245 1,792 319
22 to 24 years old . . . . . 1,158 382 1,106 378 1,260 392 1,127 350 1,330 396
25 to 29 years old . . . . . 1,115 624 875 485 950 564 908 485 989 544
30 to 34 years old . . . . . 570 384 617 456 661 484 463 322 530 298
35 years old and over . . . 583 494 816 668 955 739 917 733 1,122 802
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,441 2,940 7,053 3,278 7,877 3,640 8,138 3,508 10,202 4,056
14 to 17 years old . . . . . 142 16 115 17 93 6 74 21 91 27
18 to 19 years old . . . . . 1,496 179 1,536 195 1,416 172 1,847 292 2,084 344
20 to 21 years old . . . . . 1,125 204 1,278 218 1,414 279 1,437 295 2,064 437
22 to 24 years old . . . . . 884 378 932 403 1,263 493 1,250 463 1,730 566
25 to 29 years old . . . . . 947 658 932 633 1,058 689 1,083 617 1,463 729
30 to 34 years old . . . . . 721 553 698 499 811 575 732 506 801 489
35 years old and over . . . 1,126 953 1,563 1,313 1,824 1,427 1,715 1,315 1,970 1,462
1
Data beginning in 1998 reflect the new classification of institutions. See footnote 1, Table 269.
Source: U.S. National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics, annual.
170 Education
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 269. Higher Education—Institutions and Enrollment 1980 to 2005
[As of fall (686 represents 686,000). Covers universities, colleges, professional schools, junior and teachers’ colleges, both pub-
licly and privately controlled, regular session. Includes estimates for institutions not reporting. See also Appendix III]
Item Unit 1980 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
ALL INSTITUTIONS
Number of institutions 1 . . . . . Number . . . 3,231 3,559 4,182 4,197 4,168 4,236 4,216 4,276
4-year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Number . . . 1,957 2,141 2,450 2,487 2,466 2,530 2,533 2,582
2-year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Number . . . 1,274 1,418 1,732 1,710 1,702 1,706 1,683 1,694
Instructional staff—
(lecturer or above) 2 . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 686 817 (NA) 1,113 (NA) 1,175 (NA) 1,290
Percent full-time . . . . . . . . . . Percent . . . 66 61 (NA) 56 (NA) 54 (NA) 52
Total enrollment 3, 4. . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 12,097 13,819 15,312 15,928 16,612 16,900 17,272 17,487
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 5,874 6,284 6,722 6,961 7,202 7,256 7,387 7,456
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 6,223 7,535 8,591 8,967 9,410 9,645 9,885 10,032
4-year institutions . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 7,571 8,579 9,364 9,677 10,082 10,408 10,726 10,999
2-year institutions . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 4,526 5,240 5,948 6,251 6,529 6,493 6,546 6,488
Full-time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 7,098 7,821 9,010 9,448 9,946 10,312 10,610 10,797
Part-time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 4,999 5,998 6,303 6,480 6,665 6,589 6,662 6,690
Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 9,457 10,845 11,753 12,233 12,752 12,857 12,980 13,022
Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 2,640 2,974 3,560 3,695 3,860 4,043 4,292 4,466
Not-for-profit . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 2,528 2,760 3,109 3,167 3,265 3,341 3,412 3,455
For profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 112 213 450 528 594 703 880 1,011
Undergraduate 4 . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 10,475 11,959 13,155 13,716 14,257 14,474 14,781 14,964
Men . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 5,000 5,380 5,778 6,004 6,192 6,224 6,340 6,409
Women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 5,475 6,579 7,377 7,711 8,065 8,250 8,441 8,555
First-time freshmen . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 2,588 2,257 2,428 2,497 2,571 2,605 2,630 2,657
First professional . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 278 273 307 309 319 329 335 337
Men . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 199 167 164 161 163 166 168 170
Women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 78 107 143 148 156 163 166 167
Graduate 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 1,343 1,586 1,850 1,904 2,036 2,098 2,157 2,186
Men . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 675 737 780 796 847 865 879 877
Women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 670 849 1,071 1,108 1,189 1,233 1,278 1,309
2-YEAR INSTITUTIONS
Number of institutions 1, 5 . . . . Number . . . 1,274 1,418 1,732 1,710 1,702 1,706 1,683 1,694
Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Number . . . 945 972 1,076 1,085 1,081 1,086 1,061 1,053
Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Number . . . 329 446 656 625 621 620 622 641
Instructional staff—
2
(lecturer or above) . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 192 (NA) (NA) 349 (NA) 359 (NA) 373
3, 4
Enrollment . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 4,526 5,240 5,948 6,251 6,529 6,494 6,546 6,488
Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 4,329 4,996 5,697 5,997 6,270 6,209 6,244 6,184
Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 198 244 251 254 259 285 302 304
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 2,047 2,233 2,559 2,675 2,753 2,690 2,698 2,680
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 2,479 3,007 3,390 3,575 3,776 3,804 3,848 3,808
4-YEAR INSTITUTIONS
Number of institutions 1, 5 . . . . Number . . . 1,957 2,141 2,450 2,487 2,466 2,530 2,533 2,582
Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Number . . . 552 595 622 628 631 634 639 640
Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Number . . . 1,405 1,546 1,828 1,835 1,896 1,894 1,942 1,986
Instructional staff—
2
(lecturer or above) . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 494 (NA) (NA) 764 (NA) 814 (NA) 917
3, 4
Enrollment . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 7,571 8,579 9,364 9,677 10,082 10,417 10,726 10,999
Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 5,129 5,848 6,055 6,236 6,482 6,649 6,737 6,838
Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 2,442 2,730 3,308 3,441 3,601 3,768 3,990 4,162
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 3,827 4,051 4,163 4,286 4,449 4,570 4,690 4,776
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 3,743 4,527 5,201 5,392 5,634 5,847 6,037 6,224
NA Not available. 1 Number of institutions includes count of branch campuses. Due to revised survey procedures, data
beginning 1990 are not comparable with previous years. Beginning 1996 (2000 for this table), data reflect a new classification of
institutions; this classification includes some additional, primarily 2-year, colleges and excludes a few institutions that did not award
degrees. Includes institutions that were eligible to participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. 2 Due to revised survey
methods, data beginning 1990 not comparable with previous years. 3 Branch campuses counted according to actual status, e.g.,
2-year branch in 2-year category. 4 Includes unclassified students. (Students taking courses for credit, but are not candidates
for degrees.) 5 Includes schools accredited by the National Association of Trade and Technical Schools.
Source: U.S. National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics, annual; and unpublished data.
Education 171
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 270. College Enrollment by Selected Characteristics: 1990 to 2005
[In thousands (13,818.6 represents 13,818,600). As of fall. Nonresident alien students are not distributed among racial/ethnic
groups]
1 1 1 1 1 1
Characteristic 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Total . . . . . . . . . . 13,818.6 15,312.3 15,928.0 16,611.7 16,900.5 17,272.0 17,487.5
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,283.9 6,721.8 6,960.8 7,202.1 7,255.6 7,387.3 7,455.9
Female. . . . . . . . . . . . 7,534.7 8,590.5 8,967.2 9,409.6 9,644.9 9,884.8 10,031.6
Public. . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,844.7 11,752.8 12,233.2 12,752.0 12,857.1 12,980.1 13,021.8
Private . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,973.9 3,559.5 3,694.8 3,859.7 4,043.4 4,291.9 4,465.6
2-year . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,240.1 5,948.4 6,250.6 6,529.4 6,492.9 6,545.9 6,488.1
4-year . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,578.6 9,363.9 9,677.4 10,082.3 10,407.6 10,726.2 10,999.4
Undergraduate. . . . . . . 11,959.2 13,155.4 13,715.6 14,257.1 14,473.9 14,780.6 14,964.0
Graduate . . . . . . . . . . 1,586.2 1,850.3 1,903.7 2,035.7 2,097.5 2,156.9 2,186.5
First professional . . . . . 273.4 306.6 308.6 319.0 329.1 334.5 337.0
White 2 . . . . . . . . . . 10,722.5 10,462.1 10,774.5 11,140.2 11,275.4 11,422.8 11,495.4
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,861.0 4,634.6 4,762.3 4,897.9 4,927.9 4,988.0 5,007.2
Female. . . . . . . . . . . . 5,861.5 5,827.5 6,012.2 6,242.3 6,347.5 6,434.8 6,488.2
Public. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,385.4 7,963.4 8,214.0 8,490.5 8,531.4 8,546.3 8,518.2
Private . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,337.0 2,498.7 2,560.5 2,649.8 2,744.1 2,876.5 2,977.3
2-year . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,954.3 3,804.1 3,955.7 4,086.5 4,076.7 4,063.8 3,998.6
4-year . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,768.1 6,658.0 6,818.8 7,053.8 7,198.7 7,359.0 7,496.9
Undergraduate. . . . . . . 9,272.6 8,983.5 9,278.7 9,564.9 9,662.5 9,771.3 9,828.6
Graduate . . . . . . . . . . 1,228.4 1,258.5 1,275.1 1,348.0 1,378.6 1,413.3 1,428.7
First professional . . . . . 221.5 220.1 220.8 227.4 234.3 238.2 238.1
Black 2 . . . . . . . . . . 1,247.0 1,730.3 1,850.4 1,978.7 2,068.9 2,164.7 2,214.6
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484.7 635.3 672.4 708.6 730.6 758.4 774.1
Female. . . . . . . . . . . . 762.3 1,095.0 1,178.0 1,270.2 1,338.2 1,406.3 1,440.4
Public. . . . . . . . . . . . . 976.4 1,319.2 1,397.1 1,487.2 1,533.5 1,574.6 1,580.4
Private . . . . . . . . . . . . 270.6 411.1 453.3 491.6 535.3 590.1 634.2
2-year . . . . . . . . . . . . 524.3 734.9 795.7 859.1 879.9 905.8 901.1
4-year . . . . . . . . . . . . 722.8 995.4 1,054.7 1,119.7 1,189.0 1,258.9 1,313.4
Undergraduate. . . . . . . 1,147.2 1,548.9 1,657.1 1763.8 1,838.2 1,918.5 1,955.4
Graduate . . . . . . . . . . 83.9 157.9 169.4 189.6 204.9 220.4 233.2
First professional . . . . . 15.9 23.5 23.9 25.3 25.8 25.9 26.0
Hispanic . . . . . . . . . 782.4 1,461.8 1,560.6 1,661.7 1,716.0 1,809.6 1,882.0
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353.9 627.1 664.2 699.0 709.1 745.1 774.6
Female. . . . . . . . . . . . 428.5 834.7 896.4 962.7 1,006.9 1,064.5 1,107.3
Public. . . . . . . . . . . . . 671.4 1,229.3 1,308.8 1,388.7 1,414.6 1,477.4 1,525.6
Private . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.0 232.5 251.8 273.1 301.4 332.2 356.4
2-year . . . . . . . . . . . . 424.2 843.9 904.3 958.9 932.6 972.4 981.5
4-year . . . . . . . . . . . . 358.2 617.9 656.3 702.9 783.4 837.2 900.5
Undergraduate. . . . . . . 724.6 1,351.0 1,444.4 1,533.3 1,579.6 1,666.9 1,733.6
Graduate . . . . . . . . . . 47.2 95.4 100.5 112.3 119.5 125.8 130.7
First professional . . . . . 10.7 15.4 15.6 16.1 16.9 17.0 17.7
American Indian/
Alaska Native . . . . . 102.8 151.2 158.2 165.9 172.7 176.1 176.3
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.1 61.4 63.6 65.7 67.1 68.6 68.4
Female. . . . . . . . . . . . 59.7 89.7 94.5 100.2 105.6 107.5 107.9
Public. . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.4 127.3 133.6 140.0 144.3 144.4 143.0
Private . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4 23.9 24.6 25.9 28.3 31.8 33.3
2-year . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.9 74.7 78.2 81.3 82.2 82.2 80.7
4-year . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.9 76.5 80.0 84.6 90.4 93.9 95.6
Undergraduate. . . . . . . 95.5 138.5 144.8 151.7 157.8 160.3 160.4
Graduate . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 10.3 11.2 11.9 12.5 13.4 13.4
First professional . . . . . 1.1 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5
Asian/
Pacific Islander . . . . 572.4 978.2 1,019.0 1,074.2 1,075.7 1,108.7 1,134.4
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294.9 465.9 480.8 503.9 498.1 511.6 522.0
Female. . . . . . . . . . . . 277.5 512.3 538.3 570.2 577.6 597.1 612.4
Public. . . . . . . . . . . . . 461.0 770.5 806.1 851.6 845.2 866.1 881.9
Private . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.5 207.7 213.0 222.6 230.5 242.6 252.4
2-year . . . . . . . . . . . . 215.2 401.9 417.5 441.0 425.3 430.7 434.4
4-year . . . . . . . . . . . . 357.2 576.3 601.6 633.1 650.4 678.0 700.0
Undergraduate. . . . . . . 500.5 845.5 883.9 927.4 922.7 949.9 971.4
Graduate . . . . . . . . . . 53.2 95.8 97.4 107.1 111.7 115.9 118.4
First professional . . . . . 18.7 36.8 37.7 39.6 41.3 42.9 44.6
Nonresident alien . . . 391.5 528.7 565.3 590.9 591.8 590.2 584.8
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246.3 297.3 317.4 327.0 322.7 315.6 309.5
Female. . . . . . . . . . . . 145.2 231.4 247.8 263.9 269.2 274.6 275.3
Public. . . . . . . . . . . . . 260.0 343.1 373.6 394.1 388.0 371.4 372.8
Private . . . . . . . . . . . . 131.4 185.6 191.6 196.8 203.9 218.8 212.0
2-year . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.1 89.0 99.2 102.6 96.2 90.9 91.8
4-year . . . . . . . . . . . . 324.3 439.7 466.1 488.3 495.6 499.2 493.1
Undergraduate. . . . . . . 218.7 288.0 306.7 316.0 313.0 313.8 314.7
Graduate . . . . . . . . . . 167.3 232.3 250.1 266.6 270.4 268.1 262.1
First professional . . . . . 5.4 8.4 8.4 8.3 8.4 8.2 8.1
1 2
Data beginning 2000 reflect a new classification of institutions; see footnote 1, Table 269. Non-Hispanic.
Source: U.S. National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics, annual.
172 Education
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 271. Degree-Granting Institutions, Number and Enrollment by State:
2005
[17,487 represents 17,487,000. Number of institutions beginning in academic year. Opening fall enrollment of resident and exten-
sion students attending full-time or part-time. Excludes students taking courses for credit by mail, radio, or TV, and students in branches
of U.S. institutions operated in foreign countries. See Appendix III]
Enrollment (1,000)
Num- Minority enrollment Non-
State ber of resi-
institu- Full- His- dent
tions 1 Total Male Female Public Private time White 2
Total 3
Black 2
panic alien
United States . . 4,276 17,487 7,456 10,032 13,022 4,466 10,797 11,495 5,407 2,215 1,882 585
Alabama . . . . . . . 66 256 106 150 228 28 170 166 84 75 4 6
Alaska. . . . . . . . . 8 30 12 18 29 1 13 22 8 1 1 1
Arizona . . . . . . . . 76 546 223 322 321 225 353 347 172 49 86 26
Arkansas . . . . . . . 48 143 58 85 128 15 94 108 33 26 3 3
California . . . . . . . 408 2,400 1,057 1,343 2,008 392 1,222 1,034 1,291 186 632 74
Florida. . . . . . . . . 169 873 359 514 649 224 495 493 348 155 160 31
Georgia . . . . . . . . 132 427 172 255 342 85 282 256 159 131 11 12
Hawaii. . . . . . . . . 23 67 28 39 50 17 40 18 44 2 2 5
Idaho . . . . . . . . . 14 78 35 43 60 17 53 69 7 1 4 2
Illinois . . . . . . . . . 172 833 357 476 555 278 486 543 266 119 96 24
Indiana . . . . . . . . 100 361 162 200 267 94 251 299 49 30 10 13
Iowa . . . . . . . . . . 65 228 98 130 149 79 149 197 24 12 6 7
Kansas . . . . . . . . 62 192 85 107 170 21 113 156 30 11 9 6
Kentucky . . . . . . . 76 245 105 140 202 43 153 213 28 21 3 4
Louisiana . . . . . . . 90 198 79 119 181 17 147 123 68 60 4 6
Maine . . . . . . . . . 30 66 26 39 48 18 41 60 4 1 1 1
Maryland . . . . . . . 58 314 128 187 256 58 169 181 121 87 12 12
Massachusetts . . . 121 443 188 256 188 255 305 321 96 35 27 26
Michigan . . . . . . . 104 627 267 360 506 121 364 478 127 83 18 22
Minnesota . . . . . . 109 362 152 210 241 121 229 300 53 24 8 9
New Hampshire . . 26 70 29 41 41 29 48 63 5 1 2 2
New Jersey . . . . . 59 380 163 217 304 75 228 227 138 54 51 15
New Mexico . . . . . 42 131 53 78 121 10 69 57 72 4 54 3
New York . . . . . . . 308 1,152 482 670 626 526 811 699 384 160 130 69
North Carolina . . . 128 484 194 291 397 88 309 326 147 117 12 12
Education 173
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 272. College Enrollment by Sex, Age, Race, and Hispanic Origin:
1980 to 2006
[In thousands (11,387 represents 11,387,000). As of October for the civilian noninstitutional population, 14 years old and over.
Based on the Current Population Survey; see text, Section 1, and Appendix III]
1
Characteristic 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
2
Total ........... 11,387 12,524 13,621 14,715 15,314 15,873 16,497 16,638 17,383 17,472 17,020
Male 3 . . . . . . . . . .... . . 5,430 5,906 6,192 6,703 6,682 6,875 7,240 7,318 7,575 7,539 7,427
18 to 24 years . . .... . . 3,604 3,749 3,922 4,089 4,342 4,437 4,629 4,697 4,866 4,972 4,874
25 to 34 years . . .... . . 1,325 1,464 1,412 1,561 1,361 1,476 1,460 1,590 1,604 1,486 1,571
35 years old and over . . . 405 561 772 985 918 908 1,071 970 1,033 1,019 982
Female 3 . . . . . . . .... . . 5,957 6,618 7,429 8,013 8,631 8,998 9,258 9,319 9,808 9,933 9,593
18 to 24 years . . .... . . 3,625 3,788 4,042 4,452 5,109 5,192 5,404 5,667 5,742 5,859 5,712
25 to 34 years . . .... . . 1,378 1,599 1,749 1,788 1,846 1,946 1,941 1,904 2,091 2,115 2,087
35 years old and over . . . 802 1,100 1,546 1,684 1,589 1,776 1,797 1,660 1,850 1,838 1,793
White 3, 4 . . . . . . . .... . . 9,925 10,781 11,488 12,021 11,999 12,208 12,781 12,870 13,381 13,467 13,112
18 to 24 years . . .... . . 6,334 6,500 6,635 7,011 7,566 7,548 7,921 8,150 8,354 8,499 8,298
25 to 34 years . . .... . . 2,328 2,604 2,698 2,686 2,339 2,469 2,515 2,545 2,748 2,647 2,725
35 years old and over . . . 1,051 1,448 2,023 2,208 1,978 2,103 2,236 2,075 2,143 2,206 2,090
Male . . . . . . . . .... . . 4,804 5,103 5,235 5,535 5,311 5,383 5,719 5,714 5,944 5,844 5,772
Female . . . . . . .... . . 5,121 5,679 6,253 6,486 6,689 6,826 7,062 7,155 7,438 7,624 7,340
Black 3, 4 . . . . . . . .... . . 1,163 1,263 1,393 1,772 2,164 2,230 2,278 2,144 2,301 2,297 2,304
18 to 24 years . . .... . . 688 734 894 988 1,216 1,206 1,227 1,225 1,238 1,229 1,321
25 to 34 years . . .... . . 289 295 258 426 567 562 542 503 522 520 502
35 years old and over . . . 156 213 207 334 361 429 454 388 502 448 480
Male . . . . . . . . .... . . 476 552 587 710 815 781 802 798 776 864 886
Female . . . . . . .... . . 686 712 807 1,062 1,349 1,449 1,476 1,346 1,525 1,435 1,418
Hispanic origin 3, 5 . .... . . 443 580 748 1,207 1,426 1,700 1,656 1,714 1,975 1,942 1,914
18 to 24 years . . .... . . 315 375 435 745 899 1,035 979 1,115 1,223 1,216 1,182
25 to 34 years . . .... . . 118 189 168 250 309 392 414 380 460 438 461
35 years old and over . . . (NA) (NA) 130 193 195 260 249 207 271 257 271
Male . . . . . . . . .... . . 222 279 364 568 619 731 705 703 852 804 789
Female . . . . . . .... . . 221 299 384 639 807 969 951 1,011 1,123 1,139 1,125
NA Not available. 1 Beginning 1990, based on a revised edit and tabulation package. 2 Includes other races not shown
separately. 3 Includes persons 14 to 17 years old not shown separately. 4 Beginning 2003, for persons who selected this race
group only. See footnote 2, Table 221. 5 Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, PPL-148; and earlier PPL and P-20 reports. See Internet site
<http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/school.html>.
Region of origin 1980 1985 1990 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
All regions . . . 286 342 387 453 458 481 491 515 548 583 586 573 565 565 583
Africa . . . . . . . . . . . 36 40 25 21 22 23 26 30 34 38 40 38 36 36 36
Nigeria . . . . . . . . 16 18 4 2 2 2 3 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 6
Asia 1, 2 . . . . . . . . . 165 200 245 292 291 308 308 315 339 363 367 356 356 346 367
China 3 . . . . . . . . 1 10 33 39 43 47 51 54 60 63 65 62 63 63 68
Taiwan 3 . . . . . . . 18 23 31 36 30 31 31 29 29 29 28 26 26 28 29
Hong Kong . . . . . 10 10 11 13 11 10 9 8 8 8 8 7 7 8 8
India . . . . . . . . . . 9 15 26 34 31 34 37 42 55 67 75 80 80 77 84
Indonesia . . . . . . 2 7 9 12 12 13 12 11 12 12 10 9 8 8 7
Iran . . . . . . . . . . 51 17 7 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3
Japan . . . . . . . . . 12 13 30 45 46 47 46 47 46 47 46 41 42 39 35
Malaysia . . . . . . . 4 22 14 14 15 15 12 9 8 7 7 6 6 6 5
Saudi Arabia . . . . 10 8 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 4 4 3 3 8
South Korea . . . . 5 16 22 34 37 43 39 41 46 49 52 52 53 59 62
Thailand . . . . . . . 7 7 7 11 13 15 12 11 11 12 10 9 9 9 9
Europe 4 . . . . . . . . . 23 33 46 65 68 72 74 78 81 82 78 74 72 85 83
Latin America 1, 5 . . . 42 49 48 47 50 51 55 62 64 68 69 66 68 65 65
Mexico . . . . . . . . 6 6 7 9 9 10 10 11 11 13 13 13 13 14 14
Venezuela . . . . . . 10 10 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 5 6 5 5 5
North America . . . . . 16 16 19 23 24 23 23 24 26 27 27 28 29 29 29
Canada . . . . . . . . 15 15 18 23 23 22 23 24 25 27 27 27 28 28 28
Oceania . . . . . . . . . 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4
1
Includes countries not shown separately. 2 Beginning 2006, excludes Cyprus and Turkey. 3 With the establishment of
diplomatic relations with China on January 1, 1979, the U.S. government recognized the People’s Republic of China as the sole
legal government of China and acknowledged the Chinese position that there is only one China and that Taiwan is part of China.
4
Beginning 2006, includes Cyprus and Turkey. 5 Includes Central America, Caribbean, and South America.
Source: Institute of International Education, New York, NY, Open Doors Report on International Educational Exchange, annual
(copyright).
174 Education
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 274. College Enrollment—Summary by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin:
2006
[In thousands (17,232 represents 17,232,000), except percent. As of October. Covers civilian noninstitutional population 15 years
old and over enrolled in colleges and graduate schools. Based on Current Population Survey, see text, Section 1, and Appendix
III]
Type of school:
2-year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,294 1,788 2,506 3,228 2,602 688 185 689
15 to 19 years old . . . . . 1,367 650 717 1,094 864 201 36 238
20 to 24 years old . . . . . 1,361 610 751 1,026 836 188 73 211
25 years old and over . . 1,567 529 1,039 1,108 902 300 76 241
Percent of students:
Employed full-time. . . . . . . 17.5 17.5 17.6 17.5 17.8 19.1 13.6 16.1
Employed part-time . . . . . . 25.2 22.6 27.5 27.2 28.6 16.8 22.3 20.0
1 2
Includes other races not shown separately. For persons who selected this race group only. See footnote 2, Table 221.
3
Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, unpublished data. See Internet site <http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/school.html>.
Enrollment 1970 1980 1983 1986 1990 1995 1998 2002 2006
1
Registrations (1,000) . . . . . . . 1,111.5 924.8 966.0 1,003.2 1,184.1 1,138.8 1,193.8 1,397.3 1,577.8
By selected language (1,000):
Spanish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389.2 379.4 386.2 411.3 533.9 606.3 656.6 746.3 823.0
French . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359.3 248.4 270.1 275.3 272.5 205.4 199.1 202.0 206.4
German . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202.6 126.9 128.2 121.0 133.3 96.3 89.0 91.1 94.3
Italian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.2 34.8 38.7 40.9 49.7 43.8 49.3 63.9 78.4
American Sign Language . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 1.6 4.3 11.4 60.8 78.8
Japanese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 11.5 16.1 23.5 45.7 44.7 43.1 52.2 66.6
Chinese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 11.4 13.2 16.9 19.5 26.5 28.5 34.2 51.6
Latin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.6 25.0 24.2 25.0 28.2 25.9 26.1 29.8 32.2
Russian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.2 24.0 30.4 34.0 44.6 24.7 23.8 23.9 24.8
Hebrew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.6 19.4 18.2 15.6 13.0 13.1 15.8 22.8 23.8
Ancient Greek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.7 22.1 19.4 17.6 16.4 16.3 16.4 20.4 22.8
Arabic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.5 4.4 5.5 10.6 24.0
Portuguese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 4.9 4.4 5.1 6.2 6.5 6.9 8.4 10.3
Korean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.4 0.7 0.9 2.3 3.3 4.5 5.2 7.1
Index (1965 = 100) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.3 89.3 93.2 96.8 114.3 109.9 115.2 134.9 152.3
1
X Not applicable. Includes other foreign languages not shown separately.
Source: Association of Departments of Foreign Languages, New York, NY, ADFL Bulletin, Vol. 39, No. 2, Winter 2008
(copyright). For 1970 to 2002, consult prior ADFL Bulletins.
Education 175
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 276. College Freshmen—Summary Characteristics: 1970 to 2007
[In percent, except as indicated (12.8 represents $12,800). As of fall for first-time full-time freshmen in 4-year colleges and uni-
versities. Based on sample survey and subject to sampling error; see source]
Characteristic 1970 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007
Sex: Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 52.1 48.8 48.9 46.9 45.6 45.2 45.0 45.1 45.2
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 47.9 51.2 51.1 53.1 54.4 54.8 55.0 54.9 54.8
Applied to three or more colleges . . . . . . . . . . . .. (NA) 31.5 35.4 42.9 44.4 50.5 55.4 56.5 56.5
Average grade in high school:
A− to A+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.6 26.6 28.7 29.4 36.1 42.9 46.6 46.0 45.9
B− to B+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.5 58.2 57.1 57.0 54.2 50.5 48.0 49.4 49.0
C to C+. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.7 14.9 14.0 13.4 9.6 6.5 5.4 4.6 5.0
D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Political orientation:
Liberal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 35.7 21.0 22.4 24.6 22.9 24.8 27.1 28.4 29.3
Middle of the road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 43.4 57.0 53.1 51.7 51.3 51.9 45.0 43.3 43.4
Conservative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17.3 19.0 21.3 20.6 21.8 18.9 22.6 23.9 23.1
Probable field of study:
Arts and humanities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 10.5 10.1 10.5 11.2 12.1 12.8 13.1 12.8
Biological sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 4.5 4.5 4.9 8.3 6.6 7.6 8.3 8.6
Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 21.2 24.6 21.1 15.4 16.7 17.4 17.9 17.7
Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 8.4 6.9 10.3 10.1 11.0 9.9 9.5 9.2
Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 11.2 11.0 9.7 8.1 8.7 8.3 8.0 7.5
Physical science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 3.2 3.2 2.8 3.1 2.6 3.1 3.1 3.2
Social science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 8.2 9.4 11.0 9.9 10.0 10.7 11.2 11.1
Professional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 15.5 13.1 13.0 16.5 11.6 14.6 13.0 14.5
Technical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 3.1 2.4 1.1 1.2 2.1 1.2 1.1 1.0
Data processing/computer programming . . . . . (NA) 1.7 1.7 0.7 0.8 1.5 0.5 0.5 0.6
Other 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 14.0 15.1 15.8 16.0 17.9 14.1 14.2 14.2
Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 2.4 2.8 2.9 1.8 2.7 2.0 2.2 1.8
Computer science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 2.6 2.4 1.7 2.2 3.7 1.1 1.1 1.1
Personal objectives—very important or essential:
Being very well off financially . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 36.2 62.5 69.2 72.3 72.8 73.4 74.5 73.4 74.4
Developing a meaningful philosophy of life . . . .. 79.1 62.5 46.9 45.9 45.4 42.4 45.0 46.3 49.2
Keeping up to date with political affairs . . . . . . .. 57.2 45.2 (NA) 46.6 32.3 28.1 36.4 37.2 37.2
Attitudes—agree or strongly agree:
Capital punishment should be abolished . . . . . .. 59.4 34.8 27.6 23.1 22.0 31.2 33.3 34.5 (NA)
Legalize marijuana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 40.6 37.1 21.4 18.8 33.4 34.2 37.7 37.1 38.2
There is too much concern for the rights of
criminals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 50.7 65.0 (NA) 65.1 73.2 66.5 57.9 55.9 55.9
Abortion should be legalized . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 85.7 53.7 56.4 65.5 59.9 53.9 55.2 56.8 56.9
Median family income ($1,000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 12.8 24.5 37.3 46.6 54.8 64.4 73.2 76.2 78.2
NA Not available. 1 Includes other fields not shown separately.
Source: The Higher Education Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, The American Freshman:
National Norms, annual.
Table 277. Students Reported Disability Status by Selected Characteristic:
2003−2004
[(19,054 represents 19,054,000). Disabled students reported that they had one or more of the following conditions: a specific
learning disability, a visual handicap, hard of hearing, deafness, a speech disability, an orthopedic handicap, or a health
impairment. Based on the 2003−2004 National Postsecondary Student-Aid Study; see source for details. Includes Puerto Rico.
See also Appendix III]
Graduate and
Undergraduate first-professional
Student characteristic
Disabled Nondisabled Disabled Nondisabled
All students students students All students students students
Total students (1,000) . . . . . . . . . 19,054 2,156 16,897 2,826 189 2,637
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Age:
15 to 23 years old . . . . . . . . . ..... 56.8 45.8 58.2 11.2 8.5 11.4
24 to 29 years old . . . . . . . . . ..... 17.3 15.5 17.5 39.6 33.9 40.0
30 years or older . . . . . . . . . . ..... 25.9 38.7 24.3 49.2 57.6 48.6
Sex:
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 42.4 42.1 42.4 41.9 38.0 42.2
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 57.6 57.9 57.6 58.1 62.0 57.8
Race/ethnicity of student:
White, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.1 65.1 62.9 68.3 67.0 68.4
Black, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.0 13.2 14.1 9.6 12.5 9.3
Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 12.3 12.8 7.7 7.9 7.6
Asian/Pacific Islander . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 3.8 6.2 11.0 5.9 11.3
American Indian/Alaska Native. . . . . . 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.6
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 4.4 3.2 2.9 6.3 2.7
Attendance status:
Full-time, full-year . . . . . . . . . ..... 38.6 33.5 39.2 32.7 28.9 32.9
Part-time or part-year . . . . . . . ..... 61.4 66.5 60.8 67.3 71.1 67.1
Student housing status:
On-campus . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 13.8 10.7 14.2 (NA) (NA) (NA)
Off-campus . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 55.2 61.5 54.4 (NA) (NA) (NA)
With parents or relatives . . . . . ..... 31.0 27.7 31.4 (NA) (NA) (NA)
Dependency status:
Dependent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.7 39.4 51.0 (NA) (NA) (NA)
Independent, unmarried . . . . . . . . . . 15.2 19.5 14.7 47.5 48.1 47.5
Independent, married . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 9.1 7.8 18.8 15.7 19.0
Independent with dependents . . . . . . 27.1 32.0 26.5 33.7 36.2 33.6
NA Not available.
Source: U.S. National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics, 2005.
176 Education
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 278. Percent of Undergraduates Receiving Aid and Average Total Price of
Attendance of Undergraduate Education: 2003−2004
[In dollars, except percent. Excludes students attending more than one institution. Types of financial aid are grants, loans, and
work study. Price of attendance includes tuition and fees, books and supplies, room and board, transportation, and personal and
other expenses allowed for federal cost of attendance budgets. Based on the 2003-2004 National Postsecondary Student-Aid Study;
see source for details. Includes Puerto Rico. See also Appendix III]
Contracted services,
Personnel compensation
supplies, and equipment
Item and year Adminis- Service Miscella- Supplies
Index, Faculty trative Clerical employee Fringe neous and
total salaries salaries salaries salaries benefits services materials Utilities
INDEXES
1970 . . . ....... . . . . . . . 39.5 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 24.7 (NA) 37.6 16.3
1980 . . . ....... . . . . . . . 77.5 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 72.6 (NA) 84.6 64.1
1990 . . . ....... . . . . . . . 140.8 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 171.4 (NA) 119.6 90.1
2000 . . . ....... . . . . . . . 196.9 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 254.8 (NA) 145.0 104.9
2001 . . . ....... . . . . . . . 206.5 214.5 229.2 197.7 182.6 261.7 199.8 130.4 140.7
2002 . . . ....... . . . . . . . 215.0 222.7 236.4 205.4 189.6 277.1 205.8 130.6 149.4
2003 . . . ....... . . . . . . . 221.2 229.4 255.7 211.1 193.9 292.3 209.5 129.0 127.0
2004 . . . ....... . . . . . . . 231.5 234.2 263.3 217.1 197.6 312.8 216.4 133.8 174.6
2005 . . . ....... . . . . . . . 239.8 240.7 274.0 223.4 201.4 327.2 222.7 140.2 190.1
2006 . . . ....... . . . . . . . 251.8 248.2 287.7 229.5 205.5 343.7 228.8 151.9 241.8
2007 . . . ....... . . . . . . . 260.3 257.6 299.2 237.7 213.6 360.8 238.3 162.2 223.5
ANNUAL
PERCENT CHANGE 1
1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 7.9 (NA) 5.5 5.6
2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 6.5 (NA) −0.1 4.4
2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 2.8 4.1 2.9 1.9 4.6 2.9 4.8 8.9
2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 3.1 5.0 2.7 2.0 5.0 2.7 8.3 27.2
2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 3.8 4.0 3.6 4.0 5.0 4.2 6.8 −7.6
NA Not available. 1 Percent change from the immediate prior year.
Source: The Commonfund Institute, Wilton, CT, (copyright). See Internet site <http://www.commonfund.org>.
Education 177
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 280. Federal Student Financial Assistance: 1995 to 2008
[For award years July 1 of year shown to the following June 30 (35,477 represents ($35,477,000,000). Funds utilized exclude
operating costs, etc., and represent funds given to students]
2007, 2008,
Type of assistance 1995 2000 2004 2005 2006 est. est.
FUNDS UTILIZED (mil. dol.)
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,477 44,007 69,053 72,634 77,191 82,934 92,484
Federal Pell Grants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,472 7,956 13,149 12,693 12,817 12,954 15,176
Academic Competitiveness Grants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 340 420 830
SMART1 Grants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 310 310 350
Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant . . 764 907 1,065 1,084 1,080 976 959
Federal Work-Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764 939 1,082 1,050 1,042 1,171 1,171
Federal Perkins Loan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,029 1,144 1,651 1,593 1,618 1,105 1,103
Federal Direct Student Loan (FDSL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,296 10,348 12,840 12,930 12,677 13,596 15,050
Federal Family Education Loans (FFEL) . . . . . . . . . . 19,152 22,712 39,266 43,284 47,307 52,402 57,845
NUMBER OF AWARDS (1,000)
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,667 15,043 20,777 21,317 22,304 22,761 23,625
Federal Pell Grants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,612 3,899 5,308 5,167 5,165 5,274 5,478
Academic Competitiveness Grants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 400 497 662
SMART1 Grants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 80 82 93
Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant . . 1,083 1,175 1,408 1,419 1,417 1,277 1,255
Federal Work-Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702 713 762 710 694 792 793
Federal Perkins Loan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 688 639 748 727 725 504 503
Federal Direct Student Loan (FDSL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,339 2,739 3,001 2,971 2,841 2,839 2,935
Federal Family Education Loans (FFEL) . . . . . . . . . . 5,243 5,878 9,550 10,323 10,982 11,496 11,906
AVERAGE AWARD (dol.)
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,596 2,925 3,324 3,407 3,461 3,644 3,915
Federal Pell Grants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,515 2,041 2,477 2,456 2,482 2,456 2,770
Academic Competitiveness Grants/SMART 2 Grants . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 850 845 1,254
SMART1 Grants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 3,875 3,780 3,763
Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant . . 705 772 759 764 762 764 764
Federal Work-Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,088 1,318 1,419 1,478 1,500 1,478 1,478
Federal Perkins Loan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,496 1,790 2,206 2,190 2,231 2,190 2,190
Federal Direct Student Loan (FDSL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,547 3,778 4,279 4,352 4,462 4,789 5,128
Federal Family Education Loans (FFEL) . . . . . . . . . . 3,653 3,864 4,112 4,193 4,308 4,558 4,858
COHORT DEFAULT RATE 2
Federal Perkins Loan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6 9.9 8.1 8.1 7.8 (NA) (NA)
NA Not available. X Not applicable. 1 National Science and Mathematics Access to Retain Talent. 2 As of June 30.
Represents the percent of borrowers entering repayment status in year shown who defaulted in the following year.
Source: U.S. Dept. of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education, unpublished data.
Table 281. State and Local Financial Support for Higher Education by State:
2006−2007
[For 2006−2007 fiscal year, except as indicated (10,237.9 represents 10,237,900). Data for the 50 states]
Appropria- Appropria-
tions for tions for
higher ed. higher ed.
as a percent as a percent
State Educational of state and State Educational of state and
FTE appropria- local tax FTE appropria- local tax
enrollment 1 tions per revenue enrollment 1 tions per revenue
(1,000) FTE 2 (dol.) 2005−2006 3 (1,000) FTE 2 (dol.) 2005−2006 3
178 Education
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 282. Institutions of Higher Education—Charges: 1985 to 2007
[In dollars. Estimated. For the entire academic year ending in year shown. Figures are average charges per full-time equiva-
lent student. Room and board are based on full-time students]
1 2
Tuition and required fees Board rates Dormitory charges
Academic
control All 2-yr. 4-yr. Other All 2-yr. 4-yr. Other All 2-yr. 4-yr. Other
and year institu- col- col- 4-yr. institu- col- col- 4-yr. institu- col- col- 4-yr.
tions leges leges schools tions leges leges schools tions leges leges schools
Public:
1985 . . . . . . . 971 584 1,386 1,117 1,241 1,302 1,276 1,201 1,196 921 1,237 1,200
1990 . . . . . . . 1,356 756 2,035 1,608 1,635 1,581 1,728 1,561 1,513 962 1,561 1,554
1995 . . . . . . . 2,057 1,192 2,977 2,499 1,949 1,712 2,108 1,866 1,959 1,232 1,992 2,044
2000 . . . . . . . 2,506 1,338 3,768 3,091 2,364 1,834 2,628 2,239 2,440 1,549 2,516 2,521
2003 . . . . . . . 2,903 1,483 4,686 3,668 2,669 2,164 2,895 2,580 2,930 1,954 3,023 3,032
2004 . . . . . . . 3,319 1,702 5,363 4,141 2,823 2,233 3,084 2,724 3,107 2,086 3,232 3,198
2005 . . . . . . . 3,629 1,849 5,939 4,512 2,931 2,353 3,222 2,809 3,304 2,174 3,427 3,413
2006 . . . . . . . 3,874 1,935 6,399 4,765 3,035 2,306 3,372 2,899 3,545 2,251 3,654 3,672
2007, prel. . . . 4,101 2,017 6,836 5,043 3,185 2,398 3,494 3,076 3,747 2,394 3,873 3,871
Private:
1985 . . . . . . . 5,315 3,485 6,843 5,135 1,462 1,294 1,647 1,405 1,426 1,424 1,753 1,309
1990 . . . . . . . 8,147 5,196 10,348 7,778 1,948 1,811 2,339 1,823 1,923 1,663 2,411 1,774
1995 . . . . . . . 11,111 6,914 14,537 10,653 2,509 2,023 3,035 2,362 2,587 2,233 3,469 2,347
2000 . . . . . . . 14,081 8,235 19,307 13,361 2,882 2,922 3,157 2,790 3,224 2,808 4,070 2,976
2003 . . . . . . . 16,383 10,651 22,716 15,416 3,206 3,870 3,602 3,071 3,752 3,232 4,724 3,478
2004 . . . . . . . 17,327 11,546 24,128 16,298 3,364 4,432 3,778 3,222 3,945 3,581 4,979 3,647
2005 . . . . . . . 18,154 12,122 25,643 17,050 3,485 3,728 3,855 3,370 4,171 4,243 5,263 3,854
2006 . . . . . . . 18,862 12,450 26,954 17,702 3,647 4,726 4,039 3,517 4,380 3,994 5,517 4,063
2007, prel. . . . 19,991 12,620 28,524 18,826 3,787 3,307 4,175 3,675 4,607 4,240 5,700 4,302
1
For in-state students. 2 Beginning 1990, rates reflect 20 meals per week, rather than meals served 7 days a week.
Source: U.S. National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics, annual.
Item Unit 1990 1995 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Estimated support, total . . . . . Mil. dol. . . 9,800 12,750 23,200 23,900 24,400 25,600 28,000 29,750
Individuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol. . . . 4,770 6,540 12,220 11,150 11,900 12,100 14,100 13,920
Alumni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol. . . . 2,540 3,600 6,800 6,600 6,700 7,100 8,400 8,270
Business corporations . . . . . . Mil. dol. . . . 2,170 2,560 4,150 4,250 4,400 4,400 4,600 4,800
Foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol. . . . 1,920 2,460 5,080 6,600 6,200 7,000 7,100 8,500
Fundraising consortia and
other organizations . . . . . . . Mil. dol. . . . 700 940 1,380 1,540 1,550 1,730 1,825 2,150
Religious organizations . . . . . Mil. dol. . . . 240 250 370 360 350 370 375 380
Current operations . . . . . . . . Mil. dol. . . . 5,440 7,230 11,270 12,900 13,600 14,200 15,000 16,100
Capital purposes. . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol. . . . 4,360 5,520 11,930 11,000 10,800 11,400 13,000 13,650
Support per student. . . . . . . . Dollars . . . 724 893 1,568 1,439 1,444 1,482 1,614 1,684
In 2007 dollars . . . . . . . . . Dollars . . . 1,147 1,213 1,886 1,619 1,583 1,572 1,658 1,684
Expenditures, higher
education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . . 134.66 182.97 236.78 302.76 316.75 341.40 363.50 409.36
Expenditures per student . . . . Dollars . . . 9,946 12,814 16,008 18,225 18,743 19,766 20,951 23,175
In 2007 dollars . . . . . . . . . Dollars . . . 15,760 17,413 19,253 20,514 20,548 20,960 21,523 23,175
Institutions reporting support . . . Number . . . 1,056 1,086 945 954 971 997 1,014 1,023
Total support reported . . . . . . Mil. dol. . . 8,214 10,992 19,419 19,823 19,630 20,953 23,475 25,247
Private 4-year institutions . . . . Mil. dol. . . . 5,072 6,500 11,047 10,318 10,695 11,011 12,857 13,675
Public 4-year institutions. . . . . Mil. dol. . . . 3,056 4,382 8,254 9,400 8,802 9,780 10,421 11,321
2-year colleges . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol. . . . 85 110 117 105 133 163 197 251
Source: Council for Aid to Education, New York, NY, Voluntary Support of Education, annual.
Table 284. Average Salaries for College Faculty Members: 2006 to 2008
[In thousands of dollars (68.4 represents $68,400). For academic year ending in year shown. Figures are for 9 months
teaching for full-time faculty members in 2-year and 4-year institutions with ranks. Fringe benefits averaged in 2006, $18,677 in
public institutions and $22,170 in private institutions; and in 2007, $19,746 in public institutions and $23,040 in private institutions;
and in 2008, $20,178 in public institutions and $24,193 in private institutions]
Education 179
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 285. Employees in Higher Education Institutions by Sex and Occupation:
1991 to 2005
[In thousands (2,545.2 represents 2,545,200). As of fall. Based on complete census taken every other year; see source]
Professional staff
Executive, Research/
1 Nonpro-
Year and status administrative, Faculty instruction Other
and managerial assistants fessional
staff,
Total Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female total
1991, total . ... 2,545.2 1,595.5 85.4 59.3 525.6 300.7 119.1 78.6 165.4 261.3 949.8
Full-time . ... 1,812.9 1,031.8 82.9 56.2 366.2 169.4 − − 142.2 214.8 781.1
Part-time . ... 732.3 563.7 2.5 3.1 159.4 131.2 119.1 78.6 23.2 46.4 168.7
1997, total 2 . . . 2,752.5 1,835.9 81.9 69.4 587.4 402.4 125.9 96.9 187.6 284.4 916.6
Full-time . . . . 1,828.5 1,104.8 78.9 65.6 363.9 204.8 − − 159.3 232.3 723.7
Part-time . . . . 924.0 731.1 3.0 3.8 223.5 197.6 125.9 96.9 28.3 52.1 192.9
2005, total . . . . 3,379.1 2,459.9 95.2 101.1 714.5 576.0 167.5 149.6 262.8 393.2 919.2
Full-time . . . . 2,179.9 1,432.1 92.9 97.2 401.5 274.1 − − 231.4 335.0 747.8
Part-time . . . . 1,199.2 1,027.8 2.4 3.9 312.9 301.9 167.5 149.6 31.4 58.2 171.4
− Represents zero. 1 Instruction and research. 2 In this table, 1997 data reflect the new classification of institutions. See
footnote 1, Table 269.
Source: U.S. National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics, annual.
180 Education
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 288. Earned Degrees Conferred by Level and Sex: 1960 to 2006
[In thousands (477 represents 477,000), except percent. Based on survey; see Appendix III]
Percent
Level of degree and Total
distribution
race/ethnicity 1 1 1 1 1
1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 1990 2000 2006
Associate’s degrees, total . . . . . . 455,102 539,691 564,933 696,660 713,066 100.0 100.0 100.0
White, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . 376,816 420,656 408,772 475,513 485,297 82.8 72.4 68.1
Black, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . 34,326 47,067 60,221 86,402 89,784 7.5 10.7 12.6
Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,504 35,962 51,573 78,557 80,854 4.7 9.1 11.3
Asian or Pacific Islander . . . . . . . 13,066 20,677 27,782 33,669 35,201 2.9 4.9 4.9
American Indian/Alaska Native . . . 3,430 5,482 6,497 8,435 8,552 0.8 1.2 1.2
Nonresident alien . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,960 9,847 10,088 14,084 13,378 1.3 1.8 1.9
Bachelor’s degrees, total . . . . . . . 1,051,344 1,160,134 1,237,875 1,439,264 1,485,242 100.0 100.0 100.0
White, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . 887,151 914,610 929,106 1,049,141 1,075,561 84.4 75.1 72.4
Black, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . 61,046 87,236 108,013 136,122 142,420 5.8 8.7 9.6
Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,829 54,230 75,059 101,124 107,588 3.1 6.1 7.2
Asian or Pacific Islander . . . . . . . 39,230 60,502 77,912 97,209 102,376 3.7 6.3 6.9
American Indian/Alaska Native . . . 4,390 6,610 8,719 10,307 10,940 0.4 0.7 0.7
Nonresident alien . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,698 36,946 39,066 45,361 46,357 2.5 3.2 3.1
Master’s degrees, total . . . . . . . . . 324,301 397,629 457,056 574,618 594,065 100.0 100.0 100.0
White, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . 254,299 293,345 320,485 379,350 393,357 78.4 70.1 66.2
Black, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . 15,336 24,166 35,874 54,482 58,976 4.7 7.8 9.9
Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,892 12,905 19,253 31,485 32,438 2.4 4.2 5.5
Asian or Pacific Islander . . . . . . . 10,439 16,847 23,218 32,783 34,029 3.2 5.1 5.7
American Indian/Alaska Native . . . 1,090 1,621 2,246 3,295 3,504 0.3 0.5 0.6
Nonresident alien . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,245 48,745 55,980 73,223 71,761 10.9 12.2 12.1
Doctor’s degrees, total . . . . . . . . . 38,371 44,446 44,808 52,631 56,067 100.0 100.0 100.0
White, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . 26,221 27,846 27,843 30,261 31,601 68.3 62.1 56.4
Black, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . 1,149 1,667 2,246 3,056 3,122 3.0 5.0 5.6
Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 780 984 1,305 1,824 1,882 2.0 2.9 3.4
Asian or Pacific Islander . . . . . . . 1,225 2,689 2,420 2,911 3,257 3.2 5.4 5.8
American Indian/Alaska Native . . . 98 130 160 237 230 0.3 0.4 0.4
Nonresident alien . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,898 11,130 10,834 14,342 15,975 23.2 24.2 28.5
First-professional degrees, total . . 70,988 75,800 80,057 87,289 87,655 100.0 100.0 100.0
White, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . 60,487 59,402 59,637 63,429 63,590 85.2 74.5 72.5
Black, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . 3,409 4,747 5,555 6,313 6,223 4.8 6.9 7.1
Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,425 3,231 3,865 4,445 4,446 3.4 4.8 5.1
Asian or Pacific Islander . . . . . . . 3,362 6,396 8,584 10,501 10,645 4.7 10.7 12.1
American Indian/Alaska Native . . . 257 413 564 564 710 0.4 0.7 0.8
Nonresident alien . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,048 1,611 1,852 2,037 2,041 1.5 2.3 2.3
1
In this table, data beginning in 2000 reflect the new classification of institutions. See footnote 1, Table 269.
Source: U.S. National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics, annual.
Education 181
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 290. Degrees and Awards Earned Below Bachelor’s by Field: 2006
[Covers associate’s degrees and other awards based on postsecondary curriculums of less than 4 years in institutions of higher
education. Based on survey; see Appendix III]
182 Education
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 292. Master’s and Doctoral Degrees Earned by Field: 1980 to 2006
[The new Classification of Instructional Programs was introduced in 2002−03. Data for previous years has been reclassified where
necessary to conform to the new classifications. Based on survey; see Appendix III]
DOCTORAL DEGREES
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,615 38,371 44,808 48,378 52,631 56,067
Agriculture and natural resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . 991 1,295 1,168 1,185 1,173 1,194
Architecture and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 103 129 173 179 201
Area, ethnic, cultural, and gender studies . . . . . . . . 151 125 205 209 189 226
Biological and biomedical sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,527 3,837 5,180 5,242 5,578 5,775
Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767 1,093 1,194 1,481 1,498 1,711
1
Communication, journalism, and related programs . 193 272 357 426 468 464
Computer and information sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 627 779 909 1,119 1,416
Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,314 6,503 6,409 7,088 7,681 7,584
Engineering and engineering technologies . . . . . . . 2,546 5,030 5,421 5,981 6,601 7471
English language and literature/letters . . . . . . . . . . 1,196 986 1,470 1,207 1,212 1,254
Family and consumer sciences/human sciences . . . 192 273 327 329 331 340
Foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics . . . . . 857 816 1,086 1,031 1,027 1,074
Health professions and related clinical sciences . . . . 821 1,449 2,053 4,361 5,868 7,128
Legal professions and studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 111 74 119 98 129
Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and
humanities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 192 63 83 95 109 84
Mathematics and statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 724 917 1,075 1,060 1,176 1,293
Multi/interdisciplinary studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 442 792 876 983 987
Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies . . . . . 21 35 134 222 207 194
Philosophy and religious studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374 445 598 595 586 578
Physical sciences and science technologies . . . . . . 3,044 4,116 3,963 3,815 4,114 4,489
Psychology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,395 3,811 4,731 4,827 5,106 4,921
Public administration and social services . . . . . . . . 342 508 537 649 673 704
Security and protective services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 38 52 54 94 80
Social sciences and history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,230 3,010 4,095 3,811 3,819 3,914
Theology and religious vocations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,315 1,317 1,630 1,304 1,422 1,429
Visual and performing arts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655 849 1,127 1,282 1,278 1,383
1
Includes technologies.
Source: U.S. National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics, annual; and unpublished data.
Education 183
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 293. First Professional Degrees Earned in Selected Professions:
1970 to 2006
[First professional degrees include degrees which require at least 6 years of college work for completion (including at least 2 years
of preprofessional training). Based on survey; see Appendix III]
Type of degree and sex of recipient 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2004 2005 2006
Medicine (M.D.):
Institutions conferring degrees . . ... 86 104 112 120 124 119 118 118 120 119
Degrees conferred, total . . . . . . ... 8,314 12,447 14,902 16,041 15,075 15,537 15,286 15,442 15,461 15,455
Percent to women . . . . . . . . ... 8.4 13.1 23.4 30.4 34.2 38.8 42.7 46.4 47.3 48.9
Dentistry (D.D.S. or D.M.D.):
Institutions conferring degrees . . ... 48 52 58 59 57 53 54 53 53 54
Degrees conferred, total . . . . . . ... 3,718 4,773 5,258 5,339 4,100 3,897 4,250 4,335 4,454 4,389
Percent to women . . . . . . . . ... 0.9 3.1 13.3 20.7 30.9 36.4 40.1 41.6 43.8 44.5
Law (LL.B. or J.D.):
Institutions conferring degrees . . ... 145 154 179 181 182 183 190 195 198 197
Degrees conferred, total . . . . . . . . . 14,916 29,296 35,647 37,491 36,485 39,349 38,152 40,209 43,423 43,440
Percent to women . . . . . . . . ... 5.4 15.1 30.2 38.5 42.2 42.6 45.9 49.4 48.7 48.0
Theological (B.D., M.Div., M.H.L.):
Institutions conferring degrees . . ... (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 192 198 200 (NA) (NA)
Degrees conferred, total . . . . . . ... 5,298 5,095 7,115 7,221 5,851 5,978 6,129 5,332 5,533 5,666
Percent to women . . . . . . . . ... 2.3 6.8 13.8 18.5 24.8 25.7 29.2 34.2 35.6 33.6
NA Not available.
Source: U.S. National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics, annual.
Table 294. Participation in Adult Education: 2004−2005
[In thousands (211,607 represents 211,607,000), except percent. For the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years old. Adult
education includes enrollment in formal education activities in the previous 12 months. Excludes participants in only postsecondary
degree, certificate, or diploma programs as full-time students. Based on the Adult Education Survey of the National Household
Education Survey Program and subject to sampling error; see source and Appendix III for details. For more data on adult
education, see Tables 616 and 617]
184 Education
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Section 5
Law Enforcement, Courts, and Prisons
This section presents data on crimes com- impact of crime in the nation: the Uniform
mitted, victims of crimes, arrests, and Crime Reporting (UCR) Program and the
data related to criminal violations and the National Crime Victimization Survey
criminal justice system. The major (NCVS). Each of these programs produces
sources of these data are the Bureau of valuable information about aspects of the
Justice Statistics (BJS), the Federal Bureau
nation’s crime problem. Because the UCR
of Investigation (FBI), and the Administra-
and NCVS programs are conducted for
tive Office of the U.S. Courts. BJS issues
different purposes, use different methods,
many reports—see our Guide to Sources
and focus on somewhat different aspects
for a complete listing. The Federal Bureau
of Investigation’s major annual reports are of crime, the information they produce
Crime in the United States, Law Enforce- together provides a more comprehensive
ment Officers Killed and Assaulted, panorama of the nation’s crime problem
annual, and Hate Crimes, annual, which than either could produce alone.
present data on reported crimes as gath-
ered from state and local law enforcement Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)—The
agencies. FBI’s UCR Program, which began in 1929,
collects information on the following
Legal jurisdiction and law enforce- crimes reported to law enforcement
ment—Law enforcement is, for the most authorities—Part 1 offenses (detail data
part, a function of state and local officers reported): murder and nonnegligent man-
and agencies. The U.S. Constitution slaughter, forcible rape, robbery, aggra-
reserves general police powers to the vated assault, burglary, larceny-theft,
states. By act of Congress, federal motor vehicle theft, and arson. For Part 2
offenses include only offenses against the offenses, law enforcement agencies
U.S. government and against or by its report only arrest data for 21 additional
employees while engaged in their official crime categories. For UCR definitions of
duties and offenses which involve the criminal offenses (including those listed),
crossing of state lines or an interference please go to: <www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2006
with interstate commerce. Excluding the /about/offense_definitions.html>.
military, there are 52 separate criminal
law jurisdictions in the United States: one The UCR Program compiles data from
in each of the 50 states, one in the Dis- monthly law enforcement reports or indi-
trict of Columbia, and the federal jurisdic- vidual crime incident records transmitted
tion. Each of these has its own criminal directly to the FBI or to centralized state
law and procedure and its own law agencies that then report to the FBI. The
enforcement agencies. While the systems Program thoroughly examines each report
of law enforcement are quite similar it receives for reasonableness, accuracy,
among the states, there are often sub- and deviations that may indicate errors.
stantial differences in the penalties for Large variations in crime levels may indi-
like offenses. cate modified records procedures, incom-
plete reporting, or changes in a jurisdic-
Law enforcement can be divided into tion’s boundaries. To identify any unusual
three parts: Investigation of crimes and fluctuations in an agency’s crime counts,
arrests of persons suspected of commit- the Program compares monthly reports to
ting them; prosecution of those charged previous submissions of the agency and
with crime; and the punishment or treat- with those for similar agencies.
ment of persons convicted of crime.
The UCR Program presents crime counts
Crime—The U.S. Department of Justice for the nation as a whole, as well as for
administers two statistical programs to regions, states, counties, cities, towns,
measure the magnitude, nature, and tribal law enforcement, and colleges and
Table 296. Crimes and Crime Rates by Type and Area: 2006
[In thousands (1,418 represents 1,418,000), except rate. Rate per 100,000 population; based on Census Bureau estimated
resident population as of July 1. See headnote, Table 295. For definitions of types of crimes, go to <http://www.fbi.gov/ucr
/cius2006/about/offense_definitions.html/>]
Property crime . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,984 3,335 8,707 3,500 771 3,849 506 1,654
Burglary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,184 729 1,862 749 160 798 162 528
Larceny-theft . . . . . . . . . . . 6,607 2,207 5,730 2,303 574 2,865 303 992
Motor vehicle theft . . . . . . . . 1,193 398 1,115 448 37 187 41 133
1
For definition, see Appendix II.
Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation. Crime in the United States, annual. See
<http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2006/index.html/>.
Colorado. . . ...... 397 392 3.3 44 81 264 4,041 3,451 682 2,332 438
Connecticut . ...... 273 281 3.1 18 121 139 2,579 2,504 419 1,788 296
Delaware . . ...... 633 682 4.9 47 203 427 3,118 3,418 725 2,363 330
District of
Columbia 2 ...... 1,380 1,508 29.1 32 658 789 4,490 4,654 660 2,735 1,259
Florida . . . . ...... 709 712 6.2 36 189 481 4,013 3,986 945 2,619 423
Georgia . . . ...... 446 471 6.4 23 166 276 4,145 3,889 909 2,519 461
Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . 256 281 1.6 28 89 163 4,800 4,230 678 2,949 604
Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . 257 247 2.5 40 21 184 2,697 2,419 513 1,740 166
Illinois 3, 4 . . . . . . . . 552 542 6.1 32 185 318 3,092 3,020 602 2,124 293
Indiana . . . . . . . . . . 324 315 5.8 29 115 165 3,460 3,502 731 2,425 346
Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . 293 284 1.8 28 44 210 2,845 2,803 604 2,031 168
Kansas. . . . . . . . . . 389 425 4.6 45 68 308 3,806 3,750 723 2,712 315
Kentucky . . . . . . . . 267 263 4.0 31 86 142 2,531 2,545 645 1,680 220
Louisiana . . . . . . . . 597 698 12.4 36 134 515 3,696 3,994 1,049 2,580 365
Maine. . . . . . . . . . . 113 116 1.7 26 29 59 2,419 2,519 513 1,904 101
Maryland . . . . . . . . 704 679 9.7 21 256 392 3,551 3,481 667 2,270 544
Massachusetts. . . . . 461 447 2.9 27 125 292 2,358 2,391 547 1,565 279
Michigan. . . . . . . . . 554 562 7.1 52 141 362 3,098 3,213 754 1,964 495
Minnesota 4. . . . . . . 297 312 2.4 32 105 173 3,088 3,080 584 2,237 259
Mississippi . . . . . . . 280 299 7.7 34 107 150 3,274 3,209 936 1,986 287
Missouri . . . . . . . . . 526 546 6.3 30 130 379 3,929 3,827 764 2,627 435
Montana . . . . . . . . . 282 254 1.8 29 17 206 3,146 2,688 311 2,192 185
Nebraska . . . . . . . . 287 282 2.8 31 64 184 3,432 3,341 535 2,521 285
Nevada . . . . . . . . . 608 742 9.0 43 282 408 4,246 4,089 995 2,014 1,080
New Hampshire . . . . 135 139 1.0 26 32 79 1,839 1,874 331 1,435 108
New Jersey . . . . . . . 355 352 4.9 14 153 179 2,337 2,292 452 1,557 283
New Mexico . . . . . . 646 643 6.8 56 108 473 4,132 3,937 1,070 2,396 472
New York . . . . . . . . 444 435 4.8 16 179 235 2,102 2,053 355 1,531 166
North Carolina . . . . . 469 476 6.1 28 152 289 4,080 4,121 1,213 2,568 340
North Dakota . . . . . . 111 128 1.3 30 11 85 2,025 2,000 376 1,465 159
Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . 350 350 4.7 40 167 139 3,668 3,679 910 2,443 326
Oklahoma . . . . . . . . 509 497 5.8 42 88 363 4,047 3,604 961 2,271 373
Oregon. . . . . . . . . . 287 280 2.3 32 73 173 4,402 3,672 645 2,636 391
Pennsylvania . . . . . . 425 439 5.9 27 169 238 2,422 2,444 463 1,743 237
Rhode Island . . . . . . 252 228 2.6 27 69 129 2,728 2,587 507 1,744 336
South Carolina. . . . . 767 766 8.3 41 137 580 4,370 4,242 990 2,873 380
South Dakota . . . . . 179 171 1.2 43 15 112 1,767 1,620 339 1,189 92
Tennessee . . . . . . . 757 760 6.8 36 184 534 4,300 4,128 1,041 2,713 374
Texas . . . . . . . . . . . 528 516 5.9 36 159 316 4,319 4,082 917 2,758 406
Utah . . . . . . . . . . . 225 224 1.8 34 49 140 3,837 3,516 577 2,615 325
Vermont . . . . . . . . . 126 137 1.9 24 18 93 2,370 2,305 529 1,682 94
Virginia. . . . . . . . . . 283 282 5.2 23 101 152 2,649 2,478 418 1,867 194
Washington . . . . . . . 346 346 3.0 43 100 200 4,890 4,480 912 2,851 718
West Virginia . . . . . . 274 280 4.1 21 47 207 2,633 2,622 634 1,772 216
Wisconsin . . . . . . . . 242 284 3.0 20 100 161 2,669 2,818 486 2,080 253
Wyoming . . . . . . . . 230 240 1.7 27 14 197 3,158 2,981 451 2,379 151
1
Includes nonnegligent manslaughter. 2 Includes offenses reported by the Zoological Police and the Metro Transit Police.
3
Limited data for 2005 and 2006 were available for Illinois. 4 The data collection methodology for the offense of forcible rape
used by the Illinois state (with the exception of Rockford, Illinois) and the Minnesota state (2006 data only) Uniform Crime Reporting
(UCR) Programs do not comply with national UCR Program guidelines. Consequently, their figures for forcible rape were estimated
for inclusion in this table.
Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation. Crime in the United States, annual. See
<http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2006/index.html/>.
Characteristic 2000 2004 2005 2006 Characteristic 2000 2004 2005 2006
Murders, total. . . . 13,230 14,210 14,965 14,990 Unknown. . . . . . . . . . . 4,070 4,984 5,635 5,223
CIRCUMSTANCE 1
Felonies, total . . . . . . . 2,229 2,099 2,189 2,436 TYPE OF WEAPON OR
Rape. . . . . . . . . . . . 58 37 45 32 CAUSE OF DEATH 2
Robbery . . . . . . . . . 1,077 993 930 1,041 Total firearms . . . . . . . . 8,661 9,385 10,158 10,177
Burglary. . . . . . . . . . 76 78 91 79 Handguns . . . . . . . . 6,778 7,286 7,565 7,795
Narcotics . . . . . . . . . 589 558 597 796 Rifles . . . . . . . . . . . 411 403 445 436
Other not specified . . 429 433 526 488 Shotguns . . . . . . . . . 485 507 522 481
Suspected felony type . . 60 119 45 58 Other not specified . . 987 1189 1626 1465
Other than felony type Knives or cutting
total . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,871 7,008 7,096 7,273 instruments . . . . . . . . 1,782 1,866 1,920 1,822
Romantic triangle . . . 122 97 118 103 Blunt objects 3 . . . . . . . 617 667 608 607
Brawl due to influence Personal weapons 4 . . . 927 943 905 833
of alcohol . . . . . . . . 188 140 123 107 Fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 118 125 115
Gangland killings . . . . 65 95 96 118 Strangulations . . . . . . . 166 156 118 135
Juvenile gang killings . 653 805 756 865 Asphyxiations. . . . . . . . 92 109 96 107
Other not specified . . 5,637 5,650 5,793 5,882 All other 5 . . . . . . . . . . 851 966 1,035 1,194
1 2
Other types of circumstances not shown separately. Other types of weapons or causes of deaths not shown
separately. 3 Refers to club, hammer, etc. 4 Hands, fists, feet, etc. 5 Includes poison, drowning, explosives, narcotics, and
unknown.
Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Crime in the United States, annual. See also
<http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2006/index.html>.
Sex Race
Age
Total Male Female Unknown White Black Other Unknown
Murders, total . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,990 11,793 3,156 41 6,956 7,421 406 207
Percent of total . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 78.7 21.1 0.3 46.4 49.5 2.7 1.4
Under 18 years old 1. . . . . . . . . . 1,539 1,125 413 1 747 734 40 18
18 years old and over 1 . . . . . . . . 13,174 10,485 2,676 13 6,098 6,587 361 128
Infant (under 1 year old) . . . . . . . 203 121 82 − 141 51 3 8
1 to 4 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 174 125 − 141 145 9 4
5 to 8 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 46 48 1 61 29 4 1
9 to 12 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 55 28 − 46 31 6 −
13 to 16 years old . . . . . . . . . . . 485 395 90 − 217 259 8 1
17 to 19 years old . . . . . . . . . . . 1,485 1,308 175 2 563 860 50 12
20 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . . 2,831 2,454 375 2 1,077 1,653 70 31
25 to 29 years old . . . . . . . . . . . 2,273 1,916 356 1 913 1,304 41 15
30 to 34 years old . . . . . . . . . . . 1,549 1,304 243 2 628 863 40 18
35 to 39 years old . . . . . . . . . . . 1,250 939 310 1 615 587 36 12
40 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . . . . 1,123 800 323 − 595 493 28 7
45 to 49 years old . . . . . . . . . . . 985 721 261 3 540 393 40 12
50 to 54 years old . . . . . . . . . . . 727 517 208 2 420 270 28 9
55 to 59 years old . . . . . . . . . . . 455 325 130 − 276 157 15 7
60 to 64 years old . . . . . . . . . . . 316 230 86 − 214 87 12 3
65 to 69 years old . . . . . . . . . . . 147 94 53 − 94 48 4 1
70 to 74 years old . . . . . . . . . . . 144 89 55 − 101 39 3 1
75 years old and over . . . . . . . . . 263 122 141 − 203 52 4 4
Age unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 183 67 27 111 100 5 61
1
− Represents zero. Does not include unknown ages.
Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation. Crime in the United States, annual. See
<http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2006/index.html>.
Item 1980 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
NUMBER
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,990 102,560 97,460 90,186 90,863 95,235 93,883 95,089 94,347 92,455
By force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,599 86,541 85,249 81,111 82,004 86,655 85,837 87,953 86,231 84,042
Attempt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,391 16,019 12,211 9,075 8,859 8,580 8,046 7,856 7,703 8,413
RATE
Per 100,000 population. . . . . . . . . 36.8 41.1 37.1 32.0 31.8 33.1 32.3 32.4 31.8 30.9
Per 100,000 females . . . . . . . . . . 71.6 80.5 72.5 62.7 62.6 65.0 63.5 63.8 62.5 60.9
Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Population-at-Risk Rates and Selected Crime Indicators,
annual. See also <http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2006/offenses/violent_crime/forcible_rape.html>.
Crimes of violence
Characteristic of Assault Purse
the victim Rape/ snatching/
sexual Aggra- pocket
All crimes Total assault Robbery Total vated Simple picking 1
Total . . . . . . . . . . . 25.4 24.7 1.1 2.9 20.7 5.4 15.3 0.7
2
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.4 26.7 0.2 3.9 22.6 6.3 16.3 0.7
Female. . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.4 22.7 1.8 2.0 18.9 4.6 14.3 0.7
2
12 to 15 years old . . . . . 47.8 46.9 3.4 4.0 39.6 8.3 31.3 0.8
2
16 to 19 years old . . . . . 52.8 51.7 2.5 4.6 44.7 11.6 33.1 1.1
2
20 to 24 years old . . . . . 45.1 44.2 1.8 7.3 35.1 11.9 23.2 0.9
2
25 to 34 years old . . . . . 36.6 36.0 1.4 4.6 30.1 7.7 22.4 0.6
35 to 49 years old . . . . . 20.6 19.7 0.7 2.0 17.0 4.7 12.3 0.9
2 2
50 to 64 years old . . . . . 13.6 13.2 0.5 1.3 11.4 2.5 8.9 0.4
2 2 2
65 years old and over . . . 3.9 3.3 − 1.1 2.2 0.7 1.6 0.5
White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.9 23.3 1.1 2.8 19.5 4.6 14.9 0.6
2 2
Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.9 32.1 1.1 3.8 27.2 9.6 17.6 0.8
2 2 2
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.4 18.4 0.7 2.7 15.0 5.9 9.1 1.9
2 2
Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.4 27.7 0.9 4.9 22.0 6.3 15.7 0.6
Non-Hispanic. . . . . . . . . 24.9 24.2 1.1 2.6 20.6 5.3 15.2 0.7
Household income:
2
Less than $7,500 . . . . 64.6 63.5 5.1 7.2 51.2 13.3 38.0 1.1
2 2
$7,500−$14,999 . . . . . 45.9 45.0 0.5 6.5 38.1 8.3 29.7 0.9
2 2
$15,000−$24,999 . . . . 31.4 29.8 1.2 4.2 24.4 8.3 16.2 1.6
2 2
$25,000−$34,999 . . . . 34.5 33.6 1.6 5.3 26.6 7.6 19.0 1.0
2 2
$35,000−$49,999 . . . . 22.5 22.3 0.5 1.5 20.2 4.8 15.5 0.3
2
$50,000−$74,999 . . . . 24.5 24.0 1.1 2.2 20.7 5.6 15.2 0.4
2
$75,000 or more . . . . . 14.6 13.9 0.4 2.0 11.5 2.9 8.7 0.7
1 2
− Rounds to zero. Formerly personal theft. Based on 10 or fewer sample cases.
Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Criminal Victimization, annual;
and series NCJ-219413, December 2007. See also <http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/cv06.htm>.
Assault
Rape/
Selected characteristic of incident sexual Aggra-
Total assault Robbery Total vated 1 Simple
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 100 100 100 100 100 100
Victim/offender relationship: 2
3
Relatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.7 7.7 6.3 12.7 13.7 12.4
Well-known . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.6 27.4 13.1 26.1 24.2 26.8
Casual acquaintance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.2 26.6 6.9 17.0 13.5 18.2
Stranger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.0 34.0 59.2 35.2 38.8 34.0
Time of day: 4
6 a.m. to 6 p.m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 52.4 30.1 39.5 55.3 52.4 56.3
6 p.m. to midnight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 32.8 33.3 42.5 31.5 31.8 31.3
Midnight to 6 a.m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10.9 34.5 14.2 9.2 11.3 8.4
Location of crime:
At or near victim’s home or lodging . . . . 37.5 45.1 40.6 36.6 41.4 34.9
3
Friend’s/relative’s/neighbor’s home . . . . . 7.9 18.6 5.0 7.7 7.2 7.9
Commercial places . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.5 10.9 2.8 13.8 11.1 14.7
3
Parking lots/garages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 4.8 13.2 6.2 7.7 5.7
3
School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 2.5 6.2 12.6 6.5 14.6
3
Streets other than near victim’s home . . . 15.4 7.2 23.7 14.8 19.0 13.3
Other 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 10.8 8.4 8.3 7.1 8.8
Victim’s activity: 6
At work or traveling to or from work . . . . 18.2 8.4 17.9 (NA) 16.3 19.6
School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.0 4.7 6.9 (NA) 6.9 13.6
Activities at home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.7 38.3 19.4 (NA) 35.8 28.9
3
Shopping/errands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 2.0 7.8 (NA) 4.6 3.5
Leisure activities away from home . . . . . 22.5 30.9 19.5 (NA) 22.1 22.6
3
Traveling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 7.7 22.4 (NA) 7.9 6.8
Other 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 3
7.9 6.1 (NA) 6.5 4.7
Distance from victim’s home: 8
Inside home or lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.3 33.2 18.2 19.9 25.3 18.0
3
Near victim’s home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.8 12.3 18.5 17.9 19.2 17.5
3
1 mile or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.4 10.7 24.6 19.2 18.8 19.3
5 miles or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.1 19.6 18.6 21.5 16.3 23.2
50 miles or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.8 18.8 14.7 18.1 17.6 18.3
3 3
More than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 2.3 3.3 2.8 2.4 2.9
Weapons:
No weapons present . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.4 71.6 40.6 70.8 8.8 91.7
Weapons present . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.0 18.1 44.5 22.8 90.0 –
3
Firearm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 12.9 21.7 6.8 27.0 –
Other type of weapon 9. . . . . . . . . . . 16.2 5.2 22.8 16.0 63.0 –
− Represents zero. NA Not available. 1 An aggravated assault is any assault in which an offender possesses or uses a
weapon or inflicts serious injury. 2 Excludes ‘‘don’t know’’ relationships. 3 Based on 10 or fewer sample cases. 4 Excludes
‘‘not known and not available’’ time of day. 5 Includes areas on public transportation or inside station, in apartment yard, park,
field, playground, or other areas. 6 Excludes ‘‘don’t know’’ and ‘‘not available’’ victim activity. 7 Includes sleeping. 8 Excludes
‘‘don’t know’’ and ‘‘not available’’ distance from victim’s home. 9 Includes knives, other sharp objects, blunt objects, and other
types of weapons.
Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Criminal Victimization, annual;
and series NCJ-219413, December 2007. See also <http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/cv06.htm>.
Average value
Number of offenses (1,000) Rate per 100,000 population lost (dol.)
Characteristic of offense
1990 2000 2005 2006 1990 2000 2005 2006 2005 2006
1
Robbery, total ........ 639 408 417 447 256.3 144.9 140.7 149.4 1,239 1,268
Type of crime:
Street or highway . . . . . . . . . 359 188 184 199 144.2 66.7 62.1 66.5 1,020 980
Commercial house. . . . . . . . . 73 57 60 61 29.5 20.1 20.1 20.4 1,662 1,589
Gas station . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 12 12 12 7.1 4.1 4.0 4.0 1,104 1,169
Convenience store. . . . . . . . . 39 26 24 24 15.6 9.3 8.0 8.3 677 761
Residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 50 59 64 25.1 17.7 20.0 21.4 1,332 1,469
Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 9 9 10 3.8 3.1 3.0 3.2 4,113 4,330
Weapon used:
Firearm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 161 175 157 94.1 57.0 59.0 63.0 (NA) (NA)
Knife or cutting instrument. . . . 76 36 37 32 30.7 12.8 12.5 12.8 (NA) (NA)
Other dangerous weapon . . . . 61 53 39 34 24.5 18.9 13.2 13.8 (NA) (NA)
Strongarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 159 166 149 107.7 56.4 56.0 59.5 (NA) (NA)
Burglary, total . . . . . . . . . 3,074 2,050 2,154 2,184 1,232.2 728.4 726.7 729.4 1,771 1,834
Forcible entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,150 1,297 1,310 1,330 864.5 460.7 440.0 460.6 (NA) (NA)
Unlawful entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678 615 701 710 272.8 218.7 237.5 245.7 (NA) (NA)
Attempted forcible entry . . . . . . . 245 138 133 144 98.7 49.0 45.2 49.8 (NA) (NA)
Residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,033 1,335 1,417 1,446 817.4 474.3 477.9 482.8 1,813 1,823
Nonresidence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,041 715 738 738 418.5 254.1 248.8 246.6 1,687 1,855
Occurred during the night 2. . . . . 1,135 699 708 718 456.4 248.3 238.9 240.0 (NA) (NA)
Occurred during the day . . . . . . 1,151 836 890 939 462.8 297.2 328.8 313.8 (NA) (NA)
Larceny-theft, total . . . . . . 7,946 6,972 6,783 6,607 3,185.1 2,477.3 2,286.3 2,206.8 857 855
Pocket picking . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 36 29 29 32.4 12.7 9.8 9.6 346 443
Purse snatching . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 37 42 40 32.8 13.2 14.2 13.4 404 440
Shoplifting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,291 959 940 873 519.1 340.7 317.0 291.5 184 194
From motor vehicles . . . . . . . . . 1,744 1,754 1,752 1,752 701.3 623.3 590.6 585.3 704 734
Motor vehicle accessories . . . . . 1,185 677 693 639 476.3 240.6 233.6 213.3 482 522
Bicycles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443 312 249 231 178.2 110.9 83.9 77.2 267 263
From buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,118 914 852 830 449.4 324.6 287.3 277.1 1,738 1,170
From coin-operated machines . . . 63 46 41 35 25.4 16.2 13.8 11.8 232 317
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,940 2,232 2,184 2,178 780.0 793.0 736.1 727.5 1,137 1,280
Motor vehicles, total 3 . . . . 1,636 1,160 1,236 1,193 655.8 412.2 417.4 398.4 6,204 6,649
Automobiles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,304 877 907 877 524.3 311.5 304.5 311.6 (NA) (NA)
Trucks and buses . . . . . . . . . . . 238 209 219 212 95.5 74.1 76.2 75.5 (NA) (NA)
NA Not available. 1 Includes other crimes not shown separately. 2
Other data not shown. 3
Includes other types of motor
vehicles not shown separately.
Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Population-at-Risk Rates and Selected Crime Indicators,
annual. See also <http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2006/index.html>.
Motor
Characteristic vehicle
Total Burglary theft Theft
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160.5 30.2 8.4 121.9
Race:
White . . . . . . . . . . ........... 156.7 28.6 7.3 120.8
Black . . . . . . . . . . ........... 185.6 42.4 14.8 128.4
Other . . . . . . . . . . ........... 137.7 21.8 10.2 105.6
Ethnicity:
Hispanic . . . . . . . . ........... 211.7 40.2 13.5 158.0
Non-Hispanic . . . . . ........... 154.7 29.1 7.8 117.9
Household income:
Less than $7,500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217.3 55.7 11.3 150.3
$7,500 to $14,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195.7 45.8 8.4 141.6
$15,000 to $24,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . 183.1 35.6 15.9 131.6
$25,000 to $34,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . 179.4 30.3 12.9 136.2
$35,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.2 32.3 9.1 124.8
$50,000 to $74,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.8 28.2 7.5 131.1
$75,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.0 22.4 6.4 133.2
Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Criminal Victimization, annual;
and series NCJ-219413, December 2007. See also <http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/cv06.htm>.
Incidents Known
Bias motivation 1
reported Offenses Victims offenders 2
2000, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,213 9,619 10,117 7,690
2004, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,679 9,065 9,561 7,175
2005, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,163 8,380 8,804 6,804
2006, Total. . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,722 9,080 9,652 7,330
Race, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,000 4,737 5,020 3,957
Anti-White . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 890 1,008 1,054 1,074
Anti-Black . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,640 3,136 3,332 2,437
Anti-American Indian/Alaska native. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 72 75 72
Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 230 239 181
Anti-multiracial group . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 291 320 193
Ethnicity/national origin, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 984 1,233 1,305 1,209
Anti-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576 770 819 802
Anti-other ethnicity/national origin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408 463 486 407
Religion, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,462 1,597 1,750 705
Anti-Jewish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 967 1,027 1,144 362
Anti-Catholic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 81 86 44
Anti-Protestant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 62 65 35
Anti-Islamic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 191 208 147
Anti-other religious group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 140 147 63
Anti-multi-religious group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 88 92 49
Anti-atheism/agnosticism/etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 8 8 5
Sexual orientation, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,195 1,415 1,472 1,380
Anti-male homosexual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 747 881 913 914
Anti-female homosexual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 192 202 154
Anti-homosexual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 293 307 268
Anti-heterosexual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 28 29 26
Anti-bisexual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 21 21 18
Disability, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 94 95 73
Anti-physical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 20 21 17
Anti-mental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 74 74 56
Multiple bias 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4 10 6
1
The term ‘‘victim’’ may refer to a person, business, institution, or a society as a whole. 2 The term ‘‘known offender’’ does
not imply that the identity of the suspect is known, but only that an attribute of the suspect is identified which distinguishes him/her
from an unknown offender. 3 In a ‘‘multiple-bias incident’’ two conditions must be met: more than one offense type must occur
in the incident and at least two offense types must be motivated by different biases.
Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Uniform Crime Reports, Hate Crime Statistics, annual.
See <http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/hc2006/>.
Ameri-
can
Offense Indian Asian
or or
Total Total Alaska Pacific
arrests Male Female arrests White Black Native Islander
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,472.4 7,985.5 2,486.9 10,437.6 7,270.2 2,924.7 130.6 112.1
Serious crimes:
Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter . . . 9.8 8.7 1.1 9.8 4.6 5.0 0.1 0.1
Forcible rape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.1 16.9 0.2 17.0 11.1 5.5 0.2 0.2
Robbery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.5 83.0 10.5 93.4 39.4 52.5 0.6 0.8
Aggravated assault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327.5 259.5 67.9 326.7 206.4 112.6 3.9 3.7
Burglary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222.2 190.1 32.1 221.7 153.0 64.7 2.1 2.0
Larceny/theft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801.6 499.3 302.4 799.0 548.1 231.0 9.4 10.6
Motor vehicle theft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.8 82.9 17.8 100.6 63.1 35.1 1.0 1.4
Arson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.0 10.0 2.0 12.0 9.1 2.6 0.1 0.2
Other assaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 952.7 714.1 238.6 949.9 619.8 306.1 13.1 10.9
Nonserious crimes:
Forgery and counterfeiting . . . . . . . . ... 79.5 48.4 31.1 79.3 55.6 22.3 0.4 0.9
Fraud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 197.7 109.7 88.0 196.9 135.3 59.1 1.2 1.3
Embezzlement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 14.8 7.0 7.8 14.7 9.7 4.7 0.1 0.2
Stolen property—buying, receiving,
possessing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.1 73.1 17.0 89.9 58.1 30.3 0.7 0.8
Vandalism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220.4 183.4 37.0 219.7 165.5 48.8 3.0 2.4
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc. . . . . . 147.6 135.8 11.8 147.3 84.9 59.9 1.1 1.4
Prostitution and commercialized vice. . . . . 59.7 21.4 38.4 59.6 33.8 23.6 0.6 1.6
Sex offenses (except forcible rape and
prostitution) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.2 57.7 5.5 63.0 46.2 15.5 0.6 0.7
Drug abuse violations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,379.9 1,118.7 261.2 1,376.8 875.1 483.9 8.2 9.6
Gambling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 8.1 0.9 9.0 2.4 6.5 − 0.2
Offenses against family and children . . . . . 92.1 69.5 22.5 91.6 61.3 28.1 1.7 0.6
Driving under the influence . . . . . . . . . . . 1,038.6 830.5 208.1 1,034.7 914.2 95.3 13.5 11.7
Liquor laws. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469.2 342.1 127.1 466.3 398.1 50.0 12.8 5.4
Drunkenness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409.5 346.1 63.4 408.4 344.2 54.1 7.9 2.3
Disorderly conduct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519.0 383.3 135.7 517.3 326.0 179.7 7.6 3.9
Vagrancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.1 21.0 6.0 27.0 15.3 11.2 0.3 0.1
Suspicion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 1.3 0.4 1.7 1.0 0.7 − −
Curfew and loitering law violations . . . . . . 114.3 78.7 35.6 114.2 69.6 42.5 0.8 1.2
Runaways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.9 36.4 47.5 83.7 57.4 20.9 1.5 4.0
All other offenses (except traffic) . . . . . . . 2,917.8 2,248.6 669.2 2,906.3 1,962.0 872.6 37.9 33.8
− Rounds to zero.
Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation. Crime in the United States, annual. See also
<http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2006/arrests/index.html> (release September 2007).
Offense 1980 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Number of contributing
agencies . . . . . . . . . . . ... 8,178 10,765 10,037 9,904 10,281 10,946 11,368 11,437 11,778 11,376
Population covered (1,000) . . . 169,439 204,543 206,762 204,965 215,380 220,157 219,562 222,147 230,176 237,345
NUMBER
Violent crime, total . . . . . . . . . 77,220 97,103 123,131 78,450 78,443 71,059 69,060 68,247 73,377 80,195
Murder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,475 2,661 2,812 1,027 1,069 1,014 960 829 968 1,018
Forcible rape . . . . . . . . . . . 3,668 4,971 4,556 3,402 3,504 3,553 3,195 3,186 3,088 2,783
Robbery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,529 34,944 47,240 24,206 23,408 19,491 18,950 19,000 22,356 27,638
Aggravated assault . . . . . . . 33,548 54,527 68,523 49,815 50,462 47,001 45,955 45,232 46,965 48,756
Weapon law violations . . . . . . 21,203 33,123 46,506 28,514 29,290 26,786 29,512 30,530 34,468 37,032
Drug abuse, total . . . . . . . . . . 86,685 66,300 149,236 146,594 146,758 133,557 134,746 135,056 137,809 145,153
Sale and manufacturing . . . . 13,004 24,575 34,077 26,432 24,649 22,086 21,987 21,136 21,607 22,466
Heroin/cocaine . . . . . . . . 1,318 17,511 19,187 11,000 10,535 8,832 7,848 7,852 7,863 8,261
Marijuana . . . . . . . . . . . 8,876 4,372 10,682 11,792 10,552 9,962 10,463 9,743 9,845 10,333
Synthetic narcotics . . . . . 465 346 701 945 911 974 1,043 1,119 1,071 1,262
Dangerous nonnarcotic
drugs . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2,345 2,346 3,507 2,695 2,651 2,318 2,633 2,422 2,828 2,610
Possession . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,681 41,725 115,159 120,432 122,109 111,471 112,759 113,920 116,202 122,687
Heroin/cocaine . . . . . . . . 2,614 15,194 21,253 12,586 11,734 10,969 9,932 10,805 11,131 12,024
Marijuana . . . . . . . . . . . 64,465 20,940 82,015 95,962 97,088 85,769 87,909 87,717 88,909 95,120
Synthetic narcotics . . . . . 1,524 1,155 2,047 2,052 2,237 2,805 2,872 3,279 3,235 3,337
Dangerous nonnarcotic
drugs . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5,078 4,436 9,844 9,832 11,050 11,928 12,046 12,119 12,927 12,206
Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Crime in the United States, annual, Person arrested. See
also <http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2006/arrests/index.html> (released September 2007).
Most serious
2
offense 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 1, 2 2000 2
2001 2
2002 2
2003 2004
All offenses 3. . . . . 80,730 83,324 85,195 91,747 104,119 109,340 115,589 118,896 124,074 131,064 140,755
Violent offenses 4 . . . . . . 3,905 3,873 4,519 4,801 4,989 4,254 4,250 4,843 4,723 4,484 4,587
Property offenses . . . . . . 15,540 16,245 16,191 16,288 16,786 16,569 16,842 16,824 17,268 17,258 15,609
Fraudulent 5 . . . . . . . . 11,919 12,804 12,729 12,912 13,219 13,116 13,432 13,397 13,976 14,169 12,709
Other 6 . . . . . . . . . . . 3,621 3,441 3,462 3,376 3,567 3,453 3,410 3,427 3,292 3,089 2,900
Drug offenses . . . . . . . . 23,268 23,768 24,682 26,843 30,012 31,867 32,630 33,589 33,730 34,217 32,980
Public-order offenses . . . 11,596 10,336 9,578 9,324 9,234 9,841 10,063 9,156 8,772 8,591 8,618
Regulatory . . . . . . . . . 530 697 656 749 775 752 621 687 524 425 335
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,066 9,639 8,922 8,575 8,459 9,089 9,442 8,469 8,248 8,166 8,283
Weapon offenses 7 . . . . . 3,885 3,724 3,131 3,235 3,539 4,268 5,203 6,007 7,488 9,416 9,936
Immigration offenses 7 . . 8,777 10,600 12,026 14,994 20,942 22,849 25,205 24,794 25,270 27,620 39,135
Supervision violations . . . 12,719 13,498 13,304 13,995 15,157 15,603 17,133 18,978 21,777 23,605 23,399
Material witness . . . . . . . 886 1,143 1,617 2,169 3,398 4,016 4,203 3,679 3,918 4,615 5,385
Unknown or indeter-
minable offenses . . . .. 154 137 147 163 62 73 60 1,026 1,128 1,258 1,106
1
Starting in 1999 and through the current year of data, nonviolent sex offenses were reclassified from ‘‘Violent offenses’’ to
‘‘Public-order offenses.’’ 2 Data for 1998 through 2002 are not directly comparable to 2003 and 2004 because of changes in the
data-processing methodology. See note 2 on page 24, chapter 1 of the 2004 Compendium of Federal Justice Statistics.
3
Includes suspects whose offense category could not be determined. 4 In this table, ‘‘Violent offenses’’ may include nonnegligent
manslaughter. 5 Fradulent property excludes tax fraud. 6 Excludes fraudulent property and includes destruction of property
7
and trespassing. Beginning in 2001, ‘‘Weapon’’ and ‘‘Immigration’’ offenses became major offense categories. Previously,
these offenses were classified within ‘‘Public-order offenses.’’
Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Federal Criminal Justice Trends,
2003, Series NCJ 205331, August 2006; <http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/fcjt03.htm>. Compendium of Federal Justice
Statistics, 2004, Series NCJ 213476, December 2006; <http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/cfjs04.htm>.
Most serious
1
offense investigated 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
All offenses 2. . . . . 99,251 102,220 97,776 110,034 115,692 117,994 123,559 121,818 124,335 130,078 141,212
Violent offenses 3 . . . . . . 5,570 5,720 6,570 7,354 7,527 5,768 6,036 6,225 6,392 5,688 5,714
Property offenses . . . . . . 32,579 31,759 28,962 29,916 30,125 28,011 28,423 28,608 27,321 27,375 24,956
Fraudulent 4 . . . . . . . . 28,491 27,836 25,245 25,854 26,328 24,200 24,679 25,275 24,019 24,261 22,182
Other 5 . . . . . . . . . . . 4,088 3,923 3,717 4,062 3,797 3,811 3,744 3,333 3,302 3,114 2,774
Drug offenses . . . . . . . . 29,311 31,686 30,227 34,027 36,355 37,313 38,959 37,944 38,150 37,416 37,501
Public-order offenses . . . 19,143 19,036 18,918 22,857 21,244 22,816 24,180 23,980 23,472 23,717 21,277
Regulatory . . . . . . . . . 5,059 5,371 5,154 5,423 6,541 6,332 5,737 5,411 4,738 5,366 4,959
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,084 13,665 13,764 17,434 14,703 16,484 18,443 18,569 18,734 18,351 16,318
Weapon offenses 6 . . . . . 5,996 5,376 4,462 4,870 4,907 6,982 8,589 8,989 11,200 14,022 14,398
Immigration offenses 6 . . 5,526 7,256 7,122 9,366 14,114 15,539 16,495 15,378 16,699 20,341 35,858
Unknown or indeter-
minable offenses . . . .. 1,126 1,387 1,515 1,644 1,420 1,565 877 694 1,101 1,519 1,508
1
Starting in 1999 and through the current year of data, nonviolent sex offenses were reclassified from ‘‘Violent offenses’’ to
‘‘Public-order offenses.’’ 2 Includes suspects whose offense category could not be determined. See Methodology for a listing of
3
detailed offense categories within each major offense category. In this table, ‘‘Violent offenses’’ may include nonnegligent
manslaughter; ‘‘Fraudulent property’’ excludes tax fraud; and ‘‘Other nonfraudulent property’’ excludes fraudulent property and
4
includes destruction of property and trespassing. Fradulent property excludes tax fraud. 5 Excludes fraudulent property and
includes destruction of property and trespassing. 6 Beginning in 2001, ‘‘Weapon’’ and ‘‘Immigration’’ offenses became major
offense categories. Previously, these offenses were classified within ‘‘Public-order offenses.’’
Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Federal Criminal Justice Trends,
2003. Series NCJ 205331, August 2006. See also, <http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/fcjt03.htm>. Compendium of Federal
Justice Statistics, 2004, Series NCJ 213476, December 2006; <http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/cfjs04.htm>.
2006
Offense Region
North- Mid-
1990 2000 2005 Total east west South West
Drug arrest rate, total . . . . . . . . . 435.3 587.1 600.9 594.8 520.6 440.4 663.5 675.5
Sale and/or manufacture . . . . . . . . . . . 139.0 122.7 109.9 104.8 118.6 76.2 116.7 101.6
Heroin or cocaine 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.7 60.8 47.8 47.8 76.3 25.1 55.4 36.8
Marijuana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.4 34.2 29.6 29.0 28.1 29.5 29.0 27.9
Synthetic or manufactured drugs . . . . 2.7 6.4 8.6 9.0 5.1 4.6 18.5 4.4
Other dangerous nonnarcotic drugs. . . 16.2 21.3 23.9 18.9 9.0 17.0 13.9 32.5
Possession . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296.3 464.4 490.9 490.0 402.1 364.2 546.8 573.9
Heroin or cocaine 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.4 138.7 131.5 134.0 124.6 71.8 162.9 153.7
Marijuana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.9 244.4 228.9 235.5 221.0 220.9 301.6 176.9
Synthetic or manufactured drugs . . . . 6.6 12.0 21.0 20.4 10.8 13.5 29.0 21.2
Other dangerous nonnarcotic drugs. . . 40.4 69.4 109.6 100.1 45.7 58.0 53.4 222.1
1
Includes other derivatives such as morphine, heroin, and codeine.
Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Crime in the United States, annual. See also
<http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/06cius/arrests/index.html>; (as of 17 February 2007).
Table 317. Federal Drug Arrests and Seizures by Type of Drug: 1990 to 2007
[For fiscal years ending in year shown]
Drug 1990 1995 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Number of arrests,
total 1, 2 . . . . . . . . 23,153 25,010 40,455 30,939 29,283 29,732 30,811 29,573 29,219
Heroin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,056 2,548 3,622 2,559 2,514 2,478 2,442 2,251 2,099
Cocaine. . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,400 12,036 16,369 12,349 11,363 11,934 12,955 12,797 12,392
Marijuana. . . . . . . . . . . . 5,155 6,231 8,574 5,716 6,029 6,309 6,092 5,935 6,674
Methamphetamine . . . . . . 2,474 2,886 8,274 6,396 6,068 6,075 6,479 5,762 5,421
Seizure in pounds,
total 3, 4 . . . . . . . . 738,008 1,574,890 2,888,282 2,650,186 2,959,007 3,043,245 2,808,630 2,653,031 3,694,331
Cocaine. . . . . . . . . . . . . 235,889 234,342 248,895 225,355 245,580 336,247 391,981 333,023 363,064
Heroin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,704 2,971 3,341 6,859 5,923 4,088 4,020 4,186 5,696
Marijuana. . . . . . . . . . . . 483,353 1,305,701 2,612,059 2,417,786 2,706,131 2,702,419 2,412,216 2,305,637 3,323,008
Methamphetamine . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 7,107 6,229 8,564 8,194 10,748 9,229 8,330
1 2
NA Not available. Arrests are for Drug Enforcement Administration only. Includes other drug-related arrests not
shown. 3 Reflects the combined drug seizure effort of the Drug Enforcement Administration, the Federal Bureau of Investigation,
the U.S. Customs Services, and, beginning October 1995, the U.S. Border Patrol within the jurisdiction of the United States as well
as maritime seizures by the U.S. Coast Guard. Based on reports to the federal-wide Drug Seizure System, which eliminates
duplicate reporting of a seizure involving more than one federal agency. 4 Includes other drug seizures not shown.
Source: U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, unpublished data from federal-wide Drug Seizure System. (Data are as of 15
May 2008.)
Interim 3
Total period Permanent Brady
Inquiries and rejections
1994− 1994−
2007 1 1998 2 1998 4
2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Applications and rejections:
Applications received . . . . . 87,180 12,740 893 7,699 7,806 7,831 8,084 8,278 8,612 8,658
Applications rejected . . . . . 1,631 312 20 153 136 126 126 132 134 136
Rejection rate . . . . . . . . 1.9 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6
1
Number of applications and estimates of denials for firearm transfers or permits since the inception of the Brady Act,
1994−2007. 2 Background checks on applicants were conducted by state and local agencies, mainly on handgun transfers. See
‘‘Presale Handgun Checks, the Brady Interim Period, 1994−98’’ (NCJ 175034). 3 The period beginning November 30, 1998, is
the effective date for the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act, P.L. 103-159, 1993. The National Instant Criminal Background
Check System (NICS) began operations. Checks on handgun and long gun transfers are conducted by the Federal Bureau of
Investigation (FBI), and by state and local agencies. Totals combine Firearm Inquiry Statistics (FIST) estimates for state and local
agencies with transactions and denials reported by the FBI. 4 For the period of November 30 to December 31, 1998. Counts are
from the NICS operations report and may include multiple transactions for the same application.
Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Background Checks for Firearm
Transfers, 2007, Series NCJ 223197, July 2008. See internet site <http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/guns.htm>.
Total killed . . . . . . . . . 132 133 134 218 131 133 139 122 114
Geographical region . . . . . . .
Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 16 13 79 10 13 18 12 12
Midwest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 19 32 26 22 20 25 23 20
South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 63 67 68 64 66 66 58 48
West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 32 19 38 28 31 24 24 31
Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2 3 7 7 3 5 5 3
Island areas, foreign
countries . . . . . . . . ...... – 1 – – – – 1 – –
OFFICERS ASSAULTED
Population covered(1,000) 3 . . 197,426 191,759 204,599 213,645 219,425 225,770 226,273 222,874 222,640
Number of—
Reporting agencies . . . . . . 9,343 8,503 8,940 9,773 10,164 10,539 10,589 10,119 10,346
Officers employed . . . . . . . 410,131 428,379 452,531 471,096 491,009 501,738 501,462 489,393 495,270
Total assaulted . . . . . . 72,091 57,762 58,398 57,463 59,526 58,600 59,692 57,820 58,634
Firearm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,651 2,354 1,749 1,841 1,927 1,879 2,114 2,157 2,278
Knife/cutting instrument . . . . . 1,647 1,356 1,015 1,168 1,061 1,084 1,123 1,059 1,047
Other dangerous weapon . . . 7,423 6,414 8,132 8,233 8,526 8,180 8,645 8,379 8,512
Personal weapons 2 . . . . . . . 59,370 47,638 47,502 46,221 48,012 47,457 47,810 46,225 46,797
– Represents zero. 1 The 72 felonious deaths that resulted from the events of September 11, 2001, are included in this
table. 2 Includes hands, fists, feet, etc. 3 Represents the number of persons covered by agencies shown.
Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted, annual.
<http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/killed/2006/index.html/>.
Table 320. Fraud Complaints and Identity Theft Victims by State: 2007
[Rate per 100,000 population. As of December 31. Based on Census Bureau population estimates. Federal Trade Commission
(FTC) has developed and maintained a complaint data base called the Consumer Sentinel. This database collects information about
consumer fraud and identity theft from the FTC and over 115 other organizations and makes the information available to law enforce-
ment. See appendixes in the annual report for list of contributing organizations]
Action 1980 1990 1995 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Total cases on docket . . . . . . . . . 5,144 6,316 7,565 8,965 9,406 8,882 8,588 9,608 10,256
Appellate cases on docket . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,749 2,351 2,456 2,305 2,190 2,058 2,041 2,025 2,069
From prior term . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527 365 361 351 321 336 300 354 346
Docketed during present term . . . . . . . . 2,222 1,986 2,095 1,954 1,869 1,722 1,741 1,671 1,723
Cases acted upon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,324 2,042 2,130 2,024 1,899 1,798 1,727 1,703 1,736
Granted review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 114 92 85 83 74 69 63 62
Denied, dismissed, or withdrawn . . . . 1,999 1,802 1,945 1,842 1,727 1,641 1,529 1,554 1,611
Summarily decided . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 81 62 63 46 37 89 46 39
Cases not acted upon . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 309 326 281 291 260 314 322 333
Pauper cases on docket . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,371 3,951 5,098 6,651 7,209 6,818 6,543 7,575 8,181
Cases acted upon 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,027 3,436 4,514 5,736 6,488 6,036 5,815 6,533 7,186
Granted review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 27 13 14 8 13 11 15 15
Denied, dismissed, or withdrawn . . . . 1,968 3,369 4,439 5,658 6,459 6,005 5,061 6,459 6,925
Summarily decided . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 28 55 61 17 13 737 58 239
Cases not acted upon . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344 515 584 915 721 782 728 1,042 995
Original cases on docket . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 14 11 9 7 6 4 8 6
Cases disposed of during term . . . . . . . 7 3 5 2 1 2 − 4 1
Total cases available
for argument . . . . . . . . . . .... 264 201 145 138 139 140 128 122 108
Cases disposed of . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 162 131 93 89 87 93 87 87 80
Cases argued . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 154 125 90 86 84 91 87 88 78
Cases dismissed or remanded
without argument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6 3 3 3 2 − 1 2
Cases remaining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 70 52 49 52 47 41 31 28
Cases decided by signed opinion . . . . . . . 144 121 87 83 79 89 85 82 74
Cases decided by per curiam opinion. . . . . 8 4 3 4 5 2 2 5 4
Number of signed opinions. . . . . . . . . . . . 123 112 75 77 71 73 74 69 67
1
− Represents zero. Includes cases granted review and carried over to next term, not shown separately.
Source: Office of the Clerk, Supreme Court of the United States, unpublished data.
Mean length
Selected of sentence
most serious offense Offenders for incarceration
1 1, 2
of conviction Offenders convicted sentenced to prison (months) 3
2000 2004 2000 2004 2000 2004
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,156 74,782 50,451 58,106 56.7 59.7
Violent offenses 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,557 2,569 2,360 2,402 86.5 96.2
Murder 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 190 249 175 94.2 111.2
Negligent manslaughter . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 1 (B) (B)
Assault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 465 188 384 33.0 44.8
Property offenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,454 12,202 7,462 7,323 24.2 27.4
Fraudulent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,396 10,403 6,272 6,267 22.5 25.8
Embezzlement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917 646 506 302 14.8 16.0
Fraud 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,177 8,677 5,008 5,278 23.5 26.6
Forgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 73 41 44 19.1 20.0
Counterfeiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,216 1,007 717 643 20.8 24.1
Other 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,058 1,799 1,190 1,056 33.2 36.7
Larceny 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,394 1,307 689 695 27.3 31.3
Arson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 165 134 136 71.8 75.2
Transportation of stolen property . . . . 272 166 200 115 33.4 35.0
Drug offenses 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,206 24,472 22,352 22,744 75.5 83.6
Public-order offenses 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,585 4,398 2,989 3,135 45.8 43.6
Regulatory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,376 1,106 647 580 28.4 32.3
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,209 3,292 2,342 2,555 46.5 46.2
Tax law violations 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655 425 355 265 18.5 26.5
Escape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487 415 447 380 19.2 18.7
Racketeering and extortion . . . . . . . . 951 844 778 651 81.5 70.9
Nonviolent sex offenses . . . . . . . . . . 475 724 429 692 47.1 57.0
Obscene material 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 32 7 25 (B) 32.7
Weapon offenses 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,196 8,082 3,834 7,518 91.4 84.3
Immigration offenses 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,125 14,819 10,073 13,387 29.5 26.9
Misdemeanors 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,961 8,240 1,356 1,597 10.4 5.6
B Base figures too small to meet statistical standards for reliability of a derived figure. 1 Total may not equal the sum of
individual sanctions. 2 All sentences to incarceration, including split, mixed, life, and indeterminate sentences. 3 Excludes
sentences of life, death, and indeterminate sentences. 4 Includes offenses not shown separately. 5 Includes nonnegligent
manslaughter. 6 Excludes tax fraud. 7 Excludes transportation of stolen property. 8 Includes tax fraud. 9 Denotes the mail
or transport thereof. 10 Beginning in 2001, ‘‘Weapon and Immigration’’ offenses became major offense categories. Previously,
11
these offenses were classified within ‘‘Public-order offenses.’’ Includes misdemeanors, petty offenses, unknown offense
levels, and drug possession.
Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Federal Criminal Justice Trends,
2003, Series NCJ 205331, August 2006; <http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/cfjs03.htm>. Compendium of Federal Justice
Statistics, 2004, Series NCJ 213476, December 2006; <http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/cfjs04.htm>.
Most serious
1
offense of conviction 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
All offenses 2. . . . . . . . 10,674 10,162 10,889 10,521 10,535 10,251 9,162 11,281 11,569 11,968 12,517
Violent offenses 3 . . . . . . . . . 856 700 685 739 742 559 490 591 606 601 673
Property offenses . . . . . . . . . 1,949 1,767 2,093 1,972 1,947 1,739 1,482 1,681 1,726 1,842 1,873
Fraudulent 4 . . . . . . . . . . . 1,410 1,323 1,581 1,519 1,439 1,338 1,164 1,299 1,389 1,478 1,524
Other 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539 444 512 453 508 401 318 382 337 364 349
Drug offenses . . . . . . . . . . . 5,102 4,499 5,099 4,750 4,845 4,513 3,843 4,529 4,689 4,565 4,678
Public-order offenses . . . . . . 1,037 886 985 1,050 878 954 827 1,024 876 894 955
Regulatory . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 220 196 224 178 162 150 144 128 137 142
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749 666 789 826 700 792 677 880 642 757 813
Weapon offenses 6 . . . . . . . . 1,141 1,034 1,183 1,135 982 1,070 872 1,266 1,386 1,681 2,024
Immigration offenses 6 . . . . . 261 277 353 417 693 934 1,179 1,654 1,679 1,821 1,856
Unknown or indeterminable
offenses . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 328 999 491 458 448 482 469 536 607 564 458
1
Starting in 1999 and through the current data year, nonviolent sex offenses were reclassified from ‘‘Violent offenses’’ to
‘‘Public-order offenses.’’ 2 Include suspects whose offense category could not be determined. See Methodology for a listing of
3
detailed offense categories within each major offense category. In this table, ‘‘Violent offenses’’ may include nonnegligent
manslaughter; ‘‘Fraudulent property’’ excludes tax fraud; and ‘‘Other nonfraudulent property’’ excludes fraudulent property and
4
includes destruction of property and trespassing. Fraudulent property excludes tax fraud. 5 Excludes fraudulent property and
includes destruction of property and trespassing. 6 Beginning in 2001, ‘‘Weapon’’ and ‘‘Immigration’’ offenses became major
offense categories. Previously, these offenses were classified within ‘‘Public-order offenses.’’
Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Federal Criminal Justice Trends,
2003. Series NCJ 205331, August 2006. See also <http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/fcjt03.htm>; Compendium of Federal
Justice Statistics, 2004, Series NCJ 213476, December 2006; <http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/cfjs04.htm>.
Item 1980 1990 1995 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Jurisdictions: 1
With wiretap statutes . . . . .... 28 40 41 45 47 47 47 47 47 47
Reporting interceptions . . .... 22 25 19 26 20 24 20 23 24 25
Intercept applications
authorized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564 872 1,156 1,266 1,358 1,442 1,710 1,773 1,839 2,208
Intercept installations 2 . . . . . . . 524 812 1,024 1,139 1,273 1,367 1,633 1,694 1,714 2,119
Federal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 321 527 472 490 576 723 624 461 454
State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 491 497 667 783 791 910 1,070 1,253 1,665
Intercepted communications,
average 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,058 1,487 2,028 1,769 1,708 3,004 3,017 2,835 2,685 3,106
Incriminating average 3 . . . . . . 315 321 459 402 403 993 619 629 547 920
Persons arrested 4 . . . . . . . . . . . 1,871 2,057 2,577 3,411 3,060 3,674 4,506 4,674 4,376 4,830
Convictions 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 420 494 736 493 844 634 776 711 984
Major offense specified:
Gambling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 116 95 49 82 49 90 42 56 55
Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 520 732 894 1,052 1,104 1,308 1,433 1,473 1,792
Homicide and assault . . . . . . . 13 21 30 72 58 80 48 82 119 132
Racketeering . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 98 76 72 96 138 94 90 98
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 215 201 175 94 113 126 122 101 131
NA Not available 1 Jurisdictions include federal government, 44 states and the Virgin Islands, and the District of Columbia.
2
Based on the number of orders for which intercept devices were installed as reported by the prosecuting official. 3 Average per
authorized installation. 4 Based on information received from intercepts installed in year shown; additional arrests/convictions will
occur in subsequent years but are not shown here.
Source: Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, Report on Applications for Orders Authorizing or Approving the Interception
of Wire, Oral or Electronic Communications (Wiretap Report), annual. See also <http://www.uscourts.gov/wiretap07/contents.html>
(accessed April 2008).
Prosecution status 1980 1985 1990 1995 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Total: 1 Charged . . . . . . . . . . 727 1,157 1,176 1,051 1,134 1,000 1,087 1,136 1,150 1,213 1,163 1,150
Convicted . . . . . . . . . . . . 602 997 1,084 878 1,065 938 920 1,011 868 1,020 1,027 1,030
Awaiting trial . . . . . . . . . . 213 256 300 323 329 327 437 413 412 419 451 439
Federal officials: Charged . . 123 563 615 527 480 441 502 478 479 424 445 463
Convicted . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 470 583 438 460 422 414 429 421 381 390 407
Awaiting trial . . . . . . . . . . 16 90 103 120 101 92 131 119 129 98 118 112
Local officials: Charged . . . 247 248 257 236 237 211 224 299 259 268 309 291
Convicted . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 221 225 191 219 183 184 262 119 252 232 241
Awaiting trial . . . . . . . . . . 82 49 98 89 95 89 110 118 106 105 148 141
Others involved: Charged . . 285 267 208 227 302 256 266 249 318 410 313 295
Convicted . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 240 197 188 306 242 261 188 241 306 311 266
Awaiting trial . . . . . . . . . . 87 97 71 91 89 109 121 126 139 168 134 148
1
Includes individuals who are neither public officials nor employees, but were involved with public officials or employees in
violating the law, not shown separately.
Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Criminal Division, Federal Prosecutions of Corrupt Public Officials,1970−1980 and Report
to Congress on the Activities and Operations of the Public Integrity Section, annual; <http://www.usdoj.gov/criminal/pin/>.
Reason for referral 1990 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
All delinquency offenses . . 1,346 1,807 1,870 1,799 1,720 1,702 1,688 1,676 1,674 1,688 1,682
Case rate 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.5 63.0 63.4 60.3 56.9 55.4 54.3 53.4 53.1 53.5 53.2
Person offenses 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 398 413 404 396 391 402 401 408 416 428
Criminal homicide . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1
Forcible rape . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 6 5 5 4 4 5 4 5 4 4
Robbery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 42 36 30 26 22 22 21 22 21 26
Aggravated assault . . . . . . . . . 52 73 61 57 51 51 48 46 47 47 49
Property offenses 2 . . . . . . . . . . . 786 906 861 786 709 678 641 637 624 616 591
Burglary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 148 147 135 117 111 107 106 104 99 96
Larceny-theft . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349 432 406 360 326 314 293 292 284 283 262
Motor vehicle theft . . . . . . . . . 71 54 52 45 39 37 38 38 38 35 33
Arson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 11 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 8
Drug law violations . . . . . . . . . . . 71 162 189 188 188 196 203 192 191 196 194
Public-order offenses 2 . . . . . . . . 232 341 408 420 426 438 442 445 452 462 470
Obstruction of justice . . . . . . . . 89 137 192 212 209 215 217 214 217 216 225
Disorderly conduct . . . . . . . . . 56 91 92 89 96 100 104 114 116 125 128
Weapons offenses . . . . . . . . . 31 47 45 43 40 37 37 35 37 41 44
Liquor law violations . . . . . . . . 17 18 16 19 20 25 25 26 26 26 25
Nonviolent sex offenses . . . . . . 11 10 12 12 13 14 15 15 14 14 14
1 2
Number of cases disposed per 1,000 youth (ages 10 to 17) at risk of referral to juvenile court. Total include other offenses
not shown.
Source: National Center for Juvenile Justice, Pittsburgh, PA, Juvenile Court Statistics, annual. See also <http://www.ojjdp
.ncjrs.org/ojstatbb/index.html>.
Table 328. Delinquency Cases and Case Rates by Sex and Race: 1995 to 2005
[Data have been revised. See head note, Table 327]
1
Number of cases disposed Case rate
Sex, race, and offense
1995 2000 2005 1995 2000 2005
Male, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,401,800 1,271,100 1,221,600 95.1 80.6 75.5
Person . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299,600 281,600 301,000 20.3 17.9 18.6
Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701,000 506,200 429,600 47.6 32.1 26.5
Drugs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138,500 162,600 155,200 9.4 10.3 9.6
Public order. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262,600 320,600 335,900 17.8 20.3 20.8
Female, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405,500 431,200 460,300 29.0 28.8 29.9
Person . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,800 109,300 126,600 7.1 7.3 8.2
Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204,800 172,100 160,900 14.7 11.5 10.4
Drugs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,600 33,000 39,000 1.7 2.2 2.5
Public order. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,400 116,900 133,700 5.6 7.8 8.7
Table 330. Child Abuse and Neglect Cases Reported and Investigated
by State: 2006
[See headnote,Table 329]
Table 332. Detainees Under the Jurisdiction of the Bureau of Immigration and
Customs Enforcement (ICE): 2000 to 2006
[Data obtained from the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency through the Bureau of Justice Statistics’ (BJS)
National Prisoners Statistics program]
Supervision
rate per Community supervision Incarceration
Year
100,000
1 2 2
Total adults Probation Parole Jail Prison Male Female
1980 . . . . . . . . . . 1,840,400 1.1 1,118,097 220,438 182,288 319,598 (NA) (NA)
Table 336. Prisoners Under State or Federal Jurisdiction, by Sex: 1980 to 2006
[Prisoners, as of December 31. Includes all persons under jurisdiction of federal and state authorities rather than those in the
custody of such authorities. Represents inmates sentenced to maximum term of more than a year]
1 2 1 2
Year Total Rate State Male Female Year Total Rate State Male Female
1980 . . . 315,974 139 295,363 303,643 12,331 1996 . . . 1,137,722 427 1,048,907 1,068,123 69,599
1985 . . . 480,568 202 447,873 459,223 21,345 1997 . . . 1,195,498 445 1,100,511 1,121,663 73,835
1987 . . . 560,812 231 521,289 533,990 26,822 1998 . . . 1,245,402 461 1,141,720 1,167,802 77,600
1988 . . . 603,732 247 560,994 573,587 30,145 1999 . . . 1,304,074 476 1,189,799 1,221,611 82,463
3
1989 . . . 680,907 276 633,739 643,643 37,264 2000 . . . 1,331,278 470 1,204,323 1,246,234 85,044
1990 . . . 739,980 297 689,577 699,416 40,564 2001 . . . 1,345,217 470 1,208,708 1,260,033 85,184
1991 . . . 789,610 313 732,914 745,808 43,802 2002 . . . 1,380,516 476 1,237,476 1,291,450 89,066
1992 . . . 846,277 332 780,571 799,776 46,501 2003 . . . 1,408,361 482 1,256,442 1,315,790 92,571
1993 . . . 932,074 359 857,675 878,037 54,037 2004 . . . 1,433,728 486 1,274,591 1,337,730 95,998
1994 . . . 1,016,691 389 936,896 956,566 60,125 2005 . . . 1,527,929 491 1,340,311 1,420,303 107,626
1995 . . . 1,085,022 411 1,001,359 1,021,059 63,963 2006 . . . 1,570,861 501 1,377,815 1,458,363 112,498
1
Includes federal. 2 Rate per 100,000 estimated population. Based on U.S. Census Bureau estimated resident
population. 3 Decrease in incarceration rate from 1999 to 2000 due to use of new Census numbers.
Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Prisoners in 2006, Series NCJ
219416, annual; <http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/p06.htm>.
Characteristic 1980 1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Total 1, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 688 2,346 3,064 3,465 3,540 3,601 3,577 3,562 3,377 3,320 3,245 3,228
White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418 1,368 1,732 1,917 1,960 1,989 1,968 1,939 1,882 1,856 1,802 1,802
Black and other . . . . . . . . . . . 270 978 1,332 1,548 1,580 1,612 1,609 1,623 1,495 1,464 1,443 1,426
Under 20 years old . . . . . . . . . 11 8 20 16 16 11 4 4 1 1 − −
20 to 24 years old. . . . . . . . . . 173 168 264 273 251 237 192 153 133 95 61 51
25 to 34 years old. . . . . . . . . . 334 1,110 1,068 1,108 1,108 1,103 1,099 1,058 965 896 816 735
35 to 54 years old. . . . . . . . . . 186 1,006 1,583 1,897 1,958 2,019 2,043 2,069 1,969 1,977 2,012 2,043
55 years old and over . . . . . . . 10 64 119 171 194 223 243 273 306 345 365 399
Years of school completed:
7 years or less . . . . . . . . . . 68 178 191 208 201 214 212 215 213 207 192 186
8 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 186 195 218 221 233 236 234 227 221 206 195
9 to 11 years . . . . . . . . . . . 204 775 979 1,122 1,142 1,157 1,145 1,130 1,073 1,053 1,030 1,015
12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 729 995 1,128 1,157 1,184 1,183 1,173 1,108 1,091 1,105 1,098
More than 12 years . . . . . . . 43 209 272 301 307 315 304 294 270 262 256 248
Unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 279 422 488 499 490 501 511 483 480 465 486
Marital status:
Never married. . . . . . . . . . . 268 998 1,412 1,645 1,689 1,749 1,763 1,746 1,641 1,622 1,586 1,577
Married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 632 718 752 731 739 716 709 684 658 649 626
Divorced 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 726 924 1,068 1,107 1,105 1,102 1,102 1,049 1,034 1,019 1,025
Time elapsed since sentencing:
Less than 12 months . . . . . . 185 231 287 293 259 208 151 147 137 117 122 105
12 to 47 months . . . . . . . . . 389 753 784 816 800 786 734 609 495 421 399 382
48 to 71 months . . . . . . . . . 102 438 423 482 499 507 476 468 451 388 299 262
72 months and over . . . . . . . 38 934 1,560 1,874 1,969 2,092 2,220 2,333 2,291 2,388 2,434 2,479
Legal status at arrest:
Not under sentence . . . . . . . 384 1,345 1,764 2,036 2,088 2,202 2,189 2,165 2,048 2,026 1,979 1,952
Parole or probation 4 . . . . . . 115 578 866 879 886 921 918 909 845 809 792 778
Prison or escaped . . . . . . . . 45 128 110 127 125 126 135 141 137 145 144 142
Unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 305 314 423 428 344 339 342 344 334 339 356
− Represents zero. 1 Revisions to the total number of prisoners were not carried to the characteristics except for race.
2
Includes races not shown separately. 3 Includes persons married but separated, widows, widowers, and unknown. 4 Includes
prisoners on mandatory conditional release, work release, other leave, AWOL, or bail. Covers 28 prisoners in 1990, 33 in 1995,
26 in 1998, 21 in 1999 and 2000, and 17 in 2001, 2002, and 2003; 15 in 2004; and 14 in 2005 and 2006.
Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Capital Punishment, Series NCJ
220219, annual. See also <http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/cp.htm>.
Status 1980 1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Under sentence of death, Jan. 1 . . . . . 595 2,243 2,905 3,328 3,465 3,540 3,601 3,577 3,562 3,377 3,320 3,245
Received death sentence 1 . . . . . . . . 203 244 310 285 272 214 155 159 144 125 128 115
White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 147 168 145 157 122 89 83 92 75 70 72
Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 94 138 132 104 86 61 73 44 50 52 42
Dispositions other than executions . . . 101 108 105 93 112 76 109 108 267 129 134 79
Executions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . − 23 56 68 98 85 66 71 65 59 60 53
Under sentence of death, Dec. 31 1, 2 . 697 2,356 3,054 3,452 3,527 3,593 3,581 3,557 3,374 3,314 3,254 3,228
White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 1,375 1,730 1,906 1,948 1,990 1,969 1,931 1,878 1,850 1,805 1,802
Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 943 1,275 1,486 1,514 1,535 1,538 1,554 1,418 1,390 1,372 1,352
− Represents zero. 1 Includes races other than White or Black. 2
Revisions to total number of prisoners under death
sentence not carried to this category.
Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Capital Punishment, annual.
Series NCJ 220219. See also <http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/html/cp/2006/cp06st.htm>.
Table 339. Prisoners Executed Under Civil Authority by Sex and Race:
1930 to 2007
[Excludes executions by military authorities. The Army (including the Air Force) carried out 160 (148 between 1942 and 1950; 3
each in 1954, 1955, and 1957; and 1 each in 1958, 1959, and 1961). Of the total, 106 were executed for murder (including 21
involving rape), 53 for rape, and 1 for desertion. The Navy carried out no executions during the period]
Table 340. Prisoners Executed Under Civil Authority by State: 1977 to 2007
[Alaska, District of Columbia, Hawaii, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, North Dakota, Rhode Island,
Vermont, West Virginia, and Wisconsin are jurisdictions without a death penalty]
Table 342. Fires—Number and Loss by Type and Property Use: 2003 to 2006
[1,584 represents 1,584,000 and property loss of 12,367 represents $12,367,000,000. Based on annual sample survey of fire
departments. No adjustments were made for unreported fires and losses]
1
Number (1,000) Direct property loss (mil. dol.)
Type and property use
2003 2004 2005 2006 2003 2004 2005 2006
Fires, total. . . . . . . . . . 1,584 1,550 1,602 1,642 12,367 9,794 10,672 11,307
Table 343. Fires and Property Loss for Incendiary and Suspicious Fires and
Civilian Fire Deaths and Injuries by Selected Property Type:
2003 to 2006
[520 represents 520,000. Based on sample survey of fire departments]
Characteristic 2003 2004 2005 2006 Characteristic 2003 2004 2005 2006
NUMBER CIVILIAN FIRE DEATHS
(1,000)
Deaths, total 2 . . . . . . . . 3,925 3,900 3,675 3,245
Structure fires, total . . . . 520 526 511 524 Residential property . . . . . . 3,165 3,225 3,055 2,620
1- and 2-family dwellings . 2,735 2,680 2,575 2,155
Structure fires that were Apartments . . . . . . . . . . 410 510 460 425
intentionally set . . . . . . . 38 37 32 31 Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 550 520 490
1
PROPERTY LOSS CIVILIAN FIRE INJURIES
(mil. dol.)
Injuries, total 2 . . . . . . . . 18,125 17,785 17,925 16,400
Structure fires, total . . . . 8,678 8,314 9,193 9,636 Residential property . . . . . . 14,075 14,175 13,825 12,925
1- and 2-family dwellings . 10,000 10,500 10,300 8,800
Structure fires that were Apartments . . . . . . . . . . 3,650 3,200 3,000 3,700
intentionally set . . . . . . . 692 714 664 775 Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,600 1,500 1,650 1,200
1 2
Direct property loss only. Includes other not shown separately.
Source: National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA, ‘‘2006 U.S. Fire Loss,’’ NFPA Journal, November 2007, and prior
issues (copyright 2007); <http://www.nfpa.org/index.asp>.
This section presents a variety of informa- In a joint project with the U.S. Census
tion on the physical environment of the Bureau, during the 1980s, the USGS pro-
United States, starting with basic area vided the basic information on geo-
measurement data and ending with cli- graphic features for input into a national
matic data for selected weather stations geographic and cartographic database
around the country. The subjects covered prepared by the Census Bureau, called
between those points are mostly con- TIGER® database. Since then, using a vari-
cerned with environmental trends but ety of sources, the Census Bureau has
include related subjects such as land use, updated these features and their related
water consumption, air pollutant emis- attributes (names, descriptions, etc.) and
sions, toxic releases, oil spills, hazardous inserted current information on the
waste sites, municipal waste and recy- boundaries, names, and codes of legal
cling, threatened and endangered wildlife, and statistical geographic entities; very
and the environmental industry. few of these updates added aerial water
features. Maps prepared by the Census
The information in this section is selected Bureau using the TIGER® database show
from a wide range of federal agencies the names and boundaries of entities and
that compile the data for various adminis- are available on a current basis.
trative or regulatory purposes, such as
the Environmental Protection Agency An inventory of the nation’s land
(EPA), U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), resources by type of use/cover was con-
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin- ducted by the National Resources Inven-
istration (NOAA), Natural Resources Con- tory Conservation Services (NRCS) every
servation Service (NRCS), and National 5 years beginning in 1977 through 1997.
Atlas® of the United States. New informa- Beginning with the release of the 2001
tion on border lengths with Canada and estimates, this program shifted to
Mexico, coastlines, lakes, and shorelines become an annual release of land use
may be found in Tables 350−352. data. The most recent survey results,
which were published for the year 2003,
Area—For the 2000 census, area mea- covered all nonfederal land for the con-
surements were calculated by computer tiguous 48 states. Tables 350 to 352 pro-
based on the information contained in a vide results from the survey.
single, consistent geographic database,
the Topologically Integrated Geographic Environment —The principal federal
Encoding & Referencing system (TIGER®) agency responsible for pollution abate-
database, rather than relying on histori- ment and control activities is the Environ-
cal, local, and manually calculated infor- mental Protection Agency (EPA). It is
mation. Information from the 2000 cen- responsible for establishing and monitor-
sus may be found in Table 344. ing national air quality standards, water
quality activities, solid and hazardous
Geography—The USGS conducts investi- waste disposal, and control of toxic sub-
gations, surveys, and research in the stances. Many of these series now appear
fields of geography, geology, topography, in the Envirofacts portion of the EPA Web
geographic information systems, mineral- site at <http://www.epa.gov/enviro/>.
ogy, hydrology, and geothermal energy
resources as well as natural hazards. The The Clean Air Act, which was last
USGS provides United States cartographic amended in 1990, requires the EPA to set
data through the Earth Sciences Informa- National Ambient Air Quality Standards
tion Center, water resources data through (NAAQS) (CFR part 50) for pollutants con-
the Water Resources of the United States sidered harmful to public health and the
at <http://water.usgs.gov/pubs/>. environment. The EPA Office of Air Quality
United States. . 3,794,083 9,826,675 3,537,438 9,161,966 256,645 664,710 78,797 42,225 60,251 75,372
Alabama . . . . . . . 52,419 135,765 50,744 131,426 1,675 4,338 956 519 (X) 200
Alaska . . . . . . . . 663,267 1,717,854 571,951 1,481,347 91,316 236,507 17,243 27,049 (X) 47,024
Arizona . . . . . . . . 113,998 295,254 113,635 294,312 364 942 364 − (X) −
Arkansas . . . . . . . 53,179 137,732 52,068 134,856 1,110 2,876 1,110 − (X) −
California. . . . . . . 163,696 423,970 155,959 403,933 7,736 20,037 2,674 222 (X) 4,841
Colorado . . ..... 104,094 269,601 103,718 268,627 376 974 376 − (X) −
Connecticut ..... 5,543 14,357 4,845 12,548 699 1,809 161 538 (X) −
Delaware. . ..... 2,489 6,447 1,954 5,060 536 1,388 72 371 (X) 93
District of
Columbia . ..... 68 177 61 159 7 18 7 − (X) −
Florida . . . ..... 65,755 170,304 53,927 139,670 11,828 30,634 4,672 1,311 (X) 5,845
Georgia. . . ..... 59,425 153,909 57,906 149,976 1,519 3,933 1,016 48 (X) 455
Massachusetts . . . 10,555 27,336 7,840 20,306 2,715 7,031 423 977 (X) 1,314
Michigan . . . . . . . 96,716 250,494 56,804 147,121 39,912 103,372 1,611 − 38,301 −
Minnesota . . . . . . 86,939 225,171 79,610 206,189 7,329 18,982 4,783 − 2,546 −
Mississippi . . . . . . 48,430 125,434 46,907 121,489 1,523 3,945 785 590 (X) 148
Missouri . . . . . . . 69,704 180,533 68,886 178,414 818 2,120 818 − (X) −
Montana . . . . . . . 147,042 380,838 145,552 376,979 1,490 3,859 1,490 − (X) −
Nebraska . . . . . . 77,354 200,345 76,872 199,099 481 1,247 481 − (X) −
Nevada . . . . . . . . 110,561 286,351 109,826 284,448 735 1,903 735 − (X) −
New Hampshire . . 9,350 24,216 8,968 23,227 382 989 314 − (X) 68
New Jersey . . . . . 8,721 22,588 7,417 19,211 1,304 3,377 396 401 (X) 507
New Mexico . . . . . 121,590 314,915 121,356 314,309 234 606 234 − (X) −
New York . . . . . . 54,556 141,299 47,214 122,283 7,342 19,016 1,895 981 3,988 479
North Carolina . . . 53,819 139,389 48,711 126,161 5,108 13,229 3,960 − (X) 1,148
North Dakota . . . . 70,700 183,112 68,976 178,647 1,724 4,465 1,724 − (X) −
Ohio . . . . . . . . . . 44,825 116,096 40,948 106,056 3,877 10,040 378 − 3,499 −
Oklahoma . . . . . . 69,898 181,036 68,667 177,847 1,231 3,189 1,231 − (X) −
Oregon . . . . . . . . 98,381 254,805 95,997 248,631 2,384 6,174 1,050 80 (X) 1,254
Pennsylvania . . . . 46,055 119,283 44,817 116,075 1,239 3,208 490 − 749 −
Rhode Island . . . . 1,545 4,002 1,045 2,706 500 1,295 178 9 (X) 314
South Carolina . . . 32,020 82,932 30,110 77,983 1,911 4,949 1,008 72 (X) 831
South Dakota . . . . 77,117 199,731 75,885 196,540 1,232 3,191 1,232 − (X) −
Tennessee . . . . . . 42,143 109,151 41,217 106,752 926 2,399 926 − (X) −
Texas . . . . . . . . . 268,581 695,621 261,797 678,051 6,784 17,570 5,056 404 (X) 1,324
Utah . . . . . . . . . . 84,899 219,887 82,144 212,751 2,755 7,136 2,755 − (X) −
Vermont . . . . . . . 9,614 24,901 9,250 23,956 365 945 365 − (X) −
Virginia . . . . . . . . 42,774 110,785 39,594 102,548 3,180 8,237 1,006 1,728 (X) 446
Washington . . . . . 71,300 184,665 66,544 172,348 4,756 12,317 1,553 2,537 (X) 666
West Virginia . . . . 24,230 62,755 24,078 62,361 152 394 152 − (X) −
Wisconsin . . . . . . 65,498 169,639 54,310 140,663 11,188 28,976 1,830 − 9,358 −
Wyoming . . . . . . . 97,814 253,336 97,100 251,489 713 1,847 713 − (X) −
Puerto Rico . . . . . . . 5,325 13,790 3,425 8,870 1,900 4,921 (NA) (NA) (X) (NA)
Island Areas: . . . . . . 3,866 10,014 600 1,554 3,266 8,460 (NA) (NA) (X) (NA)
American Samoa . 584 1,511 77 200 506 1,311 (NA) (NA) (X) (NA)
Guam . . . . . . . . . 571 1,478 210 544 361 934 (NA) (NA) (X) (NA)
No. Mariana
Islands . . . . . . . 1,975 5,114 179 464 1,796 4,651 (NA) (NA) (X) (NA)
Virgin Islands of
the U.S.. . . . . . . 737 1,910 134 346 604 1,564 (NA) (NA) (X) (NA)
Length of Length of
interna- interna-
State tional State tional
border border
(statute (statute
miles)1 miles)1
United States−Canada total . . . . . . . . . . 5,525 Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,585 Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611 Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721
Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547 United States−Mexico total . . . . . . . . . . 1,933
Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545 Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . 373
New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 California . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . 140
New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . 180
North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . 1,241
1
Statute mile equals one mile.
Source: U.S. Geological Survey, The National Atlas of the United States, Borders; <http://nationalatlas.gov/articles/mapping
/a_general.html>.
Table 348. Flows of Largest U.S. Rivers—Length, Discharge, and Drainage Area
Average
discharge
Source stream at mouth
River Location of mouth (1,000 Drainage
(name and location)
cubic ft. area
Length per (1,000
(miles) 1 second) sq. mi.)
2
Missouri . . . . . . . . . . Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . Red Rock Creek, MT . . . . . . . . . . . 2,540 76.2 2, 5 529
2 4
Mississippi. . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi River, MN . . . . . . . . . . . 2,340 593 1,150
2
Yukon . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . McNeil River, Canada . . . . . . . . . . . 1,980 225 328
2
St. Lawrence . . . . . . . Canada . . . . . . . . . . . North River, MN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,900 348 396
Rio Grande . . . . . . . . Mexico-Texas . . . . . . . Rio Grande, CO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,900 (7) 336
Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . East Fork Arkansas River, CO . . . . . 1,460 41 161
Colorado . . . . . . . . . . Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado River, CO . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,450 (7) 246
Atchafalaya 6 . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . Tierra Blanca Creek, NM. . . . . . . . . 1,420 58 95.1
Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois-Kentucky . . . . . Allegheny River, PA . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,310 281 203
Red . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . Tierra Blanca Creek, NM. . . . . . . . . 1,290 56 93.2
Brazos . . . . . . . . . . . Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . Blackwater Draw, NM . . . . . . . . . . . 1,280 (7) 45.6
2
Columbia. . . . . . . . . . Oregon-Washington . . . Columbia River, Canada . . . . . . . . . 1,240 265 258
Snake. . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . Snake River, WY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,040 56.9 108
Platte . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . Grizzly Creek, CO . . . . . . . . . . . . . 990 (7) 84.9
Pecos . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . Pecos River, NM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 926 (7) 44.3
Canadian . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . Canadian River, CO . . . . . . . . . . . . 906 (7) 46.9
Tennessee. . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . Courthouse Creek, NC . . . . . . . . . . 886 68 40.9
Colorado (of Texas). . . Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado River, TX. . . . . . . . . . . . . 862 (7) 42.3
North Canadian . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . Corrumpa Creek, NM . . . . . . . . . . . 800 (7) 17.6
Mobile . . . . . . . . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . Tickanetley Creek, GA . . . . . . . . . . 774 67.2 44.6
Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . Arikaree River, CO . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743 (7) 59.5
Kuskokwim . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . South Fork Kuskokwim River, AK . . . 724 67 48
Yellowstone . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . North Folk Yellowstone River, WY . . . 692 (7) 70
Tanana . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . Nabesna River, AK. . . . . . . . . . . . . 659 41 44.5
Gila . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . Middle Fork Gila River, NM . . . . . . . 649 (7) 58.2
Porcupine . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . Porcupine River, Canada. . . . . . . . . 569 23 45.1
Susquehanna. . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . Hayden Creek, NY . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447 38.2 27.2
2
Stikine . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . Stikine River, Canada . . . . . . . . . . . 379 56 20
Susitna . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . Susitna River, AK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 51 20
Willamette . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . Middle Fork Willamette River, OR . . . 309 37.4 11.4
Copper . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . Copper River, AK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 59 24.4
Nushagak . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . Nushagak River, AK . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 36 13.4
1
From source to mouth. 2 Drainage area includes both the United States and Canada. 3 The length from the source of
the Missouri River to the Mississippi River and thence to the Gulf of Mexico is about 3,710 miles. 4 Includes about 167,000 cubic
ft. per second diverted from the Mississippi into the Atchafalaya River but excludes the flow of the Red River. 5 Excludes the
drainage areas of the Red and Atchafalaya Rivers. 6 In east-central Louisiana, the Red River flows into the Atchafalaya River,
a distributary of the Mississippi River. Data on average discharge, length, and drainage area include the Red River, but exclude
all water diverted into the Atchafalaya from the Mississippi River. 7 Less than 15,000 cubic feet per second.
Source: U.S. Geological Survey, ‘‘Largest Rivers in the United States,’’ <http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/ofr87-242/>.
AL . . . . . . . . . . Cheaha Mountain . . . . . . . . 2,407 734 Gulf of Mexico . . . . . . (1) (1) 500 153
AK . . . . . . . . . . Mount McKinley . . . . . . . . . 20,320 6,198 Pacific Ocean . . . . . . . (1) (1) 1,900 580
AZ . . . . . . . . . . Humphreys Peak. . . . . . . . . 12,633 3,853 Colorado River . . . . . . 70 21 4,100 1,251
AR . . . . . . . . . . Magazine Mountain . . . . . . . 2,753 840 Ouachita River . . . . . . 55 17 650 198
CA . . . . . . . . . . Mount Whitney . . . . . . . . . . 14,494 4,419 Death Valley. . . . . . . . −282 −86 2,900 885
CO . . . . . . . . . . Mt. Elbert. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,433 4,402 Arikaree River. . . . . . . 3,315 1,011 6,800 2,074
CT . . . . . . . . . . Mt. Frissell on south slope . . 2,380 726 Long Island Sound . . . (1) (1) 500 153
Puerto Rico . . . . . . Cerro de Punta . . . . . . . . . . 4,390 1,339 Atlantic Ocean . . . . . . (1) (1) 1,800 549
American Samoa . . Lata Mountain . . . . . . . . . . 3,160 964 Pacific Ocean . . . . . . . (1) (1) 1,300 397
Guam . . . . . . . . . Mount Lamlam . . . . . . . . . . 1,332 406 Pacific Ocean . . . . . . . (1) (1) 330 101
U.S. Virgin Islands . Crown Mountain . . . . . . . . . 1,556 475 Atlantic Ocean . . . . . . (1) (1) 750 229
1 2
Z Less than 0.5 meter. Sea level. At DE-PA state line.
Source: U.S. Geological Survey, for highest and lowest points, ‘‘Elevations and Distances in the United States’’ at
<http://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html> (released 29 April 2005). For mean elevations see, Elevations and
Distances in the United States, 1983 edition.
Table 351. Wetlands on Nonfederal Land and Water Areas by Land Cover/Use
and Farm Production Region: 2003
[In thousands of acres (110,760 represents 110,760,000). Represents palustrine and estuarine wetlands; see source]
Other
Farm production region 1 Crop- Forest Range- rural Developed Water
Total land 2 land land land land area
Wetlands, total . . . . 110,760 16,730 65,440 7,740 15,800 1,590 3,460
Lake states . . . . . . . . . 22,460 2,710 15,480 − 3,880 160 230
Southeast . . . . . . . . . . 22,360 940 16,010 970 3,460 420 560
Delta states. . . . . . . . . 17,950 3,240 11,020 270 2,730 190 500
Northeast . . . . . . . . . . 14,150 1,250 10,890 − 1,550 240 220
Northern plains . . . . . . 7,640 3,020 210 2,870 1,090 80 370
Appalachian . . . . . . . . 7,460 400 6,080 − 570 110 300
Southern plains . . . . . . 5,590 970 2,350 970 520 230 550
Mountain . . . . . . . . . . 4,780 1,570 220 2,010 820 30 130
Corn belt . . . . . . . . . . 4,690 1,330 2,440 − 380 100 440
Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,680 1,300 740 650 800 30 160
1
− Represents or rounds to zero. Ten regions established by USDA, Economic Research Service, that group states
2
according to differences in soils, slope of land, climate, distance to market, and storage and marketing facilities. Includes
pastureland and Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) lands.
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, 2003 Annual National Resources Inventory.
See also <http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/>.
Table 354. U.S. Water Withdrawals Per Day by End Use: 1940 to 2000
[(140 represents 140,000,000,000). Includes the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands. Withdrawal
signifies water physically withdrawn from a source. Includes fresh and saline water; excludes water used for hydroelectric power]
Industrial Steam
Per Public and electric
Year
Total capita 1 Irrigation supply Rural misc. 4 utilities
(bil. gal.) (gal.) (bil. gal.) (bil. gal.) 2 (bil. gal.) 3 (bil. gal.) (bil. gal.)
1940 . . . . . . . . 140 1,027 71 10 3.1 29 23
1950 . . . . . . . . 180 1,185 89 14 3.6 37 40
1955 . . . . . . . . 240 1,454 110 17 3.6 39 72
1960 . . . . . . . . 270 1,500 110 21 3.6 38 100
1965 . . . . . . . . 310 1,602 120 24 4.0 46 130
1970 . . . . . . . . 370 1,815 130 27 4.5 47 170
1975 . . . . . . . . 420 1,972 140 29 4.9 45 200
1980 . . . . . . . . 440 1,953 150 34 5.6 45 210
1985 . . . . . . . . 399 1,650 137 38 7.8 31 187
1990 . . . . . . . . 408 1,620 137 41 7.9 30 195
1995 . . . . . . . . 402 1,500 134 40 8.9 29 190
2000 . . . . . . . . 408 1,430 137 43 9.2 23 196
1
Based on U.S. Census Bureau resident population as of July 1. 2 Includes commercial water withdrawals. 3 Rural farm
and nonfarm household and garden use, and water for farm stock and dairies. 4 For 1940 to 1960, includes manufacturing and
mineral industries, rural commercial industries, air-conditioning, resorts, hotels, motels, military, and other state and federal
agencies, and miscellaneous; thereafter, includes manufacturing, mining and mineral processing, ordnance, construction, and
miscellaneous.
Source: 1940−1960, U.S. Bureau of Domestic Business Development, based principally on committee prints, Water
Resources Activities in the United States, for the Senate Committee on National Water Resources, U.S. Senate, thereafter, U.S.
Geological Survey, Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 2000, circular 1268. See also <http://water.usgs.gov/pubs/circ
/2004/circ1268/> (released 12 March 2004).
Source:
Tankship . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 55 38 35 608,176 4,753 4,450 636,834
Tankbarge . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 126 156 143 133,540 30,219 102,874 215,822
All other vessels . . . . . . . . 5,220 1,635 1,521 1,527 291,927 212,410 103,481 453,901
Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,054 1,219 1,083 1,099 311,604 198,718 78,202 42,675
Pipelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 − 1 1 17,021 − 14,952 15,000
All other nonvessels . . . . . 566 67 56 37 45,136 2,153 361 12,781
Unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,149 1,395 1,337 1,055 23,966 190,630 96,819 39,700
− Represents zero.
Source: U.S. Coast Guard, Pollution Incidents In and Around U.S. Waters, A Spill/Release Compendium: 1969−2004
<http://www.uscg.mil/hq/g-m/nmc/response/stats/ac.htm>.
Table 356. Hazardous Waste Generated, Shipped, and Received by State and
Other Area: 2005
[In thousands of tons (38,347.0 represents 38,347,000). Covers hazardous wastes regulated under the Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976 as amended. Generation quantities exclude hazardous waste received from off site for
storage/bulking and subsequently transferred off site for treatment or disposal is excluded from generation quantities. For further
information on coverage, see source]
Monitoring
Pollutant Unit stations, Air quality
number standard 1 1990 1995 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006
2
Carbon monoxide . . . . ppm . . . . 243 9 6.0 4.8 3.5 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.3
3
Ozone . . . . . . . . . . . . ppm . . . . 588 0.075 0.085 0.088 0.080 0.080 0.073 0.078 0.077
4
Sulfur dioxide . . . . . . . ppm . . . . 295 0.03 0.0081 0.0055 0.0049 0.0043 0.0041 0.0042 0.0038
Particulates (PM-10). . . µg/m3 . . . 391 5
150 79.1 66.4 60.8 59.5 52.3 55.8 55.3
Fine particulates
(PM-2.5) . . . . . . . . . . µg/m3 . . . 752 6
15 (NA) (NA) 13.5 12.2 11.8 12.8 11.6
7
Nitrogen dioxide . . . . . ppm . . . . 170 0.053 0.020 0.019 0.017 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.014
Lead . . . . . . . . . . . . . µg/m3 . . . 44 8
1.5 0.13 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.06
NA Not available. 1 Refers to the primary National Ambient Air Quality Standard. 2 Based on 8-hour standard of 9 ppm.
3
Based on annual standard of 0.03 ppm. 4 Based on 8-hour standard of 0.075 ppm. On March 12, 2008, EPA revised the level
of the primary and secondary 8-hour ozone standards to 0.075 ppm. 5 Based on 24-hour (daily) standard of 150 mg/m3. The
particulates (PM-10) standard replaced the previous standard for total suspended particulates in 1987. In 2006, EPA revoked the
annual PM-10 standard. 6 Based on annual standard of 15 mg/m3. The PM-2.5 national monitoring network was deployed in
1999. National trend data prior to that time is not available. 7 Based on annual standard of 0.053 ppm. 8 Based on 3-month
standard of 1.5 µg/m3.
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Latest Findings on National Air Quality - Status and Trends through 2006;
released January 2008; <http://www.epa.gov/air/airtrends/2007/index.html>.
Table 358. Selected National Air Pollutant Emissions: 1970 to 2005
[In thousands of tons (12,184 represents 12,184,000), except as indicated. PM-10 is equal to or less than ten microns in
diameter; PM-2.5 is equal to or less than 2.5 microns effective diameter. Methodologies to estimate data for 1970 to 1980 period
and 1985 to present emissions differ. Beginning with 1985, the methodology for more recent years is described in the document
available at <http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2002inventory.html>]
Volatile
Year PM-10, PM-2.5, Sulfur Nitrogen organic Carbon Lead
PM-10 misc.1 PM-2.5 misc.1 dioxide dioxide compounds monoxide (tons)2
1970 . . . . . . 12,184 839 (NA) (NA) 31,218 26,883 34,659 204,043 220,869
1975 . . . . . . 6,987 569 (NA) (NA) 28,043 26,337 30,765 188,398 159,659
1980 . . . . . . 6,161 852 (NA) (NA) 25,925 27,079 31,106 185,407 74,153
1985 . . . . . . 3,588 37,736 (NA) (NA) 23,307 25,757 27,404 176,844 22,890
1990 . . . . . . 3,216 24,536 2,326 5,233 23,076 25,529 24,108 154,186 4,975
1995 . . . . . . 3,054 22,765 2,203 4,726 18,619 24,956 22,041 126,777 3,929
1999 . . . . . . 2,395 20,179 1,897 4,504 17,545 22,845 18,270 114,541 3,356
2000 . . . . . . 2,319 20,642 1,821 4,681 16,347 22,598 17,512 114,467 (NA)
2001 . . . . . . 2,362 20,573 1,840 4,382 15,932 21,549 17,111 106,262 (NA)
2002 . . . . . . 2,340 16,095 1,308 1,795 14,728 21,186 20,749 114,592 1,640
2003 . . . . . . 2,312 15,556 1,304 1,750 15,122 20,392 20,141 112,008 (NA)
2004 . . . . . . 2,285 15,018 1,300 1,705 14,761 19,490 19,533 109,426 (NA)
2005 . . . . . . 2,258 14,479 1,297 1,660 14,709 18,878 18,925 106,843 (NA)
NA Not available. 1 Sources such as agricultural tilling, construction, mining and quarrying, paved roads, unpaved roads,
and wind erosion. 2 Beginning 1996, lead and lead compounds are inventoried through the hazardous air pollutants (HAPs)
portion of the National Emission Inventory (NEI) every three years.
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Emissions Inventory (NEI) Air Pollution Emissions Trends Data,
1970−2002. See also <http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/trends/index.html#tables>; Air and Radiation; Air Trends. See also <http://www
.epa.gov/airtrends/reports.html>.
Table 359. Selected Air Pollutant Emissions by Pollutant and Source: 2003
[In thousands of tons, except as indicated (17,868 represents 17,868,000. See headnote, Table 358]
Volatile
Source Sulfur Nitrogen organic Carbon
1
PM-10 PM-2.5 dioxide dioxide compounds monoxide
Total emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,868 3,054 15,122 20,392 20,141 112,008
Fuel combustion, stationary sources . . . . . . . . . 529 284 13,192 7,169 1,730 5,463
Electric utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 118 10,846 4,390 50 666
Industrial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 115 1,795 2,072 154 1,263
Other fuel combustion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 52 551 707 1,526 3,534
Residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,282 595 1,099 1,045 7,236 3,889
Chemical and allied product manufacturing . . . 37 28 261 71 248 291
Metals processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 45 219 71 48 1,013
Petroleum and related industries . . . . . . . . . . 23 16 256 336 583 342
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 854 258 332 431 437 503
Solvent utilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6 − 7 4,297 5
Storage and transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 19 5 19 1,230 123
Waste disposal and recycling . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 224 26 110 393 1,613
Highway vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 142 240 7,750 4,458 60,744
Off highway 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 283 463 4,218 3,007 24,111
Miscellaneous 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,556 1,750 128 210 3,709 17,801
− Rounds to zero. 1 Represents both PM-10 and PM-10 fugitive dust; see Table 358. 2 Includes emissions from farm
tractors and other farm machinery, construction equipment, industrial machinery, recreational marine vessels, and small general
3
utility engines such as lawn mowers. Includes emissions such as from forest fires and other kinds of burning, various
agricultural activities, fugitive dust from paved and unpaved roads, and other construction and mining activities, and natural
sources.
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Emissions Inventory (NEI) Air Pollution Emissions Trends Data,
1970−2002. See also <http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/trends/index.html#tables>; Air and Radiation; Air Trends. See also <http://www
.epa.gov/airtrends/reports.html>.
Item and material 1980 1990 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006
Waste generated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151.6 205.2 238.3 240.4 249.2 248.2 251.3
Per person per day (lb.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.6 4.6
Total materials recovery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.5 33.2 69.3 74.9 77.9 79.1 81.8
Per person per day (lb.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.7 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5
Combustion with energy recovery . . . . . . . 2.7 29.7 33.7 33.7 34.4 33.4 31.4
Per person per day (lb.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
Discards to landfill, other disposal . . . . . . . 134.4 142.3 135.3 131.9 136.9 135.6 138.2
Per person per day (lb.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 3.1 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.5
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
OF GENERATION
Total materials in products . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.8 71.4 74.3 73.7 73.9 73.3 73.2
Paper and paperboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.4 35.4 36.8 34.5 35.1 34.3 33.9
Glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.0 6.4 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.3
Metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 8.1 7.7 7.8 7.5 7.5 7.6
Plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 8.3 10.6 11.5 11.7 11.7 11.7
Rubber and leather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6
Textiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 2.8 4.0 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.7
Wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 6.0 5.5 5.7 5.5 5.6 5.5
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8
Total other waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.2 28.6 25.7 26.3 26.1 26.7 26.8
Food wastes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 10.1 11.4 11.7 11.9 12.3 12.4
Yard wastes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.1 17.1 12.8 13.1 12.7 12.9 12.9
Other wastes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
Source: Franklin Associates, a Division of ERG, Prairie Village, KS, Municipal Solid Waste in the United States: 2006 Facts
and Figures. See also <http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/muncpl/msw99.htm>.
Item and material 1980 1990 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006
1
Waste generated, total . .
..... . 151.6 205.2 238.3 240.4 249.2 248.2 251.3
Paper and paperboard . . . . . . . . .
..... . 55.2 72.7 87.7 83.0 87.6 85.1 85.3
Glass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..... . 15.1 13.1 12.6 12.3 12.7 12.8 13.2
Metals: Ferrous . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..... . 12.6 12.6 13.5 14.0 14.0 13.8 14.2
Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..... . 1.7 2.8 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3
Other nonferrous . . . . . . . . . . .
..... . 1.2 1.1 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7
Plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..... . 6.8 17.1 25.3 27.6 29.2 29.0 29.5
Food, other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..... . 13.0 20.8 27.1 28.2 29.7 30.5 31.3
Yard trimmings . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..... . 27.5 35.0 30.5 31.5 31.8 32.1 32.4
Materials recovered, total 1 . . . . . . 14.5 33.2 69.3 74.9 77.9 79.1 81.8
Paper and paperboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.7 20.2 37.6 40.0 40.8 42.0 44.0
Glass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 2.6 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.9
Metals: Ferrous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 2.2 4.6 5.1 5.1 4.9 5.1
Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7
Other nonferrous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.7 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2
Plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.4 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.8 2.0
Food, other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Z) (Z) 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7
Yard trimings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Z) 4.2 15.8 18.3 19.8 19.9 20.1
Percent of generation recovered,
total 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 16.2 29.1 31.1 31.3 31.9 32.5
Paper and paperboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3 27.8 42.8 48.2 46.6 49.4 51.6
Glass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 20.1 22.8 21.5 21.6 21.6 21.8
Metals: Ferrous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 17.6 34.1 36.4 36.5 35.7 35.7
Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.9 35.9 27.3 21.6 22.3 21.6 21.2
Other nonferrous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.6 66.4 67.9 66.7 72.6 71.9 71.5
Plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 2.2 5.8 5.1 5.9 6.1 6.9
Food, other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Z) (Z) 2.5 2.7 2.2 2.3 2.2
Yard trimings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Z) 12.0 51.7 58.2 62.4 61.9 62.0
1
Z Less than 5,000 tons or .05 percent. Includes products not shown separately.
Source: Franklin Associates, a Division of ERG, Prairie Village, KS, Municipal Solid Waste in the United States: 2006 Facts
and Figures. Prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. See also <http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/muncpl
/msw99.htm>.
Recovery
Type of product Products
Generation recovered Percent of Discards
(1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) generation (1,000 tons)
1
Paper and paperboard products . . . . . . . 85,280 44,020 51.6 41,260
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,840 20,160 45.0 24,680
Newsprint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,830 7,780 88.1 1,050
Groundwood inserts . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,530 3,090 87.5 440
Magazines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,570 1,040 40.5 1,530
Office-type papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,320 4,150 65.7 2,170
Standard mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,890 2,280 38.7 3,610
Other commercial printing . . . . . . . . . 6,630 1,400 21.1 5,230
Containers and packaging . . . . . . . . . . 40,440 23,860 59.0 16,580
Corrugated boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,430 22,630 72.0 8,800
Folding cartons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,570 890 16.0 4,680
Glass products 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,200 2,880 21.8 10,320
Containers and packaging . . . . . . . . . . 11,390 2,880 25.3 8,510
Beer and soft drink bottles . . . . . . . . 7,500 2,300 30.7 5,200
Wine and liquor bottles . . . . . . . . . . . 1,670 250 15.0 1,420
Food and other bottles and jars . . . . . 2,220 330 14.9 1,890
Metal products 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,130 6,950 36.3 12,180
Ferrous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,220 5,080 35.7 9,140
Aluminum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,260 690 21.2 2,570
Other nonferrous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,650 1,180 71.5 470
Plastics 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,490 2,040 6.9 27,450
Plastics in durable goods . . . . . . . . . . . 8,790 530 6.0 8,260
Plastics in nondurable goods . . . . . . . . 6,470 (Z) (Z) 6,470
Plastics in containers and packaging . . . 14,230 1,510 10.6 12,720
Rubber and leather 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,540 870 13.3 5,670
Rubber in tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,490 870 34.9 1,620
1
Z Less than 5,000 tons or .05 percent. Includes products not shown separately.
Source: Franklin Associates, a Division of ERG, Prairie Village, KS, Municipal Solid Waste in the United States: 2006 Facts
and Figures. Prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. See also <http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/muncpl
/msw99.htm>.
On-site release
Other Off-site
Industry 2002 Total on- surface releases/
1
NAICS and off-site Air impound- transfers to
code releases Total emissions ments disposal 2
Total 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 4,248.9 3,725.5 1,408.3 827.5 523.3
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2121 16.9 16.9 1.2 3.4 (Z)
Metal mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2122 1,216.4 1,213.1 3.7 658.1 3.4
Electric utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2211 1,022.1 951.4 670.4 119.7 70.7
Food/beverages/tobacco . . . . . . . 311/312 163.8 156.4 49.1 0.2 7.5
Textiles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313/314 3.7 2.8 2.4 0.2 0.9
Apparel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 0.1 0.1 0.1 − 0.1
Leather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 1.4 0.4 0.4 − 1.1
Wood products . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 21.7 20.7 20.0 (Z) 1.0
Paper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 211.6 205.2 165.1 3.7 6.4
Printing and publishing . . . . . . . . 323/51 12.9 12.5 12.5 − 0.4
Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 76.1 70.1 45.8 0.1 6.0
Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 514.3 460.8 188.9 14.2 53.5
Plastics and rubber. . . . . . . . . . . 326 64.0 55.7 55.1 (Z) 8.3
Stone/clay/glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 34.1 28.8 25.6 0.1 5.3
Cement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32731 10.9 10.8 8.9 0.1 0.1
Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 468.6 187.8 44.2 25.9 280.8
Fabricated metals. . . . . . . . . . . . 332 62.8 37.4 32.6 (Z) 25.4
Machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 9.6 5.5 5.4 − 4.1
Computers/electronic products . . . 334 9.2 6.4 2.0 − 2.8
Electrical equipment . . . . . . . . . . 335 9.4 4.7 4.5 (Z) 4.7
Transportation equipment . . . . . . 336 60.6 51.1 50.0 (Z) 9.5
Furniture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 9.8 9.7 9.7 − 0.1
Chemical wholesalers . . . . . . . . . 4246 1.3 1.2 1.2 − 0.1
Petroleum bulk terminals . . . . . . . 4247 3.3 3.1 2.3 (Z) 0.2
Hazardous waste . . . . . . . . . . . . 562 204.4 177.3 0.4 0.6 27.1
No codes 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 31.7 30.7 1.8 1.2 1.0
− Represents zero. X Not applicable. Z less than 50,000. 1 North American Industry Classification System, see text,
2
Section 12. Includes off-site disposal to underground injection for Class I wells, Class II to V wells, other surface
impoundments, land releases, and other releases, not shown separately. 3 Includes industries with no specific industry identified.
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ‘‘2006 TRI Public Data Release eReport.’’ See also <http://www.epa.gov/tri/tridata
/tri06/index.htm> (released 21 February 2008).
Table 367. Hazardous Waste Sites on the National Priority List by State and
Outlying Area: 2007
[As of December 31. Includes both proposed and final sites listed on the National Priorities List for the Superfund program as autho-
rized by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980 and the Superfund Amend-
ments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986. For information on CERCLA and SARA, go to <http://www.epa.gov/superfund
/action/law/cercla.htm>
Per- Per-
State and cent Non- State and cent Non-
outlying area Total distri- Fed- fed- outlying area Total distri- Fed- fed-
sites Rank bution eral eral sites Rank bution eral eral
Total. . . . . . . . . 1,311 (X) (X) 162 1,149 Montana . . . . . . . . . 15 26 1.2 − 15
United States . . . . 1,294 (X) (X) 160 1,134 Nebraska . . . . . . . . . 13 32 1.0 1 12
Alabama . . . . . . . . . 15 24 1.2 3 12 Nevada . . . . . . . . . . 1 49 0.1 − 1
Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . 5 45 0.4 5 − New Hampshire . . . . 21 19 1.7 1 20
Arizona . . . . . . . . . . 8 43 0.6 2 6 New Jersey . . . . . . . 116 1 9.3 8 108
Arkansas . . . . . . . . . 10 40 0.8 − 10 New Mexico . . . . . . . 14 30 1.1 1 13
California . . . . . . . . . 96 2 7.7 24 72 New York . . . . . . . . . 87 4 7.0 4 83
Colorado . . . . . . . . . 19 21 1.5 3 16 North Carolina . . . . . 31 14 2.5 2 29
Connecticut . . . . . . . 15 25 1.2 1 14 North Dakota . . . . . . − 50 0.0 − −
Delaware . . . . . . . . . 14 27 1.1 1 13 Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 10 3.0 5 33
District of Columbia . . 1 (X) 0.1 1 − Oklahoma . . . . . . . . 11 39 0.9 1 10
Florida. . . . . . . . . . . 49 6 3.9 6 43 Oregon . . . . . . . . . . 12 36 1.0 2 10
Georgia . . . . . . . . . . 16 23 1.3 2 14 Pennsylvania . . . . . . 96 3 7.7 6 90
Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . 3 46 0.2 2 1 Rhode Island . . . . . . 12 37 1.0 2 10
Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . 9 41 0.7 2 7 South Carolina . . . . . 25 17 2.0 2 23
Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . 49 7 3.9 5 44 South Dakota . . . . . . 2 47 0.2 1 1
Indiana . . . . . . . . . . 32 12 2.6 − 32 Tennessee . . . . . . . . 14 31 1.1 4 10
Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 33 1.0 1 11 Texas . . . . . . . . . . . 47 9 3.8 4 43
Kansas . . . . . . . . . . 12 34 1.0 1 11 Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 20 1.5 4 15
Kentucky . . . . . . . . . 14 28 1.1 1 13 Vermont . . . . . . . . . 11 38 0.9 − 11
Louisiana . . . . . . . . . 14 29 1.1 1 13 Virginia . . . . . . . . . . 30 15 2.4 11 19
Maine . . . . . . . . . . . 12 35 1.0 3 9 Washington . . . . . . . 48 8 3.8 13 35
Maryland . . . . . . . . . 18 22 1.4 9 9 West Virginia . . . . . . 9 42 0.7 2 7
Massachusetts . . . . . 32 13 2.6 6 26 Wisconsin . . . . . . . . 38 11 3.0 − 38
Michigan . . . . . . . . . 67 5 5.4 1 66 Wyoming . . . . . . . . . 2 48 0.2 1 1
Minnesota . . . . . . . . 25 18 2.0 2 23 Guam . . . . . . . . . 2 (X) (X) 1 1
Mississippi . . . . . . . . 6 44 0.5 − 6 Puerto Rico. . . . . . 13 (X) (X) 1 12
Missouri. . . . . . . . . . 29 16 2.3 3 26 Virgin Islands . . . . 2 (X) (X) − 2
− Represents zero. X Not applicable.
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Supplementary Materials: CERCLIS3/WasteLan Database; (released 7 May
2008). See also <http://www.epa.gov/superfund/about.htm>.
Water utilities 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.9 35.1 36.6 38.0 130,000 145,200 150,000 154,200
Resource recovery 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.0 21.0 24.1 25.1 127,000 156,600 166,400 171,900
Clean energy systems and power 9 . . . 13.4 22.3 24.9 27.7 69,300 100,400 108,300 115,100
1
Covers environmental laboratory testing and services. 2 Mostly revenues collected by municipal entities for sewage or
3
wastewater plants. Covers such activities as collection, transportation, transfer stations, disposal, landfill ownership and
4
management for solid waste and recyclables. Transportation and disposal of hazardous, medical, and nuclear waste.
5 6
Includes stationary and mobile sources. Includes vehicles, containers, liners, processing, and remediation equipment.
7
Revenues generated from the sale of water, majority in public sector. 8 Revenues generated from the sale of recovered metals,
paper, plastic, etc. 9 Revenues generated from the sale of equipment & systems and electricity.
Source: Environmental Business International, Inc., San Diego, CA, Environmental Business Journal, monthly (copyright).
See also <http://www.ebiusa.com/>.
Table 370. Tornadoes, Floods, Tropical Storms, and Lightning: 1995 to 2006
Weather type 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Tornadoes: 1
Number. . . . ....... . . 1,235 1,424 1,343 1,071 1,216 941 1,376 1,819 1,264 1,032
Lives lost. . . ....... . . 30 130 94 41 40 55 54 35 38 67
Injuries . . . . ....... . . 650 1,868 1,842 882 743 968 1,087 396 537 990
Property loss (mil. dol.) . . 411 1,714 1,990 424 630 801 1,263 537 422 752
Floods and flash floods:
Lives lost. . . . . . . . . . . . 80 136 68 38 48 49 85 82 43 76
Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 6,440 301 47 277 88 65 128 38 23
Property loss (mil. dol.) . . 1,251 2,325 1,421 1,255 1,220 655 2,541 1,696 1,538 3,768
North Atlantic tropical storms
and hurricanes 2 . . . . . . . . 19 14 12 15 15 12 21 16 27 10
Direct deaths on U.S.
mainland . . . . . . . . . . . 17 9 19 − 24 51 14 34 1,016 −
Property loss in U.S.
(bil.dol.) . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 3.5 4.2 8.1 5.2 1.1 1.9 18.9 93.0 2.4
Lightning:
Deaths . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 44 46 51 44 51 44 32 38 48
Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433 283 243 364 371 256 237 280 309 246
1
− Represents zero. Source: U.S. National Weather Service, Internet site <http://www.spc.noaa.gov/climo/torn/monthlytornstats.html>.
A violent, rotating column of air descending from a cumulonimbus cloud in the form of a tubular- or funnel-shaped cloud, usually
characterized by movements along a narrow path and wind speeds from 100 to over 300 miles per hour. Also known as a ‘‘twister’’
2
or ‘‘waterspout.’’ Source: National Hurricane Center (NHC), Coral Gables, FL, unpublished data. For data on individual
hurricanes, see the NHC Internet site at <http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/>.
Source: Except as noted, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Weather Service (NWS),
Office of Climate, Water, and Weather Services, Natural Hazard Statistics, monthly. See also NOAA Web site at <http://www.nws
.noaa.gov/om/hazstats.shtml>.
Estimated
Event Description cost 1
Time period (bil.dol.) Deaths
Great Plains and eastern drought . Severe drought with periods of extreme heat resulting in major reductions in crop yields, along with very low stream flows, Entire year 2007 5 (2)
and lake levels.
Western wildfires . . . . . . . . . . . . Continued drought conditions and high winds over much of the western U.S., resulting in numerous wildfires. Summer−Fall 2007 Over 1 12
Spring freeze. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Widespread severe freeze over much of the east and midwest causing losses in fruit crops, field crops, Apr. 2007 2 −
and in the ornamental industry.
Severe storms and tornadoes . . . . Flooding, hail, tornadoes, and severe thunderstorms across numerous eastern and southern states. Apr. 2007 1.5 9
Freeze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Widespread agricultural freeze over a good portion of California, destroying numerous agricultural crops. Jan. 2007 1.4 1
2
Widespread drought . . . . . . . . . . Rather severe drought affected crops in states especially during the spring−summer, centered over the Great Plains Spring-Summer 2006 Over 6 ( )
region, with other areas affected across portions of the south and far west.
Severe storms and tornadoes . . . . Outbreak of tornadoes over portions of the midwest and south during a week-long period. March 2006 Over 1 10+
Numerous wildfires . . . . . . . . . . . Wildfires mainly over the western half of the country, due to dry weather and high wind burning nearly 10 million acres Entire year 2006 Over 1 28+
(new record for period since 1960).
Hurricane Wilma . . . . . . . . . . . . Category 3 hurricane makes landfall in southwest Florida, causing considerable damage from major flooding and strong Oct. 2005 Over 10 35
winds in south-east Florida.
Hurricane Rita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Category 3 hurricane makes landfall on the Texas-Lousiana border coastal region, causing surge/wind damage along the Sept. 2005 Over 8 119
coast and flood damage in FL, MS, LA, AR, and TX.
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Hurricane Katrina . . . . . . . . . . . . Category 3 hurricane makes landfall as a category 1 near Miami, FL, and on the LA, MS coast, causing massive Aug. 2005 Over 100 1,300+
damage in addition to flood and wind damage in AL, FL, TN, KY, OH, and GA.
Hurricane Dennis . . . . . . . . . . . . Category 3 hurricane makes landfall in western Florida causing wind and surge damage, also causing wind and July 2005 Over 2 12+
flood damage to GA, MS, and TN.
Midwest drought. . . . . . . . . . . . . Midwest drought causing crop losses in AR, IL, IN, MO, OH, and WI. Spring−summer 2005 Over 1.0 −
Hurricane Jeanne . . . . . . . . . . . . Category 3 hurricane makes landfall in east-central Florida, causing considerable damage in Florida and some flood Sept. 2004 Over 6.9 28
damage in GA, SC, NC, VA, MD, DE, NJ, PA, and NY.
Hurricane Ivan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Category 3 hurricane makes landfall on Gulf coast of Alabama causing significant damage in AL and FL and Sept. 2004 Over 14 57
wind/flood damage in GA, SC, NC, LA, MS, WV, MD, TN, KY, OH, DE, NJ, PA, and NY.
Hurricane Frances . . . . . . . . . . . Category 2 hurricane makes landfall in east-central Florida causing significant damage in FL and considerable flood Sept. 2004 Over 9 48
damage in GA, SC, NC, and NY.
Hurricane Charley . . . . . . . . . . . Category 4 hurricane makes landfall in southwest FL resulting in major damage in FL and some damage in SC and NC. Aug. 2004 15 34
Southern California wildfires . . . . . Dry weather, high winds, and resulting wildfires in southern CA burned 743,000 acres and destroyed 3,700 homes. Oct.− Nov. 2003 2.5 22
Hurricane Isabel. . . . . . . . . . . . . Category 2 hurricane makes landfall in eastern NC, causing damage along coasts of NC, VA, and MD with wind damage Sept. 2003 5 55
and flooding in NC, VA, MD, DE, WV, NJ, NY, and PA.
Midwest severe storms and
tornadoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Numerous tornadoes over the midwest, MS River valley, and OH/TN River valleys with record 400 tornadoes in one week. May 2003 Over 3.4 51
Storms and hail . . . . . . . . . . . . . Severe storms and large hail over southern plains, lower MS River valley, and TX. April 2003 Over 1.6 3
Widespread drought . . . . . . . . . . Moderate to extreme drought over large portions of 30 states. Spring to fall 2002 Over 10 −
Western fire season . . . . . . . . . . Major fires over 11 western states from Rockies to west coast. Spring to fall 2002 Over 2.0 21
Tropical Storm Allison . . . . . . . . . Tropical storm produced rainfall and severe flooding in coastal portions of TX and LA and damage in MS, FL, VA, and PA. June 2001 5.0 43
Midwest and Ohio Valley hail
and tornadoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . Storms, tornadoes, and hail in TX, OK, KS, NE, IA, MO, IL, IN, WI, MI, OH, KY, and PA. April 2001 Over 1.9 3
− Represents zero. 1 Represents actual dollar costs at the time of event and is not adjusted for inflation. 2 Some deaths reported due to heat but not beyond typical annual averages.
Source: U.S. National Oceanic andAtmosphericAdministration, National Climatic Data Center, ‘‘Billion Dollar U.S. Weather Disasters, 1980−2007’’(released 1 January 2008). See also <http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/reports/billionz.html>.
Table 372. Highest and Lowest Temperatures by State Through 2003
HI. . . . . . Pahala . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Apr. 27, 1931 Mauna Kea Obs. 111.2. . 12 May 17, 1979
ID. . . . . . Orofino . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Jul. 28, 1934 Island Park Dam . . . . . . −60 Jan. 18, 1943
IL . . . . . . East St. Louis . . . . . . . . 117 Jul. 14, 1954 Congerville. . . . . . . . . . −36 Jan. 5, 1999
IN. . . . . . Collegeville . . . . . . . . . 116 Jul. 14, 1936 New Whiteland . . . . . . . −36 Jan. 19, 1994
2
IA . . . . . . Keokuk . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Jul. 20, 1934 Elkader . . . . . . . . . . . . −47 Feb. 3, 1996
2
KS . . . . . Alton (near) . . . . . . . . . 121 Jul. 24, 1936 Lebanon . . . . . . . . . . . −40 Feb. 13, 1905
KY . . . . . Greensburg . . . . . . . . . 114 Jul. 28, 1930 Shelbyville . . . . . . . . . . −37 Jan. 19, 1994
LA . . . . . Plain Dealing . . . . . . . . 114 Aug. 10, 1936 Minden . . . . . . . . . . . . −16 Feb. 13, 1899
2
ME . . . . . North Bridgton . . . . . . . 105 Jul. 10, 1911 Van Buren . . . . . . . . . . −48 Jan. 19, 1925
2
MD . . . . . Cumberland & Frederick . 109 Jul. 10, 1936 Oakland . . . . . . . . . . . −40 Jan. 13, 1912
MA . . . . . New Bedford & Chester . 107 Aug. 2, 1975 Chester . . . . . . . . . . . . −35 Jan. 12, 1981
MI . . . . . Mio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Jul. 13, 1936 Vanderbilt . . . . . . . . . . −51 Feb. 9, 1934
2
MN . . . . . Moorhead . . . . . . . . . . 114 Jul. 6, 1936 Tower . . . . . . . . . . . . . −60 Feb. 2, 1996
MS . . . . . Holly Springs . . . . . . . . 115 Jul. 29, 1930 Corinth . . . . . . . . . . . . −19 Jan. 30, 1966
2
MO . . . . . Warsaw & Union . . . . . . 118 Jul. 14, 1954 Warsaw . . . . . . . . . . . . −40 Feb. 13, 1905
MT . . . . . Medicine Lake . . . . . . . 117 Jul. 5, 1937 Rogers Pass . . . . . . . . −70 Jan. 20, 1954
2 2
NE . . . . . Minden . .... . . . . . . . 118 Jul. 24, 1936 Oshkosh . . . . . . . . . . . −47 Dec. 22, 1989
2
NV . . . . . Laughlin .... . . . . . . . 125 Jun. 29, 1994 San Jacinto . . . . . . . . . −50 Jan. 8, 1937
NH . . . . . Nashua . .... . . . . . . . 106 Jul. 4, 1911 Mt. Washington. . . . . . . −47 Jan. 29, 1934
NJ . . . . . Runyon . .... . . . . . . . 110 Jul. 10, 1936 River Vale . . . . . . . . . . −34 Jan. 5, 1904
NM . . . . . Waste Isolat Pilot Plt . . . 122 Jun. 27, 1994 Gavilan . . . . . . . . . . . . −50 Feb. 1, 1951
2
NY . . . . . Troy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Jul. 22, 1926 Old Forge . . . . . . . . . . −52 Feb. 18, 1979
NC . . . . . Fayetteville. . . . . . . . . . 110 Aug. 21, 1983 Mt. Mitchell . . . . . . . . . −34 Jan. 21, 1985
ND . . . . . Steele . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Jul. 6, 1936 Parshall . . . . . . . . . . . . −60 Feb. 15, 1936
2
OH . . . . . Gallipolis (near). . . . . . . 113 Jul. 21, 1934 Milligan . . . . . . . . . . . . −39 Feb. 10, 1899
2 2
OK . . . . . Tipton . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Jun. 27, 1994 Watts . . . . . . . . . . . . . −27 Jan. 18, 1930
2 2
OR . . . . . Pendleton . . . . . . . . . . 119 Aug. 10, 1898 Seneca . . . . . . . . . . . . −54 Feb. 10, 1933
2 1
PA . . . . . Phoenixville . . . . . . . . . 111 Jul. 10, 1936 Smethport . . . . . . . . . . −42 Jan. 5, 1904
RI. . . . . . Providence. . . . . . . . . . 104 Aug. 2, 1975 Greene . . . . . . . . . . . . −25 Feb. 5, 1996
2
SC . . . . . Camden . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Jun. 28, 1954 Caesars Head . . . . . . . −19 Jan. 21, 1985
SD . . . . . Gannvalley. . . . . . . . . . 120 Jul. 5, 1936 McIntosh . . . . . . . . . . . −58 Feb. 17, 1936
2
TN . . . . . Perryville . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Aug. 9, 1930 Mountain City . . . . . . . . −32 Dec. 30, 1917
2 2
TX . . . . . Monahans . . . . . . . . . . 120 Jun. 28, 1994 Seminole . . . . . . . . . . . −23 Feb. 8, 1933
UT . . . . . Saint George . . . . . . . . 117 Jul. 5, 1985 Peter’s Sink . . . . . . . . . −69 Feb. 1, 1985
VT . . . . . Vernon . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Jul. 4, 1911 Bloomfield . . . . . . . . . . −50 Dec. 30, 1933
VA . . . . . Balcony Falls . . . . . . . . 110 Jul. 15, 1954 Mtn. Lake Bio. Stn. . . . . −30 Jan. 22, 1985
2
WA . . . . . Ice Harbor Dam . . . . . . 118 Aug. 5, 1961 Mazama & Winthrop . . . −48 Dec. 30, 1968
2
WV . . . . . Martinsburg . . . . . . . . . 112 Jul. 10, 1936 Lewisburg . . . . . . . . . . −37 Dec. 30, 1917
WI . . . . . Wisconsin Dells . . . . . . 114 Jul. 13, 1936 Couderay. . . . . . . . . . . −55 Feb. 4, 1996
WY . . . . . Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Aug. 8, 1983 Riverside R.S. . . . . . . . −66 Feb. 9, 1933
1 2
Estimated. Also on earlier dates at the same or other places.
Source: U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information
Services (NESDIS), National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), Temperature Extremes and Drought; <http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov
/oa/climate/severeweather/temperatures.html>.
FL Jacksonville . . . . . . . . 53.1 81.6 68.0 64.2 90.8 78.4 41.9 72.4 57.6
Miami . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.1 83.7 76.7 76.5 90.9 84.2 59.6 76.5 69.1
GA Atlanta . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.7 80.0 62.2 51.9 89.4 72.0 33.5 70.6 52.3
HI Honolulu . . . . . . . . . . 73.0 80.8 77.5 80.4 87.8 84.7 65.7 73.8 70.2
ID Boise. . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.2 74.7 52.0 36.7 89.2 62.6 23.6 60.3 41.3
IL Chicago . . . . . . . . . . . 22.0 73.3 49.1 29.6 83.5 58.3 14.3 63.2 39.8
Peoria . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.5 75.1 50.8 30.7 85.7 60.7 14.3 64.6 40.9
IN Indianapolis . . . . . . . . 26.5 75.4 52.5 34.5 85.6 62.3 18.5 65.2 42.7
IA Des Moines . . . . . . . . 20.4 76.1 50.0 29.1 86.0 59.8 11.7 66.1 40.2
KS Wichita . . . . . . . . . . . 30.2 81.0 56.4 40.1 92.9 67.4 20.3 69.1 45.2
KY Louisville . . . . . . . . . . 33.0 78.4 57.0 41.0 87.0 66.0 24.9 69.8 47.9
LA New Orleans. . . . . . . . 52.6 82.7 68.8 61.8 91.1 78.0 43.4 74.2 59.6
ME Portland . . . . . . . . . . . 21.7 68.7 45.8 30.9 78.8 55.2 12.5 58.6 36.3
MD Baltimore . . . . . . . . . . 32.3 76.5 54.6 41.2 87.2 65.1 23.5 65.8 44.2
MA Boston . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.3 73.9 51.6 36.5 82.2 59.3 22.1 65.5 43.9
MI Detroit . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.5 73.5 49.8 31.1 83.4 58.4 17.8 63.6 41.0
Sault Ste. Marie. . . . . . 13.2 63.9 40.1 21.5 75.7 49.6 4.9 52.0 30.5
MN Duluth . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 65.5 39.1 17.9 76.3 48.7 -1.2 54.6 29.3
Minneapolis-St. Paul. . . 13.1 73.2 45.4 21.9 83.3 54.7 4.3 63.0 35.9
MS Jackson . . . . . . . . . . . 45.0 81.4 64.1 55.1 91.4 75.0 35.0 71.4 53.2
MO Kansas City . . . . . . . . 26.9 78.5 54.2 36.0 88.8 64.3 17.8 68.2 44.0
St. Louis . . . . . . . . . . 29.6 80.2 56.3 37.9 89.8 65.7 21.2 70.6 46.9
MT Great Falls . . . . . . . . . 21.7 66.2 43.8 32.1 82.0 56.4 11.3 50.4 31.1
NE Omaha . . . . . . . . . . . 21.7 76.7 50.7 31.7 87.4 61.5 11.6 65.9 39.8
NV Reno . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.6 71.3 51.3 45.5 91.2 67.4 21.8 51.4 35.2
NH Concord . . . . . . . . . . . 20.1 70.0 45.9 30.6 82.9 57.7 9.7 57.1 34.1
NJ Atlantic City . . . . . . . . 32.1 75.3 53.5 41.4 85.1 63.6 22.8 65.4 43.3
NM Albuquerque . . . . . . . . 35.7 78.5 56.8 47.6 92.3 70.4 23.8 64.7 43.2
NY Albany . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.2 71.1 47.6 31.1 82.2 57.6 13.3 60.0 37.5
Buffalo . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.5 70.8 48.0 31.1 79.6 55.9 17.8 62.1 39.9
New York 1 . . . . . . . . . 32.1 76.5 54.6 38.0 84.2 61.7 26.2 68.8 47.5
NC Charlotte . . . . . . . . . . 41.7 80.3 61.4 51.3 90.1 71.7 32.1 70.6 51.0
Raleigh . . . . . . . . . . . 39.7 78.8 59.6 49.8 89.1 70.6 29.6 68.5 48.6
ND Bismarck . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 70.4 42.3 21.1 84.5 54.5 -0.6 56.4 30.1
OH Cincinnati . . . . . . . . . . 29.7 76.3 54.2 38.0 86.4 64.0 21.3 66.1 44.3
Cleveland . . . . . . . . . . 25.7 71.9 49.7 32.6 81.4 58.1 18.8 62.3 41.2
Columbus. . . . . . . . . . 28.3 75.1 52.9 36.2 85.3 62.6 20.3 64.9 43.2
OK Oklahoma City . . . . . . 36.7 82.0 60.1 47.1 93.1 71.1 26.2 70.8 49.2
OR Portland . . . . . . . . . . . 39.9 68.1 53.5 45.6 79.3 62.1 34.2 56.9 44.8
PA Philadelphia . . . . . . . . 32.3 77.6 55.3 39.0 85.5 63.2 25.5 69.7 47.4
Pittsburgh. . . . . . . . . . 27.5 72.6 51.0 35.1 82.7 60.4 19.9 62.4 41.5
RI Providence . . . . . . . . . 28.7 73.3 51.1 37.1 82.6 60.2 20.3 64.1 42.0
SC Columbia . . . . . . . . . . 44.6 82.0 63.6 55.1 92.1 74.8 34.0 71.8 52.5
SD Sioux Falls . . . . . . . . . 14.0 73.0 45.1 25.2 85.6 57.2 2.9 60.3 33.0
TN Memphis . . . . . . . . . . 39.9 82.5 62.4 48.6 92.1 72.1 31.3 72.9 52.5
Nashville . . . . . . . . . . 36.8 79.1 58.9 45.6 88.7 69.0 27.9 69.5 48.8
TX Dallas-Fort Worth. . . . . 44.1 85.0 65.5 54.1 95.4 75.8 34.0 74.6 55.1
El Paso . . . . . . . . . . . 45.1 83.3 64.7 57.2 94.5 77.1 32.9 72.0 52.1
Houston . . . . . . . . . . . 51.8 83.6 68.8 62.3 93.6 79.4 41.2 73.5 58.2
UT Salt Lake City . . . . . . . 29.2 77.0 52.0 37.0 90.6 62.9 21.3 63.4 41.2
VT Burlington. . . . . . . . . . 18.0 70.6 45.2 26.7 81.4 54.5 9.3 59.8 35.8
VA Norfolk. . . . . . . . . . . . 40.1 79.1 59.6 47.8 86.8 67.8 32.3 71.4 51.4
Richmond. . . . . . . . . . 36.4 77.9 57.6 45.3 87.5 67.8 27.6 68.3 47.4
WA Seattle-Tacoma . . . . . . 40.9 65.3 52.3 45.8 75.3 59.8 35.9 55.3 44.8
Spokane . . . . . . . . . . 27.3 68.6 47.3 32.8 82.5 57.4 21.7 54.6 37.2
WV Charleston . . . . . . . . . 33.4 73.9 54.5 42.6 84.9 65.4 24.2 62.9 43.5
WI Milwaukee . . . . . . . . . 20.7 72.0 47.5 28.0 81.1 55.9 13.4 62.9 39.2
WY Cheyenne . . . . . . . . . 25.9 67.7 45.0 37.1 81.9 57.6 14.8 53.4 32.3
PR San Juan . . . . . . . . . . 76.6 82.2 79.9 82.4 87.4 85.5 70.8 76.9 74.2
1
City office data.
Source: U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information
Services (NESDIS), National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), Temperature Extremes and Drought. Weather/Climate events. See
also <http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/online/ccd/nrmmax.txt>; and <http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/online/ccd/nrmmin.txt>;
and <http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/online/ccd/nrmavg.txt>.
Length
of
State Station record
1
(years) Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Annual
AL Mobile . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 84 82 90 94 100 102 104 105 99 93 87 81 105
AK Juneau . . . . . . . . . . . 62 57 57 61 74 82 86 90 84 73 61 56 54 90
AZ Phoenix . . . . . . . . . . . 69 88 92 100 105 113 122 121 116 118 107 95 88 122
AR Little Rock . . . . . . . . . 65 83 85 91 95 98 105 112 109 106 97 86 80 112
CA Los Angeles . . . . . . . . 71 91 92 95 102 97 104 97 98 110 106 101 94 110
Sacramento . . . . . . . . 56 70 76 88 95 105 115 114 110 108 104 87 72 115
San Diego . . . . . . . . . 66 88 90 93 98 96 101 99 98 111 107 97 88 111
San Francisco . . . . . . . 79 72 78 85 92 97 106 105 100 103 99 85 75 106
CO Denver. . . . . . . . . . . . 64 73 77 84 90 96 104 105 101 97 89 80 75 105
CT Hartford . . . . . . . . . . . 52 66 73 89 96 99 100 102 102 99 91 81 76 102
DE Wilmington . . . . . . . . . 59 75 78 86 94 96 100 102 101 100 91 85 75 102
DC Washington . . . . . . . . 65 79 82 89 95 99 101 104 105 101 94 86 79 105
FL Jacksonville . . . . . . . . 65 85 88 91 95 100 103 105 102 100 96 88 84 105
Miami . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 88 89 93 96 96 98 98 98 97 95 91 87 98
GA Atlanta . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 79 80 89 93 95 101 105 102 98 95 84 79 105
HI Honolulu . . . . . . . . . . 37 88 88 88 91 93 92 94 93 95 94 93 89 95
ID Boise. . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 63 71 81 92 99 109 111 110 102 94 78 65 111
IL Chicago . . . . . . . . . . . 48 65 72 88 91 93 104 104 101 99 91 78 71 104
Peoria . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 70 72 86 92 94 105 104 103 100 93 81 71 105
IN Indianapolis . . . . . . . . 67 71 76 85 89 93 102 104 102 100 90 81 74 104
IA Des Moines . . . . . . . . 67 67 73 91 93 98 103 105 108 101 95 81 69 108
KS Wichita . . . . . . . . . . . 54 75 87 89 96 100 110 113 110 108 97 86 83 113
KY Louisville . . . . . . . . . . 59 77 77 86 91 95 102 106 101 104 92 84 76 106
LA New Orleans. . . . . . . . 60 83 85 89 92 96 100 101 102 101 94 87 84 102
ME Portland . . . . . . . . . . . 66 64 64 88 85 94 98 99 103 95 88 74 71 103
MD Baltimore . . . . . . . . . . 56 75 79 89 94 98 101 104 105 100 92 83 77 105
MA Boston . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 66 70 89 94 95 100 102 102 100 90 79 76 102
MI Detroit . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 62 70 81 89 93 104 102 100 98 91 77 69 104
Sault Ste. Marie. . . . . . 66 45 49 75 85 89 93 97 98 95 81 67 62 98
MN Duluth . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 52 55 78 88 90 94 97 97 95 86 71 55 97
Minneapolis-St. Paul. . . 68 58 61 83 95 97 102 105 102 98 90 77 68 105
MS Jackson . . . . . . . . . . . 43 83 85 89 94 99 105 106 107 104 95 88 84 107
MO Kansas City . . . . . . . . 34 71 78 86 93 95 105 107 109 106 95 82 74 109
St. Louis . . . . . . . . . . 49 76 85 89 93 94 102 107 107 104 94 85 76 107
MT Great Falls . . . . . . . . . 69 67 70 78 89 93 101 105 106 98 91 76 69 106
PR San Juan . . . . . . . . . . 52 92 96 96 97 96 97 95 97 97 98 96 94 98
1 2
Represents the highest observed temperature in any month. City office data.
Source: U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Comparative Climatic Data, annual; <http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov
/oa/climate/online/ccd/hghtmp.txt>.
Length
of
State Station record
1
(years) Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Annual
AL Mobile . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 3 11 21 32 43 49 60 59 42 30 22 8 3
AK Juneau . . . . . . . . . . . 62 −22 −22 −15 6 25 31 36 27 23 11 −5 −21 −22
AZ Phoenix . . . . . . . . . . . 69 17 22 25 32 40 50 61 60 47 34 25 22 17
AR Little Rock . . . . . . . . . 65 −4 −5 11 28 40 46 54 52 37 29 17 −1 −5
CA Los Angeles . . . . . . . . 71 23 32 34 39 43 48 49 51 47 16 34 32 16
Sacramento . . . . . . . . 56 23 23 26 31 36 41 48 49 43 36 26 18 18
San Diego . . . . . . . . . 66 29 36 39 41 48 51 55 57 51 43 38 34 29
San Francisco . . . . . . . 79 24 25 30 31 36 41 43 42 38 34 25 20 20
CO Denver. . . . . . . . . . . . 64 −25 −30 −11 −2 22 30 43 41 17 3 −8 −25 −30
CT Hartford . . . . . . . . . . . 52 −26 −21 −6 9 28 35 44 36 30 17 1 −14 −26
DE Wilmington . . . . . . . . . 59 −14 −6 2 18 30 41 48 43 36 24 14 −7 −14
DC Washington . . . . . . . . 65 −5 4 11 24 34 47 54 49 39 29 16 1 −5
FL Jacksonville . . . . . . . . 65 7 19 23 34 45 47 61 59 48 36 21 11 7
Miami . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 30 32 32 46 53 60 69 68 68 51 39 30 30
GA Atlanta . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 −8 5 10 26 37 46 53 55 36 28 3 − −8
HI Honolulu . . . . . . . . . . 37 53 53 55 57 60 65 66 67 66 61 57 54 53
ID Boise. . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 −17 −15 6 19 22 31 35 34 23 11 −3 −25 −25
IL Chicago . . . . . . . . . . . 48 −27 −19 −8 7 24 36 40 41 28 17 1 −25 −27
Peoria . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 −25 −19 −10 14 25 39 47 41 26 19 −2 −23 −25
IN Indianapolis . . . . . . . . 67 −27 −21 −7 16 28 37 44 41 28 17 −2 −23 −27
IA Des Moines . . . . . . . . 67 −24 −26 −22 9 30 38 47 40 26 14 −4 −22 −26
KS Wichita . . . . . . . . . . . 54 −12 −21 −2 15 31 43 51 48 31 18 1 −16 −21
KY Louisville . . . . . . . . . . 59 −22 −19 −1 22 31 42 50 46 33 23 −1 −15 −22
LA New Orleans. . . . . . . . 60 14 16 25 32 41 50 60 60 42 35 24 11 11
ME Portland . . . . . . . . . . . 66 −26 −39 −21 8 23 33 40 33 23 15 3 −21 −39
MD Baltimore . . . . . . . . . . 56 −7 −3 6 20 32 40 50 45 35 25 13 − −7
MA Boston . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 −12 −4 6 16 34 45 50 47 38 28 15 −7 −12
MI Detroit . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 −21 −15 −4 10 25 36 41 38 29 17 9 −10 −21
Sault Ste. Marie. . . . . . 66 −36 −35 −24 −2 18 26 36 29 25 16 −10 −31 −36
MN Duluth . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 −39 −39 −29 −5 17 27 35 32 22 8 −23 −34 −39
Minneapolis-St. Paul. . . 68 −34 −32 −32 2 18 34 43 39 26 13 −17 −29 −34
MS Jackson . . . . . . . . . . . 43 2 10 15 27 38 47 51 54 35 26 17 4 2
MO Kansas City . . . . . . . . 34 −17 −19 −10 12 30 42 51 43 31 17 1 −23 −23
St. Louis . . . . . . . . . . 49 −18 −12 −5 22 31 43 51 47 36 23 1 −16 −18
MT Great Falls . . . . . . . . . 69 −37 −35 −29 −6 15 31 36 30 16 −11 −25 −43 −43
PR San Juan . . . . . . . . . . 52 61 62 60 64 66 69 69 70 69 46 66 59 46
1 2
− Represents zero. Represents the lowest observed temperature in any month. City office data.
Source: U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Comparative Climatic Data, annual. See also <http://www.ncdc
.noaa.gov/oa/climate/online/ccd/lowtmp.txt>.
State Station Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Annual
AL Mobile . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.75 5.10 7.20 5.06 6.10 5.01 6.54 6.20 6.01 3.25 5.41 4.66 66.29
AK Juneau . . . . . . . . . . . 4.81 4.02 3.51 2.96 3.48 3.36 4.14 5.37 7.54 8.30 5.43 5.41 58.33
AZ Phoenix . . . . . . . . . . . 0.83 0.77 1.07 0.25 0.16 0.09 0.99 0.94 0.75 0.79 0.73 0.92 8.29
AR Little Rock . . . . . . . . . 3.61 3.33 4.88 5.47 5.05 3.95 3.31 2.93 3.71 4.25 5.73 4.71 50.93
CA Los Angeles . . . . . . . . 2.98 3.11 2.40 0.63 0.24 0.08 0.03 0.14 0.26 0.36 1.13 1.79 13.15
Sacramento . . . . . . . . 3.84 3.54 2.80 1.02 0.53 0.20 0.05 0.06 0.36 0.89 2.19 2.45 17.93
San Diego . . . . . . . . . 2.28 2.04 2.26 0.75 0.20 0.09 0.03 0.09 0.21 0.44 1.07 1.31 10.77
San Francisco . . . . . . . 4.45 4.01 3.26 1.17 0.38 0.11 0.03 0.07 0.20 1.04 2.49 2.89 20.11
CO Denver. . . . . . . . . . . . 0.51 0.49 1.28 1.93 2.32 1.56 2.16 1.82 1.14 0.99 0.98 0.63 15.81
CT Hartford . . . . . . . . . . . 3.84 2.96 3.88 3.86 4.39 3.85 3.67 3.98 4.13 3.94 4.06 3.60 46.16
DE Wilmington . . . . . . . . . 3.43 2.81 3.97 3.39 4.15 3.59 4.28 3.51 4.01 3.08 3.19 3.40 42.81
DC Washington . . . . . . . . 3.21 2.63 3.60 2.77 3.82 3.13 3.66 3.44 3.79 3.22 3.03 3.05 39.35
FL Jacksonville . . . . . . . . 3.69 3.15 3.93 3.14 3.48 5.37 5.97 6.87 7.90 3.86 2.34 2.64 52.34
Miami . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.88 2.07 2.56 3.36 5.52 8.54 5.79 8.63 8.38 6.19 3.43 2.18 58.53
GA Atlanta . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.02 4.68 5.38 3.62 3.95 3.63 5.12 3.67 4.09 3.11 4.10 3.82 50.20
HI Honolulu . . . . . . . . . . 2.73 2.35 1.89 1.11 0.78 0.43 0.50 0.46 0.74 2.18 2.26 2.85 18.29
ID Boise. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.39 1.14 1.41 1.27 1.27 0.74 0.39 0.30 0.76 0.76 1.38 1.38 12.19
IL Chicago . . . . . . . . . . . 1.75 1.63 2.65 3.68 3.38 3.63 3.51 4.62 3.27 2.71 3.01 2.43 36.27
Peoria . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.50 1.67 2.83 3.56 4.17 3.84 4.02 3.16 3.12 2.76 2.99 2.40 36.03
IN Indianapolis . . . . . . . . 2.48 2.41 3.44 3.61 4.35 4.13 4.42 3.82 2.88 2.76 3.61 3.03 40.95
IA Des Moines . . . . . . . . 1.03 1.19 2.21 3.58 4.25 4.57 4.18 4.51 3.15 2.62 2.10 1.33 34.72
KS Wichita . . . . . . . . . . . 0.84 1.02 2.71 2.57 4.16 4.25 3.31 2.94 2.96 2.45 1.82 1.35 30.38
KY Louisville . . . . . . . . . . 3.28 3.25 4.41 3.91 4.88 3.76 4.30 3.41 3.05 2.79 3.80 3.69 44.54
LA New Orleans. . . . . . . . 5.87 5.47 5.24 5.02 4.62 6.83 6.20 6.15 5.55 3.05 5.09 5.07 64.16
ME Portland . . . . . . . . . . . 4.09 3.14 4.14 4.26 3.82 3.28 3.32 3.05 3.37 4.40 4.72 4.24 45.83
MD Baltimore . . . . . . . . . . 3.47 3.02 3.93 3.00 3.89 3.43 3.85 3.74 3.98 3.16 3.12 3.35 41.94
MA Boston . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.92 3.30 3.85 3.60 3.24 3.22 3.06 3.37 3.47 3.79 3.98 3.73 42.53
MI Detroit . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.91 1.88 2.52 3.05 3.05 3.55 3.16 3.10 3.27 2.23 2.66 2.51 32.89
Sault Ste. Marie. . . . . . 2.64 1.60 2.41 2.57 2.50 3.00 3.14 3.47 3.71 3.32 3.40 2.91 34.67
MN Duluth . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.12 0.83 1.69 2.09 2.95 4.25 4.20 4.22 4.13 2.46 2.12 0.94 31.00
Minneapolis-St. Paul. . . 1.04 0.79 1.86 2.31 3.24 4.34 4.04 4.05 2.69 2.11 1.94 1.00 29.41
MS Jackson . . . . . . . . . . . 5.67 4.50 5.74 5.98 4.86 3.82 4.69 3.66 3.23 3.42 5.04 5.34 55.95
MO Kansas City . . . . . . . . 1.15 1.31 2.44 3.38 5.39 4.44 4.42 3.54 4.64 3.33 2.30 1.64 37.98
St. Louis . . . . . . . . . . 2.14 2.28 3.60 3.69 4.11 3.76 3.90 2.98 2.96 2.76 3.71 2.86 38.75
MT Great Falls . . . . . . . . . 0.68 0.51 1.01 1.40 2.53 2.24 1.45 1.65 1.23 0.93 0.59 0.67 14.89
NE Omaha . . . . . . . . . . . 0.77 0.80 2.13 2.94 4.44 3.95 3.86 3.21 3.17 2.21 1.82 0.92 30.22
NV Reno . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.06 1.06 0.86 0.35 0.62 0.47 0.24 0.27 0.45 0.42 0.80 0.88 7.48
NH Concord . . . . . . . . . . . 2.97 2.36 3.04 3.07 3.33 3.10 3.37 3.21 3.16 3.46 3.57 2.96 37.60
NJ Atlantic City . . . . . . . . 3.60 2.85 4.06 3.45 3.38 2.66 3.86 4.32 3.14 2.86 3.26 3.15 40.59
NM Albuquerque . . . . . . . . 0.49 0.44 0.61 0.50 0.60 0.65 1.27 1.73 1.07 1.00 0.62 0.49 9.47
NY Albany . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.71 2.27 3.17 3.25 3.67 3.74 3.50 3.68 3.31 3.23 3.31 2.76 38.60
Buffalo . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.16 2.42 2.99 3.04 3.35 3.82 3.14 3.87 3.84 3.19 3.92 3.80 40.54
New York 1 . . . . . . . . . 4.13 3.15 4.37 4.28 4.69 3.84 4.62 4.22 4.23 3.85 4.36 3.95 49.69
NC Charlotte . . . . . . . . . . 4.00 3.55 4.39 2.95 3.66 3.42 3.79 3.72 3.83 3.66 3.36 3.18 43.51
Raleigh . . . . . . . . . . . 4.02 3.47 4.03 2.80 3.79 3.42 4.29 3.78 4.26 3.18 2.97 3.04 43.05
ND Bismarck . . . . . . . . . . 0.45 0.51 0.85 1.46 2.22 2.59 2.58 2.15 1.61 1.28 0.70 0.44 16.84
OH Cincinnati . . . . . . . . . . 2.92 2.75 3.90 3.96 4.59 4.42 3.75 3.79 2.82 2.96 3.46 3.28 42.60
Cleveland . . . . . . . . . . 2.48 2.29 2.94 3.37 3.50 3.89 3.52 3.69 3.77 2.73 3.38 3.14 38.71
Columbus. . . . . . . . . . 2.53 2.20 2.89 3.25 3.88 4.07 4.61 3.72 2.92 2.31 3.19 2.93 38.52
OK Oklahoma City . . . . . . 1.28 1.56 2.90 3.00 5.44 4.63 2.94 2.48 3.98 3.64 2.11 1.89 35.85
OR Portland . . . . . . . . . . . 5.07 4.18 3.71 2.64 2.38 1.59 0.72 0.93 1.65 2.88 5.61 5.71 37.07
PA Philadelphia . . . . . . . . 3.52 2.74 3.81 3.49 3.88 3.29 4.39 3.82 3.88 2.75 3.16 3.31 42.05
Pittsburgh. . . . . . . . . . 2.70 2.37 3.17 3.01 3.80 4.12 3.96 3.38 3.21 2.25 3.02 2.86 37.85
RI Providence . . . . . . . . . 4.37 3.45 4.43 4.16 3.66 3.38 3.17 3.90 3.70 3.69 4.40 4.14 46.45
SC Columbia . . . . . . . . . . 4.66 3.84 4.59 2.98 3.17 4.99 5.54 5.41 3.94 2.89 2.88 3.38 48.27
SD Sioux Falls . . . . . . . . . 0.51 0.51 1.81 2.65 3.39 3.49 2.93 3.01 2.58 1.93 1.36 0.52 24.69
TN Memphis . . . . . . . . . . 4.24 4.31 5.58 5.79 5.15 4.30 4.22 3.00 3.31 3.31 5.76 5.68 54.65
Nashville . . . . . . . . . . 3.97 3.69 4.87 3.93 5.07 4.08 3.77 3.28 3.59 2.87 4.45 4.54 48.11
TX Dallas-Fort Worth. . . . . 1.90 2.37 3.06 3.20 5.15 3.23 2.12 2.03 2.42 4.11 2.57 2.57 34.73
El Paso . . . . . . . . . . . 0.45 0.39 0.26 0.23 0.38 0.87 1.49 1.75 1.61 0.81 0.42 0.77 9.43
Houston . . . . . . . . . . . 3.68 2.98 3.36 3.60 5.15 5.35 3.18 3.83 4.33 4.50 4.19 3.69 47.84
UT Salt Lake City . . . . . . . 1.37 1.33 1.91 2.02 2.09 0.77 0.72 0.76 1.33 1.57 1.40 1.23 16.50
VT Burlington. . . . . . . . . . 2.22 1.67 2.32 2.88 3.32 3.43 3.97 4.01 3.83 3.12 3.06 2.22 36.05
VA Norfolk. . . . . . . . . . . . 3.93 3.34 4.08 3.38 3.74 3.77 5.17 4.79 4.06 3.47 2.98 3.03 45.74
Richmond. . . . . . . . . . 3.55 2.98 4.09 3.18 3.95 3.54 4.67 4.18 3.98 3.60 3.06 3.12 43.91
WA Seattle-Tacoma . . . . . . 5.13 4.18 3.75 2.59 1.77 1.49 0.79 1.02 1.63 3.19 5.90 5.62 37.07
Spokane . . . . . . . . . . 1.82 1.51 1.53 1.28 1.60 1.18 0.76 0.68 0.76 1.06 2.24 2.25 16.67
WV Charleston . . . . . . . . . 3.25 3.19 3.90 3.25 4.30 4.09 4.86 4.11 3.45 2.67 3.66 3.32 44.05
WI Milwaukee . . . . . . . . . 1.85 1.65 2.59 3.78 3.06 3.56 3.58 4.03 3.30 2.49 2.70 2.22 34.81
WY Cheyenne . . . . . . . . . 0.45 0.44 1.05 1.55 2.48 2.12 2.26 1.82 1.43 0.75 0.64 0.46 15.45
PR San Juan . . . . . . . . . . 3.02 2.30 2.14 3.71 5.29 3.52 4.16 5.22 5.60 5.06 6.17 4.57 50.76
1
City office data.
Source: U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Comparative Climatic Data, annual. See also <http://www.ncdc
.noaa.gov/oa/climate/online/ccd/nrmpcp.txt>.
Length
of
State Station record
(years) Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Annual
AL Mobile . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 10 9 10 7 8 11 15 13 9 5 7 9 113
AK Juneau . . . . . . . . . . . 62 18 16 17 16 16 15 17 17 21 23 19 21 216
AZ Phoenix . . . . . . . . . . . 67 3 4 3 1 − − 4 4 2 2 2 3 28
AR Little Rock . . . . . . . . . 64 9 9 10 9 10 8 8 6 7 7 8 9 100
CA Los Angeles . . . . . . . . 71 6 6 5 3 1 − − 1 1 2 3 5 33
Sacramento . . . . . . . . 67 10 8 8 5 2 1 1 1 1 3 7 9 56
San Diego . . . . . . . . . 66 6 6 6 4 2 − 1 − 1 2 4 6 38
San Francisco . . . . . . . 79 11 10 10 6 2 1 1 1 1 3 7 10 63
CO Denver. . . . . . . . . . . . 64 5 5 8 8 10 8 9 8 6 5 5 5 82
CT Hartford . . . . . . . . . . . 52 11 10 11 11 12 11 9 9 9 8 10 11 122
DE Wilmington . . . . . . . . . 59 10 9 10 11 11 9 9 8 8 7 9 9 110
DC Washington . . . . . . . . 65 10 8 10 9 11 9 9 8 8 7 8 9 106
FL Jacksonville . . . . . . . . 65 8 7 8 6 7 12 14 14 13 8 6 7 110
Miami . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 6 6 6 6 10 15 16 17 17 13 8 6 126
GA Atlanta . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 11 10 11 8 9 10 11 9 7 6 8 10 110
HI Honolulu . . . . . . . . . . 57 9 8 8 8 6 5 7 5 6 8 9 9 88
ID Boise. . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 11 9 9 8 7 5 2 2 3 5 10 11 82
IL Chicago . . . . . . . . . . . 48 10 9 12 12 11 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 119
Peoria . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 9 8 10 11 11 9 8 8 8 8 9 9 108
IN Indianapolis . . . . . . . . 67 11 10 12 12 12 10 9 8 7 8 10 11 120
IA Des Moines . . . . . . . . 67 7 7 9 10 11 10 9 9 8 7 7 7 101
KS Wichita . . . . . . . . . . . 53 5 5 7 7 10 9 7 7 7 6 5 5 80
KY Louisville . . . . . . . . . . 59 11 10 12 11 11 10 10 8 7 7 10 11 118
LA New Orleans. . . . . . . . 58 9 8 8 6 7 11 14 13 9 6 7 9 107
ME Portland . . . . . . . . . . . 66 11 9 11 11 12 11 9 9 8 9 11 11 122
MD Baltimore . . . . . . . . . . 56 10 9 10 10 11 9 9 9 7 7 8 9 108
MA Boston . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 11 10 11 11 11 10 9 9 8 9 10 11 120
MI Detroit . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 13 10 12 12 11 10 9 9 9 9 11 13 128
Sault Ste. Marie. . . . . . 65 18 14 12 11 11 11 10 10 13 14 17 19 160
MN Duluth . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 11 9 10 10 12 12 11 11 11 9 10 11 127
Minneapolis-St. Paul. . . 68 9 7 10 10 11 11 10 9 9 8 8 9 111
MS Jackson . . . . . . . . . . . 43 10 9 10 8 9 8 10 9 7 6 8 9 103
MO Kansas City . . . . . . . . 34 7 7 9 10 11 10 8 8 8 7 7 6 98
St. Louis . . . . . . . . . . 49 8 8 10 11 11 9 8 8 7 8 9 9 106
MT Great Falls . . . . . . . . . 69 8 7 9 9 11 12 7 7 7 6 6 7 96
NE Omaha . . . . . . . . . . . 70 6 6 8 9 11 10 9 8 8 6 5 6 92
NV Reno . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 6 6 6 4 4 3 2 2 2 2 4 6 47
NH Concord . . . . . . . . . . . 65 10 9 11 11 12 11 10 9 9 9 11 10 122
NJ Atlantic City . . . . . . . . 63 10 9 10 11 10 8 9 8 7 7 9 9 107
NM Albuquerque . . . . . . . . 67 3 4 4 3 4 3 8 9 5 4 3 4 54
NY Albany . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 12 10 12 12 13 11 10 10 9 9 11 12 131
Buffalo . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 19 16 15 14 12 10 10 10 11 11 15 19 162
New York 1 . . . . . . . . . 137 11 9 11 10 11 10 10 9 8 8 9 10 116
NC Charlotte . . . . . . . . . . 67 10 9 10 8 9 9 11 9 7 6 7 9 104
Raleigh . . . . . . . . . . . 62 10 9 10 9 10 9 11 10 7 7 8 9 109
ND Bismarck . . . . . . . . . . 67 7 6 8 7 9 11 9 8 7 5 6 7 90
OH Cincinnati . . . . . . . . . . 59 12 11 12 12 12 10 10 9 7 8 10 11 124
Cleveland . . . . . . . . . . 65 16 14 15 14 13 10 10 9 9 11 14 16 151
Columbus. . . . . . . . . . 67 13 11 13 13 13 11 10 9 8 8 11 12 132
OK Oklahoma City . . . . . . 67 5 6 7 7 9 8 6 6 7 6 5 5 77
OR Portland . . . . . . . . . . . 66 18 15 17 14 12 9 3 4 7 12 18 18 147
PA Philadelphia . . . . . . . . 66 10 9 10 10 11 10 9 9 8 7 9 10 112
Pittsburgh. . . . . . . . . . 54 16 13 15 13 12 11 10 9 9 10 12 15 145
RI Providence . . . . . . . . . 53 11 9 11 11 11 10 8 9 8 8 10 11 117
SC Columbia . . . . . . . . . . 59 10 9 10 8 8 10 11 10 7 6 7 9 105
SD Sioux Falls . . . . . . . . . 61 6 6 8 9 10 11 9 8 8 6 6 6 93
TN Memphis . . . . . . . . . . 56 10 9 10 9 9 8 8 7 7 6 8 9 100
Nashville . . . . . . . . . . 65 11 10 11 10 11 9 10 8 7 7 9 10 113
TX Dallas-Fort Worth. . . . . 53 6 6 7 7 8 6 4 4 6 6 6 6 72
El Paso . . . . . . . . . . . 67 3 3 2 1 2 3 7 7 5 4 2 3 42
Houston . . . . . . . . . . . 37 10 8 9 6 8 9 9 9 8 7 8 9 100
UT Salt Lake City . . . . . . . 78 10 8 9 9 8 5 4 5 5 6 8 9 86
VT Burlington. . . . . . . . . . 63 14 11 12 12 13 12 12 12 11 11 14 14 148
VA Norfolk. . . . . . . . . . . . 58 10 9 10 10 10 9 11 10 8 7 8 9 111
Richmond. . . . . . . . . . 69 10 9 10 9 10 9 11 9 8 7 8 9 109
WA Seattle-Tacoma . . . . . . 62 18 15 16 13 10 9 5 5 8 13 17 18 147
Spokane . . . . . . . . . . 59 14 10 11 9 9 7 4 4 5 7 12 14 106
WV Charleston . . . . . . . . . 59 15 13 14 13 13 11 12 10 9 9 11 13 143
WI Milwaukee . . . . . . . . . 66 11 9 11 12 11 10 9 9 8 9 10 10 119
WY Cheyenne . . . . . . . . . 71 5 6 9 9 12 11 10 10 7 6 6 5 96
Length
of
State Station record
(years) Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Annual
AL Mobile . . . . . . . . . . 64 0.1 0.1 0.1 T T − T − − − T 0.1 0.4
AK Juneau . . . . . . . . . 62 25.9 18.4 14.5 3.3 T T − − T 1 12.5 21.3 96.2
AZ Phoenix . . . . . . . . . 62 T − T T T − − − − T − T −
AR Little Rock . . . . . . . 56 2.4 1.5 0.5 T T T − − − T 0.2 0.6 5.2
CA Los Angeles . . . . . . 62 T T T − − − − − − − − T −
Sacramento . . . . . . 50 T T T − T − − − − − − T −
San Diego . . . . . . . 60 T − T T − − − − − − T T −
San Francisco . . . . 69 − T T − − − − − − − − − −
CO Denver . . . . . . . . . 62 8.0 7.4 12.4 8.8 1.6 − T T 1.6 3.8 9.0 7.7 60.3
CT Hartford . . . . . . . . . 49 13.5 12.5 10.1 1.5 − T − − − 0.1 2.1 10.5 50
DE Wilmington . . . . . . . 56 6.9 6.7 3.2 0.2 T T T − − 0.1 0.9 3.4 21.3
DC Washington . . . . . . 63 5.5 5.6 2.3 T T T T T − − 0.8 3.0 17.1
FL Jacksonville . . . . . . 60 T − − T − T T − − − − − −
Miami . . . . . . . . . . 59 − − − − T − − − − − − − −
GA Atlanta . . . . . . . . . 67 1.0 0.5 0.4 T − − T − − T T 0.2 2.1
HI Honolulu . . . . . . . . 52 − − − − − − − − − − − − −
ID Boise . . . . . . . . . . 67 6.4 3.6 1.7 0.6 0.1 T T T T 0.1 2.3 5.6 20.6
IL Chicago. . . . . . . . . 47 11.4 7.6 6.7 1.6 0.1 T T T T 0.4 2.1 8.1 38.2
Peoria . . . . . . . . . . 63 6.6 5.0 4.2 0.8 T T T − T 0.1 2.1 6.2 25.1
IN Indianapolis . . . . . . 75 6.9 5.5 3.5 0.5 T T − T − 0.2 1.9 5.4 24.1
IA Des Moines . . . . . . 63 8.2 7.2 6.1 1.9 T T T − T 0.3 3.1 6.5 33.6
KS Wichita . . . . . . . . . 53 3.9 4.2 2.7 0.2 T T T T T − 1.4 3.5 15.9
KY Louisville . . . . . . . . 59 5.2 4.2 3.1 0.1 T T T T − 0.1 1.0 2.5 16.3
LA New Orleans . . . . . 51 T 0.1 T T T − − − − − T 0.1 0.2
ME Portland . . . . . . . . 66 19.2 16.4 13.3 2.9 0.2 − T − T 0.2 3.3 14.5 70.6
MD Baltimore . . . . . . . . 56 6.3 7.2 3.6 0.1 T T T − − T 1.0 3.3 21.4
MA Boston . . . . . . . . . 69 13.0 12.1 8.2 0.9 − T T T − T 1.3 7.7 43.3
MI Detroit . . . . . . . . . . 48 11.0 9.0 6.8 1.9 T − − − T 0.2 2.5 10.0 41.9
Sault Ste. Marie . . . 59 29.1 18.4 14.4 5.8 0.5 T T T 0.1 2.4 15.6 30.7 117.4
MN Duluth . . . . . . . . . . 63 18.1 12.3 13.8 6.7 0.7 T T T 0.1 1.6 12.7 15.3 81.5
Minneapolis-St. Paul. 64 10.6 8.0 10.6 2.8 0.1 T T T T 0.5 7.7 9.4 49.9
MS Jackson. . . . . . . . . 38 0.5 0.2 0.2 T − − − T − − T 0.1 1.0
MO Kansas City . . . . . . 72 5.4 4.4 3.4 0.8 T T T T T 0.1 1.3 4.4 20.0
St. Louis . . . . . . . . 70 5.3 4.5 3.7 0.5 T T T − − T 1.4 4.0 19.5
MT Great Falls . . . . . . . 69 9.3 8.4 10.8 6.9 1.9 0.3 T 0.1 1.5 3.5 7.5 8.1 58.4
NE Omaha . . . . . . . . . 71 7.5 6.9 6.3 1.1 0.1 T T T T 0.3 2.6 5.7 30.6
NV Reno . . . . . . . . . . 57 6.1 5.2 4.3 1.2 0.8 − − − − 0.3 2.5 4.6 25
NH Concord . . . . . . . . 65 18.0 14.1 11.4 2.7 0.1 T − − T 0.1 3.8 13.8 64.5
NJ Atlantic City . . . . . . 57 5.0 5.7 2.5 0.3 T T T − − T 0.4 2.4 16.3
NM Albuquerque. . . . . . 67 2.5 2.1 1.8 0.6 T T T T T 0.1 1.2 3.0 11.0
NY Albany . . . . . . . . . 60 17.2 13.4 11.6 2.8 0.1 T T − T 0.2 4.1 14.4 64.4
Buffalo . . . . . . . . . 63 24.4 17.7 12.5 3.2 0.2 T T T T 0.7 11.1 23.9 94.1
New York 1. . . . . . . 138 7.7 8.7 5.1 0.9 T − T − − T 0.9 5.6 28.8
NC Charlotte . . . . . . . . 67 2.2 1.8 1.2 T T T − − − T 0.1 0.5 5.8
Raleigh . . . . . . . . . 62 2.8 2.6 1.3 T T T T − − − 0.1 0.8 7.6
ND Bismarck . . . . . . . . 67 7.8 6.8 8.5 3.9 0.9 T T T 0.2 1.9 6.8 7.0 43.9
Cloudiness—
average Average wind speed
percentage of Average relative humidity (percent)
(m.p.h.)
days 1
State Station
Length Length Length
of of Heating Cooling of Annual Jan. July
record An- record An- degree degree record
(yr.) nual (yr.) nual Jan. July days days (yr.) M A M A M A
AL Mobile . . . . . . . . 47 72.1 58 8.8 10.1 6.9 1,667 2,548 44 87 64 82 66 89 67
AK Juneau . . . . . . . 47 87.9 61 8.2 8.0 7.5 8,574 − 40 80 70 78 75 79 67
AZ Phoenix . . . . . . . 57 42.3 61 6.2 5.3 7.1 1,040 4,355 46 49 23 63 31 42 19
AR Little Rock . . . . . 35 67.5 64 7.7 8.4 6.7 3,084 2,086 42 82 62 79 65 85 61
CA Los Angeles . . . . 60 59.8 58 7.5 6.7 7.9 1,286 682 47 79 66 71 61 86 68
Sacramento . . . . 49 48.5 56 7.8 6.9 8.9 2,666 1,248 20 83 46 91 70 76 29
San Diego . . . . . 55 60.0 66 7.0 6.0 7.5 1,063 866 46 77 63 72 58 82 67
San Francisco . . . 68 56.2 79 10.6 7.2 13.6 2,862 142 47 84 63 86 68 86 60
CO Denver. . . . . . . . 61 68.5 50 8.7 8.7 8.3 6,128 695 38 67 40 63 48 67 33
CT Hartford . . . . . . . 41 77.5 52 8.4 8.9 7.3 6,104 759 47 77 53 72 57 78 51
DE Wilmington . . . . . 47 73.4 58 9.0 9.8 7.8 4,887 1,125 59 78 55 75 60 79 54
DC Washington . . . . 48 73.8 58 9.4 10.0 8.3 3,999 1,560 46 75 54 70 55 76 53
FL Jacksonville . . . . 47 74.2 57 7.8 8.1 7.0 1,353 2,636 70 89 56 87 57 88 58
Miami . . . . . . . . 46 79.7 57 9.2 9.5 7.9 155 4,383 42 83 61 84 59 82 63
GA Atlanta . . . . . . . . 61 69.9 68 9.1 10.4 7.7 2,827 1,810 46 82 56 78 58 87 59
HI Honolulu . . . . . . 47 75.3 57 11.3 9.4 13.1 − 4,561 37 72 56 80 61 67 51
ID Boise. . . . . . . . . 56 67.1 67 8.7 7.9 8.4 5,809 769 67 69 43 80 70 53 21
IL Chicago . . . . . . . 37 77.0 48 10.3 11.6 8.4 6,493 835 48 80 64 77 70 81 61
Peoria . . . . . . . . 52 73.9 63 9.8 10.9 7.8 6,095 998 47 82 66 79 72 85 65
IN Indianapolis . . . . 64 76.0 58 9.6 10.9 7.5 5,521 1,042 47 84 62 81 70 86 59
IA Des Moines . . . . 46 71.3 57 10.7 11.4 8.9 6,432 1,052 45 80 65 76 70 82 63
KS Wichita . . . . . . . 39 64.9 53 12.2 11.9 11.3 4,765 1,658 53 79 60 78 66 78 55
KY Louisville . . . . . . 47 74.6 59 8.3 9.5 6.8 4,352 1,443 46 81 58 77 64 84 57
LA New Orleans. . . . 47 72.3 58 8.2 9.3 6.1 1,417 2,776 58 87 67 84 69 90 69
ME Portland . . . . . . . 54 72.3 66 8.7 9.0 7.6 7,325 347 66 79 59 75 60 80 59
MD Baltimore . . . . . . 45 71.2 56 8.8 9.3 7.6 4,634 1,220 53 78 54 72 57 80 53
MA Boston . . . . . . . . 60 73.2 49 12.4 13.7 11.0 5,630 777 42 73 58 68 58 73 57
MI Detroit . . . . . . . . 37 79.5 48 10.2 11.8 8.5 6,449 727 48 81 60 80 69 81 54
Sault Ste. Marie. . 54 81.9 65 9.2 9.6 7.8 9,230 145 65 85 66 80 73 88 61
MN Duluth . . . . . . . . 47 79.0 57 11.0 11.6 9.4 9,742 189 45 81 68 77 72 85 64
Minneapolis-
St. Paul . . . . . . 57 74.0 68 10.5 10.5 9.4 7,882 699 47 78 64 75 69 79 60
MS Jackson . . . . . . . 30 69.6 43 6.9 8.2 5.2 2,368 2,290 43 89 64 85 69 92 66
MO Kansas City . . . . 23 67.1 34 10.6 11.1 9.2 5,249 1,325 34 80 66 76 68 83 66
St. Louis . . . . . . 47 72.4 57 9.6 10.6 8.0 4,757 1,561 46 81 64 80 69 82 61
MT Great Falls . . . . . 57 78.4 65 12.5 14.8 10.0 7,675 326 45 68 45 66 61 67 30
NE Omaha . . . . . . . 49 69.6 70 10.5 10.9 8.8 6,312 1,095 42 81 65 78 69 83 64
NV Reno . . . . . . . . . 53 56.7 64 6.6 5.6 7.2 5,601 493 43 68 31 79 50 58 18
NH Concord . . . . . . . 54 75.3 64 6.7 7.2 5.7 7,485 442 41 81 53 76 58 83 51
NJ Atlantic City . . . . 37 74.2 48 9.8 10.7 8.3 5,113 935 42 81 56 78 58 82 57
NM Albuquerque . . . . 56 54.2 67 8.9 8.0 8.9 4,281 1,290 46 58 29 67 38 58 27
NY Albany . . . . . . . . 57 81.1 68 8.9 9.8 7.5 6,861 544 41 80 58 77 63 80 55
Buffalo . . . . . . . . 52 85.2 67 11.8 13.9 10.2 6,693 548 46 80 63 79 72 78 55
New York 2 . . . . . 42 70.8 69 9.3 10.6 7.6 4,744 1,160 72 72 56 68 59 75 55
NC Charlotte . . . . . . 49 70.2 57 7.4 7.8 6.6 3,208 1,644 46 82 53 77 55 86 56
Raleigh . . . . . . . 47 69.7 57 7.6 8.2 6.7 3,465 1,521 42 85 54 79 54 88 57
ND Bismarck . . . . . . 56 74.5 67 10.2 10.0 9.2 8,809 471 47 80 62 76 71 83 55
OH Cincinnati . . . . . . 44 77.8 59 9.0 10.4 7.2 5,200 1,053 44 82 60 79 68 85 57
Cleveland . . . . . . 54 81.9 65 10.5 12.2 8.6 6,097 712 46 80 62 78 70 81 57
Columbus. . . . . . 46 80.3 57 8.3 9.8 6.5 5,546 925 47 81 59 77 67 83 55
OK Oklahoma City . . 44 61.9 58 12.2 12.5 10.9 3,663 1,907 41 79 61 77 63 79 57
OR Portland . . . . . . . 47 81.3 58 7.9 9.9 7.6 4,366 398 66 85 59 85 75 81 44
PA Philadelphia . . . . 55 74.5 66 9.5 10.3 8.2 4,759 1,235 47 76 54 73 59 78 53
Pittsburgh. . . . . . 43 83.8 54 9.0 10.4 7.3 5,829 726 46 80 58 77 66 83 54
RI Providence . . . . . 42 73.2 53 10.4 10.9 9.4 5,754 714 43 75 55 71 56 77 56
SC Columbia . . . . . . 48 68.5 58 6.8 7.2 6.3 2,595 2,063 40 86 51 82 53 88 53
SD Sioux Falls . . . . . 50 71.2 58 11.0 10.9 9.8 7,746 757 43 82 66 78 71 83 61
TN Memphis . . . . . . 43 67.7 58 8.8 10.0 7.5 3,033 2,190 67 80 60 77 65 83 61
Nashville . . . . . . 54 72.0 65 8.0 9.1 6.5 3,658 1,656 41 82 63 78 67 87 63
TX Dallas-Fort Worth. 42 63.0 53 10.7 11.0 9.8 2,370 2,571 43 80 61 78 64 77 55
El Paso . . . . . . . 53 47.1 64 8.8 8.3 8.3 2,604 2,165 46 56 27 64 33 60 29
Houston . . . . . . . 26 75.3 37 7.6 8.1 6.6 1,525 2,893 37 89 67 84 69 91 65
UT Salt Lake City . . . 69 65.8 77 8.8 7.5 9.5 5,607 1,089 46 67 43 79 69 51 21
VT Burlington. . . . . . 52 84.1 63 9.0 9.7 8.0 7,665 489 41 77 59 73 64 78 53
VA Norfolk. . . . . . . . 47 71.0 58 10.5 11.4 8.9 3,342 1,630 58 78 58 74 59 81 59
Richmond. . . . . . 50 72.7 58 7.7 8.1 6.9 3,878 1,466 72 83 53 79 56 84 56
WA Seattle-Tacoma . . 51 84.2 58 8.8 9.5 8.1 4,797 173 47 84 62 82 74 82 49
Spokane . . . . . . 48 76.4 59 8.9 8.7 8.6 6,820 394 47 78 52 86 79 64 27
WV Charleston . . . . . 47 82.2 59 5.8 6.9 4.8 5,427 1,064 59 84 57 78 63 90 59
WI Milwaukee . . . . . 55 75.3 66 11.5 12.6 9.7 7,096 616 46 79 67 76 70 81 65
WY Cheyenne . . . . . 60 71.0 49 12.9 15.1 10.4 7,289 280 47 65 44 57 50 69 37
PR San Juan . . . . . . 40 80.0 51 8.3 8.3 9.6 − 5,426 51 79 65 82 64 79 67
− Represents zero. 1 Percent of days that are either partly cloudy or cloudy. 2 Airport data for sunshine.
Source: U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Comparative Climatic Data, annual. See also
<http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/online/ccd/clpcdy.txt>; <http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/online/ccd/wndspd.txt>;
<http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/online/ccd/nrmhdd.txt>; <http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/online/ccd/nrmcdd.txt>; and
<http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/online/ccd/relhum.txt>.
This section relates primarily to presiden- 1964. In 1971, as a result of the 26th
tial, congressional, and gubernatorial Amendment, eligibility to vote in national
elections. Also presented are summary elections was extended to all citizens,
tables on congressional legislation; state 18 years old and over.
legislatures; Black, Hispanic, and female
officeholders; population of voting age; Presidential election—The Constitution
voter participation; and campaign specifies how the president and vice
finances. president are selected. Each state elects,
by popular vote, a group of electors equal
Official statistics on federal elections, col- in number to its total of members of Con-
lected by the Clerk of the House, are pub- gress. The 23d Amendment, adopted in
lished biennially in Statistics of the Presi-
1961, grants the District of Columbia
dential and Congressional Election and
three presidential electors, a number
Statistics of the Congressional Election.
equal to that of the least populous state.
Federal and state elections data appear
Subsequent to the election, the electors
also in America Votes, a biennial volume
published by CQ Press (a division of Con- meet in their respective states to vote for
gressional Quarterly, Inc.), Washington, president and vice president. Usually,
DC. Federal elections data also appear in each elector votes for the candidate
the U.S. Congress, Congressional Direc- receiving the most popular votes in his or
tory, and in official state documents. Data her state. A majority vote of all electors is
on reported registration and voting for necessary to elect the president and vice
social and economic groups are obtained president. If no candidate receives a
by the U.S. Census Bureau as part of the majority, the House of Representatives,
Current Population Survey (CPS) and are with each state having one vote, is
published in Current Population Reports, empowered to elect the president and
Series P20 (see text, Section 1). vice president, again, with a majority of
votes required.
Almost all federal, state, and local govern-
mental units in the United States conduct The 22nd Amendment to the Constitu-
elections for political offices and other tion, adopted in 1951, limits presidential
purposes. The conduct of elections is tenure to two elective terms of 4 years
regulated by state laws or, in some cities each or to one elective term for any per-
and counties, by local charter. An excep- son who, upon succession to the presi-
tion is that the U.S. Constitution pre- dency, has held the office or acted as
scribes the basis of representation in Con- President for more than 2 years.
gress and the manner of electing the
president and grants to Congress the Congressional election—The Constitu-
right to regulate the times, places, and tion provides that representatives be
manner of electing federal officers. apportioned among the states according
Amendments to the Constitution have to their population, that a census of popu-
prescribed national criteria for voting eli- lation be taken every 10 years as a basis
gibility. The 15th Amendment, adopted in for apportionment, and that each state
1870, gave all citizens the right to vote have at least one representative. At the
regardless of race, color, or previous con- time of each apportionment, Congress
dition of servitude. The 19th Amendment, decides what the total number of repre-
adopted in 1919, further extended the sentatives will be. Since 1912, the total
right to vote to all citizens regardless of has been 435, except during 1960 to
sex. The payment of poll taxes as a pre- 1962 when it increased to 437, adding
requisite to voting in federal elections one representative each for Alaska and
was banned by the 24th Amendment in Hawaii. The total reverted to 435 after
Elections 235
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
reapportionment following the 1960 cen- percent casting votes in each state for
sus. Members are elected for 2-year presidential and congressional election
terms, all terms covering the same years. These voting-age estimates include
period. The District of Columbia, Ameri- a number of persons who meet the age
can Samoa, Guam, and the Virgin Islands requirement but are not eligible to vote,
each elect one nonvoting delegate, and (e.g. aliens and some institutionalized
Puerto Rico elects a nonvoting resident persons). In addition, since 1964, voter
commissioner. participation and voter characteristics
data have been collected during Novem-
The Senate is composed of 100 members,
ber of election years as part of the CPS.
two from each state, who are elected to
serve for a term of 6 years. One-third of These survey data include noncitizens in
the Senate is elected every 2 years. Sena- the voting age population estimates, but
tors were originally chosen by the state exclude members of the Armed Forces
legislatures. The 17th Amendment to the and the institutional population.
Constitution, adopted in 1913, prescribed
that senators be elected by popular vote. Statistical reliability—For a discussion
of statistical collection and estimation,
Voter eligibility and participation— sampling procedures, and measures of
The Census Bureau publishes estimates statistical reliability applicable to Census
of the population of voting age and the Bureau data, see Appendix III.
Figure 7.1
Vote Cast for President by Major Political Party:
1996 to 2004 Democratic
Republican
Other major candidates1
Millions of votes
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1996 2000 2004
1Candidates with 1 million or more votes: 1996—Reform, Ross Perot;
2000—Green, Ralph Nader.
Source: Chart prepared by U.S. Census Bureau. For data, see Tables 380 and 381.
236 Elections
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 380. Vote Cast for President by Major Political Party: 1948 to 2004
[In thousands (48,834 represents 48,834,000), except percent and electoral vote. Prior to 1960, excludes Alaska and Hawaii;
prior to 1964, excludes DC. Vote cast for major party candidates includes the votes of minor parties cast for those candidates]
Table 381. Vote Cast for Leading Minority Party Candidates for President:
1948 to 2004
[In thousands (1,169 represents 1,169,000). See headnote, Table 380. Data do not include write-ins, scatterings, or votes for
candidates who ran on party tickets not shown]
Popular Popular
Year Candidate Party vote Candidate Party vote
(1,000) (1,000)
1948 . . Strom Thurmond . . . States’ Rights. . . . . . . 1,169 Henry Wallace . . . . . Progressive . . . . . . . . 1,156
1952 . . Vincent Hallinan . . . . Progressive . . . . . . . . 135 Stuart Hamblen . . . . Prohibition . . . . . . . . . 73
1
1956 . T. Coleman Andrews . States’ Rights. . . . . . . 91 Eric Hass . . . . . . . . Socialist Labor . . . . . . 41
1960 . . Eric Hass . . . . . . . . Socialist Labor . . . . . . 46 Rutherford Decker . . Prohibition . . . . . . . . . 46
1964 . . Eric Hass . . . . . . . . Socialist Labor . . . . . . 43 Clifton DeBerry . . . . Socialist Workers . . . . 22
1968 . . George Wallace . . . . American Independent . 9,446 Henning Blomen . . . Socialist Labor . . . . . . 52
1
1972 . John Schmitz. . . . . . American. . . . . . . . . . 993 Benjamin Spock . . . . People’s . . . . . . . . . . 9
1976 . . Eugene McCarthy . . Independent . . . . . . . 680 Roger McBride. . . . . Libertarian . . . . . . . . . 172
1980 . . John Anderson . . . . Independent . . . . . . . 5,251 Ed Clark . . . . . . . . . Libertarian . . . . . . . . . 920
1984 . . David Bergland . . . . Libertarian . . . . . . . . . 227 Lyndon H. LaRouche. Independent . . . . . . . 79
1988 . . Ron Paul . . . . . . . . Libertarian . . . . . . . . . 410 Lenora B. Fulani . . . New Alliance . . . . . . . 129
1992 . . H. Ross Perot . . . . . Independent . . . . . . . 19,722 Andre Marrou . . . . . Libertarian . . . . . . . . . 281
1996 . . H. Ross Perot . . . . . Reform . . . . . . . . . . . 7,137 Ralph Nader . . . . . . Green . . . . . . . . . . . . 527
2000 . . Ralph Nader . . . . . . Green . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,530 Pat Buchanan . . . . . Reform . . . . . . . . . . . 324
2004 . . Ralph Nader . . . . . . Green . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Michael Badnarik . . . Libertarian . . . . . . . . . 369
1
Data include write-ins, scatterings, and/or votes for candidates who ran on party tickets not shown.
Source: U.S. House of Representatives, Office of the Clerk, Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election, biennial.
See also <http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/election.html>.
Elections 237
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 383. Electoral Vote Cast for President by Major Political Party—States:
1964 to 2004
[D = Democratic, R = Republican. For composition of regions, see map, inside front cover]
1 2 3 4 5 6
State 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004
Democratic . . . 486 191 17 297 49 13 111 370 379 266 251
Republican . . . 52 301 520 240 489 525 426 168 159 271 286
Northeast:
Democratic . . . . . 126 102 14 86 4 − 53 106 106 102 101
Republican . . . . . − 24 108 36 118 113 60 − − 4 −
Midwest:
Democratic . . . . . 149 31 − 58 10 10 29 100 100 68 57
Republican . . . . . − 118 145 87 135 127 108 29 29 61 66
South:
Democratic . . . . . 121 45 3 149 31 3 8 68 80 15 16
Republican . . . . . 47 77 165 20 138 174 168 116 104 168 173
West:
Democratic . . . . . 90 13 − 4 4 − 21 96 93 81 77
Republican . . . . . 5 82 102 97 98 111 90 23 26 38 47
AL . . . . . . . . . . . . . R-10 (1) R-9 D-9 R-9 R-9 R-9 R-9 R-9 R-9 R-9
AK. . . . . . . . . . . . . D-3 R-3 R-3 R-3 R-3 R-3 R-3 R-3 R-3 R-3 R-3
AZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . R-5 R-5 R-6 R-6 R-6 R-7 R-7 R-8 D-8 R-8 R-10
AR. . . . . . . . . . . . . D-6 (1) R-6 D-6 R-6 R-6 R-6 D-6 D-6 R-6 R-6
CA. . . . . . . . . . . . . D-40 R-40 R-45 R-45 R-45 R-47 R-47 D-54 D-54 D-54 D-55
CO . . . . . . . . . . . . D-6 R-6 R-7 R-7 R-7 R-8 R-8 D-8 R-8 R-8 R-9
CT. . . . . . . . . . . . . D-8 D-8 R-8 R-8 R-8 R-8 R-8 D-8 D-8 D-8 D-7
DE. . . . . . . . . . . . . D-3 R-3 R-3 D-3 R-3 R-3 R-3 D-3 D-3 D-3 D-3
5
DC . . . . . . . . . . . . D-3 D-3 D-3 D-3 D-3 D-3 D-3 D-3 D-3 D-2 D-3
FL . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-14 R-14 R-17 D-17 R-17 R-21 R-21 R-25 D-25 R-25 R-27
GA . . . . . . . . . . . . R-12 (1) R-12 D-12 D-12 R-12 R-12 D-13 R-13 R-13 R-15
HI . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-4 D-4 R-4 D-4 D-4 R-4 D-4 D-4 D-4 D-4 D-4
ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-4 R-4 R-4 R-4 R-4 R-4 R-4 R-4 R-4 R-4 R-4
IL . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-26 R-26 R-26 R-26 R-26 R-24 R-24 D-22 D-22 D-22 D-21
IN . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-13 R-13 R-13 R-13 R-13 R-12 R-12 R-12 R-12 R-12 R-11
IA . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-9 R-9 R-8 R-8 R-8 R-8 D-8 D-7 D-7 D-7 R-7
KS. . . . . . . . . . . . . D-7 R-7 R-7 R-7 R-7 R-7 R-7 R-6 R-6 R-6 R-6
KY. . . . . . . . . . . . . D-9 R-9 R-9 D-9 R-9 R-9 R-9 D-8 D-8 R-8 R-8
LA . . . . . . . . . . . . . R-10 (1) R-10 D-10 R-10 R-10 R-10 D-9 D-9 R-9 R-9
ME . . . . . . . . . . . . D-4 D-4 R-4 R-4 R-4 R-4 R-4 D-4 D-4 D-4 D-4
MD . . . . . . . . . . . . D-10 D-10 R-10 D-10 D-10 R-10 R-10 D-10 D-10 D-10 D-10
MA . . . . . . . . . . . . D-14 D-14 D-14 D-14 R-14 R-13 D-13 D-12 D-12 D-12 D-12
MI . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-21 D-21 R-21 R-21 R-21 R-20 R-20 D-18 D-18 D-18 D-17
6
MN . . . . . . . . . . . . D-10 D-10 R-10 D-10 D-10 D-10 D-10 D-10 D-10 D-10 D-9
MS . . . . . . . . . . . . R-7 (1) R-7 D-7 R-7 R-7 R-7 R-7 R-7 R-7 R-6
MO . . . . . . . . . . . . D-12 R-12 R-12 D-12 R-12 R-11 R-11 D-11 D-11 R-11 R-11
MT . . . . . . . . . . . . D-4 R-4 R-4 R-4 R-4 R-4 R-4 D-3 R-3 R-3 R-3
NE. . . . . . . . . . . . . D-5 R-5 R-5 R-5 R-5 R-5 R-5 R-5 R-5 R-5 R-5
NV. . . . . . . . . . . . . D-3 R-3 R-3 R-3 R-3 R-4 R-4 D-4 D-4 R-4 R-5
NH . . . . . . . . . . . . D-4 R-4 R-4 R-4 R-4 R-4 R-4 D-4 D-4 R-4 D-4
NJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-17 R-17 R-17 R-17 R-17 R-16 R-16 D-15 D-15 D-15 D-15
NM . . . . . . . . . . . . D-4 R-4 R-4 R-4 R-4 R-5 R-5 D-5 D-5 D-5 R-5
NY. . . . . . . . . . . . . D-43 D-43 R-41 D-41 R-41 R-36 D-36 D-33 D-33 D-33 D-31
1
NC . . . . . . . . . . . . D-13 R-12 R-13 D-13 R-13 R-13 R-13 R-14 R-14 R-14 R-15
ND . . . . . . . . . . . . D-4 R-4 R-3 R-3 R-3 R-3 R-3 R-3 R-3 R-3 R-3
OH . . . . . . . . . . . . D-26 R-26 R-25 D-25 R-25 R-23 R-23 D-21 D-21 R-21 R-20
OK . . . . . . . . . . . . D-8 R-8 R-8 R-8 R-8 R-8 R-8 R-8 R-8 R-8 R-7
OR . . . . . . . . . . . . D-6 R-6 R-6 R-6 R-6 R-7 D-7 D-7 D-7 D-7 D-7
PA . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-29 D-29 R-27 D-27 R-27 R-25 R-25 D-23 D-23 D-23 D-21
RI . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-4 D-4 R-4 D-4 D-4 R-4 D-4 D-4 D-4 D-4 D-4
SC. . . . . . . . . . . . . R-8 R-8 R-8 D-8 R-8 R-8 R-8 R-8 R-8 R-8 R-8
SD. . . . . . . . . . . . . D-4 R-4 R-4 R-4 R-4 R-3 R-3 R-3 R-3 R-3 R-3
TN. . . . . . . . . . . . . D-11 R-11 R-10 D-10 R-10 R-11 R-11 D-11 D-11 R-11 R-11
TX . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-25 D-25 R-26 D-26 R-26 R-29 R-29 R-32 R-32 R-32 R-34
UT. . . . . . . . . . . . . D-4 R-4 R-4 R-4 R-4 R-5 R-5 R-5 R-5 R-5 R-5
VT . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-3 R-3 R-3 R-3 R-3 R-3 R-3 D-3 D-3 D-3 D-3
2
VA . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-12 R-12 R-11 R-12 R-12 R-12 R-12 R-13 R-13 R-13 R-13
3
WA . . . . . . . . . . . . D-9 D-9 R-9 R-8 R-9 R-10 D-10 D-11 D-11 D-11 D-11
4
WV . . . . . . . . . . . . D-7 D-7 R-6 D-6 D-6 R-6 D-5 D-5 D-5 R-5 R-5
WI . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-12 R-12 R-11 D-11 R-11 R-11 D-11 D-11 D-11 D-11 D-10
WY . . . . . . . . . . . . D-3 R-3 R-3 R-3 R-3 R-3 R-3 R-3 R-3 R-3 R-3
− Represents zero. 1 Excludes 46 electoral votes cast for American Independent George C. Wallace as follows: AL 10, AR
6, GA 12, LA 10, MS 7, and NC 1. 2 Excludes one electoral vote cast for Libertarian John Hospers in Virginia. 3 Excludes one
electoral vote cast for Ronald Reagan in Washington. 4 Excludes one electoral vote cast for Lloyd Bentsen for President in West
Virginia. 5 Excludes one electoral vote left blank by a Democratic elector in the District of Columbia. 6 Excludes one electoral
vote cast for Democratic vice presidential nominee John Edwards in Minnesota.
Source: U.S. House of Representatives, Office of the Clerk, Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election, biennial.
See also <http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/election.html>.
238 Elections
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 384. Popular Vote Cast for President by Political Party—States:
2000 and 2004
[In thousands (105,594 represents 105,594,000), except percent]
2000 2004
Percent of Percent of
total vote total vote
State
Demo- Repub- Demo- Repub- Demo- Repub- Demo- Repub-
cratic lican cratic lican cratic lican cratic lican
1 1
Total Party Party Party Party Total Party Party Party Party
United States. . 105,594 50,996 50,465 48.3 47.8 122,349 58,895 61,873 48.1 50.6
Alabama . . . . . . . . . 1,666 693 941 41.6 56.5 1,883 694 1,176 36.8 62.5
Alaska . . . . . . . . . . 286 79 167 27.7 58.6 313 111 191 35.5 61.1
Arizona. . . . . . . . . . 1,532 685 782 44.7 51.0 2,013 894 1,104 44.4 54.9
Arkansas . . . . . . . . 922 423 473 45.9 51.3 1,055 470 573 44.5 54.3
California . . . . . . . . 10,966 5,861 4,567 53.4 41.7 12,421 6,745 5,510 54.3 44.4
Colorado. . . . . . . . . 1,741 738 884 42.4 50.8 2,130 1,002 1,101 47.0 51.7
Connecticut . . . . . . . 1,460 816 561 55.9 38.4 1,579 857 694 54.3 43.9
Delaware . . . . . . . . 328 180 137 55.0 41.9 375 200 172 53.3 45.8
District of Columbia . 202 172 18 85.2 9.0 228 203 21 89.2 9.3
Florida . . . . . . . . . . 5,963 2,912 2,913 48.8 48.8 7,610 3,584 3,965 47.1 52.1
Georgia . . . . . . . . . 2,583 1,116 1,420 43.2 55.0 3,302 1,366 1,914 41.4 58.0
Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . 368 205 138 55.8 37.5 429 232 194 54.0 45.3
Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . 502 139 337 27.6 67.2 598 181 409 30.3 68.4
Illinois . . . . . . . . . . 4,742 2,589 2,019 54.6 42.6 5,274 2,892 2,346 54.8 44.5
Indiana . . . . . . . . . . 2,199 902 1,246 41.0 56.6 2,468 969 1,479 39.3 59.9
Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . 1,353 639 634 47.2 46.9 1,507 742 752 49.2 49.9
Kansas. . . . . . . . . . 1,072 399 622 37.2 58.0 1,188 435 736 36.6 62.0
Kentucky . . . . . . . . 1,544 639 873 41.4 56.5 1,796 713 1,069 39.7 59.5
Louisiana . . . . . . . . 1,766 792 928 44.9 52.6 1,943 820 1,102 42.2 56.7
Maine. . . . . . . . . . . 652 320 287 49.1 44.0 741 397 330 53.6 44.6
Maryland . . . . . . . . 2,025 1,144 814 56.5 40.2 2,384 1,334 1,025 56.0 43.0
Massachusetts. . . . . 2,734 1,616 879 59.1 32.1 2,927 1,804 1,071 61.6 36.6
Michigan. . . . . . . . . 4,233 2,170 1,953 51.3 46.1 4,839 2,479 2,314 51.2 47.8
Minnesota . . . . . . . . 2,439 1,168 1,110 47.9 45.5 2,828 1,445 1,347 51.1 47.6
Mississippi . . . . . . . 994 405 573 40.7 57.6 1,140 458 673 40.2 59.0
Missouri . . . . . . . . . 2,360 1,111 1,190 47.1 50.4 2,731 1,259 1,456 46.1 53.3
Montana . . . . . . . . . 411 137 240 33.4 58.4 450 174 266 38.6 59.1
Nebraska . . . . . . . . 697 232 434 33.3 62.2 778 254 513 32.7 65.9
Nevada . . . . . . . . . 609 280 302 45.9 49.5 830 397 419 47.9 50.5
New Hampshire . . . . 569 266 274 46.8 48.1 678 341 331 50.2 48.8
New Jersey . . . . . . . 3,187 1,789 1,284 56.1 40.3 3,612 1,911 1,670 52.9 46.2
New Mexico . . . . . . 599 287 286 47.9 47.8 756 371 377 49.0 49.8
New York . . . . . . . . 6,960 4,108 2,403 59.0 34.5 7,448 4,181 2,807 56.1 37.7
North Carolina . . . . . 2,915 1,258 1,631 43.1 56.0 3,501 1,526 1,961 43.6 56.0
North Dakota . . . . . . 288 95 175 33.1 60.7 313 111 197 35.5 62.9
Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . 4,702 2,184 2,350 46.4 50.0 5,628 2,741 2,860 48.7 50.8
Oklahoma . . . . . . . . 1,234 474 744 38.4 60.3 1,464 504 960 34.4 65.6
Oregon. . . . . . . . . . 1,534 720 714 47.0 46.5 1,837 943 867 51.3 47.2
Pennsylvania . . . . . . 4,912 2,486 2,281 50.6 46.4 5,770 2,938 2,794 50.9 48.4
Rhode Island . . . . . . 409 250 131 61.0 31.9 437 260 169 59.4 38.7
South Carolina. . . . . 1,384 566 787 40.9 56.9 1,618 662 938 40.9 58.0
South Dakota . . . . . 316 119 191 37.6 60.3 388 149 233 38.4 59.9
Tennessee . . . . . . . 2,076 982 1,062 47.3 51.1 2,437 1,036 1,384 42.5 56.8
Texas . . . . . . . . . . . 6,408 2,434 3,800 38.0 59.3 7,411 2,833 4,527 38.2 61.1
Utah . . . . . . . . . . . 771 203 515 26.3 66.8 928 241 664 26.0 71.5
Vermont . . . . . . . . . 294 149 120 50.6 40.7 312 184 121 58.9 38.8
Virginia. . . . . . . . . . 2,739 1,217 1,437 44.4 52.5 3,195 1,455 1,717 45.5 53.7
Washington . . . . . . . 2,487 1,248 1,109 50.2 44.6 2,859 1,510 1,305 52.8 45.6
West Virginia . . . . . . 648 295 336 45.6 51.9 756 327 424 43.2 56.1
Wisconsin . . . . . . . . 2,599 1,243 1,237 47.8 47.6 2,997 1,490 1,478 49.7 49.3
Wyoming . . . . . . . . 214 60 148 28.3 69.2 244 71 168 29.0 68.7
1
Includes other parties.
Source: U.S. House of Representatives, Office of the Clerk, Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election, biennial.
See also <http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/election.html>.
Elections 239
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 385. Vote Cast for United States Senators, 2004 and 2006, and
Incumbent Senators, 2008—States
[1,839 represents 1,839,000. D = Democrat, R = Republican, I = Independent]
1
2004 2006 Incumbent senators and year term expires
Percent Percent
State for for
Total leading Total leading
(1,000) 2 party (1,000) 2 party Name, party, and year Name, party, and year
Alabama . . . . . . . 1,839 R-67.5 (X) (X) Jeffrey Sessions (R) 2009 Richard Shelby (R) 2011
Alaska . . . . . . . . . 308 R-48.6 (X) (X) Lisa Murkowski (R) 2011 Ted Stevens (R) 2009
Arizona . . . . . . . . 1,962 R-76.7 1,527 R-53.3 Jon Kyl (R) 2013 John McCain (R) 2011
Arkansas . . . . . . . 1,039 D-55.9 (X) (X) Blanche Lincoln (D) 2011 Mark Pryor (D) 2009
California . . . . . . . 12,053 D-57.7 8,541 D-59.4 Barbara Boxer (D) 2011 Dianne Feinstein (D) 2013
Colorado . . . . . . . 2,107 D-51.3 (X) (X) Wayne Allard (R) 2009 Ken Salazar (D) 2011
Connecticut . . . . . 1,425 D-66.4 1,135 D-39.7 Christopher Dodd (D) 2011 Joseph Lieberman (I) 2013
Delaware . . . . . . . (X) (X) 243 D-70.2 Joseph Biden (D) 2009 Thomas Carper (D) 2013
Florida . . . . . . . . . 7,430 R-49.4 4,794 D-60.3 Mel Martinez (R) 2011 Bill Nelson (D) 2013
Georgia . . . . . . . . 3,221 R-57.8 (X) (X) Saxby Chambliss (R) 2009 Johnny Isakson (R) 2011
Hawaii . . . . . . . . . 415 D-75.5 343 D-61.3 Daniel Akaka (D) 2013 Daniel Inouye (D) 2011
Idaho. . . . . . . . . . 504 R-99.2 (X) (X) Larry Craig (R) 2009 Michael Crapo (R) 2011
Illinois . . . . . . . . . 5,142 D-70.0 (X) (X) Richard Durbin (D) 2009 Barack Obama (D) 2011
Indiana . . . . . . . . 2,428 D-61.6 1,341 R-87.4 Evan Bayh (D) 2011 Richard Lugar (R) 2013
Iowa . . . . . . . . . . 1,479 R-70.2 (X) (X) Chuck Grassley (R) 2011 Tom Harkin (D) 2009
Kansas . . . . . . . . 1,129 R-69.2 (X) (X) Sam Brownback (R) 2011 Pat Roberts (R) 2009
Kentucky . . . . . . . 1,724 R-50.7 (X) (X) Jim Bunning (R) 2011 Mitch McConnell (R) 2009
Louisiana 3 . . . . . . 1,848 R-51.0 (X) (X) Mary Landrieu (D) 2009 David Vitter (R) 2011
Maine . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) 545 R-74.4 Susan Collins (R) 2009 Olympia Snowe (R) 2013
Maryland . . . . . . . 2,322 D-64.8 62 R-68.0 Barbara Mikulski (D) 2011 Benjamin Cardin (D) 2013
Massachusetts . . . (X) (X) 2,244 D-66.9 Edward Kennedy (D) 2013 John Kerry (D) 2009
Michigan . . . . . . . (X) (X) 3,780 D-56.9 Carl Levin (D) 2009 Debbie Stabenow (D) 2013
Minnesota . . . . . . (X) (X) 2,203 D-58.1 Norm Coleman (R) 2009 Amy Klobuchar (D) 2013
Mississippi . . . . . . (X) (X) 611 R-63.6 Thad Cochran (R) 2009 Roger Wicker (R) 2013
Missouri . . . . . . . . 2,706 R-56.1 2,128 D-49.6 Christopher Bond (R) 2011 Claire McCaskill (D) 2013
Montana . . . . . . . (X) (X) 407 D-49.2 Max Baucus (D) 2009 John Tester (D) 2013
Nebraska . . . . . . . (X) (X) 592 D-63.9 Chuck Hagel (R) 2009 Ben Nelson (D) 2013
Nevada . . . . . . . . 810 D-61.1 583 R-55.4 John Ensign (R) 2013 Harry Reid (D) 2011
New Hampshire. . . 657 R-66.2 (X) (X) Judd Gregg (R) 2011 John Sununu (R) 2009
New Jersey . . . . . (X) (X) 102 D-57.2 Robert Menendez (D) 2013 Frank Lautenberg (D) 2009
New Mexico . . . . . (X) (X) 559 D-70.6 Jeff Bingaman (D) 2013 Pete Domenici (R) 2009
New York . . . . . . . 7,448 D-58.9 4,701 D-57.4 Hillary Clinton (D) 2013 Charles Schumer (D) 2011
North Carolina. . . . 3,472 R-51.6 (X) (X) Richard Burr (R) 2011 Elizabeth Dole (R) 2009
North Dakota . . . . 311 D-68.3 218 D-68.8 Kent Conrad (D) 2013 Byron Dorgan (D) 2011
Ohio . . . . . . . . . . 5,426 R-63.8 2,258 D-100.0 Sherrod Brown (D) 2013 George Voinovich (R) 2011
Oklahoma . . . . . . 1,447 R-52.8 (X) (X) Tom Coburn (R) 2011 James Inhofe (R) 2009
Oregon . . . . . . . . 1,781 D-63.4 (X) (X) Gordon Smith (R) 2009 Ron Wyden (D) 2011
Pennsylvania . . . . 5,559 R-52.6 2,393 D-100.0 Robert Casey Jr. (D) 2013 Arlen Specter (R) 2011
Rhode Island . . . . (X) (X) 385 D-53.5 Sheldon Whitehouse (D) 2013 Jack Reed (D) 2009
South Carolina . . . 1,597 R-53.7 (X) (X) Jim DeMint (R) 2011 Lindsey Graham (R) 2009
South Dakota . . . . 391 R-50.6 (X) (X) Tim Johnson (D) 2009 John Thune (R) 2011
Tennessee . . . . . . (X) (X) 1,834 R-50.7 Lamar Alexander (R) 2009 Bob Corker (R) 2013
Texas . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) 4,315 R-61.7 John Cornyn (R) 2009 Kay Hutchinson (R) 2013
Utah . . . . . . . . . . 912 R-68.7 571 R-62.4 Robert Bennett (R) 2011 Orrin Hatch (R) 2013
Vermont . . . . . . . . 307 D-70.6 262 R-32.4 Bernard Sanders (I) 2013 Patrick Leahy (D) 2011
Virginia . . . . . . . . (X) (X) 2,370 D-49.6 Jim Webb (D) 2013 John Warner (R) 2009
Washington . . . . . 2,819 D-55.0 2,084 D-56.9 Maria Cantwell (D) 2013 Patty Murray (D) 2011
West Virginia . . . . (X) (X) 207 D-77.0 Robert Byrd (D) 2013 John Rockefeller (D) 2009
Wisconsin. . . . . . . 2,950 D-55.4 2,138 D-67.3 Russell Feingold (D) 2011 Herb Kohl (D) 2013
Wyoming . . . . . . . (X) (X) 196 R-68.9 Michael Enzi (R) 2009 John Barrasso (R) 2013
X Not applicable. 1 As of March 13, 2008. 2 Includes vote cast for minor parties. 3 Louisiana holds an open-primary
election with candidates from all parties running on the same ballot. Any candidate who receives a majority is elected.
Source: U.S. House of Representatives, Office of the Clerk, Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election, biennial.
See also <http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/index.html>.
240 Elections
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 386. Vote Cast for United States Representatives by Major Political
Party—States: 2002 to 2006
[In thousands (74,707 represents 74,707,000), except percent. R = Republican, D = Democrat, and I = Independent. In each
state, totals represent the sum of votes cast in each Congressional District or votes cast for Representative-at-Large in states where
only one member is elected. In all years there are numerous districts within the state where either the Republican or Democratic
party had no candidate. In some states the Republican and Democratic vote includes votes cast for the party candidate by endors-
ing parties]
AL . . . . . . . 1,269 507 695 R-54.7 1,793 708 1,080 R-60.2 1,199 502 686 R-57.2
AK . . . . . . . 228 39 170 R-74.5 300 67 213 R-71.1 235 94 133 R-56.6
AZ . . . . . . . 1,194 472 682 R-57.1 1,871 598 1,128 R-60.3 1,493 627 771 R-51.7
AR . . . . . . . 688 392 284 D-57.0 791 426 358 D-53.9 763 457 306 D-59.8
CA . . . . . . . 7,258 3,731 3,226 D-51.4 11,624 6,224 5,031 D-53.5 8,293 4,720 3,314 D-56.9
CO . . . . . . . 1,397 589 753 R-53.9 2,039 995 992 D-48.8 1,539 833 624 D-54.1
CT . . . . . . . 989 509 466 D-51.5 1,429 786 630 D-55.0 1,075 649 420 D-60.4
DE . . . . . . . 228 61 165 R-72.1 356 106 246 R-69.1 252 98 144 R-57.2
FL 2. . . . . . . 3,767 1,537 2,161 R-57.4 5,627 2,212 3,319 R-59.0 3,852 1,600 2,183 R-56.7
GA . . . . . . . 1,919 814 1,105 R-57.6 2,961 1,141 1,820 R-61.5 2,070 932 1,138 R-55.0
HI . . . . . . . . 360 232 117 D-64.5 417 262 148 D-62.9 338 220 118 D-65.0
ID . . . . . . . . 405 138 256 R-63.3 572 171 401 R-70.1 445 177 248 R-55.7
IL . . . . . . . . 3,429 1,741 1,657 D-50.8 4,989 2,675 2,272 D-53.6 3,453 1,986 1,423 D-57.5
IN . . . . . . . . 1,521 641 841 R-55.3 2,416 999 1,382 R-57.2 1,667 812 832 R-49.9
IA . . . . . . . . 1,013 454 546 R-54.0 1,458 625 823 R-56.4 1,033 493 522 R-50.6
KS . . . . . . . 830 260 536 R-64.6 1,156 387 724 R-62.6 845 369 459 R-54.3
KY . . . . . . . 1,094 351 694 R-63.4 1,635 602 1,017 R-62.2 1,254 602 612 R-48.8
LA . . . . . . . 1,140 391 668 R-58.6 1,259 478 780 R-62.0 916 309 580 R-63.3
ME . . . . . . . 495 290 206 D-58.5 710 418 283 D-58.9 536 351 163 D-65.4
MD . . . . . . . 1,659 904 753 D-54.5 2,254 1,311 896 D-58.2 1,701 1,099 547 D-64.6
MA . . . . . . . 2,220 1,529 290 D-68.8 2,927 2,060 435 D-70.4 2,244 1,632 199 D-72.7
MI . . . . . . . . 3,056 1,507 1,474 D-49.3 4,631 2,242 2,289 R-49.4 3,646 1,923 1,625 D-52.7
MN . . . . . . . 2,202 1,098 1,030 D-49.9 2,722 1,400 1,236 D-51.4 2,179 1,153 925 D-52.9
MS . . . . . . . 678 320 339 R-50.0 1,116 335 659 R-59.0 601 260 304 R-50.7
MO . . . . . . . 1,854 829 986 R-53.2 2,667 1,193 1,430 R-53.6 2,097 992 1,049 R-50.0
MT . . . . . . . 331 108 214 R-64.6 444 146 286 R-64.4 406 159 239 R-58.9
NE . . . . . . . 474 47 387 R-81.6 765 231 515 R-67.3 596 262 334 R-56.1
NV . . . . . . . 502 171 301 R-60.0 791 334 421 R-53.2 575 288 260 D-50.1
NH . . . . . . . 443 176 255 R-57.5 652 244 396 R-60.8 403 209 190 D-52.0
NJ. . . . . . . . 2,006 1,030 934 D-51.4 3,285 1,721 1,515 D-52.4 2,137 1,208 903 D-56.5
NM . . . . . . . 437 262 175 D-59.9 743 385 358 D-51.8 561 313 248 D-55.8
NY . . . . . . . 4,701 1,778 1,526 D-37.8 7,448 3,457 2,209 D-46.4 4,687 2,538 1,160 D-54.1
NC . . . . . . . 2,244 971 1,209 R-53.9 3,413 1,670 1,743 R-51.1 1,941 1,027 914 D-52.9
ND . . . . . . . 231 121 110 D-52.4 311 185 126 D-59.6 218 143 75 D-65.7
OH . . . . . . . 3,158 1,332 1,776 R-56.2 5,184 2,515 2,650 R-51.1 3,961 2,082 1,870 D-52.6
OK . . . . . . . 1,002 392 547 R-54.6 1,375 389 875 R-63.7 905 373 518 R-57.2
OR . . . . . . . 1,240 677 529 D-54.6 1,772 952 762 D-53.7 1,357 766 557 D-56.4
PA . . . . . . . 3,310 1,349 1,859 R-56.2 5,151 2,478 2,565 R-49.8 4,011 2,229 1,732 D-55.6
RI . . . . . . . . 329 225 97 D-68.3 402 279 113 D-69.5 373 265 42 D-71.0
SC . . . . . . . 984 345 569 R-57.8 1,439 486 913 R-63.5 1,086 473 600 R-55.2
SD . . . . . . . 337 154 180 R-53.5 389 208 179 D-53.4 334 230 98 D-69.1
TN . . . . . . . 1,529 708 771 R-50.4 2,219 1,032 1,161 R-52.3 1,715 861 800 D-50.2
TX . . . . . . . 4,295 1,885 2,291 R-53.3 6,959 2,714 4,013 R-57.7 4,141 1,831 2,094 R-50.6
UT . . . . . . . 557 221 322 R-57.8 909 362 520 R-57.3 570 244 292 R-51.3
VT . . . . . . . 225 (X) 73 I-64.3 305 22 74 I-67.5 263 140 117 D-53.2
VA . . . . . . . 1,516 440 956 R-63.0 3,004 1,023 1,817 R-60.5 2,297 947 1,223 R-53.2
WA . . . . . . . 1,739 907 779 D-52.2 2,730 1,609 1,095 D-58.9 2,054 1,244 798 D-60.6
WV . . . . . . . 400 264 136 D-66.0 722 415 303 D-57.6 455 264 191 D-58.0
WI. . . . . . . . 1,638 677 889 R-54.3 2,822 1,369 1,381 R-48.9 2,063 1,003 1,040 R-50.4
WY . . . . . . . 182 66 110 R-60.5 239 100 132 R-55.2 196 92 93 R-47.6
1 2
X Not applicable. Includes votes cast for minor parties. State law does not require tabulation of votes for unopposed
candidates.
Source: U.S. House of Representatives, Office of the Clerk, Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election, biennial.
See also <http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/index.html>.
Elections 241
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 387. Vote Cast for United States Representatives by Major Political
Party—Congressional Districts: 2006
[In some states the Democratic and Republican vote includes votes cast for the party candidate by endorsing parties]
242 Elections
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 387. Vote Cast for United States Representatives by Major Political
Party—Congressional Districts: 2006—Con.
[See headnote, p. 242]
Elections 243
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 387. Vote Cast for United States Representatives by Major Political
Party—Congressional Districts: 2006—Con.
[See headnote, p. 242]
244 Elections
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 387. Vote Cast for United States Representatives by Major Political
Party—Congressional Districts: 2006—Con.
[See headnote, p. 242]
House Senate
Year Majority Minority Majority Minority
Party and president Congress party party Other party party Other
1
1975 . . . . .
R (Ford) . . . . . . . . . . . 94th . . . . . . . . D-291 R-144 − D-61 R-37 2
2
1977 . . . . .
D (Carter) . . . . . . . . . . 95th . . . . . . . . D-292 R-143 − D-61 R-38 1
2
1979 . . . . .
D (Carter) . . . . . . . . . . 96th . . . . . . . . D-277 R-158 − D-58 R-41 1
2
1981 . . . . .
R (Reagan) . . . . . . . . . 97th . . . . . . . . D-242 R-192 1 R-53 D-46 1
1983 . . . . . .
R (Reagan) . . . . . . . . . 98th . . . . . . . . D-269 R-166 − R-54 D-46 −
1985 . . . . . .
R (Reagan) . . . . . . . . . 99th . . . . . . . . D-253 R-182 − R-53 D-47 −
1987 . . . . . .
R (Reagan) . . . . . . . . . 100th . . . . . . . D-258 R-177 − D-55 R-45 −
1989 . . . . . .
R (Bush) . . . . . . . . . . . 101st . . . . . . . D-260 R-175 − D-55 R-45 −
1991 3 . . . . .
R (Bush) . . . . . . . . . . . 102d . . . . . . . . D-267 R-167 1 D-56 R-44 −
1993 3 . . . . .
D (Clinton) . . . . . . . . . . 103d . . . . . . . . D-258 R-176 1 D-57 R-43 −
1995 3 . . . . .
D (Clinton) . . . . . . . . . . 104th . . . . . . . R-230 D-204 1 R-52 D-48 −
1997 4 . . . . .
D (Clinton) . . . . . . . . . . 105th . . . . . . . R-226 D-207 2 R-55 D-45 −
1999 3 . . . . .
D (Clinton) . . . . . . . . . . 106th . . . . . . . R-223 D-211 1 R-55 D-45 −
2001 4 . . . . .
R (Bush) . . . . . . . . . . . 107th . . . . . . . R-221 D-212 2 D-50 R-50 −
2003 5, 6 . . . .
R (Bush) . . . . . . . . . . . 108th . . . . . . . R-229 D-204 1 R-51 D-48 1
2005 5 . . . . .
R (Bush) . . . . . . . . . . . 109th . . . . . . . R-232 D-202 1 R-55 D-44 1
7 . . . . .
2007 7, 8, 9 R (Bush) . . . . . . . . . . . 110th . . . . . . . D-233 R-202 − D-49 R-49 2
2008 . .. R (Bush) . . . . . . . . . . . 110th . . . . . . . D-233 R-198 − D-49 R-49 2
− Represents zero. 1 Senate had one Independent and one Conservative-Republican. 2 Senate had one Independent.
3
House had one Independent-Socialist. 4 House had one Independent-Socialist and one Independent. 5 House and Senate
each had one Independent. 6 House had one vacancy. 7 Senate had two Independents. 8 House had 4 vacancies. 9As of
beginning of second session, 13 March 2008.
Source: U.S. House of Representatives, Office of the Clerk, Official List of Members, annual. See also <http://clerk.house.gov
/member_info/olm_110.pdf>.
Elections 245
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 389. Composition of Congress by Political Party Affiliation—States:
2003 to 2008
[Figures are for the beginning of the first session (as of January 3), except as noted. Dem. = Democratic; Rep. = Republican]
Representatives Senators
108th 109th 110th 110th 108th 109th 110th 110th
State Cong., 1 Cong., 1, 2, 3 Cong., Cong., 4, 5 Cong., 6 Cong., 2, 6 Cong., 7 Cong., 4, 7
2003 2005 2007 2008 2003 2005 2007 2008
Dem. Rep. Dem. Rep. Dem. Rep. Dem. Rep. Dem. Rep. Dem. Rep. Dem. Rep. Dem. Rep.
U.S. . . 205 229 202 231 233 202 233 198 48 51 44 55 49 49 49 49
AL . .... . . 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 − 2 − 2 − 2 − 2
AK. .... . . − 1 − 1 − 1 − 1 − 2 − 2 − 2 − 2
AZ . .... . . 2 6 2 6 4 4 4 4 − 2 − 2 − 2 − 2
AR. .... . . 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 2 − 2 − 2 − 2 −
CA. .... . . 33 20 33 20 34 19 33 19 2 − 2 − 2 − 2 −
CO . . . . . . 2 5 3 4 4 3 4 3 − 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
CT. . . . . . . 2 3 2 3 4 1 4 1 2 − 2 − 1 − 1 −
DE. . . . . . . − 1 − 1 − 1 − 1 2 − 2 − 2 − 2 −
FL . . . . . . . 7 18 7 18 9 16 9 16 2 − 1 1 1 1 1 1
GA . . . . . . 5 8 6 7 6 7 6 7 1 1 − 2 − 2 − 2
HI . . . . . . . 2 − 2 − 2 − 2 − 2 − 2 − 2 − 2 −
ID . . . . . . . − 2 − 2 − 2 − 2 − 2 − 2 − 2 − 2
IL . . . . . . . 9 10 10 9 10 9 11 8 1 1 2 − 2 − 2 −
IN . . . . . . . 3 6 2 7 5 4 5 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
IA . . . . . . . 1 4 1 4 3 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
KS. . . . . . . 1 3 1 3 2 2 2 2 − 2 − 2 − 2 − 2
KY. . . . . . . 1 5 1 5 2 4 2 4 − 2 − 2 − 2 − 2
LA . . . . . . . 3 4 2 5 2 5 2 3 2 − 1 1 1 1 1 1
ME . . . . . . 2 − 2 − 2 − 2 − − 2 − 2 − 2 − 2
MD . . . . . . 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 2 − 2 − 2 − 2 −
MA . . . . . . 10 − 10 − 10 − 10 − 2 − 2 − 2 − 2 −
MI . . . . . . . 6 9 6 9 6 9 6 9 2 − 2 − 2 − 2 −
MN . . . . . . 4 4 4 4 5 3 5 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
MS . . . . . . 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 − 2 − 2 − 2 − 2
MO . . . . . . 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 − 2 − 2 1 1 1 1
MT . . . . . . − 1 − 1 − 1 − 1 1 1 1 1 2 − 2 −
NE. . . . . . . − 3 − 3 − 3 − 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
NV. . . . . . . 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
NH . . . . . . − 2 − 2 2 − 2 − − 2 − 2 − 2 − 2
NJ . . . . . . . 7 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 2 − 2 − 2 − 2 −
NM . . . . . . 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
NY. . . . . . . 19 10 20 9 23 6 23 6 2 − 2 − 2 − 2 −
NC . . . . . . 6 7 6 7 7 6 7 6 1 1 − 2 − 2 − 2
ND . . . . . . 1 − 1 − 1 − 1 − 2 − 2 − 2 − 2 −
OH . . . . . . 6 12 6 11 7 11 7 11 − 2 − 2 1 1 1 1
OK . . . . . . 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 − 2 − 2 − 2 − 2
OR . . . . . . 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
PA . . . . . . . 7 12 7 12 11 8 11 8 − 2 − 2 1 1 1 1
RI . . . . . . . 2 − 2 − 2 − 2 − 1 1 1 1 2 − 2 −
SC. . . . . . . 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 1 1 − 2 − 2 − 2
SD. . . . . . . − 1 1 − 1 − 1 − 2 − 1 1 1 1 1 1
TN. . . . . . . 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 − 2 − 2 − 2 − 2
TX . . . . . . . 17 15 11 21 13 19 13 19 − 2 − 2 − 2 − 2
UT. . . . . . . 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 − 2 − 2 − 2 − 2
VT . . . . . . . − − − − 1 − 1 − 1 − 1 − 1 − 1 −
VA . . . . . . . 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 − 2 − 2 1 1 1 1
WA . . . . . . 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 2 − 2 − 2 − 2 −
WV . . . . . . 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 − 2 − 2 − 2 −
WI . . . . . . . 4 4 4 4 5 3 5 3 2 − 2 − 2 − 2 −
WY . . . . . . − 1 − 1 − 1 − 1 − 2 − 2 − 2 − 2
− Represents zero. 1 Vermont had one Independent-Socialist representative. 2 Ohio had one vacancy due to the
resignation of Rob Portman, 29 April 2005. 3 As of June 28, 2005. 4 As of beginning of second session, 13 March 2008.
5
4 vacancies—one in California due to the death of Tom Lantos, 11 February 2008; two in Louisiana due to the resignations of
Bobby Jindal, 14 January 2008, and Richard Baker, 2 February 2008; and one in Mississippi due to the resignation of Roger
6
Wicker, 31 December 2007. Vermont had one Independent senator. (Jeffords was reelected in Vermont in 2000 as a
7
Republican, but subsequently switched to Independent status in June 2001.) Vermont and Connecticut both had one
Independent senator.
Source: U.S. Congress, Joint Committee on Printing, Congressional Directory, biennial through 2001; Starting in 2003, Office
of the Clerk, Official List of Members by State, annual. See also <http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/olm_110.pdf>.
246 Elections
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 390. Members of Congress—Selected Characteristics: 1993 to 2007
[As of beginning of first session of each Congress, (January 3), except as noted. Figures for Representatives exclude vacancies]
4
Age (in years) Seniority 5, 6
Members of Congress Less 10 20 30
and year 40 50 60 70 than 2 to to to yrs.
His- Under to to to and 2 9 19 29 or
1 2
Male Female Black API panic 3 40 49 59 69 over yrs. yrs. yrs. yrs. more
REPRESENTATIVES
103d Cong., 1993 7 . . . 388 47 8
38 7 17 47 151 128 89 15 118 141 132 32 12
9
104th Cong., 1995. . . . 388 47 40 7 17 53 155 135 79 13 92 188 110 36 9
9
106th Cong., 1999. . . . 379 56 39 6 19 23 116 173 87 35 41 236 104 46 7
9
107th Cong., 2001. . . . 376 59 39 7 19 14 97 167 117 35 44 155 158 63 14
9
108th Cong., 2003. . . . 376 59 39 5 22 19 86 174 121 32 54 178 140 48 13
9
109th Cong., 2005. . . . 369 65 42 4 23 22 96 175 113 28 37 173 158 48 18
9
110th Cong., 2007 . . . . 361 74 42 4 23 20 91 172 118 34 62 159 160 37 17
SENATORS
103d Cong., 1993 7 . . . 93 7 1 2 − 1 16 48 22 12 15 30 39 11 5
104th Cong., 1995. . . . 92 8 1 2 − 1 14 41 27 17 12 38 30 15 5
106th Cong., 1999. . . . 91 9 − 2 − − 14 38 35 13 8 39 33 14 6
107th Cong., 2001. . . . 87 13 − 2 − − 8 39 33 18 11 34 30 14 9
108th Cong., 2003. . . . 86 14 − 2 − 1 12 29 34 24 9 42 29 13 7
109th Cong., 2005. . . . 86 14 1 2 2 − 17 29 33 21 9 41 29 14 7
110th Cong., 2007 . . . . 84 16 1 2 3 − 11 31 34 24 12 42 24 13 9
− Represents zero. 1 Source: Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies, Washington, DC, Black Elected Officials:
Statistical Summary, annual (copyright). 2 Asian and Pacific Islanders. Source: Prior to 2005, Library of Congress, Congressional
Research Service, ‘‘Asian Pacific Americans in the United States Congress,’’ Report 94-767 GOV; starting 2005, U.S. House of
Representatives, ‘‘House Press Gallery,’’ <http://www.house.gov/daily/110th%20Hispanic.htm> (as of 8 May 2008) and U.S.
Senate, ‘‘Minorities in the Senate,’’ <http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/minority_senators.htm> (as of 8
May 2008). 3 Source: National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials, Washington, DC, National Roster of
Hispanic Elected Officials, annual. 4 Some members do not provide date of birth. 5 Represents consecutive years of service.
6
Some members do not provide years of service. 7 Includes members elected to fill vacant seats through June 14, 1993.
8
Includes District of Columbia delegate but not Virgin Islands delegate. 9 Includes District of Columbia and Virgin Islands
delegate.
Source: Except as noted, compiled by U.S. Census Bureau from data published in Congressional Directory, biennial. See also
<http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cdirectory/browse.html>.
Number of days . . . . . . . . . 280 265 290 251 272 265 243 241 164
Number of hours . . . . . . . . 1,796 1,887 2,445 2,001 2,179 1,694 1,894 1,917 1,478
Number of hours per day . . . 6.4 7.1 8.4 8.0 8.0 6.4 7.8 8.0 9.0
SENATE
Number of days . . . . . . . . . 287 291 343 296 303 322 300 297 190
Number of hours . . . . . . . . 2,292 2,514 2,876 2,188 2,200 2,279 2,486 2,250 1,376
Number of hours per day . . . 8.0 8.6 8.4 7.4 7.3 7.1 8.3 7.6 7.2
− Represents zero. 1 Laws on public matters that apply to all persons. 2 Laws designed to provide legal relief to specified
persons or entities adversely affected by laws of general applicability.
Source: U.S. Congress, Congressional Record and Daily Calendar, selected issues. See also <http://www.senate.gov
/pagelayout/reference/two_column_table/Resumes.htm>.
Elections 247
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 393. Number of Governors by Political Party Affiliation: 1975 to 2008
[Reflects figures after inaugurations for each year]
Table 394. Vote Cast for and Governor Elected by State: 2004 to 2007
[In thousands (1,250 represents 1,250,000), except percent. D = Democratic, R = Republican]
2004 2006
State Percent Percent Current
Total Repub- Demo- leading Total Repub- Demo- leading governor 2
vote 1 lican crat party vote 1 lican crat party
AL . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 1,250 718 520 R-57.4 Bob Riley
AK. . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 238 115 97 R-48.1 Sarah Palin
AZ . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 1,534 544 960 D-62.6 Janet Napolitano
AR. . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 774 315 430 D-55.5 Mike Beebe
CA. . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 8,679 4,850 3,377 R-55.9 Arnold Schwarzenegger
CO . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 1,558 626 888 D-57.0 Bill Ritter
CT. . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 1,123 710 398 R-63.2 M. Jodi Rell
DE. . . . . . . 365 167 186 D-50.9 (X) (X) (X) (X) Ruth Ann Minner
FL . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 4,829 2,520 2,178 R-52.2 Charlie Crist
GA . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 2,122 1,230 811 R-57.9 Sonny Perdue
HI . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 349 215 122 R-61.7 Linda Lingle
ID . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 489 276 199 R-52.7 C. L. ‘‘Butch’’ Otter
IL . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 3,586 1,369 1,736 D-48.4 Rod Blagojevich
IN . . . . . . . 2,448 1,303 1,114 R-53.2 (X) (X) (X) (X) Mitch Daniels
IA . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 1,059 467 569 D-53.7 Chet Culver
KS. . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 850 344 492 D-57.9 Kathleen Sebelius
KY 3 . . . . . 1,083 596 487 R-55.0 1,055 436 620 D-58.7 Steven Beshear
LA 3 . . . . . . 1,416 369 872 D-52.0 1,298 699 398 R-54.0 Bobby Jindal
ME . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 551 166 210 D-38.1 John Baldacci
MD . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 1,717 825 942 D-52.7 Martin O’Malley
MA . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 2,244 784 1,235 D-55.0 Deval Patrick
MI . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 3,801 1,608 2,143 D-56.3 Jennifer M. Granholm
MN . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 2,218 1,029 1,007 R-46.4 Tim Pawlenty
MS 3 . . . . . 894 470 410 R-52.6 744 431 313 R-57.9 Haley Barbour
MO . . . . . . 2,720 1,382 1,301 R-50.8 (X) (X) (X) (X) Matt Blunt
MT . . . . . . 456 205 225 D-50.4 (X) (X) (X) (X) Brian Schweitzer
NE. . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 593 436 145 R-73.3 Dave Heineman
NV. . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 582 279 256 R-47.9 Jim Gibbons
NH . . . . . . 684 326 340 D-51.0 404 105 298 D-74.0 John Lynch
NJ 4 . . . . . . 2,290 985 1,225 D-53.5 (X) (X) (X) (X) Jon Corzine
NM . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 559 174 385 D-68.8 Bill Richardson
NY 5 . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 4,698 1,106 2,741 D-58.3 David Paterson
NC . . . . . . 3,487 1,495 1,939 D-55.6 (X) (X) (X) (X) Michael Easley
ND . . . . . . 310 221 85 R-71.3 (X) (X) (X) (X) John Hoeven
OH . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 4,184 1,471 2,428 D-58.0 Ted Strickland
OK . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 926 310 616 R-66.5 Brad Henry
OR . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 1,400 534 579 D-41.3 Ted Kulongoski
PA . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 4,093 1,622 2,471 D-60.4 Edward Rendell
RI . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 387 197 190 R-51.0 Don Carcieri
SC. . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 1,092 602 489 R-55.1 Mark Sanford
SD. . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 356 207 121 R-61.7 Mike Rounds
TN. . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 1,819 541 1,247 D-68.6 Phil Bredesen
TX . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 4,399 1,717 1,310 R-39.0 Rick Perry
UT. . . . . . . 907 525 374 R-57.8 (X) (X) (X) (X) Jon Huntsman
VT . . . . . . . 309 182 117 R-58.7 263 148 108 R-56.3 Jim Douglas
VA 4 . . . . . . 1,984 912 1,026 D-52.0 (X) (X) (X) (X) Tim Kaine
WA . . . . . . 2,883 1,373 1,373 D-48.8 (X) (X) (X) (X) Chris Gregoire
WV . . . . . . 744 253 473 D-63.5 (X) (X) (X) (X) Joe Manchin III
WI . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 2,162 979 1,139 D-52.7 Jim Doyle
WY . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 194 58 136 D-69.8 Dave Freudenthal
1 2
X Not applicable. Includes minor party and scattered votes. As of 3 April 2008. Source: National Governors
Association, Washington, DC. See Internet site: <http://www.nga.org/>. 3 Voting years 2003 and 2007. 4 Voting year 2005.
5
Data are for Eliot Spitzer, who served from January 2007 until his resignation 17 March 2008. Lieutenant governor, David
Paterson was sworn into office on the same day.
Source: Except as noted, The Council of State Governments, Lexington, KY, The Book of States 2008, annual (copyright).
248 Elections
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 395. Composition of State Legislatures by Political Party Affiliation:
2007 and 2008
[Data as of March and reflect February election results in year shown, except as noted. Figures reflect immediate results of
elections, including holdover members in state houses which do not have all of their members running for reelection. Dem. = Demo-
crat, Rep. = Republican, Vac. = Vacancies. In general, Lower House refers to body consisting of state representatives; Upper House,
of state senators]
HI 2 . . . . . . 43 8 − − 44 7 − − 20 5 − − 21 4 − −
ID 3 . . . . . . 19 51 − − 19 51 − − 7 28 − − 7 28 − −
IL 4 . . . . . . 66 52 − − 67 51 − − 37 22 − − 37 22 − −
IN 2 . . . . . . 51 49 − − 51 49 − − 17 33 − − 17 33 − −
IA 2 . . . . . . 54 46 − − 53 47 − − 30 20 − − 30 20 − −
KS 2 . . . . . 47 78 − − 47 78 − − 10 30 − − 10 30 − −
KY 2 . . . . . 61 39 − − 64 36 − − 16 21 1 − 15 22 1 −
LA 1 . . . . . . 59 43 1 2 60 43 1 1 24 15 − − 25 14 − −
ME 3 . . . . . 89 60 2 − 90 59 2 − 18 17 − − 18 17 − −
MD 1 . . . . . 104 37 − − 104 37 − − 33 14 − − 33 14 − −
MA 3 . . . . . 141 19 − − 140 19 − 1 35 5 − − 35 5 − −
MI 2 . . . . . . 58 52 − − 58 52 − − 17 21 − − 17 21 − −
MN 2 . . . . . 85 49 − − 85 48 1 − 44 23 − − 45 22 − −
MS 1 . . . . . 74 47 − 1 75 47 − − 25 27 − − 27 25 − −
MO 2 . . . . . 71 92 − − 71 92 − − 13 21 − − 14 20 − −
MT 2 . . . . . 49 50 1 − 49 50 1 − 26 24 − − 26 24 − −
NE 5 . . . . . (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5)
NV 2 . . . . . 27 15 − − 27 15 − − 10 11 − − 10 11 − −
NH 3 . . . . . 239 161 − − 237 158 1 4 14 10 − − 14 10 − −
NJ 2 . . . . . . 49 31 − − 48 32 − − 22 18 − − 23 17 − −
NM 2 . . . . . 42 28 − − 42 28 − − 24 18 − − 24 18 − −
NY 3 . . . . . 105 45 − − 108 42 − − 29 33 − − 29 33 − −
NC 3 . . . . . 68 52 − − 68 52 − − 31 19 − − 31 19 − −
ND 1 . . . . . 33 61 − − 33 61 − − 21 26 − − 21 26 − −
OH 2 . . . . . 46 53 − − 46 53 − − 12 21 − − 12 21 − −
OK 2 . . . . . 44 57 − − 44 57 − − 24 24 − − 24 24 − −
OR 2 . . . . . 31 29 − − 31 29 − − 17 11 2 − 18 10 1 1
PA 2 . . . . . . 102 101 − − 102 101 − − 21 29 − − 21 29 − −
RI 3 . . . . . . 62 13 − − 61 13 1 − 33 5 − − 33 5 − −
SC 2 . . . . . 51 73 − − 51 73 − − 20 26 − − 19 27 − −
SD 3 . . . . . 20 50 − − 20 50 − − 15 20 − − 15 20 − −
TN 2 . . . . . 53 46 − − 53 46 − − 16 17 − − 16 16 1 −
TX 2. . . . . . 69 81 − − 71 79 − − 11 20 − − 11 20 − −
UT 2 . . . . . 20 55 − − 20 55 − − 8 21 − − 8 21 − −
VT 3 . . . . . . 93 49 8 − 93 49 8 − 23 7 − − 23 7 − −
VA 2 . . . . . . 40 57 3 − 44 54 2 − 17 23 − − 21 19 − −
WA 2 . . . . . 62 36 − − 63 35 − − 32 17 − − 32 17 − −
WV 2 . . . . . 72 28 − − 72 28 − − 23 11 − − 23 11 − −
WI 2 . . . . . . 47 52 − − 47 52 − − 18 15 − − 18 15 − −
WY 2 . . . . . 17 43 − − 17 43 − − 7 23 − − 7 23 − −
− Represents zero. 1 Members of both houses serve 4-year terms. 2 Upper House members serve 4-year terms and
Lower House members serve 2-year terms. 3 Members of both houses serve 2-year terms. 4 Illinois—4- and 2-year term
depending on district. 5 Nebraska—4-year term and only state to have a nonpartisan legislature.
Source: The Council of State Governments, Lexington, KY, The Book of States 2008, annual (copyright).
Elections 249
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 396. Political Party Control of State Legislatures by Party: 1983 to 2008
[As of beginning of year. Nebraska has a nonpartisan legislature]
Table 397. Women Holding State Public Offices by Office and State: 2007
[As of January. For data on women in U.S. Congress, see Table 390]
State- State-
wide State legislature wide State legislature
State elective State elective
executive executive
Total office 1 Total Percent 2
Total office 1 Total Percent 2
250 Elections
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 398. Black Elected Officials by Office, 1970 to 2002, and State, 2002
[As of January 2002, no Black elected officials had been identified in Montana or South Dakota]
U.S. U.S.
and and
State state City and Law State state City and Law
legisla- county enforce- Educa- legisla- county enforce- Educa-
Total tures 1 offices 2 ment 3 tion 4 Total tures 1 offices 2 ment 3 tion 4
1970 (Feb.) . . 1,469 179 715 213 362 MD . . . . . . . . 192 40 101 41 10
1980 (July). . . 4,890 326 2,832 526 1,206 MA . . . . . . . . 79 6 60 2 11
1990 (Jan.) . . 7,335 436 4,485 769 1,645 MI . . . . . . . . 353 24 153 62 114
1995 (Jan.) . . 8,385 604 4,954 987 1,840 MN . . . . . . . . 20 2 4 10 4
1999 (Jan.) . . 8,896 618 5,354 997 1,927 MS . . . . . . . . 950 46 646 121 137
2000 (Jan.) . . 9,001 621 5,420 1,037 1,923 MO . . . . . . . . 206 19 145 17 25
2001 (Jan.) . . 9,061 633 5,456 1,044 1,928 NE . . . . . . . . 9 1 5 − 3
NV . . . . . . . . 13 5 4 2 2
2002 (Jan.) . . 9,430 636 5,753 1,081 1,960 NH . . . . . . . . 5 5 − − −
AL . . . . . . . . 757 36 569 56 96 NJ . . . . . . . . 269 18 162 − 89
AK . . . . . . . . 2 1 1 − − NM . . . . . . . . 4 1 − 2 1
AZ . . . . . . . . 13 1 1 6 5 NY . . . . . . . . 328 34 90 84 120
AR . . . . . . . . 535 15 374 17 129 NC . . . . . . . . 523 28 369 31 95
CA . . . . . . . . 234 10 78 76 70 ND . . . . . . . . 1 − 1 − −
CO . . . . . . . . 17 4 5 8 − OH . . . . . . . . 305 21 197 35 52
CT . . . . . . . . 69 14 46 3 6 OK . . . . . . . . 115 6 85 4 20
DE . . . . . . . . 29 4 18 − 7 OR . . . . . . . . 5 3 1 1 −
5
DC . . . . . . . . 174 2 169 − 3 PA . . . . . . . . 215 19 85 75 36
FL . . . . . . . . 275 25 180 43 27 RI. . . . . . . . . 8 7 1 − −
GA . . . . . . . . 640 53 413 48 126 SC . . . . . . . . 547 32 345 12 158
HI. . . . . . . . . 1 1 − − − TN . . . . . . . . 195 18 118 28 31
ID. . . . . . . . . 1 − 1 − − TX . . . . . . . . 466 19 306 47 94
IL . . . . . . . . . 619 28 327 59 205 UT . . . . . . . . 5 1 3 1 −
IN. . . . . . . . . 94 13 54 13 14 VT . . . . . . . . 1 1 − − −
IA . . . . . . . . . 12 1 8 1 2 VA . . . . . . . . 248 16 132 16 84
KS . . . . . . . . 16 7 4 3 2 WA . . . . . . . . 24 2 9 11 2
KY . . . . . . . . 62 5 45 6 6 WV . . . . . . . . 19 2 13 3 1
LA . . . . . . . . 739 32 408 132 167 WI . . . . . . . . 33 8 15 5 5
ME . . . . . . . . 2 − 1 − 1 WY . . . . . . . . 1 − 1 − −
− Represents zero. 1 Includes elected state administrators. 2 County commissioners and councilmen, mayors, vice
mayors, aldermen, regional officials, and other. 3 Judges, magistrates, constables, marshals, sheriffs, justices of the peace, and
other. 4 Members of state education agencies, college boards, school boards, and other. 5 Includes one shadow senator (an
elected official who lobbied Congress on D.C. issues, but is not sworn in at the federal level and has no voting privileges).
Source: Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies, Washington, DC, Black Elected Officials: A Statistical Summary,
annual (copyright) and <http://www.jointcenter.org/publications_recent_publications/black_elected_officials>.
State State
execu- County Educa- execu- County Educa-
tives and Judicial tion tives and Judicial tion
State State
and muni- and law and and muni- and law and
legisla- cipal enforce- school legisla- cipal enforce- school
Total tors 1 officials ment boards Total tors 1 officials ment boards
1985 . . . 3,147 129 1,316 517 1,185 MD . . . . 10 4 5 − 1
1990 . . . 4,004 144 1,819 583 1,458 MA . . . . 19 4 10 − 5
1994 . . . 5,459 199 2,197 651 2,412 MI . . . . . 16 3 3 3 7
2000 . . . 5,019 217 1,852 447 2,503 MN . . . . 5 3 1 1 −
2001 . . . 5,205 223 1,846 454 2,682 MO . . . . 2 1 1 − −
2002 . . . 4,303 227 1,960 532 1,603 MT . . . . 2 1 − 1 −
2003 . . . 4,432 231 1,958 549 1,694 NE . . . . 2 1 − − 1
2004 . . . 4,651 253 2,059 638 1,723 NV . . . . 10 3 4 2 1
2005 . . . 4,853 266 2,149 678 1,760 NH . . . . 3 2 1 − −
2006 . . . 4,932 244 2,151 693 1,835 NJ. . . . . 103 8 56 − 39
NM . . . . 632 47 331 105 149
2007 . . . 4,954 270 2,152 685 1,847 NY . . . . 63 19 26 16 2
AK . . . . 1 − 1 − − NC . . . . 4 2 2 − −
AZ . . . . 346 19 135 48 144 ND . . . . 1 − 1 − −
CA . . . . 1,090 35 391 45 619 OH . . . . 5 − 4 1 −
CO . . . . 150 7 103 9 31 OK . . . . 2 − − − 2
CT . . . . 27 6 17 − 4 OR . . . . 12 2 5 5 −
DE . . . . 2 1 1 − − PA . . . . 12 1 7 2 2
FL. . . . . 131 21 77 26 7
RI . . . . . 7 3 4 − −
GA . . . . 8 3 3 2 − SC . . . . 1 1 − − −
HI . . . . . 1 1 − − −
ID . . . . . 2 2 − − − TN . . . . 2 1 1 − −
TX . . . . 2,118 43 866 402 807
IL . . . . . 92 12 61 6 13
IN . . . . . 15 1 9 3 2 UT . . . . 7 2 3 2 −
IA . . . . . 1 − 1 − − VA . . . . 3 1 1 − 1
KS . . . . 12 4 7 − 1 WA . . . . 13 3 4 − 6
KY . . . . 2 − 1 − 1 WI. . . . . 11 1 4 4 2
LA . . . . 3 − 1 2 − WY . . . . 6 2 4 − −
1
− Represents zero. Includes U.S. Senators and Representatives, not shown separately.
Source: National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials (NALEO) Educational Fund, Washington, DC, National
Directory of Latino Elected Officials, annual.
Elections 251
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 400. Voting-Age Population, Percent Reporting Registered, and Voted: 1994 to 2006
252
[190.3 represents 190,300,000. As of November. Covers civilian noninstitutional population 18 years old and over. Includes aliens. Figures are based on Current Population Survey (see text, Section 1, Population, and
Appendix III) and differ from those in Table 402 based on population estimates and official vote counts]
Elections
Voting-age population (mil.) Percent reporting they registered Percent reporting they voted
Hispanic ........................ 17.5 18.4 20.3 21.6 25.2 27.1 29.0 35.7 34.9 34.3 30.0 33.7 32.6 32.1 26.7 27.5 28.0 19.1 20.0 18.9 19.3
Region: 5
Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.4 38.3 38.5 38.9 41.1 41.0 41.2 64.7 63.7 65.3 60.9 60.8 60.8 60.3 54.5 55.2 58.6 45.2 41.2 41.4 42.8
Midwest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.5 45.2 45.9 46.4 48.8 48.4 49.1 71.6 70.2 72.8 68.7 68.2 66.5 68.3 59.3 60.9 65.0 48.8 47.3 47.1 50.7
South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.4 68.1 70.1 71.8 74.2 77.2 80.0 65.9 64.5 65.5 60.7 62.7 61.6 62.0 52.2 53.5 56.4 40.5 38.6 41.6 40.3
West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.0 42.1 43.7 45.5 46.3 49.1 50.4 60.8 56.9 60.1 58.1 56.0 54.0 55.4 51.8 49.9 54.4 46.4 42.3 39.0 42.4
Employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.6 125.6 130.5 133.4 134.9 138.8 143.8 67.0 64.7 67.1 62.9 62.6 61.7 62.7 55.2 55.5 60.0 45.2 41.2 42.1 43.9
Unemployed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 6.4 5.2 4.9 7.7 7.3 6.2 52.5 46.1 56.3 46.4 48.5 48.1 48.5 37.2 35.1 46.4 28.3 28.4 27.2 28.0
Not in labor force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.2 61.6 62.5 64.2 67.8 69.6 70.5 65.1 63.8 64.4 61.9 62.1 60.9 60.7 54.1 54.5 56.2 45.3 44.5 44.2 44.3
NA Not available. 1 Includes other races not shown separately. 2 Beginning with the 2003 Current Population Survey (CPS), respondents could choose more than one race. 2004 and 2006 data represent persons
who selected this race group only and exclude persons reporting more than one race. The CPS in prior years only allowed respondents to report one race group. See also comments on race in the text for Section 1.
3
Prior to 2004, this category was ‘Asian and Pacific Islanders,’ therefore rates are not comparable with prior years. 4 Hispanic persons may be any race. 5 For composition of regions, see map, inside cover.
6
The General Educational Development (GED) Test measures how well a non-high school graduate has mastered the skills and general knowledge that are acquired in a 4-year high school education. Successfully
passing the exam is a credential generally considered to be equivalent to a high school diploma.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P20-556, and earlier reports; ‘‘Voting and Registration in the Election of November 2006’’ (published June 2008); <http://www.census.gov/population/www
/socdemo/voting.html>; and unpublished data.
Table 401. Persons Reported Registered and Voted by State: 2006
[220,603 represents 220,603,000. As of November. See headnote, Table 400]
Elections 253
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 403. Resident Population of Voting Age and Percent Casting Votes—
States: 2000 to 2006
[209,834 represents 209,834,000. Estimated population, 18 years old and over. Includes Armed Forces stationed in each state,
aliens, and institutional population]
1
Voting-age population (1,000) Percent casting votes for—
State Presidential electors U.S. Representatives
2000 2004 2006 2000 2004 2000 2004 2006
U.S. . . . . . 209,834 219,973 225,087 50.3 55.6 47.1 51.5 35.8
AL . . . . . . . . . . 3,330 3,401 3,471 50.0 55.4 43.2 52.7 34.6
AK. . . . . . . . . . 437 477 494 65.3 65.6 62.8 62.9 47.5
AZ . . . . . . . . . . 3,792 4,228 4,540 40.4 47.6 38.6 44.3 32.9
AR. . . . . . . . . . 1,998 2,062 2,113 46.1 51.2 31.7 38.4 36.1
CA. . . . . . . . . . 24,737 26,287 26,849 44.3 47.3 42.2 44.2 30.9
254 Elections
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 404. Political Action Committees—Number by Committee Type:
1980 to 2007
[As of December 31]
Committee type 1980 1990 1995 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,551 4,172 4,016 3,706 4,023 4,867 4,343 4,168 4,234
Corporate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,206 1,795 1,674 1,523 1,552 1,756 1,638 1,586 1,601
Labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 346 334 316 308 328 296 273 273
Trade/membership/health . . . . . . . . . 576 774 815 812 877 986 912 926 925
Nonconnected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374 1,062 1,020 902 1,147 1,650 1,357 1,247 1,300
Cooperative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 59 44 39 36 38 37 37 38
Corporation without stock . . . . . . . . . 56 136 129 114 103 109 103 99 97
Source: U.S. Federal Election Commission, press release of January 2008.
Individual contributions. . . . 126.4 238.2 611.4 31.3 66.7 351.0 93.1 159.1 258.9
Federal matching funds . . . 56.0 61.6 28.0 14.0 29.3 27.2 41.6 26.5 −
Disbursements . . . . . . 234.1 343.5 661.1 41.8 92.2 389.7 182.1 233.2 268.9
1 2
− Represents zero. Includes other parties, not shown separately. Includes other types of receipts, not shown
separately.
Source: U.S. Federal Election Commission, FEC Reports on Financial Activity, Final Report, Presidential Pre-Nomination
Campaigns, quadrennial.
Elections 255
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 408. Congressional Campaign Finances—Receipts and Disbursements:
2001 to 2006
[643.3 represents $643,300,000. Covers all campaign finance activity during 2-year calendar period indicated for primary, general,
run-off, and special elections. Data have been adjusted to eliminate transfers between all committees within a campaign. For fur-
ther information on legal limits of contributions, see Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, as amended]
Item Amount (mil. dol.) Percent distribution Amount (mil. dol.) Percent distribution
2001− 2003− 2005− 2001− 2003− 2005− 2001− 2003− 2005− 2001− 2003− 2005−
02 04 06 02 04 06 02 04 06 02 04 06
1
Total receipts . . . . . . . 643.3 708.5 875.4 100 100 100 326.1 497.6 564.6 100 100 100
256 Elections
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Section 8
State and Local Government Finances
and Employment
Type of government 1962 1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007
Total units . . . . . . . . . . 91,237 81,299 78,269 79,913 81,831 83,237 85,006 87,504 87,576 89,527
U.S. government . . . . . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
State government . . . . . . 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
Local governments . . . . . 91,186 81,248 78,218 79,862 81,780 83,186 84,955 87,453 87,525 89,476
County . . . . . . . . . . . 3,043 3,049 3,044 3,042 3,041 3,042 3,043 3,043 3,034 3,033
Municipal. . . . . . . . . . 18,000 18,048 18,517 18,862 19,076 19,200 19,279 19,372 19,429 19,492
Township and town . . . 17,142 17,105 16,991 16,822 16,734 16,691 16,656 16,629 16,504 16,519
School district. . . . . . . 34,678 21,782 15,781 15,174 14,851 14,721 14,422 13,726 13,506 13,051
Special district . . . . . . 18,323 21,264 23,885 25,962 28,078 29,532 31,555 34,683 35,052 37,381
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census of Governments, Volume 1, Number 1, Government Organization, Series GC07(1)-1,
quinquennial; <http://www.census.gov/govs/www/cog2007.html>.
Table 413. State and Local Government Current Receipts and Expenditures in
the National Income and Product Accounts: 1990 to 2007
[In billions of dollars (737.8 represents $737,800,000,000). For explanation of national income, see text, Section 13. Minus sign
(−) indicates net loss]
Item 1990 1995 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Current receipts . . . . . . . . . . 737.8 990.2 1,319.5 1,410.1 1,494.2 1,594.3 1,706.9 1,797.7 1,886.4
Current tax receipts . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519.1 672.1 893.2 929.0 979.4 1,061.2 1,156.0 1,232.3 1,292.7
Personal current taxes . . . . . . . . . 122.6 158.1 236.6 221.3 226.6 249.0 276.7 301.2 320.4
Income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.6 141.7 217.3 200.8 204.5 225.0 251.8 275.1 293.5
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.0 16.4 19.4 20.5 22.2 23.9 24.9 26.1 26.9
Taxes on production and imports . . . 374.1 482.4 621.1 675.5 717.5 769.2 822.6 868.8 908.6
Sales taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184.3 242.7 316.6 330.2 347.7 370.0 395.3 415.4 429.1
Property taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.5 202.6 254.6 290.1 307.9 327.5 346.3 367.8 389.7
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.3 37.0 49.9 55.2 61.9 71.7 81.0 85.5 89.8
Taxes on corporate income . . . . . . 22.5 31.7 35.5 32.2 35.3 43.0 56.7 62.4 63.7
Contributions for government social
insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.0 13.6 11.0 15.8 19.8 23.6 25.5 26.0 25.9
Income receipts on assets . . . . . . . . 68.4 68.4 92.2 78.2 72.9 75.4 81.0 87.1 89.5
Interest receipts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.1 62.9 84.0 69.6 62.9 64.3 69.0 73.8 75.9
Dividends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 1.0 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.7
Rents and royalties . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.5 6.3 6.6 7.9 8.7 9.6 10.7 10.9
Current transfer receipts . . . . . . . . . . 133.5 224.1 315.4 384.7 422.7 437.2 454.8 462.9 490.4
Federal grants-in-aid . . . . . . . . . . . 111.4 184.1 247.3 304.6 338.5 349.1 361.2 358.6 377.5
From business (net) . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 13.5 28.8 32.6 33.5 32.2 33.3 40.6 43.2
From persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.9 26.5 39.2 47.5 50.6 56.0 60.3 63.7 69.7
Current surplus of governmemt
enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6.7 12.0 7.7 2.5 −0.6 −3.0 −10.3 −10.7 −12.2
Current expenditures . . . . . . 730.5 978.2 1,269.5 1,444.3 1,514.5 1,592.8 1,691.7 1,773.0 1,898.2
Consumption expenditures . . . . . . . .. 544.6 696.1 917.8 1,025.3 1,073.8 1,120.3 1,197.2 1,276.5 1,365.9
Government social benefit payments
to persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 127.7 217.6 271.7 332.0 353.0 383.8 403.8 400.8 433.0
Interest payments . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 57.9 64.2 79.5 86.0 87.7 88.4 89.9 94.3 98.5
Subsidies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.9 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.4 7.1
Social insurance funds . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 4.0 2.0 1.7 3.8 7.1 8.0 7.1 6.1
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 8.0 47.9 −35.9 −24.1 −5.6 7.2 17.5 −17.9
− Represents or rounds to zero.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, April 2008. See also <http://www.bea/gov/national
/nipaweb/SelectTable.asp?selected=N>.
1990 . . . . . . 135,325 11.0 77,264 57.1 25.2 10.8 2.4 172.1 6.3
1993 . . . . . . 193,612 8.7 124,155 64.1 29.6 13.7 3.0 223.9 5.9
1994 . . . . . . 210,596 8.8 134,153 63.7 30.9 14.4 3.0 238.1 6.3
1995 . . . . . . 224,991 6.8 144,427 64.2 31.5 14.8 3.1 247.9 4.1
1996 . . . . . . 227,811 1.3 146,493 64.3 30.8 14.6 3.0 245.5 −1.0
1997 . . . . . . 234,160 2.8 148,236 63.3 30.2 14.6 2.9 247.7 0.9
1998 . . . . . . 246,128 5.1 160,305 65.1 30.3 14.9 2.9 257.3 3.9
1999 . . . . . . 267,886 8.5 172,384 64.5 31.2 15.7 2.9 275.6 7.1
2000 . . . . . . 285,874 6.6 182,592 64.1 27.4 16.0 2.9 285.9 3.7
2001 . . . . . . 318,542 11.4 203,920 64.0 28.3 17.1 3.2 310.7 8.7
2002 . . . . . . 352,895 10.8 227,373 64.4 29.4 17.5 3.4 338.4 8.9
2003 . . . . . . 388,542 10.1 246,570 63.5 31.0 18.0 3.6 363.3 7.4
2004 . . . . . . 407,512 4.9 262,177 64.3 31.3 17.8 3.5 370.4 2.0
2005 . . . . . . 428,018 5.0 273,898 64.0 31.0 17.3 3.5 373.6 0.9
2006 . . . . . . 434,099 1.4 272,585 62.8 29.3 16.3 3.3 364.0 −2.6
2007 . . . . . . 443,797 2.2 284,362 64.1 27.9 16.3 3.2 361.6 −0.7
2008, est. . . . 466,568 5.1 300,459 64.4 (NA) 15.9 3.3 367.4 1.6
NA Not available. 1 Average annual percent change from prior year shown. For explanation, see Guide to Tabular
Presentation. For 1990, change from 1989. 2 Expenditures from own sources as defined in the national income and product
accounts.
Source: U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the United States Government, Historical Tables, annual;
<http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2009/pdf/hist.pdf>.
Table 415. Total Outlays for Grants to State and Local Governments—Selected
Agencies and Programs: 1990 to 2008
[In millions of dollars (135,325 represents $135,325,000,000). For year ending Sept 30. Includes trust funds]
2008
Selected programs
1990 1995 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 est.
Total outlays for grants . . . . . . . . . . . 135,325 224,991 285,874 407,512 428,018 434,099 443,797 466,568
Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461 492 433 608 636 651 667 550
Natural resources and environment . . . . . . . . . 3,745 3,985 4,595 6,009 5,858 6,062 6,060 5,605
Environmental Protection Agency 1. . . . . . . . 2,874 2,912 3,490 4,018 3,734 3,966 4,016 3,185
Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,285 780 724 995 933 749 803 829
Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,174 25,787 32,222 41,298 43,368 46,681 47,945 52,880
Grants for airports 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,220 1,859 1,624 2,958 3,530 3,841 3,874 2,970
Federal-aid highways 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,854 18,945 24,711 29,791 30,915 32,703 33,222 36,796
Urban mass transportation 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,728 4,353 5,262 7,777 8,114 8,484 8,984 10,626
Community and regional development . . . . . . . 4,965 7,230 8,665 12,604 20,167 21,285 20,653 21,255
Rural community advance program . . . . . . . 139 333 479 797 814 773 760 (NA)
Community development fund . . . . . . . . . . . 2,818 4,333 4,955 5,388 4,985 5,012 10,867 11,458
Homeland Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,184 1,772 2,439 5,490 13,541 14,731 8,267 7,934
State and local programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 1,535 2,116 2,601 2,385 1,601
Firefighter assistance grants . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 508 1,185 228 499 662
Operations, planning, and support . . . . . . . . 11 79 192 387 132 (NA) (NA) (NA)
Mitigation grants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 13 23 39 34 32 62
Disaster relief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,173 1,693 2,234 3,037 10,069 11,868 5,351 5,609
Education, training, employment, social
services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,780 30,881 36,672 54,201 57,247 60,512 58,077 59,596
Education for the disadvantaged 3 . . . . . . . . 4,437 6,785 8,511 12,417 14,539 14,604 14,409 14,927
School improvement programs 3 . . . . . . . . . 1,080 1,288 2,394 6,542 6,569 5,589 5,299 5,219
Special education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,485 2,938 4,696 9,465 10,661 11,582 11,585 11,495
Social services—block grant . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,749 2,797 1,827 1,752 1,822 1,848 1,956 1,936
Children and family services programs . . . . . 2,618 4,463 5,843 8,326 8,490 8,492 8,496 8,529
Training and employment services . . . . . . . . 3,042 3,620 2,957 3,883 3,372 4,566 3,006 2,975
Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,890 93,587 124,843 189,883 197,848 197,347 208,311 220,432
Substance abuse, and mental health
services 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,241 2,444 1,931 2,241 3,203 3,183 3,179 1,187
Grants to states for Medicaid 3 . . . . . . . . . . 41,103 89,070 117,921 176,231 181,720 180,625 190,624 203,788
State children’s health insurance fund 3 . . . . (NA) (NA) 1,220 4,607 5,129 5,451 6,000 7,600
Income security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,768 58,366 68,653 85,983 90,885 89,816 90,971 94,232
Food stamp program 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,130 2,740 3,508 4,204 4,385 4,608 4,602 4,808
Child nutrition programs 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,871 7,387 9,060 11,035 11,726 12,263 12,871 14,278
Temporary assistance for needy families 3 . . . (NA) (NA) 15,464 17,725 17,357 16,897 16,876 17,030
Veterans benefits and services 3 . . . . . . . . . . . 134 253 434 493 552 625 639 677
Administration of justice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574 1,222 5,263 5,084 4,784 4,961 4,603 4,340
1 2 3
NA Not available. Grants include trust funds. Trust funds. Includes grants for payments to individuals.
Source: U. S. Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the United States Government, Historical Tables, annual;
<http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb>.
From state and local sources. . . . . . . . . 895,313 1,650,379 1,446,045 1,658,073 2,009,401 2,090,761
General, net intergovernmental . . . . . . . 712,700 1,249,373 1,324,333 1,373,948 1,464,058 1,588,462
Taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501,619 872,351 905,101 938,972 1,010,277 1,099,200
Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155,613 249,178 279,191 296,683 318,242 335,981
Sales and gross receipts . . . . . . . . 177,885 309,290 324,123 337,787 360,629 384,383
Individual income . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105,640 211,661 202,832 199,407 215,215 242,273
Corporation net income . . . . . . . . . 23,566 36,059 28,152 31,369 33,716 43,138
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,915 66,164 70,803 73,726 82,475 93,425
Charges and miscellaneous. . . . . . . . 211,081 377,022 419,232 434,976 453,781 489,262
Utility and liquor stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,642 89,546 107,417 108,388 114,054 119,843
Water supply system . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,674 30,515 33,236 34,736 36,087 37,377
Electric power system. . . . . . . . . . . . 29,268 42,436 54,404 53,938 55,980 59,157
Gas supply system . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,216 8,049 8,950 8,985 9,783 10,382
Transit system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,043 3,954 5,762 5,391 6,506 6,937
Liquor stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,441 4,592 5,065 5,338 5,698 5,990
Insurance trust revenue 2 . . . . . . . . . . . 123,970 311,460 14,295 175,737 431,289 382,456
Employee retirement . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,268 273,881 −30,920 120,157 365,265 316,576
Unemployment compensation . . . . . . 18,441 23,366 27,086 35,335 38,362 35,243
Debt outstanding, year end . ...... 858,006 1,451,815 1,681,377 1,812,667 1,951,661 2,085,597
Long-term . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... 838,700 1,427,524 1,638,136 1,772,197 1,913,286 2,054,838
Short-term. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... 19,306 24,291 43,242 40,470 38,374 30,759
Long-term debt:
Issued . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... 108,468 184,831 262,683 345,784 346,813 321,960
Retired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... 64,831 121,897 161,885 215,218 241,111 231,790
1
Aggregates exclude duplicative transactions between state and local governments; see source. 2 Includes amounts not
3
shown separately. Interest on utility debt included in ‘‘utility and liquor stores expenditure.’’ For total interest on debt, see
‘‘Interest on debt (general and utility).’’ 4 Included in items above.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau; Federal, State and Local Governments, State Government Finances, series GF, No. 3
thereafter; <http://www.census.gov/govs/www/estimate05.html> (September 2007).
2004 2005
Item State State
and and
local State Local local State Local
1
Revenue .................... . . 2,435,084 1,586,665 1,247,463 2,529,193 1,641,957 1,308,507
Intergovernmental revenue 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425,683 394,613 430,114 438,432 407,860 451,844
Total revenue from own sources 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,009,401 1,192,052 817,349 2,090,761 1,234,097 856,663
General revenue from own sources . . . . . . . . . 1,464,058 799,443 664,615 1,588,462 878,854 709,608
Taxes 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,010,277 590,414 419,863 1,099,200 650,612 448,588
Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318,242 10,714 307,528 335,981 11,342 324,639
Individual income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215,215 196,255 18,960 242,273 221,597 20,676
Corporation income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,716 30,229 3,487 43,138 38,691 4,447
Sales and gross receipts . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360,629 293,326 67,303 384,383 312,584 71,798
General sales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244,891 197,949 46,942 262,981 212,921 50,060
Selective sales 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115,738 95,377 20,361 121,402 99,663 21,739
Motor fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,944 33,762 1,181 35,767 34,567 1,200
Alcoholic beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,986 4,593 392 5,125 4,706 419
Tobacco products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,626 12,303 323 13,337 12,917 420
Public utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,427 10,709 10,717 22,390 10,909 11,480
Motor vehicle and operators’ licenses . . . . 20,707 19,329 1,378 21,713 20,270 1,443
Death and gift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,758 5,732 26 5,422 5,340 82
Charges and miscellaneous 2 . . . . . . . . . . . 453,781 209,029 244,752 489,262 228,242 261,020
Current charges 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288,642 114,843 173,799 309,826 124,186 185,639
Education 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,420 64,290 20,130 90,153 69,010 21,143
School lunch sales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,326 21 6,305 6,500 22 6,479
Higher education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,780 63,423 8,357 76,683 68,010 8,673
Natural resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,264 2,344 920 3,369 2,349 1,021
Hospitals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,652 26,480 46,171 79,092 29,378 49,714
Sewerage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,792 39 29,753 31,610 39 31,571
Solid waste management . . . . . . . . . . . 12,083 422 11,661 12,931 473 12,458
Parks and recreation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,982 1,328 6,653 8,024 1,360 6,663
Housing and community development. . . 4,770 578 4,193 4,846 573 4,273
Airports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,345 931 12,414 14,391 1,042 13,350
Sea and inland port facilities . . . . . . . . . 3,107 879 2,227 3,394 987 2,407
Highways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,991 5,533 3,458 9,845 6,028 3,817
Interest earnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,194 28,414 24,781 59,011 31,917 27,094
Special assessments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,453 722 5,731 6,323 752 5,571
Sale of property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,960 690 1,270 2,837 1,060 1,777
Utility and liquor store revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,054 17,821 96,234 119,843 19,746 100,097
Insurance trust revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431,289 374,788 56,500 382,456 335,498 46,958
Expenditure 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,265,051 1,406,175 1,257,581 2,373,408 1,471,936 1,313,908
Intergovernmental expenditure 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,721 389,706 13,720 4,617 403,488 13,565
Direct expenditure 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,260,330 1,016,469 1,243,861 2,368,791 1,068,449 1,300,342
General expenditure 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,903,194 819,730 1,083,464 2,012,594 874,491 1,138,103
Education 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655,361 180,984 474,376 689,057 191,553 497,504
Elementary and secondary education. . . . . 452,055 5,851 446,204 473,406 5,614 467,792
Higher education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173,086 144,913 28,173 182,146 152,434 29,712
Public welfare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335,257 291,968 43,289 362,932 318,144 44,788
Hospitals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,551 40,011 56,541 103,476 42,676 60,801
Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,125 29,608 33,517 66,971 31,452 35,519
Highways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,179 72,194 45,985 124,604 76,575 48,028
Police protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,707 9,471 60,236 74,727 10,011 64,716
Fire protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,330 − 28,330 31,439 − 31,439
Corrections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,521 36,963 19,558 59,156 38,321 20,835
Natural resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,299 17,226 6,072 25,057 17,094 7,963
Sewerage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,535 1,568 33,966 36,600 1,109 35,491
Solid waste management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,373 2,952 17,421 21,469 3,184 18,285
Housing and community development . . . . . . 37,221 4,273 32,948 39,969 4,982 34,987
Governmental administration . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,741 43,453 57,289 108,874 47,710 61,163
Parks and recreation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,467 4,571 25,896 31,941 4,482 27,459
Interest on general debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,723 32,953 48,770 81,119 34,315 46,804
Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155,059 21,676 133,382 155,797 21,824 133,973
Liquor store expenditure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,673 3,924 749 4,885 4,082 803
Insurance trust expenditure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197,405 171,139 26,266 195,516 168,052 27,463
By character and object:
Current operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,662,510 691,652 970,858 1,764,526 739,988 1,024,538
Capital outlay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269,976 90,950 179,026 277,299 94,181 183,119
Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209,395 73,372 136,022 216,268 77,039 139,229
Equipment, land, and existing structures . . . . 60,581 17,578 43,004 61,032 17,142 43,890
Assistance and subsidies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,922 28,104 8,818 39,469 30,181 9,287
Interest on debt (general and utility) . . . . . . . . . 93,518 34,624 58,894 91,981 36,047 55,935
Insurance benefits and repayments . . . . . . . . . 197,405 171,139 26,266 195,516 168,052 27,463
Expenditure for salaries and wages 3 . . . . . . . . . . 666,041 185,827 480,214 693,146 194,447 498,699
− Represents or rounds to zero. 1 Aggregates exclude duplicative transactions between levels of government; see source.
2
Includes amounts not shown separately. 3 Included in items shown above.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Federal, State, and Local Governments, Finance, State and Local Government Finances,
2004−05; <http://www.census.gov/govs/www/estimate05.html> (September 2007).
Level and function 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
State & local governments: Total ... 123,102 151,440 217,063 233,258 257,071 263,198 269,976 277,299
Annual percent change 1. . . . ... 9.0 10.1 9.4 7.5 10.2 2.4 2.6 2.7
By function:
Education 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,997 35,708 60,968 65,116 71,680 70,813 74,597 77,779
Elementary and secondary. . . . 18,057 24,808 45,150 48,404 53,294 51,118 52,977 54,509
Higher education . . . . . . . . . . 7,441 10,461 15,257 15,911 17,652 19,044 21,121 22,782
Highways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,867 42,561 56,439 60,108 66,017 65,523 65,964 69,644
Health and hospitals . . . . . . . . . 3,848 4,883 5,502 5,630 6,126 7,158 7,241 7,711
Natural resources . . . . . . . . . . . 2,545 2,891 4,347 4,908 4,247 4,244 4,657 4,543
Housing 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,997 4,527 6,184 5,888 6,939 7,660 7,578 7,880
Air transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,434 3,802 6,717 8,420 8,551 9,066 9,731 9,326
Water transportation 4. . . . . . . . . 924 1,101 1,618 4,306 1,691 3,721 1,798 1,598
Sewerage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,356 8,894 10,093 9,224 11,574 12,467 14,068 14,171
Parks and recreation . . . . . . . . . 3,877 4,085 6,916 8,540 9,093 9,224 7,866 8,151
Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,601 19,028 24,847 24,553 30,241 34,538 37,432 34,879
Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,873 7,466 10,542 10,742 11,831 13,536 13,651 14,402
Electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,976 3,715 4,177 4,812 6,538 6,438 7,173 6,055
Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 340 400 453 358 422 582 544
Transit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,443 7,507 9,728 8,545 11,514 14,142 16,026 13,879
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,657 23,961 33,431 36,566 40,912 38,784 39,044 41,618
State governments: Total. . . . . . . . . 45,524 57,829 76,233 81,881 89,767 91,943 90,950 94,181
Annual percent change 1. . . . . . . 5.6 9.3 11.3 7.4 9.6 2.4 −1.1 3.6
By function:
Education 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,253 10,042 14,077 14,936 16,589 17,727 19,632 20,632
Highways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,850 31,687 41,651 44,761 49,119 48,719 48,566 51,578
Health and hospitals . . . . . . . . . 1,531 2,402 2,228 2,390 2,241 2,930 2,763 3,278
Natural resources . . . . . . . . . . . 1,593 1,956 2,758 3,105 2,766 2,788 2,957 2,670
Housing 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 187 860 600 582 774 222 338
Air transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 356 561 667 525 846 795 615
Water transportation 4. . . . . . . . . 202 223 310 362 346 410 388 367
Sewerage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 853 403 393 405 405 881 486
Parks and recreation . . . . . . . . . 601 650 1,044 1,185 1,483 1,098 945 931
Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,605 2,226 4,232 3,641 5,145 7,084 5,211 4,319
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,098 7,246 8,108 9,840 10,567 9,163 8,589 8,967
Local governments: Total . . . . . . . . 77,578 93,611 140,830 151,377 167,304 171,255 179,026 183,119
Annual percent change 1. . . . . . . 4.5 10.6 8.4 7.5 10.5 2.4 4.5 2.3
By function:
Education 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,744 29,858 46,890 50,180 55,091 53,087 54,965 57,147
Elementary and secondary. . . . 17,669 28,402 44,629 47,808 52,804 50,475 52,261 54,068
Higher education . . . . . . . . . . 1,076 1,456 2,261 2,372 2,286 2,612 2,704 3,079
Highways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,017 10,874 14,789 15,347 16,898 16,804 17,398 18,066
Health and hospitals . . . . . . . . . 2,316 2,481 3,274 3,239 3,886 4,228 4,478 4,433
Natural resources . . . . . . . . . . . 952 935 1,589 1,803 1,481 1,456 1,699 1,873
Housing 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,878 4,340 5,324 5,288 6,358 6,886 7,356 7,542
Air transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,095 3,446 6,156 7,753 8,026 8,221 8,936 8,712
Water transportation 4. . . . . . . . . 722 877 1,308 3,944 1,345 3,310 1,410 1,231
Sewerage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,023 8,040 9,690 8,831 11,169 12,062 13,186 13,685
Parks and recreation . . . . . . . . . 3,276 3,435 5,872 7,355 7,611 8,126 6,921 7,221
Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,996 16,801 20,615 20,912 25,096 27,455 32,221 30,560
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,559 16,715 25,323 26,726 30,345 29,621 30,454 32,650
1 2 3
Change from immediate/prior year except 1990, change from 1989. Includes other education. Includes community
development. 4 Includes terminals.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau , Federal, State, and Local Governments, Finance, State and Local Government Finances,
2004−05, and unpublished data. See also <http://www.census.gov/govs/www/estimate05.html>; (accessed May 2008).
Water Solid
Airport transport waste
Item
transpor- and Sewer- manage- Water Mass
Total Highways tation terminals age ment supply transit
1995, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180,148 77,109 8,397 2,309 23,583 14,990 28,041 25,719
State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,392 46,893 783 604 1,462 1,658 178 4,814
Local. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,756 30,216 7,614 1,706 22,121 13,331 27,863 20,904
Capital expenditures (percent) . . . 40.7 55.2 45.3 47.7 37.7 13.2 26.6 29.2
2000, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230,569 101,336 13,160 3,141 28,052 17,208 35,789 31,883
State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,974 61,942 1,106 863 955 2,347 354 7,407
Local. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155,595 39,394 12,054 2,277 27,098 14,861 35,435 24,476
Capital expenditures (percent) . . . 41.9 55.7 51.0 51.5 36.0 8.9 29.5 30.5
2005, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294,695 124,604 17,962 3,951 36,600 21,469 45,799 44,310
State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92,823 76,575 1,406 1,156 1,109 3,184 319 9,074
Local. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201,872 48,028 16,556 2,795 35,491 18,285 45,480 35,237
Capital expenditures (percent) . . . 42.4 55.9 51.9 40.4 38.7 9.3 31.4 31.3
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Federal, State, and Local Governments, Finance, State and Local Government Finances,
2004−05, and unpublished data. See also <http://www.census.gov/govs/www/estimate05.html>; (accessed May 2008).
Table 422. New Security Issues, State and Local Governments: 1990 to 2007
[In billions of dollars, (122.9 represents 122,900,000,000)]
Type of issue,
issuer, or use 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
All issues, new and refunding 1 . . . ... 122.9 145.7 180.4 291.9 363.9 384.3 357.9 409.6 389.3 425.5
By type of issue:
General obligation . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 39.5 57.0 64.5 118.6 145.3 144.1 130.5 145.8 115.0 131.2
Revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 83.3 88.7 115.9 170.0 214.8 238.0 227.4 263.8 274.3 294.3
By type of issuer:
State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.0 14.7 19.9 30.1 33.9 49.8 47.4 31.6 28.3 35.0
Special district of statutory authority 2 . . . 75.9 93.5 121.2 197.5 259.1 253.5 234.2 298.6 293.2 315.0
Municipality, county, or township . . . . . . . 32.0 37.5 39.3 61.0 67.1 79.0 76.3 79.4 67.8 75.6
Issues for new capital. . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.9 102.4 154.3 200.3 242.9 264.7 228.4 223.8 263.1 276.1
By use of proceeds:
Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.1 24.0 38.7 50.1 57.9 70.4 65.4 71.0 70.3 70.6
Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 11.9 19.7 21.4 22.1 23.8 20.5 25.4 30.2 27.9
Utilities and conservation. . . . . . . . . . . . 10.0 9.6 11.9 21.9 33.4 10.3 9.2 9.9 7.8 11.4
Industrial aid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 6.6 7.1 6.6 7.2 22.3 19.1 18.6 35.0 38.2
Other purposes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.7 30.8 47.3 55.7 73.0 97.7 80.4 60.6 72.7 83.0
1 2
Par amounts of long-term issues based on date of sale. Includes school districts.
Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Statistical Supplement to the Federal Reserve Bulletin, monthly.
Based on data from Securities Data Company <http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/supplement/2008/04/table1_45.htm>.
Revenue Expenditures
State
2000 2002 2004 2005 2000 2002 2004 2005
United States. . . 1,942,328 1,806,592 2,435,084 2,529,193 1,746,943 2,051,537 2,265,051 2,373,408
Colorado . . . ..... 29,603 26,325 38,744 38,915 26,173 32,393 34,395 35,063
Connecticut . ..... 25,828 24,831 29,295 30,490 24,011 27,592 28,837 29,649
Delaware. . . ..... 6,224 5,813 7,102 7,637 5,153 5,946 6,922 7,595
District of
Columbia . . ..... 6,383 7,352 8,829 9,919 6,527 7,832 8,493 8,787
Florida . . . . ..... 92,402 93,275 129,687 135,562 84,301 99,291 115,547 130,858
South Carolina . . . . 23,467 24,985 30,547 33,278 23,436 28,104 30,451 33,011
South Dakota . . . . . 4,277 3,964 5,593 5,857 3,760 4,276 4,612 4,973
Tennessee. . . . . . . 33,625 33,483 42,125 44,863 32,010 36,638 41,760 42,708
Texas . . . . . . . . . . 120,666 113,817 153,761 162,748 109,634 129,636 144,880 151,927
Utah . . . . . . . . . . . 14,954 13,789 18,917 19,183 13,044 15,523 16,707 17,269
Vermont . . . . . . . . 4,019 4,046 5,266 5,393 3,766 4,218 4,812 5,179
Virginia . . . . . . . . . 44,175 38,780 54,162 56,658 38,092 43,688 47,801 51,529
Washington . . . . . . 46,372 42,124 54,738 57,510 41,794 50,431 54,317 55,800
West Virginia . . . . . 10,760 11,375 14,117 14,576 9,990 11,958 12,201 12,120
Wisconsin . . . . . . . 43,003 31,424 48,698 48,235 34,559 39,262 42,410 43,146
Wyoming. . . . . . . . 7,030 4,346 6,816 7,084 3,743 4,337 5,080 5,619
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of State & Local Government Finances, 2000−2005, <http://www.census.gov/govs/www
/estimate.html/>.
General revenue
Intergov- Select taxes
ernmental General
State from revenue Sales
federal from and Indi- Corpor-
Total govern- own gross vidual ation Other
1
revenue Total ment sources Total Property receipts income income taxes
United States . . . . 2,529,193 2,026,894 438,432 1,588,462 1,099,200 335,981 384,383 242,273 43,138 73,769
Alabama . . . . . . . . . 33,377 27,370 7,287 20,084 11,661 1,792 5,707 2,645 397 901
Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . 11,404 9,825 2,553 7,272 2,947 892 400 − 589 998
Arizona . . . . . . . . . . 41,103 33,744 8,239 25,506 18,331 5,126 8,750 2,848 702 734
Arkansas . . . . . . . . . 18,866 16,023 4,339 11,684 8,040 1,159 4,315 1,875 277 289
California . . . . . . . . . 381,910 271,500 54,898 216,602 146,692 34,083 49,044 42,992 8,670 9,403
Colorado . . . . . . . . . 38,915 29,774 5,103 24,671 15,683 4,942 5,697 3,771 316 720
Connecticut . . . . . . . 30,490 27,560 4,399 23,160 18,897 7,156 5,128 5,033 575 799
Delaware . . . . . . . . . 7,637 6,642 1,184 5,457 3,277 486 405 932 249 1,170
District of Columbia . . 9,919 8,297 2,794 5,503 4,235 1,136 1,211 1,148 199 516
Florida. . . . . . . . . . . 135,562 112,273 22,146 90,126 59,867 20,392 29,786 − 1,786 6,693
Georgia . . . . . . . . . . 60,297 50,184 10,579 39,605 27,486 8,215 10,137 7,326 712 810
Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . 11,000 9,554 1,965 7,590 5,524 818 2,895 1,381 124 118
Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . 10,004 8,300 1,877 6,423 4,183 1,154 1,524 1,041 141 205
Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . 99,826 80,127 15,389 64,738 48,760 18,312 16,694 7,937 2,183 2,092
Indiana . . . . . . . . . . 44,261 39,579 7,184 32,394 22,000 8,303 7,280 4,812 825 570
Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,204 19,376 4,380 14,996 9,705 3,302 3,155 2,313 186 350
Kansas . . . . . . . . . . 19,990 16,997 3,403 13,594 9,460 3,106 3,498 2,080 248 356
Kentucky . . . . . . . . . 28,044 23,831 6,116 17,715 12,262 2,247 4,649 3,792 479 896
Louisiana . . . . . . . . . 35,858 29,888 7,849 22,039 14,302 2,429 7,677 2,393 352 1,336
Maine . . . . . . . . . . . 11,383 9,985 2,647 7,337 5,364 2,152 1,468 1,299 136 210
Maryland . . . . . . . . . 45,075 39,021 7,500 31,521 23,751 5,594 5,611 9,153 807 2,106
Massachusetts . . . . . 62,109 49,729 9,346 40,384 28,777 10,341 5,952 9,690 1,333 1,143
Michigan . . . . . . . . . 81,055 66,659 14,195 52,464 35,296 12,919 11,784 6,565 1,907 1,215
Minnesota . . . . . . . . 45,465 37,392 7,308 30,084 20,957 5,251 6,832 6,341 934 1,074
Mississippi . . . . . . . . 21,113 17,801 6,007 11,794 7,491 1,967 3,585 1,174 283 368
Missouri. . . . . . . . . . 41,340 33,941 8,573 25,368 17,374 4,695 7,032 4,319 237 816
Montana . . . . . . . . . 7,438 6,288 2,046 4,242 2,721 996 459 713 98 312
Nebraska . . . . . . . . . 15,905 12,284 2,670 9,615 6,579 2,095 2,314 1,394 198 462
Nevada . . . . . . . . . . 18,953 15,375 2,241 13,134 9,044 2,321 5,334 − − 1,234
New Hampshire . . . . 8,911 7,700 1,625 6,075 4,308 2,650 705 68 476 321
New Jersey . . . . . . . 79,126 67,752 10,627 57,125 43,871 19,197 10,238 9,538 2,225 2,250
New Mexico . . . . . . . 16,656 14,015 4,258 9,757 6,076 870 2,854 1,086 242 864
New York . . . . . . . . . 234,681 194,245 45,702 148,544 112,244 34,150 29,145 34,844 6,994 6,255
North Carolina . . . . . 64,813 52,884 13,067 39,817 27,307 6,450 9,423 8,428 1,272 1,242
North Dakota . . . . . . 5,239 4,586 1,311 3,275 2,121 620 791 242 76 341
Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . 102,498 77,061 17,162 59,899 41,719 11,974 12,743 13,079 1,346 1,739
Oklahoma . . . . . . . . 24,552 20,422 5,179 15,242 10,073 1,719 3,891 2,469 169 1,266
Oregon . . . . . . . . . . 32,406 23,327 5,258 18,069 11,106 3,562 972 4,829 365 957
Pennsylvania . . . . . . 103,692 83,998 19,298 64,700 46,019 13,390 13,638 11,462 1,703 5,002
Rhode Island . . . . . . 9,731 8,149 2,108 6,041 4,500 1,819 1,387 998 113 129
South Carolina . . . . . 33,278 27,623 7,102 20,522 11,801 3,739 4,231 2,691 247 732
South Dakota . . . . . . 5,857 4,547 1,374 3,173 2,119 736 1,131 − 49 131
Tennessee . . . . . . . . 44,863 34,844 9,072 25,772 15,993 3,895 9,381 155 806 1,370
Texas . . . . . . . . . . . 162,748 131,986 28,842 103,144 69,153 30,289 31,117 − − 6,156
Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,183 15,010 3,194 11,817 7,321 1,792 3,017 1,927 189 299
Vermont . . . . . . . . . 5,393 4,825 1,313 3,511 2,575 1,056 787 500 69 100
Virginia . . . . . . . . . . 56,658 47,347 6,834 40,514 27,659 8,390 7,641 8,352 606 2,173
Washington . . . . . . . 57,510 42,195 8,337 33,858 22,969 6,632 13,825 − − 2,125
West Virginia . . . . . . 14,576 12,181 3,538 8,643 5,551 1,008 2,212 1,172 463 606
Wisconsin . . . . . . . . 48,235 36,721 7,101 29,620 21,404 7,796 6,108 5,465 783 922
Wyoming . . . . . . . . . 7,084 6,156 1,913 4,243 2,646 864 820 − − 891
See footnotes at end of table.
Alabama . . . . . . . . . 8,423 6,440 1,812 3,421 338 1,983 736 20 2,336 3,670
Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . 4,324 897 175 85 64 3,428 1,145 13 247 1,333
Arizona . . . . . . . . . . 7,175 4,104 1,527 467 487 3,071 850 44 3,359 4,000
Arkansas . . . . . . . . . 3,644 2,552 919 838 198 1,092 407 9 731 2,112
California . . . . . . . . . 69,910 47,412 8,179 12,131 4,583 22,498 7,563 1,106 22,293 88,117
Colorado . . . . . . . . . 8,988 5,657 1,923 1,146 558 3,331 1,233 302 1,908 7,234
Connecticut . . . . . . . 4,264 2,345 892 374 249 1,919 755 31 556 2,375
Delaware . . . . . . . . . 2,180 1,041 426 15 126 1,139 235 294 250 745
District of Columbia . . 1,268 520 29 − 163 748 144 1 753 869
Florida. . . . . . . . . . . 30,260 18,887 3,384 4,467 1,995 11,373 3,490 1,112 6,647 16,642
Georgia . . . . . . . . . . 12,118 8,256 2,065 3,104 770 3,863 944 30 3,575 6,537
Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . 2,066 1,340 255 343 155 726 174 13 218 1,227
Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . 2,240 1,573 374 560 133 667 242 30 264 1,441
Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . 15,978 9,367 3,530 1,201 897 6,611 2,308 300 2,954 16,744
Indiana . . . . . . . . . . 10,394 6,865 2,824 2,234 780 3,529 1,024 38 1,735 2,947
Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,291 3,920 1,388 1,590 280 1,371 498 39 869 2,959
Kansas . . . . . . . . . . 4,134 2,616 1,116 561 261 1,519 495 105 938 2,055
Kentucky . . . . . . . . . 5,454 3,329 1,199 1,084 302 2,124 965 40 1,075 3,138
Louisiana . . . . . . . . . 7,737 4,963 1,095 2,404 306 2,774 1,000 25 1,074 4,896
Maine . . . . . . . . . . . 1,973 1,032 383 71 132 942 281 5 142 1,257
Maryland . . . . . . . . . 7,770 4,844 2,150 135 731 2,926 836 107 812 5,242
Massachusetts . . . . . 11,607 5,525 1,977 450 781 6,082 2,265 440 2,553 9,827
Michigan . . . . . . . . . 17,168 11,339 4,412 2,634 1,301 5,830 1,609 172 2,619 11,776
Minnesota . . . . . . . . 9,128 5,904 2,073 1,157 536 3,224 1,042 321 1,685 6,388
Mississippi . . . . . . . . 4,303 3,426 887 1,853 161 876 283 8 814 2,498
Missouri. . . . . . . . . . 7,993 5,104 2,023 1,497 493 2,889 1,189 63 1,289 6,110
Montana . . . . . . . . . 1,521 852 418 49 65 669 239 60 135 1,015
Nebraska . . . . . . . . . 3,036 1,692 682 473 112 1,344 325 54 2,475 1,146
Nevada . . . . . . . . . . 4,091 2,467 496 519 335 1,623 535 116 919 2,659
New Hampshire . . . . 1,766 1,006 489 6 82 761 365 1 482 729
New Jersey . . . . . . . 13,254 8,222 2,784 791 1,150 5,032 1,508 25 1,524 9,850
New Mexico . . . . . . . 3,680 1,471 475 435 122 2,210 741 53 431 2,211
New York . . . . . . . . . 36,300 21,212 3,804 5,310 1,545 15,089 3,717 113 11,011 29,425
North Carolina . . . . . 12,510 9,311 2,531 3,448 1,227 3,199 1,345 47 3,300 8,629
North Dakota . . . . . . 1,154 663 328 3 35 491 213 57 100 554
Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,179 11,804 4,852 2,498 1,505 6,375 2,128 188 2,652 22,786
Oklahoma . . . . . . . . 5,169 3,466 1,510 791 221 1,703 489 16 1,148 2,982
Oregon . . . . . . . . . . 6,964 4,587 1,286 880 620 2,376 630 109 1,553 7,525
Pennsylvania . . . . . . 18,681 11,661 4,110 1,777 1,666 7,020 3,111 89 3,704 15,991
Rhode Island . . . . . . 1,542 742 347 4 82 799 323 7 171 1,411
South Carolina . . . . . 8,721 6,486 1,647 3,356 309 2,235 682 39 2,544 3,112
South Dakota . . . . . . 1,054 535 247 36 47 519 241 22 208 1,101
Tennessee . . . . . . . . 9,779 5,798 1,587 2,137 489 3,982 668 89 6,774 3,245
Texas . . . . . . . . . . . 33,990 20,446 6,512 6,046 2,240 13,544 5,337 128 8,199 22,562
Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,496 3,187 1,113 777 222 1,308 489 54 1,616 2,557
Vermont . . . . . . . . . 937 542 362 − 43 395 143 3 220 348
Virginia . . . . . . . . . . 12,854 8,463 2,680 2,108 852 4,391 1,376 156 1,871 7,439
Washington . . . . . . . 10,889 7,992 2,116 2,058 1,099 2,897 939 98 5,555 9,760
West Virginia . . . . . . 3,092 1,572 601 263 162 1,520 351 11 228 2,167
Wisconsin . . . . . . . . 8,217 5,425 1,992 894 558 2,792 1,022 114 1,148 10,367
Wyoming . . . . . . . . . 1,597 966 166 612 41 631 380 6 181 747
1
− Represents or rounds to zero. Includes items not shown separately.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau; Federal, State and Local Governments, State Government Finances; <http://www.census.gov
/govs/www/estimate05.html> (accessed May 2008).
General expenditure
Direct general expenditure
State
Total Police
expen- Edu- Public Hos- High- protec- Correc-
1 1
diture Total Total cation welfare Health pitals ways tion tions
United States . . 2,373,408 2,017,211 2,012,594 689,057 362,932 66,971 103,476 124,604 74,727 59,156
Alabama . . . . . . . 33,241 29,047 29,047 9,877 5,043 1,184 3,916 1,753 823 606
Alaska. . . . . . . . . 10,027 8,795 8,795 2,361 1,379 178 121 1,202 206 198
Arizona . . . . . . . . 39,300 32,970 32,970 10,878 5,912 1,438 813 2,070 1,533 1,318
Arkansas . . . . . . . 17,224 15,476 15,475 5,879 3,304 361 783 1,113 481 457
California . . . . . . . 344,704 280,585 277,137 88,631 44,246 10,780 14,788 12,205 12,481 9,846
Colorado . . ..... 35,063 28,963 28,958 10,116 3,232 991 1,393 2,207 1,193 894
Connecticut ..... 29,649 25,892 25,892 9,126 4,347 633 1,126 1,267 838 580
Delaware . . ..... 7,595 6,845 6,844 2,432 1,122 311 58 611 238 218
District of
Columbia . ..... 8,787 7,033 7,033 1,406 1,761 482 158 79 436 173
Florida. . . . ..... 130,858 113,308 113,308 32,043 17,634 3,714 5,597 7,955 5,636 3,747
Georgia . . . ..... 58,905 50,704 50,704 19,916 8,823 1,489 3,490 1,908 1,727 1,849
Hawaii. . . . . . . . . 10,534 9,329 9,329 2,648 1,440 457 378 467 268 170
Idaho . . . . . . . . . 8,915 8,069 8,069 2,779 1,405 194 590 684 261 251
Illinois . . . . . . . . . 97,745 81,993 81,993 28,578 13,148 3,037 2,292 5,275 3,569 1,728
Indiana . . . . . . . . 42,048 38,137 38,137 14,616 5,999 761 2,845 2,295 1,052 954
Iowa . . . . . . . . . . 21,486 19,269 19,212 7,259 3,236 387 1,836 1,792 533 327
Kansas . . . . . . . . 18,948 16,847 16,847 6,287 2,765 382 664 1,701 594 353
Kentucky . . . . . . . 26,963 23,442 23,442 8,249 5,419 559 1,088 1,633 604 628
Louisiana . . . . . . . 32,578 28,537 28,537 8,981 4,492 695 3,155 1,785 1,060 946
Maine . . . . . . . . . 10,207 9,510 9,497 2,866 2,334 511 114 706 216 178
Maryland . . . . . . . 41,373 36,754 36,754 13,533 5,959 1,377 512 2,257 1,494 1,460
Massachusetts . . . 59,312 50,190 50,005 16,037 10,788 809 1,243 2,368 1,571 1,037
Michigan . . . . . . . 75,980 66,549 66,549 27,161 10,063 3,475 2,837 3,647 2,277 2,258
Minnesota . . . . . . 42,936 37,399 37,399 12,197 9,106 880 1,407 2,836 1,186 718
Mississippi . . . . . . 20,041 17,846 17,846 5,860 4,072 355 2,127 1,308 515 358
Missouri. . . . . . . . 37,186 32,618 32,614 11,279 6,348 1,017 2,197 2,434 1,159 841
Montana . . . . . . . 6,412 5,751 5,751 1,988 804 318 89 646 179 156
Nebraska . . . . . . . 14,332 11,052 11,030 4,136 2,022 266 566 1,026 299 288
Nevada . . . . . . . . 17,405 14,935 14,933 4,485 1,637 348 723 1,556 783 556
New Hampshire . . 8,679 7,852 7,852 2,894 1,624 128 53 534 253 154
New Jersey . . . . . 79,845 68,477 68,477 26,599 11,208 1,415 1,699 3,142 2,831 1,855
New Mexico . . . . . 15,596 14,116 14,116 4,879 3,156 370 672 972 475 460
New York . . . . . . . 226,951 184,723 184,094 53,849 42,642 4,838 10,262 8,833 7,373 4,816
North Carolina . . . 60,747 52,585 52,585 18,680 9,656 2,969 4,030 3,551 1,710 1,518
North Dakota . . . . 4,794 4,348 4,348 1,600 714 77 22 522 100 67
Ohio . . . . . . . . . . 91,959 77,964 77,961 27,509 15,303 3,781 3,251 4,409 2,632 1,862
Oklahoma . . . . . . 22,005 19,122 19,081 7,557 3,765 521 776 1,327 626 597
Oregon . . . . . . . . 29,084 23,726 23,726 7,880 3,806 869 1,020 1,670 910 834
Pennsylvania . . . . 101,484 87,512 87,350 30,203 20,421 3,647 2,013 6,784 2,390 2,859
Rhode Island . . . . 9,226 7,917 7,889 2,516 2,080 157 108 376 291 176
South Carolina . . . 33,011 28,002 28,002 9,763 5,203 958 3,429 1,647 746 578
South Dakota . . . . 4,973 4,466 4,466 1,520 745 123 88 636 130 103
Tennessee . . . . . . 42,708 33,866 33,866 10,346 8,637 1,258 2,611 1,912 1,175 830
Texas . . . . . . . . . 151,927 131,197 131,197 52,825 19,387 2,346 8,576 9,892 4,584 4,191
Utah . . . . . . . . . . 17,269 14,522 14,522 5,522 2,226 426 699 938 525 420
Vermont . . . . . . . 5,179 4,729 4,729 1,905 1,130 133 1 363 134 97
Virginia . . . . . . . . 51,529 46,539 46,538 17,585 6,732 1,639 2,446 2,957 1,616 1,606
Washington . . . . . 55,800 43,950 43,946 14,524 6,758 2,030 2,909 2,765 1,289 1,355
West Virginia . . . . 12,120 10,973 10,962 3,919 2,340 312 285 1,041 224 243
Wisconsin . . . . . . 43,146 37,724 37,724 13,805 7,002 1,350 1,030 3,024 1,354 1,206
Wyoming . . . . . . . 5,619 5,055 5,055 1,573 554 236 592 522 148 237
See footnotes at end of table.
General expenditure
Direct general expenditure
Hous-
State ing Utility
and Solid Other and Insur-
Parks com- waste Govern- Interest direct liquor ance Debt
and munity man- mental on general store trust out-
Natural recre- devel- Sewer- age- admin- general expen- expen- expen- stand-
resources ation opment age ment istration debt ditures ditures ditures ing
United States . . 25,057 31,941 39,969 36,600 21,469 108,874 81,119 182,812 160,682 195,516 2,085,597
Alabama . . . . . . . 243 461 439 490 261 1,120 883 1,855 2,332 1,862 22,532
Alaska. . . . . . . . . 311 75 230 80 72 616 375 1,629 356 875 8,758
Arizona . . . . . . . . 584 875 398 548 377 2,018 1,117 2,934 3,906 2,425 32,830
Arkansas . . . . . . . 220 200 171 206 195 870 415 911 747 1,001 11,203
California . . . . . . . 4,740 4,897 7,959 4,833 3,373 18,652 10,457 28,572 30,749 33,370 285,986
Colorado . . ..... 316 1,025 625 601 88 1,754 1,541 2,795 2,725 3,375 39,443
Connecticut ..... 91 283 633 356 364 1,516 1,446 3,005 888 2,869 31,209
Delaware . . ..... 101 85 119 156 71 556 250 602 314 435 6,237
District of
Columbia . ..... 1 138 436 257 223 428 292 602 1,728 26 6,741
Florida. . . . ..... 2,831 2,320 1,537 2,291 2,226 6,593 4,702 15,167 8,662 8,889 113,260
Georgia . . . ..... 498 741 869 1,082 529 2,770 1,087 3,692 4,609 3,592 38,974
Hawaii. . . . . . . . . 118 225 166 199 169 593 526 1,521 419 786 9,292
Idaho . . . . . . . . . 230 105 45 133 95 515 242 679 251 595 3,979
Illinois . . . . . . . . . 548 2,396 1,930 1,228 484 4,336 4,605 7,833 5,445 10,308 106,714
Indiana . . . . . . . . 325 418 765 1,036 223 1,876 1,410 3,327 1,935 1,976 32,124
Iowa . . . . . . . . . . 258 342 158 231 162 868 452 1,478 910 1,307 11,649
Kansas . . . . . . . . 248 232 230 276 120 908 731 1,389 1,006 1,095 17,554
Kentucky . . . . . . . 377 234 357 326 193 1,023 1,235 1,603 1,074 2,447 30,197
Louisiana . . . . . . . 593 502 515 481 302 1,561 1,210 2,467 1,302 2,738 24,762
Maine . . . . . . . . . 161 60 214 132 119 469 338 1,159 101 596 6,962
Maryland . . . . . . . 466 663 969 564 491 2,456 1,404 3,040 1,412 3,208 29,512
Massachusetts . . . 262 306 1,494 881 413 2,358 3,626 6,217 3,983 5,139 83,013
Michigan . . . . . . . 436 951 889 1,650 470 3,180 2,572 4,385 3,072 6,359 68,990
Minnesota . . . . . . 539 852 753 517 315 2,053 1,529 2,807 1,915 3,621 36,262
Mississippi . . . . . . 252 180 221 143 133 781 479 1,127 827 1,368 10,189
Missouri. . . . . . . . 303 458 570 628 141 1,543 1,355 2,109 1,685 2,883 31,333
Montana . . . . . . . 237 68 106 80 58 400 199 610 136 525 5,365
Nebraska . . . . . . . 248 194 162 164 77 510 260 948 2,797 484 8,554
Nevada . . . . . . . . 264 619 249 239 31 1,217 702 1,453 1,497 973 18,659
New Hampshire . . 67 81 216 76 95 412 428 768 434 394 9,292
New Jersey . . . . . 1,613 960 1,051 1,169 1,121 3,256 2,629 8,849 3,256 8,112 72,894
New Mexico . . . . . 257 293 232 141 149 827 436 892 423 1,057 10,443
New York . . . . . . . 470 2,124 4,372 3,177 2,492 8,656 8,364 19,984 20,541 21,687 232,890
North Carolina . . . 542 780 778 840 656 2,030 1,188 3,570 4,428 3,734 40,906
North Dakota . . . . 195 96 57 34 35 219 157 625 102 345 3,314
Ohio . . . . . . . . . . 431 958 1,740 2,254 491 4,713 2,880 4,837 3,176 10,819 60,720
Oklahoma . . . . . . 222 258 206 297 139 980 561 1,161 1,117 1,766 14,413
Oregon . . . . . . . . 414 465 474 636 147 1,516 1,046 2,129 1,733 3,625 25,857
Pennsylvania . . . . 585 727 1,892 1,597 702 4,831 4,184 4,846 4,951 9,021 100,474
Rhode Island . . . . 46 60 210 122 122 503 317 628 259 1,050 8,699
South Carolina . . . 244 267 354 293 283 1,659 996 1,605 2,677 2,332 29,917
South Dakota . . . . 126 103 84 51 35 253 150 402 220 287 3,840
Tennessee . . . . . . 240 419 559 421 372 1,520 896 2,434 6,947 1,896 25,573
Texas . . . . . . . . . 1,423 1,512 1,595 2,275 1,027 5,326 5,432 10,525 10,243 10,487 150,695
Utah . . . . . . . . . . 214 346 254 300 140 1,208 463 886 1,833 914 14,831
Vermont . . . . . . . 87 35 123 58 35 228 159 293 250 199 3,629
Virginia . . . . . . . . 238 861 858 965 636 2,490 1,711 3,643 2,120 2,869 44,535
Washington . . . . . 783 821 1,109 1,055 521 1,970 1,691 4,341 7,282 4,568 53,049
West Virginia . . . . 165 159 140 208 60 780 357 845 309 838 8,516
Wisconsin . . . . . . 693 611 441 781 384 1,646 1,556 3,074 1,408 4,014 36,925
Wyoming . . . . . . . 200 100 16 45 52 308 77 557 188 377 1,899
1
Includes items not shown separately.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau; Federal, State, and Local Governments, State and Local Government Finances
<http://www.census.gov/govs/estimate05.html>; (accessed April 2008).
Alabama . . . . . . . . 33,673 38,734 14,859 11,725 7,894 8,568 6,962 7,971 949 611
Alaska . . . . . . . . . 9,628 11,874 4,295 3,401 3,247 5,466 3,247 5,466 − −
Arizona . . . . . . . . . 25,376 27,443 10,478 9,207 9,815 10,584 8,768 10,203 1,047 380
Arkansas. . . . . . . . 15,303 18,265 4,059 6,209 3,825 4,059 3,825 4,059 − −
6 6
California. . . . . . . . 173,181 192,522 102,137 56,376 102,408 106,381 91,592 101,656 10,816 4,339
Colorado . . . . . . . . 15,380 16,276 6,807 3,760 7,360 7,835 6,451 7,047 909 788
Connecticut . . . . . . 22,580 24,026 14,969 1,298 14,999 15,743 14,552 15,473 447 270
6 6
Delaware. . . . . . . . 5,570 5,745 3,360 1,065 3,871 3,981 3,181 3,390 691 591
Florida . . . . . . . . . 61,597 73,637 29,135 21,132 31,004 31,633 26,014 29,382 4,990 2,252
6 6
Georgia . . . . . . . . 33,414 34,685 18,473 10,038 19,820 21,722 17,804 19,211 2,017 2,512
Hawaii . . . . . . . . . 9,475 11,299 5,456 2,106 5,411 5,874 4,679 5,381 732 493
Idaho . . . . . . . . . . 5,030 5,868 2,586 1,992 2,520 2,831 2,218 2,577 302 255
Illinois . . . . . . . . . . 43,422 48,226 21,707 12,103 27,856 29,230 24,193 25,604 590 642
Indiana . . . . . . . . . 21,831 22,464 12,248 6,987 12,553 13,115 11,954 12,247 411 537
Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . 14,669 15,641 5,300 4,149 5,382 5,647 5,021 5,385 149 77
Kansas . . . . . . . . . 11,433 12,372 5,586 3,334 5,873 6,543 5,139 5,610 734 932
Kentucky . . . . . . . . 21,027 22,903 8,671 7,175 9,294 9,655 8,436 8,787 681 579
Louisiana . . . . . . . 21,917 31,167 7,351 15,792 8,605 10,541 7,740 8,466 827 1,076
Maine . . . . . . . . . . 7,100 7,437 2,994 2,548 2,984 3,174 2,872 2,978 14 18
Maryland . . . . . . . . 26,380 29,689 14,192 6,618 13,703 14,459 12,342 14,174 1,362 285
6 6
Massachusetts . . . . 39,207 39,357 22,272 6,561 27,064 29,669 25,585 28,923 3,208 2,901
Michigan . . . . . . . . 41,728 43,151 9,111 13,442 9,030 9,113 9,028 9,111 3 3
6 6
Minnesota . . . . . . . 25,753 27,592 16,513 6,202 17,355 18,062 15,542 15,956 1,813 2,106
Mississippi. . . . . . . 14,803 17,284 4,182 8,677 4,385 4,825 4,314 4,407 35 227
Missouri . . . . . . . . 19,661 21,990 7,938 6,138 7,821 8,616 7,125 7,863 695 753
Montana . . . . . . . . 4,455 5,074 1,715 1,758 1,989 2,260 1,567 1,701 422 552
Nebraska . . . . . . . 7,973 9,698 3,325 2,970 3,482 3,716 2,916 3,125 566 591
Nevada . . . . . . . . . 7,404 8,131 3,452 1,499 3,285 3,715 2,934 3,531 351 184
New Hampshire . . . 4,470 4,511 1,389 1,420 1,411 1,448 1,334 1,366 26 62
6 6
New Jersey . . . . . . 42,304 45,856 30,127 9,489 29,812 32,136 28,033 29,930 1,779 2,188
6 6
New Mexico. . . . . . 11,842 11,940 5,671 3,679 6,522 6,811 5,415 5,970 798 544
6 6
New York . . . . . . . 104,342 112,764 51,591 35,453 49,752 54,636 46,495 51,591 3,257 3,045
North Carolina . . . . 35,205 36,677 19,088 10,496 18,353 20,209 17,065 18,662 749 1,221
North Dakota . . . . . 3,295 3,684 1,032 1,410 1,162 1,420 966 1,023 196 296
Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . 53,448 54,550 25,148 9,181 25,984 26,410 24,866 25,148 632 216
Oklahoma . . . . . . . 16,243 19,193 5,928 5,577 6,124 5,887 5,533 5,552 134 196
Oregon . . . . . . . . . 20,215 20,840 6,256 4,947 6,621 6,968 6,077 5,539 544 1,429
Pennsylvania . . . . . 53,911 56,755 26,327 18,037 25,350 27,006 24,665 26,319 514 531
Rhode Island . . . . . 6,716 7,123 3,211 1,998 3,129 3,232 3,073 3,219 38 8
6 6
South Carolina . . . . 17,960 19,614 6,629 7,191 6,759 7,646 5,640 6,565 988 1,081
South Dakota . . . . . 2,979 3,173 1,055 1,055 1,057 1,092 1,056 1,091 − −
Tennessee. . . . . . . 23,598 25,749 10,978 9,387 10,367 11,293 9,064 10,429 744 726
Texas . . . . . . . . . . 70,873 75,259 38,169 24,077 40,499 44,795 32,021 36,119 7,063 6,987
Utah . . . . . . . . . . . 8,904 10,174 4,712 2,362 4,532 4,712 4,532 4,712 − −
Vermont . . . . . . . . 4,946 5,138 1,192 1,085 1,157 1,207 1,113 1,176 − −
Virginia . . . . . . . . . 31,882 34,834 16,835 6,244 16,609 18,260 15,232 17,934 1,377 326
Washington . . . . . . 27,839 32,449 14,144 6,390 14,320 14,930 13,621 14,144 699 786
West Virginia . . . . . 20,403 18,660 3,684 3,460 4,076 4,222 3,562 3,701 469 432
Wisconsin . . . . . . . 33,481 34,474 13,217 7,160 12,814 13,161 12,385 13,105 49 66
Wyoming. . . . . . . . 6,208 5,658 2,037 1,188 1,252 1,702 1,242 1,697 10 5
1 2 3
− Represents zero. Estimated. Includes bonds and other state funds not shown separately. Includes funds
4
budgeted, adjustments, and balances from previous year. May or may not include budget stabilization fund transfers,
depending on state accounting practices. 5 Resources less expenditures. 6 Ending balance includes the balance in a budget
stabilization fund.
Source: National Association of State Budget Officers, Washington, DC, 2006 State Expenditure Report, and State General
Fund from NASBO, Fiscal Survey of the States, semi-annual (copyright); <http://www.nasbo.org/publications.php>.
Table 428. Bond Ratings for City Governments by Largest Cities: 2007
[As of fourth quarter. See headnote in Table 427]
Average 1 . . . . . 2,775 4,364 6,649 8,517 12,578 11.1 8.7 8.9 8.5 8.4
Median 1 . . . . . 2,794 4,214 6,841 8,868 13,103 11.2 8.4 9.1 8.9 8.7
1
Based on selected cities and District of Columbia. For complete list of cities, see Table 430.
Source: Government of the District of Columbia, Office of the Chief Financial Officer, Tax Rates and Revenues, Tax Burden
Comparisons, Nationwide Comparison annual; <http://www.cfo.dc.gov/cfo/site>.
Table 430. Residential Property Tax Rates for Largest City in Each State: 2006
[The real property tax is a function of housing values, real estate tax rates, assessment levels, homeowner exemptions and cred-
its. Effective rate is the amount each jurisdiction considers based upon assessment level used. Assessment level is ratio of assessed
value to assumed market value. Nominal rates represent the ‘‘announced’’ rates levied by the jurisdiction]
2005
Lottery revenue
Apportionment of funds
State
2003, 2004, Proceeds
Total Total Total Amuse- Pari- available
gross gross gross ment mutuel Adminis- from ticket
revenue revenue revenue taxes 1 taxes Total 2
Prizes tration sales
United States . . . 46,673.7 50,758.5 72,695.9 5,242.0 309.8 67,144.1 49,448.8 2,091.1 15,604.2
Alabama . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.3 3.2 0.1 3.1 (X) (X) (X) (X)
Alaska . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.5 (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)
Arizona. . . . . . . . . . 302.0 343.3 372.1 0.6 0.5 371.1 220.3 34.5 116.3
Arkansas . . . . . . . . 4.4 4.6 4.8 (X) 4.8 (X) (X) (X) (X)
California . . . . . . . . 2,634.0 2,810.6 3,139.6 (X) 38.5 3,101.1 1,795.3 159.8 1,146.1
Colorado. . . . . . . . . 464.6 510.8 513.9 99.1 3.8 411.0 264.5 31.5 115.0
Connecticut . . . . . . . 1,302.4 1,355.3 1,307.4 416.5 9.7 881.2 573.0 34.3 273.9
Delaware . . . . . . . . 367.3 379.6 6,842.4 (X) 0.2 6,842.2 6,496.0 46.4 299.9
Florida . . . . . . . . . . 2,743.5 2,928.5 3,307.1 (X) 28.3 3,278.7 2,044.2 141.6 1,092.9
Georgia . . . . . . . . . 2,284.1 2,376.3 2,546.6 (X) (X) 2,546.6 1,633.3 111.0 802.3
Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)
Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . 90.8 101.4 105.3 (X) (X) 105.3 69.6 10.6 25.1
Illinois . . . . . . . . . . 2,152.2 2,370.4 2,521.8 826.4 11.7 1,683.8 1,042.9 59.6 581.3
Indiana . . . . . . . . . . 1,281.2 1,439.4 1,486.5 793.6 4.7 688.2 455.3 47.1 185.8
Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . 356.8 412.0 419.4 221.7 4.4 193.3 113.5 28.6 51.3
Kansas. . . . . . . . . . 196.7 215.7 198.4 0.6 3.2 194.6 112.6 20.6 61.5
Kentucky . . . . . . . . 650.7 695.8 676.7 0.2 14.3 662.1 457.7 43.0 161.5
Louisiana . . . . . . . . 809.9 855.6 848.0 510.1 47.8 290.1 153.3 28.8 108.0
Maine. . . . . . . . . . . 164.3 193.5 199.1 0.4 4.2 194.4 128.9 15.1 50.4
Maryland . . . . . . . . 1,336.9 1,408.9 1,401.1 10.9 2.0 1,388.1 856.2 49.9 482.0
Massachusetts. . . . . 4,214.1 4,386.5 4,222.7 4.6 4.7 4,213.4 3,211.5 81.5 920.3
Michigan. . . . . . . . . 1,666.0 1,952.7 2,035.1 145.8 10.9 1,878.3 1,179.6 61.6 637.1
Minnesota . . . . . . . . 370.5 403.2 420.8 55.0 1.5 364.3 255.0 22.2 87.1
Mississippi . . . . . . . 184.6 167.3 223.1 223.1 (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)
Missouri . . . . . . . . . 952.6 1,049.5 1,064.5 327.4 (X) 737.1 487.9 36.9 212.3
Montana . . . . . . . . . 78.6 85.2 85.1 53.1 0.1 31.9 17.8 6.8 7.2
Nebraska . . . . . . . . 88.1 99.0 100.4 5.9 0.3 94.2 58.4 12.3 23.5
Nevada . . . . . . . . . 739.3 861.5 934.6 934.6 (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)
New Hampshire . . . . 217.1 232.2 220.6 0.4 3.6 216.6 132.7 15.0 69.0
New Jersey . . . . . . . 2,307.6 2,533.7 2,623.2 475.7 (X) 2,147.6 1,266.1 80.7 800.7
New Mexico . . . . . . 168.8 178.2 177.5 46.4 0.9 130.2 80.9 17.0 32.3
New York . . . . . . . . 5,109.8 5,528.5 5,873.5 0.7 31.5 5,841.3 3,523.5 246.5 2,071.3
North Carolina . . . . . 11.1 11.5 11.2 11.2 (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)
North Dakota . . . . . . 16.9 12.7 28.2 9.6 0.3 18.3 9.1 (X) (X)
Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . 2,093.8 2,170.6 2,039.9 (X) 14.6 2,025.3 1,280.8 83.1 661.4
Oklahoma . . . . . . . . 9.4 8.2 6.2 4.4 1.8 (X) (X) (X) (X)
Oregon. . . . . . . . . . 1,526.5 1,612.5 1,735.3 0.0 2.2 1,733.1 1,234.0 62.0 437.1
Pennsylvania . . . . . . 1,987.6 2,189.5 2,453.4 0.5 26.0 2,426.8 1,529.4 63.4 833.9
Rhode Island . . . . . . 1,124.8 1,314.0 1,460.8 (X) 4.0 1,456.9 1,143.4 6.8 306.7
South Carolina. . . . . 709.0 922.7 925.6 36.1 (X) 889.4 573.6 38.3 277.5
South Dakota . . . . . 137.0 141.6 564.1 0.0 0.5 563.6 441.0 7.3 115.3
Tennessee . . . . . . . (X) (X) 789.4 (X) (X) 789.4 518.6 (X) (X)
Texas . . . . . . . . . . . 3,164.3 3,522.8 3,511.1 24.5 11.6 3,475.0 2,228.0 177.8 1,069.2
Utah . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)
Vermont . . . . . . . . . 74.8 87.0 87.2 (X) (X) 87.2 57.9 8.3 20.9
Virginia. . . . . . . . . . 1,137.4 1,262.4 1,258.4 0.1 (X) 1,258.3 774.6 60.5 423.2
Washington . . . . . . . 462.3 483.3 431.3 0.1 1.8 429.4 280.9 32.9 115.6
West Virginia . . . . . . 566.8 683.3 13,094.2 (X) 10.2 13,084.0 12,485.4 27.7 570.9
Wisconsin . . . . . . . . 406.7 451.2 422.4 0.3 1.5 420.5 262.2 28.2 130.1
Wyoming . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.2 0.4 (X) 0.4 (X) (X) (X) (X)
1 2
X Not applicable. Represents nonlicense taxes. Excludes commissions.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Federal, State and Local Governments, State Government Finances, Lottery, and unpublished
data, <http://ftp2.census.gov/govs/state/05lottery.pdf>.
Table 432. Lottery Sales—Type of Game and Use of Proceeds: 1980 to 2007
[In millions of dollars (2,393 represents $2,393,000,000). For fiscal years]
General revenue
Intergovernmental General revenue from own sources
Utility
State From and Insur-
federal liquor ance
Total govern- Total Current Miscel- store trust
revenue 1, 2 Total Total ment Total taxes charges laneous revenue revenue
United States. . . 1,641,957 1,286,714 407,860 386,283 878,854 650,612 124,186 104,055 19,746 335,498
Alabama . . . . . . . . 22,297 18,910 7,304 6,691 11,606 7,774 2,687 1,146 178 3,209
Alaska . . . . . . . . . 9,185 7,881 2,317 2,313 5,563 1,858 480 3,225 17 1,288
Arizona . . . . . . . . . 25,311 21,492 7,566 7,102 13,925 11,008 1,284 1,633 26 3,793
Arkansas. . . . . . . . 14,918 12,834 4,110 4,085 8,724 6,539 1,583 602 − 2,084
California. . . . . . . . 250,278 171,786 51,564 47,401 120,223 98,435 12,777 9,011 5,664 72,828
Colorado . . . . . . . . 22,453 15,843 4,536 4,470 11,307 7,648 1,941 1,718 − 6,610
Connecticut . . . . . . 20,457 18,563 3,963 3,951 14,600 11,585 1,480 1,536 24 1,869
Delaware. . . . . . . . 6,165 5,468 1,157 1,123 4,311 2,590 731 990 10 686
Florida . . . . . . . . . 77,356 62,354 19,400 19,232 42,954 33,895 4,319 4,740 20 14,983
Georgia . . . . . . . . 36,112 30,053 9,861 9,702 20,192 15,676 2,499 2,017 2 6,057
Hawaii . . . . . . . . . 9,092 7,864 1,786 1,784 6,078 4,434 1,027 617 − 1,227
Idaho . . . . . . . . . . 7,204 5,679 1,750 1,740 3,930 2,934 501 495 86 1,439
Illinois . . . . . . . . . . 58,907 46,553 12,999 12,345 33,554 26,412 3,284 3,858 − 12,355
Indiana . . . . . . . . . 27,122 24,263 6,949 6,764 17,313 12,854 2,797 1,663 − 2,859
Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . 15,631 12,527 4,104 3,949 8,423 5,751 1,826 846 150 2,955
Kansas . . . . . . . . . 12,554 10,581 3,220 3,162 7,361 5,638 1,031 692 − 1,973
Kentucky . . . . . . . . 21,248 18,157 5,840 5,822 12,317 9,091 2,004 1,222 − 3,091
Louisiana . . . . . . . 24,852 20,177 7,089 7,046 13,089 8,639 2,537 1,913 6 4,668
Maine . . . . . . . . . . 8,456 7,148 2,529 2,520 4,619 3,216 604 799 52 1,257
Maryland . . . . . . . . 28,648 24,431 6,664 6,463 17,767 13,367 2,487 1,912 106 4,110
Massachusetts . . . . 42,143 34,905 8,417 8,039 26,488 18,035 3,179 5,275 139 7,098
Michigan . . . . . . . . 55,398 45,632 12,993 12,398 32,639 23,525 5,444 3,669 689 9,078
Minnesota . . . . . . . 31,724 25,790 6,575 6,437 19,215 15,881 2,040 1,294 − 5,934
Mississippi. . . . . . . 15,518 12,817 5,769 5,614 7,048 5,432 1,208 408 203 2,498
Missouri . . . . . . . . 26,821 21,425 7,904 7,756 13,521 9,544 2,068 1,909 − 5,396
Montana . . . . . . . . 5,692 4,624 1,855 1,842 2,769 1,876 443 451 52 1,015
Nebraska . . . . . . . 8,740 7,816 2,503 2,472 5,313 3,797 730 786 − 924
Nevada . . . . . . . . . 11,535 8,773 1,901 1,744 6,873 5,670 609 594 103 2,659
New Hampshire . . . 6,137 5,027 1,739 1,491 3,288 2,011 645 633 396 713
New Jersey . . . . . . 52,662 42,184 10,258 9,694 31,926 24,248 4,609 3,069 645 9,833
New Mexico. . . . . . 13,344 11,133 3,978 3,880 7,155 4,478 800 1,876 − 2,211
New York . . . . . . . 143,890 114,653 47,757 40,184 66,896 51,326 7,493 8,076 6,321 22,916
North Carolina . . . . 44,892 36,303 12,842 12,119 23,461 18,640 3,039 1,782 − 8,589
North Dakota . . . . . 3,877 3,343 1,205 1,170 2,138 1,403 442 293 − 534
Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . 72,208 49,041 15,746 15,377 33,296 24,011 5,779 3,506 618 22,549
Oklahoma . . . . . . . 17,874 14,609 4,909 4,815 9,700 6,859 1,710 1,130 374 2,891
Oregon . . . . . . . . . 22,603 14,769 4,474 4,445 10,295 6,523 2,267 1,505 311 7,524
Pennsylvania . . . . . 69,760 54,095 16,724 16,360 37,371 27,263 6,101 4,007 1,171 14,494
Rhode Island . . . . . 7,255 5,899 2,081 1,968 3,818 2,629 487 703 28 1,328
South Carolina . . . . 22,991 18,743 7,180 6,766 11,562 7,318 2,980 1,263 1,140 3,108
South Dakota . . . . . 4,059 2,995 1,236 1,218 1,759 1,110 233 416 − 1,064
Tennessee. . . . . . . 25,847 23,278 8,661 8,459 14,617 10,007 1,698 2,912 − 2,570
Texas . . . . . . . . . . 95,821 75,791 26,579 25,811 49,212 32,785 7,887 8,540 − 20,030
Utah . . . . . . . . . . . 13,119 10,411 2,936 2,861 7,475 4,703 2,046 726 151 2,557
Vermont . . . . . . . . 4,599 4,222 1,260 1,260 2,961 2,243 404 315 38 340
Virginia . . . . . . . . . 37,037 30,201 6,304 5,851 23,898 15,919 5,018 2,961 439 6,396
Washington . . . . . . 36,802 26,950 7,398 7,040 19,552 14,840 3,116 1,596 466 9,386
West Virginia . . . . . 12,008 9,804 3,339 3,276 6,465 4,301 954 1,210 62 2,142
Wisconsin . . . . . . . 34,243 24,611 6,694 6,448 17,918 13,152 2,745 2,020 − 9,632
Wyoming. . . . . . . . 5,112 4,304 1,935 1,824 2,369 1,740 132 497 60 747
1 2
− Represents or rounds to zero. Includes categories not shown separately. Duplicate intergovernmental transactions
are excluded.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Federal, State, and Local Governments, Finance, Survey of State Government Finances, 2005.
See also <http://www.census.gov/govs/www/state05.html>.
Alabama . . . . . . . . . 7,774 231 3,963 2,033 1,930 118 273 560 630 153 192
Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . 1,858 43 199 − 199 35 53 40 4 56 9
Arizona . . . . . . . . . . 11,008 374 6,699 5,208 1,491 59 397 706 38 291 −
Arkansas . . . . . . . . . 6,539 543 3,458 2,574 884 43 125 437 − 148 126
California . . . . . . . . . 98,435 2,164 37,673 29,967 7,706 314 2,233 3,366 569 1,096 89
Virginia . . . . . . . . . . 15,919 19 5,479 3,094 2,385 152 374 913 132 103 711
Washington . . . . . . . 14,840 1,591 11,642 9,147 2,495 199 357 931 374 354 277
West Virginia . . . . . . 4,301 4 2,154 1,095 1,059 9 113 320 156 103 348
Wisconsin . . . . . . . . 13,152 112 5,791 4,039 1,751 49 145 957 284 310 4
Wyoming . . . . . . . . . 1,740 181 642 522 119 1 20 68 3 27 −
See footnotes at end of table.
General expenditure
Direct expenditures
State
Total Inter- Police
expen- govern- Educa- Public Hospi- High- protec-
diture Total mental Total tion welfare Health tals ways tion
United States . . . 1,471,936 1,277,979 403,488 874,491 191,553 318,144 31,452 42,676 76,575 10,011
Alabama . . . . . . . . . 21,047 19,111 4,494 14,617 4,072 4,993 865 1,314 1,047 115
Alaska . . . . . . . . . . 8,056 7,115 1,145 5,970 963 1,375 124 25 1,046 69
Arizona. . . . . . . . . . 23,957 21,623 8,029 13,594 3,024 5,332 1,206 62 1,141 196
Arkansas . . . . . . . . 13,636 12,668 3,904 8,764 2,034 3,286 327 573 794 99
California . . . . . . . . 210,407 177,304 80,948 96,355 19,414 30,095 2,063 5,372 6,507 1,222
Colorado. . . . . . . . . 18,734 15,647 5,188 10,460 3,116 2,682 722 339 995 106
Connecticut . . . . . . . 19,926 17,159 3,517 13,643 2,345 4,230 520 1,126 804 173
Delaware . . . . . . . . 5,964 5,475 984 4,491 1,011 1,122 288 58 495 84
Florida . . . . . . . . . . 71,155 63,004 17,476 45,528 6,319 16,659 2,926 577 5,328 472
Georgia . . . . . . . . . 33,807 30,460 9,521 20,939 5,713 8,678 530 680 918 213
Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . 8,405 7,620 147 7,473 2,648 1,415 415 378 278 11
Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . 6,144 5,487 1,520 3,968 887 1,371 121 41 443 41
Illinois . . . . . . . . . . 55,395 48,028 14,213 33,815 6,567 12,658 2,418 913 2,663 339
Indiana . . . . . . . . . . 26,363 24,473 7,993 16,480 4,976 5,558 540 281 1,556 233
Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . 13,898 12,490 3,642 8,848 2,286 3,116 91 888 987 74
Kansas. . . . . . . . . . 11,765 10,708 3,281 7,427 1,917 2,698 152 113 1,055 79
Kentucky . . . . . . . . 20,090 17,674 3,915 13,759 3,295 5,376 386 737 1,266 148
Louisiana . . . . . . . . 21,411 18,819 4,589 14,230 3,109 4,453 542 1,623 1,177 196
Maine. . . . . . . . . . . 7,470 6,868 1,093 5,775 832 2,300 489 52 499 61
Maryland . . . . . . . . 26,763 23,586 5,680 17,906 3,731 5,821 1,085 512 1,519 315
Massachusetts. . . . . 38,315 34,291 6,498 27,793 4,983 10,723 698 426 1,641 360
Michigan. . . . . . . . . 51,480 45,736 19,308 26,429 7,852 9,266 587 1,911 1,446 291
Minnesota . . . . . . . . 29,560 26,264 10,109 16,155 3,815 7,588 405 267 1,205 207
Mississippi . . . . . . . 14,705 13,172 4,006 9,166 1,801 4,050 254 747 801 74
Missouri . . . . . . . . . 23,151 20,680 5,489 15,191 2,732 6,215 695 1,182 1,451 155
Montana . . . . . . . . . 4,809 4,239 1,005 3,234 715 778 245 39 509 38
Nebraska . . . . . . . . 7,240 6,900 1,659 5,241 1,302 1,945 204 206 616 56
Nevada . . . . . . . . . 9,158 8,076 3,273 4,803 1,194 1,396 214 174 622 91
New Hampshire . . . . 5,781 5,043 1,225 3,818 761 1,444 103 53 350 38
New Jersey . . . . . . . 50,964 40,561 10,642 29,918 6,642 10,280 979 1,558 1,966 473
New Mexico . . . . . . 12,632 11,575 3,617 7,958 1,658 3,068 323 568 667 109
New York . . . . . . . . 135,811 111,894 43,731 68,163 9,178 32,660 1,482 4,071 3,998 617
North Carolina . . . . . 39,482 35,644 10,676 24,968 6,807 8,315 1,076 1,160 3,067 380
North Dakota . . . . . . 3,491 3,157 701 2,456 686 674 45 22 328 22
Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . 60,554 49,491 16,368 33,123 7,929 12,727 1,315 1,904 2,359 241
Oklahoma . . . . . . . . 15,660 13,627 3,698 9,929 2,853 3,727 393 148 794 133
Oregon. . . . . . . . . . 19,217 15,502 4,765 10,738 2,249 3,530 252 793 957 173
Pennsylvania . . . . . . 63,881 54,867 13,308 41,559 8,645 17,203 822 1,987 5,465 607
Rhode Island . . . . . . 6,600 5,568 908 4,660 755 2,070 149 108 283 53
South Carolina. . . . . 22,709 19,122 4,246 14,875 3,540 5,186 800 1,051 1,347 147
South Dakota . . . . . 3,266 2,990 608 2,381 460 732 101 50 426 29
Tennessee . . . . . . . 23,954 22,469 5,706 16,763 3,351 8,486 966 387 1,261 147
Texas . . . . . . . . . . . 81,277 71,796 17,490 54,306 13,723 19,057 734 2,940 7,123 486
Utah . . . . . . . . . . . 11,149 10,122 2,190 7,933 2,409 2,142 261 669 647 126
Vermont . . . . . . . . . 4,436 4,188 1,267 2,921 701 1,129 126 1 223 76
Virginia. . . . . . . . . . 32,709 29,944 9,720 20,224 5,425 5,468 488 2,237 2,303 250
Washington . . . . . . . 33,048 28,204 7,443 20,760 5,479 6,667 1,215 1,439 1,627 191
West Virginia . . . . . . 9,679 8,801 2,016 6,785 1,475 2,335 245 73 966 53
Wisconsin . . . . . . . . 28,828 25,168 9,201 15,967 3,782 5,525 293 838 1,204 111
Wyoming . . . . . . . . 4,000 3,570 1,337 2,233 390 540 174 3 405 31
See footnote at end of table.
Massachusetts . . . 797 130 368 232 41 1,485 3,030 2,880 219 3,806 82,612 61,017
Michigan . . . . . . . 1,638 82 486 − 9 981 966 914 557 5,186 85,405 26,339
Minnesota . . . . . . 346 150 60 − 41 893 389 788 99 3,197 53,900 7,265
Mississippi. . . . . . 268 37 6 − − 286 195 646 165 1,368 24,771 4,328
Missouri . . . . . . . 633 45 132 − 27 579 721 623 − 2,471 62,172 16,184
Montana . . . . . . . 125 12 49 − 1 256 130 338 45 525 13,238 3,949
Nebraska . . . . . . 193 28 1 − − 196 87 406 − 340 10,556 1,742
Nevada . . . . . . . . 242 22 11 − 13 324 195 304 109 973 25,156 4,076
New Hampshire . . 111 12 99 3 12 195 322 317 351 387 10,894 6,864
New Jersey . . . . . 1,307 425 216 22 175 1,706 1,446 2,723 2,303 8,101 94,926 42,313
Virginia . . . . . . . . 1,008 74 102 67 43 827 659 1,273 407 2,358 65,501 16,901
Washington . . . . . 901 64 237 − 49 681 783 1,429 416 4,428 74,261 17,023
West Virginia . . . . 200 56 19 42 7 501 196 616 70 809 12,729 5,097
Wisconsin . . . . . . 835 50 24 − 61 627 855 1,762 3 3,657 83,832 18,763
Wyoming. . . . . . . 182 29 7 − 3 126 44 300 52 377 13,592 868
− Represents or rounds to zero.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau; Federal, State, and Local Governments, Finance, Survey of State Government Finances, 2005.
See also <http://www.census.gov/govs/www/state05.html> (accessed April 2008).
General revenue
General revenue from own sources
Taxes
State
Inter- Sales
govern- and Indi- Corpor-
Total mental gross vidual ation Other
revenue 1 Total revenue Total Total Property receipt income income taxes
United States . . . . 1,308,507 1,161,451 451,844 709,608 448,588 324,639 71,798 20,676 4,447 27,028
Alabama . . . . . . . . . 16,398 13,778 5,301 8,477 3,887 1,561 1,744 108 − 473
Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . 3,138 2,864 1,156 1,708 1,089 849 201 − − 38
Arizona . . . . . . . . . . 23,864 20,325 8,745 11,580 7,323 4,752 2,051 − − 520
Arkansas . . . . . . . . . 7,651 6,892 3,931 2,960 1,501 616 857 − − 29
California . . . . . . . . . 213,739 181,820 85,441 96,379 48,257 31,919 11,371 − − 4,967
General revenue
General revenue from own sources
Current
charges Miscellaneous general
Current charges revenue
State and
miscel-
laneous Liquor Insur-
general Interest Special Utility store ance
rev- Educa- Hospi- Sewer- earn- assess- rev- rev- trust
1 1
enue Total tion tal age Total ings ment enue enue revenue
United States . . . 261,020 185,639 21,143 49,714 31,571 75,381 27,094 5,571 99,225 872 46,958
Alabama . . . . . . . . . 4,590 3,753 317 2,463 338 837 371 20 2,159 − 461
Alaska . . . . . . . . . . 619 417 39 82 64 202 118 13 230 − 44
Arizona. . . . . . . . . . 4,258 2,820 457 467 487 1,438 547 44 3,332 − 207
Arkansas . . . . . . . . 1,459 969 151 215 198 490 238 9 731 − 28
California . . . . . . . . 48,122 34,635 2,256 8,146 4,583 13,487 4,487 1,066 16,630 − 15,288
Colorado. . . . . . . . . 5,329 3,716 371 909 558 1,613 508 302 1,908 − 624
Connecticut . . . . . . . 1,248 865 123 − 249 383 103 31 531 − 506
Delaware . . . . . . . . 459 310 17 − 126 149 58 22 240 − 58
District of Columbia . 1,268 520 29 − 163 748 144 1 753 − 869
Florida . . . . . . . . . . 21,200 14,568 1,673 4,190 1,995 6,633 2,268 1,112 6,627 − 1,659
Georgia . . . . . . . . . 7,602 5,756 505 2,726 770 1,846 701 30 3,574 − 480
Kansas. . . . . . . . . . 2,411 1,584 340 496 261 827 341 105 938 − 82
Kentucky . . . . . . . . 2,228 1,326 114 361 302 902 609 40 1,075 − 46
Louisiana . . . . . . . . 3,286 2,426 62 1,249 306 860 406 25 1,068 − 228
Maine. . . . . . . . . . . 570 427 42 69 132 143 48 5 90 − −
Maryland . . . . . . . . 3,370 2,357 558 − 731 1,013 306 107 527 179 1,131
Massachusetts. . . . . 3,153 2,346 256 442 781 808 184 27 2,413 − 2,728
Michigan. . . . . . . . . 8,055 5,894 1,009 790 1,301 2,160 602 172 1,930 − 2,699
Minnesota . . . . . . . . 5,794 3,864 394 1,003 536 1,930 729 321 1,449 236 454
Mississippi . . . . . . . 2,687 2,218 293 1,445 161 469 181 8 611 − −
Missouri . . . . . . . . . 4,016 3,036 619 995 493 981 430 63 1,289 − 715
Montana . . . . . . . . . 628 409 62 44 65 219 73 60 83 − −
Nebraska . . . . . . . . 1,519 962 194 325 112 558 151 54 2,475 − 222
Nevada . . . . . . . . . 2,888 1,858 110 504 335 1,030 295 111 817 − −
New Hampshire . . . . 489 361 50 − 82 128 32 1 86 − 16
New Jersey . . . . . . . 5,576 3,613 955 115 1,135 1,963 418 25 879 − 18
New Mexico . . . . . . 1,004 671 97 100 122 333 118 53 431 − −
New York . . . . . . . . 20,730 13,718 1,235 2,893 1,545 7,012 1,701 113 4,690 − 6,509
North Carolina . . . . . 7,689 6,272 506 2,767 1,227 1,417 524 47 2,862 438 39
North Dakota . . . . . . 419 221 44 − 35 198 57 57 100 − 20
Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . 8,895 6,026 1,016 1,043 1,502 2,869 1,287 188 2,034 − 237
Oklahoma . . . . . . . . 2,329 1,755 255 635 221 573 208 16 774 − 91
Oregon. . . . . . . . . . 3,192 2,320 424 234 620 872 263 109 1,243 − 2
Pennsylvania . . . . . . 8,573 5,560 768 44 1,666 3,013 1,804 89 2,533 − 1,496
Rhode Island . . . . . . 352 256 28 1 81 96 25 7 143 − 83
South Carolina. . . . . 4,477 3,506 226 2,298 309 971 433 39 1,403 − 4
Virginia. . . . . . . . . . 4,875 3,445 328 220 852 1,430 565 156 1,432 − 1,043
Washington . . . . . . . 6,177 4,876 297 1,288 1,099 1,301 447 98 5,089 − 374
West Virginia . . . . . . 928 619 33 197 152 310 147 11 165 − 25
Wisconsin . . . . . . . . 3,451 2,679 459 68 558 772 272 93 1,148 − 735
Wyoming . . . . . . . . 968 834 62 609 41 134 63 6 121 − −
1
− Represents or rounds to zero. Includes items not shown separately.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau; Federal, State, and Local Governments, State Government Finances; <http://www.census.gov
/govs/www/estimate05.html> (accessed April 2008).
General expenditures
Direct expenditures
State
Total Police
expen- Edu- Public Hos- High- protec-
1 1
ditures Total Total cation welfare Health pitals ways tion
United States . . . 1,313,908 1,151,668 1,138,103 497,504 44,788 35,519 60,801 48,028 64,716
Colorado. . . . . . . . . 21,524 18,510 18,498 7,000 551 269 1,054 1,212 1,087
Connecticut . . . . . . . 13,243 12,253 12,250 6,781 117 113 − 463 665
Delaware . . . . . . . . 2,617 2,356 2,353 1,421 − 23 − 116 154
District of Columbia . 8,787 7,033 7,033 1,406 1,761 482 158 79 436
Florida . . . . . . . . . . 77,442 68,042 67,780 25,724 975 788 5,020 2,627 5,164
Georgia . . . . . . . . . 34,718 29,864 29,766 14,203 145 958 2,811 991 1,514
Virginia. . . . . . . . . . 28,562 26,337 26,314 12,160 1,263 1,151 209 654 1,367
Washington . . . . . . . 30,217 23,211 23,186 9,045 91 816 1,470 1,138 1,098
West Virginia . . . . . . 4,452 4,183 4,178 2,443 5 66 212 75 171
Wisconsin . . . . . . . . 23,546 21,783 21,756 10,023 1,477 1,057 192 1,821 1,242
Wyoming . . . . . . . . 2,958 2,822 2,821 1,184 15 62 589 117 117
General expenditures—Con.
Direct expenditures—Con.
Hous-
State ing and Insur-
Parks com- Govern- Interest ance
and munity mental on Utility trust Debt
Correc- Sewer- Solid recre- devel- admin- general expen- expen- out-
tions age waste ation opment istration debt Other ditures ditures standing
United States . . 20,835 35,491 18,285 27,459 34,987 61,163 46,804 110,285 134,776 27,463 1,271,751
Alabama . . . . . . . 190 490 256 421 433 639 580 870 2,149 109 16,270
Alaska. . . . . . . . . 2 80 72 66 116 157 85 298 268 22 2,992
Arizona . . . . . . . . 516 548 351 661 331 1,505 862 2,154 3,876 121 24,792
Arkansas . . . . . . . 109 206 169 117 157 299 279 392 747 32 6,904
California . . . . . . . 4,042 4,689 2,149 4,534 7,768 10,650 6,235 16,544 24,856 6,160 178,613
Colorado . . ..... 273 599 70 955 549 1,185 1,039 2,132 2,712 302 26,698
Connecticut ..... − 356 201 224 488 484 317 1,614 632 358 8,003
Delaware . . ..... − 156 14 37 67 136 80 124 227 34 1,876
District of
Columbia . ..... 173 257 223 138 436 428 292 602 1,728 26 6,741
Florida. . . . ..... 1,440 2,291 2,003 2,172 1,460 4,018 3,597 8,193 8,595 805 85,005
Georgia . . . ..... 597 1,082 527 609 821 1,940 632 2,176 4,579 275 29,729
Kansas . . . . . . . . 101 276 117 211 176 515 492 925 1,006 38 12,436
Kentucky . . . . . . . 216 308 142 120 234 312 861 817 1,074 32 21,633
Louisiana . . . . . . . 470 481 280 322 488 922 585 1,266 1,299 149 13,260
Maine . . . . . . . . . 54 130 108 49 94 186 102 381 95 − 2,335
Maryland . . . . . . . 438 495 471 600 748 964 674 1,676 781 661 14,282
Massachusetts . . . 239 649 372 176 1,126 873 597 3,283 3,765 1,333 21,996
Michigan . . . . . . . 620 1,650 461 869 403 2,199 1,606 3,373 2,514 1,173 42,650
Minnesota . . . . . . 371 517 274 702 693 1,160 1,140 1,968 1,816 424 28,997
Mississippi . . . . . . 90 143 133 143 216 495 284 461 662 − 5,861
Missouri. . . . . . . . 208 628 114 413 438 964 634 1,456 1,685 412 15,150
Oklahoma . . . . . . 91 297 133 171 193 544 217 635 807 43 6,944
Oregon . . . . . . . . 386 636 104 398 372 747 573 1,219 1,565 79 15,393
Pennsylvania . . . . 1,201 1,596 625 600 1,855 2,442 2,974 3,229 3,818 1,139 72,901
Rhode Island . . . . 10 90 42 44 176 140 67 300 149 129 1,869
South Carolina . . . 181 293 279 190 238 800 498 703 1,418 4 16,547
Virginia . . . . . . . . 598 898 593 787 756 1,663 1,052 2,336 1,713 512 27,634
Washington . . . . . 455 1,055 471 757 872 1,289 908 2,843 6,866 140 36,026
West Virginia . . . . 43 165 53 102 121 280 160 202 240 29 3,419
Wisconsin . . . . . . 371 781 323 561 417 1,019 700 1,260 1,405 357 18,162
Wyoming . . . . . . . 55 45 49 71 9 183 33 251 135 − 1,031
1
− Represents or rounds to zero. Includes other items not shown separately.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Federal, State, and Local Governments, State Governmental Finances, 2005; <http://www.census
.gov/govs/www/estimate05.html> (accessed April 2008).
[In millions of dollars (77,232 represents $77,232,000,000). For fiscal years ending in year shown; see text this section. Cities ranked by estimated resident population as of July 1. Data reflect inclusion of fiscal
activity of dependent school systems where applicable. Regarding intercity comparisons, see text this section. See Appendix III]
State and Local Government Finances and Employment
General revenue
Intergovernmental General revenue from own sources
Cities ranked by Taxes Current charges Miscellaneous
2005 population From
From state/ From Sales and gross receipts Parks Insur-
federal local local and Interest ance
Total govern- govern- govern- General Public recre- Sewer- earn- Utility trust
revenue 1 Total Total ment ment ment Total Total 1
Property Total 1
sales utilities Total 1
ation age 2 Total 1
ings revenue 3 revenue
4
New York, NY . . . . . . . . 77,232 67,309 26,128 4,549 20,633 946 41,181 31,595 11,839 5,779 4,375 464 5,880 68 1,055 3,706 761 7,180 6,509
Los Angeles, CA . . . . . . . 12,721 7,397 895 257 638 − 6,502 3,024 1,016 1,307 525 644 2,356 86 552 1,121 400 2,844 2,481
Chicago, IL . . . . . . . . . . . 6,676 4,925 1,246 428 817 − 3,680 1,936 387 1,273 230 515 1,008 − 145 737 191 332 1,419
Houston, TX . . . . . . . . . . 3,823 2,562 240 167 52 21 2,322 1,356 738 576 371 163 735 25 304 232 115 312 950
Phoenix, AZ . . . . . . . . . . 3,043 2,639 979 504 432 42 1,660 893 240 589 450 78 588 27 210 179 117 424 150
Philadelphia, PA 4 . . . . . . . 6,989 5,593 2,501 743 1,628 130 3,092 2,360 393 211 120 − 608 1 223 124 64 943 454
San Antonio, TX. . . . . . . . 2,991 1,295 198 54 141 4 1,096 515 260 232 162 24 397 27 228 184 100 1,507 189
San Diego, CA. . . . . . . . . 3,173 2,161 438 181 236 21 1,724 825 340 383 193 68 621 66 342 277 105 275 745
Dallas, TX. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,712 1,863 101 73 26 2 1,762 828 472 330 195 99 744 29 216 189 122 186 664
San Jose, CA . . . . . . . . . 1,798 1,421 201 55 114 32 1,221 641 281 223 100 107 422 14 185 158 109 19 358
Honolulu, HI 4 . . . . . . . . . 1,337 1,192 179 105 74 − 1,014 694 500 108 − 57 245 21 202 74 20 173 −
Detroit, MI. . . . . . . . . . . . 5,453 3,806 2,118 336 1,781 − 1,688 1,050 498 210 − 53 386 12 314 252 50 372 1,363
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Jacksonville, FL 4 . . . . . . . 3,141 1,817 354 75 279 − 1,462 685 344 333 184 100 333 19 153 445 221 1,089 292
Indianapolis, IN . . . . . . . . 3,470 2,802 568 46 510 11 2,234 1,629 1,480 48 − 1 468 24 77 137 62 645 44
San Francisco, CA 4 . . . . . 7,655 5,553 2,304 130 1,584 591 3,249 1,853 839 543 298 86 1,033 27 149 364 101 1,005 1,728
Columbus, OH . . . . . . . . . 1,156 999 194 78 110 7 805 539 40 18 − 6 209 8 164 57 13 157 −
Austin, TX. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,168 983 101 50 27 24 882 436 243 177 118 29 357 22 157 89 24 948 237
Louisville/Jefferson, KY 4 . . 782 678 143 26 114 4 535 320 106 60 − 3 141 11 − 73 29 103 −
Memphis, TN. . . . . . . . . . 3,653 1,904 1,060 57 585 418 843 557 410 135 95 10 120 9 72 166 78 1,417 349
Ft. Worth, TX. . . . . . . . . . 961 579 27 − 27 − 552 352 228 85 75 − 139 5 111 61 38 164 218
Baltimore, MD 4 . . . . . . . . 3,144 2,690 1,396 246 1,116 34 1,294 936 543 76 − 48 251 10 142 107 32 99 355
Charlotte, NC . . . . . . . . . 1,277 1,179 332 83 101 147 847 328 263 33 2 − 296 − 163 224 56 163 34
El Paso, TX. . . . . . . . . . . 699 489 70 53 15 2 420 251 133 110 77 30 129 3 73 39 14 85 137
Boston, MA . . . . . . . . . . . 3,406 2,796 1,147 89 1,056 3 1,649 1,266 1,194 38 − − 188 − 117 195 32 108 502
Seattle, WA. . . . . . . . . . . 2,464 1,348 148 42 105 1 1,200 720 264 285 131 115 365 45 277 116 14 908 214
Washington, DC. . . . . . . . 8,512 7,973 2,497 2,497 − − 5,477 4,235 1,136 1,211 770 221 520 24 165 721 122 102 343
Milwaukee, WI . . . . . . . . . 1,504 900 422 71 301 50 479 241 229 − − − 189 4 103 49 25 58 546
Denver, CO 4. . . . . . . . . . 2,414 2,060 296 27 264 4 1,764 778 185 496 427 24 776 43 67 210 54 142 213
Las Vegas, NV . . . . . . . . 810 810 356 26 248 81 455 212 109 56 − 50 183 9 83 60 13 36 −
Nashville-Davidson, TN 4 . . 2,843 1,785 669 6 431 233 1,116 734 609 55 17 8 235 7 79 147 87 901 174
Oklahoma City, OK . . . . . . 970 863 88 45 40 3 775 415 49 325 294 26 251 13 78 109 19 68 41
Portland, OR . . . . . . . . . . 954 874 167 48 66 53 707 392 241 56 − 42 258 23 185 56 25 79 1
Tucson, AZ . . . . . . . . . . . 904 728 253 70 158 26 475 295 53 209 190 8 140 13 34 41 7 129 57
Albuquerque, NM . . . . . . . 970 877 311 69 216 25 566 303 92 192 163 18 194 11 96 69 17 121 −
Atlanta, GA . . . . . . . . . . . 1,568 1,227 126 33 5 89 1,101 356 188 113 − 46 643 28 164 102 49 165 176
1 2 3 4
− Represents or rounds to zero. Includes revenue sources not shown separately. Includes solid waste management. Includes water, electric, and transit. Represents, in effect, city-county consolidated
government.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Federal, State, and Local Governments, Government Finances, 2004−2005. See also <http://www.census.gov/govs/www/estimate05.html>; (accessed April 2008).
Table 440. City Governments—Expenditures and Debt for Largest Cities: 2005
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
[In millions of dollars (76,725 represents $76,725,000,000). For fiscal year ending in year shown; see headnote, Table 439]
General expenditures
Hous-
Cities ranked by ing and Solid Insur-
2005 population Total com- Health Parks waste Govern- Interest ance
Total direct munity and Police Fire and man- mental on Utility trust Debt
expen- expen- Educa- devel- Public hos- protec- protec- Correc- High- recre- Sewer- age- adminis- general expen- expen- out-
1
ditures ditures Total tion opment welfare pitals tion tion tions ways ation age ment tration 2 debt ditures 3 ditures standing
New York, NY 4 . . . . . . . . 76,725 71,369 60,292 15,624 3,626 10,054 6,267 3,959 1,307 1,208 1,690 666 1,973 1,096 1,102 2,747 8,729 7,705 80,931
Los Angeles, CA . . . . . . . 11,516 11,516 6,819 − 260 − 171 1,635 519 − 515 318 487 210 721 425 3,394 1,303 14,218
Chicago, IL . . . . . . . . . . . 7,344 7,227 5,837 1 212 139 193 1,188 409 − 599 149 100 186 166 701 276 1,231 15,344
Houston, TX . . . . . . . . . . 3,548 3,521 2,854 − 39 − 105 505 349 15 170 106 338 68 120 298 276 417 10,835
Phoenix, AZ . . . . . . . . . . 3,239 3,228 2,451 21 118 − − 401 194 11 110 263 135 123 105 203 700 88 6,069
State and Local Government Finances and Employment
Philadelphia, PA 4 . . . . . . . 6,502 6,416 4,913 23 197 587 1,157 507 173 356 89 91 149 96 339 121 994 595 5,899
San Antonio, TX. . . . . . . . 2,880 2,880 1,278 49 23 55 34 212 132 − 75 114 178 43 58 69 1,539 64 5,657
San Diego, CA. . . . . . . . . 2,792 2,781 2,149 − 349 − 52 349 168 9 132 230 375 57 85 70 445 199 2,911
Dallas, TX. . . . . . . . . . . . 3,030 3,021 2,515 − 42 2 39 279 146 6 113 123 196 49 50 216 290 224 7,907
San Jose, CA . . . . . . . . . 1,849 1,816 1,677 − 141 − 17 214 112 − 99 129 126 76 238 193 31 141 4,305
Honolulu, HI 4 . . . . . . . . . 1,568 1,568 1,241 − 41 − 23 175 71 − 120 112 169 132 84 109 327 − 2,954
Detroit, MI. . . . . . . . . . . . 5,728 5,662 4,722 1,833 43 − 200 477 170 − 184 127 528 90 215 219 623 383 9,246
Jacksonville, FL 4 . . . . . . . 3,540 3,405 1,966 − 42 45 80 181 82 55 207 96 334 79 84 231 1,406 168 10,244
Indianapolis, IN . . . . . . . . 3,023 3,011 2,286 − 266 79 544 186 63 74 107 70 274 40 184 168 666 70 3,786
San Francisco, CA 4 . . . . . 6,594 6,594 5,150 101 178 446 1,271 294 199 173 108 172 125 − 602 533 900 545 8,194
Columbus, OH . . . . . . . . . 1,026 1,016 881 − 9 − 30 195 131 11 62 63 135 37 68 83 145 − 1,566
Austin, TX. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,205 2,205 1,103 − 33 10 117 167 84 − 79 91 130 40 55 78 996 106 4,423
Louisville/Jefferson, KY 4 . . 766 765 723 − 103 16 34 121 53 44 45 35 − 18 69 42 44 − 2,555
Memphis, TN. . . . . . . . . . 3,359 3,340 1,823 974 34 − 12 197 128 − 62 58 29 39 42 51 1,359 177 2,818
Ft. Worth, TX. . . . . . . . . . 1,483 1,483 1,216 − 12 − 8 124 76 − 77 21 81 38 29 57 189 78 1,158
Baltimore, MD 4 . . . . . . . . 2,831 2,757 2,475 920 108 2 138 335 123 − 155 68 139 66 140 73 104 252 1,903
Charlotte, NC . . . . . . . . . 1,230 1,220 861 − 35 − 4 140 71 − 95 121 100 38 21 37 353 15 2,669
El Paso, TX. . . . . . . . . . . 681 681 492 − 17 − 18 80 47 − 34 25 67 21 25 29 119 70 919
Boston, MA . . . . . . . . . . . 3,015 2,773 2,577 879 77 92 178 266 154 102 58 30 144 57 57 56 102 336 1,575
Seattle, WA. . . . . . . . . . . 2,621 2,507 1,438 − 41 35 16 185 131 13 93 186 198 113 66 53 1,096 87 3,595
Washington, DC. . . . . . . . 7,515 7,299 7,250 1,406 436 1,761 640 436 161 173 79 138 257 223 407 292 176 89 6,522
Milwaukee, WI . . . . . . . . . 1,217 1,192 953 − 127 − 31 196 89 − 104 4 63 62 38 37 69 196 1,103
Denver, CO 4. . . . . . . . . . 2,401 2,345 2,103 − 101 98 58 174 84 68 81 235 73 − 128 303 202 96 5,941
Las Vegas, NV . . . . . . . . 716 598 714 − 19 1 2 113 101 40 75 81 39 5 114 17 2 − 338
Nashville-Davidson, TN 4 . . 2,805 2,804 1,715 647 − 32 158 148 95 48 31 62 47 23 102 135 950 139 3,535
Oklahoma City, OK . . . . . . 908 908 748 − 8 − − 116 106 − 54 54 112 7 108 37 144 16 995
Portland, OR . . . . . . . . . . 2,389 2,389 2,214 − 57 − − 133 73 − 131 93 245 2 51 104 97 78 2,357
Tucson, AZ . . . . . . . . . . . 932 932 750 − 57 − − 127 67 − 77 62 − 38 119 44 149 33 1,095
Albuquerque, NM . . . . . . . 913 913 794 − 36 14 23 113 61 46 81 108 43 49 32 33 119 − 929
Atlanta, GA . . . . . . . . . . . 1,854 1,798 1,401 − 5 − − 134 60 33 24 95 178 43 59 76 347 105 6,050
− Represents or rounds to zero. 1 Includes expenditure sources not shown separately. 2 Excludes public buildings. 3 Includes water, electric, and transit. 4 Represents, in effect, city−county consolidated
government.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Federal, State, and Local Governments, Government Finances, 2004−2005. See also <http://www.census.gov/govs/estimate05.html> (accessed April 2008).
289
Table 441. County Governments—Revenue for Largest Counties: 2005
290
[In millions of dollars (20,800 represents $20,800,000,000). For fiscal year ending in year shown; see text, this section. See Appendix III]
State and Local Government Finances and Employment
General revenue
Intergovernmental General revenue from own sources
From federal From state government Taxes Current charges Miscellaneous
government general revenue
Counties ranked by
2005 population Sales and gross
receipts
Health From Parks
Total and local Gen- and
reve- Hous- Public hos- govern- Prop- eral recre- Sewer- Hos- Interest
nue 1 Total Total Total 1
ing 2 Total 1
welfare pitals ment Total Total 1
erty Total sales Total 1
ation age 3 pitals Total 1
earnings
Los Angeles, CA . . . . . 20,800 17,002 8,990 330 3 8,423 4,691 1,190 237 8,011 2,996 2,729 117 39 4,380 94 77 2,863 635 137
Cook, IL . . . . . . . . . . . 3,515 2,762 570 52 − 516 260 − 2 2,193 1,519 839 656 347 577 45 − 330 98 37
Harris, TX . . . . . . . . . . 3,022 3,022 637 62 24 455 163 195 120 2,385 1,297 1,192 50 − 734 1 − 244 354 237
Maricopa, AZ . . . . . . . . 2,385 2,385 1,238 98 7 1,092 447 31 48 1,147 712 555 123 123 222 4 − 154 213 146
Orange, CA. . . . . . . . . 4,183 3,289 1,865 57 9 1,733 648 190 76 1,424 580 488 46 43 606 42 115 − 238 138
San Diego, CA. . . . . . . 4,594 3,736 2,557 135 104 2,334 1,007 458 88 1,178 642 546 27 18 325 3 28 − 212 75
Dade, FL . . . . . . . . . . 6,097 5,846 1,347 870 254 440 − 25 37 4,499 1,685 1,152 428 114 2,283 32 471 953 531 236
Dallas, TX. . . . . . . . . . 1,541 1,504 235 9 − 214 107 15 12 1,269 626 583 3 − 581 − − 518 62 21
Riverside, CA . . . . . . . 2,977 2,977 1,841 86 15 1,605 734 307 150 1,136 426 344 33 26 505 6 75 154 205 56
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
San Bernardino, CA . . . 3,768 3,297 1,977 134 17 1,789 928 203 55 1,319 329 277 23 16 848 7 71 410 142 50
Wayne, MI . . . . . . . . . 1,922 1,835 1,190 133 9 891 23 487 165 645 370 345 16 − 233 5 77 13 42 12
King, WA . . . . . . . . . . 2,186 2,073 559 160 20 281 − 170 118 1,514 974 450 494 398 450 5 328 − 90 38
Broward, FL . . . . . . . . 2,117 2,065 430 110 7 195 − 5 125 1,635 852 715 117 − 615 16 170 − 167 84
Clark, NV . . . . . . . . . . 4,397 4,000 1,163 116 19 883 25 12 165 2,837 1,280 561 488 109 1,034 65 88 450 522 136
Santa Clara, CA. . . . . . 3,242 3,242 1,565 34 3 1,488 843 168 43 1,677 700 511 142 140 836 4 3 646 141 26
Tarrant, TX . . . . . . . . . 1,043 1,043 222 57 − 152 8 127 14 820 475 442 11 − 179 − − 122 166 112
Bexar, TX . . . . . . . . . . 1,104 1,104 219 4 2 200 106 48 14 885 387 345 25 − 414 − − 383 84 68
Suffolk, NY . . . . . . . . . 2,687 2,567 593 37 6 547 293 147 9 1,974 1,653 534 1,089 1,084 185 10 22 − 136 31
Alameda, CA . . . . . . . . 3,003 2,412 1,270 18 3 1,216 642 286 36 1,143 394 343 24 14 606 − − 318 143 60
Sacramento, CA. . . . . . 3,196 2,658 1,431 62 − 1,306 735 162 63 1,227 403 250 85 61 607 13 321 − 217 82
Nassau, NY. . . . . . . . . 3,420 3,420 921 71 21 849 514 126 − 2,499 1,877 905 947 934 429 22 1 249 193 27
Cuyahoga, OH. . . . . . . 2,070 2,070 920 20 20 895 478 252 5 1,150 561 337 180 165 365 − 4 324 225 161
Palm Beach, FL . . . . . . 1,640 1,591 215 59 9 153 5 − 3 1,376 865 606 144 − 294 11 83 − 217 65
Allegheny, PA . . . . . . . 1,469 1,391 996 48 33 946 302 436 3 394 297 259 37 21 70 3 − − 27 3
Oakland, MI . . . . . . . . 1,065 965 578 189 6 234 6 51 155 387 260 238 9 − 87 9 16 4 40 6
Hillsborough, FL. . . . . . 1,765 1,602 262 47 21 212 43 − 3 1,340 824 546 237 171 387 2 75 − 130 58
Hennepin, MN . . . . . . . 1,808 1,808 772 219 9 542 328 98 10 1,036 447 430 − − 495 − 79 315 94 30
Franklin, OH . . . . . . . . 1,045 1,044 408 7 3 376 48 236 25 636 383 278 99 85 110 4 3 − 142 127
Orange, FL . . . . . . . . . 1,532 1,476 235 54 − 181 3 − − 1,241 812 488 185 − 255 46 115 − 174 113
Contra Costa, CA . . . . . 2,499 1,998 836 117 106 640 333 105 79 1,162 363 308 21 8 678 − 28 418 120 62
Fairfax, VA . . . . . . . . . 4,810 4,006 983 105 56 828 133 75 50 3,022 2,439 1,918 295 168 394 36 221 − 189 90
St Louis, MO . . . . . . . . 657 616 52 16 12 36 − 6 − 564 485 148 324 291 64 1 5 − 15 4
Salt Lake, UT . . . . . . . 495 495 74 14 − 49 − − 12 420 339 205 106 77 59 7 7 − 22 3
Fulton, GA . . . . . . . . . 1,109 935 86 10 4 73 34 14 2 849 737 484 209 194 62 1 50 − 50 9
Westchester, NY . . . . . 2,406 2,398 535 20 − 509 266 132 5 1,863 1,009 604 398 384 781 29 29 542 72 47
1 2 3
− Represents or rounds to zero. Includes revenue sources not shown separately. Includes community development. Includes solid waste management.
Source: Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of State & Local Government Finances, 2005; <http://www.census.gov/govs/www/estimate05.html>.
Table 442. County Governments—Expenditures and Debt for Largest Counties: 2005
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
[In millions of dollars (18,587 represents $18,587,000,000). For fiscal year ending in year shown; see text, this section and Appendix III]
General expenditures
Sewer-
Counties ranked by age and Govern- Inter- Employee
2005 population Total Parks solid mental est on retire- Debt
Total direct Police and Natural waste admin- gen- Utility ment out-
expen- expen- Edu- Hous- Public Hospi- protec- Correc- High- recre- re- manage- istra- eral expen- expen- stand-
ditures 1 ditures Total 1
cation ing 2 welfare Health tals tion tion ways ation sources ment tion debt ditures 3 ditures ing
Los Angeles, CA . . . . . 18,587 18,304 16,966 887 5 4,614 1,770 2,916 1,118 969 251 227 401 58 1,565 138 58 1,562 3,015
Cook, IL . . . . . . . . . . 3,175 3,164 2,801 − 10 11 39 897 94 389 136 112 − − 689 129 − 374 3,286
Harris, TX . . . . . . . . . 3,376 3,347 3,376 − 3 33 200 880 363 69 372 26 181 − 407 424 − − 8,477
Maricopa, AZ . . . . . . . 2,154 1,849 2,154 35 11 695 77 162 57 324 103 7 72 5 353 108 − − 1,991
Orange, CA . . . . . . . . 3,475 3,421 3,237 241 15 735 322 − 270 252 36 1 129 90 430 161 − 238 3,173
State and Local Government Finances and Employment
San Diego, CA . . . . . . 4,014 3,704 3,764 376 105 1,038 500 − 216 300 121 20 19 48 514 108 − 249 1,950
Dade, FL . . . . . . . . . . 6,526 6,512 5,978 − 246 270 65 1,315 394 232 195 327 43 408 240 541 548 − 9,515
Dallas, TX . . . . . . . . . 1,514 1,514 1,501 7 31 6 45 952 27 132 22 − − 1 135 24 − 13 462
Riverside, CA . . . . . . . 2,847 2,702 2,847 336 51 638 153 377 243 165 117 11 76 76 260 63 − − 1,194
San Bernardino, CA. . . 3,319 3,177 3,133 349 7 897 258 437 204 176 46 21 65 62 236 114 − 186 1,958
Wayne, MI . . . . . . . . . 1,905 1,846 1,797 − 9 182 515 53 36 256 146 60 21 69 333 56 − 108 674
King, WA . . . . . . . . . . 2,562 2,520 1,675 49 24 2 322 1 116 120 119 40 46 391 209 103 887 − 3,052
Broward, FL . . . . . . . . 2,108 2,063 1,964 − 13 43 92 − 311 181 55 127 20 137 174 140 144 − 2,847
Clark, NV. . . . . . . . . . 4,028 3,983 3,452 − 17 165 70 487 392 163 571 251 127 80 290 232 576 − 5,498
Santa Clara, CA . . . . . 3,214 2,939 3,214 214 13 763 344 747 94 229 133 33 3 2 322 50 − − 811
Tarrant, TX. . . . . . . . . 976 976 976 − 22 8 100 398 30 76 62 − − − 119 107 − − 2,216
Bexar, TX . . . . . . . . . 1,025 1,001 1,025 − 2 41 46 557 40 70 29 2 9 − 99 70 − − 975
Suffolk, NY. . . . . . . . . 2,709 2,379 2,518 163 6 555 308 − 434 121 44 25 19 76 111 61 192 − 1,511
Alameda, CA . . . . . . . 2,451 2,447 2,211 39 4 546 297 376 82 223 28 − 38 − 277 47 46 194 1,223
Sacramento, CA . . . . . 2,763 2,700 2,579 149 9 682 407 − 197 182 155 31 3 205 234 109 17 166 3,473
Nassau, NY . . . . . . . . 3,485 3,011 3,481 179 23 669 291 381 653 208 93 53 − 100 180 161 4 − 3,330
Cuyahoga, OH . . . . . . 2,054 2,034 2,054 − 23 411 320 584 25 98 52 − − 14 233 171 − − 3,220
Palm Beach, FL . . . . . 3,150 3,084 3,057 300 36 49 50 − 192 97 101 77 61 193 135 182 93 − 1,760
Allegheny, PA . . . . . . . 1,437 1,348 1,381 30 59 365 427 − 35 66 33 61 − − 103 25 − 56 658
Oakland, MI . . . . . . . . 966 932 907 10 10 6 242 8 56 106 120 15 42 103 139 12 25 34 337
Hillsborough, FL . . . . . 3,832 3,704 3,638 − 28 91 118 − 160 105 109 69 43 76 239 83 194 − 2,197
Hennepin, MN . . . . . . 1,628 1,625 1,621 − 21 460 228 395 64 81 29 8 − 57 125 24 7 − 538
Franklin, OH. . . . . . . . 1,082 1,051 1,079 − 8 281 290 − 30 57 45 18 − 5 161 121 3 − 2,025
Orange, FL . . . . . . . . 3,624 3,595 3,469 − 37 80 49 − 148 150 136 35 26 108 120 284 156 − 3,200
Contra Costa, CA . . . . 2,175 2,122 1,980 120 112 358 185 445 84 106 90 − 27 16 153 56 15 180 1,021
Fairfax, VA . . . . . . . . . 4,399 4,270 3,957 1,993 114 221 164 − 211 35 22 100 4 238 137 172 157 285 3,582
St Louis, MO . . . . . . . 688 474 662 − 13 27 47 − 76 21 71 25 − 4 67 5 2 24 346
Salt Lake, UT . . . . . . . 520 520 520 − 1 46 25 − 36 60 25 83 5 10 87 24 − − 334
Fulton, GA . . . . . . . . . 1,099 868 952 − 9 76 45 77 60 59 15 12 1 63 228 14 95 53 788
Westchester, NY . . . . . 2,536 2,209 2,498 95 − 463 215 598 43 130 31 53 1 149 100 60 38 − 1,426
1 2 3
− Represents or rounds to zero. Includes expenditure categories not shown separately. Includes community development. Includes solid waste management.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of State & Local Government Finances, 2005; <http://www.census.gov/govs/www/estimate05.html>.
291
Table 443. Governmental Employment and Payrolls: 1982 to 2006
[Employees in thousands (15,841 represents 15,841,000), payroll in millions of dollars (23,173 represents $23,173,000,000).
Data are for the month of October through 1992. Beginning with the 1997 survey, data are for the month of March. Cov-
ers both full-time and part-time employees. Local government data are estimates subject to sampling variation; see Appendix III
and source]
Type of government 1982 1987 1992 1997 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
EMPLOYEES (1,000)
Total . . . . . . . . . . 15,841 17,212 18,745 19,540 20,876 21,039 21,336 21,494 21,725 22,048
Federal (civilian) 1 . . . . . . . 2,848 3,091 3,047 2,807 2,899 2,690 2,717 2,733 2,720 2,721
State and local . . . . . . . . . 12,993 14,121 15,698 16,733 17,976 18,349 18,649 18,759 19,004 19,327
Percent of total . . . . . 82 82 84 86 86 87 87 87 87 88
State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,744 4,116 4,595 4,733 4,877 5,072 5,042 5,041 5,078 5,128
Local. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,249 10,005 11,103 12,000 13,099 13,277 13,606 13,719 13,926 14,199
Counties. . . . . . . . . . 1,824 1,963 2,253 2,425 (NA) 2,729 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
Municipalities. . . . . . . 2,397 2,493 2,665 2,755 (NA) 2,972 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
School districts . . . . . 4,194 4,627 5,134 5,675 (NA) 6,367 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
Townships . . . . . . . . 356 393 424 455 (NA) 488 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
Special districts . . . . . 478 529 627 691 (NA) 721 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
PAYROLLS (mil. dol.)
Total . . . . . . . . . . 23,173 32,669 43,120 49,156 58,166 63,923 67,194 68,759 71,599 74,638
Federal (civilian) 1 . . . . . . . 5,959 7,924 9,937 9,744 11,485 11,599 12,672 12,844 13,475 13,896
State and local . . . . . . . . . 17,214 24,745 33,183 39,412 46,681 52,323 54,522 55,914 58,123 60,741
Percent of total . . . . . 74 76 77 80 80 82 81 81 81 81
State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,022 7,263 9,828 11,413 13,279 14,838 15,116 15,477 16,062 16,769
Local. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,192 17,482 23,355 27,999 33,402 37,486 39,406 40,437 42,062 43,972
Counties. . . . . . . . . . 2,287 3,270 4,698 5,750 (NA) 7,902 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
Municipalities. . . . . . . 3,428 4,770 6,207 7,146 (NA) 9,714 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
School districts . . . . . 5,442 7,961 10,394 12,579 (NA) 16,720 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
Townships . . . . . . . . 370 522 685 869 (NA) 1,124 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
Special districts . . . . . 665 959 1,370 1,654 (NA) 2,026 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
NA Not available. 1 Includes employees outside the United States.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Federal, State, and Local Governments, ‘‘Public Employment and Payroll Data’’; <http://www.census
.gov/govs/www/apes.html>.
Benefit cost
Occupation Total Retire-
and com- Wages Supple- ment Legally
industry pen- and Paid mental Insur- and required
sation salaries Total leave pay ance savings benefits
Total workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.66 25.90 12.76 3.01 0.33 4.36 2.82 2.24
Occupational group:
Management, professional, and related ... 47.31 33.23 14.08 3.29 0.20 4.81 3.21 2.58
Professional and related . . . . . . . . . ... 47.01 33.35 13.66 2.99 0.20 4.79 3.15 2.53
Teachers 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 52.23 38.14 14.09 2.74 0.09 4.92 3.62 2.72
Primary, secondary, and special
education school teachers. . . . . . . . . . 50.66 36.67 13.99 2.59 0.08 5.23 3.50 2.58
Sales and office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.27 16.27 10.00 2.50 0.18 4.05 1.66 1.61
Office and administrative support . . . . . . 26.28 16.28 10.00 2.50 0.18 4.05 1.67 1.60
Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.66 17.93 11.73 2.69 0.63 3.59 2.94 1.88
Industry group:
Education and health services . . . . . . . .. 40.92 28.64 12.28 2.80 0.19 4.40 2.66 2.23
Educational services . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 41.50 29.28 12.22 2.62 0.12 4.51 2.75 2.22
Elementary and secondary schools . .. 40.56 28.59 11.98 2.32 0.10 4.74 2.68 2.14
Junior colleges, colleges, and
universities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.92 31.77 13.15 3.68 0.20 3.77 3.01 2.50
Health care and social assistance . . . . . 36.91 24.23 12.68 4.02 0.67 3.63 2.05 2.30
Hospitals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.01 21.46 11.55 3.43 0.79 3.35 1.78 2.20
Public administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.43 21.90 13.53 3.33 0.52 4.33 3.20 2.14
1
Includes postsecondary teachers; primary, secondary, and special education teachers; and other teachers and instructors.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey, Benefits, Archives, 2007 National Survey
Compensation Publications List, Employer Costs for Employee Compensation News Release, March 2008; <http://www.bls.gov/ncs
/ncspubs.htm>; (accessed December 2007).
1985 . . . . . . . . . . . 2,789 1,952 3,563 1,179 835 248 22.3 17.3 20.6 18.4 17.5 19.2
1986 . . . . . . . . . . . 2,797 1,982 3,549 1,230 865 259 23.4 18.1 21.5 19.6 18.7 20.2
1987 . . . . . . . . . . . 2,818 2,031 3,600 1,249 872 268 24.2 18.9 22.4 20.9 19.3 21.1
1989 . . . . . . . . . . . 3,030 2,227 3,863 1,394 961 308 26.1 20.6 24.1 22.1 20.7 22.7
1990 . . . . . . . . . . . 3,071 2,302 3,918 1,456 994 327 27.3 21.8 25.2 23.3 22.0 23.8
1991 . . . . . . . . . . . 3,110 2,349 3,965 1,494 1,011 340 28.4 22.7 26.4 23.8 22.7 24.5
1993 . . . . . . . . . . . 2,820 2,204 3,588 1,436 948 341 30.6 24.3 28.5 25.9 24.2 26.8
1995 . . . . . . . . . . . 2,960 2,355 3,781 1,534 993 379 33.5 27.0 31.4 26.3 26.8 28.6
1997 . . . . . . . . . . . 2,898 2,307 3,676 1,529 973 392 34.6 27.9 32.2 30.2 27.4 29.5
1999 . . . . . . . . . . . 2,939 2,393 3,723 1,609 1,012 417 37.0 29.9 34.8 31.1 29.6 31.2
2001 . . . . . . . . . . . 3,080 2,554 3,888 1,746 1,077 471 39.8 32.1 37.5 34.0 31.5 33.8
2003 . . . . . . . . . . . 3,134 2,610 3,919 1,826 1,097 508 42.2 34.7 40.0 35.9 33.6 36.6
2005, total . . . . . 3,185 2,644 3,973 1,856 1,100 532 44.1 36.4 41.5 37.7 35.3 38.9
Officials/
administrators . . . . 223 137 290 70 42 18 68.6 61.3 66.0 65.1 63.0 65.2
Professionals. . . . . . 650 839 1,067 422 234 100 54.4 47.0 50.5 48.9 44.8 49.0
Technicians . . . . . . . 272 203 335 140 74 43 44.1 36.0 41.0 38.0 35.6 39.1
Protective service . . . 959 220 832 347 208 115 45.3 36.6 44.4 42.2 38.5 47.4
Paraprofessionals. . . 101 286 223 164 112 38 32.7 29.8 31.5 29.2 27.6 31.7
Admin. support . . . . 126 796 596 326 186 106 32.3 30.4 30.5 31.0 30.1 31.4
Skilled craft . . . . . . . 412 23 315 120 68 39 39.7 32.9 39.3 40.0 37.3 41.3
Service/
maintenance . . . .. 442 138 314 266 177 73 32.3 24.9 31.1 30.0 29.2 30.8
1 2 3
Non-Hispanic. Includes other minority groups not shown separately. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
Source: U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 1980−1991, State and Local Government Information Report,
annual; beginning 1993, biennial.
Education
Elementary Higher Public
State 1
Total and secondary education welfare Health Hospitals
State Local State Local State Local State Local State Local State Local
United States . . 1,708.3 6,917.0 48.9 6,596.4 1,568.2 320.6 232.0 278.9 182.7 250.2 396.7 530.0
Alabama . . . . . . . 39.7 97.1 − 97.1 36.5 − 4.3 1.5 5.4 4.6 11.3 25.1
Alaska. . . . . . . . . 8.4 17.5 3.2 17.4 4.9 0.1 1.8 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.7
Arizona . . . . . . . . 29.5 121.5 − 109.2 26.4 12.3 5.8 2.2 2.5 2.7 0.7 3.3
Arkansas . . . . . . . 24.2 68.1 − 68.1 22.7 − 3.7 0.1 4.8 0.4 5.1 1.6
California . . . . . . . 152.1 775.0 − 703.6 147.8 71.4 3.6 65.6 11.7 42.9 39.2 61.5
Colorado . . ..... 39.3 98.0 − 96.3 38.1 1.7 2.0 6.2 1.2 3.7 3.6 9.5
Connecticut ..... 18.8 89.4 − 89.4 16.0 − 5.4 2.0 1.9 1.5 10.4 −
Delaware . . ..... 8.0 17.3 − 17.3 7.7 − 1.6 − 2.1 0.3 1.8 −
District of
Columbia . . ..... (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)
Florida. . . . ..... 61.2 348.0 − 323.1 57.5 24.9 9.7 6.7 24.2 5.9 3.8 46.0
Georgia . . . ..... 53.1 232.7 − 232.7 49.9 − 9.4 1.4 4.9 11.0 7.2 21.9
Hawaii. . . . . . . . . 33.4 − 24.8 − 8.5 − 1.0 0.1 2.6 0.2 4.3 −
Idaho . . . . . . . . . 8.6 34.1 − 32.6 8.1 1.5 1.8 0.1 1.0 1.0 0.8 6.1
Illinois . . . . . . . . . 58.9 292.3 − 270.0 56.7 22.3 9.8 5.8 2.7 7.5 11.4 12.8
Indiana . . . . . . . . 55.7 135.8 − 135.8 54.5 − 5.6 1.1 1.9 3.6 2.6 24.4
Iowa . . . . . . . . . . 26.5 82.0 − 75.5 25.3 6.5 3.0 1.7 0.4 2.9 7.1 10.4
Kansas . . . . . . . . 20.0 87.8 − 80.1 19.4 7.7 2.8 0.7 1.1 3.2 2.5 7.9
Kentucky . . . . . . . 33.3 110.9 − 110.9 30.5 − 6.8 0.7 2.3 5.8 5.9 4.2
Louisiana . . . . . . . 31.8 107.8 − 107.8 28.4 − 5.0 0.5 3.8 1.5 13.0 17.1
Maine . . . . . . . . . 7.3 38.8 0.1 38.8 7.0 − 2.0 0.4 1.3 0.3 0.6 0.8
Maryland . . . . . . . 28.6 128.6 − 118.8 26.3 9.7 6.8 2.9 6.8 4.8 5.0 −
Massachusetts . . . 26.8 149.8 − 149.7 25.7 0.1 6.8 2.6 7.2 3.0 7.4 3.9
Michigan . . . . . . . 67.5 222.8 0.7 209.8 65.3 13.0 10.0 2.4 1.9 11.9 13.9 8.9
Minnesota . . . . . . 39.2 111.3 − 111.3 35.6 − 2.8 11.1 2.3 3.6 4.9 10.6
Mississippi . . . . . . 20.1 79.9 − 73.3 18.6 6.7 2.4 0.5 2.9 0.3 12.1 18.7
Missouri. . . . . . . . 29.9 140.5 − 134.3 28.1 6.2 7.8 2.6 3.3 3.8 11.8 11.2
Montana . . . . . . . 6.9 22.3 − 21.9 6.5 0.3 1.6 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.5
Nebraska . . . . . . . 12.9 49.5 − 46.5 12.3 3.0 2.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 4.1 4.3
Nevada . . . . . . . . 9.0 41.5 − 41.5 8.8 − 1.6 0.9 1.2 0.8 1.2 4.4
New Hampshire . . 6.7 34.6 − 34.6 6.3 − 1.5 2.5 0.9 0.2 0.8 −
New Jersey . . . . . 54.8 218.8 19.5 207.9 31.9 10.9 8.1 10.7 4.6 4.3 18.8 1.9
New Mexico . . . . . 18.7 49.7 − 45.9 17.5 3.8 1.6 0.8 2.4 0.4 10.6 0.9
New York . . . . . . . 56.3 485.5 − 463.3 51.8 22.2 6.3 48.8 9.4 18.5 43.1 45.1
North Carolina . . . 55.4 222.4 − 203.5 52.5 18.9 2.0 15.1 4.9 16.4 17.5 26.1
North Dakota . . . . 8.4 14.4 − 14.4 8.1 − 0.5 0.9 1.3 0.6 1.0 −
Ohio . . . . . . . . . . 70.2 260.8 − 255.3 67.6 5.5 3.0 24.2 3.6 18.3 10.9 12.2
Oklahoma . . . . . . 29.7 94.0 − 93.6 27.7 0.4 6.2 0.3 6.1 1.7 2.6 9.2
Oregon . . . . . . . . 19.5 70.8 − 62.6 18.6 8.2 5.5 1.0 2.6 4.4 4.7 2.3
Pennsylvania . . . . 61.1 247.3 − 237.8 56.8 9.5 12.4 20.3 1.8 5.4 12.2 −
Rhode Island . . . . 6.7 20.7 0.6 20.7 5.5 − 1.6 0.1 1.2 0.1 1.1 −
South Carolina . . . 32.1 100.0 − 100.0 29.4 − 4.1 0.3 6.4 2.1 7.7 19.2
South Dakota . . . . 5.5 21.1 − 20.7 5.1 0.4 1.1 0.3 0.7 0.4 1.0 0.5
Tennessee . . . . . . 35.8 129.6 − 129.6 33.6 − 6.5 2.2 3.8 4.2 7.7 22.3
Texas . . . . . . . . . 107.1 681.6 − 641.6 102.3 39.9 22.2 3.2 12.7 22.4 30.6 47.3
Utah . . . . . . . . . . 25.5 48.7 − 48.7 24.3 − 3.3 0.5 2.1 1.3 5.7 0.5
Vermont . . . . . . . 5.3 20.0 − 20.0 4.7 − 1.3 − 0.7 0.1 0.2 −
Virginia . . . . . . . . 54.5 193.8 − 192.5 51.6 1.4 2.4 9.4 5.4 5.9 12.9 3.4
Washington . . . . . 53.7 98.8 − 98.8 51.7 − 9.4 1.9 5.2 4.6 9.7 13.2
West Virginia . . . . 12.6 40.6 − 40.6 11.2 − 3.4 − 0.8 1.4 1.7 2.3
Wisconsin . . . . . . 34.3 132.5 − 123.1 33.3 9.4 1.4 13.2 1.8 6.1 3.5 1.1
Wyoming . . . . . . . 3.9 18.7 − 16.7 3.6 2.0 0.7 − 0.7 0.4 0.8 5.3
See footnotes at end of table.
Alabama . . . . . . . . . 4.4 7.0 1.4 12.3 (X) 4.9 4.9 3.1 0.6 3.3 6.6 8.2
Alaska . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 0.6 0.4 1.2 (X) 0.8 1.7 0.1 0.1 0.5 3.0 1.9
Arizona. . . . . . . . . . 2.9 5.8 2.0 18.6 (X) 7.5 9.7 5.4 0.4 7.3 6.7 20.1
Arkansas . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.9 1.2 7.3 (X) 2.7 4.9 2.0 0.8 1.0 3.9 6.4
California . . . . . . . . 20.3 20.9 12.6 88.4 (X) 33.4 50.5 31.9 3.3 36.0 29.9 99.0
Colorado. . . ...... 3.1 6.2 1.2 12.7 (X) 5.6 6.6 3.9 0.3 5.8 6.3 12.3
Connecticut . ...... 3.0 3.3 2.1 8.9 (X) 4.7 7.8 − 0.2 2.4 8.3 4.3
Delaware . . ...... 1.9 0.5 1.0 1.6 (X) 0.2 2.8 − 0.3 0.3 2.7 1.3
District of
Columbia . ...... (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)
Florida . . . . ...... 7.5 15.4 4.5 60.4 (X) 27.3 28.8 15.2 1.4 20.6 29.4 44.4
Georgia . . . ...... 5.9 7.9 2.0 23.8 (X) 10.8 19.7 9.2 2.6 6.3 8.9 22.6
Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 0.8 − 3.7 (X) 1.8 2.3 − 0.2 2.0 3.8 2.7
Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 1.5 0.5 3.4 (X) 1.3 1.9 1.2 0.2 0.7 2.0 3.9
Illinois . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 12.1 3.9 43.9 (X) 16.4 13.6 10.4 0.6 14.6 10.9 30.9
Indiana . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 6.2 1.9 15.5 (X) 7.3 7.4 6.0 0.2 3.6 4.7 17.5
Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 6.9 0.9 6.8 (X) 1.9 3.2 1.3 0.1 2.2 4.3 6.9
Kansas. . . . . . . . . . 3.5 5.7 1.1 8.3 (X) 3.2 3.8 2.7 0.6 2.5 4.7 7.7
Kentucky . . . . . . . . 4.9 3.5 2.4 8.9 (X) 4.3 4.1 4.3 1.6 1.7 9.1 6.5
Louisiana . . . . . . . . 4.9 5.2 1.7 15.0 (X) 4.7 7.3 5.8 0.9 3.2 6.2 12.3
Maine. . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 1.7 0.6 2.5 (X) 2.1 1.3 0.8 − 0.8 2.7 3.7
Maryland . . . . . . . . 4.7 4.6 2.5 14.5 (X) 6.3 11.8 3.3 0.4 7.5 9.9 8.7
Massachusetts. . . . . 3.8 6.9 5.9 18.1 (X) 13.1 6.5 2.9 0.5 2.2 16.1 10.3
Michigan. . . . . . . . . 2.9 10.1 2.8 20.8 (X) 7.6 17.3 5.6 0.3 4.9 7.7 26.6
Minnesota . . . . . . . . 4.6 7.4 1.0 10.0 (X) 2.5 4.0 5.3 0.6 4.5 7.0 13.5
Mississippi . . . . . . . 3.3 5.0 1.2 7.7 (X) 3.4 3.5 2.0 0.4 1.2 2.2 7.0
Missouri . . . . . . . . . 6.8 7.2 2.4 15.9 (X) 6.6 12.6 3.3 0.7 4.4 7.6 12.6
Montana . . . . . . . . . 2.2 1.3 0.4 2.1 (X) 0.6 1.2 0.6 0.1 0.4 1.8 2.6
Nebraska . . . . . . . . 2.1 3.4 0.7 4.3 (X) 1.4 2.8 1.2 0.3 1.0 1.6 5.1
Nevada . . . . . . . . . 1.7 1.2 0.8 6.3 (X) 2.5 3.5 2.5 0.2 3.5 3.0 6.2
New Hampshire . . . . 1.8 1.6 0.4 3.4 (X) 1.9 1.4 0.6 0.2 0.5 2.2 2.1
New Jersey . . . . . . . 7.4 11.8 4.6 32.6 (X) 8.8 10.2 6.6 2.1 5.8 23.1 22.5
New Mexico . . . . . . 2.6 1.7 0.8 5.2 (X) 2.2 4.0 1.9 0.8 2.0 5.0 4.3
New York . . . . . . . . 12.3 29.0 6.4 84.1 (X) 24.1 33.9 25.5 2.6 12.1 37.2 39.3
North Carolina . . . . . 11.0 4.3 3.4 22.3 (X) 8.1 20.9 5.0 1.2 5.0 11.0 13.5
North Dakota . . . . . . 1.1 1.1 0.2 1.2 (X) 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.7 1.4 1.4
Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 14.4 2.7 29.8 (X) 17.7 16.2 8.8 0.7 9.4 11.7 34.9
Oklahoma . . . . . . . . 2.9 5.8 1.9 9.7 (X) 4.5 5.7 0.9 0.7 2.2 5.2 7.0
Oregon. . . . . . . . . . 3.4 4.2 1.2 7.6 (X) 3.8 5.0 3.8 0.5 2.8 8.2 7.5
Pennsylvania . . . . . . 13.5 10.7 6.2 25.9 (X) 6.2 17.5 12.6 1.4 3.3 14.6 31.1
Rhode Island . . . . . . 0.8 0.7 0.3 2.8 (X) 2.1 1.7 − 0.1 0.5 3.0 1.2
South Carolina. . . . . 4.7 2.5 2.0 11.0 (X) 5.1 7.6 3.0 0.6 3.2 4.6 9.4
South Dakota . . . . . 1.0 1.5 0.3 1.6 (X) 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.1 0.4 1.4 1.8
Tennessee . . . . . . . 4.4 6.9 2.0 15.7 (X) 6.8 7.3 6.8 1.2 3.5 6.5 13.0
Texas . . . . . . . . . . . 15.8 22.0 4.1 59.0 (X) 23.7 47.5 24.1 1.1 15.5 17.6 47.4
Utah . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 1.8 0.9 4.9 (X) 1.7 3.3 1.9 0.3 2.6 3.5 5.2
Vermont . . . . . . . . . 1.0 1.1 0.6 0.9 (X) 0.4 1.2 − 0.1 0.2 1.9 1.4
Virginia. . . . . . . . . . 9.5 3.6 3.0 18.1 (X) 8.8 14.3 7.2 0.9 7.5 8.8 17.8
Washington . . . . . . . 7.2 7.3 2.2 12.6 (X) 7.9 9.0 4.7 0.6 6.2 6.1 16.7
West Virginia . . . . . . 5.0 1.0 1.0 2.7 (X) 1.0 3.2 0.3 0.6 0.8 3.5 3.8
Wisconsin . . . . . . . . 1.7 10.0 0.9 14.8 (X) 4.6 9.6 3.6 0.2 3.0 5.6 12.9
Wyoming . . . . . . . . 1.8 0.8 0.3 1.7 (X) 0.4 1.0 0.6 0.1 0.7 1.3 1.7
1
− Represents or rounds to zero. X Not applicable. Includes other categories not shown separately.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau; ‘‘Public Employment and Payroll Data.’’ See also <http://www.census.gov/govs/www/apes.html>;
(accessed May 2008).
Alabama . . . . . . . . . . 80 85 85 182 188 187 2,841 3,572 3,681 2,431 2,728 2,903
Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . 23 25 25 25 27 27 3,842 4,234 4,398 3,818 4,141 4,193
Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . 65 69 67 182 213 218 3,055 3,541 3,788 2,942 3,684 3,835
Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . 49 54 58 96 106 104 2,842 3,335 3,138 2,175 2,570 2,724
California. . . . . . . . . . 355 387 394 1,322 1,384 1,425 4,451 5,319 5,497 4,062 4,927 5,065
Colorado . . . . . . . . . . 66 66 67 164 184 188 3,779 4,562 4,693 3,076 3,727 3,806
Connecticut . . . . . . . . 66 60 62 111 125 126 3,909 4,927 5,063 3,856 4,504 4,542
Delaware. . . . . . . . . . 24 25 26 21 23 24 3,222 3,869 3,946 3,163 3,815 4,147
District of Columbia . . . (X) (X) (X) 45 46 47 (X) (X) (X) 3,923 4,775 4,992
Florida . . . . . . . . . . . 185 186 191 580 657 676 3,149 3,407 3,519 2,865 3,476 3,608
Georgia . . . . . . . . . . 120 121 124 334 378 381 2,899 3,396 3,492 2,677 3,076 3,217
Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . 119 120 123 269 298 308 3,229 3,688 3,836 2,928 3,368 3,537
Washington . . . . . . . . 112 117 117 193 213 216 3,551 4,086 4,206 3,835 4,472 4,619
West Virginia . . . . . . . 32 38 37 61 61 60 2,694 3,049 3,092 2,517 2,752 2,792
Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . 64 70 68 220 224 220 3,710 4,321 4,465 3,210 3,771 3,841
Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . 11 12 13 29 32 33 2,589 3,389 3,481 2,660 3,182 3,279
1 2
X Not applicable. Estimates subject to sampling variation; see Appendix III and source. For full-time employees.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau; 2006 Annual Survey of Government Employment; <http://www.census.gov/govs/www/apesstl
.html>; (accessed May 2008).
Average monthly
Total Full-time Payroll earnings
Cities ranked by employment equivalent (mil. dol.) for full-time
2005 population 1 (1,000) employment employees
(dol.)
2000 2005 2006 2000 2006 2000 2005 2006 2000 2006
New York, NY . . . . . . . . . 458.1 443.4 446.4 429.3 416.6 1,708.8 1,958.4 2,006.9 4,150 4,957
Los Angeles, CA. . . . . . . . 49.4 53.5 53.8 48.4 52.1 230.1 303.6 319.7 4,793 6,161
Chicago, IL . . . . . . . . . . . 41.3 42.6 42.6 40.7 42.1 171.3 171.3 178.3 4,239 4,268
Houston, TX . . . . . . . . . . 25.2 21.9 21.3 24.9 20.9 75.2 73.6 75.6 3,037 3,633
Philadelphia, PA . . . . . . . . 31.1 31.4 30.9 30.0 30.0 109.2 127.4 131.4 3,637 4,390
Phoenix, AZ . . . . . . . . . . . 13.0 14.3 15.0 12.7 14.7 50.3 67.1 71.3 4,024 4,951
San Antonio, TX . . . . . . . . 16.9 17.3 17.4 15.7 16.2 48.0 61.8 61.3 3,160 3,877
San Diego, CA . . . . . . . . . 12.3 11.7 11.5 11.4 10.9 46.9 57.7 56.4 4,201 5,290
Dallas, TX . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.6 14.8 14.8 15.2 14.4 50.4 61.7 62.8 3,332 4,416
San Jose, CA. . . . . . . . . . 7.6 9.4 7.3 6.9 6.5 36.3 52.4 44.5 5,569 7,213
Honolulu, HI. . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 9.7 9.8 9.1 9.1 30.9 36.7 38.5 3,435 4,318
Detroit, MI . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.7 37.4 14.9 36.1 14.7 132.1 142.9 54.5 3,693 3,731
Indianapolis, IN . . . . . . . . 12.4 17.1 17.6 12.0 16.1 36.7 53.9 57.6 3,115 3,536
Jacksonville, FL . . . . . . . . 10.1 11.4 10.1 9.7 9.8 35.6 45.6 42.0 3,815 4,377
San Francisco, CA . . . . . . 27.7 29.2 27.7 27.7 27.7 141.6 191.3 184.4 5,112 6,659
Columbus, OH . . . . . . . . . 9.1 8.4 8.5 8.8 8.2 30.1 35.1 36.3 3,478 4,479
Louisville, KY . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 8.4 8.3 4.3 7.7 11.8 25.9 26.7 2,844 3,476
Austin, TX . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6 12.4 12.4 10.1 12.0 31.2 47.8 51.3 3,128 4,327
Memphis, TN . . . . . . . . . . 28.2 28.9 27.8 26.9 25.5 80.3 90.4 92.3 3,024 3,736
Boston, MA . . . . . . . . . . . 23.3 22.4 23.1 22.0 21.1 80.2 97.0 100.2 3,734 4,801
Baltimore, MD . . . . . . . . . 30.8 27.2 28.3 29.2 26.5 95.3 102.5 108.2 3,361 4,163
Ft. Worth, TX . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 6.4 6.6 5.7 6.2 18.9 24.1 26.0 3,394 4,351
Charlotte, NC . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 6.0 6.3 5.1 6.1 17.1 23.4 25.2 3,408 4,148
El Paso, TX . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 5.7 5.9 5.8 5.7 15.6 16.4 18.0 2,701 3,189
Milwaukee, WI . . . . . . . . . 7.9 8.0 8.0 7.7 7.9 28.5 31.9 32.9 3,706 4,158
Nashville, TN . . . . . . . . . . 20.6 22.2 22.3 19.6 21.2 62.3 76.3 79.2 3,235 3,808
Seattle, WA . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 12.8 14.3 10.3 12.3 48.3 57.1 62.8 4,726 5,239
Denver, CO . . . . . . . . . . . 14.5 12.4 13.4 13.7 12.7 47.3 53.0 56.8 3,534 4,474
Washington, DC . . . . . . . . 37.7 37.6 37.5 36.5 36.2 139.4 164.6 173.8 3,863 4,972
Las Vegas, NV . . . . . . . . . 2.6 3.0 3.1 2.5 2.9 11.2 16.6 17.7 4,681 6,215
Portland, OR . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 6.2 6.3 5.4 5.4 23.4 27.5 28.5 4,416 5,367
Oklahoma City, OK . . . . . . 5.1 4.9 5.0 4.8 4.6 16.0 19.5 20.6 3,457 4,767
Tucson, AZ . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 6.8 6.6 5.8 6.1 16.0 24.1 26.0 2,787 4,559
Albuquerque, NM . . . . . . . 7.1 6.9 7.2 6.6 6.9 18.3 21.5 24.3 2,868 3,677
Long Beach, CA . . . . . . . . 6.1 6.0 6.1 5.7 5.5 25.7 27.6 28.3 4,855 5,316
Atlanta, GA . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 8.0 8.0 8.6 7.8 25.6 29.1 29.6 2,974 3,823
Fresno, CA . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 4.0 4.1 3.1 4.0 12.7 17.5 18.9 4,073 5,016
Sacramento, CA . . . . . . . . 4.4 5.1 5.3 4.0 4.6 17.0 23.3 26.3 4,400 6,228
New Orleans, LA . . . . . . . 10.5 10.0 9.8 10.1 9.5 24.4 25.3 26.6 2,446 2,797
Cleveland, OH . . . . . . . . . 10.1 7.9 7.8 9.4 7.7 27.8 30.1 30.7 2,989 3,993
Kansas, MO . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 21.3 25.1 26.3 3,246 3,997
Mesa, AZ . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 4.3 4.5 3.3 4.3 13.4 19.8 21.2 4,072 5,085
Virginia Beach, VA . . . . . . 19.7 21.8 19.4 17.4 17.8 43.4 55.5 57.6 2,679 3,485
Omaha, NE . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 3.0 3.1 2.9 2.7 10.6 12.7 12.7 3,874 4,772
Baton Rouge, LA . . . . . . . 7.1 7.1 7.0 6.0 6.2 14.7 18.9 19.3 2,653 3,210
Oakland, CA . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 5.5 5.8 4.2 5.7 24.8 41.0 44.4 5,861 7,726
Miami, FL . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.7 4.1 3.6 4.0 15.1 17.3 19.9 4,276 5,050
Tulsa, OK . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.2 13.7 14.9 15.8 3,126 3,762
Minneapolis, MN. . . . . . . . 6.3 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.5 21.3 24.0 25.3 3,866 4,675
Colorado Springs, CO . . . . 7.4 7.7 8.3 6.9 7.8 25.3 31.2 33.5 3,747 4,296
Arlington, TX . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 2.7 2.3 2.4 2.2 7.1 9.6 8.1 3,090 3,797
Wichita, KS . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 4.0 4.1 3.1 3.3 9.3 11.3 12.1 3,072 3,729
St. Louis, MO. . . . . . . . . . 8.0 6.9 6.7 7.6 6.5 24.1 23.7 24.0 3,176 3,717
Raleigh, NC . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 3.8 4.8 2.9 4.3 8.9 11.8 13.3 3,114 3,230
Santa Ana, CA . . . . . . . . . 2.5 2.5 2.1 2.2 1.9 10.1 13.4 12.6 5,606 7,099
Anaheim, CA . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 3.5 3.6 2.5 2.5 11.5 15.7 16.8 5,267 6,996
Tampa, FL . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 4.7 4.7 4.2 4.6 14.1 18.1 19.1 3,370 4,183
Pittsburgh, PA . . . . . . . . . 4.4 3.6 3.3 4.3 3.3 15.3 15.3 14.8 3,593 4,583
Cincinnati, OH . . . . . . . . . 6.5 6.3 6.3 6.4 5.9 21.3 26.1 26.7 3,504 4,659
Toledo, OH . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.9 10.0 12.6 12.9 3,628 4,456
Aurora, CO . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.7 9.0 12.0 12.4 3,682 4,675
Bakersfield, CA . . . . . . . . 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.4 5.3 6.8 7.1 4,469 5,142
Riverside, CA. . . . . . . . . . 2.1 2.4 2.4 1.9 2.1 8.0 11.3 11.5 4,625 5,633
Stockton, CA . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.8 7.1 9.4 9.6 4,054 5,419
Corpus Christi, TX . . . . . . 3.5 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.0 8.6 10.1 10.6 2,675 3,498
Newark, NJ . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 6.9 7.4 5.2 6.2 22.3 30.6 32.7 4,371 5,411
Buffalo, NY . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 11.9 10.7 10.5 9.7 43.4 47.8 43.8 4,457 4,710
St. Paul, MN . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 2.9 13.3 13.5 14.8 4,189 5,194
Anchorage, AK . . . . . . . . . 10.1 10.9 10.9 9.0 9.8 34.6 41.7 42.9 3,973 4,529
Lexington, KY . . . . . . . . . 4.0 4.3 4.3 3.6 4.0 10.2 13.1 13.8 2,910 3,532
Plano, TX . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 2.4 2.4 1.8 2.2 6.4 9.0 9.5 3,702 4,556
St. Petersburg, FL . . . . . . 3.2 3.9 4.3 3.0 3.8 9.9 12.9 14.9 3,366 4,113
Jersey City, NJ . . . . . . . . . 4.1 3.8 4.1 3.7 3.7 15.3 17.2 18.3 4,323 5,329
Glendale, AZ . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 2.2 2.3 1.4 2.1 4.7 8.6 9.2 3,275 4,670
Lincoln, NE . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.8 8.2 11.2 11.9 3,382 4,474
Chandler, AZ . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.2 1.5 3.9 7.0 7.6 3,204 5,069
1
2005 based on estimated resident population as of July 1.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006 Annual Survey of Government Employment; see also <http://www.census.gov/govs/www
/apesstl.html> (accessed March 2007).
Average monthly
Total Full-time Payroll earnings
Counties ranked by employment equivalent (mil. dol.) for full-time
2005 population 1 (1,000) employment employees
(dol.)
2000 2005 2006 2000 2006 2000 2005 2006 2000 2006
Los Angeles, CA . . . . . . 98.8 99.5 101.3 94.2 97.6 396.7 475.0 499.3 4,274 5,186
Cook, IL . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.9 27.8 26.4 28.9 26.4 99.3 126.3 123.9 3,445 4,697
Harris, TX . . . . . . . . . . . 19.8 21.7 21.9 19.4 21.0 59.5 77.4 81.7 3,063 3,900
Maricopa, AZ . . . . . . . . . 15.3 16.4 13.5 15.0 13.3 43.7 54.9 51.1 2,934 3,845
Orange, CA. . . . . . . . . . 24.3 25.0 25.6 22.5 23.8 81.4 104.9 113.1 3,623 4,745
San Diego, CA. . . . . . . . 19.5 19.7 20.6 18.2 19.3 66.3 83.9 93.0 3,651 4,843
Dade, FL . . . . . . . . . . . 36.0 43.8 45.2 35.1 43.8 130.3 190.8 205.4 3,817 4,804
Dallas, TX. . . . . . . . . . . 12.5 15.2 15.7 12.0 14.7 36.4 54.5 59.6 3,055 4,047
Wayne, MI . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 5.8 5.7 6.7 5.6 25.8 25.1 25.1 3,914 4,556
San Bernardino, CA . . . . 20.6 19.9 20.5 18.8 19.2 67.6 84.0 90.9 3,664 4,795
Riverside, CA . . . . . . . . 16.6 20.1 21.1 15.4 19.8 54.2 90.6 100.4 3,534 5,038
King, WA . . . . . . . . . . . 15.8 14.5 14.5 14.2 13.7 52.1 64.6 68.5 3,812 5,145
Broward, FL . . . . . . . . . 11.0 12.9 12.8 10.8 12.5 37.0 48.4 50.8 3,437 4,131
Clark, NV . . . . . . . . . . . 16.6 19.1 18.8 15.2 17.1 60.3 88.4 94.2 4,169 5,557
Santa Clara, CA. . . . . . . 14.9 18.0 18.5 14.3 17.8 65.3 100.4 110.2 4,655 6,261
Tarrant, TX . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 9.4 9.8 6.8 9.7 19.0 34.4 36.5 2,811 3,800
Bexar, TX . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 10.1 10.4 9.1 9.9 23.6 27.9 29.7 2,619 2,952
Suffolk, NY . . . . . . . . . . 12.9 14.2 15.4 11.3 14.0 51.9 68.2 76.0 4,686 5,479
Alameda, CA . . . . . . . . . 12.1 11.3 11.6 11.1 11.0 51.1 60.9 65.7 4,619 6,037
Sacramento, CA. . . . . . . 13.3 14.9 16.6 12.6 16.0 50.3 71.0 86.5 4,094 5,442
Cuyahoga, OH. . . . . . . . 16.1 15.7 15.8 16.1 15.3 49.2 57.1 60.1 3,065 3,850
Nassau, NY. . . . . . . . . . 18.9 16.8 18.3 16.9 16.1 71.3 76.6 85.8 4,295 5,508
Palm Beach, FL . . . . . . . 8.6 10.5 10.8 8.5 10.3 27.0 40.4 43.5 3,200 4,268
Allegheny, PA . . . . . . . . 7.0 6.8 7.1 6.8 7.0 17.6 20.2 22.2 2,605 3,210
Oakland, MI . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.6 4.8 4.3 4.5 15.6 18.9 19.5 3,697 4,450
Hillsborough, FL. . . . . . . 16.2 13.9 14.2 12.2 11.3 34.4 39.1 43.0 2,993 4,114
Hennepin, MN . . . . . . . . 13.0 11.4 11.1 11.0 10.2 41.5 49.3 46.1 3,815 4,554
Franklin, OH . . . . . . . . . 6.6 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.3 19.2 21.7 21.8 2,962 3,522
Orange, FL . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 10.5 10.9 9.3 9.9 28.0 35.7 39.4 3,092 4,022
Contra Costa, CA . . . . . . 10.7 10.0 10.2 9.5 9.0 44.7 41.6 44.7 4,779 4,989
Fairfax, VA . . . . . . . . . . 35.3 44.7 51.4 32.3 43.5 117.5 165.4 191.5 3,746 4,451
St. Louis, MO . . . . . . . . 4.2 3.9 3.9 4.1 3.8 12.9 14.0 14.5 3,215 3,832
Salt Lake, UT . . . . . . . . 5.8 5.9 5.8 4.5 4.3 13.4 13.9 14.4 3,252 3,659
Westchester, NY . . . . . . 6.9 7.3 7.5 6.3 6.6 26.6 29.8 32.1 4,240 4,770
Erie, NY . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9 11.3 11.4 9.8 10.3 33.4 37.4 38.7 3,578 3,934
Du Page, IL . . . . . . . . . 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.3 11.8 14.1 14.7 3,360 4,415
Pinellas, FL . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 6.6 6.9 6.1 6.7 18.5 25.7 28.0 3,039 4,179
Montgomery, MD . . . . . . 37.4 40.6 43.3 28.8 33.9 123.1 175.3 191.7 4,619 5,750
Pima, AZ . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 7.2 7.4 7.2 6.9 20.0 22.5 24.8 2,859 3,726
Milwaukee, WI . . . . . . . . 8.5 9.3 7.1 8.1 6.5 26.5 35.7 25.2 3,314 3,990
Fulton, GA . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 7.6 7.9 7.7 7.6 25.0 29.2 31.0 3,356 4,229
Shelby, TN . . . . . . . . . . 13.1 14.2 14.9 12.4 14.3 35.1 45.4 49.7 2,842 3,487
Bergen, NJ . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 5.7 5.9 4.1 5.0 13.0 23.7 24.4 3,178 5,027
Travis, TX . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 4.6 4.7 3.5 4.7 10.6 15.7 17.1 3,057 3,658
Fresno, CA . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 9.2 9.3 8.2 8.6 26.0 32.9 33.4 3,293 3,891
Prince Georges, MD . . . . 29.4 32.2 34.2 26.3 30.0 90.8 112.1 120.6 3,564 4,297
Macomb, MI . . . . . . . . . 3.0 3.2 3.3 2.8 3.1 8.9 12.0 12.5 3,333 4,192
Hamilton, OH. . . . . . . . . 5.9 6.1 6.1 5.7 5.9 15.3 20.5 21.2 2,679 3,540
Mecklenburg, NC . . . . . . 23.8 27.1 29.2 21.1 26.0 58.2 82.1 89.4 2,834 3,512
Ventura, CA . . . . . . . . . 8.6 8.6 8.8 8.3 8.4 31.5 43.2 47.3 3,829 5,731
Essex, NJ . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 5.0 5.2 5.0 4.7 19.3 21.0 22.2 4,048 4,875
Middlesex, NJ . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.0 3.8 14.4 16.6 16.5 3,881 4,596
Baltimore, MD . . . . . . . . 23.3 27.5 29.6 20.7 24.5 63.8 92.9 101.0 3,227 4,285
Montgomery, PA. . . . . . . 3.5 4.1 4.1 3.4 3.7 9.2 12.4 13.0 2,783 3,420
Kern, CA . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 10.3 10.9 8.6 10.1 30.3 40.7 40.6 3,504 4,011
Pierce, WA . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.2 3.5 13.0 16.6 17.3 4,216 5,030
Wake, NC . . . . . . . . . . . 17.8 21.0 23.6 15.8 20.7 44.7 65.3 69.1 2,876 3,319
Monroe, NY. . . . . . . . . . 7.0 6.9 6.9 5.9 6.0 20.4 22.8 23.5 3,430 4,027
Gwinnett, GA. . . . . . . . . 3.8 4.5 4.7 3.5 4.5 11.4 16.7 17.8 3,243 3,989
El Paso, TX. . . . . . . . . . 4.0 4.7 4.6 4.0 4.4 10.4 15.3 15.6 2,685 3,577
Lake, IL . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 3.3 3.3 2.9 3.0 9.6 13.0 13.6 3,277 4,489
San Mateo, CA . . . . . . . 6.2 7.2 7.3 5.8 6.9 24.6 35.5 37.3 4,415 5,951
Oklahoma City, OK . . . . . 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.3 4.4 5.7 6.1 1,860 2,663
Hidalgo, TX . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 2.2 2.5 1.9 2.5 4.0 5.6 6.7 2,174 2,702
Dekalb, GA . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 7.1 7.4 6.2 7.2 19.5 25.1 27.6 3,170 3,853
Multnomah, OR . . . . . . . 6.0 5.0 4.9 5.2 4.5 15.0 16.6 19.5 3,050 4,348
San Joaquin, CA . . . . . . 7.4 7.7 7.9 6.8 7.0 22.6 30.4 32.1 3,509 4,607
Cobb, GA . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.7 4.8 3.8 4.4 11.9 16.2 17.1 3,353 4,030
Jackson, MO . . . . . . . . . 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9 5.0 5.8 6.0 2,519 3,078
Collin, TX . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 1.4 1.7 1.1 1.7 2.8 5.0 6.2 2,557 3,674
Jefferson, AL . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.5 4.3 4.7 4.3 14.7 16.9 17.2 3,122 4,020
Snohomish, WA . . . . . . . 2.4 3.2 2.8 2.4 2.8 9.3 13.5 13.3 3,906 4,794
Norfolk, MA . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.6 2.0 2.2 2,977 4,654
1
2005 based on estimated resident population as of July 1.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006 Annual Survey of Government Employment; see also <http://www.census.gov/govs/www
/apesstl.html> (accessed March 2007).
This section presents statistics relating to insurance and the federal disability insur-
the financial structure and the civilian ance trust funds) off-budget. Though
employment of the federal government. social security is now off-budget and, by
The fiscal data cover taxes, other law, excluded from coverage of the con-
receipts, outlays, and debt. The principal gressional budget resolutions, it contin-
sources of fiscal data are the Budget of ues to be a federal program.
the United States Government and related
documents, published annually by the Receipts arising from the government’s
Office of Management and Budget (OMB), sovereign powers are reported as govern-
and the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s mental receipts; all other receipts; i.e.,
United States Government Annual Report from business-type or market-oriented
and its Appendix. Detailed data on tax activities, are offset against outlays. Out-
returns and collections are published lays are reported on a checks-issued (net)
annually by the Internal Revenue Service. basis (i.e., outlays are recorded at the
The personnel data relate to staffing and time the checks to pay bills are issued).
payrolls. They are published by the Office
of Personnel Management and the Bureau Debt concept—For most of U.S. history,
of Labor Statistics. Data on federally the total debt consisted of debt borrowed
owned land and real property are col- by the Treasury (i.e., public debt). The
lected by the General Services Administra- present debt series includes both public
tion and presented in its annual ‘‘Federal debt and agency debt. The gross federal
Real Property Report.’’ debt includes money borrowed by the
Treasury and by various federal agencies;
Budget concept—Under the unified bud- it is the broadest generally used measure
get concept, all federal monies are of the federal debt. Total public debt is
included in one comprehensive budget. covered by a statutory debt limitation and
These monies comprise both federal includes only borrowing by the Treasury.
funds and trust funds. Federal funds are
derived mainly from taxes and borrowing Treasury receipts and outlays—All
and are not restricted by law to any spe- receipts of the government, with a few
cific government purpose. Trust funds, exceptions, are deposited to the credit of
such as the Unemployment Trust Fund, the U.S. Treasury regardless of ultimate
collect certain taxes and other receipts for disposition. Under the Constitution, no
use in carrying out specific purposes or money may be withdrawn from the Trea-
programs in accordance with the terms of sury unless appropriated by the Congress.
the trust agreement or statute. Fund bal-
ances include both cash balances with the The day-to-day cash operations of the fed-
Treasury and investments in U.S. securi- eral government clearing through the
ties. Part of the balance is obligated, part accounts of the U.S. Treasury are reported
unobligated. Prior to 1985, the budget in the Daily Treasury Statement. Exten-
totals, under provisions of law, excluded sive detail on the public debt is published
some federal activities—including the in the Monthly Statement of the Public
Federal Financing Bank, the Postal Service, Debt of the United States.
the Synthetic Fuels Corporation, and the
lending activities of the Rural Electrifica- Budget receipts such as taxes, customs
tion Administration. The Balanced Budget duties, and miscellaneous receipts, which
and Emergency Deficit Control Act of are collected by government agencies,
1985 (P.L.99-177) repealed the off-budget and outlays represented by checks issued
status of these entities and placed social and cash payments made by disbursing
security (federal old-age and survivors officers as well as government agencies
Deficit
Surplus
2.0
Deficit
Outlays
1.5
Receipts
1.0
0.5
0.0
1980 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 2000 '02 '04 '06 2008 est.
Percent
80
60
50
40
30
Outlays
20
10
1980 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 2000 '02 '04 '06 2008 est.
Source: Charts prepared by U.S. Census Bureau. For data, see Table 451 & 452.
2008,
Type Unit 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 est.
Current dollar outlays . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol.. . 1,253.1 1,789.2 2,293.0 2,472.2 2,655.4 2,730.2 2,931.2
National defense 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . 299.3 294.4 455.8 495.3 521.8 552.6 607.3
Nondefense, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . 953.8 1,494.8 1,837.2 1,976.9 2,133.6 2,177.7 2,324.0
Payments for individuals . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . 585.7 1,054.5 1,397.4 1,490.0 1,591.8 1,689.3 1,796.1
Direct payments 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . 507.0 867.7 1,131.2 1,211.9 1,315.0 1,400.9 1,491.8
Grants to state and local governments . Bil. dol. . . 78.7 186.8 266.2 278.1 276.8 288.4 304.3
All other grants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . 56.4 99.1 141.3 149.9 157.3 155.4 162.2
Net Interest 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . 184.3 222.9 160.2 184.0 226.6 237.1 243.9
All other 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . 164.0 160.9 196.8 218.2 226.2 178.1 209.4
Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . −36.6 −42.6 −58.5 −65.2 −68.3 −82.2 −87.7
Constant (2000) dollar outlays . . . Bil. dol.. . 1,589.9 1,789.2 2,081.9 2,165.0 2,249.2 2,263.1 2,365.6
National defense 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . 382.7 294.4 394.3 407.3 412.4 426.4 463.9
Nondefense, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . 1,207.0 1,494.8 1,687.6 1,757.7 1,836.8 1,836.9 1,901.6
Payments for individuals . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . 732.5 1,054.5 1,291.8 1,338.0 1,386.7 1,439.8 1,483.5
Direct payments 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . 634.0 867.7 1,045.7 1,088.5 1,145.7 1,194.3 1,232.6
Grants to state and local governments . Bil. dol. . . 98.4 186.8 246.0 249.6 240.9 245.5 251.0
All other grants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . 73.3 99.1 124.5 124.4 123.4 116.5 116.8
Net interest 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . 226.9 222.9 146.7 163.3 194.6 198.3 200.2
All other 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . 228.0 160.9 174.2 184.7 185.1 144.3 166.1
Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . −53.5 −42.6 −49.6 −52.7 −53.0 −62.2 −65.1
Outlays as percent of GDP 3 . . . . . Percent. . 21.8 18.4 19.9 20.2 20.4 20.0 20.5
National defense 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent . . 5.2 3.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.2
Nondefense, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent . . 16.6 15.4 16.0 16.2 16.4 15.9 16.2
Payments for individuals . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent . . 10.2 10.9 12.2 12.2 12.2 12.4 12.6
Direct payments 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent . . 8.8 8.9 9.8 9.9 10.1 10.3 10.4
Grants to state and local governments . . . Percent . . 1.4 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1
All other grants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent . . 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1
Net interest 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent . . 3.2 2.3 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.7
All other 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent . . 2.9 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.3 1.5
Undistributed offsetting receipts 2 . . . . . . Percent . . −0.6 −0.4 −0.5 −0.5 −0.5 −0.6 −0.6
1
Includes a small amount of grants to state and local governments and direct payments for individuals. 2 Includes some
3
off-budget amounts; most of the off-budget amounts are direct payments for individuals (social security benefits). Gross
domestic product; see text, Section 13.
Source: U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the United States Government, Historical Tables, annual. See
Internet site <http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2009/>.
2008,
Department or other unit
1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 est.
Outlays, total 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,253.1 1,789.2 2,293.0 2,472.2 2,655.4 2,730.2 2,931.2
Legislative Branch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 2.9 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.6
The Judiciary Branch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 4.1 5.4 5.5 5.8 6.0 6.2
Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.9 75.1 71.6 85.3 93.5 84.4 94.8
Commerce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 7.8 5.8 6.1 6.4 6.5 8.2
Defense—Military . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289.7 281.1 437.0 474.4 499.4 529.9 583.1
Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.0 33.5 62.8 72.9 93.4 66.4 68.0
Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1 15.0 19.9 21.3 19.6 20.1 23.2
Health and Human Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175.5 382.3 543.0 581.5 614.3 672.0 709.4
Homeland Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 13.2 26.6 38.7 69.1 39.2 42.3
Housing and Urban Development . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.2 30.8 45.0 42.5 42.4 45.6 52.3
Interior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 8.0 8.6 9.3 9.1 10.5 11.1
Justice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 16.8 29.6 22.4 23.3 23.3 25.0
Labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.1 31.9 56.7 46.9 43.1 47.5 49.7
State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 6.7 10.9 12.7 13.0 13.7 18.9
Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.6 41.6 54.9 56.6 60.1 61.7 68.7
Treasury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253.9 390.5 375.8 410.2 464.7 490.6 520.2
Veterans Affairs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.0 47.1 59.6 69.8 69.8 72.8 86.6
Corps of Engineers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 4.2 4.7 4.7 6.9 3.9 7.2
Other Defense—Civil Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.7 32.9 41.7 43.5 44.4 47.1 49.1
Environmental Protection Agency . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 7.2 8.3 7.9 8.3 8.3 7.5
Executive Office of the President . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.3 3.3 7.7 5.4 3.0 2.1
International Assistance Programs . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1 12.1 13.7 15.0 13.9 12.8 15.2
National Aeronautics and Space Administration. . . 12.4 13.4 15.2 15.6 15.1 15.9 17.3
National Science Foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 3.5 5.1 5.4 5.5 5.5 6.3
Office of Personnel Management . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.9 48.7 56.5 59.5 62.4 58.5 64.2
Social Security Administration (on-budget) . . . . . . 17.3 45.1 49.0 54.6 53.3 54.9 60.0
Social Security Administration (off-budget) . . . . . . 245.0 396.2 481.2 506.8 532.5 566.8 596.5
Undistributed offsetting receipts . . . . . . . . . . . . . −98.9 −173.0 −212.5 −226.2 −237.5 −260.2 −285.6
1
Includes other agencies, not shown separately.
Source: U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the United States Government, Historical Tables, annual. See
Internet site <http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2009/>.
2008,
Superfunction and function 1990 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 est.
Total outlays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,253.1 1,789.2 2,160.1 2,293.0 2,472.2 2,655.4 2,730.2 2,931.2
National defense 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299.3 294.4 404.8 455.8 495.3 521.8 552.6 607.3
Department of Defense—Military. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289.7 281.1 387.2 436.5 474.1 499.3 529.8 583.1
Military personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.6 76.0 106.7 113.6 127.5 127.5 128.8 137.4
Operation and maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.3 105.8 151.4 174.0 188.1 203.8 216.6 225.1
Procurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.0 51.7 67.9 76.2 82.3 89.8 99.6 130.5
Research, development, test, and evaluation . . . . 37.5 37.6 53.1 60.8 65.7 68.6 73.1 74.7
Military construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 5.1 5.9 6.3 5.3 6.2 7.9 10.2
Atomic energy defense activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 12.1 16.0 16.6 18.0 17.5 17.1 17.8
International affairs 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.8 17.2 21.2 26.9 34.6 29.5 28.5 34.8
International development and humanitarian
assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 6.5 10.3 13.8 17.7 16.7 15.5 14.3
International security assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 6.4 8.6 8.4 7.9 7.8 8.0 9.0
Conduct of foreign affairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 4.7 6.7 7.9 9.1 8.6 8.4 12.2
General science, space, and technology . . . . . . . . . . 14.4 18.6 20.9 23.1 23.6 23.6 25.6 27.6
General science and basic research . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 6.2 8.0 8.4 8.9 9.1 10.3 10.9
Space flight, research, and supporting activities. . . . 11.6 12.4 12.9 14.6 14.8 14.5 15.3 16.7
Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 −0.8 −0.7 −0.2 0.4 0.8 −0.9 3.0
Energy supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 −1.8 −2.1 −1.6 −0.9 0.2 −2.0 0.9
Natural resources and environment 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.1 25.0 29.7 30.7 28.0 33.1 31.8 35.5
Water resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 5.1 5.5 5.6 5.7 8.0 5.1 8.7
Conservation and land management . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 6.8 9.7 9.8 6.2 7.8 9.6 9.7
Recreational resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 2.6 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.4
Pollution control and abatement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 7.4 8.2 8.5 8.1 8.6 8.4 7.8
Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 36.5 22.5 15.4 26.6 26.0 17.7 21.0
Farm income stabilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.7 33.4 18.3 11.2 22.0 21.4 13.1 16.3
Agricultural research and services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 3.0 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.7
Commerce and housing credit 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.6 3.2 0.7 5.3 7.6 6.2 0.5 7.4
Mortgage credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 −3.3 −4.6 2.7 −0.9 −0.6 −5.0 0.3
Postal service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 2.1 −5.2 −4.1 −1.2 −1.0 −3.2 −4.6
Deposit insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.9 −3.1 −1.4 −2.0 −1.4 −1.1 −1.5 −1.9
Transportation 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.5 46.9 67.1 64.6 67.9 70.2 72.9 80.3
Ground transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.0 31.7 37.5 40.7 42.3 45.2 46.8 53.1
Air transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 10.6 23.3 16.7 18.8 18.0 18.1 18.1
Water transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 4.4 5.9 6.9 6.4 6.7 7.7 8.5
Community and regional development 1 . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 10.6 18.9 15.8 26.3 54.5 29.6 27.6
Community development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 5.5 6.3 6.2 5.9 5.8 11.8 12.7
Disaster relief and insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 2.6 10.1 7.3 17.7 46.1 15.2 12.0
Education, training, employment, and
social services 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.2 53.8 82.6 88.0 97.6 118.6 91.7 93.4
Elementary, secondary, and vocational education. . . 9.9 20.6 31.5 34.4 38.3 39.7 38.4 39.8
Higher education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 10.1 22.7 25.3 31.4 50.5 24.6 24.5
Research and general education aids . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 2.6 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2
Training and employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 6.8 8.4 7.9 6.9 7.2 7.1 7.1
Social services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 12.6 15.6 15.9 16.3 16.5 16.7 17.2
Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.7 154.5 219.6 240.1 250.6 252.8 266.4 284.5
Health care services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.6 136.2 192.6 210.1 219.6 220.8 233.9 251.8
Health research and training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 16.0 24.0 27.1 28.1 28.8 29.3 29.5
Consumer and occupational health and safety . . . . 1.5 2.3 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.1
Medicare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.1 197.1 249.4 269.4 298.6 329.9 375.4 396.3
Income security 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148.7 253.7 334.6 333.1 345.8 352.5 366.0 388.4
General retirement and disability insurance
(excluding social security) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 5.2 7.0 6.6 7.0 4.6 7.8 7.9
Federal employee retirement and disability . . . . . . . 52.0 77.2 85.2 88.7 93.4 98.3 103.9 109.1
Unemployment compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.9 23.0 57.1 45.0 35.4 33.8 35.1 37.3
Housing assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.9 28.9 35.5 36.8 37.9 38.3 39.7 41.0
Food and nutrition assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.0 32.5 42.5 46.0 50.8 53.9 54.5 60.3
Social security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248.6 409.4 474.7 495.5 523.3 548.5 586.2 615.3
Veterans benefits and services 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.1 47.1 57.0 59.8 70.2 69.8 72.8 86.6
Income security for veterans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.3 24.9 29.1 30.8 35.8 35.8 35.7 42.5
Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation . . . . 0.2 1.3 2.1 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.9
Hospital and medical care for veterans . . . . . . . . . 12.1 19.5 24.1 26.9 28.8 29.9 32.3 37.8
Veterans housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.4 0.5 −2.0 0.9 −1.2 −0.9 −0.4
Administration of justice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 28.5 35.3 45.6 40.0 41.0 41.2 46.2
Federal law enforcement activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 12.1 15.7 19.1 19.9 20.0 19.6 24.9
Federal litigative and judicial activities . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 7.8 9.1 9.7 9.6 10.1 11.0 11.0
Federal correctional activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 3.7 5.4 5.5 5.9 6.2 6.3 6.2
Criminal justice assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 4.9 5.1 11.3 4.6 4.8 4.3 4.1
General government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 13.0 23.2 22.3 17.0 18.2 17.5 19.8
Net interest 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184.3 222.9 153.1 160.2 184.0 226.6 237.1 243.9
Interest on Treasury debt securities (gross). . . . . . . 264.7 361.9 318.1 321.7 352.3 405.9 430.0 459.2
Interest received by on-budget trust funds . . . . . . . −46.3 −69.3 −72.5 −67.8 −69.2 −71.6 −72.0 −83.5
Interest received by off-budget trust funds . . . . . . . −16.0 −59.8 −83.5 −86.2 −91.8 −97.7 −106.0 −114.3
Allowances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . − − − − − − − −
Undistributed offsetting receipts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −36.6 −42.6 −54.4 −58.5 −65.2 −68.3 −82.2 −87.7
1
− Represents or rounds to zero. Includes functions not shown separately.
Source: U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the United States Government, Historical Tables, annual. See
Internet site <http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2009/>.
2008,
Category and Program 1990 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 est.
Total, payments for individuals. . . . . 585.7 1,054.5 1,332.2 1,397.8 1,490.7 1,592.7 1,690.3 1,797.1
Social security and railroad retirement. .... 250.5 410.5 476.8 496.4 523.4 554.5 586.7 615.8
Social security:
Old age and survivors insurance . .... 221.9 351.4 400.2 414.8 434.0 457.7 483.3 506.1
Disability insurance . . . . . . . . . . .... 24.4 54.4 70.0 76.5 84.2 91.2 97.5 103.5
Railroad retirement (excl. social
security) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 4.1 4.6 6.6 5.2 5.3 5.6 5.8 6.2
Unemployment assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.4 21.1 55.0 43.1 33.1 31.9 33.2 35.5
Medical care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 164.3 362.7 478.5 515.4 562.5 606.0 682.5 728.1
Medicare:
Hospital insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.9 127.9 151.3 164.1 182.8 183.9 205.0 226.6
Supplementary medical insurance . . . . 41.5 87.2 121.8 131.8 151.0 191.7 230.1 233.3
State children’s health insurance . . . . . . − 1.2 4.4 4.6 5.1 5.5 6.0 7.6
Medicaid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.1 117.9 160.7 176.2 181.7 180.6 190.6 203.8
Indian health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 2.4 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.7
Hospital and medical care for
veterans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 12.0 19.3 24.5 21.6 23.1 24.4 30.5 35.5
Health resources and services . . . . .... 1.4 3.9 5.3 5.5 5.9 6.1 5.9 5.7
Substance abuse and mental health
services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 1.2 2.5 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3
Health care tax credit . . . . . . . . . . .... − − (Z) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Uniformed Services retiree health
care fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... − − 4.3 5.2 6.3 7.1 7.6 8.3
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... (Z) 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Assistance to students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 10.9 22.8 25.7 32.1 51.7 31.0 31.4
Veterans education benefits . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 1.6 2.0 2.4 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.7
Student assistance, Department of
Education and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 9.2 20.7 23.3 28.9 48.4 27.5 27.7
Housing assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.9 24.1 29.7 30.8 31.8 32.1 33.0 33.6
Food and nutrition assistance . . . . ...... 23.9 32.4 42.4 45.9 50.7 53.8 54.3 60.1
Food stamp program (including
Puerto Rico) . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... 15.9 18.3 25.3 28.6 32.6 34.6 34.9 38.8
Child nutrition and special milk
programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... 5.0 9.2 10.8 11.2 11.9 12.4 13.0 14.5
Supplemental feeding programs
(WIC 1 and CSFP 2) . . . . . . . . ...... 2.1 4.0 4.5 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.3 6.0
Commodity donations and other . ...... 0.8 0.9 1.7 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.1 0.9
Public assistance and related programs. ... 34.9 88.3 108.9 111.5 123.3 125.1 126.3 134.3
Supplemental security income
program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 11.5 29.5 30.4 31.2 35.3 34.3 32.8 38.2
Family support payments to states
and TANF 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2 18.4 23.1 21.5 21.3 20.9 21.1 21.3
Low income home energy assistance . . . 1.3 1.5 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.6 2.5 2.5
Earned income tax credit. . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 26.1 32.0 33.1 34.6 36.2 38.3 39.5
Legal services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4
Payments to states for daycare
assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... − 3.3 5.2 4.8 4.9 5.3 5.1 5.0
Veterans non-service-connected
pensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 3.6 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.9
Payments to states for foster care/
adoption assistance . . . . . . . . . . . ... 1.6 5.5 6.1 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.6 6.7
Payment where child credit exceeds
tax liability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... − 0.8 6.4 8.9 14.6 15.5 16.2 16.3
Other public assistance . . . . . . . . . . ... − − − − (Z) 0.1 0.1 0.2
All other payments for individuals . . . . . . . . 3.5 4.3 5.8 11.5 7.1 5.6 5.6 9.0
Coal miners and black lung benefits . . . . 1.5 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6
Veterans insurance and burial benefits. . . 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4
D.C. employee retirement . . . . . . . . . . . − 0.4 0.5 0.5 2.2 0.5 0.5 0.5
Aging services programs . . . . . . . . . . . . − 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4
Energy employees compensation fund . . . − − 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.0 0.9
September 11th victim compensation. . . . − − 0.7 6.3 (Z) (Z) − −
Refugee assistance and other . . . . . . . . 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 4.2
− Represents zero. Z Less than $50,000,000. 1 WIC means Women, Infants, and Children. 2
CSFP means Commodity
Supplemental Food Program. 3 TANF means Temporary Assistance for Needy Families.
Source: U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the United States Government, Historical Tables, annual. See
Internet site <http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2009/>.
2008,
Source 1990 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 est.
Total federal receipts . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,032.1 2,025.5 1,782.5 1,880.3 2,153.9 2,407.3 2,568.2 2,521.2
Individual income taxes. . . . . . ...... . . . 466.9 1,004.5 793.7 809.0 927.2 1,043.9 1,163.5 1,219.7
Corporation income taxes . . . . ...... . . . 93.5 207.3 131.8 189.4 278.3 353.9 370.2 345.3
Social insurance and retirement receipts . . . 380.0 652.9 713.0 733.4 794.1 837.8 869.6 910.1
Excise taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . 35.3 68.9 67.5 69.9 73.1 74.0 65.1 68.8
Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . 56.3 92.0 76.6 78.7 81.1 97.6 99.8 −22.8
Unemployment insurance funds . . . . . . . . . 21.6 27.6 33.4 39.5 42.0 43.4 41.1 43.4
Other retirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.7
Federal employees retirement—
employee share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.7
Excise taxes, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.3 68.9 67.5 69.9 73.1 74.0 65.1 68.8
Federal funds 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.6 22.7 23.8 24.6 22.5 22.5 11.1 14.8
Alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 8.1 7.9 8.1 8.1 8.5 8.6 8.8
Tobacco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 7.2 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.7 7.6 7.6
Telephone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 5.7 5.8 6.0 6.0 4.9 −2.1 0.6
Transportation fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . − 0.8 0.9 1.4 −0.8 −2.4 −3.3 −4.3
Trust funds 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.8 46.2 43.7 45.3 50.5 51.5 54.0 54.0
Highway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9 35.0 33.7 34.7 37.9 38.5 39.4 39.2
Airport and airway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 9.7 8.7 9.2 10.3 10.4 11.5 11.9
Black lung disability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
Inland waterway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Oil spill liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.2 − − − 0.1 0.5 0.3
Aquatic resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6
Tobacco assessments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . − − − − 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0
Vaccine injury compensation. . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2
1
− Represents zero. Includes other funds, not shown separately.
Source: U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the United States Government, Historical Tables, annual. See
Internet site <http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2009/>.
Table 458. Federal Trust Fund Income, Outlays, and Balances: 2007 to 2009
[In billions of dollars (12.2 represents $12,200,000,000). For years ending September 30. Receipts deposited. Outlays on a
checks-issued basis less refunds collected. Balances: That which have not been spent. See text, this section, for discussion of the
budget concept and trust funds]
1
Income Outlays Balances
Description 2008, 2009, 2008, 2009, 2008, 2009,
2007 est. est. 2007 est. est. 2007 est. est.
Airport and airway trust fund. . . . . . . . . .. 12.2 12.5 13.0 12.2 12.4 15.0 10.1 10.2 8.2
Federal civilian employees’ retirement
funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.2 97.4 101.5 78.9 65.0 67.6 716.8 749.2 783.2
Federal employees’ health benefits fund . . . 34.6 35.9 38.1 33.6 35.4 37.6 15.8 16.3 16.8
Foreign military sales trust fund . . . . . . . . 15.8 15.5 15.0 14.2 15.5 15.0 9.5 9.5 9.5
Highway trust fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.4 39.5 40.2 39.3 45.5 48.3 15.4 9.4 1.2
Medicare:
Hospital insurance (HI) trust fund . . . . .. 223.9 237.4 244.7 207.6 229.6 244.7 311.0 314.6 324.2
Supplemental medical insurance trust
fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 239.0 246.5 259.5 233.2 236.5 251.3 47.6 61.7 69.8
Military retirement fund . . . . . . . . . . . ... 53.5 78.0 83.7 43.5 45.5 47.8 216.0 248.5 284.3
Railroad retirement trust funds . . . . . . ... 9.5 8.3 6.6 6.0 6.5 6.8 30.7 32.5 32.4
Social security: Old-age, survivors and
disability insurance trust funds . . . . . . . . 772.8 808.4 854.2 586.2 615.3 649.4 2,180.8 2,373.9 2,578.6
Unemployment trust funds . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.1 47.8 49.9 36.3 38.5 41.0 75.4 84.8 93.7
Veterans’ life insurance trust funds . . . . . . 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.6 1.6 1.6 11.8 11.3 10.8
Other trust funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.8 24.7 28.7 20.8 22.4 25.5 45.2 47.5 50.7
1
Balances available on a cash basis (rather than an authorization basis) at the end of the year. Balances are primarily invested
in federal debt securities.
Source: U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the United States Government, Analytical Perspectives, annual.
See Internet site <http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2009/>.
Item 1990 1995 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Amounts outstanding, total 1 . . . 122.5 181.5 166.5 177.7 179.5 185.5 192.6 194.1 189.9 189.2 181.5
Sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 7.2 6.5 5.6 8.0 12.5 13.2 10.3 6.5 8.5 3.6
Accrued discounts . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 9.5 8.4 6.9 8.4 7.7 7.3 6.9 6.7 7.5 7.2
Redemptions 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 11.8 16.6 14.5 13.8 12.5 12.2 14.6 13.8 16.0 10.8
Percent of total outstanding . . . 6.1 6.5 10.0 8.2 7.7 6.7 6.3 7.5 7.3 8.5 6.0
1
Interest-bearing debt only for amounts at end of year. 2 Matured and unmatured bonds.
Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury, Bureau of Public Debt. See Internet site <http://www.treasurydirect.gov
/govt/reports/pd/pd_sbntables_downloadable_files.htm> (accessed January 2008).
Table 464. Federal Individual Income Tax Returns—Adjusted Gross Income, Tax-
able Income, and Total Income Tax: 2004 and 2005
[132,226 represents 132,226,000. For tax years. Based on a sample of returns, see source and Appendix III]
2004 2005
Number Number Percent
Item of of change
returns Amount returns Amount in amount,
(1,000) (mil. dol.) (1,000) (mil. dol.) 2004−05
Adjusted gross income (less deficit) . . . . . . 132,226 6,788,805 134,373 7,422,496 9.3
Exemptions 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263,896 800,690 269,043 839,904 4.9
Taxable income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102,738 4,670,166 104,331 5,137,166 10.0
Total income tax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89,102 831,976 90,593 934,836 12.4
Alternative minimum tax . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,096 13,029 4,005 17,421 33.7
1
The number of returns columns represent the number of exemptions.
Source: U.S. Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Bulletin, Fall issues.
Adjusted gross income 2 . . . . . . . . 7,422,496 35,302 339,522 459,302 483,976 475,519 2,028,146 3,600,729
Salaries and wages . . . . . . . . . . 5,155,407 113,394 256,306 377,503 401,927 390,239 1,619,615 1,996,423
Interest received . . . . . . . . . . . . 162,433 9,107 8,460 7,555 6,669 6,637 29,140 94,865
Dividends in AGI . . . . . . . . . . . . 166,482 5,167 5,106 4,608 4,498 4,822 24,803 117,478
Business, profession,
net profit less loss . . . . . . . . .. 269,701 5,418 23,334 17,390 14,776 12,604 56,717 139,462
Sales of property, 3
net gain less loss . . . . . . . . .. 671,678 6,570 2,044 2,660 3,280 4,942 31,516 620,666
Pensions and annuities in AGI. .. 420,145 9,516 35,619 37,367 36,810 36,406 151,999 112,427
Rents and royalties,
net income less loss 4 . . . . . .. 25,203 −3,561 −187 −506 −995 −557 221 30,786
1 2
Includes a small number of returns with no adjusted gross income. Includes other sources, not shown separately.
3 4
Includes sales of capital assets and other property; net gain less loss. Excludes rental passive losses disallowed in the
computation of AGI; net income less loss.
Source: U.S. Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Bulletin, Fall issues.
Table 466. Federal Individual Income Tax Returns—Total and Selected Sources
of Adjusted Gross Income: 2004 and 2005
[132,226 represents 132,226,000. For tax years. Based on a sample of returns, see source and Appendix III. Minus sign (−)
indicates decrease]
Change in amount,
2004 2005 2004−05
Item Number Number Net
of returns Amount of returns Amount change Percent
(1,000) (mil. dol.) (1,000) (mil. dol.) (mil. dol.) change
Adjusted gross income (less deficit) 1 . . . . . 132,226 6,788,805 134,373 7,422,496 633,691 9.3
Salaries and wages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112,370 4,921,806 114,071 5,155,407 233,601 4.7
Taxable interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,606 125,474 59,249 162,433 36,959 29.5
Ordinary dividends. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,687 146,839 31,175 166,482 19,643 13.4
Qualified dividends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,550 110,500 25,854 118,980 8,480 7.7
Business or profession net income (less loss). . . 20,252 247,217 21,057 269,701 22,484 9.1
Net capital gain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,267 473,662 26,196 668,015 194,354 41.0
Capital gain distributions 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,733 15,336 13,393 35,581 20,245 132.0
Sales of property other than capital assets,
net gain (less loss). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1,750 2,503 1,777 3,663 1,160 46.4
Sales of property other than capital assets,
net gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 858 10,473 901 12,843 2,370 22.6
Taxable social security benefits . . . . . . . . . . .. 11,692 110,462 12,661 124,829 14,367 13.0
Total rental and royalty net income (less
net loss) 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 9,751 27,384 9,949 28,237 853 3.1
Partnership and S corporation net income
(less loss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,236 315,993 7,531 402,327 86,334 27.3
Estate and trust net income (less loss) . . . . . . . 543 14,001 529 16,484 2,483 17.7
Farm net income (less loss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,005 −13,239 1,981 −12,169 1,070 8.1
Farm net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589 7,371 611 8,484 1,113 15.1
Unemployment compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,095 32,740 7,888 27,857 −4,883 −14.9
Taxable pensions and annuities . . . . . ....... 23,123 394,286 23,247 420,145 25,859 6.6
Taxable Individual Retirement Account
distributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... 8,914 101,672 9,387 112,277 10,605 10.4
Other net income (less loss) 4 . . . . . . ....... (NA) 23,198 (NA) 26,863 3,666 15.8
Gambling earnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... 1,709 23,313 1,809 24,884 1,570 6.7
NA Not available. 1 Includes sources of income not shown separately. 2 Includes both Schedule D and non-Schedule D
capital gain distributions. 3 Includes farm rental net income (less loss). 4 Other net income (less loss) represents data reported
on Form 1040, line 21, except net operating loss, the foreign-earned income exclusion, and gambling earnings.
Source: U.S. Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Bulletin, Fall issues.
Highest Highest
statutory Alternative minimum tax statutory Alternative minimum tax
Tax alternative Tax alternative
year minimum Number year minimum Number
tax rate of returns Amount tax rate of returns Amount
(percent) (1,000) (mil. dol.) (percent) (1,000) (mil. dol.)
1986 . . . . . . . 20 609 6,713 1996 . . . . . . . 28 478 2,813
1987 . . . . . . . 21 140 1,675 1997 . . . . . . . 28 618 4,005
1
1988 . . . . . . . 21 114 1,028 1998 . . . . . . . 28 853 5,015
1
1989 . . . . . . . 21 117 831 1999 . . . . . . . 28 1,018 6,478
1
1990 . . . . . . . 21 132 830 2000 . . . . . . . 28 1,304 9,601
1
1991 . . . . . . . 24 244 1,213 2001 . . . . . . . 28 1,120 6,757
1
1992 . . . . . . . 24 287 1,357 2002 . . . . . . . 28 1,911 6,854
1
1993 . . . . . . . 28 335 2,053 2003 . . . . . . . 28 2,358 9,470
1
1994 . . . . . . . 28 369 2,212 2004 . . . . . . . 28 3,096 13,029
1
1995 . . . . . . . 28 414 2,291 2005 . . . . . . . 28 4,005 17,421
1
Top rate on most long-term capital gains was 20 percent; beginning 2003, the rate was 15 percent.
Source: U.S. Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Bulletin, Fall 2007, volume 27, no. 2. See also <http://www.irs.gov
/taxstats/index.html>.
Business or profession net loss. .... .... 4,973 38,927 5,194 43,007 5,308 45,016
Net capital loss 1 . . . . . . . . . . .... .... 12,808 28,952 11,513 25,492 10,023 22,137
Net loss, sales of property other than
capital assets. . . . . . . . . . . . .... .... 955 8,469 892 7,971 877 9,180
2
Total rental and royalty net loss. .... .... 4,242 33,453 4,380 38,466 4,554 43,988
Partnership and S corporation net loss . . . . 2,553 78,972 2,498 82,697 2,539 89,694
Estate and trust net loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 1,084 36 1,436 36 1,654
Farm net loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,405 19,844 1,416 20,610 1,371 20,653
Net operating loss 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712 62,825 830 75,012 863 79,452
Other net loss 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 6,718 359 8,768 346 7,811
NA Not available. 1 Includes only the portion of capital losses allowable in the calculation of adjusted gross income. Only
$3,000 of net capital loss per return ($1,500 for married filing separately) are allowed to be included in negative total income. Any
excess is carried forward to future years. 2 Includes farm rental net loss. 3 Net operating loss is a carryover of the loss from
a business when taxable income from a prior year was less than zero. 4 Other net loss represents losses reported on Form 1040,
line 21, except net operating loss and the foreign-earned income exclusion.
Source: U.S. Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Bulletin, Fall issues.
Table 470. Federal Individual Income Tax Returns—Number, Income Tax, and
Average Tax by Size of Adjusted Gross Income: 2000 and 2005
[129,374 represents 129,374,000. Based on sample of returns; see Appendix III]
Percent change,
2004 2005 2004−05
Item Number Number
of of Number
returns 1 Amount returns 1 Amount of
(1,000) (mil. dol.) (1,000) (mil. dol.) returns 1 Amount
Total itemized deductions before limitation. . . . . 46,335 1,035,000 47,755 1,167,135 3.1 12.8
2004 2005
Number Number Percent
Item of of change
returns Amount returns Amount in amount,
(1,000) (mil. dol.) (1,000) (mil. dol.) 2004−05
Total statutory adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,154 98,047 33,591 109,397 11.6
Payments to an Individual Retirement Account . . . . . . . 3,331 10,029 3,256 12,003 19.7
Educator expenses deduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,402 858 3,504 878 2.3
Moving expenses adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,096 2,952 1,134 3,077 4.2
Student loan interest deduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,527 4,399 8,073 5,053 14.9
Tuition and fees deduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,710 10,589 4,696 10,847 2.4
Self-employment tax deduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,920 21,109 16,695 22,734 7.7
Self-employment health insurance deduction . . . . . . . . . 3,884 18,457 3,901 19,646 6.4
Payments to a self-employed retirement (Keogh) plan. . . 1,201 19,296 1,257 21,268 10.2
Forfeited interest penalty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 780 210 806 266 26.7
Alimony paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574 8,470 588 8,954 5.7
Other adjustment 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 1,234 (NA) 1,515 22.8
NA Not available. 1 Includes foreign housing adjustment, Medical Savings Accounts deduction, certain business expenses
of reservists, performing artists, etc., and other adjustments. For 2004, other adjustments include these plus the health savings
account deduction (90,857 returns totaling $190.7 million).
Source: U.S. Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Bulletin, Fall issues.
Characteristic 1990 1995 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Average age (years) 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 42.3 44.3 45.9 46.3 46.5 46.5 46.7 46.8 46.9
Average length of service (years) . . . . . . .. 13.4 15.5 16.9 17.1 17.1 16.8 16.8 16.6 16.4
Retirement eligible: 2
Civil Service Retirement System . . . . . . . 8 10 15 17 19 23 27 30 33
Federal Employees Retirement System. . . 3 5 10 11 10 11 12 13 13
Bachelor’s degree or higher . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 39 40 41 41 41 41 42 43
Sex: Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 56 55 55 55 55 55 56 56
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 44 45 45 45 45 45 44 44
Race and national origin:
Total minorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.4 28.9 30.0 30.4 30.6 30.8 31.1 31.4 31.7
Black. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.7 16.8 17.0 17.1 17.1 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0
Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 5.9 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.9 7.1 7.3 7.4
Asian/Pacific Islander . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 4.2 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 5.0 5.1
American Indian/Alaska Native . . . . . . . 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1
Disabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0
Veterans preference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.0 26.0 25.0 24.0 24.0 23.0 22.0 22.0 22.0
Vietnam era veterans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.0 17.0 14.0 14.0 13.0 13.0 13.0 12.0 11.0
Retired military. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.2 3.9 3.9 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.9 5.4
Retired officers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
1 2
For full-time permanent employees. Represents full-time permanent employees under the Civil Service Retirement
System (excluding hires since January 1984), and the Federal Employees Retirement System (since January 1984).
Source: U.S. Office of Personnel Management, Office of Workforce Information, The Fact Book, Federal Civilian Workforce
Statistics, annual. See Internet site <http://www.opm.gov/feddata/>.
Table 484. Area of Federally Owned Buildings in the United States by State:
2006
[3,322.8 represents 3,322,800,000. As of September 30. For executive branch agencies]
Total building Owned build- Leased build- Total building Owned build- Leased build-
State area 1 ing area ing area State area 1 ing area ing area
(mil. sq. ft) (mil. sq. ft) (mil. sq. ft.) (mil. sq. ft) (mil. sq. ft) (mil. sq. ft.)
2
U.S. ... 3,322.8 2,820.4 394.5 MO . . . . . . 61.9 49.5 10.0
MT . . . . . . . 19.1 15.5 2.9
AL . . . . . . . 60.2 51.3 5.5 NE . . . . . . . 17.3 13.3 2.9
AK . . . . . . . 57.3 51.2 5.7 NV . . . . . . . 34.2 30.7 2.9
AZ . . . . . . . 63.4 57.9 4.5 NH . . . . . . . 5.8 3.7 1.3
AR . . . . . . . 25.8 20.3 2.6 NJ . . . . . . . 62.4 50.9 9.3
CA . . . . . . . 385.0 351.0 30.2
CO. . . . . . . 64.3 55.3 8.5 NM. . . . . . . 64.3 57.5 5.4
CT . . . . . . . 21.4 17.8 1.9 NY . . . . . . . 130.6 105.8 19.9
DE . . . . . . . 6.8 5.6 0.5 NC . . . . . . . 93.4 83.7 7.4
DC . . . . . . . 98.5 74.5 23.4 ND . . . . . . . 24.1 20.8 1.7
FL . . . . . . . 137.4 116.8 17.4 OH. . . . . . . 82.1 71.1 8.5
GA . . . . . . . 121.2 106.7 12.9 OK . . . . . . . 68.4 57.5 8.7
HI . . . . . . . 62.2 60.3 1.3 OR. . . . . . . 28.7 22.0 4.4
ID . . . . . . . 23.0 19.1 3.1 PA . . . . . . . 94.7 79.7 12.3
IL. . . . . . . . 91.3 79.1 8.7 RI . . . . . . . 15.2 14.0 0.7
IN . . . . . . . 50.7 36.5 11.8 SC . . . . . . . 20.9 57.1 3.5
IA . . . . . . . 18.7 12.8 2.9 SD . . . . . . . 62.7 16.1 3.4
KS . . . . . . . 39.3 33.1 4.6 TN . . . . . . . 77.9 68.5 6.2
KY . . . . . . . 56.1 50.1 4.2 TX . . . . . . . 218.1 186.3 28.7
LA . . . . . . . 54.2 41.3 6.2 UT . . . . . . . 36.6 30.3 4.3
ME. . . . . . . 15.0 12.7 1.4 VT . . . . . . . 4.8 2.9 1.3
MD. . . . . . . 136.7 111.7 22.8 VA . . . . . . . 183.6 151.9 30.4
MA. . . . . . . 45.4 37.5 5.4 WA . . . . . . 94.5 85.0 8.0
MI . . . . . . . 41.5 29.9 7.7 WV . . . . . . 23.9 18.5 3.7
MN. . . . . . . 30.0 21.9 3.6 WI . . . . . . . 30.0 22.6 4.7
MS. . . . . . . 46.5 37.3 3.9 WY . . . . . . 15.8 13.8 1.0
1 2
Includes otherwised managed square feet, not shown separately. Includes location not reported, not shown separately.
Source: U.S. General Services Administration, Federal Real Property Council, ‘‘Federal Real Property Report’’, July 2007
(revised since issued).
This section displays data for national the National Guard and to use such of the
security (national defense and homeland Armed Forces as he considers necessary
security) and benefits for veterans. Data to enforce federal authority in any state.
are presented on national defense and its There is in each Armed Force a ready
human and financial costs; active and reserve, a standby reserve, and a retired
reserve military personnel; and federally reserve. The Ready Reserve includes the
sponsored programs and benefits for vet- Selected Reserve, which provides trained
erans, and funding, budget and selected and ready units and individuals to aug-
agencies for homeland security. The prin- ment the active forces during times of
cipal sources of these data are the annual war or national emergency, or at other
Selected Manpower Statistics and the times when required; and the Individual
Atlas/Data Abstract for the United States Ready Reserve, which is a manpower pool
and Selected Areas issued by the Office of that can be called to active duty during
the Secretary of Defense; Annual Report times of war or national emergency and
of Secretary of Veterans Affairs, U.S. would normally be used as individual fill-
Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Bud-
ers for active, guard, and reserve units,
get in Brief, U.S. Department of Homeland and as a source of combat replacements.
Security; and The Budget of the United
Most of the Ready Reserve serves in an
States Government, Office of Management active status. See Table 499 for Standby
and Budget. For more data on expendi- Reserve and Retired Reserve detail.
tures and personnel, see Section 30.
Department of Veterans Affairs
Department of Defense (DoD)—The
(VA)—A veteran is someone 18 years and
U.S. Department of Defense is responsible older (there are a few 17-year-old veter-
for providing the military forces of the
ans) who is not currently on active duty,
United States. It includes the Office of the but who once served on active duty in the
Secretary of Defense, the Joint Chiefs of United States Army, Navy, Air Force,
Staff, the Army, the Navy, the Air Force, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard, or who
and the defense agencies. The President served in the Merchant Marine during
serves as Commander-in-Chief of the
World War II. There are many groups
Armed Forces; from him, the authority whose active service makes them veter-
flows to the Secretary of Defense and ans including: those who incurred a
through the Joint Chiefs of Staff to the service-connected disability during active
commanders of unified and specified duty for training in the Reserves or
commands (e.g., U.S. Strategic Com- National Guard, even though that service
mand).
would not otherwise have counted for
Reserve components—The Reserve veteran status; members of a national
Components of the Armed Forces consist guard or reserve component who have
of the Army National Guard of the United been ordered to active duty by order of
States, Army Reserve, Naval Reserve, the President or who have a full-time mili-
Marine Corps Reserve, Air National Guard, tary job. The latter are called AGRs (Active
Air Force Reserve, and Coast Guard Guard and Reserve). No one who has
Reserve. They provide trained personnel received a dishonorable discharge is a
and units available for active duty in the veteran.
Armed Forces during times of war or
national emergency, and at such other The VA administers laws authorizing ben-
times as national security may require. efits for eligible former and present mem-
The National Guard has dual federal/state bers of the Armed Forces and for the ben-
responsibilities and uses jointly provided eficiaries of deceased members. Veterans’
equipment, facilities, and budget support. benefits available under various acts of
The President is empowered to mobilize Congress include compensation for
Total1 = 1,380
Air Force
333 Army
522
Marines
186
Navy
338
1
Includes National Guard, Reserve, and retired regular personnel on extended or continuous active duty.
Excludes Coast Guard.
Source: Chart prepared by U.S. Census Bureau. For data, see Table 494.
Figure 10.2
Living Veterans by Age: 2007
(In thousands)
Total = 23,816
Source: Chart prepared by U.S. Census Bureau. For data, see Table 503.
National defense and veterans’ outlays Annual percent change 1 Defense outlays
(bil. dol.) percent of—
1995 . . . . . . 310.0 272.1 305.9 37.9 −2.9 −3.4 0.8 17.9 3.7
1996 . . . . . . 302.7 265.8 289.2 37.0 −2.3 −2.3 −2.4 17.0 3.5
1997 . . . . . . 309.8 270.5 288.4 39.3 2.3 1.8 6.3 16.9 3.3
1998 . . . . . . 310.0 268.2 282.4 41.8 0.1 −0.8 6.3 16.2 3.1
1999 . . . . . . 320.2 274.8 286.6 43.2 3.3 2.5 3.4 16.1 3.0
2000 . . . . . . 341.5 294.4 294.4 47.1 6.6 7.1 9.0 16.5 3.0
2001 . . . . . . 349.8 304.8 297.2 45.0 2.4 3.5 −4.3 16.4 3.0
2002 . . . . . . 399.5 348.5 329.3 51.0 14.2 14.3 13.2 17.3 3.4
2003 . . . . . . 461.8 404.8 364.4 57.0 15.6 16.2 11.8 18.7 3.7
2004 . . . . . . 515.6 455.8 394.3 59.8 11.7 12.6 4.8 19.9 4.0
2005 ... . . . 565.5 495.3 407.3 70.2 9.7 8.7 17.4 20.0 4.0
2006 ... . . . 591.7 521.8 412.4 69.8 4.6 5.4 −0.4 19.7 4.0
2007 ... . . . 625.4 552.6 426.4 72.8 5.7 5.9 4.3 20.2 4.0
2008, est. . . . 693.9 607.3 463.9 86.6 10.9 9.9 18.9 20.7 4.2
2009, est. . . . 767.0 675.1 504.7 91.9 10.5 11.2 6.1 21.7 4.5
1 2
Change from immediate prior year; for 1960, change from 1955. Represents fiscal year GDP; for definition, see text,
Section 13.
Source: U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the United States Government, Historical Tables, annual. See also
<http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb>.
Table 486. National Defense Budget Authority and Outlays for Defense
Functions: 1990 to 2008
[In billions of dollars (303.3 represents $303,300,000,000), except percent. For year ending September 30. Minus sign (−)
indicates decrease]
2008,
Function 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 est.
1
Total budget authority . . . . 303.3 266.4 304.0 334.7 362.0 456.0 490.6 505.8 617.2 625.9 693.2
Department of Defense−Military . . . 293.0 255.7 290.3 318.7 344.9 437.7 470.9 483.9 593.8 603.0 670.5
Military personnel . . . . . . . . . . . 78.9 71.6 73.8 76.9 87.0 109.1 116.1 121.3 128.5 131.8 137.1
Operation and maintenance . . . . 88.4 93.7 108.7 125.2 133.2 178.3 189.8 179.2 213.5 240.2 257.1
Procurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.4 43.6 55.0 62.6 62.7 78.5 83.1 96.6 105.4 133.8 170.1
Research, development, test,
and evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.5 34.5 38.7 41.6 48.7 58.1 64.6 68.8 72.9 77.5 79.5
Military construction. . . . . . . . . . 5.1 5.4 5.1 5.4 6.6 6.7 6.1 7.3 9.5 14.0 20.2
Family housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 3.4 3.5 3.7 4.0 4.2 3.8 4.1 4.4 4.0 2.9
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −0.4 3.4 5.5 3.3 2.6 2.9 7.4 6.6 59.6 1.7 3.2
Atomic energy defense activities . . . 9.7 10.1 12.4 14.3 15.2 16.4 16.8 17.9 17.4 17.2 16.4
Defense−related activities . . . . . . . 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.8 4.0 5.9 5.7 6.3
Total outlays 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 299.3 272.1 294.4 304.8 348.5 404.8 455.8 495.3 521.8 552.6 607.3
Department of Defense−Military . . . 289.8 259.4 281.1 290.2 331.9 387.2 436.5 474.1 499.3 529.8 583.1
Military personnel . . . . . . . . . . . 75.6 70.8 76.0 74.0 86.8 106.7 113.6 127.5 127.5 128.8 137.4
Operation and maintenance . . . . 88.3 91.0 105.8 112.0 130.0 151.4 174.0 188.1 203.8 216.6 225.1
Procurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.0 55.0 51.7 55.0 62.5 67.9 76.2 82.3 89.8 99.6 130.5
Research, development, test,
and evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.5 34.6 37.6 40.5 44.4 53.1 60.8 65.7 68.6 73.1 74.7
Military construction. . . . . . . . . . 5.1 6.8 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.9 6.3 5.3 6.2 7.9 10.2
Family housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.5 4.3
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −1.2 −2.4 1.5 0.3 −0.6 −1.6 1.6 1.5 −0.4 0.2 0.8
Atomic energy activities . . . . . . . . . 9.0 11.8 12.1 12.9 14.8 16.0 16.6 18.0 17.5 17.1 17.8
Defense−related activities . . . . . . . 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.6 1.8 1.6 2.8 3.2 5.1 5.7 6.4
1
Includes defense budget authority, balances, and outlays by other departments.
Source: U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the United States Government, Historical Tables, Budget Authority
by Function and Subfunction, Outlay by Function and Subfunction, annual. See also <http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget>.
Item 1995 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Military sales agreements . . . ... 8,495 10,947 10,703 12,561 12,102 12,577 13,311 10,240 20,805
Military construction sales
agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 301 284 124 70 223 673 329 170
Military sales deliveries 1 . . . . . . . 12,100 16,449 10,671 12,287 10,481 9,257 11,058 10,985 12,132
Military sales financing . . . . . . . . 3,712 3,370 4,333 3,535 4,032 5,955 4,584 4,956 4,450
Military assistance programs 2 . . . 117 125 5 9 39 186 45 68 11
Military assistance program
delivery 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 20 36 14 21 34 182 7 62 73
IMET program/deliveries 4 . . . ... 26 49 49 51 67 76 85 85 81
1
Includes military construction sales deliveries. 2 Also includes Military Assistance Service Funded (MASF) program data,
emergency drawdowns, and grant assistance; excludes training. 3 Includes Military Assistance Service Funded (MASF) program
data and Section 506(a) drawdown authority. 4 International Military Education & Training. Includes military assistance service
funded and emergency draw downs.
Source: U.S. Department of Defense, Defense Security Cooperation Agency, ‘‘DSCA Data and Statistics’’; See also
<http://www.dsca.osd.mil/data_stats.htm>.
Table 488. U.S. Military Sales Deliveries by Selected Country: 1995 to 2006
[In millions of dollars (12,100 represents $12,100,000,000). For year ending September 30. Represents Department of
Defense military sales]
Country 1995 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Total 1 . . . . . . . . . . 12,100 16,449 10,671 12,287 10,481 9,257 11,058 10,985 12,132
Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 291 332 309 232 213 185 355 382
Bahrain . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 48 54 337 84 94 78 68 74
Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 274 58 169 68 71 42 50 56
Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 96 84 110 85 155 145 153 186
Denmark. . . . . . . . . . . . 54 157 44 109 23 14 22 40 48
Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,479 543 1,031 872 1,875 861 1,344 1,308 1,227
France . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 248 217 142 206 168 207 70 43
Germany . . . . . . . . . . . 257 251 131 330 221 242 264 211 154
Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 463 389 448 469 1,324 1,173 318 425
Israel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 1,213 562 766 629 846 902 1,702 1,397
Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 106 41 188 103 185 282 127 318
Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693 436 458 491 467 430 393 411 554
Jordan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 49 52 80 67 69 104 141 106
Korea, South . . . . . . . . . 442 585 1,399 735 533 560 601 607 584
Kuwait . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471 316 321 502 131 143 209 254 255
Netherlands . . . . . . . . . 153 381 161 412 249 224 271 178 806
Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 251 64 192 88 123 80 106 107
Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 12 20 42 28 116 31 84 84
Saudi Arabia . . . . . . . . . 3,567 4,318 1,975 1,891 1,308 1,011 1,223 992 999
Singapore . . . . . . . . . . . 59 549 131 244 419 168 205 209 373
Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 331 141 467 317 159 435 127 105
Taiwan 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,332 2,438 784 1,160 1,410 648 1,032 1,384 1,025
Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 134 114 119 171 153 179 92 84
Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368 622 216 466 281 277 290 190 249
United Arab Emirates . . . 345 81 42 24 92 85 142 150 247
United Kingdom . . . . . . . 419 365 347 525 386 350 453 384 297
1 2
Includes countries not shown. See footnote 2, Table 1288.
Source: U.S. Department of Defense, Defense Security Cooperation Agency, ‘‘DSCA Data and Statistics’’; See also
<http://www.dsca.osd.mil/data_stats.htm>.
Payroll Payroll
State Active State Active
duty Contract duty Contract
Total military awards Grants Total military awards Grants
U.S.. . . 146,858 55,829 257,457 3,934 MO . . . . . . 2,432 724 9,393 46
AL . .... . . 3,503 569 6,954 64 MT . . . . . . . 407 146 247 32
AK . .... . . 1,640 1,111 1,656 43 NE . . . . . . . 961 371 718 11
AZ . .... . . 2,656 988 9,696 79 NV . . . . . . . 1,146 454 750 20
AR . .... . . 1,080 240 881 64 NH . . . . . . . 324 53 1,106 32
CA . .... . . 15,270 6,867 32,126 350 NJ . . . . . . . 2,004 327 6,151 77
CO. .... . . 3,210 1,386 4,127 46 NM. . . . . . . 1,466 505 1,075 30
CT . .... . . 758 333 7,781 64 NY . . . . . . . 2,669 1,154 8,020 150
DE . .... . . 420 165 125 21 NC . . . . . . . 7,132 4,373 2,690 100
DC . .... . . 2,561 1,113 4,067 38 ND . . . . . . . 501 282 240 37
FL . .... . . 8,864 2,982 10,707 131 OH. . . . . . . 3,030 446 5,980 97
GA . .... . . 7,409 3,390 5,515 54 OK . . . . . . . 3,260 1,160 2,070 33
HI . .... . . 4,064 2,303 1,963 77 OR. . . . . . . 760 49 562 47
ID . .... . . 541 184 168 37 PA . . . . . . . 3,077 162 7,515 300
IL. . .... . . 2,838 1,051 3,274 107 RI . . . . . . . 645 136 431 17
IN . .... . . 1,361 51 4,627 64 SC . . . . . . . 3,431 1,696 2,197 45
IA . .... . . 445 28 944 42 SD . . . . . . . 358 128 372 21
KS . .... . . 1,827 890 1,706 46 TN . . . . . . . 1,520 146 2,866 56
KY . .... . . 2,959 1,837 5,395 18 TX . . . . . . . 11,908 5,254 27,102 168
LA . .... . . 1,734 694 5,154 311 UT . . . . . . . 1,739 245 2,304 22
ME. .... . . 827 120 1,020 19 VT . . . . . . . 168 12 829 21
MD. .... . . 5,334 1,544 10,244 215 VA . . . . . . . 16,693 6,770 29,246 85
MA. .... . . 1,098 157 9,077 155 WA . . . . . . 5,652 2,417 4,766 60
MI . .... . . 1,307 73 3,898 98 WV . . . . . . 384 28 392 25
MN. .... . . 762 49 1,526 70 WI . . . . . . . 681 41 2,165 56
MS. .... . . 1,702 487 5,477 126 WY . . . . . . 306 140 161 12
Source: U.S. Department of Defense, DoD Personnel and Procurement Statistics, Atlas/Data Abstract for the United States
and Selected Areas, annual; <http://siadapp.dmdc.osd.mil/>.
Location 1980 1990 1995 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,051 2,046 1,518 1,384 1,412 1,434 1,427 1,389 1,385 1,380
Shore-based 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 1,840 1,794 1,351 1,237 1,262 1,287 1,291 1,262 1,263 1,264
Afloat 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 252 167 147 150 148 136 127 121 115
United States 3 . . . . . . . . . . 1,562 1,437 1,280 1,127 1,181 1,182 1,139 1,098 1,100 1,085
Foreign countries . . . . . . . . . 489 609 238 258 230 253 288 291 285 295
1
Includes Navy personnel temporarily on shore. 2 Includes Marine Corps. 3 Includes Puerto Rico and Island areas.
Source: U.S. Department of Defense, DoD Personnel and Procurement Statistics, Personnel, Publications, Atlas/Data
Abstract for the United States and Selected Areas, annual; <http://siadapp.dmdc.osd.mil>.
[In thousands (2,475 represents 2,475,000). As of end of fiscal year; see text, Section 8. Includes National Guard, Reserve, and retired regular personnel on extended or continuous active duty. Excludes Coast Guard.
Other officer candidates are included under enlisted personnel]
National Security and Veterans Affairs
2
Army Navy Marine Corps Air Force
Year Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female
Total 1, 2 Total 1
Officers Enlisted Officers Enlisted Total 1
Officers Enlisted Officers Enlisted Total 1
Officers Enlisted Officers Enlisted Total 1
Officers Enlisted Officers Enlisted
1960 . . . 2,475 873 97 762 4.3 8.3 617 67 540 2.7 5.4 171 16 153 0.1 1.5 815 126 677 3.7 5.7
1965 . . . 2,654 969 108 846 3.8 8.5 670 75 583 2.6 5.3 190 17 172 0.1 1.4 825 128 685 4.1 4.7
1970 . . . 3,065 1,323 162 1,142 5.2 11.5 691 78 600 2.9 5.8 260 25 233 0.3 2.1 791 125 648 4.7 9.0
1975 . . . 2,128 784 98 640 4.6 37.7 535 62 449 3.7 17.5 196 19 174 0.3 2.8 613 100 478 5.0 25.2
1979 . . . 2,027 759 90 602 6.9 55.2 523 58 432 4.4 25.0 185 18 161 0.5 5.5 560 89 413 7.3 46.4
1980 . . . 2,051 777 91 612 7.6 61.7 527 58 430 4.9 30.1 189 18 164 0.5 6.2 558 90 404 8.5 51.9
1981 . . . 2,083 781 94 610 8.3 65.3 540 60 435 5.3 34.6 191 17 165 0.5 7.1 570 90 413 9.1 54.4
1982 . . . 2,109 780 94 609 9.0 64.1 553 61 444 5.7 37.3 192 18 165 0.6 7.9 583 92 421 9.9 54.5
1983 . . . 2,123 780 97 602 9.5 66.5 558 62 444 6.3 40.8 194 19 166 0.6 8.3 592 94 428 10.6 55.3
1984 . . . 2,138 780 98 601 10.2 67.1 565 62 448 6.6 42.6 196 19 167 0.6 8.6 597 95 430 11.2 55.9
1985 . . . 2,151 781 99 599 10.8 68.4 571 64 449 6.9 45.7 198 19 169 0.7 9.0 602 96 431 11.9 58.1
1986 . . . 2,169 781 99 597 11.3 69.7 581 65 457 7.3 47.2 200 19 170 0.6 9.2 608 97 434 12.4 61.2
1987 . . . 2,174 781 96 596 11.6 71.6 587 65 462 7.2 47.7 200 19 170 0.6 9.1 607 94 432 12.6 63.2
1988 . . . 2,138 772 95 588 11.8 72.0 593 65 466 7.3 49.7 197 19 168 0.7 9.0 576 92 405 12.9 61.5
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
1989 . . . 2,130 770 95 584 12.2 74.3 593 65 464 7.5 52.1 197 19 168 0.7 9.0 571 91 399 13.4 63.7
1990 . . . 2,044 732 92 553 12.4 71.2 579 64 451 7.8 52.1 197 19 168 0.7 8.7 535 87 370 13.3 60.8
1991 . . . 1,986 711 91 535 12.5 67.8 570 63 444 8.0 51.4 194 19 166 0.7 8.3 510 84 350 13.3 59.1
1992 . . . 1,807 610 83 449 11.7 61.7 542 61 417 8.3 51.0 185 18 157 0.6 7.9 470 77 320 12.7 56.1
1993 . . . 1,705 572 77 420 11.1 60.2 510 58 390 8.3 49.3 178 17 153 0.6 7.2 444 72 302 12.3 54.5
1994 . . . 1,610 541 74 394 10.9 59.0 469 54 355 8.0 47.9 174 17 149 0.6 7.0 426 69 287 12.3 54.0
1995 . . . 1,518 509 72 365 10.8 57.3 435 51 324 7.9 47.9 175 17 150 0.7 7.4 400 66 266 12.1 52.1
1996 . . . 1,472 491 70 347 10.6 59.0 417 50 308 7.8 46.9 175 17 149 0.8 7.8 389 64 256 12.0 52.8
1997 . . . 1,439 492 69 346 10.4 62.4 396 48 290 7.8 44.8 174 17 148 0.8 8.5 377 62 246 12.0 53.8
1998 . . . 1,407 484 68 340 10.4 61.4 382 47 280 7.8 42.9 173 17 146 0.9 8.9 368 60 237 12.0 54.2
1999 . . . 1,386 479 67 337 10.5 61.5 373 46 271 7.7 43.9 173 17 145 0.9 9.3 361 58 232 11.8 54.6
2000 . . . 1,384 482 66 339 10.8 62.9 373 46 272 7.8 43.8 173 17 146 0.9 9.5 356 57 227 11.8 55.0
2001 . . . 1,385 481 65 337 11.0 63.4 378 46 273 8.0 46.6 173 17 145 1.0 9.6 354 57 224 12.0 55.6
2002 . . . 1,414 487 66 341 11.5 63.2 385 47 279 8.2 47.3 174 17 146 1.0 9.5 368 59 233 12.9 58.6
2003 . . . 1,434 499 68 352 12.0 63.5 382 47 276 8.2 47.3 178 18 149 1.1 9.6 375 61 237 13.5 60.0
2004 . . . 1,427 500 69 358 12.3 61.0 373 46 273 8.1 46.1 178 18 149 1.1 9.7 377 61 242 13.6 60.2
2005 . . . 1,389 493 69 353 12.4 57.9 363 45 266 7.8 44.5 180 18 151 1.0 9.8 354 60 225 13.4 55.6
2006 . . . 1,385 505 69 365 12.5 58.5 350 44 255 7.6 43.2 180 18 151 1.1 10.0 349 58 223 12.8 55.8
2007 . . . 1,380 522 71 379 13.0 58.8 338 44 244 7.6 42.2 186 18 156 1.1 10.5 333 54 214 11.8 53.4
1 2
Includes cadets, midshipmen, and others not shown separately. Beginning 1980, excludes Navy Reserve personnel on active duty for Training and Administration of Reserves (TARS).
Source: U.S. Dept. of Defense, Selected Manpower Statistics, annual. See also <http://siadapp.dmdc.osd.mil.html>.
Table 495. U.S. Military Personnel on Active Duty in Selected Foreign
Countries: 1995 to 2007
[As of September 30]
Table 496. Military Personnel on Active Duty by Rank or Grade: 1990 to 2007
[In thousands (2,043.7 represents 2,043,700). As of Sept. 30]
Table 498. U.S. Active Duty Military Deaths by Manner of Death: 1980 to 2007
[As of December 31. 2007 data are preliminary]
1980−
Manner of death
2007 1980 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Deaths, total. . . . . . . 42,312 2,392 1,507 1,040 758 891 999 1,410 1,873 1,941 1,882 1,950
Accident . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,014 1,556 880 538 397 434 543 576 605 649 559 544
Hostile action . . . . . . . . . 2,841 − − − − 3 18 344 739 739 769 846
Homicide . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,104 174 74 67 34 49 54 43 45 52 46 42
Illness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,537 419 277 174 139 187 195 234 272 289 252 227
Pending. . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 − − − − − − 1 3 5 25 70
Self-inflicted . . . . . . . . . . 5,822 231 232 250 151 141 163 187 201 181 210 204
Terrorist attack . . . . . . . . 428 1 1 7 17 55 − − − − − −
Undetermined . . . . . . . . . 532 11 43 4 20 22 26 25 8 26 21 17
Deaths per 100,000 of
personnel strength. . . . (X) 110.7 66.8 62.5 49.5 57.4 61.4 81.4 109.4 116.7 116.8 111.3
Accident . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 72.0 39.0 32.4 25.9 28.0 33.4 33.2 35.3 39.0 34.7 33.8
Hostile action . . . . . . . . . (X) − − − − 0.2 1.1 19.9 43.2 44.4 47.7 52.6
Homicide . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 8.1 3.3 4.0 2.2 3.2 3.3 2.5 2.6 3.1 2.9 2.6
Illness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 19.4 12.3 10.5 9.1 12.0 12.0 13.5 15.9 17.4 15.6 14.1
Pending. . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) − − − − − − 0.1 0.2 0.3 1.6 4.4
Self-inflicted . . . . . . . . . . (X) 10.7 10.3 15.0 9.9 9.1 10.0 10.8 11.7 10.9 13.0 12.7
Terrorist attack . . . . . . . . (X) − − 0.4 1.1 3.5 − − − − − −
Undetermined . . . . . . . . . (X) 0.5 1.9 0.2 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.4 0.5 1.6 1.3 1.1
− Represents zero. X Not applicable.
U.S. Department of Defense, ‘‘Military Casualty Information’’; <http://siadapp.dmdc.osd.mil/personnel/CASUALTY/castop.htm>.
Table 500. Ready Reserve Personnel by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex:
1990 to 2007
[In thousands (1,658.7 represents 1,658,700). As of September 30]
Race Sex
Year Officer Enlisted
American
1 2
Total White Black Asian Indian Hispanic Male Female Male Female
1990 . . . 1,658.7 1,304.6 272.3 14.9 7.8 83.1 226.8 40.5 1,204.7 186.7
1995 . . . 1,648.4 1,267.7 274.5 22.0 8.8 96.2 209.9 44.7 1,196.8 196.9
1996 . . . 1,536.6 1,179.0 249.8 21.5 8.6 93.1 196.9 43.6 1,108.8 187.4
1997 . . . 1,451.0 1,113.7 230.6 21.7 8.4 91.5 188.7 43.2 1,037.6 181.5
1998 . . . 1,353.4 1,033.9 210.4 21.7 7.8 88.2 175.9 40.3 964.1 173.1
1999 . . . 1,288.8 980.0 202.6 22.6 7.6 88.9 166.2 38.4 911.2 173.1
2000 . . . 1,251.5 942.2 199.6 26.7 8.4 91.8 159.4 36.9 879.9 175.3
2001 . . . 1,224.1 912.7 198.4 27.9 8.5 94.3 158.0 36.6 852.2 177.3
2002 . . . 1,199.3 891.3 193.2 27.9 8.8 96.0 152.1 35.6 835.2 176.4
2003 . . . 1,167.1 865.7 187.5 25.4 8.5 98.0 145.1 34.0 813.7 174.3
2004 . . . 1,145.0 845.3 181.3 26.2 9.1 100.2 141.9 33.6 799.7 169.8
2005 . . . 1,113.4 825.4 169.9 26.9 9.5 99.8 139.2 33.3 778.0 162.9
2006 . . . 1,101.6 822.4 163.5 27.7 10.1 101.1 136.7 33.1 769.4 162.3
2007 . . . 1,088.6 818.1 156.6 28.1 10.8 102.7 130.0 31.8 766.5 160.2
1 2
Includes other races not shown separately. Persons of Hispanic origin may be any race.
Source: U.S. Department of Defense, DoD Personnel and Procurement Statistics, Personnel, Publications, Atlas/Data
Abstract for the United States and Selected Areas, annual; <http://siadapp.dmdc.osd.mil>.
Wartime veterans
Age Total Gulf Vietnam Korean World Peacetime
1
veterans Total War 2 era conflict War II veterans
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,816 17,739 4,966 7,884 2,961 2,912 6,077
Under 35 years old . . . . . . 1,900 1,894 1,894 − − − 6
35 to 39 years old. . . . . . . 1,259 1,064 1,064 − − − 196
40 to 44 years old. . . . . . . 1,578 727 727 − − − 851
45 to 49 years old. . . . . . . 1,876 556 535 23 − − 1,320
50 to 54 years old. . . . . . . 1,950 1,155 364 883 − − 796
55 to 59 years old. . . . . . . 2,718 2,540 237 2,453 − − 179
60 to 64 years old. . . . . . . 3,233 3,003 105 2,981 − − 230
65 years old and over . . . . 9,302 6,802 41 1,545 2,961 2,912 2,500
Female, total. . . . . . . . . . 1,780 1,226 795 258 71 137 555
− Represents or rounds to zero. 1 Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are counted only once in the
total. 2 Service from August 2, 1990 to the present.
Source: U.S. Dept. of Veterans Affairs, VetPop 2007, VA Office of the Actuary. <http://www1.va.gov/vetdata/page.cfm?pg=15>.
Period of service and veteran status 1990 1995 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,584 3,330 3,236 3,285 3,369 3,432 3,503 3,582
Living veterans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,746 2,669 2,672 2,745 2,832 2,899 2,973 3,056
Service-connected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,184 2,236 2,308 2,398 2,485 2,556 2,637 2,726
Nonservice-connected . . . . . . . . . . . 562 433 364 347 347 343 336 330
Deceased veterans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 838 662 564 540 538 533 530 527
Service-connected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 307 307 310 314 318 323 326
Nonservice-connected . . . . . . . . . . . 518 355 257 230 224 215 207 201
Prior to World War I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 1 1 1 (Z) (Z) (Z)
Living . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)
World War I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 89 34 23 19 16 13 11
Living . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)
World War II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,723 1,307 968 856 813 766 718 674
Living . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,294 961 676 583 546 506 466 430
Korean conflict 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390 368 323 308 306 302 295 290
Living . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 290 255 243 241 237 231 226
Vietnam era 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 774 868 969 1,052 1,120 1,172 1,218 1,260
Living . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685 766 848 922 983 1,028 1,068 1,104
Gulf War 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 138 334 431 490 552 630 716
Living . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 134 326 421 479 540 617 701
Peacetime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495 559 607 613 620 624 627 631
Living . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444 514 567 575 583 587 591 596
X Not applicable. Z Fewer than 500. 1 Service during period June 27, 1950, to January 31, 1955. 2 Service from August
5, 1964, to May 7, 1975. 3 Service from August 2, 1990 to the present.
Source: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 1990 to 1995, Annual Report of the Secretary of Veterans Affairs; beginning
2000, Annual Accountablility Report and unpublished data; <http://www1.va.gov/vetdata/>.
Dominican
Year Total Haiti Republic China 1
Cuba Mexico Ecuador Other
2000 . . . . . 4,210 1,113 499 261 1,000 49 1,244 44
2002 . . . . . 4,104 1,486 177 80 666 32 1,608 55
2003 . . . . . 6,068 2,013 1,748 15 1,555 − 703 34
2004 . . . . . 10,899 3,229 5,014 68 1,225 86 1,189 88
2005 . . . . . 9,455 1,850 3,612 32 2,712 55 1,149 45
2006 . . . . . 7,886 1,198 3,011 31 2,810 52 693 167
2007 . . . . . 6,338 1,610 1,469 73 2,868 26 125 46
1
− Represents zero. See footnote 2, Table 1288.
Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security, United States Coast Guard, Fact File, Migrant Statistics. <http://www.uscg.mil/hq
/g-cp/comrel/factfile/>; (accessed 22 March 2008).
Total domestic value of IPR seizures ($1,000) 1 ........ 94,019 138,768 93,235 155,369 196,754
Selected IPR commodities seized by value:
Footwear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,555 2,049 8,941 63,446 77,781
Wearing apparel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,889 51,737 16,100 24,321 27,006
Handbags/wallets/backpacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,458 23,190 14,955 14,750 14,214
Computers/hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 1,684 4,799 14,288 9,337
Consumer electronics 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,780 8,880 8,794 7,057 16,042
Watches/parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,384 2,543 3,071 2,832 13,356
Media 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,358 5,050 (NA) 6,965 7,884
All others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,595 43,636 36,576 21,710 31,134
NA Not available. 1 Domestic value is the cost of the seized goods, plus the costs of shipping and importing the goods into
the U.S. and an amount for profit. 2 Consumer electronics includes cell phones and accessories, radios, power strips, electrical
tools, and appliances. 3 Includes motion pictures on tape, laser disc, and DVD; interactive and computer software on CD-ROM
and floppy discs; and music on CD or tape.
Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Customs and Border Protection, ‘‘Import, Commercial Enforcement,
Intellectual Property Rights, Seizure Statistics’’; <http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/trade/priority_trade/ipr/seizure/trading>.
This section presents data related to gov- dependents of retired workers. Disability
ernmental expenditures for social insur- benefits are provided at age 50 to the dis-
ance and human services; governmental abled widow or widower of a deceased
programs for old-age, survivors, disabil- worker who was fully insured at the time
ity, and health insurance (OASDHI); gov- of death. Disabled children, aged 18 or
ernmental employee retirement; private older, of retired, disabled, or deceased
pension plans; government unemploy- workers are also eligible for benefits. A
ment and temporary disability insurance; lump-sum benefit is generally payable on
federal supplemental security income the death of an insured worker to a
payments and aid to the needy; child and spouse or minor children. For information
other welfare services; and federal food on the Medicare program, see Section 3,
programs. Also included here are selected Health and Nutrition.
data on workers’ compensation and voca-
tional rehabilitation, child support, child Retirement, survivors, disability, and hos-
care, charity contributions, and philan- pital insurance benefits are funded by a
thropic trusts and foundations. payroll tax on annual earnings (up to a
maximum of earnings set by law) of
The principal source for these data is the workers, employers, and the self-
Social Security Administration’s Annual employed. The maximum taxable earn-
Statistical Supplement to the Social Secu- ings are adjusted annually to reflect
rity Bulletin which presents current data increasing wage levels (see Table 525).
on many of the programs. Effective January 1994, there is no dollar
limit on wages and self-employment
Social insurance under the Social income subject to the hospital insurance
Security Act—Programs established by tax. Tax receipts and benefit payments
the Social Security Act provide protection are administered through federal trust
against wage loss resulting from retire- funds. Special benefits for uninsured per-
ment, prolonged disability, death, or sons; hospital benefits for persons aged
unemployment, and protection against 65 and over with specified amounts of
the cost of medical care during old age social security coverage less than that
and disability. The federal OASDI program required for cash benefit eligibility; and
provides monthly benefits to retired or that part of the cost of supplementary
disabled insured workers and their depen- medical insurance not financed by contri-
dents and to survivors of insured work- butions from participants are financed
ers. To be eligible, a worker must have from federal general revenues.
had a specified period of employment in
which OASDI taxes were paid. The age of Unemployment insurance is presently
eligibility for full retirement benefits had administered by the U.S. Employment
been 65 years old for many years. How- and Training Administration and each
ever, for persons born in 1938 or later state’s employment security agency. By
that age gradually increases until it agreement with the U.S. Secretary of
reaches age 67 for those born after 1959. Labor, state agencies also administer
Reduced benefits may be obtained as unemployment compensation for eligible
early as age 62. The worker’s spouse is ex-military personnel and federal employ-
under the same limitations. Survivor ben- ees. Under state unemployment insurance
efits are payable to dependents of laws, benefits related to the individual’s
deceased insured workers. Disability ben- past earnings are paid to unemployed eli-
efits are payable to an insured worker gible workers. State laws vary concerning
under full retirement age with a pro- the length of time benefits are paid and
longed disability and to the disabled their amount. In most states, benefits are
worker’s dependents on the same basis as payable for 26 weeks and, during periods
Source and sector 1960 1970 1980 1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
All benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 35 108 422 1,027 1,492 1,696 1,786 1,908 2,067 2,244 2,383 2,532 2,667 2,841
Retirement income benefits . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15 51 202 482 661 775 813 863 918 974 1,020 1,068 1,103 1,167
Social Security Old-Age,
Survivors, and Disability Insurance. . . . .. 10 31 119 244 328 369 380 401 425 447 463 485 513 544
Private employer pension and profit
sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2 7 35 136 191 236 253 270 289 309 320 332 322 332
Public employer retirement plans. . . . . . .. 4 12 48 102 142 169 180 192 204 219 236 251 269 291
Federal civilian employee retirement 1 . .. 1 3 16 32 40 46 47 50 52 53 55 58 62 67
State and local government
retirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 15 41 66 84 92 100 110 121 132 141 151 165
Military retirement 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 13 22 28 32 32 33 35 36 41 43 46 49
Railroad retirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 5 7 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 10
Health benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 22 99 300 454 517 545 597 645 702 761 832 903 1,015
Medicare hospital insurance and
supplementary medical insurance . . . . . . − 7 36 108 179 206 209 220 244 261 278 303 333 402
Group health insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 15 62 191 274 310 335 376 400 439 481 527 568 610
Military health insurance 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . − − − 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3
Other employee benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 17 51 88 103 106 112 113 130 157 161 147 147 150
Unemployment insurance 4 . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 16 18 22 20 21 20 32 54 53 36 32 30
Workers’ compensation 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 13 38 43 44 46 48 52 54 55 56 56 57
Group life insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 7 12 16 18 20 17 17 18 19 18 20 20
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Miscellaneous disability 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . − 1 3 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5
Veterans’ benefits 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 7 13 16 19 21 22 23 25 28 30 32 35 38
Public assistance 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 18 70 157 275 299 318 336 374 412 441 485 514 510
− Represents or rounds to zero. 1 Consists of civil service, foreign service, Public Health Service officers, Tennessee Valley Authority, and several small retirement programs. 2 Includes the U.S. Coast Guard.
3
Consists of payments for medical services for dependents of active duty military personnel at nonmilitary facilities. 4 Consists of state, railroad employee, and federal employee unemployment benefits; special
unemployment benefits; and supplemental unemployment benefits. 5 Includes payments from private, federal, and state and local workers’ compensation funds. 6 Includes federal black-lung payments and payments
from state and local temporary disability insurance. 7 Consists of pension and disability, readjustment, and other veterans’ benefits. 8 Consists of federal benefits (food stamp benefits, Supplemental Security Income,
direct relief, earned income credit, payments to nonprofit institutions, aid to students, and payments for medical services for retired military personnel and their dependents at nonmilitary facilities) and state benefits
(medical care, Aid to Families with Dependent Children, Supplemental Security Income, general assistance, energy assistance, emergency assistance, and medical insurance premium payments on behalf of indigents).
Financed from state and federal general revenues.
Source: Employee Benefit Research Institute, Washington, DC, EBRI Databook on Employee Benefits, Twelfth Edition, and unpublished data (copyright). EBRI tabulations based on U.S. Department of Commerce,
Bureau of Economic Analysis. See also <http://www.ebri.org/publications/books/index.cfm?fa=databook>.
Table 520. Government Transfer Payments to Individuals—Summary:
1980 to 2006
[In billions of dollars (263.4 represents $263,400,000,000)]
Federal
Retirement Income Unem- education
Year & disability mainte- ployment & training
insurance Medical nance insurance Veterans assistance
Total benefits payments benefits benefits benefits payments 1 Other 2
2006
Retire- Federal
State ment & Income Unem- education
disability mainte- ployment & training
2000, 2005, insurance Medical nance insurance Veterans’ assistance
total total Total benefits payments benefits benefits benefits payments 1 Other 2
U.S. . . . 1,018,106 1,448,181 1,548,090 578,681 719,561 160,773 30,898 39,065 15,909 3,203
SC. . . . . . 14,340 21,254 22,927 9,117 9,707 2,660 379 812 235 16
SD. . . . . . 2,490 3,439 3,787 1,541 1,675 304 26 151 54 34
TN. . . . . . 21,864 31,106 32,379 12,540 14,400 3,725 455 931 300 28
TX . . . . . . 59,911 91,277 98,206 34,242 45,010 12,661 1,247 3,556 1,253 235
UT. . . . . . 4,962 7,270 7,934 3,496 3,231 690 102 207 195 13
VT . . . . . . 2,245 3,242 3,582 1,277 1,784 311 85 93 30 2
VA . . . . . . 19,916 29,473 32,319 13,428 13,365 3,487 381 1,328 314 15
WA . . . . . 20,817 28,339 30,528 13,123 12,444 2,707 771 1,170 281 33
WV . . . . . 8,894 11,635 12,524 5,181 5,434 1,180 164 438 121 5
WI . . . . . . 17,902 24,838 26,286 11,407 10,952 2,223 811 645 230 17
WY . . . . . 1,583 2,280 2,495 1,154 1,035 161 32 82 28 3
1
Excludes veterans. Consists largely of federal fellowship payments (National Science Foundation, fellowships and
traineeships, subsistence payments to state maritime academy cadets, and other federal fellowships), interest subsidy on higher
education loans, basic educational opportunity grants, and Job Corps payments. 2 Consists largely of Bureau of Indian Affairs
payments, education exchange payments, Alaska Permanent Fund dividend payments, compensation of survivors of public safety
officers, compensation of victims of crime, disaster relief payments, compensation for Japanese internment, and other special
payments to individuals.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, ‘‘Regional Accounts Data, Annual State Personal Income’’; <http://www.bea.gov/bea
/regional/spi/>; (accessed March 2008).
Total 65
Source of income persons Under 65 years old Hispanic
1 2
with income years old and over White Black origin 3
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208,491 173,670 34,821 171,629 23,274 25,448
In household in
In household In household In household which one or Lived in public
that received that received that received more persons or authorized
means-tested means-tested food stamps were covered housing
Age, sex, and race Total assistance 1 cash assistance by Medicaid
Num- Per- Num- Per- Num- Per- Num- Per- Num- Per-
ber cent ber cent ber cent ber cent ber cent
Total . . . . . . . . . . 296,450 77,058 26.0 17,056 5.8 21,780 7.3 60,453 20.4 10,250 3.5
Under 18 years . . . . . . 73,727 28,988 39.3 5,111 6.9 9,421 12.8 22,638 30.7 3,773 5.1
18 to 24 years . . . . . . . 28,405 7,706 27.1 1,605 5.7 2,275 8.0 6,331 22.3 1,095 3.9
25 to 34 years . . . . . . . 39,868 10,948 27.5 1,977 5.0 3,186 8.0 8,778 22.0 1,283 3.2
35 to 44 years . . . . . . . 42,762 10,149 23.7 2,093 4.9 2,502 5.9 7,663 17.9 1,000 2.3
45 to 54 years . . . . . . . 43,461 8,000 18.4 2,342 5.4 1,879 4.3 6,311 14.5 931 2.1
55 to 59 years . . . . . . . 18,221 2,812 15.4 1,074 5.9 711 3.9 2,222 12.2 353 1.9
60 to 64 years . . . . . . . 13,970 2,235 16.0 907 6.5 566 4.1 1,814 13.0 370 2.7
65 years and over . . . . 36,035 6,221 17.3 1,947 5.4 1,241 3.4 4,696 13.0 1,444 4.0
65 to 74 years . . . . . 18,998 3,253 17.1 1,033 5.4 684 3.6 2,551 13.4 644 3.4
75 years and over . . . 17,037 2,968 17.4 914 5.4 557 3.3 2,145 12.6 800 4.7
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145,486 35,475 24.4 7,535 5.2 9,347 6.4 27,888 19.2 4,053 2.8
Female. . . . . . . . . . . . 150,964 41,582 27.5 9,521 6.3 12,433 8.2 32,566 21.6 6,197 4.1
White alone 2 . . . . . . . 237,619 54,388 22.9 10,773 4.5 13,312 5.6 43,043 18.1 5,120 2.2
Black alone 2 . . . . . . . . 37,306 16,257 43.6 4,658 12.5 6,794 18.2 12,248 32.8 4,218 11.3
Asian alone 2. . . . . . . . 13,177 3,075 23.3 729 5.5 416 3.2 2,526 19.2 368 2.8
Hispanic 3 . . . . . . . . . . 44,784 21,145 47.2 3,239 7.2 4,824 10.8 16,390 36.6 1,943 4.3
White alone,
Non-Hispanic 2 . . . . . . 196,049 34,926 17.8 7,957 4.1 9,080 4.6 28,047 14.3 3,543 1.8
1
Means-tested assistance includes means-tested cash assistance, food stamps, Medicaid, and public or authorized
housing. 2 Refers to people who reported specific race and did not report any other race category. 3
People of Hispanic origin
may be of any race.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P60-231. See also <http://pubdb3.census.gov/macro/032007/pov
/new26_001.htm>.
Item Unit 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Workers with insured status 1 . . . . . Million . . . 164.7 173.6 185.8 188.2 190.3 192.0 193.7 196.2 198.5 200.8
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Million . . . 86.8 90.6 96.0 97.0 97.9 98.5 99.3 100.4 101.5 102.6
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Million . . . 77.9 83.1 89.9 91.2 92.4 93.4 94.4 95.7 96.9 98.2
Under 25 years . . . . . . . . . . . . Million . . . 21.2 18.8 20.8 21.2 21.1 20.6 20.2 20.2 20.2 20.2
25 to 34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . Million . . . 41.6 39.5 36.6 36.4 36.5 36.4 36.4 36.5 36.6 37.0
35 to 44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . Million . . . 36.5 40.7 42.6 42.4 42.1 41.8 41.4 41.1 40.7 40.1
45 to 54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . Million . . . 23.0 29.7 36.1 36.9 37.8 38.6 39.5 40.4 41.2 41.9
55 to 59 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . Million . . . 8.9 9.9 12.3 13.2 14.0 14.7 15.4 16.3 16.8 17.1
60 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . Million . . . 8.8 8.6 9.6 10.0 10.5 11.1 11.4 11.9 12.5 13.4
65 to 69 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . Million . . . 8.1 8.0 7.9 8.0 8.2 8.5 8.7 8.9 9.2 9.7
70 years and over . . . . . . . . . . Million . . . 16.5 18.5 19.8 20.0 20.2 20.4 20.6 20.9 21.2 21.4
Workers reported with—
Taxable earnings 2 . . . . . . . . . . Million . . . 133 141 155 155 154 155 156 159 161 163
Maximum earnings 2 . . . . . . . . . Million . . . 8 8 10 9 8 8 9 10 10 10
Earnings in covered
employment 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . 2,716 3,407 4,840 4,940 4,954 5,091 5,389 5,700 6,062 6,405
Reported taxable 2 . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . 2,359 2,920 4,009 4,171 4,250 4,355 4,553 4,766 5,048 5,300
Percent of total . . . . . . . . . . . Percent . . 86.8 85.7 82.8 84.4 85.8 85.5 84.5 83.6 83.3 82.8
Average per worker:
Total earnings 2 . . ...... . . Dollars . . 20,385 24,157 31,303 31,909 32,105 32,934 34,487 35,868 37,601 39,250
Taxable earnings 2 ...... . . Dollars . . 17,703 20,702 25,926 26,939 27,539 28,174 29,142 29,991 31,313 32,480
Annual maximum taxable
3
earnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dollars . . 51,300 61,200 76,200 80,400 84,900 87,000 87,900 90,000 94,200 97,500
Contribution rates for OASDHI: 4
Each employer and employee. . . Percent . . 7.65 7.65 7.65 7.65 7.65 7.65 7.65 7.65 7.65 7.65
Self-employed 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent . . 15.30 15.30 15.30 15.30 15.30 15.30 15.30 15.30 15.30 15.30
SMI, monthly premium 6 . . . . . . . . Dollars . . 28.60 46.10 45.50 50.00 54.00 58.70 66.60 78.20 88.50 93.50
1 2
Estimated number fully insured for retirement and/or survivor benefits as of end of year. Includes self-employment.
Averages per worker computed with unrounded earnings and worker amounts, thus may not agree with rounded table amounts.
3 4
Beginning 1995, upper limit on earnings subject to HI taxes was repealed. As of January 1, 2006, each employee and
employer pays 7.65 percent and the self-employed pay 15.3 percent. 5 Self-employed pays 15.3 percent, and half of the tax is
6
deductible for income tax purposes and for computing self-employment income subject to social security tax. As of
January 1.
Source: U.S. Social Security Administration, Annual Statistical Supplement to the Social Security Bulletin; and unpublished
data. See also <http://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/statcomps/supplement/2007/>.
Type of beneficiary 1990 1995 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Number of benefits 1 (1,000) . . 39,832 43,387 44,596 45,415 45,878 46,444 47,038 47,688 48,434 49,123
Retired workers 2 (1,000) . . . . . . . . 24,838 26,673 27,775 28,499 28,837 29,190 29,532 29,953 30,461 30,971
Disabled workers 3 (1,000) . . . . . . . 3,011 4,185 4,879 5,042 5,274 5,544 5,874 6,198 6,519 6,812
Wives and husbands 2, 4 (1,000) . . . 3,367 3,290 2,987 2,963 2,899 2,833 2,773 2,722 2,680 2,632
Children (1,000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,187 3,734 3,795 3,803 3,839 3,910 3,961 3,986 4,025 4,041
Under age 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,497 2,956 2,970 2,976 2,994 3,043 3,080 3,097 3,130 3,133
Disabled children 5 . . . . . . . . . . 600 686 721 729 737 745 753 759 769 777
Students 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 92 104 98 109 123 128 130 127 131
Of retired workers . . . . . . . . . . . 422 442 442 459 467 477 480 483 488 490
Of deceased workers . . . . . . . . . 1,776 1,884 1,885 1,878 1,890 1,908 1,910 1,905 1,903 1,899
Of disabled workers . . . . . . . . . . 989 1,409 1,468 1,466 1,482 1,526 1,571 1,599 1,633 1,652
Widowed mothers 7 (1,000) . . . . . . 304 275 212 203 197 194 190 184 178 171
Widows and widowers 2, 8 (1,000) . . 5,111 5,226 4,944 4,901 4,828 4,771 4,707 4,643 4,569 4,494
Parents 2 (1,000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2
Special benefits 9 (1,000) . . . . . . . . 7 1 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)
AVERAGE MONTHLY BENEFIT,
CURRENT DOLLARS
Retired workers 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603 720 804 844 874 895 922 955 1,002 1,044
Retired worker and wife 2 . . . . . . 1,027 1,221 1,357 1,420 1,466 1,494 1,535 1,586 1,660 1,726
Disabled workers 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . 587 682 754 786 814 834 862 894 938 978
Wives and husbands 2, 4 . . . . . . . . 298 354 398 416 430 439 450 464 485 502
Children of retired workers . . . . . . . 259 322 373 395 413 426 444 465 493 518
Children of deceased workers . . . . . 406 469 526 550 571 585 603 625 656 684
Children of disabled workers . . . . . . 164 183 216 228 238 245 254 265 279 290
Widowed mothers 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 478 566 595 621 640 664 689 725 757
Widows and widowers,
nondisabled 2 . . . . . . . . . . . .... 556 680 775 810 841 861 888 920 967 1,007
Parents 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 482 591 674 704 729 753 779 810 851 892
Special benefits 9 . . . . . . . . . .... 167 192 209 217 224 227 232 238 247 256
AVERAGE MONTHLY BENEFIT,
CONSTANT (2006) DOLLARS 10
Retired workers 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909 947 964 979 999 998 1,010 1,013 1,027 1,044
Retired worker and wife 2 . . . . . . 1,549 1,605 1,627 1,647 1,674 1,667 1,681 1,682 1,702 1,726
Disabled workers 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . 885 897 904 912 930 930 943 948 962 978
Wives and husbands 2, 4 . . . . . . . . 449 465 477 482 491 490 493 492 497 502
Children of deceased workers . . . . . 612 617 631 638 652 653 660 663 673 684
Widowed mothers 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . 617 628 679 690 709 714 727 731 743 757
Widows and widowers,
nondisabled 2 . . . . . . . . . . . .... 839 894 929 939 960 960 972 976 991 1,007
Number of benefits awarded
(1,000). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,717 3,882 3,917 4,290 4,162 4,336 4,322 4,459 4,672 4,621
Retired workers 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,665 1,609 1,690 1,961 1,779 1,813 1,791 1,883 2,000 1,999
Disabled workers 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . 468 646 620 622 691 750 777 796 830 799
Wives and husbands 2, 4 . . . . . . . . 379 322 322 385 358 363 353 367 379 378
Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695 809 773 777 796 846 852 859 908 897
Widowed mothers 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 52 42 40 41 41 39 40 38 36
Widows and widowers 2, 8 . . . . . . . 452 445 470 505 496 523 508 514 517 512
Parents 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)
Special benefits 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)
BENEFIT PAYMENTS DURING
YEAR (bil. dol.)
Total 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247.8 332.6 385.8 407.6 431.9 453.8 470.8 493.3 520.8 552.8
Monthly benefits 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . 247.6 332.4 385.6 407.4 431.7 453.6 470.6 493.1 520.6 552.6
Retired workers 2 . . . . . . . . . . . 156.8 205.3 238.5 253.5 269.0 281.6 291.5 304.3 321.7 342.9
Disabled workers 3 . . . . . . . . . . 22.1 36.6 46.5 49.8 54.2 59.9 64.8 71.7 78.4 85.0
Wives and husbands 2, 4 . . . . . . . 14.5 17.9 18.8 19.4 19.9 20.3 20.4 20.6 20.5 21.5
Children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.0 16.1 18.6 19.3 20.4 21.5 22.3 23.3 24.5 25.8
Under age 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 11.9 13.6 14.1 14.8 15.7 16.2 17.0 17.9 18.8
Disabled children 5 . . . . . . . . . 2.5 3.6 4.4 4.6 4.8 5.1 5.2 5.5 5.8 6.1
Students 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.0
Of retired workers . . . . . . . . . 1.3 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.1
Of deceased workers . . . . . . . 8.6 10.7 12.1 12.5 13.1 13.7 14.1 14.5 15.1 15.8
Of disabled workers . . . . . . . . 2.2 3.7 4.4 4.7 4.9 5.3 5.7 6.1 6.5 6.9
Widowed mothers 7 . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6
Widows and widowers 2, 8 . . . . . . 40.7 54.8 61.8 63.9 66.8 68.8 70.1 71.7 73.4 75.9
Parents 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)
Special benefits 9 . . . . . . . . . . . (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)
Lump sum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Z Fewer than 500 or less than $50 million. 1 Number of benefit payments in current-payment status, i.e., actually being made
2
at a specified time with no deductions or with deductions amounting to less than a month’s benefit. 62 years and over.
3
Disabled workers under age 65. 4 Includes wife beneficiaries with entitled children in their care and entitled divorced wives.
5
18 years old and over. Disability began before age 18. 6 Full-time students aged 18 and 19. 7 Includes surviving divorced
8
mothers with entitled children in their care and widowed fathers with entitled children in their care. Includes widows aged
60−61, surviving divorced wives aged 60 and over, disabled widows and widowers aged 50 and over; and widowers aged 60−61.
9
Benefits for persons aged 72 and over not insured under regular or transitional provisions of Social Security Act. 10 Constant
dollar figures are based on the consumer price index (CPI-U) for December as published by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
11
Represents total disbursements of benefit checks by the U.S. Department of the Treasury during the years specified.
12
Distribution by type estimated.
Source: U.S. Social Security Administration, Annual Statistical Supplement to the Social Security Bulletin; and unpublished
data. See also <http://www.ssa.gov/policy/>.
Type of trust fund 1990 1995 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Old-age and survivors insurance
(OASI):
Net contribution income 1 . . . . . . . 272.4 310.1 433.0 468.1 468.6 487.4 520.7 534.8 560.9
Interest received 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.4 32.8 57.5 71.2 75.2 79.0 84.0 91.8 97.0
Benefit payments 3 . . . . . . . . . . . 223.0 291.6 352.7 388.1 399.8 415.0 435.4 454.5 489.1
Assets, end of year . . . . . . . . . . . 214.2 458.5 931.0 1,217.5 1,355.3 1,500.6 1,663.0 1,844.3 2,023.6
2006,
Retirement plan Unit 1980 1990 1995 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 proj.
TOTAL PARTICIPANTS 1
Federal retirement systems:
Defined benefit:
Civil Service Retirement System. . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . 4,629 4,167 3,731 3,256 3,201 3,133 3,035 2,958 2,878
Federal Employees Retirement System 2 . . 1,000 . . . (X) 1,180 1,512 1,935 2,019 2,140 2,104 2,196 2,290
Military Service Retirement System 3 . . . . . 1,000 . . . 3,380 3,763 3,387 3,397 3,453 3,457 3,545 3,536 3,560
Thrift Savings Plan 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . (X) 1,625 2,195 2,500 3,000 3,200 3,400 3,600 3,700
State and local retirement systems 5, 6 . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . (NA) 16,858 14,734 16,834 17,264 17,650 17,890 17,932 18,484
ACTIVE PARTICIPANTS
Federal retirement systems:
Defined benefit:
Civil Service Retirement System. . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . 2,700 1,826 1,525 978 906 854 788 722 650
Federal Employees Retirement System 2 . . 1,000 . . . (X) 1,136 1,318 1,668 1,717 1,808 1,882 1,952 2,014
Military Service Retirement System 3 . . . . . 1,000 . . . 2,050 2,130 1,572 1,437 1,465 1,468 1,480 1,445 1,443
Thrift Savings Plan 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . (X) 1,419 1,930 1,900 2,300 2,400 2,500 2,800 2,600
State and local retirement systems 5, 6 . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . (NA) 11,345 12,524 13,917 14,123 14,249 14,181 14,116 14,529
ASSETS
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . 258 1,047 1,655 2,950 3,016 3,092 3,472 3,697 4,023
Federal retirement systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . 73 326 537 782 858 920 977 1,039 1,111
Defined benefit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . 73 318 502 684 756 791 825 866 904
Civil Service Retirement System. . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . 73 220 311 395 417 425 433 440 442
Federal Employees Retirement System 2 . . Bil. dol. . . (X) 18 60 126 162 183 204 228 254
Military Service Retirement System 3 . . . . . Bil. dol. . . (7) 80 131 163 177 183 188 198 208
Thrift Savings Plan 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . (X) 8 35 98 102 129 152 173 207
State and local retirement systems 5 . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . 185 721 1,118 2,168 2,158 2,172 2,495 2,658 2,912
CONTRIBUTIONS
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . 83 103 127 143 151 161 187 189 205
Federal retirement systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . 19 61 67 78 85 86 95 98 108
Defined benefit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . 19 59 61 69 73 72 79 82 88
Civil Service Retirement System. . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . 19 28 31 33 34 29 34 33 34
Federal Employees Retirement System 2 . . Bil. dol. . . (X) 4 6 8 10 11 13 13 15
Military Service Retirement System 3 . . . . . Bil. dol. . . (7) 27 24 28 30 32 32 38 39
Thrift Savings Plan 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . (X) 2 6 9 12 14 16 16 20
State and local retirement systems 5 . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . 64 42 60 65 66 75 92 91 97
BENEFITS
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . 39 89 125 172 196 211 226 240 257
Federal retirement systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . 27 53 66 81 86 89 93 99 105
Defined benefit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . 27 53 65 78 84 86 89 94 98
Civil Service Retirement System. . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . 15 31 37 44 47 48 50 52 54
Federal Employees Retirement System 2 . . Bil. dol. . . (X) (Z) 1 1 2 2 2 3 3
Military Service Retirement System 3 . . . . . Bil. dol. . . 12 22 28 33 35 36 37 39 41
Thrift Savings Plan 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . (X) (Z) 1 3 2 3 4 5 7
State and local retirement systems 5 . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . 12 36 59 91 110 122 133 141 152
NA Not available. X Not applicable. Z Less than $500 million. 1 Includes active, separated vested, retired employees
2 3
and survivors. The Federal Employees Retirement System was established June 6, 1986. Includes nondisability and
disability retirees, surviving families, and all active personnel with the exception of active reserves. 4 The Thrift Savings Plan (a
5
defined contribution plan) was established April 1, 1987. Excludes state and local plans that are fully supported by employee
6
contributions. Not adjusted for double counting of individuals participating in more than one plan. 7 The Military Retirement
System was unfunded until October 1, 1984.
Source: Employee Benefit Research Institute, Washington, DC, EBRI Databook on Employee Benefits, Twelfth Edition, and
unpublished data (copyright). See also <http://www.ebri.org/>.
Item Unit 1980 1990 1995 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Employees covered 1 . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . 2,720 2,945 2,668 2,764 2,662 2,670 2,674 2,611 2,618
Annuitants, total . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . 1,675 2,143 2,311 2,376 2,389 2,404 2,433 2,449 2,463
Age and service . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . 905 1,288 1,441 1,501 1,523 1,544 1,568 1,602 1,625
Disability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . 343 297 263 242 234 231 229 226 222
Survivors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . 427 558 607 633 632 629 636 621 616
Receipts, total 2 . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol. . . 24,389 52,689 65,684 75,967 78,366 82,412 83,691 87,164 89,860
Employee contributions . . . . . Mil. dol. . . 3,686 4,501 4,498 4,637 4,522 4,483 4,353 4,304 4,205
Federal government
contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol. . . 15,562 27,368 33,130 37,722 36,583 42,240 43,093 46,427 48,397
Disbursements, total 3 . . . . . . . Mil. dol. . . 14,977 31,416 38,435 45,194 50,368 52,277 54,790 57,983 78,146
Age and service annuitants 4 . . Mil. dol. . . 12,639 26,495 32,070 37,546 42,018 43,727 46,029 48,895 68,776
Survivors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol. . . 1,912 4,366 5,864 7,210 7,951 8,127 8,338 8,642 8,905
Average monthly benefit:
Age and service . . . . . . . . . . Dollars . . . 992 1,369 1,643 1,885 2,085 2,154 2,240 2,363 2,473
Disability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dollars . . . 723 1,008 1,164 1,240 1,291 1,305 1,327 1,366 1,394
Survivors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dollars . . . 392 653 819 952 1,044 1,073 1,106 1,157 1,200
Cash and security holdings. . . . . Bil. dol. . . 73.7 238.0 366.2 508.1 601.7 631.8 660.8 690.0 701.7
1 2 3
Excludes employees in leave-without-pay status. Includes interest on investments. Includes refunds, death claims,
and administration. 4 Includes disability annuitants.
Source: U.S. Office of Personnel Management, Civil Service Retirement and Disability Trust Fund Annual Report.
Benefits and
Receipts withdrawals
Num-
Year and level of ber of Earn- Cash
Government
government benefi- Employee contributions ings on and
ciaries contri- invest- Ben- With- security
(1,000) Total butions State Local ments Total efits drawals holdings
1990: All systems . . . . . . 4,026 111.3 13.9 14.0 18.6 64.9 38.4 36.0 2.4 721
State-administered . . . . 3,232 89.2 11.6 14.0 11.5 52.0 29.6 27.6 2.0 575
Locally administered . . . 794 22.2 2.2 (Z) 7.0 12.9 8.8 8.4 0.4 145
1995: All systems . . . . . . 4,979 148.8 18.6 16.6 24.4 89.2 61.5 58.8 2.7 1,118
State-administered . . . . 4,025 123.3 15.7 16.2 15.4 76.0 48.0 45.8 2.2 914
Locally administered . . . 954 25.5 2.9 0.4 9.0 13.3 13.5 13.0 0.5 204
2000: All systems . . . . . . 6,292 297.0 25.0 17.5 22.6 231.9 95.7 91.3 4.4 2,169
State-administered . . . . 4,786 247.4 20.7 17.2 16.7 192.8 76.0 72.2 3.8 1,798
Locally administered . . . 1,506 49.7 4.3 0.4 5.9 39.1 19.8 19.1 0.7 371
2005: All systems . . . . . . 6,946 353.5 31.5 24.0 35.7 262.2 156.0 142.1 3.7 2,672
State-administered . . . . 5,846 293.4 26.8 23.6 22.1 220.9 126.8 115.2 3.1 2,226
Locally administered . . . 1,100 60.1 4.8 0.4 13.6 41.3 29.3 26.9 0.5 445
2006: All systems . . . . . . 7,301 392.8 32.7 26.4 38.1 295.6 166.3 152.1 4.1 2,912
State-administered . . . . 6,184 326.2 27.7 25.9 23.7 248.9 135.6 124.1 3.4 2,424
Locally administered . . . 1,117 66.5 5.0 0.5 14.3 46.7 30.7 28.0 0.7 488
Z Less than $50 million.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, through 1995, Finances of Employee-Retirement Systems of State and Local Governments,
Series GF, No. 2, annual; beginning 2000, ‘‘Federal, State, and Local Governments, State and Local Government Public Employee
Retirement Systems’’; <http://www.census.gov/govs/www/retire.html>.
Ser-
Goods vice 100
Feature
All White Blue Ser- pro- pro- 1−99 workers Non-
workers collar collar vice ducing ducing workers or more Union union
Plan provisions:
Benefits based on earnings . . . . . . . 53 56 43 73 39 59 48 54 37 61
Early retirement benefits available . . . 82 82 89 94 90 79 76 84 87 80
Availability of lump sum benefits at
retirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 64 34 57 40 59 49 54 40 59
Benefit formula:
Percent of terminal earnings . . . . . . . 39 46 10 41 32 42 27 42 21 48
Percent of career earnings . . . . . . . . 14 10 16 32 7 17 21 12 15 13
Dollar amount formula . . . . . . . . . . . 18 6 37 12 42 6 16 19 15 13
Percent of contribution formula . . . . . 4 3 7 (Z) 7 3 9 3 10 1
Cash balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 33 12 14 10 30 25 23 12 29
Pension equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 (Z) 3
Requirements for normal retirement 1:
No age requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 15 7 3 6 13 20 8 8 12
Less than 30 years of service . . . . 9 13 4 3 4 11 14 7 5 11
30 years of service . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 3 − 3 2 6 1 3 2
At age 55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 (Z) 2 1 1 1 2 1
At age 60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 8 10 16 7 10 8 10 14 7
At age 62 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 11 23 7 24 11 15 15 21 12
At age 65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 63 48 74 55 60 47 62 43 67
Sum of age plus service 2 . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 − 2 (Z) 1 1 1 1
1
− Represents or rounds to zero. Z Less than 0.5 percent. Normal retirement is defined as the point at which the
participant could retire and immediately receive all accrued benefits by virtue of service and earnings, without reduction due to age.
If a plan had alternative age and service requirements, the earliest age and associated service were tabulated; if one alternative
did not specify an age, it was the requirement tabulated. Some age and service requirements are not shown separately. 2 In
some plans, participants must also satisfy a minimum age or service requirement.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey: Employee Benefits in Private Industry in the United
States, 2006; and unpublished data.
Employer- Employer-
Year and Any Tradi- spon- Year and Any Tradi- spon-
characteristic type tional Roth sored characteristic type tional Roth sored
of IRA1 IRA IRA IRA2 of IRA1 IRA IRA IRA2
2000 . . . . . . . . . . 35.7 28.7 9.2 6.8 Total, 2007 . . . . 39.8 32.5 14.9 7.9
2001 . . . . . . . . . . 36.2 28.9 9.8 8.0
2002 . . . . . . . . . . 34.8 28.2 10.8 7.7 Under 35 years . . . 35.0 17.0 12.0 6.0
2003 . . . . . . . . . . 36.7 29.6 12.5 7.5 35 to 44 years . . . . 57.0 29.0 19.0 9.0
2004 . . . . . . . . . . 36.5 29.6 11.6 8.0 45 to 54 years . . . . 65.0 37.0 16.0 12.0
2005 . . . . . . . . . . 37.9 30.0 12.8 7.4 55 to 64 years . . . . 74.0 46.0 19.0 9.0
2006 . . . . . . . . . . 38.3 31.7 13.4 7.7 65 years and over. . 51.0 38.0 9.0 4.0
1
Excludes ownership of Coverdell Education Savings Accounts, which were referred to as Education IRAs before July
2001. 2 Employer-sponsored Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) include SIMPLE IRAs, Simplified Employee Pension IRAs
(SEP-IRAs), and SAR-SEP IRAs (SEP IRAs with salary reduction plans included).
Source: Investment Company Institute, Washington, DC, Research Fundamentals, ‘‘Appendix: Additional Data on IRA
Ownership in 2007’’; Vol 17, No. 1A, January 2008 (copyright). See also <http://www.ici.org/statements/fundamentals
/fm-v17n1appendix.pdf>.
PERCENT OF HOUSEHOLDS
Household has defined contribution account or
Defined benefit plan coverage (total)4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 79 87 51
Defined contribution retirement plan account . . . . . . . . . . . 70 69 80 42
Defined benefit plan coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 47 50 22
Item Unit 1990 1995 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Insured unemployment,
average weekly . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . . 2,522 2,572 2,110 3,585 3,531 2,950 2,661 2,475 2,571
Percent of covered
employment 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent . . . 2.4 2.3 1.7 2.8 2.8 2.3 2.1 1.9 2.0
Percent of civilian
unemployed . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent . . . 35.8 34.7 37.6 43.2 40.7 36.8 35.7 35.3 36.3
Unemployment benefits,
average weekly . . . . . . . . . . . . Dollars . . . 161 187 221 257 262 263 267 277 288
Percent of weekly wage . . . . . . Percent . . . 36.0 35.5 32.9 36.8 36.5 35.2 34.6 34.3 35.1
Weeks compensated. . . . . . . . . . Million . . . . 116.2 118.3 96.0 166.3 163.2 135.1 121.2 112.2 116.3
Beneficiaries, first payments . . . . . 1,000 . . . . 8,629 8,035 7,033 10,088 9,935 8,369 7,922 7,350 7,641
Average duration of benefits 2 . . . Weeks. . . . 13.4 14.7 13.7 16.5 16.4 16.1 15.3 15.2 15.3
Claimants exhausting benefits . . . 1,000 . . . . 2,323 2,662 2,144 4,416 4,417 3,532 2,856 2,676 2,670
Percent of first payment 3 . . . . . Percent . . . 29.4 34.3 31.8 42.5 43.4 39.0 35.9 35.4 35.3
Contributions collected 4 . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . . 15.2 22.0 19.9 19.7 25.3 31.2 34.8 34.1 34.5
Benefits paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . . 18.1 21.2 20.5 42.0 41.4 34.4 31.2 29.8 30.1
Funds available for benefits 5 . . . . Bil. dol. . . . 37.9 35.4 53.4 35.2 23.4 23.0 29.0 35.8 32.5
Average employer
contribution rate 6 . . . . . . . . . . . Percent . . . 1.95 2.44 1.75 1.80 2.20 2.68 2.86 2.68 2.61
1
Insured unemployment as percent of average covered employment in preceding year. 2 Weeks compensated divided by
first payment. 3 Based on first payments for 12-month period ending June 30. 4 Contributions from employers; also employees
in states which tax workers. 5 End of year. Sum of balances in state clearing accounts, benefit-payment accounts, and state
accounts in federal unemployment trust funds. 6 As percent of taxable wages.
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration, Unemployment Insurance Financial Data
Handbook. See also <http://www.ows.doleta.gov/unemploy/hb394.asp>.
Persons with work disability . . . . . . . . . . 19,963 9,626 10,337 15,097 3,695 2,247
16 to 24 years old. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,499 788 711 1,038 373 218
25 to 34 years old. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,272 1,061 1,211 1,666 465 318
35 to 44 years old. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,431 1,593 1,838 2,536 708 462
45 to 54 years old. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,748 2,768 2,981 4,372 1,028 593
55 to 64 years old. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,012 3,416 3,596 5,485 1121 656
Percent work disabled of total population . . . 10.2 10.0 10.5 9.7 15.2 7.9
16 to 24 years old. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 4.2 3.9 3.6 6.8 3.3
25 to 34 years old. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 5.4 6.1 5.4 9.0 3.9
35 to 44 years old. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 7.6 8.5 7.5 13.4 6.9
45 to 54 years old. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3 13.0 13.5 12.3 20.3 12.8
55 to 64 years old. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.8 22.1 21.5 20.2 34.9 24.9
Percent of work disabled—
Receiving social security income . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.7 33.7 33.7 34.9 30.9 24.8
Receiving food stamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.1 15.5 22.5 15.9 31.2 23.8
Covered by Medicaid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.4 68.4 62.6 68.2 54.7 54.3
Residing in public housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 5.7 7.8 5.1 13.3 7.7
Residing in subsidized housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 2.6 4.5 2.6 6.9 5.0
1
Includes other races not shown separately. 2Beginning with the 2003 Current Population Survey, respondents were asked
to choose one or more races. White alone refers to people who reported White and did not report any other race category. The
use of this single-race population does not imply that it is the preferred method of presenting or analyzing data. The Census Bureau
uses a variety of approaches. Information on people who reported more than one race, such as ‘‘White and American Indian and
Alaska Native’’ or ‘‘Asian and Black or African American,’’ is available from Census 2000 through American FactFinder®. About 2.6
percent of people reported more than one race in 2000. 3 Black alone refers to people who reported Black and did not report any
other race category. 4 Hispanic persons may be of any race.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, unpublished data.
Item 1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Workers covered (mil.) . . . . . . . . . . . 106 113 122 124 127 127 126 125 126 128
Premium amounts paid 1 . . . . . 53.1 57.1 53.4 55.8 60.1 66.6 73.4 82.0 86.8 88.8
Private carriers 1 . . . . . ..... . . . . . 35.1 31.6 30.4 33.4 35.7 37.8 41.4 45.3 48.0 50.9
State funds . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . 8.0 10.5 7.9 7.5 8.8 11.5 14.6 17.8 19.1 18.2
Federal programs 2. . . . ..... . . . . . 2.2 2.6 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.1
Self-insurers . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . 7.9 12.5 11.7 11.4 11.9 13.6 13.6 14.9 15.8 15.7
Annual benefits paid 1 . . . . . . . 38.2 42.1 44.0 46.3 47.7 50.8 52.4 55.1 56.1 55.3
By private carriers 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.2 20.1 23.6 26.4 26.9 27.9 28.2 28.6 28.1 28.1
From state funds 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 10.8 10.1 9.9 10.3 11.1 12.5 13.7 14.4 14.0
Employers’ self-insurance 4 . . . . . . . . 7.2 11.2 10.4 10.0 10.5 11.8 11.8 12.8 13.6 13.2
Type of benefit:
Medical/hospitalization . . . ....... 15.2 16.7 18.6 20.1 20.9 23.1 24.3 25.8 26.4 26.2
Compensation payments . ....... 23.1 25.4 25.4 26.3 26.8 27.7 28.1 29.2 29.7 29.1
Percent of covered payroll: 1
Workers’ compensation costs 5, 6 . . . 2.18 1.82 1.38 1.35 1.34 1.45 1.59 1.74 1.75 1.70
Benefits 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.53 1.34 1.13 1.12 1.06 1.10 1.14 1.17 1.13 1.06
1
Premium and benefit amounts include estimated payments under insurance policy deductible provisions. Deductible benefits
are allocated to private carriers and state funds. 2 Years 1990−1995 includes federal employer compensation program and that
portion of federal black lung benefits program financed from employer contributions. Years 1997−2002 includes federal employer
compensation program only due to changes in reporting methods. 3 Net cash and medical benefits paid by competitive and
exclusive state funds and by federal workers’ compensation programs. 4 Cash and medical benefits paid by self-insurers, plus
value of medical benefits paid by employers carrying workers’ compensation policies that exclude standard medical coverage.
5
Premiums written by private carriers and state funds, and benefits paid by self-insurers increased by 5−10 prior to 1995 and by
11 percent for 1995−2002 for administrative costs. Also includes benefits paid and administrative costs of federal system for
government employees. 6 Excludes programs financed from general revenue—black lung benefits and supplemental pensions
in some states.
Source: National Academy of Social Insurance, Washington, DC, Workers’ Compensation: Benefits, Coverage, and Costs,
annual. See also <http://www.nasi.org/>.
State 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 State 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005
Total . . . . . . . . 47,699 52,416 55,066 56,074 55,307 Montana . . . . . . . . . 155 196 217 223 239
Nebraska . . . . . . . . 230 266 267 283 298
Alabama . . . . . . . . . 529 565 580 576 609 Nevada . . . . . . . . . 347 316 329 359 394
Alaska . . . . . . . . . . 139 179 182 187 189 New Hampshire . . . . 177 213 221 212 217
Arizona. . . . . . . . . . 498 478 515 548 536 New Jersey . . . . . . . 1,378 1,382 1,660 1,479 1,608
Arkansas . . . . . . . . 214 217 224 227 208 New Mexico . . . . . . 144 176 189 196 231
California . . . . . . . . 9,449 10,974 12,410 12,460 10,938 New York . . . . . . . . 2,761 2,976 3,143 3,279 2,895
Colorado. . . . . . . . . 810 761 753 843 896 North Carolina . . . . . 865 994 1,077 1,160 1,398
Connecticut . . . . . . . 638 676 677 711 713 North Dakota . . . . . . 70 74 78 83 82
Delaware . . . . . . . . 118 137 156 157 168 Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . 2,099 2,388 2,442 2,435 2,447
Oklahoma . . . . . . . . 485 509 555 580 588
District of Columbia . 78 89 84 96 91
Florida . . . . . . . . . . 2,577 2,623 2,806 2,710 2,899
Oregon. . . . . . . . . . 425 504 498 534 551
Georgia . . . . . . . . . 965 917 981 1,114 1,198 Pennsylvania . . . . . . 2,379 2,479 2,565 2,594 2,678
Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . 231 268 275 271 251
Rhode Island . . . . . . 127 144 134 148 142
Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . 114 202 214 236 243
South Carolina. . . . . 515 593 657 688 770
Illinois . . . . . . . . . . 1,944 2,149 2,147 2,246 2,404
Indiana . . . . . . . . . . 545 547 564 595 610 South Dakota . . . . . 63 73 74 77 86
Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . 343 402 427 447 474 Tennessee . . . . . . . 774 722 783 819 880
Texas . . . . . . . . . . . 2,160 2,371 1,968 1,641 1,555
Kansas. . . . . . . . . . 323 342 296 371 383
Kentucky . . . . . . . . 584 692 717 720 706 Utah . . . . . . . . . . . 172 213 187 217 241
Vermont . . . . . . . . . 101 119 120 124 122
Louisiana . . . . . . . . 547 621 669 726 667 Virginia. . . . . . . . . . 597 630 706 753 854
Maine. . . . . . . . . . . 245 260 233 268 269 Washington . . . . . . . 1,527 1,716 1,801 1,836 1,864
Maryland . . . . . . . . 641 664 723 787 770 West Virginia . . . . . . 661 792 823 797 696
Massachusetts. . . . . 801 887 1,059 968 904 Wisconsin . . . . . . . . 765 900 844 1,039 1,188
Michigan. . . . . . . . . 1,474 1,512 1,477 1,517 1,474 Wyoming . . . . . . . . 89 107 114 120 117
Minnesota . . . . . . . . 798 921 885 931 946
Mississippi . . . . . . . 293 290 291 310 312 Federal total 1 . . . . . 2,957 3,154 3,185 3,256 3,258
Missouri . . . . . . . . . 780 1,033 1,081 1,120 1,051 Federal employees . . 2,119 2,317 2,368 2,445 2,462
1
Federal benefits include: those paid under the Federal Employees Compensation Act for civilian employees; the portion of
the Black Lung benefit program that is financed by employers; and a portion of benefits under the Longshore and Harbor Workers
Compensation Act that are not reflected in state data, namely, benefits paid by self-insured employers and by special funds under
the LHWCA. See Appendix H of source for more information about federal programs.
Source: National Academy of Social Insurance, Washington, DC, Workers’ Compensation: Benefits, Coverage, and Costs,
annual. See also <http://www.nasi.org/>.
Program Unit 1990 1995 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Recipients, total . . . . 1,000. . . . . 4,817 6,514 6,602 6,788 6,902 6,988 7,114 7,236
Aged . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 1,454 1,446 1,289 1,252 1,233 1,211 1,214 1,212
Blind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 84 84 79 78 77 76 75 73
Disabled . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000. . . . . 3,279 4,984 5,234 5,459 5,593 5,701 5,825 5,951
Payments, total 1 . . . . Mil. dol. . . . 16,133 27,037 30,672 33,719 34,693 36,065 37,236 38,889
Aged . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol. . . . 3,559 4,239 4,540 4,803 4,857 4,894 4,965 5,116
Blind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol. . . . 329 367 386 416 409 412 414 409
Disabled . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol. . . . 12,245 22,431 25,746 28,500 29,429 30,745 31,857 33,364
Average monthly
payment, total . . . . . Dollars . . . 276 335 379 407 417 428 439 455
Aged . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dollars . . . . 208 250 300 330 342 351 360 373
Blind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dollars . . . . 319 355 413 445 455 463 475 488
Disabled . . . . . . . . . . . . Dollars . . . . 303 358 398 425 433 444 455 471
1
Includes payments not distributed by reason for eligibility.
Source: U.S. Social Security Administration, Social Security Bulletin, quarterly and Annual Statistical Supplement to the Social
Security Bulletin. See also <http://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/statcomps/supplement/>.
2006 2006
State Expendi- State Expendi-
2000, 2005, tures on 2000, 2005, tures on
1 1
total total Total assistance total total Total assistance
U.S. . . . 24,781 25,444 25,594 11,287 MO . . . . . 321 299 323 122
AL . . . . . . 96 123 107 38 MT . . . . . . 44 44 43 21
AK . . . . . . 93 74 70 43 NE . . . . . . 79 78 92 63
AZ . . . . . . 261 299 309 144 NV . . . . . . 69 70 68 41
AR . . . . . . 139 67 74 15 NH . . . . . . 73 63 70 42
CA . . . . . . 6,481 5,882 6,280 3,979 NJ . . . . . . 321 858 586 104
CO. . . . . . 205 214 209 67 NM. . . . . . 149 127 109 77
CT . . . . . . 436 459 469 132 NY . . . . . . 3,512 3,970 4,241 2,029
DE . . . . . . 55 61 77 41 NC . . . . . . 440 448 250 93
DC . . . . . . 157 156 193 62 ND . . . . . . 33 34 32 20
FL . . . . . . 781 868 808 200 OH. . . . . . 995 990 1,120 341
GA . . . . . . 386 520 582 131 OK . . . . . . 130 174 151 98
HI . . . . . . 162 128 156 85 OR. . . . . . 169 269 251 115
ID . . . . . . 43 40 39 7 PA . . . . . . 1,327 1,190 994 427
IL. . . . . . . 879 998 982 128 RI . . . . . . 172 168 144 68
IN . . . . . . 342 307 316 111 SC . . . . . . 245 230 145 39
IA . . . . . . 163 162 166 77 SD . . . . . . 21 30 30 21
KS . . . . . . 151 154 152 85 TN . . . . . . 293 233 266 122
KY . . . . . . 203 216 190 118 TX . . . . . . 727 851 731 191
LA . . . . . . 118 186 183 46 UT . . . . . . 100 108 96 41
ME. . . . . . 108 127 108 79 VT . . . . . . 62 68 64 41
MD. . . . . . 336 349 357 107 VA . . . . . . 418 290 291 143
MA. . . . . . 690 689 794 336 WA . . . . . 535 525 633 284
MI . . . . . . 1,264 1,175 1,187 377 WV . . . . . 134 124 115 58
MN. . . . . . 381 392 404 129 WI . . . . . . 382 446 440 111
MS. . . . . . 62 79 74 24 WY . . . . . 34 32 23 14
1
Includes other items not shown separately.
Source: U.S. Administration for Children and Families, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Program, Annual
Report to Congress.
2007,
Item Unit
1990 1995 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 prel.
1
Total cases . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . . 12,796 19,162 17,334 15,923 15,854 15,861 15,844 15,755
Paternities established, total 2. . . . . . . 1,000 . . . . 393 659 867 663 692 690 675 640
Support orders established, total 3 . . . . 1,000 . . . . 1,022 1,051 1,175 1,161 1,181 1,180 1,159 1,178
FINANCES
Collections, total . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol. . . 6,010 10,827 17,854 21,176 21,861 23,006 23,933 24,855
TANF/FC collections 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol. . . . 1,750 2,689 2,593 2,972 2,221 2,191 2,112 2,050
State share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol. . . . 620 939 1,080 947 927 911 875 852
Estimated incentive payments to
states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol. . . . 264 400 353 356 361 365 402 431
Federal share 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol. . . . 533 822 968 1,167 1,147 1,129 1,086 1,054
Current Assistance Medical
Support Collections . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol. . . . (NA) (NA) 27 20 12 11 12 11
Current Assistance Payments
to Families or Foster Care . . . . . . Mil. dol. . . . (NA) (NA) 165 837 136 140 139 133
Non-TANF collections . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol. . . . 4,260 8,138 15,261 18,204 19,641 20,815 21,822 22,804
Administrative expenditures, total . . . Mil. dol. . . . 1,606 3,012 4,526 5,216 5,322 5,353 5,561 5,594
State share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol. . . . 545 918 1,519 1,765 1,803 1,813 1,884 1,902
Federal share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol. . . . 1,061 2,095 3,006 3,450 3,519 3,540 3,677 3,692
Program savings, total . . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol. . . . −190 −852 −2,125 −3,098 −3,249 −3,312 −3,600 −3,687
State share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol. . . . 338 421 −87 −461 −515 −537 −607 −619
Federal share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol. . . . −528 −1,273 −2,038 −2,637 −2,734 −2,776 −2,993 −3,068
NA Not Available. 1 Passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA)
mandated new categories in 1999 and cases were no longer double counted resulting in a 2 million case reduction. 2 Does not
include in-hospital paternities. 3 Includes modifications to orders. 4 Collections for current assistance cases where the children
are: (1) recipients of TANF under title IV-A of the Social Security Act or (2) entitled to Foster Care (FC) maintenance under title IV-E
of the Social Security Act plus collections distributed as assistance reimbursements. Includes assistance reimbursements, which
are collections that will be divided between the state and federal govenrments to reimburse their respective shares of either Title
IV-A assistance payments or Title IV-E Foster Care maintenance payments. 5 Prior to fiscal year 2002, incentives were paid out
of the federal share of collections and the net federal share was reported.
Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Child Support Enforcement, Annual Report to Congress.
Program Unit 1990 1995 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Food Stamp:
Participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Million. . . 20.0 26.6 17.2 21.3 23.9 25.7 26.7 26.5
Federal cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol.. . 14,143 22,764 14,983 21,404 24,619 28,568 30,187 30,373
Monthly average coupon value per
recipient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dollars . . 58.78 71.27 72.62 83.90 85.99 92.57 94.32 95.63
Nutrition assistance program for Puerto Rico:
Federal cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol.. . 937 1,131 1,268 1,395 1,413 1,495 1,518 1,551
National school lunch program (NSLP):
Free lunches served . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Million. . . 1,662 2,090 2,205 2,335 2,397 2,477 2,496 2,506
Reduced-price lunches served . . . . . . . . . Million. . . 273 308 409 453 462 479 488 501
Children participating 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Million. . . 24.1 25.7 27.3 28.4 29.0 29.6 30.1 30.5
Federal cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol.. . 3,214 4,466 5,493 6,341 6,663 7,055 7,390 7,706
School breakfast (SB):
Children participating 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Million. . . 4.1 6.3 7.6 8.4 8.9 9.4 9.8 10.1
Federal cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol.. . 596 1,048 1,393 1,652 1,776 1,927 2,043 2,164
Special supplemental food program (WIC): 2
Participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Million. . . 4.5 6.9 7.2 7.6 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.3
Federal cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol.. . 1,637 2,512 2,853 3,230 3,562 3,603 3,598 3,887
Child and adult care (CAC): 3
Participants 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Million. . . 1.5 2.3 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.2
Federal cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol.. . 719 1,296 1,500 1,726 1,812 1,904 1,944 2,024
Federal cost of commodities donated to— 5
Child nutrition (NSLP, CACFP, SFS, and
SBP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol.. . 644 733 704 909 1,031 1,047 877 1,115
Emergency feeding 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol.. . 282 100 182 396 361 314 243 191
1
Average monthly participation (excluding summer months of June through August). Includes children in public and private
2
elementary and secondary schools and in residential child care institutes. WIC serves pregnant and postpartum women,
infants, and children up to age 5. 3 CACFP provides year-round subsidies to feed preschool children in child care centers and
family day care homes. Certain care centers serving disabled or elderly adults also receive meal subsidies. 4 Average quarterly
5
daily attendance at participating institutions. Includes the federal cost of commodity entitlements, cash in-lieu of commodities,
and bonus foods. 6 Provides free commodities to needy persons for home consumption through food banks, hunger centers,
soup kitchens, and similar nonprofit agencies. Includes the Emergency Food Assistance Program, the commodity purchases for
soup kitchens/food banks program (FY 1989−96), and commodity disaster relief.
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, ‘‘Food and Nutrition Service, Program Data’’;
<http://www.fns.usda.gov/pd/>; updated monthly.
Households Participants
Percent of total Percent of total
Year
Total 1 With With With Total 1
(1,000) children elderly 2 disabled 3 (1,000) Children Elderly 2
Households Participants
Age, sex, race, and
Household type and income source Number Number
Hispanic origin
(1,000) Percent (1,000) Percent
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,315 100.0 Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,595 100.0
With children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,906 52.2 Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,603 49.2
Single-parent households . . . . . . . . . . . 3,717 32.9 Under 5 years old. . . . . . . . . . . 4,243 16.6
Married-couple households . . . . . . . . . . 1,009 8.9 5 to 17 years old . . . . . . . . . . . 8,631 32.7
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,180 10.4 Adults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,992 50.8
With elderly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,024 17.9 18 to 35 years old . . . . . . . . . . 5,560 21.7
Living alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,613 14.3 36 to 59 years old . . . . . . . . . . 5,203 20.3
Not living alone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411 3.6 60 years old and over . . . . . . . . 2,229 8.7
Disabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,619 23.1
Living alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,484 13.1 Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,580 41.3
Not living alone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,134 10.0 Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,014 58.7
Earned income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,364 29.7 White, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . 10,966 42.8
Wages and salaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,010 26.6 Black, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . 8,468 33.1
Unearned income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,666 67.8 Hispanic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,006 19.6
TANF 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,462 13.0 Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611 2.4
Supplemental security income . . . . . . . . 3,029 26.8 Native American . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426 1.7
Social security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,733 24.2 Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 0.1
Enrollment,
Year Enrollment Appropriation Age and race 2007 Item Number
(1,000) (mil. dol.) (percent)
1980 . . . 376 735 Under 3 years old . . . . . 10 Average cost per child:
1990 . . . 541 1,552 3 years old. . . . . . . . . . 36 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . $4,534
1995 . . . 751 3,534 4 years old. . . . . . . . . . 51 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . $5,951
1998 . . . 822 4,347 5 years old and over . . . 3 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . $7,326
1999 . . . 826 4,658
2000 . . . 858 5,267 White . . . . . . . . ..... 40 Paid staff (1,000):
2001 . . . 905 6,200 Black . . . . . . . . ..... 30 1995 . . . . . . . . .... 147
2002 . . . 912 6,537 Hispanic . . . . . . ..... 35 2000 . . . . . . . . .... 180
2003 . . . 910 6,668 American Indian/ 2007 . . . . . . . . .... 220
2004 . . . 906 6,775 Alaska Native . . ..... 4 Volunteers (1,000):
2005 . . . 907 6,843 Asian . . . . . . . . ..... 2 1995 . . . . . . . . .... 1,235
2006 . . . 909 6,872 Hawaiian/ 2000 . . . . . . . . .... 1,252
2007 . . . 908 6,888 Pacific Islander . ..... 1 2007 . . . . . . . . .... 1,384
Source: U.S. Department of Health and Services, Administration for Children and Families, ‘‘Head Start Statistical Fact Sheet’’;
<http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/ohs/about/>.
2006
NAICS
Kind of business 2000, 2005, Taxable Tax-exempt
code
total total Total firms firms
Social assistance, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 77,032 111,125 117,066 27,266 89,800
Individual and family services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6241 37,311 53,047 57,766 8,818 48,948
Child and youth services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62411 7,517 10,405 11,078 1,141 9,937
Services for elderly and disabled persons . . . . . . 62412 12,804 19,160 21,436 4,112 17,324
Other individual and family services . . . . . . . . . . 62419 16,990 23,482 25,252 3,565 21,687
Community, emergency and other relief services . . . 6242 12,281 18,983 18,887 (S) 18,679
Community food services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62421 2,835 3,784 3,980 28 3,952
Community housing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62422 4,888 6,621 6,886 85 6,801
Emergency and other relief services . . . . . . . . . . 62423 4,558 8,578 8,021 (S) 7,926
Vocational rehabilitation services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6243 9,458 13,937 13,916 2,756 11,160
Child day care services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6244 17,982 25,158 26,497 15,484 11,013
S Figure does not meet publication standards.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Service Annual Survey, 2006. See also <http://www.census.gov/svsd/www/services/sas
/sas_data/sas62.htm>.
Establishments Receipts
Kind of business NAICS
code 1997 2000 2005 1997 2000 2005
Social assistance, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 526,512 642,946 807,729 5,451 7,539 10,265
Individual & family services . . . . . . . . ...... . . . 6241 33,227 72,433 112,909 592 1,106 1,920
Community, emergency and other relief services . . . 6242 1,338 3,560 5,533 24 54 81
Vocational rehabilitation services . . . . . ...... . . . 6243 3,213 7,314 11,022 82 151 245
Child day care services . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . 6244 488,734 559,639 678,265 4,754 6,228 8,018
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ‘‘Nonemployer Statistics’’; <http://www.census.gov/epcd/nonemployer/index.html> (released
June 2007).
Table 560. Children in Foster Care and Awaiting Adoption: 2000 and 2006
[Data are preliminary and cover the period from October 1 of prior year through September 30 of year shown]
Under 1 year. . . . . . . 22,839 30,418 37,996 47,536 11,025 13,948 3,957 5,102 939 1,099
1 to 5 years . . . . . . . 134,378 139,082 72,365 84,103 70,667 87,865 44,126 47,108 23,135 26,529
6 to 10 years . . . . . . 136,003 100,580 63,346 57,673 63,228 58,082 44,980 33,396 17,831 13,871
11 to 15 years . . . . . . 160,077 135,921 86,555 78,880 65,550 60,851 33,143 33,698 7,946 7,863
16 to 20 years 1 . . . . 98,701 104,003 32,737 34,809 61,531 68,251 4,793 9,696 1,149 1,637
RACE
White 2 . . . . . . . . . . 207,970 205,662 136,214 136,354 121,322 130,945 44,898 49,637 19,462 22,979
Black 2. . . . . . . . . . . 217,615 162,722 84,460 80,212 84,065 77,720 57,345 41,591 19,566 13,783
Asian 2 . . . . . . . . . . 4,370 2,978 3,565 2,420 3,307 2,384 664 651 290 289
Hispanic 3 . . . . . . . . 81,823 96,967 42,769 57,444 39,909 51,711 17,050 25,481 7,430 9,569
SEX
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . 289,187 267,027 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 68,620 68,006 25,472 25,994
Female . . . . . . . . . . 262,813 242,973 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 62,380 60,994 25,528 25,006
1 2
NA Not available. For children waiting to be adopted, includes ages 16 to 17 years only. Beginning with the 2000
census, respondents could choose more than one race. Data represent persons who selected this race group only and exclude
persons reporting more than one race. The census in prior years only allowed respondents to report one race group. See also
comments on race in text, Section 1. 3 Hispanic persons may be any race.
Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Adoption and Foster Care
Analysis and Reporting System Reports, annual. See also <http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/stats_research/index.htm#afcars>.
Source and allocation 1990 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Total funds . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.4 123.7 163.0 176.8 202.7 229.7 231.1 231.5 236.3 259.0 283.1 295.0
Individuals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.0 95.4 124.2 138.4 154.6 174.5 172.4 172.8 180.2 200.8 213.5 222.9
Foundations 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 10.6 13.9 17.0 20.5 24.6 27.2 27.0 26.8 32.4 32.4 36.5
Corporations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 7.4 8.6 8.5 10.2 10.7 11.6 10.8 11.1 13.8 13.8 12.7
Charitable bequests . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 10.4 16.3 13.0 17.4 19.9 19.8 20.9 18.2 18.5 23.4 22.9
Allocation:
Religion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.8 58.1 64.7 68.3 71.3 77.0 79.9 82.9 84.6 88.0 92.7 96.8
Health. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 13.9 12.8 13.2 15.2 16.4 18.3 17.8 17.8 20.2 20.7 20.2
Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4 15.6 20.4 23.8 27.2 29.7 32.7 30.0 30.0 33.8 37.3 41.0
Human service . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 9.7 12.6 15.6 17.9 20.0 21.8 24.4 24.4 24.4 32.6 29.6
Arts, culture, and humanities . . . 7.9 5.7 7.3 9.9 9.2 10.5 11.4 10.8 10.8 11.8 11.4 12.5
Public/societal benefit . . . . . . . 4.9 11.3 12.9 14.0 13.0 15.4 16.5 18.0 16.4 18.8 20.3 21.4
Environment/wildlife. . . . . . . . . 2.5 2.3 3.1 3.5 4.2 4.8 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.5 6.5 6.6
International . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 3.0 4.2 5.1 6.6 7.2 8.3 8.7 9.8 11.6 12.5 11.3
Gifts to foundations 1 . . . . . . . . 3.8 8.5 14.0 19.9 28.8 24.7 25.7 19.2 21.6 20.3 27.5 29.5
Unallocated 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . −3.0 −4.4 11.0 3.6 9.4 24.2 11.3 14.6 13.8 24.8 21.7 26.1
1
Data are from the Foundation Center through 2001. 2 Money deducted as a charitable contribution by donors but not
allocated to sources. May include gifts to governmental entities, in-kind giving, gifts to new charities.
Source: Giving USA Foundation, Glenview, IL, researched and written by the Center on Philanthropy at Indiana University,
Giving USA, annual (copyright).
Item 1990 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Number of returns. . . . . . . . . . . 40,105 47,917 55,113 56,658 62,694 66,738 70,787 73,255 76,348 76,897
Nonoperating foundations 1 . . . 36,880 43,966 50,541 52,460 58,840 61,501 63,650 67,101 70,004 70,613
Operating foundations 2 . . . . . 3,226 3,951 4,572 4,198 3,854 5,238 7,137 6,154 6,344 6,284
Total assets, book value. . . . . . . 122.4 195.6 280.9 325.7 384.6 409.5 413.6 383.5 418.5 455.5
Total assets, fair market value . . . 151.0 242.9 342.7 397.1 466.9 471.6 455.4 413.0 475.0 509.9
Investments in securities. . . . . 115.0 190.7 272.4 317.9 363.4 361.4 329.4 294.4 344.3 361.2
Total revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.0 30.8 55.5 59.7 83.3 72.8 45.3 27.8 48.4 58.7
Total expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 17.2 22.4 25.9 33.9 37.4 36.7 34.4 35.1 36.6
Contributions, gifts, and
grants paid . . . . . . . . . . . .. 8.6 12.3 16.4 19.4 22.8 27.6 27.4 26.3 26.7 27.6
Excess of revenue over
expenses (net) . . . . . . . . . . .. 7.7 13.6 33.0 33.8 49.4 35.3 8.6 −6.6 13.3 22.1
Net investment income 3 . . . . .. 11.9 20.4 34.8 39.3 57.1 48.8 25.7 17.6 25.2 34.0
1
Generally provide charitable support through grants and other financial means to charitable organizations; the majority of
foundations are nonoperating. 2 Generally conduct their own charitable activities, e.g., museums. 3 Represents income not
considered related to a foundation’s charitable purpose, e.g., interest, dividends, and capital gains. Foundations could be subject
to an excise tax on such income.
Source: Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income, SOI Tax Stats—Charities & Other Tax-Exempt Organizations;
<http://www.irs.gov/taxstats/charitablestats/article/0,,id=97176,00.html#2> (accessed 18 January 2008).
Revenue
Year Total Contri- Excess of
and Number fund butions, revenue
category of balance Program gifts, over
returns Total or service and Total expenses
(1,000) assets net worth Total revenue 1 grants expenses (net)
2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230.2 1,562.5 1,023.2 866.2 579.1 199.1 796.4 69.8
2004, total . . . . . . . . . . . 276.2 2,058.6 1,276.1 1,153.0 801.2 248.6 1,058.5 94.5
Arts, culture, and humanities. . . 28.6 81.1 66.0 25.5 6.3 14.2 22.1 3.4
Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.9 677.1 486.7 220.1 116.6 64.5 185.1 35.0
Environment, animals . . . . . . . 11.6 30.5 25.1 11.1 2.5 6.8 9.5 1.7
Health. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.4 801.8 424.6 655.1 575.5 46.6 619.0 36.0
Human services . . . . . . . . . . . 104.8 236.3 114.7 157.7 81.8 62.9 151.5 6.1
International, foreign affairs. . . . 3.5 15.1 11.0 17.1 1.1 15.4 15.9 1.1
Mutual, membership benefit . . . 0.7 13.3 9.7 2.6 1.7 0.2 2.1 0.7
Public, societal benefit . . . . . . . 24.1 184.8 123.3 55.2 14.3 32.4 45.9 9.2
Religion related . . . . . . . . . . . 17.4 18.6 15.0 8.4 1.3 5.8 7.2 1.2
1
Represents fees collected by organizations in support of their tax-exempt purposes, and income such as tuition and fees at
educational institutions, hospital patient charges, and admission and activity fees collected by museums and other nonprofit
organizations or institutions.
Source: Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income, SOI Tax Stats—Charities & Other Tax-Exempt Organizations
Statistics. See also <http://www.irs.gov/taxstats/charitablestats/article/0,,id=97176,00.html>; (accessed 17 January 2008).
Table 565. Individual Charitable Contributions by State: 2005
[In millions of dollars (181,644 represents 181,644,000,000, except as indicated. For tax year. Data will not agree with data in
other tables due to differing survey methodology used to derive state data]
This section presents statistics on the the number employed; hours of work;
labor force; its distribution by occupation industry and occupational groups; and
and industry affiliation; and the supply of, the number unemployed, reasons for, and
demand for, and conditions of labor. The duration of unemployment. Annual data
chief source of these data is the Current shown in this section are averages of
Population Survey (CPS) conducted by the monthly figures for each calendar year,
U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of unless otherwise specified. Historical
Labor Statistics (BLS). Comprehensive national CPS data are available on the Web
historical and current data are available site <http://www.bls.gov/cps/>.
from the BLS Internet site <http://www
.bls.gov/cps/>. These data are published The CPS also produces annual estimates
on a current basis in the BLS monthly pub- of employment and unemployment for
lication Employment and Earnings. each state, 50 large metropolitan statisti-
Detailed data on the labor force are also cal areas, and selected cities. These esti-
available from the Census Bureau’s decen- mates are published by BLS in its annual
nial census of population.
Geographic Profile of Employment and
Unemployment available at <http:
Types of data—Most statistics in this
section are obtained by two methods: //www.bls.gov/gps/>. More detailed geo-
household interviews or questionnaires graphic data (e.g., for counties and cities)
and reports of establishment payroll are provided by the decennial population
records. Each method provides data that censuses.
the other cannot suitably supply. Popula-
tion characteristics, for example, are Data based on establishment records are
readily obtainable only from the house- compiled by BLS and cooperating state
hold survey, while detailed industrial clas- agencies as part of an ongoing Current
sifications can be readily derived only Employment Statistics program. Survey
from establishment records. data, gathered monthly from a sample of
employers through electronic interview-
Household data are obtained from a ing (including electronic data interchange,
monthly sample survey of the population. touchtone data entry, and computer-
The CPS is used to gather data for the cal- assisted telephone interviewing) or by
endar week including the 12th of the mail, fax, on magnetic tape or computer
month and provides current comprehen- diskette, are supplemented by data from
sive data on the labor force (see text, Sec- other government agencies and adjusted
tion 1, Population). The CPS provides
at intervals to data from government
information on the work status of the
social insurance program reports. The
population without duplication since each
estimates exclude self-employed persons,
person is classified as employed, unem-
private household workers, unpaid family
ployed, or not in the labor force.
Employed persons holding more than one workers, agricultural workers, and the
job are counted only once, according to Armed Forces. In March 2007, reporting
the job at which they worked the most establishments employed 3.5 million
hours during the survey week. manufacturing workers (25 percent of the
total manufacturing employment at the
Monthly, quarterly, and annual data from time), 20.1 million workers in private non-
the CPS are published by BLS in Employ- manufacturing industries (26.1 percent of
ment and Earnings. Data presented the total in private nonmanufacturing),
include national totals of the number of and 15.3 million federal, state, and local
persons in the civilian labor force by sex, government employees (68 percent of
race, Hispanic or Latino origin, and age; total government).
The completion of the sample redesign Beginning in January 2006, the CPS data
and the conversion to NAICS for state and reflect the introduction of revised popula-
metropolitan area establishment survey tion controls. The effect of the revised
Table 568. Civilian Labor Force and Participation Rates With Projections:
1980 to 2016
[106.9 represents 106,900,000. Civilian noninstitutional population 16 years old and over. Annual averages of monthly figures.
Rates are based on annual average civilian noninstitutional population of each specified group and represent proportion of each
specified group in the civilian labor force. Based on Current Population Survey; see text, Section 1, and Appendix III]
Sex:
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,670 14,470 81.9 13,883 588 4.1
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,347 9,524 54.9 9,085 439 4.6
Age:
16 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,205 2,454 58.4 2,266 188 7.7
25 to 34 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,243 6,421 77.9 6,147 274 4.3
35 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,322 6,782 81.5 6,546 236 3.5
45 to 54 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,278 5,126 81.7 4,930 196 3.8
55 to 64 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,850 2,531 65.7 2,424 107 4.2
65 years old and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,119 680 16.5 655 25 3.7
Em- Participation
Total Employed Unemployed rate 3
ployed
State popu- Total Rate 2
lation
1
Number Female Total Female ratio Number Female Total Male Female Male Female
United States . . 153,124 70,988 146,047 67,792 63.0 7,078 3,196 4.6 4.7 4.5 73.2 59.3
Alabama . . . . . . . 2,201 1,037 2,113 999 58.9 88 38 4.0 4.3 3.7 68.4 55.0
Alaska. . . . . . . . . 347 162 326 154 66.1 21 9 6.2 7.0 5.2 75.0 65.8
Arizona . . . . . . . . 3,048 1,344 2,930 1,290 61.4 118 54 3.9 3.8 4.0 72.6 55.5
Arkansas . . . . . . . 1,376 641 1,299 605 59.7 77 36 5.6 5.6 5.6 70.2 56.8
California . . . . . . . 18,207 8,073 17,234 7,654 62.1 973 418 5.3 5.5 5.2 74.3 57.2
Colorado . . ..... 2,678 1,209 2,580 1,162 69.6 98 47 3.7 3.5 3.9 80.2 64.5
Connecticut ..... 1,890 888 1,804 849 65.7 86 39 4.5 4.6 4.4 76.1 62.1
Delaware . . ..... 445 215 430 207 64.2 16 8 3.5 3.5 3.5 72.5 61.1
District of
Columbia . ..... 318 164 300 154 64.3 18 10 5.5 5.0 6.0 72.0 64.7
Florida. . . . ..... 9,235 4,313 8,861 4,149 61.2 374 163 4.1 4.3 3.8 70.6 57.6
Georgia . . . . . . . . 4,870 2,285 4,659 2,178 65.3 211 107 4.3 4.0 4.7 75.5 61.6
Hawaii. . . . . . . . . 647 305 628 296 63.7 19 9 2.9 2.7 3.0 72.2 59.6
Idaho . . . . . . . . . 765 341 742 331 66.2 23 10 3.0 2.9 3.1 76.0 60.5
Illinois . . . . . . . . . 6,721 3,114 6,378 2,972 64.5 342 142 5.1 5.6 4.5 75.2 61.2
Indiana . . . . . . . . 3,207 1,475 3,059 1,413 62.7 148 62 4.6 5.0 4.2 73.0 58.9
Iowa . . . . . . . . . . 1,673 794 1,611 764 69.3 62 30 3.7 3.6 3.8 77.2 66.9
Kansas . . . . . . . . 1,495 699 1,434 671 68.1 61 29 4.1 4.0 4.1 77.3 64.9
Kentucky . . . . . . . 2,041 948 1,932 899 59.1 110 49 5.4 5.5 5.2 69.6 55.8
Louisiana . . . . . . . 2,003 960 1,917 917 58.9 85 42 4.3 4.1 4.4 67.8 56.0
Maine . . . . . . . . . 706 338 673 323 63.1 33 15 4.7 4.9 4.4 71.4 61.3
Maryland . . . . . . . 2,978 1,452 2,871 1,396 65.9 107 56 3.6 3.3 3.9 74.3 63.0
Massachusetts . . . 3,410 1,592 3,253 1,528 63.8 156 65 4.6 5.0 4.1 74.5 59.9
Michigan . . . . . . . 5,021 2,389 4,667 2,218 59.6 354 171 7.1 7.0 7.1 69.4 59.2
Minnesota . . . . . . 2,906 1,382 2,772 1,326 68.7 134 57 4.6 5.1 4.1 76.5 67.6
Mississippi . . . . . . 1,320 628 1,239 587 56.3 81 41 6.1 5.8 6.5 66.9 53.9
Missouri. . . . . . . . 3,063 1,466 2,910 1,395 64.2 153 71 5.0 5.1 4.9 73.3 62.2
Montana . . . . . . . 510 244 492 236 65.7 18 8 3.6 3.7 3.4 71.9 64.5
Nebraska . . . . . . . 988 463 958 449 70.7 31 14 3.1 3.2 2.9 79.1 67.1
Nevada . . . . . . . . 1,346 599 1284 573 65.6 62 26 4.6 4.9 4.3 75.7 61.7
New Hampshire . . 746 349 719 337 68.2 27 12 3.6 3.9 3.3 76.9 64.9
New Jersey . . . . . 4,516 2,073 4,325 1,992 63.5 191 81 4.2 4.5 3.9 74.5 58.6
New Mexico . . . . . 951 447 916 430 61.0 35 16 3.7 3.7 3.7 69.5 57.5
New York . . . . . . . 9,456 4,458 9,020 4,275 59.7 436 183 4.6 5.1 4.1 69.5 56.3
North Carolina . . . 4,494 2,133 4,290 2,029 62.5 203 104 4.5 4.2 4.9 72.2 59.3
North Dakota . . . . 368 173 356 168 71.9 12 5 3.2 3.6 2.8 79.4 69.3
Ohio . . . . . . . . . . 6,035 2,854 5,699 2,709 64.0 335 145 5.6 6.0 5.1 74.4 61.7
Oklahoma . . . . . . 1,730 802 1,653 765 60.6 77 37 4.4 4.3 4.7 70.8 56.6
Oregon . . . . . . . . 1,943 893 1,843 846 62.4 100 47 5.2 5.1 5.2 72.3 59.5
Pennsylvania . . . . 6,337 2,977 6,065 2,866 61.7 273 111 4.3 4.8 3.7 71.4 58.1
Rhode Island . . . . 579 278 551 265 65.5 28 13 4.9 5.0 4.8 75.0 63.2
South Carolina . . . 2,150 1021 2,029 959 60.2 121 61 5.6 5.3 6.0 70.7 57.6
South Dakota . . . . 442 209 429 203 71.5 13 6 2.9 3.0 2.8 78.8 68.7
Tennessee . . . . . . 3,061 1,416 2,921 1,349 61.7 141 68 4.6 4.4 4.8 72.4 57.5
Texas . . . . . . . . . 11,540 5,123 11,047 4,877 62.9 493 246 4.3 3.8 4.8 75.0 56.8
Utah . . . . . . . . . . 1,344 591 1,309 573 70.3 35 17 2.6 2.4 2.9 81.3 63.2
Vermont . . . . . . . 355 171 341 164 67.3 14 6 4.0 4.3 3.7 74.6 65.9
Virginia . . . . . . . . 4,041 1,923 3,916 1,867 66.6 125 56 3.1 3.2 2.9 75.7 62.4
Washington . . . . . 3,429 1,604 3,270 1,533 65.0 159 70 4.6 4.8 4.4 74.0 62.5
West Virginia . . . . 820 376 782 361 53.8 38 15 4.6 5.0 4.1 63.0 50.1
Wisconsin . . . . . . 3,085 1,471 2,930 1,404 67.1 155 67 5.0 5.4 4.6 75.2 66.3
Wyoming . . . . . . . 288 129 280 125 69.1 8 4 2.9 2.8 3.1 78.3 63.9
1
Civilian employment as a percent of civilian noninstitutional population. 2 Percent unemployed of the civilian labor force.
3
Percent of civilian noninstitutional population of each specified group in the civilian labor force.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics, Geographic Profile of Employment and
Unemployment, 2007 Annual Averages. See Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/gps/> (accessed 26 July 2008).
Unemployed
Characteristic Civilian Not in
1
Population labor force Employed Total Rate labor force
Total, 16 to 24 years 2 . . . . . 37,480 22,243 19,921 2,637 10.4 15,237
Enrolled in school 2 . . . . . . . . . . 21,061 8,979 8,181 798 8.9 12,083
Enrolled in high school. . . . . . . 9,724 2,855 2,421 434 15.2 6,869
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,118 1,431 1,203 227 15.9 3,687
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,607 1,425 1,218 206 14.5 3,182
Enrolled in college. . . . . . . . . . 11,337 6,124 5,760 364 5.9 5,213
Enrolled in 2-year college . . . 3,217 2,066 1,946 121 5.8 1,151
Enrolled in 4-year college . . . 8,120 4,057 3,814 243 6.0 4,063
Race/ethnicity:
White 3
Enrolled in high school . .. 7,370 2,371 2,053 318 13.4 4,999
Enrolled in college . . . . .. 8,912 5,008 4,759 249 5.0 3,904
Black 3
Enrolled in high school . .. 1,590 294 222 72 24.6 1,296
Enrolled in college . . . . .. 1,423 674 607 67 9.9 749
Asian 3
4
Enrolled in high school . .. 352 72 58 14 ( ) 281
Enrolled in college . . . . .. 668 240 223 17 7.0 428
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Enrolled in high school . . . 1,659 368 302 66 17.9 1,291
Enrolled in college . . . . . . 1,414 836 800 36 4.3 578
Not enrolled 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,419 13,264 11,740 1,524 11.5 3,155
White 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,740 10,441 9,441 1,000 9.6 2,299
Black 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,542 1,938 1,521 417 21.5 604
Asian 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462 379 342 37 9.9 83
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity . . . . 3,559 2,655 2,349 305 11.5 904
1
Percent unemployed of civilian labor force in each category. 2 Includes other races not shown separately. 3
Data for
persons in this race group only. See footnote 3, Table 570. 4 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics; College Enrollment and Work Activity of High School Graduates, News, USDL
08-0559, April 25, 2008. See Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/hsgec.pdf>.
Table 577. Marital Status of Women in the Civilian Labor Force: 1970 to 2007
[31,543 represents 31,543,000. For civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over. Annual averages of monthly figures.
Based on the Current Population Survey; see text, Section 1, and Appendix III]
3
Female civilian labor force (1,000) Female participation rate
Year Never Never
1 2 1 2
Total married Married Other Total married Married Other
1970 . . . . . . . 31,543 7,265 18,475 5,804 43.3 56.8 40.5 40.3
1975 . . . . . . . 37,475 9,125 21,484 6,866 46.3 59.8 44.3 40.1
1980 . . . . . . . 45,487 11,865 24,980 8,643 51.5 64.4 49.8 43.6
1985 . . . . . . . 51,050 13,163 27,894 9,993 54.5 66.6 53.8 45.1
1990 4 . . . . . . 56,829 14,612 30,901 11,315 57.5 66.7 58.4 47.2
1995 . . . . . . . 60,944 15,467 33,359 12,118 58.9 66.8 61.0 47.4
2000 4 . . . . . . 66,303 17,849 35,146 13,308 59.9 68.9 61.1 49.0
2001 . . . . . . . 66,848 18,021 35,236 13,592 59.8 68.1 61.2 49.0
2002 . . . . . . . 67,363 18,203 35,477 13,683 59.6 67.4 61.0 49.2
2003 4 . . . . . . 68,272 18,397 36,046 13,828 59.5 66.2 61.0 49.6
2004 4 . . . . . . 68,421 18,616 35,845 13,961 59.2 65.9 60.5 49.6
2005 4 . . . . . . 69,288 19,183 35,941 14,163 59.3 66.0 60.7 49.4
2006 4 . . . . . . 70,173 19,474 36,314 14,385 59.4 65.7 61.0 49.6
2007 4 . . . . . . 70,988 19,745 36,881 14,362 59.3 65.3 61.0 49.5
1
Husband present. 2 Widowed, divorced, or separated. 3
See footnote 3, Table 573 for definition of participation rate.
4
See footnote 2, Table 567.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Women in the Labor Force: A Databook, September 2007, and unpublished data. See
Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/cps/wlf-databook2007.htm>.
IN LABOR
FORCE
(mil.)
1970 . . . . . . . . 7.0 18.4 5.9 (NA) 10.2 1.9 (NA) 6.3 1.3 (NA) 3.9 0.6
1980 . . . . . . . . 11.2 24.9 8.8 0.6 13.7 3.6 0.2 8.4 2.6 0.3 5.2 1.0
1990 . . . . . . . . 14.0 31.0 11.2 1.5 16.5 4.2 0.6 9.3 3.0 0.9 7.2 1.2
1995 . . . . . . . . 15.0 33.6 12.0 2.1 18.0 4.6 0.8 10.2 3.3 1.3 7.8 1.3
2000 . . . . . . . . 17.8 35.0 13.2 3.1 18.2 4.5 1.2 10.8 3.4 1.8 7.3 1.1
2005 3 . . . . . . . 18.6 35.7 14.3 3.4 18.0 4.6 1.4 10.8 3.4 1.9 7.2 1.2
2006 3 . . . . . . . 19.0 36.2 14.2 3.3 18.1 4.6 1.4 10.7 3.5 1.9 7.4 1.1
2007 3 . . . . . . . 19.2 37.3 14.3 3.5 18.6 4.8 1.4 10.9 3.6 2.1 7.7 1.2
PARTICIPATION
RATE 4
1970 . . . . . . . . 53.0 40.8 39.1 (NA) 39.7 60.7 (NA) 49.2 66.9 (NA) 30.3 52.2
1980 . . . . . . . . 61.5 50.1 44.0 52.0 54.1 69.4 67.6 61.7 74.6 44.1 45.1 60.3
1990 . . . . . . . . 66.4 58.2 46.8 55.2 66.3 74.2 69.7 73.6 79.7 48.7 58.9 63.6
1995 . . . . . . . . 65.5 61.1 47.3 57.5 70.2 75.3 67.0 76.2 79.5 53.0 63.5 66.3
2000 . . . . . . . . 68.6 62.0 50.2 73.9 70.6 82.7 79.7 77.2 85.0 70.5 62.8 76.6
2005 3 . . . . . . . 65.1 60.2 49.8 72.9 68.1 79.8 79.7 75.0 82.2 68.5 59.8 73.5
2006 3 . . . . . . . 64.7 60.9 49.1 71.5 68.4 80.4 76.2 75.3 82.5 68.6 60.3 74.3
2007 3 . . . . . . . 64.7 61.6 49.5 71.4 69.3 80.0 78.0 76.2 82.9 67.4 61.5 72.2
EMPLOYMENT
(mil.)
1970 . . . . . . . . 6.5 17.5 5.6 (NA) 9.6 1.8 (NA) 6.0 1.2 (NA) 3.6 0.6
1980 . . . . . . . . 10.1 23.6 8.2 0.4 12.8 3.3 0.2 8.1 2.4 0.2 4.8 0.9
1990 . . . . . . . . 12.9 29.9 10.5 1.2 15.8 3.8 0.5 8.9 2.7 0.7 6.9 1.1
1995 . . . . . . . . 13.7 32.3 11.3 1.8 17.2 4.2 0.7 9.8 3.1 1.1 7.3 1.2
2000 . . . . . . . . 16.4 34.0 12.7 2.7 17.6 4.3 1.1 10.6 3.2 1.6 7.1 1.1
2005 3 . . . . . . . 17.0 34.6 13.5 2.9 17.4 4.3 1.3 10.4 3.2 1.6 7.0 1.1
2006 3 . . . . . . . 17.4 35.2 13.5 2.9 17.5 4.3 1.2 10.4 3.3 1.7 7.1 1.0
2007 3 . . . . . . . 17.9 36.4 13.6 3.1 18.0 4.5 1.3 10.6 3.4 1.8 7.4 1.1
UNEMPLOY-
MENT RATE 5
1970 . . . . . . . . 7.1 4.8 4.8 (NA) 6.0 7.2 (NA) 4.8 5.9 (NA) 7.9 9.8
1980 . . . . . . . . 10.3 5.3 6.4 23.2 5.9 9.2 15.6 4.4 7.9 29.2 8.3 12.8
1990 . . . . . . . . 8.2 3.5 5.7 18.4 4.2 8.5 14.5 3.8 7.7 20.8 4.8 10.2
1995 . . . . . . . . 8.7 3.9 5.8 16.6 4.3 8.1 11.8 3.6 7.1 19.5 5.3 10.8
2000 . . . . . . . . 7.3 2.7 4.3 11.0 2.9 5.1 8.7 2.6 4.8 12.6 3.5 5.9
2005 3 . . . . . . . 8.9 3.0 5.3 15.1 3.1 6.9 10.9 2.9 5.8 18.2 3.4 9.8
2006 3 . . . . . . . 8.1 2.8 4.8 12.7 3.2 6.2 10.4 2.8 5.4 14.2 3.7 8.9
2007 3 . . . . . . . 6.7 2.6 4.9 10.8 2.8 6.0 9.8 2.5 5.3 11.6 3.4 8.1
NA Not available. 1 Husband present. 2 Widowed, divorced, or separated. 3 See footnote 2, Table 567. 4 Percent of
women in each specific category in the labor force. 5 Unemployed as a percent of civilian labor force in specified group.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bulletin 2307; and unpublished data.
Table 579. Labor Force Participation Rates for Wives, Husband Present by Age
of Own Youngest Child: 1975 to 2007 3
[As of March. Civilian noninstitutional population, 16 years old and over. For definition of participation rate, see Table 573, footnote
3. Based on Current Population Survey; see text, Section 1, and Appendix III]
1
2007
Presence and age of child 1975, 1990, 2000 1, 2005 1,
2 2
total total total total Total White Black Asian 2, 3 Hispanic 4
Wives, total . . . . . . . . 44.4 58.2 62.0 60.4 61.8 61.3 68.3 60.2 55.4
No children under 18 years. . . . 43.8 51.1 54.7 54.1 55.7 55.5 58.3 56.4 52.1
With children under 18 years . . 44.9 66.3 70.6 68.1 69.3 68.9 78.8 63.4 57.1
Under 6 years, total . . . . . . . 36.7 58.9 62.8 59.8 61.5 60.9 72.2 55.4 48.4
Under 3 years . . . . . . . . . 32.7 55.5 59.0 57.3 58.9 58.3 68.8 51.4 44.2
1 year or under . . . . . . 30.8 53.9 58.3 55.8 57.8 57.6 65.8 48.9 42.8
2 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.1 60.9 61.9 60.8 61.4 60.0 75.7 57.9 47.1
3 to 5 years . . . . . . . . . . 42.2 64.1 68.4 64.8 65.6 64.7 76.6 60.1 54.2
3 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.2 63.1 66.0 62.7 64.4 64.5 78.4 47.4 52.9
4 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.2 65.1 69.7 64.9 63.4 62.0 71.5 67.8 55.9
5 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.4 64.5 70.6 67.5 69.4 68.0 79.8 72.4 54.2
6 to 13 years . . . . . . . . . . . 51.8 73.0 75.8 73.2 74.5 73.9 84.7 69.6 65.8
14 to 17 years . . . . . . . . . . 53.5 75.1 80.6 79.6 79.8 80.0 81.5 75.1 71.1
1
See footnote 2, Table 567. 2 For persons in this race group only. See footnote 3, Table 568. 3
Excludes Pacific Islanders.
4
Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be any race.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bulletin 2340; and unpublished data.
1 1 1 1 1
Item 1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007
Total employed . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,303 118,793 124,900 136,891 141,730 144,427 146,047
Age:
16 to 19 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,710 6,581 6,419 7,189 5,978 6,162 5,911
20 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,087 13,401 12,443 13,229 13,792 13,878 13,964
25 to 34 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,204 33,935 32,356 31,549 30,680 31,051 31,586
35 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,523 30,817 34,202 36,433 34,630 34,569 34,302
45 to 54 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,234 19,525 24,378 30,310 33,207 34,052 34,562
55 to 64 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,586 11,189 11,435 14,002 18,349 19,389 20,108
65 years old and over . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,960 3,346 3,666 4,179 5,094 5,325 5,613
Class of worker:
Nonagricultural industries . . . . . . . . . 95,938 115,570 121,460 134,427 139,532 142,221 143,952
Wage and salary worker 2 . . . . . . . 88,525 106,598 112,448 125,114 129,931 132,449 134,283
Self-employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,000 8,719 8,902 9,205 9,509 9,685 9,557
Unpaid family workers . . . . . . . . . . 413 253 110 108 93 87 112
Agriculture and related industries . . . . 3,364 3,223 3,440 2,464 2,197 2,206 2,095
Wage and salary worker 2 . . . . . . . 1,425 1,740 1,814 1,421 1,212 1,287 1,220
Self-employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,642 1,378 1,580 1,010 955 901 856
Unpaid family workers . . . . . . . . . . 297 105 45 33 30 18 19
Weekly hours:
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers 2. . . . ... 38.1 39.2 39.2 39.6 39.1 (NA) 39.1
Self-employed . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 41.2 40.8 39.4 39.7 38.4 (NA) (NA)
Unpaid family workers . . . . . . . ... 34.7 34.0 33.5 32.5 32.2 (NA) (NA)
Agriculture and related industries:
Wage and salary workers 2. . . . ... 41.6 41.2 41.1 43.2 43.7 (NA) 43.2
Self-employed . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 49.3 46.8 43.5 45.3 43.6 (NA) (NA)
Unpaid family workers . . . . . . . ... 38.6 38.5 42.0 38.3 44.0 (NA) (NA)
NA Not available. 1 See footnote 2, Table 567. 2 Includes the incorporated self-employed.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, ‘‘Employment and Earnings Online,’’ January 2008 issue. See Internet site
<http://www.bls.gov/opub/ee/home.htm> and <http://www.bls.gov/cps/home.htm>.
Table 583. Persons With a Job, But Not at Work: 1980 to 2007
[In thousands (5,881 represents 5,881,000), except percent. For civilian noninstitutional population 16 years old and over.
Annual averages of monthly figures. Based on Current Population Survey; see text, Section 1 and Appendix III]
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Reason for not working 1980 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
All industries, number. . ..... 5,881 6,160 5,582 5,681 5,631 5,394 5,469 5,482 5,511 5,746 5,719
Percent of employed ..... 5.9 5.2 4.5 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.9
Reason for not working:
Vacation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,320 3,529 2,982 3,109 3,039 2,929 2,922 2,923 2,892 3,101 3,056
Illness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,426 1,341 1,084 1,156 1,095 1,072 1,090 1,058 1,088 1,096 1,064
Bad weather . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 90 122 89 100 97 123 133 145 117 140
Industrial dispute . . . . . . . . . 105 24 21 14 9 7 18 10 6 7 10
All other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876 1,177 1,373 1,313 1,388 1,289 1,316 1,358 1,381 1,425 1,449
1
See footnote 2, Table 567.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, unpublished data. See Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/cps
/home.htm>.
Table 590. Average Number of Jobs Held From Ages 18 to 42: 1978 to 2006
[For persons aged 41 to 50 in 2006−07. A job is an uninterrupted period of work with a particular employer. Educational
attainment as of 2006−07. Based on the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979; see source for details]
Table 594. Labor Force Status of Persons With a Work Disability by Age: 2006
[In percent, except as indicated (24,461 represents 24,461,000). As of March. For civilians 16 to 74 who have a condition which
prevents them from working or limits the amount of work they can do. Data from the Current Population Survey and subject to
sampling error; see text, Section 1, and Appendix III]
Age
Labor force status 16 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 to 69 70 to 74
Total years old years old years old years old years old years old years old
Number (1,000) . . . . . 24,461 1,566 2,376 3,683 5,610 6,741 2,390 2,094
In labor force . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.6 31.0 37.5 29.6 26.4 18.0 9.8 6.5
Employed . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.7 23.2 30.6 26.5 23.2 16.5 9.2 5.8
Full-time. . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 9.9 20.6 17.1 15.0 10.0 3.2 1.5
Not in labor force . . . . . . . . . 77.4 69.0 62.5 70.4 73.6 82.0 90.2 93.5
Unemployment rate . . . . . . . 12.8 25.1 18.3 10.4 12.0 8.3 6.5 11.8
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Disability Data from the March Current Population Survey; <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/disability
/disabcps.html>; (accessed 11 July 2008).
Age Sex
Status and reason 16 to 24 25 to 54 55 years old
Total years old years old and over Male Female
Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . .. 78,743 15,192 21,343 42,207 30,036 48,707
Do not want a job now 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 74,040 13,510 19,256 41,275 27,914 46,126
Want a job now . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4,703 1,683 2,088 933 2,122 2,581
In the previous year—
Did not search for a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,748 931 1,148 668 1,173 1,575
Did search for a job 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,955 751 939 265 950 1,005
Not available for work now . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560 272 234 53 223 336
Available for work now, not looking for work. . . 1,395 479 705 211 726 669
Reason for not currently looking for work:
Discouraged over job prospects 3 . . . . . . 369 110 199 61 226 143
Family responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 31 109 21 37 123
In school or training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 149 27 3 102 78
Ill health or disability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 11 66 37 57 58
Other 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572 178 304 90 305 267
1
Includes some persons who are not asked if they want a job. 2 Persons who had a job in the prior 12 months must have
searched since the end of that job. 3 Includes such things as believes no work available, could not find work, lacks necessary
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 4 Includes such things as child care
and transportation problems.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, ‘‘Employment and Earnings Online,’’ January 2008 issue. See Internet site
<http://www.bls.gov/opub/ee/home.htm> and <http://www.bls.gov/cps/home.htm>.
Management, professional and related occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,788 50.6 8.4 6.4 7.0
Management, business, and financial operations occupations . . . . . . . . 21,577 42.7 7.5 5.0 7.3
Management occupations 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,486 37.5 6.3 4.5 7.4
Chief executives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,649 25.6 3.5 4.3 5.0
General and operations managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 971 27.5 4.6 3.6 7.9
Advertising and promotions managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 56.2 5.6 3.0 3.1
Marketing and sales managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 848 38.8 5.1 3.5 5.8
Administrative services managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 32.7 8.6 4.2 2.9
Computer and information systems managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467 27.8 7.7 8.5 3.4
Financial managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,181 54.6 7.1 6.7 8.0
Human resources managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 70.3 11.6 3.3 7.1
Industrial production managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 16.7 4.7 3.7 9.8
Purchasing managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 40.3 8.5 4.8 6.4
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 17.2 10.0 1.8 13.6
Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 22.5 0.6 1.1 5.3
Farmers and ranchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742 25.5 1.1 0.5 2.3
Construction managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,176 8.1 2.6 1.5 9.2
Education administrators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810 64.1 12.6 1.0 7.4
Engineering managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 8.0 2.8 8.1 1.5
Food service managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,002 44.3 7.2 9.9 14.3
Lodging managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 50.6 7.4 13.4 7.7
Medical and health services managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536 69.9 11.3 5.1 7.4
Property, real estate, and community association managers . . . . . . 594 50.5 7.1 4.7 9.5
Social and community service managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 65.8 13.5 4.0 8.6
Business and financial operations occupations 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,091 55.9 10.5 6.4 7.2
Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 51.5 7.2 5.1 7.9
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products . . . 280 55.5 8.2 3.9 6.9
Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators . . . . . . 289 61.8 17.3 3.1 7.8
Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction,
health and safety, and transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 50.6 8.9 4.5 8.0
Cost estimators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 15.4 0.2 4.6 5.1
Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists . . . . . . . 793 71.1 14.2 3.6 7.5
Management analysts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627 44.3 5.4 6.5 6.4
Accountants and auditors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,806 61.9 10.5 9.1 5.9
Appraisers and assessors of real estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 25.8 4.9 5.1 5.4
Financial analysts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 34.3 4.0 14.7 5.8
Personal financial advisors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 31.7 7.6 6.0 6.5
Insurance underwriters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 71.2 14.3 6.1 2.5
Loan counselors and officers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467 52.7 14.4 4.2 13.1
Tax preparers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 62.2 13.6 5.8 10.1
Professional and related occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,210 56.2 9.0 7.3 6.8
Computer and mathematical occupations 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,441 25.6 7.2 17.8 5.2
Computer scientists and systems analysts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825 27.1 8.8 15.5 5.6
Computer programmers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526 24.7 5.2 19.6 6.2
Computer software engineers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907 20.8 4.9 29.4 2.8
Computer support specialists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 30.0 11.2 8.8 6.0
Database administrators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 35.9 5.8 16.2 3.8
Network and computer systems administrators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 14.7 7.9 10.1 7.8
Network systems and data communications analysts . . . . . . . . . . 383 26.3 7.4 9.1 6.9
Operations research analysts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 47.5 13.1 5.3 7.8
Architecture and engineering occupations 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,932 14.4 5.3 9.7 6.4
Architects, except naval. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 24.7 4.4 8.6 7.0
Aerospace engineers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 10.5 6.6 13.4 3.1
Civil engineers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 11.5 2.9 8.8 6.1
Computer hardware engineers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 9.6 5.6 22.8 4.9
Electrical and electronics engineers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 8.6 6.9 13.5 4.1
Industrial engineers, including health and safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 17.5 4.4 8.0 3.0
Mechanical engineers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 7.3 4.2 12.1 3.8
Drafters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 20.6 5.3 4.1 8.8
Engineering technicians, except drafters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420 22.4 8.3 5.9 11.2
Surveying and mapping technicians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 10.5 5.0 1.2 5.8
Life, physical, and social science occupations 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,382 42.7 5.8 12.9 4.6
Biological scientists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 42.6 2.0 13.5 1.7
Medical scientists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 49.1 7.4 31.9 2.8
Chemists and materials scientists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 40.8 6.8 18.3 5.1
Environmental scientists and geoscientists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 29.9 5.4 3.9 0.3
Market and survey researchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 56.8 5.2 9.9 5.1
Psychologists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 64.4 7.0 4.6 3.5
Chemical technicians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 32.4 7.4 6.0 14.5
Community and social services occupations 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,265 60.7 18.4 3.2 9.5
Counselors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686 65.9 18.6 2.9 8.3
Social workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673 82.0 22.9 3.2 11.9
Miscellaneous community and social service specialists . . . . . . . . 317 63.2 23.8 3.0 14.6
Clergy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422 15.1 11.1 3.5 5.0
See footnotes at end of table.
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations . . . . . 15,740 4.2 7.1 1.9 25.2
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 960 20.9 4.9 1.7 40.4
Logging workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 1.5 7.7 0.2 15.1
Construction and extraction occupations 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,535 2.7 6.7 1.2 29.9
First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and
extraction workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 918 3.2 3.8 0.7 15.9
Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 233 1.2 9.1 0.7 37.2
Carpenters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 1,824 1.9 5.6 1.8 26.9
See footnotes at end of table.
Management, Production,
professional, Natural resources, transportation, and
and related Sales and office construction, and material-moving
occupations occupations maintenance occupations occupations
Manage- Instal-
State ment, Office Con- lation, Transpor-
busi- Profes- and Farming, struction mainte- tation
ness, sional Sales adminis- fishing, and nance, and
and and and trative and extrac- and Produc- material-
financial related Service related support forestry tion repair tion moving
opera- occu- occu- occu- occu- occu- occu- occu- occu- occu-
Total tions pations pations pations pations pations pations pations pations pations
Total . . . 146,047 21,577 30,210 24,137 16,698 19,513 960 9,535 5,245 9,395 8,776
AL . . . . . . 2,113 266 378 352 235 272 14 150 92 230 125
AK . . . . . . 326 47 68 54 32 49 4 25 14 11 22
AZ . . . . . . 2,930 458 545 474 383 437 15 253 107 120 137
AR . . . . . . 1,299 163 243 195 143 170 20 90 54 119 101
CA . . . . . . 17,234 2,695 3,608 2,817 2,084 2,223 215 1,174 547 919 952
CO. . . . . . 2,580 462 571 367 327 326 15 191 81 121 120
CT . . . . . . 1,804 305 430 312 192 220 3 97 50 114 80
DE . . . . . . 430 62 90 74 50 63 2 26 18 21 22
DC . . . . . . 300 65 106 49 22 36 (Z) 8 3 3 9
FL . . . . . . 8,861 1,303 1,642 1,613 1,168 1,226 33 679 337 348 510
GA . . . . . . 4,659 680 932 696 575 623 16 309 200 311 319
HI . . . . . . 628 84 114 150 76 79 7 43 23 18 35
ID . . . . . . 742 112 141 116 82 94 18 60 27 43 48
IL. . . . . . . 6,378 961 1,283 1,023 731 894 15 335 222 486 429
IN . . . . . . 3,059 409 575 478 309 401 14 186 131 333 224
MO . . . . . 2,910 405 535 472 344 427 16 160 121 219 210
MT . . . . . . 492 80 94 79 56 69 6 43 17 20 27
NE . . . . . . 958 161 190 137 114 137 12 48 30 70 59
NV . . . . . . 1,284 176 186 305 162 178 3 111 46 42 77
NH . . . . . . 719 124 169 99 83 90 3 48 25 42 34
NJ . . . . . . 4,325 739 1000 716 496 604 6 208 140 182 233
NM. . . . . . 916 129 203 163 98 127 7 69 35 32 54
NY . . . . . . 9,020 1,244 2,067 1,761 1,010 1,178 12 547 276 408 515
NC . . . . . . 4,290 611 917 675 500 517 28 307 167 324 243
ND . . . . . . 356 58 68 61 39 45 10 23 11 20 22
OH. . . . . . 5,700 784 1,144 977 574 754 24 294 195 548 405
OK . . . . . . 1,653 250 309 273 177 232 11 108 76 108 108
OR. . . . . . 1,843 293 381 307 195 228 37 113 50 131 106
PA . . . . . . 6,065 819 1,346 1,000 636 849 32 318 240 417 406
RI . . . . . . 550 74 127 102 60 74 2 29 15 42 25
SC . . . . . . 2,029 236 379 352 248 257 22 130 91 191 123
SD . . . . . . 429 77 76 66 45 61 9 24 14 32 25
TN . . . . . . 2,921 379 518 465 327 388 15 238 109 276 203
TX . . . . . . 11,047 1,521 2,086 1,816 1,281 1,536 72 922 434 662 715
UT . . . . . . 1,309 182 251 166 167 206 5 116 50 89 76
VT . . . . . . 341 50 87 55 33 42 3 24 11 21 15
VA . . . . . . 3,916 714 873 582 426 485 22 284 130 185 215
WA . . . . . 3,270 502 731 497 358 415 53 191 133 195 195
WV . . . . . 782 79 159 132 92 100 3 79 31 43 64
WI . . . . . . 2,930 395 555 463 335 403 27 153 113 301 185
WY . . . . . 280 39 50 44 25 33 5 32 15 15 23
Z Less than 500.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics, Geographic Profile of Employment and
Unemployment, 2007. See Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/gps/>.
Natural
resources, Production,
Sex, race, and educational attainment Managerial, construc- transporta-
profes- tion, and tion, and
Total sional, and Sales and mainte- material
employed related Service office nance moving
Total 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,172 48,666 18,353 29,704 13,544 15,905
Less than a high school diploma . . . . . . 11,521 734 3,376 1,504 2,892 3,015
High school graduates, no college . . . . . 36,857 5,704 7,277 10,178 5,918 7,781
Less than a bachelor’s degree . . . . . . . 34,612 11,126 5,314 10,670 3,701 3,801
College graduates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,182 31,103 2,385 7,352 1,033 1,308
White 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103,477 40,630 13,805 24,542 11,897 12,604
Less than a high school diploma . . . . 9,446 614 2,543 1,218 2,596 2,476
High school graduates, no college . . . 30,140 4,921 5,298 8,545 5,235 6,141
Less than a bachelor’s degree . . . . . . 28,355 9,362 4,082 8,756 3,185 2,970
College graduates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,535 25,733 1,882 6,022 881 1,016
Black 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,811 4,089 3,110 3,267 1,008 2,338
Less than a high school diploma . . . . 1,293 66 542 172 172 341
High school graduates, no college . . . 4,783 533 1,439 1,143 451 1,216
Less than a bachelor’s degree . . . . . . 4,300 1,187 869 1,316 309 619
College graduates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,435 2,302 260 635 76 161
Asian 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,200 3,121 935 1,269 270 606
Less than a high school diploma . . . . 425 36 176 54 37 121
High school graduates, no college . . . 1,136 141 352 309 76 257
Less than a bachelor’s degree . . . . . . 1,048 320 208 312 98 110
College graduates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,592 2,624 199 593 58 117
Hispanic 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,973 3,294 3,978 3,254 3,318 3,129
Less than a high school diploma . . . . 5,677 181 1,763 534 1,727 1,473
High school graduates, no college . . . 5,110 561 1,272 1,172 1,015 1,091
Less than a bachelor’s degree . . . . . . 3,542 938 651 1,085 437 431
College graduates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,644 1,614 293 463 139 135
1 2 3
Includes other races not shown separately. For persons in this race group only. See footnote 3, Table 568. Persons
of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be any race.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, unpublished data.
Population
(1,000) Jobseekers’ job search methods (percent)
Sent out
a
Characteristic resume Average
or filled Placed Friends Public Private number
Total Total out or or employ- employ- of
unem- job- Employer appli- answered rela- ment ment methods
ployed seekers 1 directly cations ads tives agency agency used
Total, 16 years and over 2 . . . 7,078 6,102 57.4 50.7 16.0 21.7 17.7 7.6 1.84
16 to 19 years old . . . . . . . . 1,101 1,039 55.5 55.6 9.7 14.6 8.1 2.6 1.54
20 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . 1,241 1,136 59.3 52.5 15.1 20.1 15.4 6.1 1.80
25 to 34 years old . . . . . . . . 1,544 1,329 57.6 50.3 17.5 23.4 19.4 7.8 1.91
35 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . 1,225 1,019 59.3 48.9 18.3 25.3 22.4 11.0 2.00
45 to 54 years old . . . . . . . . 1,135 934 58.1 49.1 18.3 23.5 22.5 10.1 1.98
55 to 64 years old . . . . . . . . 642 512 52.9 47.3 18.1 23.8 20.8 9.5 1.89
65 years old and over . . . . . 190 134 50.3 39.5 13.3 28.1 12.7 5.6 1.64
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,882 3,266 58.3 48.5 15.7 23.2 17.8 7.8 1.85
16 to 19 years old . . . . . . 623 588 55.3 54.9 9.9 15.0 8.0 2.7 1.54
20 to 24 years old . . . . . . 721 649 59.3 49.9 15.4 21.6 15.3 5.9 1.79
25 to 34 years old . . . . . . 856 701 59.2 45.8 15.9 25.9 19.5 8.0 1.89
35 to 44 years old . . . . . . 634 502 61.1 47.4 18.0 28.2 23.3 12.8 2.06
45 to 54 years old . . . . . . 591 470 59.3 46.8 20.0 25.3 24.1 10.5 2.04
55 to 64 years old . . . . . . 349 276 55.3 45.6 18.1 23.2 20.6 9.2 1.91
65 years old and over . . . 108 80 50.7 39.2 11.7 29.5 13.7 5.7 1.66
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,196 2,836 56.3 53.3 16.2 20.0 17.6 7.4 1.84
16 to 19 years old . . . . . . 478 451 55.7 56.5 9.6 14.0 8.4 2.5 1.55
20 to 24 years old . . . . . . 520 486 59.3 56.0 14.8 18.1 15.6 6.4 1.82
25 to 34 years old . . . . . . 688 628 55.9 55.3 19.3 20.5 19.3 7.6 1.93
35 to 44 years old . . . . . . 591 517 57.6 50.4 18.5 22.5 21.6 9.2 1.94
45 to 54 years old . . . . . . 544 464 56.9 51.3 16.6 21.7 20.9 9.7 1.92
55 to 64 years old . . . . . . 293 236 50.0 49.4 18.1 24.5 21.1 9.8 1.88
65 years old and over . . . 81 54 49.6 39.8 15.7 26.0 11.3 5.4 1.61
White 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,143 4,337 57.5 51.1 16.5 21.8 16.5 7.3 1.85
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,869 2,353 58.5 48.7 16.0 23.3 16.6 7.6 1.85
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,274 1,985 56.2 53.9 17.1 20.2 16.4 7.0 1.84
Black 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,445 1,323 58.1 49.7 15.0 20.7 22.3 8.2 1.85
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 752 683 57.9 48.0 15.2 21.9 22.6 8.3 1.84
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693 641 58.3 51.6 14.7 19.5 22.0 8.1 1.86
Asian 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 212 56.5 45.5 13.2 27.5 13.2 9.3 1.84
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 111 58.3 44.5 13.4 29.6 14.5 10.3 1.91
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 101 54.4 46.6 12.9 25.2 11.8 8.2 1.76
Hispanic 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,220 1,035 56.8 42.7 12.9 30.2 16.5 6.8 1.78
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695 567 58.7 39.7 12.1 32.4 16.2 6.9 1.77
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525 469 54.4 46.4 14.0 27.7 16.9 6.6 1.78
1
Excludes persons on temporary layoff. 2 Includes other races not shown separately. 3
Data for this race group only. See
footnote 3, Table 568. 4 Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be any race.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, ‘‘Employment and Earnings Online,’’ January 2008 issue. See Internet site
<http://www.bls.gov/opub/ee/home.htm> and <http://www.bls.gov/cps/home.htm>.
Male Female
Industry 1 1 1 1 1
2000 2005 2006 2007 2000 2007 2000 2007
All unemployed 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... 4.0 5.1 4.6 4.6 3.9 4.7 4.1 4.5
Wage and salary workers:
Agriculture and related industries . . . . . . ...... . . . 9.0 8.3 7.2 6.3 8.3 5.4 11.5 9.4
Mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . 4.4 3.1 3.2 3.4 4.6 3.3 2.8 4.1
Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . 6.2 7.4 6.7 7.4 6.4 7.5 5.1 6.6
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . 3.5 4.9 4.2 4.3 3.0 3.8 4.5 5.4
Wholesale trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . 3.3 4.0 3.2 3.3 2.8 2.6 4.4 4.9
Retail trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . 4.6 5.7 5.4 5.1 4.0 4.8 5.1 5.4
Transportation and utilities . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . 3.4 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.2 3.8 4.2 4.5
Transportation and warehousing . . . . . ...... . . . 3.8 4.5 4.3 4.3 1.9 4.2 4.6 4.8
Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.5 2.8 1.4 2.1 2.0
Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . 3.2 5.0 3.7 3.6 2.7 3.4 3.7 3.9
Telecommunications . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . 2.3 5.2 3.6 3.1 1.5 3.1 3.3 3.3
Financial activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . 2.4 2.9 2.7 3.0 2.1 2.9 2.6 3.1
Finance and insurance . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . 2.2 2.7 2.6 2.7 1.7 2.5 2.5 2.8
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . ...... . . . 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.7 2.9 3.6 3.2 3.8
Professional and business services . . . . . ...... . . . 4.8 6.2 5.6 5.3 4.4 5.2 5.2 5.5
Professional and technical services . . . ...... . . . 2.5 3.5 3.0 3.0 2.2 2.7 2.9 3.4
Management, administrative, and waste services . . . 8.1 10.2 9.3 8.5 7.6 8.5 8.8 8.5
Education and health services . . . . . . . . ...... . . . 2.5 3.4 3.0 3.0 2.2 3.0 2.5 3.0
Educational services . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . 2.4 3.7 3.1 3.8 2.1 4.3 2.5 3.5
Health care and social assistance . . . . ...... . . . 2.5 3.3 3.0 2.8 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.9
Leisure and hospitality . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . 6.6 7.8 7.3 7.4 6.2 7.2 7.0 7.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation . . . ...... . . . 5.9 6.9 7.2 7.3 6.1 8.2 5.7 6.2
Accommodation and food services. . . . ...... . . . 6.8 8.0 7.3 7.4 6.2 7.0 7.3 7.7
Other services 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . 3.9 4.8 4.7 3.9 3.7 3.6 4.0 4.2
Government workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . 2.1 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.4
1 2
See footnote 2, Table 567. Includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and persons with no previous work
experience not shown separately. 3 Includes private household workers.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, ‘‘Employment and Earnings Online,’’ January 2008 issue. See Internet site
<http://www.bls.gov/opub/ee/home.htm> and <http://www.bls.gov/cps/home.htm>.
[Annual averages of monthly data. (109,487 represents 109,487,000). Based on data from establishment reports. Includes all full- and part-time employees who worked during, or received pay for, any part of the pay
period reported. Excludes proprietors, the self-employed, farm workers, unpaid family workers, private household workers, and Armed Forces. Establishment data shown here conform to industry definitions in the 2007
North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) and are adjusted to March 2007 employment benchmarks. Based on the Current Employment Statistics Program; see source and Appendix III]
Private industry
Trans- Real Profes- Adminis- Health Arts, Accom-
Item and year portation Finance estate sional trative care and entertain- moda-
Con- Manu- Whole- and and and rental and tech- and Educa- social ment, and tions and
Total struc- fac- sale Retail ware- Infor- insur- and nical waste tional assist- recre- food Govern-
1
nonfarm Total tion turing trade trade housing Utilities mation ance leasing services services services ance ation services ment
EMPLOYEES
(1,000)
1990 . . . . . . . 109,487 91,072 5,263 17,695 5,268 13,182 3,476 740 2,688 4,976 1,637 4,538 4,643 1,688 9,296 1,132 8,156 18,415
2000 . . . . . . . 131,785 110,995 6,787 17,263 5,933 15,280 4,410 601 3,630 5,677 2,011 6,702 8,168 2,390 12,718 1,788 10,074 20,790
2002 . . . . . . . 130,341 108,828 6,716 15,259 5,652 15,025 4,224 596 3,395 5,814 2,033 6,649 7,622 2,643 13,556 1,783 10,203 21,513
2004 . . . . . . . 131,435 109,814 6,976 14,315 5,663 15,058 4,249 564 3,118 5,945 2,086 6,747 7,923 2,763 14,190 1,850 10,643 21,621
2005 . . . . . . . 133,703 111,899 7,336 14,226 5,764 15,280 4,361 554 3,061 6,019 2,134 7,025 8,170 2,836 14,536 1,892 10,923 21,804
2006 . . . . . . . 136,086 114,113 7,691 14,155 5,905 15,353 4,470 549 3,038 6,156 2,173 7,357 8,398 2,901 14,925 1,929 11,181 21,974
2007 . . . . . . . 137,623 115,420 7,614 13,884 6,028 15,491 4,536 553 3,029 6,147 2,162 7,662 8,454 2,949 15,378 1,978 11,496 22,203
WEEKLY
EARNINGS 2
(dol.)
1990 . . . . . . . (NA) 349.75 513.43 436.16 444.48 235.62 471.72 670.40 479.50 378.21 286.96 504.83 273.60 (NA) 319.80 219.02 147.89 (NA)
2000 . . . . . . . (NA) 481.01 685.78 590.77 631.40 333.38 562.31 955.66 700.86 589.64 396.38 745.77 387.49 (NA) 449.27 273.79 207.44 (NA)
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
2002 . . . . . . . (NA) 506.75 711.82 618.75 644.38 360.81 579.75 979.09 737.77 632.34 420.30 784.03 418.68 (NA) 495.17 301.84 214.60 (NA)
2004 . . . . . . . (NA) 529.09 735.55 658.49 667.09 371.13 614.82 1,048.44 777.25 683.78 455.44 828.25 425.64 (NA) 537.87 313.01 221.68 (NA)
2005 . . . . . . . (NA) 544.33 750.22 673.33 685.00 377.58 618.58 1,095.90 805.08 703.51 487.99 862.79 431.92 (NA) 560.43 330.19 226.48 (NA)
2006 . . . . . . . (NA) 567.87 781.21 691.02 718.63 383.02 636.97 1,135.34 850.42 738.17 496.59 907.74 464.97 (NA) 581.55 332.66 236.70 (NA)
2007 . . . . . . . (NA) 589.72 816.06 711.36 748.90 385.20 654.83 1,182.17 873.63 774.52 518.30 954.03 485.85 (NA) 606.90 349.34 251.24 (NA)
WEEKLY
HOURS 2
1990 . . . . . . . (NA) 34.3 38.3 40.5 38.4 30.6 37.7 41.5 35.8 36.4 33.1 36.1 32.3 (NA) 31.8 26.1 25.9 (NA)
2000 . . . . . . . (NA) 34.3 39.2 41.3 38.8 30.7 37.4 42.0 36.8 37.1 32.6 36.2 33.1 (NA) 32.1 25.6 26.2 (NA)
2002 . . . . . . . (NA) 33.9 38.4 40.5 38.0 30.9 36.8 40.9 36.5 36.6 32.8 35.6 33.0 (NA) 32.3 25.7 25.8 (NA)
2004 . . . . . . . (NA) 33.7 38.3 40.8 37.8 30.7 37.2 40.9 36.3 36.6 32.8 35.6 32.9 (NA) 32.7 25.7 25.6 (NA)
2005 . . . . . . . (NA) 33.8 38.6 40.7 37.7 30.6 37.0 41.1 36.5 36.8 33.5 35.7 32.8 (NA) 32.9 25.7 25.7 (NA)
2006 . . . . . . . (NA) 33.9 39.0 41.1 38.0 30.5 36.9 41.4 36.6 36.8 32.9 35.9 33.4 (NA) 32.8 25.2 25.8 (NA)
2007 . . . . . . . (NA) 33.8 39.0 41.2 38.2 30.2 36.9 42.4 36.5 37.0 32.9 35.9 33.5 (NA) 32.8 24.8 25.6 (NA)
HOURLY
EARNINGS 2
(dol.)
1990 . . . . . . . (NA) 10.20 13.42 10.78 11.58 7.71 12.50 16.14 13.40 10.40 8.66 13.99 8.48 (NA) 10.05 8.41 5.70 (NA)
2000 . . . . . . . (NA) 14.02 17.48 14.32 16.28 10.86 15.05 22.75 19.07 15.90 12.15 20.61 11.69 (NA) 13.98 10.68 7.92 (NA)
2002 . . . . . . . (NA) 14.97 18.52 15.29 16.98 11.67 15.76 23.96 20.20 17.28 12.81 22.01 12.69 (NA) 15.32 11.75 8.31 (NA)
2004 . . . . . . . (NA) 15.69 19.23 16.14 17.65 12.08 16.52 25.61 21.40 18.70 13.89 23.23 12.94 (NA) 16.45 12.17 8.65 (NA)
2005 . . . . . . . (NA) 16.13 19.46 16.56 18.16 12.36 16.70 26.68 22.06 19.09 14.57 24.15 13.16 (NA) 17.05 12.85 8.80 (NA)
2006 . . . . . . . (NA) 16.76 20.02 16.81 18.91 12.57 17.28 27.40 23.23 20.05 15.08 25.27 13.93 (NA) 17.75 13.21 9.19 (NA)
2007 . . . . . . . (NA) 17.42 20.95 17.26 19.59 12.76 17.73 27.87 23.94 20.92 15.76 26.54 14.49 (NA) 18.48 14.11 9.81 (NA)
NA Not available. 1 Includes other industries not shown separately. 2 Average hours and earnings of production workers for natural resources and mining, manufacturing, and construction; average hours and
397
Profes-
Trade, sional Educa-
transpor- Finan- and tion and Leisure
State tation, cial business health and Other
Con- Manu- and Infor- activ- ser- ser- hospi- ser- Govern-
1
Total struction facturing utilities mation ities 2 vices 3 vices 4 tality 5 vices 6 ment
U.S. . . 137,623 7,614 13,884 26,608 3,029 8,308 17,962 18,327 13,474 5,491 22,203
AL . . . . . 2,006 113 297 396 28 100 221 209 174 81 376
AK. . . . . 318 18 13 64 7 15 25 37 32 12 82
AZ . . . . . 2,666 224 182 525 43 184 402 304 273 97 423
AR. . . . . 1,204 56 189 250 20 53 117 154 99 45 210
CA. . . . . 15,163 892 1,463 2,911 473 907 2,263 1,664 1,553 514 2,497
GA . . . . 4,147 222 431 888 115 231 560 456 397 161 676
7
HI . . . . . 624 39 15 121 11 30 76 73 110 27 122
ID . . . . . 656 53 66 132 11 33 83 74 63 19 118
IL . . . . . 5,981 271 676 1,212 116 405 869 779 531 262 851
IN . . . . . 2,988 151 550 588 40 139 290 396 284 112 432
NJ . . . . . 4,074 172 313 876 98 275 608 580 340 164 648
NM . . . . 843 59 37 144 16 35 109 111 88 30 195
NY. . . . . 8,738 351 554 1,526 265 731 1,137 1,602 699 363 1,504
NC . . . . 4,146 255 539 778 73 211 500 514 394 180 695
ND . . . . 358 19 26 76 8 20 30 51 33 15 76
OH . . . . 5,424 225 773 1,051 88 301 666 790 500 222 798
OK . . . . 1,566 71 150 288 29 84 181 193 140 63 321
OR . . . . 1,732 104 204 340 36 107 198 212 172 60 290
PA . . . . . 5,796 263 658 1,135 107 332 704 1,074 500 257 744
RI . . . . . 493 22 51 80 11 35 56 99 51 23 65
SC. . . . . 1,950 128 250 377 28 106 227 201 218 74 338
7
SD. . . . . 406 23 42 82 7 31 28 60 43 16 76
7
TN. . . . . 2,797 138 381 611 50 144 322 350 276 103 421
TX . . . . . 10,359 642 935 2,104 221 644 1,291 1,255 980 354 1,728
UT. . . . . 1,252 104 128 246 32 75 161 140 113 36 207
VT . . . . . 308 17 36 59 6 13 22 57 33 10 54
VA . . . . . 3,761 241 279 668 91 194 644 417 346 185 686
WA . . . . 2,932 208 293 553 103 155 345 348 281 105 533
WV . . . . 757 39 59 143 11 30 61 114 71 56 145
WI . . . . . 2,882 126 501 547 50 163 277 399 262 138 416
WY . . . . 288 26 10 55 4 11 18 23 34 12 67
1 2
Includes natural resources and mining, not shown separately. Finance and insurance; real estate and rental and
3
leasing. Professional, scientific, and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and
4
support and waste management and remediation services. Education services; health care and social assistance. 5 Arts,
entertainment, and recreation; accommodations and food services. 6 Includes repair and maintenance; personal and laundry
7
services; and membership associations and organizations. Natural resources and mining included with construction.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Current Employment Statistics program Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/sae/home.htm>.
Compiled from data supplied by cooperating state agencies.
1999:
March . . . . . . . . . . 353 8,585 6,626 1,959 8,232 6,395 1,837
June . . . . . . . . . . . 644 8,539 6,661 1,878 7,895 6,210 1,685
September . . . . . . . 588 8,571 6,734 1,837 7,983 6,250 1,733
December . . . . . . . 1,005 8,749 6,956 1,793 7,744 6,076 1,668
2000:
March . . . . . . . . . . 789 8,792 6,924 1,868 8,003 6,341 1,662
June . . . . . . . . . . . 492 8,499 6,814 1,685 8,007 6,387 1,620
September . . . . . . . 296 8,506 6,728 1,778 8,210 6,483 1,727
December . . . . . . . 295 8,400 6,702 1,698 8,105 6,433 1,672
2001:
March . . . . . . . . . . −156 8,436 6,694 1,742 8,592 6,717 1,875
June . . . . . . . . . . . −792 8,009 6,319 1,690 8,801 7,050 1,751
September . . . . . . . −1,184 7,608 5,917 1,691 8,792 6,991 1,801
December . . . . . . . −960 7,591 5,932 1,659 8,551 6,858 1,693
2002:
March . . . . . . . . . . −39 8,049 6,259 1,790 8,088 6,424 1,664
June . . . . . . . . . . . −38 7,890 6,164 1,726 7,928 6,290 1,638
September . . . . . . . −171 7,608 6,015 1,593 7,779 6,248 1,531
December . . . . . . . −198 7,522 5,960 1,562 7,720 6,171 1,549
2003:
March . . . . . . . . . . −420 7,423 5,901 1,522 7,843 6,306 1,537
June . . . . . . . . . . . −96 7,415 5,944 1,471 7,511 6,040 1,471
September . . . . . . . 180 7,369 5,898 1,471 7,189 5,828 1,361
December . . . . . . . 332 7,560 6,027 1,533 7,228 5,792 1,436
2004:
March . . . . . . . . . . 439 7,669 6,174 1,495 7,230 5,796 1,434
June . . . . . . . . . . . 636 7,771 6,251 1,520 7,135 5,651 1,484
September . . . . . . . 182 7,612 6,036 1,576 7,430 5,889 1,541
December . . . . . . . 797 7,883 6,268 1,615 7,086 5,655 1,431
2005:
March . . . . . . . . . . 352 7,578 6,107 1,471 7,226 5,800 1,426
June . . . . . . . . . . . 590 7,796 6,248 1,548 7,206 5,789 1,417
September . . . . . . . 651 7,943 6,362 1,581 7,292 5,846 1,446
December . . . . . . . 539 7,846 6,278 1,568 7,307 5,936 1,371
2006:
March . . . . . . . . . . 774 7,679 6,261 1,418 6,905 5,633 1,272
June . . . . . . . . . . . 416 7,811 6,292 1,519 7,395 6,015 1,380
September . . . . . . . 11 7,473 6,032 1,441 7,462 6,110 1,352
December . . . . . . . 512 7,809 6,271 1,538 7,297 5,943 1,354
2007:
March . . . . . . . . . . 438 7,509 6,158 1,351 7,071 5,796 1,275
June . . . . . . . . . . . 241 7,644 6,257 1,387 7,403 6,008 1,395
September . . . . . . . −235 7,249 5,821 1,428 7,484 6,134 1,350
December . . . . . . . 317 7,650 6,213 1,437 7,333 5,985 1,348
1
Difference between the total gross job gains and total gross job losses.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Business Employment Dynamics: Fourth Quarter 2007, USDL 08-1141, August 12,
2008. See Internet site: <http://www.bls.gov/bdm/home.htm>.
Table 614. Average Percent Share of Private Sector Gross Job Gains and
Losses, by Firm Size: 1992 through 2007
[In percent. Covers third quarter 1992 through fourth quarter 2007. Data are for firms (legal businesses, either corporate or
otherwise, which may consist of several establishments). Based on the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages; for details
see source]
Employed
adults Form of employer support (percent)
enrolled
in work-
Characteristic related Financial Program
formal support taken
learning Any (tuition, Program during Salary paid
activities employer books, offered at regular during time
(1,000) support materials) workplace work hours of training
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 47,760 91 83 56 75 77
Age:
16 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,275 75 60 32 55 43
25 to 34 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,970 88 80 52 73 74
35 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,434 95 90 58 74 79
45 to 54 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,028 95 87 65 82 85
55 to 64 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,167 94 86 56 80 84
65 years old and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 886 91 73 63 77 83
Sex:
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 20,488 92 86 56 80 79
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 27,272 90 81 56 72 75
Race/ethnicity:
White, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,010 92 84 57 76 76
Black, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,133 89 81 60 75 78
Asian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic. . . . 1,376 95 91 54 72 84
Other, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,716 80 66 45 66 72
Hispanic 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,525 92 89 48 71 78
Educational attainment:
Less than high school . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 939 83 64 30 68 60
High school diploma or equivalent. . . . . . . 8,755 93 83 58 76 79
Some college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,532 89 82 55 74 76
BA degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,131 92 87 55 76 78
Graduate degree or higher . . . . . . . . . . . 8,404 93 82 60 75 76
Household income:
$20,000 or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,670 79 68 41 54 62
$20,001 to $35,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,981 88 81 54 67 70
$35,001 to $50,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,630 93 84 61 75 74
$50,001 to $75,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,443 92 84 53 74 76
$75,001 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,037 93 86 58 81 82
1
Persons of Hispanic origin may be any race.
Source: U.S. National Center for Education Statistics, Adult Education Survey of the National Household Education Surveys
Program 2005. See also<http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2006/adulted/index.asp>.
Race/ethnicity:
White, non-Hispanic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146,614 34 7 1 1 29
Black, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,467 34 6 2 2 27
Asian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic . . . . . . 7,080 35 12 1 1 24
Other, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,346 34 11 2 2 23
Hispanic 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,101 23 4 2 2 17
Educational attainment:
Less than high school . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,538 8 1 1 2 6
High school diploma or equivalent . . . . . . . . . 63,701 23 2 2 1 18
Some college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,657 43 14 2 2 32
BA degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,244 49 9 1 − 44
Graduate degree or higher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,466 55 8 1 1 51
1
− Represents or rounds to zero. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
Source: U.S. National Center for Education Statistics, Adult Education Survey of the National Household Education Surveys
Program 2005, unpublished data.
Table 618. Average Hours Worked Per Day by Employed Persons: 2007
[(155,502 represents 155,502,000). Civilian noninstitutional population 15 years old and over, except as indicated. Includes work
at main and any other job(s). Excludes travel related to work. Based on the American Time Use Survey, a survey conducted
continuously throughout the year, and subject to sampling error; see source for details]
Job-holding status:
Single job-holders. . . . . . 140,447 95,901 68.3 7.47 86.8 7.77 18.4 2.85
Multiple job-holders. . . . . 15,055 12,141 80.6 8.43 84 8.56 31.3 2.66
Educational attainment: 4
Less than high school . . . 11,503 8,073 70.2 7.88 92.6 7.92 6.2 (B)
High school diploma 5 . . . 38,947 26,457 67.9 7.87 90.6 8.01 12.8 2.91
Some college . . . . . . . . 34,697 23,596 68.0 7.67 86.6 7.97 19.7 2.78
BA degree or higher . . . . 45,418 33,834 74.5 7.47 78.8 7.94 34.5 2.77
1
B Percent not shown where base is less than 800,000. Represents doing activities that were ‘‘part of one’s job.’’
2
Percent of employed who worked on their diary day. 3 Full-time workers usually worked 35 or more hours per week at all jobs
4
combined; part-time workers fewer than 35 hours per week. For those 25 years old and over. 5 Or equivalent.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, American Time Use Survey—2007 Results Announced by BLS, News, USDL
08-0859, June 25, 2008. See Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/tus/home.htm>.
Average
2002 Indexes (1997 = 100) annual
Industry NAICS percent
code 1 1987 1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 change 2
Mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 85.5 85.1 101.7 111.0 96.0 87.2 0.1
Oil and gas extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 80.1 75.7 95.3 119.4 107.8 100.3 1.2
Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 69.8 79.3 94.0 106.3 114.0 110.6 2.5
Utilities:
Power generation and supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2211 65.6 71.1 88.5 107.0 114.3 115.4 3.0
Natural gas distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2212 67.8 71.4 89.0 113.2 122.2 119.0 3.0
Manufacturing:
Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty . . . . . 3114 92.4 87.6 98.3 111.8 132.0 126.9 1.7
Dairy products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3115 82.7 91.1 97.6 95.9 109.6 110.2 1.5
Animal slaughtering and processing . . . . . . . . . . . 3116 97.4 94.3 99.0 102.6 117.4 116.9 1.0
Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . 3118 100.9 94.5 100.7 108.3 115.4 110.5 0.5
Other food products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3119 97.5 92.5 104.1 112.6 116.2 116.3 0.9
Beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3121 77.1 87.6 103.2 90.8 120.3 112.0 2.0
Fabric mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3132 68.0 75.3 95.5 110.1 164.1 170.5 5.0
Cut-and-sew apparel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3152 69.8 70.1 85.2 119.8 113.5 117.6 2.8
Sawmills and wood preservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3211 77.6 79.4 90.4 105.4 127.3 129.7 2.7
Plywood and engineered wood products . . . . . . . . 3212 99.7 102.8 101.4 98.8 110.2 117.4 0.9
Other wood products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3219 103.0 105.3 99.8 103.0 126.3 125.3 1.0
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills . . . . . . . . . . . . 3221 81.7 84.0 98.4 116.3 147.7 151.1 3.3
Converted paper products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3222 89.0 90.1 97.2 101.1 114.8 116.6 1.4
Printing and related support activities . . . . . . . . . . 3231 97.6 97.5 98.9 104.6 119.5 121.1 1.1
Petroleum and coal products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3241 71.1 75.4 89.9 113.5 123.8 122.8 2.9
Basic chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3251 94.6 93.4 91.3 117.5 165.2 169.3 3.1
Resin, rubber, and artificial fibers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3252 77.4 76.4 95.4 109.8 130.5 134.9 3.0
Pharmaceuticals and medicines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3254 87.3 91.3 95.9 95.6 110.0 115.0 1.5
Plastics products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3261 83.1 85.2 94.5 112.3 135.6 133.8 2.5
Rubber products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3262 75.5 83.5 92.9 101.7 118.7 124.9 2.7
Glass and glass products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3272 82.4 79.1 87.5 108.1 123.1 132.9 2.5
Cement and concrete products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3273 93.6 96.6 99.7 101.6 106.5 103.1 0.5
Foundries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3315 81.4 86.5 93.1 103.6 128.6 131.8 2.6
Forging and stamping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3321 85.4 89.0 93.9 121.1 147.6 152.7 3.1
Architectural and structural metals . . . . . . . . . . . . 3323 88.7 87.9 93.3 100.6 109.2 113.5 1.3
Machine shops and threaded products . . . . . . . . . 3327 76.9 79.2 98.3 108.2 116.3 117.1 2.2
Coating, engraving, and heat treating metals . . . . . 3328 75.5 81.3 102.2 105.5 136.5 135.5 3.1
Other fabricated metal products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3329 91.0 86.5 96.3 99.9 112.5 117.7 1.4
Agriculture, construction, and mining machinery . . . 3331 74.6 83.3 95.4 100.3 129.4 129.1 2.9
Industrial machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3332 75.1 81.6 97.1 130.0 122.4 135.3 3.1
HVAC and commercial refrigeration equipment . . . . 3334 84.0 90.6 96.4 107.9 137.1 133.4 2.5
Metalworking machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3335 85.1 86.5 99.2 106.1 127.3 128.3 2.2
Other general purpose machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3339 83.5 86.8 94.0 113.7 138.4 143.8 2.9
Computer and peripheral equipment . . . . . . . . . . . 3341 11.9 14.7 49.8 235.0 543.3 715.7 24.1
Communications equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3342 39.8 48.4 74.4 164.1 143.7 178.2 8.2
Semiconductors and electronic components . . . . . . 3344 19.8 21.9 63.8 232.2 381.6 380.4 16.8
Electronic instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3345 70.2 78.5 97.9 116.7 146.6 150.6 4.1
Electrical equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3353 68.7 73.6 98.0 99.4 118.5 118.1 2.9
Other electrical equipment and components . . . . . . 3359 78.8 76.1 92.0 119.7 121.6 115.7 2.0
Motor vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3361 75.4 85.6 88.5 109.7 148.4 163.8 4.2
Motor vehicle bodies and trailers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3362 85.0 75.9 97.4 98.8 114.2 110.9 1.4
Motor vehicle parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3363 78.7 76.0 92.2 112.3 144.1 143.7 3.2
Aerospace products and parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3364 87.2 89.1 95.7 103.4 125.0 117.9 1.6
Ship and boat building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3366 95.5 99.6 93.1 121.9 131.7 127.3 1.5
Household and institutional furniture . . . . . . . . . . . 3371 85.2 88.2 97.2 101.9 120.8 124.0 2.0
Office furniture and fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3372 85.8 82.2 84.9 100.2 134.9 134.4 2.4
Medical equipment and supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3391 76.3 82.9 96.6 115.5 148.5 152.8 3.7
Other miscellaneous manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . 3399 85.4 90.5 95.9 113.6 137.8 143.2 2.8
Wholesale trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 73.2 79.9 94.0 116.6 135.2 141.1 3.5
Durable goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 62.3 67.5 90.1 125.1 167.3 175.8 5.6
Nondurable goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424 91.0 98.9 98.5 105.1 114.3 117.4 1.3
Electronic markets and agents and brokers . . . . . . 425 64.3 74.3 95.4 120.1 87.3 93.6 2.0
Retail trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44−45 79.1 81.4 94.0 116.1 141.5 148.5 3.4
Motor vehicle and parts dealers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441 78.3 82.7 95.5 114.3 127.0 129.8 2.7
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4411 79.2 84.1 95.8 113.7 123.8 126.8 2.5
Other motor vehicle dealers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4412 70.6 69.7 88.3 115.3 135.1 136.3 3.5
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores . . . . . . . 4413 71.8 79.0 95.2 108.4 115.9 115.8 2.5
Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . . . . . 442 75.1 79.0 93.7 115.9 151.4 162.6 4.2
Furniture stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4421 77.3 84.8 93.6 112.0 143.4 155.5 3.7
Home furnishings stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4422 71.3 71.0 93.3 121.0 161.9 172.6 4.8
Electronics and appliance stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443 38.0 47.7 87.8 173.7 369.6 416.2 13.4
Building material and garden supply stores . . . . . . 444 75.8 79.5 91.9 113.3 134.9 143.6 3.4
Building material and supplies dealers . . . . . . . . 4441 77.6 81.6 93.4 115.1 134.9 142.9 3.3
Lawn and garden equipment and supplies stores . 4442 66.9 69.0 83.9 103.1 135.6 150.1 4.3
Food and beverage stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 110.8 107.4 102.3 101.0 118.3 122.1 0.5
Grocery stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4451 111.1 106.9 102.7 101.1 117.1 119.2 0.4
Specialty food stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4452 138.5 127.2 102.9 98.5 127.7 153.3 0.5
Beer, wine, and liquor stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4453 93.6 97.6 94.2 105.7 141.8 148.8 2.5
Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446 84.0 91.0 91.4 112.2 133.2 139.7 2.7
Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447 83.9 84.2 99.4 107.7 124.6 121.8 2.0
See footnotes at end of table.
Item 1990 1995 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
INDEXES (1992 = 100)
Output per hour, business sector. . . . . . . . . . . 94.4 101.5 116.1 123.9 128.7 132.4 135.0 136.4 139.0
Nonfarm business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.5 102.0 115.7 123.5 128.0 131.6 134.1 135.4 137.9
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.9 111.0 139.1 151.0 160.4 163.9 171.9 173.8 179.7
Output, 1 business sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.9 111.4 140.5 143.1 147.5 153.7 159.3 164.3 168.1
Nonfarm business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.1 111.8 140.8 143.4 147.8 153.9 159.5 164.5 168.4
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.5 115.9 144.2 136.0 137.3 139.7 144.8 147.5 149.9
Hours, 2 business sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.7 109.7 121.0 115.4 114.6 116.1 118.0 120.5 121.0
Nonfarm business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.7 109.6 121.7 116.1 115.4 117.0 118.9 121.5 122.1
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.9 104.4 103.7 90.1 85.6 85.2 84.3 84.9 83.4
Compensation per hour, 3 business sector . . . . 90.6 105.8 134.7 145.3 151.2 156.9 163.2 169.6 178.1
Nonfarm business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.4 105.9 134.2 144.6 150.4 155.9 162.1 168.5 176.9
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.5 107.3 134.7 147.8 158.2 161.5 168.3 173.0 182.3
Real hourly compensation, 3 business sector. . . 96.2 98.7 112.0 115.7 117.7 119.0 119.7 120.5 123.0
Nonfarm business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.0 98.8 111.6 115.1 117.1 118.2 118.9 119.7 122.2
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.1 100.1 112.0 117.7 123.2 122.4 123.5 122.8 125.9
Unit labor costs, 4 business sector. . . . . . . . . . 96.0 104.2 116.0 117.3 117.5 118.5 120.9 124.4 128.2
Nonfarm business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.7 103.8 116.0 117.1 117.5 118.5 120.9 124.5 128.3
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.4 96.7 96.9 97.9 98.7 98.5 97.9 99.5 101.4
ANNUAL PERCENT CHANGE 5
Output per hour, business sector. . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 0.1 2.9 4.1 3.8 2.9 2.0 1.0 1.9
Nonfarm business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 0.5 2.8 4.1 3.7 2.8 1.9 1.0 1.8
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 4.5 4.1 6.9 6.2 2.2 4.9 1.1 3.4
Output, 1 business sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 2.9 3.9 1.5 3.1 4.2 3.6 3.1 2.3
Nonfarm business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 3.2 3.8 1.5 3.1 4.1 3.6 3.2 2.3
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −0.3 5.3 2.7 −0.7 1.0 1.7 3.7 1.8 1.6
Hours, 2 business sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −0.6 2.8 1.0 −2.5 −0.7 1.3 1.6 2.1 0.4
Nonfarm business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −0.4 2.8 1.0 −2.6 −0.6 1.3 1.7 2.2 0.5
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −2.5 0.7 −1.3 −7.1 −4.9 −0.5 −1.2 0.8 −1.7
Compensation per hour, 3 business sector . . . . 6.3 2.1 7.1 3.5 4.1 3.8 4.0 4.0 5.0
Nonfarm business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 2.1 7.2 3.6 4.0 3.6 4.0 3.9 4.9
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 1.9 9.1 7.2 7.0 2.1 4.2 2.8 5.4
Real hourly compensation, 3 business sector. . . 1.3 −0.3 3.6 1.9 1.8 1.0 0.6 0.7 2.1
Nonfarm business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 −0.3 3.7 2.0 1.8 0.9 0.6 0.6 2.1
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −0.5 −0.5 5.6 5.5 4.7 −0.6 0.9 −0.5 2.5
Unit labor costs, 4 business sector. . . . . . . . . . 4.1 1.9 4.1 −0.5 0.2 0.9 2.0 2.9 3.1
Nonfarm business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 1.6 4.2 −0.5 0.3 0.9 2.1 2.9 3.1
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 −2.6 4.9 0.3 0.8 −0.2 −0.6 1.7 1.9
1
Refers to gross sectoral product, annual weighted. 2 Hours at work of all persons engaged in the business and nonfarm
business sectors (employees, proprietors, and unpaid family workers); employees’ and proprietors’ hours in manufacturing.
3
Wages and salaries of employees plus employers’ contributions for social insurance and private benefit plans. Also includes an
estimate of same for self-employed. Real compensation deflated by the consumer price index for all urban consumers, see text,
Section 14. 4 Hourly compensation divided by output per hour. 5 All changes are from the immediate prior year.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Productivity and Costs, News USDL 08-0618, May 7, 2008; and Internet site
<http://www.bls.gov/lpc/home.htm>.
Table 621. Annual Total Compensation and Wages and Salary Accruals Per
Full-Time Equivalent Employee by Industry: 2000 to 2006
[In dollars. Wage and salary accruals include executives’ compensation, bonuses, tips, and payments-in-kind; total compensation
includes in addition to wages and salaries, employer contributions for social insurance, employer contributions to private and
welfare funds, director’s fees, jury and witness fees, etc. Based on the 1997 North American Industry Classification System
(NAICS); see text, this section]
Employment and wages Unit 1995 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Average annual employment:
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . . 115,488 129,877 128,234 127,796 129,278 131,572 133,834
Excluding federal . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . . 112,540 127,006 125,475 125,032 126,539 128,838 131,105
Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . . 96,895 110,015 107,577 107,066 108,490 110,611 112,719
State government . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . . 4,202 4,370 4,485 4,482 4,485 4,528 4,566
Local governments . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . . 11,442 12,620 13,413 13,484 13,564 13,699 13,820
Federal government . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . . 2,948 2,871 2,759 2,764 2,740 2,734 2,729
Annual wages:
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . . 3,216 4,588 4,714 4,826 5,088 5,352 5,693
Excluding federal . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . . 3,102 4,455 4,571 4,676 4,929 5,188 5,523
Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . . 2,659 3,888 3,931 4,016 4,246 4,480 4,781
State government . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . . 128 159 176 180 184 191 200
Local governments . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . . 315 409 464 481 499 517 541
Federal government . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol. . . . 114 133 144 150 158 164 170
Average wage per employee:
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dol. . . . . . 27,846 35,323 36,764 37,765 39,354 40,677 42,535
Excluding federal . . . . . . . . . . . Dol. . . . . . 27,567 35,077 36,428 37,401 38,955 40,270 42,124
Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dol. . . . . . 27,441 35,337 36,539 37,508 39,134 40,505 42,414
State government . . . . . . . . . . . . Dol. . . . . . 30,497 36,296 39,212 40,057 41,118 42,249 43,875
Local governments . . . . . . . . . . . Dol. . . . . . 27,552 32,387 34,605 35,669 36,805 37,718 39,179
Federal government . . . . . . . . . . Dol. . . . . . 38,523 46,228 52,050 54,239 57,782 59,864 62,274
SEX
Male. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,107 58,406 60,298 641 722 766
16 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,770 6,396 6,458 375 409 443
25 years old and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,337 52,010 53,840 693 771 823
OCCUPATION
Management, professional and related occupations . . . . . 34,831 36,908 39,147 810 937 996
Management, business, and financial operations . . . . . . 14,240 14,977 15,977 877 997 1,080
Management occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,952 10,340 11,009 937 1,083 1,161
Business and financial operations occupations . . . . . 4,288 4,637 4,968 760 871 941
Professional and related occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,590 21,931 23,170 770 902 951
Computer and mathematical occupations . . . . . . . . . 3,051 2,924 3,117 938 1,132 1,229
Architecture and engineering occupations . . . . . . . . . 2,781 2,509 2,633 949 1,105 1,213
Life, physical, and social science occupations . . . . . . 989 1,164 1,152 811 965 1,053
Community and social services occupations . . . . . . . 1,641 1,797 1,893 629 725 755
Legal occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,039 1,162 1,167 919 1,052 1,148
Education, training, and library occupations . . . . . . . 5,467 6,066 6,500 704 798 841
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media . . . . . 1,488 1,488 1,568 724 819 829
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations . . . 4,134 4,821 5,140 727 878 920
Service occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,595 14,123 14,716 365 413 454
Healthcare support occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,731 2,085 2,187 358 410 454
Protective service occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,281 2,549 2,736 591 678 719
Food preparation and serving-related occupations . . . . . 3,483 4,007 4,107 317 356 385
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance . . . . . . 3,354 3,425 3,520 351 394 422
Personal care and service occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,746 2,057 2,166 351 409 434
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,606 25,193 25,702 492 575 598
Sales and related occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,650 10,031 10,448 525 622 643
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . 15,956 15,161 15,253 480 550 581
CHILD LABOR
Cases with child labor violations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 1.6 1.1 1.1 1.2
Minors employed in violation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 5.8 3.7 3.7 4.7
FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE ACT (FMLA)
Complaint cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.4 2.8 2.2 2.0
Violation cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.1
No violation cases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 1.8 1.4 1.1 0.9
Source: U.S. Employment Standards Administration, ‘‘2007 Statistics Fact Sheet,’’ December 2007 <http://www.dol.gov/esa/whd/>.
Number of workers
Number of workers paid hourly rates at or below prevailing
(1,000) federal minimum wage
Characteristic Below At
(federal (federal Percent of
minimum minimum Number hourly paid
Total wage) wage) (1,000) workers
Total, 16 years old and over 1 . . . . . 75,873 1,462 267 1,729 2.3
16 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . . 16,275 669 145 814 5.0
25 years old and over . . . . . . . . 59,597 793 122 915 1.5
Female, 16 years old and over . . . . 38,082 1,002 181 1,183 3.1
16 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . . 7,961 479 93 572 7.2
25 years old and over . . . . . . . . 30,121 523 88 611 2.0
White 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,061 1,216 204 1,420 2.3
Black 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,965 150 55 205 2.1
Asian 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,730 50 1 50 1.8
3
Hispanic origin .............. 13,168 205 41 246 1.9
State
and Private industry workers
Compensation local
component Total govern- Goods Service Non- Full- Part-
civilian ment produc- provid- Union union time time
workers workers Total ing 1 ing 2 workers workers workers workers
Total compensation . . . . 28.11 37.73 26.42 30.94 25.30 36.09 25.29 29.99 14.67
Wages and salaries . . . . . . . . 19.62 25.04 18.67 20.62 18.18 22.34 18.24 20.86 11.45
Total benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.49 12.69 7.75 10.32 7.12 13.75 7.05 9.13 3.21
Paid leave. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.96 2.97 1.79 1.97 1.74 2.78 1.67 2.18 0.48
Vacation . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.95 1.12 0.91 1.05 0.88 1.43 0.85 (NA) (NA)
Holiday . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.63 0.89 0.59 0.71 0.56 0.84 0.56 (NA) (NA)
Sick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.73 0.22 0.17 0.23 0.36 0.20 (NA) (NA)
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.09 0.22 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.14 0.05 (NA) (NA)
Supplemental pay. . . . . . . . 0.72 0.34 0.79 1.27 0.67 1.19 0.74 0.95 0.23
Insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.34 4.25 2.01 2.83 1.81 4.17 1.76 2.40 0.72
Health insurance . . . . . . . 2.21 4.11 1.87 2.62 1.69 3.90 1.63 (NA) (NA)
Retirement and savings . . . . 1.24 2.86 0.95 1.43 0.84 2.47 0.78 1.17 0.24
Defined benefit . . . . . . . . 0.75 2.54 0.43 0.82 0.34 1.78 0.28 (NA) (NA)
Defined contributions . . . . 0.49 0.32 0.52 0.61 0.50 0.69 0.50 (NA) (NA)
Legally required . . . . . . . . . 2.23 2.27 2.22 2.83 2.07 3.14 2.11 2.42 1.55
Social security and
Medicare . . . . . . . . . . . 1.59 1.77 1.56 1.76 1.51 1.96 1.51 (NA) (NA)
Social security. . . . . . . 1.27 1.37 1.25 1.42 1.21 1.58 1.21 (NA) (NA)
Medicare . . . . . . . . . . 0.32 0.40 0.31 0.34 0.30 0.38 0.30 (NA) (NA)
Federal unemployment. . . 0.03 − 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 (NA) (NA)
State unemployment . . . . 0.14 0.06 0.16 0.20 0.14 0.22 0.15 (NA) (NA)
Workers’ compensation . . 0.47 0.43 0.47 0.84 0.38 0.92 0.42 (NA) (NA)
− Represents or rounds to zero. NA Not available. 1 Based on the North American Industry Classification System, 2002
(NAICS). See text, this section. Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting
sector is excluded. 2 Based on the 2002 NAICS. Includes utilities; wholesale and retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of
companies and enterprises, administrative and waste services; education services; health care and social assistance; arts,
entertainment, and recreation; accommodations and food services; and other services, except public administration.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employer Costs for Employee Compensation, News, USDL 07-0453, March 12, 2008.
See Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/home.htm>.
ESTABLISHMENT CHARACTERISTIC
1 to 99 workers . . . . . .............. . . . 45 9 42 59 30 19 55
100 or more workers. . .............. . . . 78 34 70 84 64 40 81
Goods producing 4 . . . .............. . . . 70 29 62 85 54 33 81
Service producing 4 . . .............. . . . 58 19 53 67 44 28 64
1
Employees may have access to both defined benefit and defined contribution plans. Total excludes duplication.
2
Employees are classified as working either a full-time or part-time schedule based on the definition used by each
establishment. 3 Union workers are those whose wages are determined through collective bargaining. 4 See footnotes 3 and
4, Table 612, for composition of goods and service producing industries.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employee Benefits in Private Industry in the United States, March 2007, Summary
07-05, August 2007. See Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/home.htm>.
[As of March. Based on National Compensation Survey. The NCS benefits survey obtained data from 12,821 private industry establishments of all sizes, representing over 108 million workers; see Appendix III. See
also Tables 149 and 150. For explanation of benefits, see source]
Nonunion 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 57 77 37 48 8 83 14 5 10 12 5 5
Average wage, less than $15 per hour. . . . . . . . 67 44 69 30 39 5 80 9 3 5 7 2 2
Average wage, $15 per hour or more . . . . . . . . 88 72 88 48 59 11 88 22 7 17 19 8 9
ESTABLISHMENT CHARACTERISTIC
Goods producing 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 47 85 33 50 6 84 12 3 10 8 3 3
Service producing 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 60 76 40 48 9 83 15 6 11 14 5 6
1 to 99 workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 48 71 27 36 6 75 5 2 3 4 3 3
100 or more workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 67 85 51 62 10 93 25 9 19 21 6 8
GEOGRAPHIC AREA 7
New England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 65 75 43 52 9 88 17 8 13 14 6 9
Middle Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 64 80 48 53 8 84 15 7 11 13 7 6
East North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 53 76 42 50 8 81 18 6 13 13 5 3
West North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 54 75 31 47 6 82 14 5 9 12 3 5
South Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 54 79 34 50 9 84 12 4 8 13 5 3
East South Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 54 80 38 43 6 89 8 3 5 9 3 2
West South Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 56 79 36 47 8 81 16 5 10 11 4 3
Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 56 75 37 46 6 80 15 3 12 11 5 9
Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 59 76 35 44 10 84 15 4 12 12 3 10
1
Includes employer-provided funds not shown separately. 2 Arrangements permitting employees to work at home several days of the work week. 3 Employers subsidize employees’ cost of commuting to and
from work via public transportation, company-sponsored van pool, discounted subway fares, etc. 4 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or part-time schedule based on the definition used by each
5 6 7
establishment. Union workers are those whose wages are determined through collective bargaining. See footnotes 3 and 4, Table 612, for composition of goods and service producing industries. For
composition of divisions, see map, inside front cover.
415
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employee Benefits in Private Industry in the United States, March 2007, Summary 07-05, August 2007. See Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/home.htm>.
Table 635. Workers Killed or Disabled on the Job: 1970 to 2006
[Data for 2006 are preliminary estimates (1.7 represents 1,700). Excludes homicides and suicides. Estimates based on data
from the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, state vital statistics departments, state industrial commissions and beginning
1995, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Census of Occupational Fatalities. Numbers of workers based on data from the U.S. Bureau of
Labor Statistics]
Table 636. Worker Deaths, Injuries, and Production Time Lost: 2000 to 2006
[47.0 represents 47,000. Data may not agree with Table 638 because data here are not revised]
1
Deaths Disabling injuries Production time lost
(1,000) (mil.) (mil. days)
Item 2
In current year In future years
2000 2005 2006 2000 2005 2006 2000 2005 2006 2000 2005 2006
All accidents . . . . . . . 47.0 54.3 58.2 10.5 11.9 13.1 240 275 305 460 535 580
On the job . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 5.0 5.0 3.9 3.7 3.7 80 80 80 60 65 65
Off the job . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.8 49.3 53.2 6.6 8.2 9.4 160 195 225 400 470 515
Motor vehicle . . . . . . . . . 22.8 24.1 24.0 1.2 1.3 1.3 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
Public nonmotor vehicle. . 8.3 10.0 11.0 2.8 3.3 3.7 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
Home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 15.2 18.2 2.6 3.6 4.4 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
NA Not available. 1 See footnote 2, Table 635, for a definition of disabling injuries. 2
Based on an average of 5,850 days
lost in future years per fatality and 565 days lost in future years per permanent injury.
Source: National Safety Council, Itasca, IL, Injury Facts, annual (copyright).
Table 637. Industries With the Highest Total Case Incidence Rates for Nonfatal
Injuries and Illnesses: 2006
[Rates refer to any Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)-recordable occupational injury or illness, whether or not
it resulted in days away from work, job transfer, or restriction. Incidence rates were calculated as: Number of injuries and illnesses
divided by total hours worked by all employees during the year multiplied by 200,000 as base for 100 full-time equivalent workers
working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks per year]
2002 2002
1 1
Industry NAICS Industry NAICS
code Rate code Rate
Private industry 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 4.4 Aluminum foundries (except die-casting) . . 331524 12.1
Nonclay refractory manufacturing . . . . . . . 327125 16.9 Metal tank (heavy gauge) manufacturing . . 33242 11.9
Motor home manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . 336213 16.8 Motor vehicle body manufacturing . . . . . . 336211 11.8
Iron foundries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331511 15.1 Beet sugar manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . 311313 11.7
Light truck and utility vehicle Amusement and theme parks . . . . . . . . . 71311 11.7
manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336112 14.6 Couriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4291 11.0
Prefabricated wood building Ambulance services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62191 11.0
manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321992 14.3 Iron and steel forging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332111 10.9
Truck trailer manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . 336212 13.9
Manufactured (mobile) home Heavy duty truck manufacturing . . . . . . . . 33612 10.9
manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321991 13.2 Scheduled passenger air transportation . . . 481111 10.8
Skiing facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71392 13.2 Ship building and repairing . . . . . . . . . . . 336611 10.7
Travel trailer and camper manufacturing . . 336214 13.1 Soft drink manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312111 10.6
Sports teams and clubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711211 12.8 Household furniture (except wood and
Animal slaughtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311611 12.5 metal) manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337125 10.6
Steel foundries (except investment) . . . . . 331513 12.1
1
X Not applicable. Based on the North American Industry Classification System, 2002 (NAICS). See text, this section.
2
Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Workplace Injuries and Illnesses in 2006. See Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/iif/>.
2002 2002
Industry NAICS Industry NAICS
code 1 Rate code 1 Rate
Private industry 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 4.4 Truck transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484 5.8
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, hunting 2 . . . . . 11 6.0 Support activities for transportation . . . . . 488 4.5
Crop production 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 5.8 Couriers and messengers . . . . . . . . . . . 492 10.5
Mining 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3.5 Warehousing and storage . . . . . . . . . . . 493 8.0
Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 5.9 Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 4.1
Construction of buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 5.1 Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 1.9
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . 237 5.3 Telecommunications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517 2.2
Specialty trade contractors . . . . . . . . . . . 238 6.3 Finance and insurance 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 0.9
Manufacturing 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31−33 6.0 Credit intermediation and related
Food manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 7.4 activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522 1.0
Wood product manufacturing . . . . . . . . . 321 8.5 Insurance carriers and related activities . . 524 1.0
Paper manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 4.3 Real estate and rental and leasing . . . . . . . 53 3.3
Printing and related support activities . . . . 323 4.2 Real estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531 2.9
Chemical manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 2.9 Rental and leasing services . . . . . . . . . . 532 4.2
Plastics and rubber products mfg . . . . . . 326 6.8 Professional, scientific, and technical
Nonmetallic mineral product mfg . . . . . . . 327 7.1 services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 1.2
Primary metal manufacturing . . . . . . . . . 331 8.6 Management of companies and
Fabricated metal product mfg . . . . . . . . . 332 7.6 enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 2.1
Machinery manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 6.2 Administrative and support and waste
Computer and electronic product mfg . . . . 334 2.0 management and remediation services . . . 56 3.4
Electrical equipment, appliance, and Administrative and support services . . . . . 561 3.1
component manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . 335 5.1 Waste management and remediation
Transportation equipment manufacturing. . 336 8.0 services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562 6.5
Furniture and related product mfg . . . . . . 337 7.5 Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 2.3
Miscellaneous manufacturing . . . . . . . . . 339 4.2 Health care and social assistance . . . . . . . . 62 5.8
Wholesale trade 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 4.1 Ambulatory health care services . . . . . . . 621 3.1
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods . . . 423 3.9 Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622 8.1
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods . 424 5.4 Nursing and residential care facilities . . . . 623 8.9
Retail trade 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44−45 4.9 Social assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 3.9
Motor vehicle and parts dealers . . . . . . . 441 4.4 Arts, entertainment, and recreation . . . . . . . 71 5.3
Furniture and home furnishings stores . . . 442 4.7 Amusement, gambling, and recreation
Building material and garden equipment industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713 5.1
and supplies dealers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444 7.4 Accommodation and food services . . . . . . . 72 4.5
Food and beverage stores . . . . . . . . . . . 445 5.9 Accommodation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721 5.8
Gasoline stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447 3.6 Food services and drinking places . . . . . . 722 4.2
Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . 448 2.7 Other services, except public admin . . . . . . 81 2.9
General merchandise stores . . . . . . . . . . 452 6.7 Repair and maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . 811 3.5
Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . 453 3.9 Personal and laundry services . . . . . . . . 812 2.6
Transportation and warehousing 4, 5 . . . . . . 48−49 6.5 Religious, grantmaking, civic,
Air transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481 9.9 professional, and similar organizations . . 813 2.7
X Not applicable. 1 North American Industry Classification System, 2002; see text, this section. 2 Excludes farms with
fewer than 11 employees. 3 Data for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining are provided to BLS by the Mine
Safety and Health Administration (MHSA), U.S. Department of Labor. Independent mining contractors are excluded. Data provided
by MSHA do not reflect 2002 OSHA recordkeeping requirements; therefore, estimates for these industries are not comparable with
estimates for other industries. 4 Includes other industries, not shown separately. 5 Data for employers in railroad transportation
are provided to BLS by the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Workplace Injuries and Illnesses in 2006. See Internet site <http://www.bls.gov/iif/>.
Sector 1985 1990 1995 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
TOTAL (1,000)
Wage and salary workers:
Union members . . . . . ... 16,996 16,740 16,360 16,258 15,776 15,472 15,685 15,359 15,670
Covered by unions . . . ... 19,358 19,058 18,346 17,944 17,448 17,087 17,223 16,860 17,243
Public sector workers:
Union members. . . . ... 5,743 6,485 6,927 7,111 7,324 7,267 7,430 7,378 7,557
Covered by unions. . ... 6,921 7,691 7,987 7,976 8,185 8,131 8,262 8,172 8,373
Private sector workers:
Union members. . . . ... 11,253 10,255 9,432 9,148 8,452 8,205 8,255 7,981 8,114
Covered by unions. . ... 12,438 11,366 10,360 9,969 9,264 8,956 8,962 8,688 8,870
PERCENT
Wage and salary workers:
Union members . . . . . ... 18.0 16.1 14.9 13.5 12.9 12.5 12.5 12.0 12.1
Covered by unions . . . ... 20.5 18.3 16.7 14.9 14.3 13.8 13.7 13.1 13.3
Public sector workers:
Union members. . . . ... 35.7 36.5 37.7 37.5 37.2 36.4 36.5 36.2 35.9
Covered by unions. . ... 43.1 43.3 43.5 42.0 41.5 40.7 40.5 40.1 39.8
Private sector workers:
Union members. . . . ... 14.3 11.9 10.3 9.0 8.2 7.9 7.8 7.4 7.5
Covered by unions. . ... 15.9 13.2 11.3 9.8 9.0 8.6 8.5 8.1 8.2
Source: The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc., Washington, DC, Union Membership and Earnings Data Book: Compilations from
the Current Population Survey (2008 edition), (copyright by BNA PLUS); authored by Barry Hirsch of Georgia State University and
David Macpherson of Florida State University. Internet sites <http://plusdocs.bna.com/LaborReports.aspx> and <http://www
.unionstats.com>.
Percent of workers
Union members Workers covered
(1,000) by unions (1,000) Covered by Private sector
State Union members unions union members
1983 2007 1983 2007 1983 2007 1983 2007 1983 2007
United States . . . 17,717.4 15,670.3 20,532.1 17,243.3 20.1 12.1 23.3 13.3 16.5 7.5
Alabama 1 . . . . . . . . . 228.2 180.4 268.2 201.4 16.9 9.5 19.8 10.6 15.3 4.9
Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . 41.7 67.5 49.2 70.0 24.9 23.8 29.3 24.7 17.3 13.0
Arizona 1 . . . . . . . . . . 125.0 229.6 156.4 254.9 11.4 8.8 14.3 9.7 8.6 6.5
Arkansas 1 . . . . . . . . . 82.2 61.9 103.2 75.2 11.0 5.4 13.8 6.5 10.2 3.4
California . . . . . . . . . . 2,118.9 2,473.9 2,505.2 2,650.4 21.9 16.7 25.9 17.8 17.7 9.6
Colorado . . . . . . . . . . 177.9 190.8 209.6 202.3 13.6 8.7 16.0 9.2 11.2 5.6
Connecticut . . . . . . . . 314.0 253.1 345.1 268.8 22.7 15.6 25.0 16.6 16.7 7.6
Delaware . . . . . . . . . . 49.2 47.4 54.1 50.5 20.1 12.0 22.1 12.8 15.9 7.2
District of Columbia . . . 52.4 28.7 69.4 37.7 19.5 10.3 25.9 13.6 15.2 7.4
Florida 1 . . . . . . . . . . 393.7 454.8 532.9 562.4 10.2 5.9 13.8 7.3 7.1 2.5
Georgia 1 . . . . . . . . . . 267.0 185.6 345.1 225.8 11.9 4.4 15.3 5.4 11.1 2.8
Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . 112.6 130.3 124.9 134.8 29.2 23.4 32.4 24.2 21.9 15.2
Idaho 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 41.3 33.4 53.7 40.8 12.5 5.3 16.2 6.4 10.3 3.4
Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,063.8 842.2 1,205.1 884.1 24.2 14.5 27.4 15.2 21.5 9.7
Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . 503.3 333.2 544.5 359.1 24.9 12.0 27.0 12.9 25.0 9.8
Iowa 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 185.9 148.7 231.3 185.0 17.2 10.5 21.5 13.1 14.6 6.2
Kansas 1 . . . . . . . . . . 125.2 89.2 170.4 110.2 13.7 7.0 18.7 8.7 12.2 4.8
Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . 223.7 157.4 259.8 191.7 17.9 9.1 20.8 11.1 18.2 7.5
Louisiana 1. . . . . . . . . 204.2 93.8 267.8 108.4 13.8 5.6 18.1 6.5 11.0 4.0
Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.0 67.2 100.4 79.4 21.0 11.7 24.0 13.8 14.2 5.1
Maryland . . . . . . . . . . 346.5 335.3 423.1 375.7 18.5 12.9 22.6 14.5 14.4 7.2
Massachusetts . . . . . . 603.2 379.5 661.4 402.2 23.7 13.2 26.0 14.0 17.6 7.6
Michigan . . . . . . . . . . 1,005.4 818.6 1,084.6 865.2 30.4 19.5 32.8 20.6 25.3 13.9
Minnesota . . . . . . . . . 393.9 400.4 439.4 419.4 23.2 16.3 25.9 17.0 17.1 9.6
Mississippi 1 . . . . . . . . 79.4 71.8 99.7 95.2 9.9 6.7 12.5 8.9 9.0 5.4
Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . 374.4 275.4 416.7 307.5 20.8 10.7 23.2 11.9 21.5 8.7
Montana . . . . . . . . . . 49.5 54.0 55.5 62.4 18.3 13.5 20.5 15.6 14.8 6.0
Nebraska 1. . . . . . . . . 80.6 64.8 94.8 81.0 13.6 7.8 16.0 9.7 9.7 3.9
Nevada 1 . . . . . . . . . . 90.0 181.6 106.7 208.1 22.4 15.4 26.6 17.7 19.6 12.8
New Hampshire . . . . . 48.5 61.0 60.8 70.4 11.5 9.7 14.4 11.2 7.5 3.8
New Jersey . . . . . . . . 822.1 747.5 918.2 802.4 26.9 19.2 30.0 20.6 21.1 10.1
New Mexico . . . . . . . . 52.6 61.7 70.6 91.3 11.8 7.7 15.8 11.4 10.1 3.8
New York . . . . . . . . . . 2,155.6 2,054.9 2,385.9 2,146.2 32.5 25.2 36.0 26.3 24.0 15.8
North Carolina 1 . . . . . 178.7 113.6 238.1 146.9 7.6 3.0 10.2 3.9 5.4 2.0
North Dakota 1 . . . . . . 28.4 19.4 35.1 23.2 13.2 6.4 16.3 7.6 9.5 4.0
Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,011.0 730.3 1,125.0 796.6 25.1 14.1 27.9 15.4 22.5 9.0
Oklahoma 2 . . . . . . . . 131.5 103.3 168.2 124.4 11.5 7.1 14.7 8.5 9.1 3.5
Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . 222.9 226.6 261.9 243.4 22.3 14.3 26.2 15.4 16.4 7.7
Pennsylvania . . . . . . . 1,195.7 829.8 1,350.0 909.6 27.5 15.1 31.1 16.6 23.2 9.7
Rhode Island . . . . . . . 85.8 74.5 93.7 78.4 21.5 15.0 23.5 15.8 13.7 7.5
South Carolina 1 . . . . . 69.6 77.5 100.6 111.0 5.9 4.1 8.6 5.9 3.9 2.7
South Dakota 1 . . . . . . 26.8 22.8 34.8 27.3 11.5 6.5 14.9 7.7 8.0 3.4
Tennessee 1 . . . . . . . . 252.4 137.8 300.9 166.3 15.1 5.3 18.0 6.4 12.4 3.1
Texas 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 583.7 462.7 712.8 566.4 9.7 4.7 11.9 5.7 8.1 2.7
Utah 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.6 67.4 100.9 78.3 15.2 5.8 18.9 6.8 11.3 3.3
Vermont . . . . . . . . . . 25.9 29.8 31.5 35.0 12.6 10.4 15.3 12.2 6.7 4.5
Virginia 1 . . . . . . . . . . 268.3 128.7 346.1 166.9 11.7 3.7 15.1 4.8 10.2 2.5
Washington . . . . . . . . 419.9 579.3 499.7 616.0 27.1 20.2 32.3 21.4 22.0 13.1
West Virginia . . . . . . . 142.7 96.6 160.6 106.8 25.3 13.3 28.5 14.7 26.1 10.8
Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . 465.5 375.7 526.7 404.9 23.8 14.3 26.9 15.4 19.8 8.3
Wyoming 1 . . . . . . . . . 27.1 18.9 31.8 22.4 13.9 7.9 16.2 9.4 10.4 5.6
1 2
Right to work state. Passed right to work law in 2001.
Source: The Bureau of National Affairs (BNA), Inc., Washington, DC, Union Membership and Earnings Data Book:
Compilations from the Current Population Survey (2008 edition), (copyright by BNA PLUS); authored by Barry Hirsch of Georgia
State University and David Macpherson of Florida State University. Internet sites <http://plusdocs.bna.com/LaborReports.aspx>
and <http://www.unionstats.com>.
This section presents data on gross periodically conducts the Survey of Con-
domestic product (GDP), gross national sumer Finances, which presents financial
product (GNP), national and personal information on family assets and net
income, saving and investment, money worth. Detailed information on personal
income, poverty, and national and per- wealth is published periodically by the
sonal wealth. The data on income and Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in SOI Bulle-
expenditures measure two aspects of the tin.
U.S. economy. One aspect relates to the
National Income and Product Accounts National income and product—Gross
(NIPA), a summation reflecting the entire domestic product is the total output of
complex of the nation’s economic income goods and services produced by labor
and output and the interaction of its and property located in the United States,
major components; the other relates to valued at market prices. GDP can be
the distribution of money income to fami- viewed in terms of the expenditure cat-
lies and individuals or consumer income. egories that comprise its major compo-
nents: purchases of goods and services
The primary source for data on GDP, GNP, by consumers and government, gross pri-
national and personal income, gross sav- vate domestic investment, and net
ing and investment, and fixed assets and exports of goods and services. The goods
consumer durables is the Survey of Cur- and services included are largely those
rent Business, published monthly by the bought for final use (excluding illegal
Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). A transactions) in the market economy. A
comprehensive revision to the NIPA was number of inclusions, however, represent
released beginning in December 2003. imputed values, the most important of
Discussions of the revision appeared in which is the rental value of owner-
the January, June, August, September, and occupied housing. GDP, in this broad con-
December 2003 issues of the Survey of text, measures the output attributable to
Current Business. Summary historical esti- the factors of production located in the
mates appeared in the August 2007 issue United States. Gross domestic product by
of the Survey of Current Business. state is the gross market value of the
Detailed historical data can be found on goods and services attributable to labor
BEA’s Web site at <http://www.bea.gov/>. and property located in a state. It is the
state counterpart of the nation’s gross
Sources of income distribution data are domestic product.
the decennial censuses of population, the
Current Population Survey (CPS), and the The featured measure of real GDP is an
American Community Survey, all products index based on chain-type annual
of the U.S. Census Bureau (see text, Sec- weights. Changes in this measure of real
tion 1 and Section 4). Annual data on output and prices are calculated as the
income of families, individuals, and average of changes based on weights for
households are presented in Current the current and preceding years. (Compo-
Population Reports, Consumer Income, nents of real output are weighted by
P60 Series, in print. Many data series are price, and components of prices are
also found on the Census Web site at weighted by output.) These annual
<http://www.census.gov/hhes/www changes are ‘‘chained’’ (multiplied)
/income/income.html>. Data on the together to form a time series that allows
household sector’s saving and assets are for the effects of changes in relative
published by the Board of Governors of prices and changes in the composition of
the Federal Reserve System in the quar- output over time. Quarterly and monthly
terly statistical release Flow of Funds changes are based on quarterly and
Accounts. The Federal Reserve Board also monthly weights, respectively. The new
[In billions of dollars (526 represents $526,000,000,000). For explanation of gross domestic product and chained dollars, see text, this section. Minus sign (−) indicates net imports]
Item 1960 1970 1980 1990 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
CURRENT DOLLARS
Gross domestic product . . . . . . 526 1,039 2,790 5,803 7,398 7,817 8,304 8,747 9,268 9,817 10,128 10,470 10,961 11,686 12,434 13,195 13,841
Personal consumption expenditures . . . . 332 649 1,757 3,840 4,976 5,257 5,547 5,880 6,283 6,739 7,055 7,351 7,704 8,196 8,708 9,225 9,734
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 85 214 474 612 653 693 750 818 863 884 924 943 984 1,024 1,049 1,078
Nondurable goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 272 696 1,250 1,485 1,556 1,619 1,684 1,805 1,947 2,017 2,080 2,190 2,344 2,516 2,688 2,833
Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 292 847 2,116 2,879 3,049 3,236 3,446 3,660 3,929 4,154 4,347 4,571 4,868 5,168 5,488 5,823
Gross private domestic investment . . . . . 79 152 479 861 1,144 1,240 1,390 1,509 1,626 1,736 1,614 1,582 1,664 1,889 2,077 2,209 2,125
Fixed investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 150 486 846 1,113 1,210 1,318 1,438 1,559 1,679 1,646 1,570 1,650 1,830 2,040 2,163 2,122
Change in private inventories . . . . . . . 3 2 −6 15 31 31 72 71 67 57 −32 12 14 59 37 47 3
Net exports of goods and services . . . . . 4 4 −13 −78 −91 −96 −102 −160 −261 −380 −367 −424 −499 −615 −715 −762 −708
Exports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 60 281 552 812 869 955 956 991 1,096 1,033 1,006 1,041 1,182 1,309 1,468 1,643
Imports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 56 294 630 904 965 1,057 1,116 1,252 1,476 1,400 1,430 1,540 1,798 2,024 2,230 2,351
Government consumption expenditures
and gross investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 234 566 1,180 1,369 1,416 1,469 1,518 1,621 1,722 1,826 1,961 2,093 2,217 2,363 2,523 2,690
Federal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 114 244 508 519 527 531 530 556 579 613 680 756 826 878 933 976
National defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 88 168 374 349 355 350 346 361 370 393 437 497 551 589 624 660
Nondefense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 26 76 134 171 173 181 185 195 209 220 243 259 275 290 308 316
State and local . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 120 322 672 850 889 938 988 1,065 1,143 1,213 1,282 1,336 1,391 1,485 1,591 1,714
Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth
Gross domestic product . . . . . . 2,502 3,772 5,162 7,113 8,032 8,329 8,704 9,067 9,470 9,817 9,891 10,049 10,301 10,676 11,003 11,319 11,567
Personal consumption expenditures . . . . 1,597 2,452 3,374 4,770 5,434 5,619 5,832 6,126 6,439 6,739 6,910 7,099 7,295 7,561 7,804 8,044 8,278
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 454 553 596 647 720 805 863 901 965 1,021 1,085 1,137 1,181 1,235
Nondurable goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 1,484 1,639 1,680 1,725 1,794 1,877 1,947 1,987 2,037 2,103 2,178 2,255 2,338 2,393
Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 2,852 3,260 3,356 3,468 3,615 3,758 3,929 4,023 4,100 4,179 4,311 4,427 4,546 4,675
Gross private domestic investment . . . . . 267 427 645 895 1,134 1,234 1,388 1,524 1,643 1,736 1,598 1,557 1,613 1,770 1,869 1,920 1,826
Fixed investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 887 1,110 1,209 1,321 1,455 1,576 1,679 1,629 1,545 1,597 1,713 1,831 1,875 1,820
Change in private inventories . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 15 30 29 71 73 69 57 −32 13 14 54 33 40 5
Net exports of goods and services . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) −55 −71 −80 −105 −204 −296 −380 −399 −471 −519 −594 −618 −625 −556
Exports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 161 324 553 778 843 944 967 1,008 1,096 1,037 1,013 1,026 1,126 1,203 1,304 1,410
Imports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 213 311 607 849 923 1,048 1,170 1,304 1,476 1,436 1,485 1,545 1,720 1,822 1,929 1,965
Government consumption expenditures
and gross investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715 1,013 1,115 1,530 1,550 1,565 1,594 1,624 1,687 1,722 1,780 1,859 1,905 1,932 1,946 1,981 2,022
Federal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 659 580 574 568 561 574 579 601 643 687 716 727 742 755
National defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 479 389 384 373 365 372 370 385 413 449 475 482 492 505
Nondefense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 179 191 190 195 196 202 209 217 230 238 241 244 251 250
State and local . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 868 968 991 1,026 1,063 1,113 1,143 1,179 1,215 1,218 1,216 1,220 1,239 1,266
Residual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −65 −68 14 −91 −51 −39 −24 −15 −6 − 2 3 3 − −12 −28 −45
− Represents or rounds to zero. NA Not available.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, April 2008. See also <http://www.bea.gov/national/nipaweb/SelectTable.asp?Selected=N>.
425
Table 646. GDP Components in Real (2000) Dollars—Annual Percent Change:
1990 to 2007
[Change from immediate previous year; for example, 1990, change from 1989. Minus sign (−) indicates decrease]
Component 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP). . . 1.9 2.5 3.7 0.8 1.6 2.5 3.6 3.1 2.9 2.2
Personal consumption expenditures . . . . 2.0 2.7 4.7 2.5 2.7 2.8 3.6 3.2 3.1 2.9
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −0.3 4.4 7.3 4.3 7.1 5.8 6.3 4.9 3.8 4.7
Nondurable goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 2.2 3.8 2.0 2.5 3.2 3.5 3.6 3.6 2.4
Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 2.6 4.5 2.4 1.9 1.9 3.2 2.7 2.7 2.8
Gross private domestic investment . . . . . −3.4 3.1 5.7 −7.9 −2.6 3.6 9.7 5.6 2.7 −4.9
Fixed investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −2.1 6.5 6.5 −3.0 −5.2 3.4 7.3 6.9 2.4 −2.9
Nonresidential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 10.5 8.7 −4.2 −9.2 1.0 5.8 7.1 6.6 4.7
Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 6.4 6.8 −2.3 −17.1 −4.1 1.3 0.5 8.4 12.9
Equipment and software . . . . . . . − 12.0 9.4 −4.9 −6.2 2.8 7.4 9.6 5.9 1.3
Residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −8.6 −3.2 0.8 0.4 4.8 8.4 10.0 6.6 −4.6 −17.0
Exports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 10.1 8.7 −5.4 −2.3 1.3 9.7 6.9 8.4 8.1
Goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 11.7 11.2 −6.1 −4.0 1.8 9.0 7.5 9.9 7.9
Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 6.3 2.9 −3.7 1.9 − 11.5 5.4 4.8 8.5
Imports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 8.0 13.1 −2.7 3.4 4.1 11.3 5.9 5.9 1.9
Goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 9.0 13.5 −3.2 3.7 4.9 11.3 6.6 6.0 1.6
Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 3.3 11.1 −0.3 2.1 − 11.5 2.3 5.2 3.5
Government consumption expenditures
and gross investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 0.5 2.1 3.4 4.4 2.5 1.4 0.7 1.8 2.0
Federal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 −2.7 0.9 3.9 7.0 6.8 4.2 1.5 2.2 1.7
National defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . − −3.8 −0.5 3.9 7.4 8.7 5.8 1.5 1.9 2.8
Nondefense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 −0.4 3.5 3.9 6.3 3.4 1.1 1.3 2.8 −0.4
State and local . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 2.6 2.7 3.2 3.1 0.2 −0.2 0.3 1.6 2.2
− Represents or rounds to zero.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, April 2008. See also <http://www.bea.gov/national
/nipaweb/SelectTable.asp?Selected=N>.
Table 647. Gross Domestic Product in Current and Real (2000) Dollars by Type
of Product and Sector: 1990 to 2007
[In billions of dollars (5,803 represents $5,803,000,000,000). For explanation of chained dollars, see text, this section]
Type of product and sector 1990 1995 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
CURRENT DOLLARS
Gross domestic product ..... 5,803 7,398 9,817 10,470 10,961 11,686 12,434 13,195 13,841
PRODUCT
Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,156 2,661 3,449 3,442 3,524 3,707 3,874 4,092 4,266
Durable goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 958 1,236 1,689 1,575 1,585 1,651 1,754 1,819 1,872
Nondurable goods . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,198 1,425 1,760 1,867 1,939 2,056 2,120 2,274 2,395
Services 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,114 4,098 5,426 6,031 6,367 6,778 7,214 7,665 8,163
Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534 638 942 996 1,069 1,201 1,346 1,438 1,412
SECTOR
Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,463 5,701 7,667 8,041 8,412 8,988 9,603 10,193 10,655
Nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,386 5,632 7,595 7,970 8,323 8,873 9,502 10,097 10,525
Farm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 69 72 71 88 115 101 96 130
Households and institutions . . . . . . . 619 816 1,081 1,227 1,269 1,350 1,405 1,500 1,602
General government . . . . . . . . . . . . 722 882 1,070 1,202 1,280 1,348 1,426 1,502 1,585
Federal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 285 315 353 384 413 439 459 477
State and local . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463 597 754 849 896 936 987 1,043 1,108
Gross domestic product ..... 7,113 8,032 9,817 10,049 10,301 10,676 11,003 11,319 11,567
PRODUCT
Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,253 2,639 3,449 3,433 3,538 3,705 3,866 4,058 4,191
Durable goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877 1,125 1,689 1,627 1,682 1,782 1,900 1,980 2,065
Nondurable goods . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,407 1,532 1,760 1,805 1,856 1,925 1,973 2,083 2,136
Services 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,170 4,655 5,426 5,693 5,811 5,973 6,112 6,255 6,436
Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718 754 942 922 952 1,001 1,035 1,034 985
SECTOR
Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,287 6,077 7,667 7,807 8,050 8,387 8,692 8,966 9,171
Nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,238 6,030 7,595 7,737 7,974 8,304 8,604 8,878 9,083
Farm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 50 72 70 76 82 87 88 87
Households and institutions . . . . . . . 841 945 1,081 1,131 1,129 1,166 1,183 1,222 1,252
General government . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,004 1,021 1,070 1,110 1,124 1,129 1,139 1,147 1,160
Federal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372 334 315 323 332 335 337 337 339
State and local . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634 687 754 787 792 794 802 810 821
1
Includes government consumption expenditures, which are for services (such as education and national defense) produced
by government. In current dollars, these services are valued at their cost of production.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, April 2008. See also <http://www.bea.gov/national
/nipaweb/SelectTable.asp?Selected=N>.
Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.6 141.5 150.5 158.6 165.8 114.6 127.8 131.9 134.6 137.0
Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.0 35.1 39.3 43.1 44.5 27.0 28.9 29.3 30.5 30.6
Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . 158.5 193.4 215.8 237.4 247.0 158.5 180.5 196.4 209.6 213.3
Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . 66.8 82.1 86.1 90.9 95.4 66.8 74.2 75.9 77.6 78.8
California . . . . . . . . . . . 1,287.1 1,519.4 1,632.8 1,742.2 1,813.0 1,287.1 1,406.8 1,470.4 1,526.2 1,549.0
Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . 171.9 197.3 213.3 226.3 236.3 171.9 180.6 188.7 194.4 198.4
Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . 160.4 182.1 193.3 205.0 216.3 160.4 165.8 171.1 176.9 181.8
Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . 41.5 52.3 57.3 59.6 60.1 41.5 46.7 49.4 49.7 48.9
District of Columbia . . . . 58.7 77.9 83.0 88.2 93.8 58.7 67.5 69.4 71.3 74.4
Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471.3 607.3 670.2 716.5 734.5 471.3 548.6 588.8 609.8 609.9
Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . 290.9 338.5 359.7 376.4 396.5 290.9 310.7 322.1 327.3 336.6
Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.2 50.4 54.9 58.7 61.5 40.2 44.6 46.9 48.4 49.9
Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.0 42.6 46.4 48.4 51.1 35.0 39.6 42.6 43.7 44.7
Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464.2 534.4 554.1 584.0 609.6 464.2 487.6 490.2 501.1 508.6
Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194.4 228.3 232.8 238.7 246.4 194.4 209.5 207.7 207.0 207.6
Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.2 111.9 115.6 121.9 129.0 90.2 100.9 102.3 105.3 107.0
Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.8 98.4 103.3 110.6 117.3 82.8 88.3 90.1 93.8 96.5
Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . 111.9 131.7 138.5 146.4 154.2 111.9 119.9 122.8 125.9 128.8
Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . 131.5 163.4 184.0 203.2 216.1 131.5 139.3 141.2 147.2 151.0
Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.5 43.2 44.4 46.3 48.1 35.5 38.9 38.9 39.4 39.9
Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . 180.4 228.2 243.9 257.6 268.7 180.4 205.5 213.2 218.2 222.5
Massachusetts. . . . . . . . 274.9 306.8 317.6 335.3 351.5 274.9 286.5 289.4 298.0 305.4
Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . 337.2 363.1 372.2 375.8 382.0 337.2 337.9 339.3 334.7 330.8
Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . 185.1 223.5 232.0 242.1 255.0 185.1 205.1 207.2 210.4 214.9
Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . 64.3 76.5 79.5 84.6 88.5 64.3 67.9 68.2 70.2 71.4
Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . 176.7 204.9 213.0 220.1 229.5 176.7 186.4 188.4 189.1 191.6
Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.4 27.5 30.0 32.0 34.3 21.4 24.0 25.3 26.1 27.0
Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . 55.5 68.4 71.2 75.3 80.1 55.5 60.9 62.1 64.4 65.8
Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.7 100.2 112.5 123.1 127.2 73.7 89.9 97.3 102.5 103.2
New Hampshire . . . . . . . 43.5 51.4 53.5 56.1 57.3 43.5 47.7 48.4 49.2 49.2
New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . 344.8 410.1 425.5 448.4 465.5 344.8 375.8 378.4 386.9 391.3
New Mexico . . . . . . . . . 50.7 63.5 68.2 72.2 76.2 50.7 56.9 57.7 59.3 61.0
New York . . . . . . . . . . . 777.2 896.4 953.6 1,028.3 1,103.0 777.2 829.9 861.5 906.6 946.3
North Carolina . . . . . . . . 273.7 324.4 349.2 380.9 399.4 273.7 295.6 309.7 328.4 335.7
North Dakota . . . . . . . . . 17.8 22.7 24.6 25.9 27.7 17.8 20.0 21.1 21.5 22.2
Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372.0 423.7 439.3 451.6 466.3 372.0 387.4 390.0 388.9 390.3
Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . 89.8 111.5 120.8 130.1 139.3 89.8 97.3 99.2 102.5 106.6
Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.4 132.8 138.1 151.0 158.2 112.4 125.9 129.2 139.2 143.7
Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . 389.6 459.9 482.4 508.8 531.1 389.6 416.2 422.0 430.4 437.1
Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . 33.6 42.1 43.1 45.7 46.9 33.6 37.8 37.6 38.6 38.7
South Carolina. . . . . . . . 112.5 131.9 138.6 146.2 152.8 112.5 119.9 122.5 124.9 127.4
South Dakota . . . . . . . . 23.1 29.5 30.5 32.0 33.9 23.1 26.6 27.1 27.7 28.3
Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . 174.9 214.8 224.2 235.8 243.9 174.9 197.2 200.9 206.0 207.7
Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727.2 901.7 979.3 1,068.1 1,142.0 727.2 806.0 825.2 867.8 903.4
Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.6 80.9 88.9 98.0 105.7 67.6 73.0 77.5 82.3 86.7
Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.8 21.8 22.7 23.6 24.5 17.8 20.3 20.7 20.9 21.2
Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . 260.7 324.9 350.3 368.6 383.0 260.7 294.2 308.1 314.9 321.0
Washington . . . . . . . . . . 222.0 253.2 273.3 291.3 311.3 222.0 230.0 241.8 250.4 261.1
West Virginia . . . . . . . . . 41.5 49.7 53.0 56.0 57.7 41.5 43.8 44.7 45.1 45.2
Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . 175.7 205.9 214.1 223.4 232.3 175.7 188.0 190.6 193.4 195.4
Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . 17.3 23.4 26.6 29.9 31.5 17.3 19.0 19.4 20.7 21.1
1
For chained (2000) dollar estimates, states will not add to U.S. total.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, July 2008; and ‘‘Gross Domestic Product by State’’;
published 5 June 2008; <http://www.bea.gov/regional/gsp/>.
Profes-
sional Health
Real and care
State Finance estate, tech- and
Whole- and rental, nical social
Manu- sale Retail Infor- insur- and ser- assis- Govern-
1
Total facturing trade trade mation ance leasing vices tance ment 2
United States. . . . . 13,743.0 1,615.8 799.1 886.5 645.3 1,113.6 1,747.1 1,003.1 961.3 1,639.2
Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.8 28.6 9.6 13.3 4.9 9.0 15.2 9.8 11.8 25.7
Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.5 1.0 0.9 1.9 1.1 1.2 3.3 1.6 2.3 7.8
Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . 247.0 19.6 14.2 20.0 7.2 20.8 37.7 15.3 17.9 29.9
Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . 95.4 16.9 6.2 7.1 3.9 3.8 8.5 3.7 7.3 12.9
California . . . . . . . . . . . 1,813.0 179.0 104.1 125.7 112.6 120.5 301.2 159.1 108.8 205.2
Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . 236.3 15.2 13.2 14.3 21.4 13.9 30.2 22.5 13.8 28.0
Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . 216.3 27.4 11.2 11.8 9.0 35.6 29.0 16.1 16.1 19.4
Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . 60.1 4.4 2.0 2.6 1.3 19.5 7.3 3.8 3.4 5.3
District of Columbia . . . . 93.8 0.2 0.9 1.2 5.9 4.7 9.8 19.3 4.1 30.5
Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . 734.5 36.6 47.3 56.7 30.9 51.9 125.9 48.1 54.6 85.6
Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . 396.5 43.6 30.7 26.2 25.9 25.9 46.6 26.6 23.9 52.1
Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.5 1.1 2.0 4.4 1.6 2.5 10.9 2.8 4.1 14.1
Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.1 5.3 2.8 4.4 1.3 2.4 6.4 3.9 3.6 6.9
Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609.6 76.6 42.6 35.1 24.1 57.7 76.4 53.2 40.8 58.7
Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246.4 62.7 14.0 15.8 6.0 13.2 24.0 10.3 18.8 24.3
Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129.0 26.1 7.3 7.7 4.0 13.8 10.7 4.2 8.7 14.9
Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.3 17.7 7.1 7.8 7.8 6.5 10.1 6.2 8.2 16.8
Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . 154.2 29.1 9.4 10.4 4.4 7.3 13.4 6.2 12.3 23.2
Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . 216.1 49.7 9.1 13.0 4.7 6.7 15.9 8.5 11.8 22.3
Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.1 5.3 2.5 4.4 1.4 3.2 6.4 2.3 5.3 6.9
Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . 268.7 14.5 13.3 16.4 10.5 15.4 45.1 28.0 20.0 46.9
Massachusetts. . . . . . . . 351.5 34.7 20.2 17.8 18.2 37.2 48.8 39.6 32.3 30.9
Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . 382.0 64.5 23.1 25.6 11.7 23.4 44.7 31.0 31.1 43.3
Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . 255.0 33.9 17.3 15.2 9.7 24.0 30.6 16.1 21.4 26.3
Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . 88.5 13.8 4.5 7.6 2.2 3.7 7.6 3.1 6.4 15.3
Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . 229.5 30.6 14.9 15.8 11.4 13.6 22.9 14.9 17.9 27.7
Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 1.5 1.8 2.4 1.0 1.7 3.6 1.7 3.0 5.3
Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . 80.1 9.0 4.5 4.7 2.7 6.8 7.0 3.6 5.8 11.0
Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . 127.2 5.6 5.2 9.8 2.6 9.3 19.5 6.5 6.3 12.8
New Hampshire . . . . . . . 57.3 6.3 3.7 4.7 2.2 4.6 7.9 4.0 5.2 5.4
New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . 465.5 40.8 36.4 29.4 24.1 38.5 77.5 42.0 33.6 47.8
New Mexico . . . . . . . . . 76.2 5.6 2.6 5.1 2.0 2.4 7.9 6.2 5.0 12.9
New York . . . . . . . . . . . 1,103.0 66.4 52.3 55.8 83.3 197.4 158.0 93.1 79.3 110.1
North Carolina . . . . . . . . 399.4 74.3 21.2 25.0 12.7 50.8 37.7 19.7 24.7 51.5
North Dakota . . . . . . . . . 27.7 2.6 2.0 1.9 1.1 1.6 2.3 0.9 2.4 4.2
Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466.3 85.1 28.5 30.3 13.2 37.9 49.3 26.9 38.1 51.7
Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . 139.3 15.5 6.5 9.4 4.7 5.9 11.8 5.9 9.3 21.8
Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . 158.2 30.2 10.4 8.9 5.7 8.2 20.5 8.0 12.1 19.4
Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . 531.1 75.2 32.1 33.0 21.1 39.6 59.3 40.6 50.8 52.1
Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . 46.9 4.5 2.4 2.9 1.8 5.7 7.1 2.5 4.4 5.8
South Carolina. . . . . . . . 152.8 24.5 9.0 12.4 4.5 7.6 16.7 7.6 9.2 25.4
South Dakota . . . . . . . . 33.9 3.3 1.9 2.4 1.1 6.7 2.4 0.9 3.0 4.2
Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . 243.9 39.4 16.4 20.9 8.5 14.3 23.6 13.6 21.6 26.9
Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,142.0 153.2 73.3 69.4 48.1 64.8 102.4 75.1 65.0 121.9
Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.7 12.0 5.3 8.1 4.0 10.0 12.0 6.6 5.8 13.8
Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.5 2.8 1.2 2.0 1.0 1.4 3.0 1.4 2.4 3.4
Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . 383.0 33.9 16.4 22.4 19.5 25.0 50.1 45.8 20.9 68.8
Washington . . . . . . . . . . 311.3 31.1 18.5 22.5 28.0 17.0 44.0 20.8 20.6 42.8
West Virginia . . . . . . . . . 57.7 6.4 2.7 4.5 1.6 2.3 5.2 2.3 5.5 10.1
Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . 232.3 47.7 13.2 14.6 7.6 16.1 27.5 10.5 19.6 25.3
Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . 31.5 1.0 1.2 1.8 0.5 0.7 2.4 0.9 1.3 4.2
1 2
Includes industries not shown separately. Includes federal civilian and military and state and local government.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, July 2008; and ‘‘Gross Domestic Product by State’’;
published 5 June 2008; <http://www.bea.gov/regional/gsp/>.
Composition of savings 1990 1995 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Net acquisition of financial assets . . . . . . . . 518.5 534.2 363.3 980.8 1,338.1 908.9 969.0 1,092.1
Foreign deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 4.6 7.6 2.2 5.4 4.1 5.9 19.0
Checkable deposits and currency . . . . . . . . −9.5 −43.3 −78.6 −41.1 52.0 −73.2 −17.9 −23.3
Time and savings deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.8 143.4 352.6 341.2 443.3 503.7 552.1 510.0
Money market fund shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.6 101.2 152.4 −109.2 −50.6 50.0 174.6 243.7
Securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211.1 26.6 −647.8 302.0 211.0 −162.4 −352.1 −339.9
Open market paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 2.0 12.4 −4.5 30.2 28.1 23.4 −28.0
U.S. savings bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 5.1 −1.7 8.9 0.6 0.7 −2.7 −6.0
Other Treasury securities . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.3 −17.6 −209.0 22.4 51.2 −90.5 −58.7 −169.4
Agency and GSE-backed securities 1 . . . . 36.3 28.2 38.6 153.4 97.7 84.3 −28.8 428.3
Municipal securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.7 −59.9 4.6 24.8 40.3 78.8 45.2 50.7
Corporate and foreign bonds . . . . . . . . . . 52.5 91.1 78.2 −91.4 43.9 −24.9 193.9 66.0
Corporate equities 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −47.6 −69.0 −637.7 −86.0 −269.3 −467.4 −761.0 −988.6
Mutual fund shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.5 46.7 66.7 274.4 216.4 228.5 236.7 307.1
Life insurance reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.5 45.8 50.2 66.8 33.1 16.1 65.6 27.4
Pension fund reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191.0 176.8 271.6 258.5 288.4 238.3 198.2 124.4
Miscellaneous and other assets . . . . . . . . . . 33.5 79.1 255.4 160.4 355.5 332.3 342.5 530.7
Gross investment in tangible assets. . . . . . . 808.0 1,012.4 1,487.2 1,680.7 1,818.8 1,961.7 2,009.7 1,945.8
Minus: Consumption of fixed capital. . . . . . . . . 558.8 712.1 940.9 1,057.6 1,141.7 1,274.1 1,258.7 1,289.2
Equals: Net investment in tangible assets. . . 249.2 300.3 546.3 623.2 677.1 687.6 751.0 656.6
Net increase in liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229.1 409.7 932.5 1,107.4 1,515.1 1,702.4 1,699.2 1,418.9
Mortgage debt on nonfarm homes . . . . . . . . 205.5 167.8 425.0 796.4 1,023.2 1,096.1 1,061.5 689.7
Other mortgage debt 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −1.9 6.1 109.5 130.0 153.9 134.7 229.0 265.8
Consumer credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.1 147.0 176.5 104.4 115.0 94.5 104.4 132.3
Policy loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 10.5 2.8 −0.7 1.6 0.8 3.3 4.9
Security credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −3.7 3.5 7.2 34.3 81.5 −31.6 59.7 32.8
Other liabilities 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.0 74.8 211.4 43.0 139.9 408.0 241.4 293.4
Personal saving with consumer durables 4 . . . . 553.7 445.6 13.6 511.3 516.1 −89.7 39.2 333.3
Personal saving without consumer durables 4 . . 477.7 349.9 −192.4 305.6 309.5 −291.4 −151.9 122.2
Personal saving (NIPA, excludes consumer
durables) 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 299.4 250.9 168.5 174.9 181.7 44.6 38.8 42.7
1
GSE = government-sponsored enterprises. 2 Only directly held and those in closed-end and exchange-traded funds. Other
equities are included in mutual funds and life insurance and pension reserves. 3 Includes corporate farms. 4 Flow of Funds
measure. 5 National Income and Product Accounts measure.
Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, ‘‘Federal Reserve Statistical Release, Z.1, Flow of Funds
Accounts of the United States’’; published: 6 March 2008; <http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/z1/20080306/>.
Table 657. Selected Per Capita Income and Product Measures in Current and
Real (2000) Dollars: 1960 to 2007
[In dollars. Based on U.S. Census Bureau estimated population including Armed Forces abroad; based on quarterly averages. For
explanation of chained dollars, see text, this section]
New Mexico. . . . . . . . 22,143 28,175 29,929 31,474 22,143 25,249 26,099 26,766 47 43
New York . . . . . . . . . 34,901 41,016 44,027 47,385 34,901 36,757 38,393 40,296 4 4
North Carolina . . . . . . 27,064 30,713 32,247 33,636 27,064 27,524 28,120 28,604 32 36
North Dakota . . . . . . . 25,103 31,871 32,763 34,846 25,103 28,561 28,570 29,633 38 29
Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,206 31,939 33,320 34,874 28,206 28,622 29,056 29,657 24 28
Alabama . . . . . . . . . . 21,048 26,523 27,811 29,077 21,048 23,769 24,252 24,727 82.6 86.3
Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . 26,427 33,060 34,576 36,483 26,427 29,627 30,151 31,025 103.8 108.3
Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . 22,321 27,034 28,190 29,056 22,321 24,227 24,583 24,709 87.6 86.2
Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . 19,376 24,420 25,670 27,040 19,376 21,884 22,385 22,995 76.1 80.2
California . . . . . . . . . . 26,715 32,523 34,037 35,588 26,715 29,146 29,681 30,264 104.9 105.6
Colorado . . . . . . . . . . 28,227 33,211 34,627 35,760 28,227 29,762 30,196 30,410 110.8 106.1
Connecticut . . . . . . . . 33,385 40,092 41,967 44,354 33,385 35,929 36,596 37,719 131.1 131.6
Delaware . . . . . . . . . . 26,277 32,329 33,913 35,179 26,277 28,972 29,573 29,916 103.2 104.4
District of Columbia . . . 33,364 47,070 49,739 52,450 33,364 42,182 43,374 44,604 131.0 155.7
Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . 24,809 30,919 32,391 33,802 24,809 27,708 28,246 28,745 97.4 100.3
Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . 24,051 27,701 28,304 29,349 24,051 24,824 24,682 24,959 94.4 87.1
Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . 24,853 30,894 32,551 34,444 24,853 27,686 28,385 29,291 97.6 102.2
Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,960 25,299 26,525 27,513 20,960 22,672 23,131 23,397 82.3 81.6
Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,413 32,232 33,689 35,196 27,413 28,885 29,378 29,931 107.6 104.4
Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . 23,648 27,692 28,816 29,913 23,648 24,816 25,128 25,438 92.8 88.8
Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,391 28,468 29,658 31,378 23,391 25,512 25,863 26,684 91.8 93.1
Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . 24,045 29,281 30,900 32,495 24,045 26,240 26,946 27,634 94.4 96.4
Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . 21,344 25,395 26,580 27,715 21,344 22,758 23,179 23,569 83.8 82.2
Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . 20,576 22,608 29,066 31,728 20,576 20,260 25,346 26,982 80.8 94.2
Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,492 27,625 28,499 29,830 22,492 24,756 24,852 25,368 88.3 88.5
Maryland . . . . . . . . . . 28,803 35,922 37,493 39,153 28,803 32,192 32,695 33,296 113.1 116.2
Massachusetts . . . . . . 30,305 37,369 39,357 41,446 30,305 33,488 34,320 35,246 119.0 123.0
Michigan . . . . . . . . . . 25,437 29,347 30,239 31,294 25,437 26,299 26,369 26,613 99.9 92.9
Minnesota . . . . . . . . . 27,184 32,568 33,767 35,528 27,184 29,186 29,446 30,213 106.7 105.4
Mississippi . . . . . . . . . 18,937 23,619 24,940 26,564 18,937 21,166 21,748 22,590 74.4 78.8
Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . 23,677 28,131 29,174 30,485 23,677 25,210 25,441 25,925 93.0 90.5
Montana . . . . . . . . . . 20,237 26,226 27,526 28,939 20,237 23,503 24,003 24,610 79.5 85.9
Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . 24,088 29,551 30,750 32,507 24,088 26,482 26,815 27,644 94.6 96.5
Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . 26,318 33,074 34,151 35,300 26,318 29,639 29,781 30,019 103.3 104.8
New Hampshire . . . . . 28,569 33,706 35,465 36,838 28,569 30,206 30,927 31,327 112.2 109.3
New Jersey . . . . . . . . 32,016 37,705 40,248 42,070 32,016 33,789 35,097 35,777 125.7 124.8
New Mexico . . . . . . . . 19,585 25,593 27,031 28,374 19,585 22,935 23,572 24,129 76.9 84.2
New York . . . . . . . . . . 28,884 34,844 37,095 39,621 28,884 31,226 32,348 33,694 113.4 117.6
North Carolina . . . . . . 23,392 27,217 28,408 29,469 23,392 24,391 24,773 25,061 91.8 87.5
North Dakota . . . . . . . 22,592 29,204 29,751 31,519 22,592 26,171 25,944 26,804 88.7 93.5
Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,263 28,225 29,342 30,616 24,263 25,294 25,587 26,036 95.3 90.9
Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . 21,519 27,071 28,995 30,497 21,519 24,260 25,284 25,935 84.5 90.5
Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . 23,905 27,664 28,975 30,223 23,905 24,791 25,267 25,702 93.9 89.7
Pennsylvania . . . . . . . 25,575 30,901 32,377 33,948 25,575 27,692 28,234 28,870 100.4 100.7
Rhode Island . . . . . . . 25,057 31,905 33,013 34,630 25,057 28,592 28,788 29,450 98.4 102.8
South Carolina . . . . . . 21,500 25,531 26,601 27,570 21,500 22,880 23,197 23,446 84.4 81.8
South Dakota . . . . . . . 23,163 29,054 29,253 30,863 23,163 26,037 25,509 26,246 90.9 91.6
Tennessee . . . . . . . . . 23,407 28,330 29,402 30,299 23,407 25,388 25,639 25,766 91.9 89.9
Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,965 30,241 31,765 33,424 24,965 27,101 27,700 28,424 98.0 99.2
Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,790 24,928 25,961 27,390 20,790 22,339 22,639 23,293 81.6 81.3
Vermont . . . . . . . . . . 24,011 29,302 30,995 32,524 24,011 26,259 27,029 27,659 94.3 96.5
Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . 26,211 33,032 34,099 35,490 26,211 29,602 29,735 30,181 102.9 105.3
Washington . . . . . . . . 27,307 32,312 34,228 36,008 27,307 28,957 29,848 30,621 107.2 106.9
West Virginia . . . . . . . 19,539 24,085 25,511 26,611 19,539 21,584 22,246 22,630 76.7 79.0
Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . 24,498 29,014 30,261 31,554 24,498 26,001 26,388 26,834 96.2 93.6
Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . 24,504 33,237 35,970 37,969 24,504 29,785 31,367 32,289 96.2 112.7
1
Constant dollar estimates are computed by the Census Bureau using the national implicit price deflator for personal
consumption expenditures from the Bureau of Economic Analysis. Any regional differences in the rate of inflation are not reflected
in these constant dollar estimates.
Source: Except as noted, U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, April 2008. See also
<http://www.bea.gov/bea/regional/spi>.
Housing Transportation
Gaso-
Metropolitan area Total Vehicle line and
expendi- Shel- Utility, pur- motor Health
tures 1 Food Total 1
ter fuels 2 Total 1
chases oil care
Atlanta, GA MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,727 5,289 16,158 9,539 3,773 7,599 3,146 2,124 2,017
Baltimore, MD MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,494 4,921 17,063 10,813 3,424 7,554 2,929 2,073 2,551
Boston-Lawrence-Salem, MA-NH
CMSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,691 6,865 18,922 12,256 3,590 9,170 4,011 1,958 2,794
Chicago-Gary-Lake County, IL-IN-WI
CMSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,757 6,902 19,059 11,755 3,620 8,453 3,352 2,092 2,878
Cleveland-Akron-Lorain, OH CMSA. . . 43,611 5,043 14,654 8,546 3,624 7,596 2,965 1,825 3,035
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX CMSA . . . . . . . 53,294 6,537 17,854 9,883 4,424 9,662 3,919 2,410 3,075
Detroit-Ann Arbor, MI CMSA . . . . . . . 50,345 6,614 16,831 9,899 3,794 8,652 2,252 2,405 2,349
Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX
CMSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,260 6,063 17,198 9,427 4,179 11,636 5,305 2,743 3,259
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA PMSA . . 58,404 7,222 21,190 14,312 2,996 10,716 4,443 2,566 2,316
Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL CMSA . . . . 42,379 5,637 15,928 10,053 3,421 8,186 3,199 2,069 2,190
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI MSA . . . 61,428 6,393 20,380 11,650 3,245 8,915 3,593 2,031 3,322
New York-Northern New Jersey-
Long Island, NY-NJ-CT CMSA . . . . . 55,137 7,101 20,865 13,848 3,709 7,792 2,416 1,798 2,607
Philadelphia-Wilmington-Trenton,
PA-NJ-DE-MD CMSA . . . . . . . . . . . 45,922 6,031 16,417 9,722 3,771 7,092 2,661 1,783 2,188
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ MSA . . . . . . . . . . 53,570 7,187 16,469 9,279 3,348 10,964 5,422 2,217 3,134
San Diego, CA MSA. . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,321 6,238 23,034 15,654 3,001 11,115 4,959 2,542 3,421
San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA
CMSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,344 7,942 26,382 18,845 2,925 10,080 3,492 2,309 2,820
Seattle-Tacoma, WA CMSA . . . . . . . . 55,544 6,887 19,142 12,279 3,046 10,127 4,145 2,221 2,889
Washington, DC-MD-VA MSA. . . . . . . 58,236 6,357 24,059 15,976 3,827 7,341 2,133 1,958 2,505
1 2
Includes expenditures not shown separately. Includes public services.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditures in 2006; <http://stats.bls.gov/cex/home.htm>.
Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,220 5,763 5,649 7,158 3,249 6,203 7,195 8,543 9,334
Food at home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,463 3,260 3,134 4,018 1,728 3,328 4,010 4,833 5,880
Cereals and bakery products . . . . . . 477 433 407 499 224 430 504 654 790
Cereals and cereal products . . . . . 154 134 130 162 65 130 158 223 279
Bakery products . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 299 277 337 159 299 345 431 511
Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs 1 . . . . . 818 738 764 899 367 768 941 1,120 1,508
Beef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 224 231 274 102 232 278 321 469
Pork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 155 163 163 71 148 191 219 309
Poultry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 115 137 150 65 131 158 216 265
Fish and seafood . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 102 109 153 60 123 149 159 208
Dairy products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 365 328 429 188 358 429 537 615
Fresh milk and cream . . . . . . . . . 141 133 136 155 69 123 166 216 267
Other dairy products . . . . . . . . . . 239 232 193 274 119 235 264 321 348
Fruits and vegetables 1 . . . . . . . . . . 635 530 512 758 307 593 689 818 982
Fresh fruits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 180 157 265 107 193 227 263 325
Fresh vegetables . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 163 172 245 98 195 227 272 312
Processed fruits . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 101 90 139 58 108 127 149 185
Other food at home 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 1,153 1,193 1,123 1,433 643 1,179 1,447 1,703 1,985
Sugar and other sweets . . . . . . . . 125 132 114 134 74 125 138 174 186
Nonalcoholic beverages . . . . . . . . 318 317 326 372 175 325 413 475 509
Food away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,757 2,503 2,515 3,140 1,521 2,875 3,185 3,710 3,454
Alcoholic beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519 523 366 667 428 586 537 483 367
Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,682 14,660 14,457 20,061 11,067 16,507 18,751 21,311 21,361
Shelter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,035 8,220 7,876 12,885 7,187 9,569 10,767 12,148 12,441
Owned dwellings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,291 5,868 5,347 8,395 3,651 6,732 7,645 9,375 8,765
Mortgage interest and charges . . . 3,609 3,109 3,088 5,607 1,888 3,461 4,658 6,057 5,744
Property taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,520 1,709 1,189 1,575 998 1,852 1,756 2,237 1,973
Maintenance, repair, insurance,
other expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,162 1,050 1,070 1,213 765 1,420 1,231 1,081 1,048
Rented dwellings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,042 1,812 2,143 3,719 3,235 2,058 2,465 2,180 3,163
Other lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701 540 387 770 300 778 656 593 513
Utilities, fuels, and public services . . . . 3,584 3,283 3,554 3,101 2,153 3,501 3,990 4,347 4,602
Natural gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658 775 312 423 361 506 560 644 701
Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,175 1,057 1,588 1,042 771 1,335 1,503 1,586 1,733
Fuel oil and other fuels . . . . . . . . . . 404 108 56 71 93 167 155 147 143
Telephone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,051 998 1,167 1,081 684 1,081 1,333 1,439 1,459
Water and other public services . . . . 296 345 431 485 244 411 439 532 568
Household operations . . . . . . . . . . . . 932 926 863 1,120 430 780 1,328 1,777 1,293
Personal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 469 337 390 42 93 764 1,150 782
Other household expenses . . . . . . . 525 457 525 730 389 687 564 627 511
Housekeeping supplies 1 . . . . . . . . . . 583 606 660 691 330 708 698 842 961
Laundry and cleaning supplies . . . . . 125 132 168 166 66 160 177 222 236
Postage and stationery . . . . . . . . . . 155 152 135 209 101 202 163 177 152
Household furnishings and equipment 1 . 1,548 1,624 1,504 2,264 967 1,949 1,968 2,197 2,064
Household textiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 150 135 213 81 191 184 175 172
Furniture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 415 419 684 281 495 550 594 597
Major appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 197 223 328 120 261 303 356 289
Miscellaneous household equipment . 678 727 582 853 387 821 785 898 765
Apparel and services 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,057 1,700 1,737 2,126 950 1,877 2,319 2,710 2,796
Men and boys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 394 429 490 212 420 556 683 712
Women and girls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812 726 690 827 360 784 936 1,108 1,032
Footwear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358 256 279 349 146 290 394 443 490
Other apparel products and services . . . 316 227 250 350 210 327 285 293 310
Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,819 7,502 8,497 10,156 4,433 8,805 10,471 11,836 12,239
Vehicle purchases (net outlay) 1 . . . . . . 2,894 2,730 3,643 4,230 1,558 3,409 4,424 5,024 5,335
Cars and trucks, new . . . . . . . . . . . 1,617 1,317 1,889 2,303 826 1,944 2,028 2,613 2,803
Cars and trucks, used . . . . . . . . . . . 1,239 1,369 1,716 1,821 726 1,397 2,302 2,360 2,431
Gasoline and motor oil . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,910 2,142 2,356 2,382 1,188 2,263 2,707 3,146 3,253
Other vehicle expenses . . . . . . . . . . . 2,386 2,225 2,182 2,741 1,324 2,531 2,813 3,147 3,093
Vehicle finance charges . . . . . . . . . 237 250 338 335 117 300 395 455 470
Maintenance and repair. . . . . . . . . . 651 625 650 847 419 740 804 906 852
Vehicle insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 860 824 874 994 508 938 1,090 1,152 1,181
Vehicle rental, leases, licenses, other
charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638 526 320 565 281 553 524 633 588
Public transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629 405 316 804 363 603 528 520 558
Health care 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,591 2,816 2,775 2,853 1,827 3,641 2,868 2,824 2,516
Entertainment 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,346 2,261 2,096 2,970 1,464 2,576 2,580 3,232 2,965
Personal care products and services . . . . 557 537 571 681 361 619 703 750 735
Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 129 85 144 91 145 111 127 97
Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,080 951 707 948 477 632 1,260 1,453 1,602
Tobacco products and smoking supplies . . 331 355 336 279 227 360 394 347 392
Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 883 805 727 1,051 662 887 990 921 935
Cash contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,470 1,902 1,762 2,350 1,611 2,211 1,693 1,725 2,032
Personal insurance and pensions . . . . . . 5,477 5,179 4,736 6,042 2,528 5,602 6,509 7,634 7,283
Life and other personal insurance. . . . . 334 344 313 304 136 386 395 446 392
Pensions and social security . . . . . . . . 5,144 4,835 4,423 5,738 2,391 5,216 6,114 7,188 6,891
Personal taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,466 2,078 2,051 3,381 1,602 3,146 2,553 2,586 2,214
1 2 3
Includes other types not shown separately. For additional health care expenditures, see Table 133. For additional
recreation expenditures, see Section 26.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditures in 2006. See also <http://www.bls.gov/cex/2006/Standard
/cusize.pdf> and <http://www.bls.gov/cex/2006/Standard/region.pdf> (released October 2007).
Housing Transportation
Gaso- Pen-
Income level line sions
Total Vehicle and and
expendi- Utility pur- motor Health social
tures 1 Food Total 1
Shelter fuels 2 Total 1
chases oil care security
All consumer units . . 48,398 6,111 16,366 9,673 3,397 8,508 3,421 2,227 2,766 4,948
Less than $70,000 . . . . . . . 33,490 4,660 11,927 6,976 2,881 5,891 2,151 1,751 2,318 2,303
$70,000 to $79,999 . . . . . . 57,352 7,094 18,832 11,260 3,921 10,921 4,322 2,909 3,216 6,537
$80,000 to $99,999 . . . . . . 65,810 8,491 21,242 12,565 4,088 12,206 5,155 3,138 3,345 8,256
$100,000 and over . . . . . . . 100,386 10,547 32,157 19,323 5,087 17,059 7,706 3,568 4,244 14,138
$100,000 to $119,999 . . . 78,129 9,310 24,337 14,564 4,525 13,601 5,502 3,318 3,699 10,332
$120,000 to $149,999 . . . 88,647 10,159 28,672 17,280 4,865 15,661 6,805 3,598 3,889 12,819
$150,000 and over . . . . . 128,681 12,029 41,579 24,963 5,738 21,097 10,284 3,763 4,984 18,415
1 2
Includes expenditures not shown separately. Includes public service.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditures in 2006. See also <http://www.bls.gov/cex/2006/share
/higherincome.pdf> (released October 2007).
Expenditure type
Child
Family income and age of child Trans- care and Miscel-
por- Health educa- lan-
Total Housing Food tation Clothing care tion eous 1
INCOME: LESS THAN $45,800
Less than 2 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,830 2,970 1,070 930 340 600 1,220 700
3 to 5 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,020 2,930 1,190 900 340 570 1,370 720
6 to 8 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,000 2,830 1,530 1,050 370 650 810 760
9 to 11 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,950 2,560 1,830 1,140 420 710 490 800
12 to 14 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,830 2,850 1,930 1,290 700 720 340 1,000
15 to 17 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,810 2,300 2,080 1,730 620 770 580 730
INCOME: $45,800 TO $77,100
Less than 2 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,960 4,010 1,280 1,390 410 780 2,000 1,090
3 to 5 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,280 3,980 1,470 1,360 400 750 2,210 1,110
6 to 8 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,130 3,880 1,880 1,510 440 850 1,420 1,150
9 to 11 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,930 3,600 2,210 1,600 480 920 930 1,190
12 to 14 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,690 3,900 2,230 1,740 820 930 680 1,390
15 to 17 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,030 3,350 2,480 2,200 730 980 1,170 1,120
Number
of Percent distribution
Year house- Median
holds Under $15,000− $25,000− $35,000− $50,000− $75,000− $100,000 income
(1,000) $15,000 $24,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999 $99,999 and over (dollars)
ALL HOUSEHOLDS 1
1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,368 16.6 13.6 12.6 17.0 21.2 10.3 8.6 41,258
1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,312 15.3 12.3 12.0 16.2 19.9 11.3 13.0 44,778
2000 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108,209 13.1 11.7 10.9 15.1 18.6 12.3 18.3 49,163
2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,384 14.2 12.1 11.1 14.8 18.3 11.4 18.2 47,845
2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,011 13.4 11.8 11.5 14.6 18.2 11.3 19.1 48,201
WHITE
1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,872 14.7 13.0 12.6 17.3 22.1 10.9 9.3 43,527
1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,968 13.2 12.1 12.0 16.5 20.5 12.0 13.8 46,705
2000 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,030 11.8 11.3 10.8 15.1 18.9 12.9 19.4 51,418
2005 3, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,588 12.5 11.7 11.1 14.8 18.7 11.9 19.3 50,146
2006 3, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,705 11.8 11.5 11.3 14.6 18.8 11.8 20.2 50,673
BLACK
1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,847 32.3 18.4 13.3 14.5 13.5 5.2 2.7 25,076
1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,671 31.7 14.8 12.6 14.3 15.0 6.0 5.7 27,929
2
2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,174 22.3 15.2 12.8 16.0 16.6 8.2 8.8 34,735
2005 3, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,002 25.4 16.0 12.3 15.1 15.3 7.3 8.5 31,870
2006 3, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,354 24.4 15.2 13.5 14.8 15.2 7.7 9.1 31,969
ASIAN AND
PACIFIC ISLANDER
1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,958 11.8 9.4 8.2 13.5 22.1 13.3 21.7 57,500
2000 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,963 9.9 7.8 8.4 13.1 17.7 14.9 28.2 65,281
2005 3, 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,273 12.3 8.1 7.1 11.3 19.4 13.0 28.9 63,097
2006 3, 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,454 10.4 7.7 8.5 12.8 17.0 12.8 30.8 64,238
HISPANIC 7
1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,906 21.5 18.3 15.5 17.4 16.8 6.7 3.9 31,802
1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,220 21.9 16.2 14.1 17.6 17.2 6.8 6.2 33,394
2000 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,034 15.7 15.6 13.4 18.0 18.3 9.9 9.1 38,834
2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,519 17.0 15.9 14.6 17.1 17.5 8.5 9.4 37,146
2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,973 16.3 15.5 14.0 17.5 17.3 8.9 10.5 37,781
1
Includes other races not shown separately. 2 Data reflect implementation of Census 2000-based population controls and
a 28,000 household sample expansion to 78,000 households. 3 Beginning with the 2003 Current Population Survey (CPS), the
questionnaire allowed respondents to choose more than one race. For 2002 and later, data represent persons who selected this
race group only and exclude persons reporting more than one race. The CPS in prior years allowed respondents to report only one
race group. See also comments on race in the text for Section 1. 4 Data represent White alone, which refers to people who
reported White and did not report any other race category. 5 Data represent Black alone, which refers to people who reported
Black and did not report any other race category. 6 Data represent Asian alone, which refers to people who reported Asian and
did not report any other race category. 7 People of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P60-233; and Internet sites <http://www.census.gov/prod/2007pubs
/p60-233.pdf> (released August 2007) and <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/histinc/h17.html>.
Age of householder:
15 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . 6,662 1,568 1,135 1,026 1,186 1,003 358 385 30,937
25 to 34 years old . . . . . . . . 19,435 2,039 2,061 2,389 3,367 4,291 2,474 2,814 49,164
35 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . 22,779 1,897 1,823 2,237 3,280 4,700 3,252 5,588 60,405
45 to 54 years old . . . . . . . . 24,140 2,195 1,746 2,032 3,085 4,776 3,456 6,852 64,874
55 to 64 years old . . . . . . . . 19,266 2,350 1,846 1,918 2,636 3,652 2,304 4,565 54,592
65 years old and over . . . . . 23,729 5,520 5,122 3,751 3,373 2,730 1,284 1,948 27,798
Region: 1
Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,261 2,900 2,283 2,220 2,752 3,734 2,482 4,892 52,057
Midwest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,508 3,458 3,190 2,997 4,088 5,101 3,176 4,499 47,836
South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,587 6,279 5,397 5,387 6,461 7,549 4,459 7,056 43,884
West. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,656 2,931 2,866 2,749 3,627 4,770 3,008 5,704 52,249
Size of household:
One person . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,132 9,176 6,107 4,611 4,441 3,805 1,412 1,583 25,504
Two people . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,580 3,324 4,351 4,846 6,107 7,786 4,727 7,442 51,536
Three people . . . . . . . . . . . 18,808 1,528 1,544 1,743 2,760 3,797 2,720 4,714 61,436
Four people . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,172 881 941 1,122 2,008 3,359 2,647 5,214 72,870
Five people . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,202 372 504 653 985 1,512 1,064 2,114 66,823
Six people . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,702 196 186 252 404 560 384 721 61,859
Seven or more people . . . . . 1,415 93 105 127 222 330 176 363 60,864
Type of household:
Family household . . . . .... 78,425 5,899 6,973 8,025 11,471 15,857 10,849 19,350 59,894
Married-couple . . . . .... 58,945 2,221 3,981 5,171 8,194 12,450 9,264 17,665 69,716
Male householder,
wife absent . . . . . . .... 5,063 473 562 694 935 1,119 587 692 47,078
Female householder,
husband absent . . . . . . . 14,416 3,204 2,429 2,161 2,342 2,291 998 993 31,818
Nonfamily household . . . . . . 37,587 9,670 6,765 5,330 5,453 5,292 2,278 2,801 29,083
Male householder . . . . . . 17,338 3,366 2,602 2,539 2,901 2,896 1,356 1,677 35,614
Female householder . . . . 20,249 6,302 4,164 2,790 2,552 2,397 919 1,124 23,876
Educational attainment
of householder: 2
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109,349 14,000 12,601 12,327 15,740 20,147 12,766 21,766 50,004
Less than 9th grade . . . . . . . . 5,701 1,998 1,261 754 807 526 185 170 20,901
9th to 12th grade (no diploma) . 9,127 2,597 1,828 1,346 1,439 1,133 401 383 25,912
High school graduate . . . . . . . 32,851 4,965 4,988 4,708 5,481 6,187 3,211 3,312 39,426
Some college, no degree . . . . . 19,321 2,128 2,079 2,396 3,113 3,934 2,547 3,126 49,691
Associate’s degree . . . . . . . . . 9,723 852 910 1,044 1,470 2,115 1,388 1,943 56,017
Bachelor’s degree or more . . . . 32,626 1,462 1,534 2,079 3,432 6,249 5,035 12,833 81,723
Bachelor’s degree . . . . . . . . 21,082 1,068 1,105 1,563 2,421 4,238 3,346 7,341 75,861
Master’s degree . . . . . . . . . 8,128 275 294 399 765 1,583 1,328 3,484 88,422
Professional degree . . . . . . 1,860 72 79 64 114 220 197 1,114 100,000
Doctoral degree . . . . . . . . . 1,556 46 55 52 133 211 165 894 100,000
Number of earners:
No earners . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,305 10,228 5,579 3,322 2,433 1,547 504 690 17,865
One earner . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,906 4,789 6,617 7,291 8,314 7,905 3,346 4,643 39,309
Two earners and more. . . . . . 48,800 553 1,540 2,739 6,177 11,696 9,276 16,817 78,994
Two earners . . . . . . . . . . . 38,987 514 1,448 2,462 5,456 9,755 7,281 12,073 74,513
Three earners. . . . . . . . . . 7,349 35 85 250 620 1,604 1,537 3,217 91,500
Four earners or more . . . . . 2,464 4 7 29 102 337 460 1,528 100,000
Work experience of
householder:
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,011 15,569 13,737 13,353 16,926 21,150 13,124 22,151 48,201
Worked. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,490 4,590 6,869 8,483 12,315 17,214 11,459 19,561 60,613
Worked at full-time jobs . . . 68,612 2,639 5,184 7,071 10,594 15,278 10,249 17,599 62,983
50 weeks or more . . . . . . 59,302 1,330 3,988 5,909 9,108 13,495 9,232 16,238 66,210
27 to 49 weeks . . . . . . . . 6,064 541 709 753 1,031 1,292 734 1,004 49,977
26 weeks or less . . . . . . . 3,245 768 486 408 455 490 280 357 33,616
Worked at part-time jobs. . . 11,879 1,950 1,686 1,413 1,720 1,935 1,212 1,962 42,009
50 weeks or more . . . . . . 6,613 788 923 774 1,014 1,126 731 1,256 46,654
27 to 49 weeks . . . . . . . . 2,526 428 366 297 359 410 273 390 41,819
26 weeks or less . . . . . . . 2,740 734 398 340 348 398 207 316 32,964
Did not work . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,521 10,981 6,869 4,869 4,610 3,936 1,666 2,590 24,840
Tenure:
Owner-occupied . . . . . . . . . 79,266 6,664 7,458 7,931 10,928 15,802 10,782 19,699 59,688
Renter-occupied . . . . . . . . . 35,129 8,420 5,941 5,187 5,779 5,150 2,269 2,383 30,801
Occupier paid no cash rent . . 1,617 482 339 234 217 200 73 69 24,223
1 2
For composition of regions, see map, inside front cover. People 25 years old and over.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P60-233; and Internet site <http://pubdb3.census.gov/macro/032007
/hhinc/toc.htm> (released 28 August 2007).
$30,000 to $34,999 . . . . . . 4,226 3,392 620 110 792 5.4 5.3 6.7 3.3 7.8
$35,000 to $39,999 . . . . . . 3,893 3,175 523 108 646 5.0 5.0 5.6 3.2 6.4
$40,000 to $44,999 . . . . . . 3,950 3,189 522 143 628 5.0 5.0 5.6 4.3 6.2
$45,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . 3,508 2,913 381 147 549 4.5 4.5 4.1 4.4 5.4
$50,000 to $59,999 . . . . . . 6,767 5,623 743 233 872 8.6 8.8 8.0 7.0 8.6
$60,000 to $74,999 . . . . . . 8,763 7,379 870 351 933 11.2 11.5 9.4 10.5 9.2
$75,000 to $84,999 . . . . . . 4,892 4,147 423 219 493 6.2 6.5 4.6 6.5 4.9
$85,000 to $99,999 . . . . . . 5,709 4,936 440 238 453 7.3 7.7 4.7 7.1 4.5
$100,000 to $149,999 . . . . 11,332 9,704 763 671 778 14.4 15.1 8.2 20.1 7.7
$150,000 to $199,999 . . . . 4,114 3,557 216 277 250 5.2 5.5 2.3 8.3 2.5
$200,000 to $249,999 . . . . 1,562 1,371 69 109 52 2.0 2.1 0.7 3.3 0.5
$250,000 and above . . . . . 1,993 1,756 67 151 70 2.5 2.7 0.7 4.5 0.7
1
Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Report, P60-233; and Internet site <http://pubdb3.census.gov/macro/032007
/faminc/new07_000.htm> (released 28 August 2007).
1990 . . . . . 35,353 36,915 21,423 42,246 23,431 52,869 55,205 32,037 63,177 35,040
1995 6 . . . . 40,611 42,646 25,970 46,356 24,570 53,349 56,023 34,116 60,896 32,277
2000 7, 8 . . . 50,732 53,029 33,676 62,617 34,442 59,398 62,087 39,428 73,313 40,325
2001 . . . . . 51,407 54,067 33,598 60,158 34,490 58,545 61,574 38,263 68,511 39,279
2002 9 . . . . 51,680 54,633 33,525 60,984 34,185 57,920 61,229 37,573 68,347 38,313
2003 . . . . . 52,680 55,768 34,369 63,251 34,272 57,751 61,136 37,677 69,340 37,571
2004 10 . . . 54,061 56,723 35,148 65,420 35,440 57,705 60,547 37,517 69,830 37,829
2005 . . . . . 56,194 59,317 35,464 68,957 37,867 58,036 61,262 36,627 71,218 39,109
2006 . . . . . 58,407 61,280 38,269 74,612 40,000 58,407 61,280 38,269 74,612 40,000
NA Not available. 1 Includes other races not shown separately. 2 Beginning with 2002, data represent White alone, which
refers to people who reported White and did not report any other race category. 3 Beginning with 2002, data represent Black
4
alone, which refers to people who reported Black and did not report any other race category. Beginning with 2002, data
5
represent Asian alone, which refers to people who reported Asian and did not report any other race category. People of
Hispanic origin may be of any race. 6 Data reflect full implementation of the 1990 census-based sample design and metropolitan
7
definitions, 7,000 household sample reduction, and revised race edits. Implementation of Census 2000-based population
controls. 8 Implementation of a 28,000 household sample expansion. 9 See footnote 3, Table 673. See also comments on race
in the text for Section 1. 10 Data have been revised to reflect a correction to the weights in the 2005 ASEC.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P60-233; and Internet sites <http://www.census.gov/prod/2007pubs
/p60-233.pdf> (released August 2007) and <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/histinc/f05.html>.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P60-233, and Internet sites <http://www.census.gov/prod/2007pubs
/p60-233.pdf> (released August 2007) and <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/histinc/f07ar.html>.
Table 679. Median Income of People With Income in Constant (2006) Dollars
by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1990 to 2006
[In dollars. People as of March of following year. People 15 years old and over. Constant dollars based on CPI-U-RS deflator.
Based on the Current Population Survey; see text, Sections 1 and 13, and Appendix III. For data collection changes over time, see
<http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/histinc/hstchg.html>]
Male Female
Race and Hispanic origin 1
1990 2000 2004 2, 3 2005 2006 1990 2000 1
2004 2, 3 2005 2006
All races 4 . . . . . . . . 30,347 33,185 32,573 32,300 32,265 15,059 18,807 18,858 19,185 20,014
White 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,659 34,887 33,458 33,234 33,843 15,429 18,826 18,892 19,281 20,082
Black 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,244 24,989 24,220 23,396 25,064 12,454 18,594 18,529 18,209 19,103
Asian 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 35,245 35,337 37,417 (NA) (NA) 21,905 22,351 22,201
Hispanic 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,144 22,829 23,009 22,813 23,452 11,264 14,340 15,426 15,529 15,758
White non-Hispanic . . . . . . 32,837 36,890 35,948 36,504 36,564 15,823 19,512 19,678 20,089 20,727
1
NA Not available. Implementation of Census 2000-based population controls and sample expanded by 28,000
households. 2 Beginning with the 2003 Current Population Survey (CPS), the questionnaire allowed respondents to choose
more than one race. For 2002 and later, data represent persons who selected this race group only and excludes persons reporting
more than one race. The CPS in prior years allowed respondents to report only one race group. See also comments on race in
the text for Section 1. 3 Data have been revised to reflect a correction to the weights in the 2005 Annual Social and Economic
Supplement (ASEC). 4 Includes other races not shown separately. 5 Beginning with 2002, data represent White alone, which
refers to people who reported White and did not report any other race category. 6 Beginning with 2002, data represent Black
7
alone, which refers to people who reported Black and did not report any other race category. Beginning with 2002, data
8
represent Asian alone, which refers to people who reported Asian and did not report any other race category. People of
Hispanic origin may be of any race.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P60-233; and Internet sites <http://www.census.gov/prod/2007pubs
/p60-233.pdf> (released August 2007) and <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/histinc/p02.html>.
Male Female
Income interval All His- All His-
races 1 White 2
Black 3
Asian 4
panic 5 races 1 White 2
Black 3
Asian 4
panic 5
All households 1. . . . 114,576 94,029 12,716 5,088 16,444 121,443 97,550 15,413 5,591 15,449
Under $10,000 6 . . . . . . . . 24,426 17,922 4,346 1,287 4,164 44,926 35,200 6,109 2,305 7,858
$10,000 to $19,999 . . . . . . 17,394 14,109 2,155 618 3,596 24,194 19,721 3,085 835 3,138
$20,000 to $29,999 . . . . . . 15,871 13,113 1,820 540 3,139 16,820 13,569 2,206 653 1,908
$30,000 to $39,999 . . . . . . 13,851 11,559 1,524 484 2,095 11,911 9,605 1,607 453 1,013
$40,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . 10,501 8,950 946 389 1,295 7,720 6,306 912 370 601
$50,000 to $59,999 . . . . . . 8,078 6,969 646 337 678 5,081 4,243 523 238 338
$60,000 to $74,999 . . . . . . 8,179 7,088 540 425 613 4,659 3,810 481 295 276
$75,000 to $84,999 . . . . . . 3,737 3,228 211 238 279 1,705 1,390 167 127 97
$85,000 to $99,999 . . . . . . 3,241 2,788 231 172 161 1,333 1,101 112 92 85
$100,000 to $149,999 . . . . 5,584 4,952 200 369 282 2,085 1,756 147 147 101
$150,000 to $199,999 . . . . 1,858 1,664 57 114 76 516 443 23 40 17
$200,000 to $249,999 . . . . 670 625 10 33 21 239 201 20 17 7
$250,000 and above . . . . . 1,182 1,064 32 80 45 251 206 23 21 11
1
Includes races not shown separately. 2 White alone refers to people who reported White and did not report any other race
category. 3 Black alone refers to people who reported Black and did not report any other race category. 4 Asian alone refers
to people who reported Asian and did not report any other race category. 5 Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
6
Includes persons without income.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P60-233; and Internet site <http://pubdb3.census.gov/macro
/032007/perinc/new11_000.htm> (released 28 August 2007).
Virginia . . . . . . . . . . 2,905 588 698 563 371 387 153 145 56,277
Washington . . . . . . . 2,472 539 628 500 326 304 93 82 52,583
West Virginia . . . . . . 743 270 219 126 67 44 9 9 35,059
Wisconsin . . . . . . . . 2,230 525 613 484 288 219 52 48 48,772
Wyoming . . . . . . . . . 207 48 59 44 26 21 5 4 47,423
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Income, Earnings, and Poverty From the 2006 American Community Survey, series ACS-01;
and 2006 American Community Survey; B19001. Household Income in the Past 12 Months; B19013. Median Household Income
in the Past 12 Months (In 2006 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars); using American FactFinder®; <http://factfinder.census.gov/>; (accessed
10 January 2008).
Virginia . . . . . . . . . . 1,940 259 427 395 285 313 134 128 66,886
Washington . . . . . . . 1,595 229 366 349 255 251 77 68 63,705
West Virginia . . . . . . 502 129 154 105 60 39 8 7 44,012
Wisconsin . . . . . . . . 1,456 206 359 365 246 193 46 43 60,634
Wyoming . . . . . . . . . 137 21 36 32 22 18 4 3 57,505
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Income, Earnings, and Poverty From the 2006 American Community Survey, series ACS-01;
and 2006 American Community Survey; B19101. Family Income in the Past 12 Months; B19113. Median Family Income in the Past
12 Months (In 2006 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars); using American FactFinder®; <http://factfinder.census.gov/>; (accessed 10 January
2008).
Table 689. People Below Poverty Level and Below 125 Percent of Poverty Level
by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1980 to 2006
[(29,272 represents 29,272,000.) People as of March of the following year. Based on Current Population Survey, Annual Social
and Economic Supplement (ASEC); See text, Section 1, and Appendix III. For data collection changes over time, see
<http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/histinc/hstchg.html>]
Below 125
Number below poverty level (1,000) Percent below poverty level percent of
poverty level
Year Asian Asian Percent
and and Num- of total
All Pacific His- All Pacific His- ber popu-
races 1 White 2
Black 3
Islander 4 panic 5 races 1 White 2
Black 3
Islander 4 panic 5 (1,000) lation
1980 . . . . 29,272 19,699 8,579 (NA) 3,491 13.0 10.2 32.5 (NA) 25.7 40,658 18.1
1985 . . . . 33,064 22,860 8,926 (NA) 5,236 14.0 11.4 31.3 (NA) 29.0 44,166 18.7
1986 . . . . 32,370 22,183 8,983 (NA) 5,117 13.6 11.0 31.1 (NA) 27.3 43,486 18.2
1987 6 . . . 32,221 21,195 9,520 1,021 5,422 13.4 10.4 32.4 16.1 28.0 43,032 17.9
1988 . . . . 31,745 20,715 9,356 1,117 5,357 13.0 10.1 31.3 17.3 26.7 42,551 17.5
1989 . . . . 31,528 20,785 9,302 939 5,430 12.8 10.0 30.7 14.1 26.2 42,653 17.3
1990 . . . . 33,585 22,326 9,837 858 6,006 13.5 10.7 31.9 12.2 28.1 44,837 18.0
1991 . . . . 35,708 23,747 10,242 996 6,339 14.2 11.3 32.7 13.8 28.7 47,527 18.9
1992 7 . . . 38,014 25,259 10,827 985 7,592 14.8 11.9 33.4 12.7 29.6 50,592 19.7
1993 8 . . . 39,265 26,226 10,877 1,134 8,126 15.1 12.2 33.1 15.3 30.6 51,801 20.0
1994 . . . . 38,059 25,379 10,196 974 8,416 14.5 11.7 30.6 14.6 30.7 50,401 19.3
1995 . . . . 36,425 24,423 9,872 1,411 8,574 13.8 11.2 29.3 14.6 30.3 48,761 18.5
1996 . . . . 36,529 24,650 9,694 1,454 8,697 13.7 11.2 28.4 14.5 29.4 49,310 18.5
1997 . . . . 35,574 24,396 9,116 1,468 8,308 13.3 11.0 26.5 14.0 27.1 47,853 17.8
1998 . . . . 34,476 23,454 9,091 1,360 8,070 12.7 10.5 26.1 12.5 25.6 46,036 17.0
1999 9 . . . 32,791 22,169 8,441 1,285 7,876 11.9 9.8 23.6 10.7 22.7 45,030 16.3
2000 10 . . 31,581 21,645 7,982 1,258 7,747 11.3 9.5 22.5 9.9 21.5 43,612 15.6
2001 . . . . 32,907 22,739 8,136 1,275 7,997 11.7 9.9 22.7 10.2 21.4 45,320 16.1
2002 11 . . 34,570 23,466 8,602 1,161 8,555 12.1 10.2 24.1 10.1 21.8 47,084 16.5
2003 . . . . 35,861 24,272 8,781 1,401 9,051 12.5 10.5 24.4 11.8 22.5 48,687 16.9
2004 12 . . 37,040 25,327 9,014 1,201 9,122 12.7 10.8 24.7 9.8 21.9 49,693 17.1
2005 . . . . 36,950 24,872 9,168 1,402 9,368 12.6 10.6 24.9 11.1 21.8 49,327 16.8
2006 . . . . 36,460 24,416 9,048 1,353 9,243 12.3 10.3 24.3 10.3 20.6 49,688 16.8
NA Not available. 1 Includes other races not shown separately. 2 Beginning 2002, data represent White alone, which
refers to people who reported White and did not report any other race category. 3 Beginning 2002, data represent Black alone,
which refers to people who reported Black and did not report any other race category. 4 Beginning 2002, data represent Asian
alone, which refers to people who reported Asian and did not report any other race category. 5 People of Hispanic origin may
6 7
be of any race. Implementation of a new March CPS processing system. Implementation of 1990 census population
controls. 8 The March 1994 income supplement was revised to allow for the coding of different income amounts on selected
questionnaire items. Limits either increased or decreased in the following categories: earnings increased to $999,999; social
security increased to $49,999; supplemental security income and public assistance increased to $24,999; veterans’ benefits
increased to $99,999; child support and alimony decreased to $49,999. 9 Implementation of Census 2000-based population
10 11
controls. Implementation of sample expansion by 28,000 households. Beginning with the 2003 Current Population
Survey (CPS), the questionnaire allowed respondents to choose more than one race. For 2002 and later, data represent persons
who selected this race group only and exclude persons reporting more than one race. The CPS in prior years allowed respondents
to report only one race group. See also comments on race in the text for Section 1, Population. 12 Data have been revised to
reflect a correction to the weights in the 2005 ASEC.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P60-233; and Internet sites <http://www.census.gov/prod/2007pubs
/p60-233.pdf> (released August 2007) and <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/histpov/perindex.html>.
Table 693. Families Below Poverty Level and Below 125 Percent of Poverty
by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1980 to 2006
[6,217 represents 6,217,000. Families as of March of the following year . Based on Current Population Survey. See text, this
section, Section 1, and Appendix III. For data collection changes over time, see <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/histinc
/hstchg.html>]
Below
Number below poverty level (1,000) Percent below poverty level 125 percent
of poverty level
Year Asian Asian
and and Num-
All Pacific His- All Pacific His- ber
races 1 White 2
Black 3
Islander 4 panic 5 races 1 White 2
Black 3
Islander 4 panic 5 (1,000) Percent
1980 . . . 6,217 4,195 1,826 (NA) 751 10.3 8.0 28.9 (NA) 23.2 8,764 14.5
1985 . . . 7,223 4,983 1,983 (NA) 1,074 11.4 9.1 28.7 (NA) 25.5 9,753 15.3
1990 . . . 7,098 4,622 2,193 169 1,244 10.7 8.1 29.3 11.0 25.0 9,564 14.4
1995 . . . 7,532 4,994 2,127 264 1,695 10.8 8.5 26.4 12.4 27.0 10,223 14.7
1997 . . . 7,324 4,990 1,985 244 1,721 10.3 8.4 23.6 10.2 24.7 10,032 14.2
1998 . . . 7,186 4,829 1,981 270 1,648 10.0 8.0 23.4 11.0 22.7 9,714 13.6
6
1999 . . 6,792 4,447 1,887 258 1,593 9.3 7.3 21.8 10.3 20.5 9,320 12.9
7
2000 . . 6,400 4,333 1,686 233 1,540 8.7 7.1 19.3 7.8 19.2 9,032 12.2
2001 . . . 6,813 4,579 1,829 234 1,649 9.2 7.4 20.7 7.8 19.4 9,525 12.8
8
2002 . . 7,229 4,862 1,923 210 1,792 9.6 7.8 21.5 7.4 19.7 9,998 13.2
2003 . . . 7,607 5,058 1,986 311 1,925 10.0 8.1 22.3 10.2 20.8 10,360 13.6
9
2004 . . 7,835 5,293 2,035 232 1,953 10.2 8.4 22.8 7.4 20.5 10,499 13.7
2005 . . . 7,657 5,068 1,997 289 1,948 9.9 8.0 22.1 9.0 19.7 10,442 13.5
2006 . . . 7,668 5,118 2,007 260 1,922 9.8 8.0 21.6 7.8 18.9 10,531 13.4
NA Not available. 1 Includes other races not shown separately. 2 Beginning 2002, data represent White alone, which
refers to people who reported White and did not report any other race category. 3 Beginning 2002, data represent Black alone,
which refers to people who reported Black and did not report any other race category. 4 Beginning 2002, data represent Asian
alone, which refers to people who reported Asian and did not report any other race category. 5 People of Hispanic origin may
be of any race. 6 Implementation of Census-2000-based population controls. 7 Implementation of a 28,000 household sample
expansion. 8 Beginning with the 2003 Current Population Survey (CPS), the questionnaire allowed respondents to choose more
than one race. For 2002 and later, data represent persons who selected this race group only and excludes persons reporting more
than one race. The CPS in prior years allowed respondents to report only one race group. See also comments on race in the text
for Section 1, Population. 9 Data have been revised to reflect a correction to the weights in the 2005 Annual Social and Economic
Supplement (ASEC).
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P60-233; and Internet sites <http://www.census.gov/prod/2007pubs
/p60-233.pdf> (released August 2007) and <http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/histpov/hstpov4.html>.
Table 695. People and Families With Alternative Definitions of Income Below
Poverty: 2006
[296,450 represents 296,450,000. People and families as of March 2007]
Table 697. Top Wealth Holders With Net Worth of $1.5 Million or More—Number
and Net Worth by State: 2004
[2,196 represents 2,196,000. Estimates based on a sample of federal estate tax returns (Form 706). Estimates of wealth by state
can be subject to significant year-to-year fluctuations and this is especially true for individuals at the extreme tail of the net worth
distribution and for states with relatively small decedent populations. Based on the estate mulitiplier technique; for more information
on this methodology, see source]
Number of Number of
top wealth top wealth
State State
holders Net worth holders Net worth
(1,000) (mil. dol.) (1,000) (mil. dol.)
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,196 9,721,133 Montana . . . . . . . . . . . 7 23,966
Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . 18 79,123 Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . 13 83,265
Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4,776 Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 80,768
Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 139,861 New Hampshire . . . . . . 7 27,342
Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . 11 94,704 New Jersey . . . . . . . . . 79 324,712
California. . . . . . . . . . . 428 1,793,642 New Mexico. . . . . . . . . 9 28,107
Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . 32 163,324 New York . . . . . . . . . . 168 942,812
Connecticut . . . . . . . . . 47 197,801 North Carolina . . . . . . . 59 223,408
Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . 8 30,923 North Dakota . . . . . . . . 1 3,988
District of Columbia . . . . 7 27,850 Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 228,532
Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 904,014 Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . 17 58,554
Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . 56 270,677 Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 61,328
Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 22,552 Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . 86 399,312
Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 23,982 Rhode Island . . . . . . . . 8 30,782
Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 476,354 South Carolina . . . . . . . 14 67,856
Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 112,272 South Dakota . . . . . . . . 6 18,850
Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 55,332 Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . 25 100,778
Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 65,084 Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 492,663
Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . 18 65,404 Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 52,674
Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . 22 92,315 Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . 4 20,584
Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 35,173 Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 223,984
Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . 50 191,279 Washington . . . . . . . . . 50 180,008
Massachusetts . . . . . . . 83 335,482 West Virginia . . . . . . . . 12 28,415
Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . 47 261,085 Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . 26 127,515
Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . 33 135,682 Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . 5 106,698
Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . 8 61,786
Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . 33 115,716 Other areas 1 . . . . . . . . 5 28,042
1
Includes U.S. territories and possessions.
Source: U.S. Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division, July 2008, unpublished data. See also <http://www.irs
.gov/taxstats/indtaxstats/article/0,,id=96426,00.html>.
Any
financial Any Other Equity in
Family characteristic or non- non- resi- nonresi-
financial financial Primary dential dential Business
asset asset Vehicles residence property property equity Other
PERCENT OF FAMILIES
HOLDING ASSET
All families, total . . . . . . . . 97.9 92.5 86.3 69.1 12.5 8.3 11.5 7.8
Age of family head:
Under 35 years old . . . . . . . . . 96.5 88.6 82.9 41.6 5.1 3.3 6.9 5.5
35 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . . . 97.7 93.0 89.4 68.3 9.4 6.4 13.9 6.0
45 to 54 years old . . . . . . . . . . 98.3 94.7 88.8 77.3 16.3 11.4 15.7 9.7
55 to 64 years old . . . . . . . . . . 97.5 92.6 88.6 79.1 19.5 12.8 15.8 9.2
65 to 74 years old . . . . . . . . . . 99.5 95.6 89.1 81.3 19.9 10.6 8.0 9.0
75 years old and over . . . . . . . 99.6 92.5 76.9 85.2 9.7 7.7 5.3 8.5
Race or ethnicity of respondent:
White non-Hispanic . . . . . . . .. 99.3 95.8 90.3 76.1 14.0 9.2 13.6 9.3
Non-White or Hispanic . . . . . .. 94.4 84.0 76.1 50.8 8.9 5.8 5.9 3.8
Tenure:
Owner-occupied . . . . . . . . . .. 100.0 100.0 92.3 100.0 15.7 11.0 14.7 9.2
Renter-occupied or other . . . .. 93.3 75.9 73.0 (X) 5.4 2.4 4.3 4.6
1
MEDIAN VALUE
($1,000)
All families, total . . . . . . .. 172.9 147.8 14.2 160.0 100.0 60.0 100.0 15.0
Age of family head:
Under 35 years old . . . . . . . . . 39.2 32.3 11.3 135.0 82.5 55.0 50.0 5.0
35 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . . . 173.4 151.3 15.6 160.0 80.0 42.2 100.0 10.0
45 to 54 years old . . . . . . . . . . 234.9 184.5 18.8 170.0 90.0 43.0 144.0 20.0
55 to 64 years old . . . . . . . . . . 351.2 226.3 18.6 200.0 135.0 75.0 190.9 25.0
65 to 74 years old . . . . . . . . . . 233.2 161.1 12.4 150.0 80.0 78.0 100.0 30.0
75 years old and over . . . . . . . 185.2 137.1 8.4 125.0 150.0 85.8 80.3 11.0
Race or ethnicity of respondent:
White non-Hispanic . . . . . . . .. 224.5 164.8 15.7 165.0 105.0 66.0 135.0 16.5
Non-White or Hispanic . . . . . .. 59.6 64.1 9.8 130.0 80.0 30.0 66.7 10.0
Tenure:
Owner-occupied . . . . . . . . . .. 289.9 201.6 17.5 160.0 100.0 62.0 122.8 17.5
Renter-occupied or other . . . .. 12.2 8.4 7.2 (X) 80.0 56.0 50.0 8.0
1
X Not applicable. Median value of asset for families holding such assets.
Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, ‘‘2004 Survey of Consumer Finances’’; published 28 February
2006; <http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/oss/oss2/2004/scf2004home.html>.
Table 699. Family Net Worth—Mean and Median Net Worth in Constant (2004)
Dollars by Selected Family Characteristics: 1995 to 2004
[Net worth in thousands of constant (2004) dollars (260.8 represents $260,800). Constant dollar figures are based on
consumer price index for all urban consumers published by U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Families include one-person units and
as used in this table are comparable to the U.S. Census Bureau household concept. Based on Survey of Consumer Finance; see
Appendix III. For definition of mean and median, see Guide to Tabular Presentation]
Item 1990 1995 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,968 32,792 49,055 47,901 53,962 59,128 63,971 69,255 72,093
Tangible assets 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,355 11,234 15,770 18,336 19,914 22,032 24,427 26,037 26,760
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,381 8,758 12,610 14,895 16,350 18,268 20,486 21,932 22,483
Households 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,580 7,975 11,374 13,585 14,937 16,702 18,695 19,887 20,155
Consumer durable goods . . . . . . . . . . . 1,899 2,371 3,015 3,273 3,380 3,565 3,727 3,875 4,035
Financial assets 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,613 21,558 33,285 29,564 34,048 37,096 39,544 43,218 45,333
Deposits 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,300 3,327 4,350 5,129 5,328 5,706 6,088 6,733 7,389
Time and savings deposits. . . . . . . . . 2,485 2,306 3,062 3,656 3,986 4,451 4,921 5,428 5,880
Money market fund shares. . . . . . . . . 391 472 960 1,072 960 904 949 1,114 1,344
Credit market instruments 1 . . . . . . . . . . 1,768 2,297 2,556 2,646 2,930 3,213 3,450 3,667 3,977
Agency and GSE-backed securities 3 . . 114 218 604 298 432 398 496 518 947
Municipal securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648 533 531 679 704 743 821 866 916
Corporate and foreign bonds . . . . . . . 245 508 618 1,137 1,108 1,255 1,286 1,469 1,505
Corporate equities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,961 4,434 8,199 4,623 5,767 5,938 5,875 6,178 5,447
Mutual fund shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512 1,253 2,704 2,218 2,904 3,417 3,840 4,536 5,082
Security credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 128 412 413 475 578 575 656 853
Life insurance reserves. . . . . . . . . . . . . 392 566 819 921 1,013 1,060 1,083 1,164 1,205
Pension fund reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,330 5,737 9,188 8,220 9,744 10,655 11,391 12,324 12,780
Equity in noncorporate business . . . . . . . 3,033 3,487 4,677 4,959 5,397 5,986 6,651 7,330 7,892
Liabilities 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,718 5,059 7,398 8,834 9,857 11,035 12,191 13,454 14,375
Credit market instruments 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 3,596 4,862 7,009 8,514 9,497 10,575 11,754 12,948 13,825
Home mortgages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,504 3,333 4,818 6,034 6,882 7,838 8,866 9,854 10,509
Consumer credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 824 1,168 1,741 2,000 2,104 2,219 2,314 2,418 2,551
Net worth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,250 27,732 41,656 39,066 44,105 48,093 51,780 55,800 57,718
Replacement cost value of structures:
Residential 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,624 6,105 8,468 9,766 10,657 11,998 13,219 13,956 14,327
Households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,367 5,817 8,106 9,369 10,239 11,545 12,737 13,462 13,832
Nonresidential (nonprofits) . . . . . . . . . . . . 472 591 813 907 958 1,062 1,172 1,285 1,324
Owners’ equity in household real estate . . . . . 4,077 4,643 6,556 7,551 8,055 8,864 9,829 10,033 9,646
Owners’ equity as percentage of household
real estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.0 58.2 57.6 55.6 53.9 53.1 52.6 50.5 47.9
1
Includes types of assets and/or liabilities not shown separately. 2 At market value. All types of owner-occupied housing
including farm houses and mobile homes, as well as second homes that are not rented, vacant homes for sale, and vacant land.
3
GSE = Government-sponsored enterprises.
Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, ‘‘Federal Reserve Statistical Release, Z.1, Flow of Funds
Accounts of the United States’’; published: 6 March 2008; <http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/z1/20080306/>.
Table 701. Net Stock of Fixed Reproducible Tangible Wealth in Current and
Real (2000) Dollars: 1990 to 2006
[In billions of dollars (18,111 represents $18,111,000,000,000). As of December 31. For explanation of chained dollars, see
text, this section]
Item 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
CURRENT DOLLARS
Net stock, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,111 22,670 29,917 31,609 33,061 34,805 38,202 41,584 44,432
Fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,212 20,299 26,902 28,465 29,788 31,424 34,637 37,857 40,557
Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,611 15,794 21,190 22,485 23,523 24,917 27,423 29,937 31,819
Nonresidential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,500 7,954 10,514 11,020 11,330 11,692 12,620 13,691 14,715
Equipment and software . . . . . . . 2,469 3,067 4,077 4,203 4,271 4,381 4,549 4,750 5,028
Information processing
equipment and software . . . . . 622 811 1,238 1,294 1,319 1,350 1,390 1,455 1,543
Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,031 4,887 6,437 6,817 7,059 7,311 8,071 8,942 9,687
Residential. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,111 7,840 10,676 11,465 12,193 13,225 14,803 16,245 17,104
Housing units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,955 6,354 8,663 9,320 9,922 10,771 12,079 13,260 13,939
Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,601 4,505 5,713 5,980 6,266 6,508 7,214 7,920 8,739
Nonresidential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,452 4,317 5,481 5,733 6,002 6,228 6,918 7,588 8,397
Equipment and software . . . . . . . 551 675 703 711 723 738 784 817 857
Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,900 3,642 4,778 5,022 5,279 5,490 6,134 6,772 7,541
Residential. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 188 232 247 264 280 296 332 341
Federal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,079 1,291 1,425 1,447 1,470 1,499 1,591 1,694 1,829
Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735 865.3 896 904 914 928 983 1,041 1,120
State and local . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,522 3,213 4,288 4,533 4,796 5,009 5,623 6,227 6,909
Consumer durable goods . . . . . . . . . . . 1,899 2,371 3,015 3,144 3,273 3,380 3,565 3,727 3,875
Motor vehicles and parts . . . . . . . . . . 670 842 1,092 1,156 1,214 1,256 1,326 1,372 1,381
Furniture and household equipment . . . 814 1,011 1,260 1,292 1,335 1,366 1,439 1,507 1,585
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 518 662 696 725 759 800 848 909
CHAINED (2000) DOLLARS
Net stock, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,580 25,156 29,528 30,393 31,189 32,004 32,865 33,721 34,654
Fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,726 22,939 26,498 27,170 27,759 28,368 29,025 29,688 30,438
Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,029 17,804 20,880 21,438 21,901 22,384 22,915 23,464 24,087
Nonresidential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,809 8,638 10,392 10,669 10,841 10,986 11,147 11,337 11,581
Equipment and software . . . . . . . 2,532 2,972 4,091 4,249 4,343 4,422 4,523 4,670 4,842
Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,347 5,702 6,302 6,422 6,499 6,568 6,632 6,688 6,777
Residential. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,223 9,174 10,488 10,769 11,068 11,401 11,763 12,115 12,489
Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,700 5,137 5,618 5,731 5,857 5,984 6,110 6,222 6,347
Nonresidential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,507 4,926 5,390 5,501 5,623 5,747 5,869 5,978 6,101
Equipment and software . . . . . . . 631 686 706 714 727 739 757 778 802
Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,872 4,237 4,684 4,786 4,896 5,007 5,112 5,201 5,302
Residential. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 220 227 231 234 238 241 244 246
Consumer durable goods . . . . . . . . . . . 1,903 2,242 3,030 3,228 3,441 3,662 3,886 4,107 4,319
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, September 2007, and <http://www.bea.gov/bea/dn
/FA2004/SelectTable.asp> (released 8 August 2007).
This section presents indexes of producer BLS publishes CPIs for two population
and consumer prices, actual prices for groups: (1) a CPI for all urban consumers
selected commodities, and energy prices. (CPI-U), which covers approximately 80
The primary sources of these data are percent of the total population; and (2) a
monthly publications of the U.S. Depart- CPI for urban wage earners and clerical
ment of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics workers (CPI-W), which covers 32 percent
(BLS), which include Monthly Labor of the total population. The CPI-U
Review, Consumer Price Index, Detailed includes, in addition to wage earners and
Report, Producer Price Indexes, and U.S. clerical workers, groups which historically
have been excluded from CPI coverage,
Import and Export Price Indexes. The U.S.
such as professional, managerial, and
Department of Commerce, Bureau of Eco-
technical workers; the self-employed;
nomic Analysis is the source for gross
short-term workers; the unemployed; and
domestic product measures. Cost of living
retirees and others not in the labor force.
data for many urban and metropolitan
areas are provided by the ACCRA, a pri- The current CPI is based on prices of
vate organization in Alexandria, VA. Table food, clothing, shelter, fuels, transporta-
707 on housing price indexes appears in tion fares, charges for doctors’ and den-
this edition from the Office of Federal tists’ services, drugs, etc. purchased for
Housing Enterprise Oversight, Housing day-to-day living. Prices are collected in
Price Index. Other commodity, housing, 87 areas across the country from over
and energy prices may be found in the 50,000 housing units and 23,000 estab-
Energy and Utilities, Natural Resources, lishments. Area selection was based on
and Construction and Housing sections. the 1990 census. All taxes directly associ-
ated with the purchase and use of items
Consumer price indexes (CPI)—The CPI are included in the index. Prices of food,
is a measure of the average change in fuels, and a few other items are obtained
prices over time in a ‘‘market basket’’ of every month in all 87 locations. Prices of
goods and services purchased either by most other commodities and services are
urban wage earners and clerical workers collected monthly in the three largest
or by all urban consumers. In 1919, BLS geographic areas and every other month
began to publish complete indexes at in other areas.
semiannual intervals, using a weighting
structure based on data collected in the In calculating the index, each item is
expenditure survey of wage-earner and assigned a weight to account for its rela-
clerical-worker families in 1917−19 (BLS tive importance in consumers’ budgets.
Bulletin 357, 1924). The first major revi- Price changes for the various items in
sion of the CPI occurred in 1940, with each location are then averaged. Local
subsequent revisions in 1953, 1964, data are then combined to obtain a U.S.
1978, 1987, and 1998. city average. Separate indexes are also
published for regions, area size-classes,
Beginning with the release of data for cross-classifications of regions and size-
January 1988 in February 1988, most con- classes, and for 26 local areas, usually
sumer price indexes shifted to a new ref- consisting of the Metropolitan Statistical
erence base year. All indexes previously Area (MSA); see Appendix II. Area defini-
expressed on a base of 1967 = 100, or tions are those established by the Office
any other base through December 1981, of Management and Budget in 1983. Defi-
have been rebased to 1982−84 = 100. nitions do not include revisions made
The expenditure weights are based upon since 1992. Area indexes do not measure
data tabulated from the Consumer Expen- differences in the level of prices among
diture Surveys. cities; they only measure the average
Prices 461
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
change in prices for each area since the the PPI, see the BLS Handbook of Methods,
base period. For further detail regarding Bulletin 2490 (June 2008), Chapter 14.
the CPI, see the BLS Handbook of Methods, The PPI Web page is <http://www.bls
Bulletin 2490 (June 2008), Chapter 17; the .gov/ppi/>.
Consumer Price Index, and the CPI home
page: <http://www.bls.gov/cpi/>. In Janu- BEA price indexes—Chain-weighted
price indexes, produced by the Bureau of
ary 1983, the method of measuring
Economic Analysis (BEA), are weighted
homeownership costs in the CPI-U was
averages of the detailed price indexes
changed to a rental equivalence approach.
used in the deflation of the goods and
This treatment calculates homeowner
services that make up the gross domestic
costs of shelter based on the implicit rent product (GDP) and its major components.
owners would pay to rent the homes they Growth rates are constructed for years
own. The rental equivalence approach and quarters using quantity weights for
was introduced into the CPI-W in 1985. the current and preceding year or quarter;
The CPI-U was used to prepare the con- these growth rates are used to move the
sumer price tables in this section. index for the preceding period forward a
year or quarter at a time. All chain-
Producer price index (PPI)—This index, weighted price indexes are expressed in
dating from 1890, is the oldest continu- terms of the reference year value 2000 =
ous statistical series published by BLS. It 100.
is designed to measure average changes
in prices received by domestic producers Personal consumption expenditures (PCE)
of all commodities, at various stages of price and quantity indexes are based on
processing. market transactions for which there are
corresponding price measures. The price
The index has undergone several revi- index provides a measure of the prices
sions (see Monthly Labor Review, February paid by persons for domestic purchases
1962, April 1978, and August 1988). It is of goods and services, which may be a
now based on approximately 10,000 indi- useful measure of consumer prices for
vidual products and groups of products some analytical purposes. PCEs are
along with about 100,000 quotations per defined as market value of spending by
individuals and not-for-profit institutions
month. Indexes for the net output of
on all goods and services. Personal con-
manufacturing and mining industries
sumption expenditures also include the
have been added in recent years. Prices
value of certain imputed goods and
used in constructing the index are col- services—such as the rental value of
lected from sellers and generally apply to owner-occupied homes and compensation
the first significant large-volume commer- paid in kind—such as employer-paid
cial transaction for each commodity—i.e., health and life insurance premiums. More
the manufacturer’s or other producer’s information on this index may be found
selling price or the selling price on an at <http://www.bea.gov/bea/mp
organized exchange or at a central mar- _National.htm>.
ket. Measures of inflation—Inflation is
defined as a time of generally rising
The weights used in the index represent
prices for goods and factors of produc-
the total net selling value of commodities tion. The BLS samples prices of items in a
produced or processed in this country. representative market basket and pub-
Values are f.o.b. (free on board) produc- lishes the result as the CPI. The media
tion point and are exclusive of excise invariably announce the inflation rate as
taxes. Effective with the release of data the percent change in the CPI from month
for January 1988, many important pro- to month. A much more meaningful indi-
ducer price indexes were changed to a cator of inflation is the percent change
new reference base year, 1982 = 100, from the same month of the prior year.
from 1967 = 100. The reference year of The PPI measures prices at the producer
the PPI shipment weights has been taken level only. The PPI shows the same gen-
primarily from the 2002 Census of eral pattern of inflation as does the CPI
Manufactures. For further detail regarding but is more volatile. The PPI can be
462 Prices
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
roughly viewed as a leading indicator. It import price index provides a measure of
often tends to foreshadow trends that price change for goods purchased from
later occur in the CPI. other countries by U.S. residents. The
reference period for the indexes is
Other measures of inflation include the 2000 = 100, unless otherwise indicated.
gross domestic purchases chain-weighted The product universe for both the import
and export indexes includes raw materi-
price index, the index of industrial materi-
als, agricultural products, semifinished
als prices; the Futures Price and Spot Mar- manufactures, and finished manufactures,
ket prices from the Commodity Research including both capital and consumer
Bureau; the Employment Cost Index, the goods. Price data for these items are col-
Hourly Compensation Index, or the Unit lected primarily by mail questionnaire. In
Labor Cost Index found in Section 12 on nearly all cases, the data are collected
Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings, directly from the exporter or importer,
as a measure of the change in cost of the although in a few cases, prices are
labor factor of production; and changes in obtained from other sources.
long-term interest rates that are often
used to measure changes in the cost of To the extent possible, the data gathered
the capital factor of production. refer to prices at the U.S. border for
exports and at either the foreign border
International price indexes—The BLS or the U.S. border for imports. For nearly
International Price Program produces all products, the prices refer to transac-
export and import price indexes for non- tions completed during the first week of
military goods traded between the United the month. Survey respondents are asked
States and the rest of the world. to indicate all discounts, allowances, and
rebates applicable to the reported prices,
The export price index provides a mea- so that the price used in the calculation of
sure of price change for all products sold the indexes is the actual price for which
by U.S. residents to foreign buyers. The the product was bought or sold.
Prices 463
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Figure 14.1
Annual Percent Change in Consumer Price Indexes: 1990 to 2007
Percent
20
15 Energy
10
Medical care
5 All items
-5
-10
1990 ’92 ’94 ’96 ’98 2000 ’02 ’04 ’06 2007
Source: Chart prepared by U.S. Census Bureau. For data, see Table 703.
Figure 14.2
Percent Change1 in Single-Family Housing Price Indexes: 2006 to 2007
States
Utah
Wyoming
North Dakota
Montana
Alaska
Washington
New Mexico
Texas
Oklahoma
North Carolina
Ohio
New Hampshire
Minnesota
Massachusetts
Arizona
Rhode Island
Michigan
Florida
Nevada
California
-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10
1
Based on fourth quarter home values in 2006 and 2007.
Source: Chart prepared by U.S. Census Bureau. For data, see Table 707.
464 Prices
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 703. Consumer Price Indexes (CPI-U) by Major Groups: 1990 to 2007
[1982−84 = 100, except as indicated. Represents annual averages of monthly figures. Reflects buying patterns of all urban
consumers. Minus sign (−) indicates decrease. See text, this section]
Food Fuel
and Trans- Medi- and
Area
All bever- Hous- porta- cal other
items ages Food ing Apparel tion care utilities
U.S. city average . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 3.9 4.0 3.1 −0.4 2.1 4.4 3.0
Anchorage, AK MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 4.6 4.8 2.7 −2.8 1.2 3.0 12.7
Atlanta, GA MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 2.8 3.0 4.2 8.9 2.9 −3.2 3.2
Boston, MA MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 3.6 3.5 1.5 2.0 0.7 5.4 0.2
Chicago-Gary, IL-IN CMSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.2 3.3 4.2 −2.1 3.4 3.9 14.2
Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN CMSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 3.6 3.0 2.1 2.2 3.2 4.9 4.3
Cleveland-Akron-Lorain, OH CMSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 3.2 3.3 1.6 −1.5 3.7 7.4 −1.6
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX CMSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 4.3 4.4 0.8 −3.2 1.3 3.1 −0.7
Denver-Boulder-Greely, CO CMSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 4.1 4.3 0.9 −3.3 2.8 6.5 −5.1
Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, MI CMSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 3.1 3.2 0.7 −1.9 3.1 7.1 −1.7
Honolulu, HI MSA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 5.5 5.6 7.2 −0.2 1.4 (NA) 5.3
Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX CMSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 3.6 3.5 0.5 −1.2 0.6 7.5 −3.9
Kansas City, MO-KS CMSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 3.3 3.5 2.5 1.5 2.8 1.4 5.5
Los Angeles-Anaheim-Riverside, CA CMSA . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.7 3.7 5.1 −1.5 0.9 3.6 0.8
Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL CMSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 3.6 3.7 5.9 0.8 2.3 1.6 −2.0
Milwaukee, WI PMSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 3.5 3.5 1.5 2.9 3.5 3.0 1.0
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 3.6 3.6 1.9 3.2 2.0 7.4 1.5
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island,
NY-NJ-CT CMSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 3.9 4.0 3.5 −1.9 1.2 5.5 5.4
Philadelphia-Wilmington-Trenton, PA-NJ-DE-MD CMSA. . . 2.2 3.3 3.5 2.7 −1.7 0.4 3.3 4.0
Pittsburgh, PA MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 5.3 5.8 2.7 5.2 2.7 3.6 4.8
Portland, OR MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.2 0.1 5.0 12.7 6.3
San Diego, CA MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 4.1 4.1 2.6 −3.1 1.5 (NA) 0.6
San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA CMSA . . . . . . . . . 3.3 4.1 4.1 3.3 −1.7 3.2 6.8 3.9
Seattle-Tacoma, WA CMSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.8 6.1 1.6 4.9 5.7
St. Louis-East St. Louis, MO-IL CMSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 3.3 3.4 0.8 6.0 1.8 2.2 0.1
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL MSA . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 4.9 5.2 5.9 0.6 3.9 14.7 2.8
Washington-Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-WV CMSA . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.5 3.6 4.8 1.1 2.0 3.4 12.7
NA Not available.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, CPI Detailed Report, monthly, and at <http://www.bls.gov/cpi/cpi_dr.htm>. See also
Monthly Labor Review at <http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/welcome.htm>.
Prices 465
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 705. Consumer Price Indexes for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for
Selected Items and Groups: 2000 to 2007
[1982−84 = 100, except as noted. Annual averages of monthly figures. Minus sign (−) indicates a decrease. See headnote, Table
703]
Annual
percent-
Item age
change,
2006−
2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2007
All items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.2 179.9 184.0 188.9 195.3 201.6 207.3 2.8
Food and beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168.4 176.8 180.5 186.6 191.2 195.7 203.3 3.9
Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167.8 176.2 180.0 186.2 190.7 195.2 202.9 4.0
Food at home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167.9 175.6 179.4 186.2 189.8 193.1 201.2 4.2
Cereals and bakery products . . . . . . . . 188.3 198.0 202.8 206.0 209.0 212.8 222.1 4.4
Cereals and cereal products . . . . . . . 175.9 181.8 185.2 186.2 186.7 187.3 194.7 3.9
Bakery products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194.1 206.1 211.7 216.2 220.5 226.4 236.6 4.5
Bread 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.4 115.4 118.5 121.1 126.2 130.4 140.1 7.4
Cakes, cupcakes, and cookies . . . . 187.9 196.7 202.8 206.4 209.8 214.2 221.7 3.5
Other bakery products . . . . . . . . . 191.5 203.0 207.3 211.8 211.4 215.5 220.5 2.3
Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs . . . . . . . . 154.5 162.1 169.3 181.7 184.7 186.6 195.6 4.8
Meats, poultry, and fish . . . . . . . . . . 155.5 163.2 169.7 182.3 186.7 188.2 195.4 3.8
Meats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.7 160.3 169.0 183.2 187.5 188.8 195.0 3.3
Beef and veal . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148.1 160.6 175.1 195.3 200.4 202.1 211.1 4.4
Uncooked ground beef. . . . . . 125.2 138.1 149.2 166.3 175.1 176.3 184.3 4.5
Uncooked beef steaks 1 . . . . . 109.1 116.6 127.6 144.7 145.1 146.1 151.8 3.9
Pork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156.5 161.8 164.9 174.2 177.7 177.3 180.9 2.0
Other meats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152.0 161.9 166.0 173.4 177.5 180.7 184.8 2.3
Poultry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159.8 167.0 169.1 181.7 185.3 182.0 191.4 5.1
Chicken 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.5 107.6 108.9 118.2 120.6 117.6 124.4 5.8
Fish and seafood. . . . . . . . . . . . . 190.4 188.1 190.0 194.3 200.1 209.5 219.1 4.6
Dairy products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160.7 168.1 167.9 180.2 182.4 181.4 194.8 7.4
Milk 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.8 110.6 111.5 125.0 127.0 125.5 140.1 11.6
Cheese and related products . . . . . . 162.8 170.0 169.4 180.8 183.3 180.8 191.5 5.9
Fruits and vegetables . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204.6 220.9 225.9 232.7 241.4 252.9 262.6 3.8
Fresh fruits and vegetables. . . . . . . . 238.8 258.4 265.3 274.7 285.3 300.4 312.1 3.9
Fresh fruits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258.3 270.2 279.1 286.8 297.4 315.2 329.5 4.5
Fresh vegetables . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219.4 245.4 250.5 261.2 271.7 284.3 293.5 3.2
Processed fruits and vegetables 1 . . . 105.6 113.1 114.1 115.5 119.3 122.8 127.2 3.6
Nonalcoholic beverages and
beverage materials 137.8 139.2 139.8 140.4 144.4 147.4 153.4 4.1
Juices and nonalcoholic drinks 1 . . . . 105.6 107.8 108.0 108.5 110.6 113.2 117.9 4.1
Carbonated drinks . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.4 125.6 125.6 127.9 131.9 134.2 140.1 4.4
Nonfrozen noncarbonated juices
and drinks 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.2 106.4 106.5 105.7 106.5 109.5 112.9 3.1
Beverage materials including coffee
and tea 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.9 96.3 97.4 97.6 102.4 104.1 108.2 4.0
Other food at home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.6 160.8 162.6 164.9 167.0 169.6 173.3 2.2
Sugar and sweets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.0 159.0 162.0 163.2 165.2 171.5 176.8 3.1
Candy and chewing gum 1 . . . . . . 103.8 106.2 107.8 108.4 109.5 112.2 116.1 3.5
Fats and oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147.4 155.4 157.4 167.8 167.7 168.0 172.9 2.9
Other food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.2 177.1 178.8 179.7 182.5 185.0 188.2 1.8
Frozen and freeze dried
prepared food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148.5 152.6 150.6 152.5 153.2 153.7 156.7 2.0
Snacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.3 168.7 173.1 173.7 178.5 181.2 184.9 2.1
Spices, seasonings, condiments,
sauces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175.6 184.6 185.5 185.3 188.0 190.3 195.5 2.7
Other miscellaneous food 1 . . . . . . 107.5 109.2 110.3 110.4 111.3 113.9 115.1 1.1
Food away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169.0 178.3 182.1 187.5 193.4 199.4 206.7 3.6
Full service meals and snacks 1 . . . . . . 106.8 113.0 115.3 118.4 121.9 125.7 130.2 3.6
Limited service meals and snacks 1 . . . . 106.3 112.7 114.9 118.6 122.4 126.0 130.6 3.6
Food at employee sites and schools 1 . . 104.4 108.2 112.4 115.5 118.6 122.6 126.8 3.4
Other food away from home 1. . . . . . . . 109.0 117.7 121.3 125.3 131.3 136.6 144.1 5.5
Alcoholic beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174.7 183.6 187.2 192.1 195.9 200.7 207.0 3.2
Alcoholic beverages at home . . . . . . . . . . 158.1 164.0 166.5 170.2 172.3 174.9 179.1 2.4
Beer, ale, and other malt beverages
at home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156.8 164.7 168.5 174.6 176.4 178.1 184.1 3.4
Wine at home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151.6 152.3 153.1 153.8 156.2 159.8 162.9 1.9
Alcoholic beverages away from home . . . . 207.1 222.5 228.6 236.6 244.5 254.6 266.0 4.5
Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169.6 180.3 184.8 189.5 195.7 203.2 209.6 3.1
Shelter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193.4 208.1 213.1 218.8 224.4 232.1 240.6 3.7
Rent of primary residence . . . . . . . . . . . . 183.9 199.7 205.5 211.0 217.3 225.1 234.7 4.3
Lodging away from home 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 117.5 118.3 119.3 125.9 130.3 136.0 142.8 5.0
Other lodging away from home
including hotels and motels . . . . . . . . 252.4 251.4 252.2 265.3 274.2 285.6 299.9 5.0
Owners’ equivalent rent of primary
residence 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198.7 214.7 219.9 224.9 230.2 238.2 246.2 3.4
Tenants’ and household insurance 1 . . . . . 103.7 108.7 114.8 116.2 117.6 116.5 117.0 0.4
Fuels and utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137.9 143.6 154.5 161.9 179.0 194.7 200.6 3.0
Household energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.8 127.2 138.2 144.4 161.6 177.1 181.7 2.6
Fuel oil and other fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . 129.7 115.5 139.5 160.5 208.6 234.9 251.5 7.0
Fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130.3 111.5 136.6 160.0 216.4 244.6 262.6 7.4
Propane, kerosene, and firewood 3 . . 155.5 154.8 181.9 202.1 240.6 268.8 286.0 6.4
See footnotes at end of table.
466 Prices
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 705. Consumer Price Indexes for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for
Selected Items and Groups: 2000 to 2007—Con.
[1982−84 = 100, except as noted. Annual averages of monthly figures. See headnote, Table 703]
Annual
percent-
age
Item change,
2006−
2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2007
Gas (piped) and electricity . . . . . . . . .. 128.0 134.4 145.0 150.6 166.5 182.1 186.3 2.3
Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 128.5 136.2 139.5 142.1 150.8 169.2 175.8 3.9
Utility (piped) gas service . . . . . . . .. 132.0 135.3 166.3 180.1 215.4 220.8 217.7 −1.4
Water and sewer and trash collection
services 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.5 113.0 117.2 124.0 130.3 136.8 143.7 5.0
Water and sewerage maintenance. . . . . 227.5 242.5 251.7 268.1 283.4 297.2 312.6 5.2
Garbage and trash collection 4 . . . . . . . 269.8 283.0 291.9 303.3 314.0 330.1 345.6 4.7
Household furnishings and operations . . . . . 128.2 128.3 126.1 125.5 126.1 127.0 126.9 −0.1
Window and floor coverings and other
linens 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 100.9 96.2 91.5 88.8 87.4 84.2 80.7 −4.1
Furniture and bedding . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 134.4 129.4 127.7 127.3 125.9 127.0 125.8 −0.9
Bedroom furniture . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 138.4 135.3 133.9 137.3 142.7 145.4 144.7 −0.5
Living room, kitchen, and dining room
furniture 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 102.4 98.6 97.2 95.9 92.7 92.8 91.6 −1.3
Appliances 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 96.3 92.7 89.5 85.9 86.9 88.1 89.8 1.9
Other household equipment and
furnishings 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 98.0 93.8 89.3 87.4 85.5 80.4 76.9 −4.3
Clocks, lamps, and decorator items . . .. 111.7 103.3 96.2 91.4 88.0 79.6 73.6 −7.5
Tools, hardware, outdoor equipment,
and supplies 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.0 95.7 94.0 93.5 94.4 94.6 94.6 −
Tools, hardware, and supplies 1 . . . . . . 97.3 95.5 93.3 94.8 98.1 99.4 99.7 0.3
Outdoor equipment and supplies 1. . . . . 96.8 95.7 94.2 92.6 92.4 92.1 92.0 −0.1
Housekeeping supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.4 159.8 157.5 157.4 159.9 166.6 169.4 1.7
Household cleaning products 1 . . . . . . . 105.1 109.9 108.2 107.0 107.9 111.6 112.3 0.6
Household paper products 1 . . . . . . . . . 113.8 119.2 117.2 120.8 125.4 132.0 135.6 2.7
Miscellaneous household products 1 . . . 104.3 107.4 106.1 105.3 106.4 111.0 113.6 2.3
Household operations 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.5 119.0 121.8 125.0 130.3 136.6 140.6 2.9
Domestic services 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.7 118.3 121.3 123.8 128.3 133.1 138.1 3.7
Gardening and lawncare services 1 . . . . 111.4 118.3 120.2 122.9 127.9 136.6 140.5 2.9
Apparel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129.6 124.0 120.9 120.4 119.5 119.5 119.0 −0.4
Men’s and boys’ apparel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129.7 121.7 118.0 117.5 116.1 114.1 112.4 −1.5
Men’s apparel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133.1 125.7 122.1 121.4 121.4 119.8 118.2 −1.4
Men’s shirts and sweaters 1 . . . . . . . . . 98.3 88.8 85.2 85.3 84.2 84.7 82.5 −2.6
Women’s and girls’ apparel . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121.5 115.8 113.1 113.0 110.8 110.7 110.3 −0.4
Women’s apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121.9 116.1 113.1 113.3 111.8 112.5 112.1 −0.4
Women’s suits and separates 1 . . . . . . . 98.2 91.4 88.1 89.8 87.3 88.2 88.9 0.8
Women’s underwear, nightwear,
sportswear, and accessories 1. . . . . . . 101.8 97.1 95.9 94.2 95.4 94.4 91.8 −2.7
Footwear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.8 121.4 119.6 119.3 122.6 123.5 122.4 −0.9
Men’s footwear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129.5 125.9 120.7 119.7 121.3 123.5 120.9 −2.1
Women’s footwear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.6 119.0 118.4 118.4 121.9 122.8 122.5 −0.3
Jewelry and watches 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137.0 133.2 128.7 129.5 127.6 130.7 137.1 4.9
Jewelry 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141.2 138.1 133.2 133.6 131.3 134.8 142.4 5.7
Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.3 152.9 157.6 163.1 173.9 180.9 184.7 2.1
Private transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149.1 148.8 153.6 159.4 170.2 177.0 180.8 2.1
New and used motor vehicles 1 . . . . . . . . 100.8 99.2 96.5 94.2 95.6 95.6 94.3 −1.4
New vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142.8 140.0 137.9 137.1 137.9 137.6 136.3 −1.0
Used cars and trucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.8 152.0 142.9 133.3 139.4 140.0 135.7 −3.0
Leased cars and trucks 5 . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 99.0 96.8 93.6 92.7 93.1 92.6 −0.5
Motor fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129.3 116.6 135.8 160.4 195.7 221.0 239.1 8.2
Gasoline (all types). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.6 116.0 135.1 159.7 194.7 219.9 238.0 8.2
Motor vehicle parts and equipment . . . . . . 101.5 106.9 107.8 108.7 111.9 117.3 121.6 3.7
Motor vehicle maintenance and repair . . . . 177.3 190.2 195.6 200.2 206.9 215.6 223.0 3.4
Motor vehicle maintenance and
servicing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.7 175.0 179.5 182.8 189.2 195.7 202.1 3.3
Motor vehicle repair 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108.2 116.0 119.6 122.7 126.7 132.7 137.4 3.5
Motor vehicle insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256.7 291.6 314.4 323.2 329.9 331.8 333.1 0.4
Motor vehicle fees 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.3 112.5 116.5 131.0 134.7 138.8 141.2 1.7
State and local registration and
license 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.1 108.5 112.7 131.3 133.2 137.3 138.8 1.1
Public transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209.6 207.4 209.3 209.1 217.3 226.6 230.0 1.5
Airline fare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239.4 231.6 231.3 227.2 236.6 247.3 251.7 1.8
Medical care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260.8 285.6 297.1 310.1 323.2 336.2 351.1 4.4
Medical care commodities . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238.1 256.4 262.8 269.3 276.0 285.9 290.0 1.4
Prescription drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285.4 316.5 326.3 337.1 349.0 363.9 369.2 1.4
Nonprescription drugs and medical
supplies 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 149.5 150.4 152.0 152.3 151.7 154.6 156.8 1.4
Internal and respiratory over-the-
counter drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176.9 178.8 181.2 180.9 179.7 183.4 186.4 1.6
Medical care services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266.0 292.9 306.0 321.3 336.7 350.6 369.3 5.3
Professional medical services . . . . . . . . . 237.7 253.9 261.2 271.5 281.7 289.3 300.8 4.0
Physicians’ services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244.7 260.6 267.7 278.3 287.5 291.9 303.2 3.9
Dental services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258.5 281.0 292.5 306.9 324.0 340.9 358.4 5.1
Services by other medical
professionals 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 161.9 171.8 177.1 181.9 186.8 192.2 197.4 2.7
Hospital and related services . . . . . . . . .. 317.3 367.8 394.8 417.9 439.9 468.1 498.9 6.6
Hospital services 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 115.9 134.7 144.7 153.4 161.6 172.1 183.6 6.7
See footnotes at end of table.
Prices 467
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 705. Consumer Price Indexes for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for
Selected Items and Groups: 2000 to 2007—Con.
[1982−84 = 100, except as noted. Annual averages of monthly figures. See headnote, Table 703]
Annual
percent-
age
Item change,
2006−
2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2007
468 Prices
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 706. Cost of Living Index—Selected Urban Areas:
Annual Average 2007
[Measures relative price levels for consumer goods and services in participating areas for a mid-management standard of living.
The nationwide average equals 100 and each index is read as a percent of the national average. The index does not mea-
sure inflation, but compares prices at a single point in time. Excludes taxes. For definition of urban areas, see source. For inter-
national comparisons, see Table 1313, Section 30]
Com- Misc.
Urban areas posite Grocery Transpor- Health goods and
index items Housing Utilities tation care services
(100%) (13%) (29%) (10%) (10%) (4%) (35%)
Akron, OH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.6 98.7 80.8 99.6 101.8 92.4 98.1
Albuquerque, NM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.3 100.3 102.8 86.7 99.0 98.9 96.9
Amarillo, TX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.4 89.8 79.8 86.8 98.2 93.9 88.9
Anchorage, AK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126.0 129.8 137.9 106.1 103.5 132.5 126.6
Asheville, NC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.6 101.3 104.6 92.7 95.2 103.2 97.9
Atlanta, GA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.1 98.7 91.8 84.9 103.5 103.4 98.7
Austin, TX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.5 89.8 80.8 94.7 99.2 98.1 105.3
Baltimore, MD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.0 106.7 151.2 116.4 108.3 104.1 100.6
Baton Rouge, LA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.2 95.4 83.0 89.3 92.4 99.9 95.5
Bergen-Passaic, NJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.8 112.2 173.9 107.1 103.0 106.5 115.0
Bethesda-Gaithersburg-Frederick, MD . . . . 132.1 107.1 188.2 127.9 114.5 109.5 105.4
Birmingham, AL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.1 96.6 77.6 98.8 96.1 99.4 98.0
Boston, MA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134.7 120.0 164.0 129.2 104.7 136.0 126.8
Bradenton, FL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.6 97.1 107.9 96.3 98.4 104.4 94.6
Brownsville, TX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.9 86.4 71.4 104.7 98.4 95.9 87.2
Burlington-Chittenden Co, VT . . . . . . . . . . 116.3 110.4 130.7 124.5 106.2 104.8 108.7
Camden, SC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.1 98.0 83.7 94.4 86.6 91.5 100.5
Cedar Rapids, IA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.1 87.4 77.9 95.5 99.1 108.8 97.3
Champaign-Urbana, IL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.2 95.9 89.0 111.5 99.0 101.3 102.0
Charleston, WV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.8 87.1 84.8 97.4 96.1 94.3 93.2
Charleston-North Charleston, SC . . . . . . . 97.8 100.5 90.3 102.0 97.8 110.3 100.1
Charlotte, NC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.7 99.1 75.6 83.2 92.3 104.3 96.8
Cheyenne, WY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.2 105.9 102.0 96.2 95.5 96.3 96.8
Chicago, IL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.3 108.3 125.0 107.8 113.1 104.3 99.9
Cincinnati, OH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.4 89.2 80.4 99.3 98.8 91.9 93.9
Cleveland, OH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.9 106.5 89.3 112.9 101.6 102.4 98.6
Colorado Springs, CO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.8 94.7 89.3 87.7 104.2 104.5 94.6
Columbia, SC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.2 98.4 77.2 95.2 84.7 102.1 93.5
Columbus, OH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.4 96.3 95.9 102.3 103.5 104.1 94.9
Conroe, TX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.0 86.3 74.5 94.7 91.7 97.6 92.6
Corpus Christi, TX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.2 82.0 79.9 98.2 93.3 87.4 92.8
Covington, KY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.6 86.7 78.8 92.5 102.6 93.6 97.2
Dallas, TX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.2 99.0 71.5 98.6 103.4 101.6 97.4
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL . . . . . 94.9 97.1 86.6 94.6 104.8 92.0 98.4
Dayton, OH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.5 91.9 80.4 100.8 103.4 93.8 99.7
Denver, CO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.4 102.9 109.3 102.4 95.4 108.5 100.8
Des Moines, IA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.3 87.0 86.2 96.4 94.1 89.9 91.9
Dover, DE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.7 110.6 93.0 132.9 101.1 104.7 99.3
Durham, NC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.8 96.6 79.8 90.5 93.4 96.3 93.4
El Paso, TX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.0 112.1 78.5 95.6 99.2 100.3 94.3
Erie, PA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.3 97.6 87.1 129.0 97.5 95.1 96.6
Fargo-Moorhead, ND-MN. . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.4 97.4 82.0 122.5 101.8 97.8 95.5
Fayetteville, AR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.8 91.4 77.4 105.1 98.7 92.2 94.8
Fort Lauderdale, FL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121.0 102.6 167.6 102.8 104.8 107.2 102.0
Fort Myers-Cape Coral, FL. . . . . . . . . . . . 102.6 98.2 109.1 98.4 99.6 101.2 101.3
Fort Smith, AR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.0 94.6 68.5 98.4 88.4 91.0 100.5
Fort Wayne-Allen County, IN . . . . . . . . . . 88.7 90.3 81.5 94.1 103.2 90.5 87.9
Fort Worth, TX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.2 95.3 74.0 97.9 97.7 90.1 91.1
Framingham-Natick, MA . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131.0 116.6 164.3 141.6 105.9 114.2 115.8
Fresno, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.8 115.1 148.6 107.3 112.0 108.9 105.6
Gastonia, NC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.2 96.6 73.5 87.9 93.6 98.0 94.1
Grand Rapids, MI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.5 105.5 100.4 120.9 99.1 90.9 100.0
Greeley, CO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.3 102.9 92.0 97.2 97.1 104.0 101.6
Green Bay, WI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.3 91.5 84.2 106.7 102.2 97.0 94.6
Greenville, NC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.4 110.9 78.3 106.3 97.2 113.9 103.3
Hampton Roads-South East Virginia, VA . . 106.8 100.9 126.4 105.9 103.4 98.5 95.6
Harlingen, TX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.5 78.9 69.7 100.1 92.6 96.3 87.3
Hickory, NC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.9 99.8 91.9 90.7 90.6 99.2 97.5
Honolulu, HI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.1 159.1 246.5 139.7 117.5 110.3 123.7
Houston, TX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.7 83.1 73.5 100.6 96.2 101.2 93.0
See footnotes at end of table.
Prices 469
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 706. Cost of Living Index—Selected Urban Areas:
Annual Average 2007—Con.
[Measures relative price levels for consumer goods and services in participating areas for a mid-management standard of living.
The nationwide average equals 100 and each index is read as a percent of the national average. The index does not mea-
sure inflation, but compares prices at a single point in time. Excludes taxes. For definition of urban areas, see source. For inter-
national comparisons, see Table 1313, Section 30]
Com- Misc.
Urban areas posite Grocery Transpor- Health goods and
index items Housing Utilities tation care services
(100%) (13%) (29%) (10%) (10%) (4%) (35%)
Huntsville, AL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.5 93.6 78.9 84.1 96.9 95.0 103.8
Indianapolis, IN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.7 92.3 98.4 95.6 98.6 92.3 91.6
Jackson, MS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.5 90.8 84.9 103.3 93.6 104.5 97.3
Jacksonville, FL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.7 99.0 95.4 88.0 106.7 96.0 102.2
Joliet-Will County, IL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.1 107.2 93.6 90.3 105.8 102.7 100.8
Kalamazoo, MI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.2 105.3 87.6 95.5 102.5 98.0 97.7
Kansas City, MO-KS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.7 91.4 87.2 103.9 100.1 98.0 100.3
Knoxville, TN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.0 89.5 75.2 89.8 87.2 89.3 94.5
Lafayette, LA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.7 95.4 104.5 87.5 101.7 89.8 95.7
Lancaster, PA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.4 98.7 119.5 104.4 100.3 97.7 102.1
Las Vegas, NV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.8 100.8 133.6 106.2 104.4 107.0 96.9
Lawrence, KS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.3 86.5 90.1 91.8 96.5 93.6 95.0
Little Rock-North Little Rock, AR . . . . . . . . 95.8 100.4 78.1 108.8 95.9 95.1 104.6
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA . . . . . . . . . . 144.6 111.8 251.2 78.6 113.5 103.8 103.8
Louisville, KY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.5 89.6 89.6 109.1 110.2 97.3 99.8
Loveland, CO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.9 99.2 79.2 94.8 100.6 99.4 100.9
Lubbock, TX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.4 91.3 71.1 83.7 102.8 98.7 91.5
McAllen, TX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.1 79.5 72.6 77.9 97.9 95.7 91.4
Memphis, TN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.3 90.4 76.5 83.8 92.2 97.1 99.0
Miami-Dade County, FL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.4 103.3 138.2 106.6 109.6 105.6 106.9
Middlesex-Monmouth, NJ. . . . . . . . . . . . . 126.9 113.1 167.2 106.9 103.6 110.6 114.0
Missoula, MT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.2 113.5 96.2 101.8 98.6 99.8 101.4
Mobile, AL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.2 101.3 77.2 102.5 92.4 86.0 101.4
Montgomery, AL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.5 98.7 93.1 100.0 94.7 85.7 96.3
Murfreesboro-Smyrna, TN . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.1 100.4 75.7 97.5 106.7 102.4 103.8
Myrtle Beach, SC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.8 105.1 80.1 86.2 97.2 101.3 100.8
Nassau County, NY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.1 125.7 238.8 139.7 110.1 117.4 114.8
New Haven, CT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.9 121.5 129.4 130.7 99.8 113.4 109.4
New York (Manhattan), NY. . . . . . . . . . . . 212.8 158.1 396.1 152.0 122.5 128.4 139.4
New York (Queens), NY . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148.6 130.9 217.1 128.7 110.3 112.8 121.0
Newark-Elizabeth, NJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126.4 111.1 164.0 107.5 104.1 107.0 116.1
Oakland, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146.6 138.3 211.0 87.7 118.2 121.3 125.8
Oklahoma City, OK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.0 86.3 78.7 83.7 100.3 103.9 97.7
Olympia, WA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.8 108.9 98.9 91.1 111.4 121.8 108.2
Omaha, NE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.5 87.2 78.4 88.0 100.9 94.7 93.1
Orlando, FL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.4 98.2 99.2 109.6 105.9 98.2 106.7
Palm Springs, CA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125.4 110.3 165.8 103.8 117.6 102.5 109.6
Peoria, IL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.7 100.2 88.4 104.1 103.7 98.0 100.7
Philadelphia, PA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.5 124.4 144.4 116.1 105.8 111.0 115.2
Phoenix, AZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.6 100.5 100.9 93.6 100.7 101.0 102.4
Pittsburgh, PA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.9 98.3 92.6 108.2 105.7 87.3 101.0
Plano, TX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.6 102.8 82.0 99.7 101.4 104.3 105.6
Portland, OR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120.8 124.3 134.3 103.6 111.0 107.9 118.0
Providence, RI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120.6 116.5 134.7 119.0 101.1 115.8 117.3
Raleigh, NC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.3 102.1 96.7 91.3 95.6 103.7 103.1
Reno-Sparks, NV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.8 104.3 113.9 86.5 111.2 109.0 109.3
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA . . . . . . . . 93.8 94.1 84.4 89.4 106.4 116.4 96.4
Richmond, VA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.4 94.7 111.4 112.3 108.0 102.1 105.2
Riverside City, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.5 106.7 154.5 88.4 112.7 106.6 103.0
Roanoke, VA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.6 90.0 87.8 88.7 89.9 94.9 96.1
Rochester, MN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.9 88.6 93.5 108.2 100.7 104.0 106.3
Round Rock, TX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.1 85.0 75.5 108.3 95.2 106.3 100.8
Sacramento, CA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124.7 130.6 153.6 101.8 104.8 114.2 112.9
Salt Lake City, UT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.7 102.3 98.0 87.4 103.5 99.3 105.4
San Antonio, TX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.1 83.7 84.1 83.5 100.1 102.5 106.4
San Diego, CA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139.5 111.9 218.1 104.7 111.2 116.3 107.5
San Francisco, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168.5 139.5 275.2 87.8 123.1 123.5 135.0
San Jose, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.2 143.8 251.5 99.0 113.1 122.7 111.3
Sarasota, FL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.3 102.0 130.2 100.6 103.3 105.8 99.8
Seattle, WA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121.0 113.0 153.2 94.6 106.1 124.0 109.6
See footnotes at end of table.
470 Prices
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 706. Cost of Living Index—Selected Urban Areas:
Annual Average 2007—Con.
[Measures relative price levels for consumer goods and services in participating areas for a mid-management standard of living.
The nationwide average equals 100 and each index is read as a percent of the national average. The index does not mea-
sure inflation, but compares prices at a single point in time. Excludes taxes. For definitions of urban areas, see source. For inter-
national comparisons, see Table 1313, Section 30]
Com- Misc.
Urban areas posite Grocery Transpor- Health goods and
index items Housing Utilities tation care services
(100%) (13%) (29%) (10%) (10%) (4%) (35%)
Shreveport-Bossier City, LA . . . . . . . . . . . 92.7 91.9 87.5 93.3 91.9 93.1 97.3
Slidell-St. Tammany Parish, LA . . . . . . . . . 99.6 108.5 98.3 89.9 99.8 96.4 100.3
South Bend, IN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.5 93.5 80.8 91.5 96.6 94.6 94.7
Spokane, WA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.8 98.2 84.1 86.4 108.0 108.3 101.9
Springfield, IL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.9 94.5 84.5 97.4 107.3 112.0 91.5
Springfield, MO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.1 95.7 73.4 91.2 100.0 92.7 95.0
St. Cloud, MN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.4 95.2 89.6 105.6 102.7 98.2 106.3
St. Louis, MO-IL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.5 106.1 77.9 90.9 96.0 97.2 95.0
St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL. . . . . . . . . . 100.6 104.0 99.9 114.9 101.6 93.6 96.3
Syracuse, NY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.7 99.5 81.5 121.0 101.8 94.0 105.5
Tacoma, WA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.1 123.8 112.0 99.3 110.4 121.3 105.3
Tampa, FL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.6 97.6 95.8 98.6 102.7 94.1 100.5
Temple, TX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.7 80.6 74.8 107.6 97.2 90.9 94.7
Tucson, AZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.3 105.4 95.9 96.3 100.5 102.3 102.7
Tulsa, OK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.6 92.1 75.1 91.6 107.2 102.8 98.8
Waco, TX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.3 81.4 78.3 99.2 94.8 97.2 95.7
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA . . 136.4 106.6 210.6 111.4 109.8 110.0 106.0
Wilmington, DE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.1 119.1 97.8 122.7 103.0 113.2 106.2
Wilmington, NC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.2 106.7 98.5 93.2 102.9 113.0 98.9
Winston-Salem, NC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.8 97.7 75.4 85.1 88.5 101.9 98.8
York County, PA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.9 92.4 106.0 101.6 94.6 90.1 99.9
Source: C2ER, P.O.Box 100127, Arlington, VA 22210, ACCRA Cost of Living Index, Annual Average 2007 (copyright).
Per- Per-
cent cent
State change State change
2006− 2006−
2000 2005 2006 2007 2007 2000 2005 2006 2007 2007
U.S. . . . 241 366 387 390 0.84
AL . . . . . . 204 262 284 297 4.45 MT . . . . . . 218 333 369 395 6.90
AK . . . . . . 170 257 269 285 5.97 NE . . . . . . 205 249 255 261 2.45
AZ . . . . . . 207 394 431 420 −2.41 NV . . . . . . 194 396 411 387 −5.86
AR . . . . . . 184 240 255 264 3.63 NH . . . . . . 296 493 502 499 −0.61
CA . . . . . . 285 617 644 602 −6.65 NJ . . . . . . 295 547 579 577 −0.27
CO. . . . . . 280 355 365 370 1.37 NM. . . . . . 203 290 328 346 5.39
CT . . . . . . 276 457 473 477 0.81 NY . . . . . . 361 627 660 664 0.66
DE . . . . . . 279 475 512 522 1.95 NC . . . . . . 243 307 332 348 4.85
DC . . . . . . 267 614 657 670 1.87 ND . . . . . . 167 229 242 261 7.87
FL . . . . . . 214 445 486 464 −4.70 OH. . . . . . 223 268 271 270 −0.42
GA . . . . . . 250 322 339 348 2.55
OK . . . . . . 150 190 200 210 5.13
HI . . . . . . 238 501 538 549 2.01 OR. . . . . . 256 400 455 472 3.85
ID . . . . . . 201 299 342 358 4.56 PA . . . . . . 244 376 402 413 2.83
IL. . . . . . . 252 358 378 385 1.95 RI . . . . . . 296 586 601 585 −2.56
IN . . . . . . 211 251 256 260 1.47 SC . . . . . . 220 287 311 322 3.73
IA . . . . . . 192 241 248 255 2.73
KS . . . . . . 186 231 242 248 2.54 SD . . . . . . 203 269 284 298 4.83
KY . . . . . . 221 274 285 295 3.51 TN . . . . . . 221 279 301 314 4.14
LA . . . . . . 164 219 243 253 4.14 TX . . . . . . 166 204 218 229 5.22
ME. . . . . . 295 489 511 521 1.91 UT . . . . . . 242 306 360 394 9.27
MD. . . . . . 248 493 538 542 0.80 VT . . . . . . 263 432 464 475 2.41
MA. . . . . . 440 725 723 708 −2.17 VA . . . . . . 243 441 475 478 0.81
MI . . . . . . 264 321 318 305 −4.27 WA . . . . . 279 429 487 514 5.44
MN. . . . . . 239 362 372 368 −1.15 WV . . . . . 161 217 229 236 3.04
MS. . . . . . 186 233 255 266 4.12 WI . . . . . . 231 316 328 334 1.94
MO . . . . . 215 288 300 308 2.46 WY . . . . . 157 235 267 290 8.27
Source: Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight, Housing Price Index, 4th quarter 2007, at <http://www.ofheo.gov/media
/pdf/4q07hpi.pdf> (released 26 February 2008). For most recent release, see <http://www.ofheo.gov/hpi.aspx?Nav=62>.
Prices 471
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 708. Weekly Food Cost of a Nutritious Diet by Type of Family and
Individual: 2007
[In dollars. Assumes that food for all meals and snacks is purchased at the store and prepared at home. See source for details
on estimation procedures]
December 2007
Family type Thrifty Low-cost Moderate- Liberal
plan plan cost plan plan
FAMILIES
Family of two:
19 to 50 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.50 98.60 121.20 152.00
51 to 70 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.40 94.40 116.40 140.60
Family of four:
Couple, 19 to 50 years old and children—
2 to 3 and 4 to 5 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.60 143.10 175.50 217.60
6 to 8 and 9 to 11 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129.60 167.70 208.60 254.10
1
INDIVIDUALS
Child:
1 year old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.50 25.90 29.80 36.30
2 to 3 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.60 26.10 31.60 38.30
4 to 5 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.60 27.40 33.80 41.10
6 to 8 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.40 36.70 45.40 53.60
9 to 11 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.80 41.40 53.10 62.30
Male:
12 to 13 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.30 46.50 57.60 68.50
14 to 18 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.40 47.90 59.30 69.60
19 to 50 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.10 47.80 59.20 72.40
51 to 70 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.90 45.40 55.60 67.40
71 and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.00 45.20 56.20 67.60
Female:
12 to 13 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.30 40.60 49.30 59.30
14 to 18 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.20 40.80 48.90 59.60
19 to 50 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.30 41.80 51.00 65.80
51 to 70 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.80 40.40 50.30 60.40
71 years old and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.60 40.40 50.60 60.80
1
The costs given are for individuals in 4-person families. For individuals in other size families, the following adjustments are
suggested: 1-person, add 20 percent; 2-person, add 10 percent; 3-person, add 5 percent; 5- or 6-person, subtract 5 percent;
7- (or more) person, subtract 10 percent.
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Official USDA Food Plans: Cost of Food at Home at Four Levels, monthly. See also
<http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/Publications/FoodPlans/2007/CostofFoodDec07.pdf> (released January 2008).
472 Prices
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 710. Average Prices of Selected Fuels and Electricity: 1990 to 2007
[In dollars per unit, except electricity, in cents per kWh. Represents price to end-users, except as noted]
1
Type Unit 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Crude oil, composite 2 . . . . . Barrel . . . . . 22.22 17.23 28.26 22.95 24.10 28.53 36.98 50.24 60.24 67.93
Motor gasoline: 3
Unleaded regular . . . . . . Gallon . . . . . 1.16 1.15 1.51 1.46 1.36 1.59 1.88 2.30 2.59 2.80
Unleaded premium . . . . . Gallon . . . . . 1.35 1.34 1.69 1.66 1.56 1.78 2.07 2.49 2.81 3.03
No. 2 heating oil. . . . . . . . . Gallon . . . . . 0.73 0.56 0.93 0.83 0.74 0.93 1.17 1.71 1.98 2.24
No. 2 diesel fuel. . . . . . . . . Gallon . . . . . 0.73 0.56 0.94 0.84 0.76 0.94 1.24 1.79 2.10 2.27
Propane, consumer grade . . Gallon . . . . . 0.75 0.49 0.60 0.51 0.42 0.58 0.84 1.09 1.36 1.49
Residual fuel oil . . . . . . . . . Gallon . . . . . 0.44 0.39 0.60 0.53 0.57 0.70 0.74 1.05 1.22 1.37
Natural gas, residential . . . . 1,000 cu/ft.. . 5.80 6.06 7.76 9.63 7.89 9.63 10.75 12.70 13.75 13.01
Electricity, residential. . . . . . kWh. . . . . . . 7.83 8.40 8.24 8.58 8.44 8.72 8.95 9.45 10.40 10.64
1 2 3
See headnote. Refiner acquisition cost. Average, all service.
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review. For most current issue, see <http://www.eia.doe.gov
/emeu/mer/contents.html>.
Finished
Crude materials Finished goods
consumer foods
Inter-
Food- Crude mediate
Year stuffs nonfood materials, Finished
and materials supplies, Con- Capital consumer
feed- except and com- sumer equip- Pro- goods
Total stuffs Fuel fuel ponents goods ment Crude cessed excl. food
1990 . . . . . . 108.9 113.1 84.8 107.3 114.5 118.2 122.9 123.0 124.4 115.3
1994 . . . . . . 101.8 106.5 82.4 97.0 118.5 123.3 134.1 111.3 127.9 121.6
1995 . . . . . . 102.7 105.8 72.1 105.8 124.9 125.6 136.7 118.8 129.8 124.0
1996 . . . . . . 113.8 121.5 92.6 105.7 125.7 129.5 138.3 129.2 133.8 127.6
1997 . . . . . . 111.1 112.2 101.3 103.5 125.6 130.2 138.2 126.6 135.1 128.2
1998 . . . . . . 96.8 103.9 86.7 84.5 123.0 128.9 137.6 127.2 134.8 126.4
1999 . . . . . . 98.2 98.7 91.2 91.1 123.2 132.0 137.6 125.5 135.9 130.5
2000 . . . . . . 120.6 100.2 136.9 118.0 129.2 138.2 138.8 123.5 138.3 138.4
2001 . . . . . . 121.0 106.1 151.4 101.5 129.7 141.5 139.7 127.7 142.4 141.4
2002 . . . . . . 108.1 99.5 117.3 101.0 127.8 139.4 139.1 128.5 141.0 138.8
2003 . . . . . . 135.3 113.5 185.7 116.9 133.7 145.3 139.5 130.0 147.2 144.7
2004 . . . . . . 159.0 127.0 211.4 149.2 142.6 151.7 141.4 138.2 153.9 150.9
2005 . . . . . . 182.2 122.7 279.7 176.7 154.0 160.4 144.6 140.2 156.9 161.9
2006 . . . . . . 184.8 119.3 241.5 210.0 164.0 166.0 146.9 151.3 157.1 169.2
2007 1 . . . . . 207.3 146.7 237.5 238.8 170.6 173.5 149.5 169.6 166.7 175.6
PERCENT
CHANGE 2
1990 . . . . . . 5.6 1.7 −0.6 12.0 2.2 5.4 3.5 2.8 4.9 5.9
1994 . . . . . . −0.6 −1.8 −5.4 3.1 2.0 0.2 2.1 −2.7 1.1 −0.1
1995 . . . . . . 0.9 −0.7 −12.5 9.1 5.4 1.9 1.9 6.7 1.5 2.0
1996 . . . . . . 10.8 14.8 28.4 −0.1 0.6 3.1 1.2 8.8 3.1 2.9
1997 . . . . . . −2.4 −7.7 9.4 −2.1 −0.1 0.5 −0.1 −2.0 1.0 0.5
1998 . . . . . . −12.9 −7.4 −14.4 −18.4 −2.1 −1.0 −0.4 0.5 −0.2 −1.4
1999 . . . . . . 1.4 −5.0 5.2 7.8 0.2 2.4 0.0 −1.3 0.8 3.2
2000 . . . . . . 22.8 1.5 50.1 29.5 4.9 4.7 0.9 −1.6 1.8 6.1
2001 . . . . . . 0.3 5.9 10.6 −14.0 0.4 2.4 0.6 3.4 3.0 2.2
2002 . . . . . . −10.7 −6.2 −22.5 −0.5 −1.5 −1.5 −0.4 0.6 −1.0 −1.8
2003 . . . . . . 25.2 14.1 58.3 15.7 4.6 4.2 0.3 1.2 4.4 4.3
2004 . . . . . . 17.5 11.9 13.8 27.6 6.7 4.4 1.4 6.3 4.6 4.3
2005 . . . . . . 14.6 −3.4 32.3 18.4 8.0 5.7 2.3 1.4 1.9 7.3
2006 . . . . . . 1.4 −2.8 −13.7 18.8 6.5 3.5 1.6 7.9 0.1 4.5
2007 1 . . . . . 12.2 23.0 −1.7 13.7 4.0 4.5 1.8 12.1 6.1 3.8
1 2
Preliminary. Change from immediate prior year. 1990, change from 1989.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Producer Price Indexes, monthly and annual. See also Monthly Labor Review at
<http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/welcome.htm>.
Prices 473
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 713. Producer Price Indexes by Stage of Processing and Commodity:
1990 to 2007
[1982 = 100, except as indicated. See Appendix III]
1
Stage of processing 1990 1995 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Finished goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.2 127.9 138.0 143.3 148.5 155.7 160.4 166.6
Finished consumer goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.2 125.6 138.2 145.3 151.7 160.4 166.0 173.5
Finished consumer foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124.4 129.0 137.2 145.9 152.7 155.7 156.7 166.9
Fresh fruits and melons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.1 85.8 91.4 84.1 104.9 102.8 111.0 122.2
Fresh and dry vegetables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.1 144.4 126.7 135.7 129.4 142.6 153.3 165.5
Eggs for fresh use (Dec. 1991 = 100) . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 86.3 84.9 106.6 100.0 79.6 90.0 132.6
Bakery products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141.0 164.3 182.3 195.0 196.3 201.1 207.7 216.7
Milled rice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.5 113.1 101.2 102.5 135.5 120.1 136.1 155.2
Pasta products (June 1985 = 100). . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.1 125.0 121.6 126.4 127.3 127.9 128.3 136.0
Beef and veal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.0 100.9 113.7 137.9 141.2 147.4 142.3 146.1
Pork. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.8 101.5 113.4 115.7 132.7 131.9 128.0 133.2
Processed young chickens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.0 113.5 110.4 119.7 138.9 136.2 118.1 139.4
Processed turkeys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.6 104.9 98.7 92.5 107.8 105.1 103.6 110.6
Finfish and shellfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147.2 170.8 198.1 195.3 206.3 222.6 237.4 242.5
Dairy products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.2 119.7 133.7 139.4 155.9 154.5 147.5 175.7
Processed fruits and vegetables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124.7 122.4 128.6 133.8 135.2 140.4 148.9 157.4
Soft drinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.3 133.1 144.1 153.0 156.5 159.1 162.8 166.7
Roasted coffee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.0 146.5 133.5 127.3 130.1 151.1 153.6 163.7
Shortening and cooking oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.2 142.5 132.4 160.8 193.7 176.7 183.7 214.7
Finished consumer goods excluding foods ... 115.3 124.0 138.4 144.7 150.9 161.9 169.2 175.6
Alcoholic beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 117.2 128.5 140.6 148.9 152.8 158.5 160.1 160.1
Apparel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 117.5 124.2 127.4 125.7 125.6 125.6 125.9 127.0
Women’s/girls’/infants’ cut & sew apparel
(Dec. 2003 = 100). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 100.2 100.3 100.3 101.1
Men’s and boys’ cut & sew apparel
(Dec. 2003 = 100). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 99.9 98.7 98.0 98.6
Textile house furnishings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.5 119.5 122.0 122.4 123.4 122.9 123.2 125.3
Footwear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125.6 139.2 144.9 147.1 146.2 148.1 149.3 151.5
Residential electric power (Dec. 1990 = 100). . . . . . (NA) 111.8 110.8 118.8 121.4 126.4 134.8 139.2
Residential gas (Dec. 1990 = 100) . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 104.4 135.5 167.6 183.2 216.8 226.7 224.8
Gasoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.7 63.7 94.6 102.7 128.1 168.6 197.2 222.1
Fuel oil No. 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.3 56.6 93.5 95.3 120.7 178.4 207.4 223.7
Soaps and synthetic detergents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.7 122.9 128.2 130.9 132.9 134.6 142.7 144.9
Cosmetics and other toilet preparations . . . . . . . . . 121.6 129.0 137.4 140.4 140.6 143.0 145.2 147.8
Tires, tubes, and tread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.8 100.2 93.0 97.9 102.5 108.1 114.7 118.6
Sanitary papers and health products . . . . . . . . . . . 135.3 144.4 146.7 150.5 148.5 154.6 160.1 161.8
Book publishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.4 185.0 218.2 243.1 253.1 264.0 275.2 284.9
Household furniture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125.1 141.8 152.7 158.2 160.5 166.5 172.3 174.6
Floor coverings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.0 123.7 129.6 133.6 136.7 146.4 154.5 156.5
Household appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.8 112.4 107.3 102.4 101.5 103.3 104.1 105.2
Home electronic equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.7 78.9 71.8 67.7 65.2 62.6 60.3 58.2
Household glassware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132.5 153.2 166.0 168.9 171.4 174.7 172.3 176.7
Household flatware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.1 138.3 142.6 145.2 145.4 147.7 152.7 (NA)
Lawn and garden equipment, except tractors . . . . . 123.0 130.4 132.0 133.5 134.5 134.5 134.9 136.5
Passenger cars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.3 134.1 132.8 129.5 131.7 131.8 128.0 126.2
Toys, games, and children’s vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . 118.1 124.3 121.9 124.9 125.1 127.0 128.5 131.0
Sporting and athletic goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.6 122.0 126.1 124.0 123.4 124.6 126.1 129.8
Tobacco products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221.4 231.3 397.2 431.6 434.0 457.8 460.0 489.6
Mobile homes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.5 145.6 161.3 169.6 186.6 200.8 208.8 211.2
Jewelry, platinum, and karat gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.8 127.8 127.2 132.4 135.3 138.6 148.6 153.7
Costume jewelry and novelties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125.3 135.1 141.6 144.9 147.9 153.5 154.2 156.6
Capital equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.9 136.7 138.8 139.5 141.4 144.6 146.9 149.5
Agricultural machinery and equipment . . . . . . . . . . 121.7 142.9 153.7 160.9 165.9 174.7 178.9 183.9
Construction machinery and equipment . . . . . . . . . 121.6 136.7 148.6 153.2 158.5 168.3 175.4 179.6
Metal cutting machine tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129.8 148.0 161.9 150.6 151.4 155.1 163.4 165.5
Metal forming machine tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.7 145.7 161.8 167.6 171.6 178.9 183.3 184.4
Pumps, compressors, and equipment . . . . . . . . . . 119.2 139.4 154.1 162.9 167.5 178.5 186.0 195.0
Electronic computers (Dec. 2004 = 100) . . . . . . . . . (NA) 850.1 261.6 122.3 107.3 85.5 66.5 51.5
Textile machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.8 146.7 156.2 157.6 158.1 160.5 161.7 162.3
Paper industries machinery (June 1982 = 100) . . . . 134.8 151.0 164.7 170.3 173.7 178.1 180.6 183.8
Printing trades machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124.9 133.6 142.1 143.1 143.4 144.3 146.5 150.5
Transformers and power regulators . . . . . . . . . . . . 120.9 128.9 135.8 131.9 135.7 150.3 172.5 194.8
Communication/related equip.(Dec. 1985 = 100) . . . 106.1 112.1 110.6 105.5 103.3 102.5 102.4 103.1
X-ray and electromedical equipment . . . . . . . . . . . 109.8 111.8 101.5 100.5 97.5 95.7 94.9 92.8
Mining machinery and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121.0 135.6 146.1 155.2 163.4 175.9 183.9 191.0
Office and store machines and equipment . . . . . . . 109.5 111.5 112.7 112.3 113.2 115.1 114.7 114.8
Commercial furniture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133.4 148.2 158.4 162.3 165.6 172.7 177.0 181.3
Light motor trucks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130.0 159.0 157.6 150.2 151.3 148.4 143.3 145.2
Heavy motor trucks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120.3 144.1 148.0 154.2 155.7 162.4 169.1 177.2
Truck trailers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.8 131.7 139.4 139.4 148.1 157.1 164.5 169.5
Civilian aircraft (Dec. 1985 = 100) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.3 141.8 159.6 179.9 190.5 202.2 212.4 219.5
Ships (Dec. 1985 = 100) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.1 132.8 146.9 159.4 171.4 176.6 183.2 192.3
Railroad equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.6 134.8 135.7 136.3 143.9 160.4 169.4 176.5
474 Prices
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 713. Producer Price Indexes by Stage of Processing and Commodity:
1990 to 2007—Con.
[1982 = 100, except as indicated. See Appendix III]
1
Stage of processing 1990 1995 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Intermediate materials less foods and feeds . 114.5 125.5 130.1 134.2 143.0 155.1 165.4 171.5
Synthetic fibers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.7 109.4 107.2 106.4 106.6 112.3 115.0 114.3
Processed yarns and threads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.6 112.8 107.9 103.6 108.7 111.7 114.0 117.0
Leather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177.5 191.4 182.2 214.0 220.6 219.6 223.7 230.3
Liquefied petroleum gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.4 65.1 127.1 150.9 193.3 244.7 268.5 314.6
Commercial electric power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.3 131.7 131.5 140.9 142.8 149.8 161.3 165.6
Industrial electric power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.6 130.8 131.5 145.8 147.2 156.2 172.8 180.5
Commercial natural gas (Dec. 1990 = 100) . . . . . . . (NA) 96.5 134.7 173.6 194.9 232.5 239.9 235.4
Industrial natural gas (Dec. 1990 = 100) . . . . . . . . . (NA) 90.9 139.0 180.5 201.7 249.4 246.2 242.0
Natural gas to electric utilities (Dec. 1990 = 100) . . . (NA) 87.7 120.7 158.2 171.6 204.0 191.4 187.8
Jet fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.0 55.0 88.5 86.3 112.6 169.6 199.1 209.7
No. 2 diesel fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.1 57.0 93.3 100.5 128.2 189.1 216.9 235.5
Residual fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.7 52.6 84.7 101.2 100.2 148.9 161.1 174.2
Industrial chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.2 128.4 129.1 141.7 162.8 188.5 212.4 225.9
Prepared paint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124.8 142.1 160.8 170.8 175.7 187.9 201.3 208.8
Fats and oils, inedible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.1 126.9 70.1 123.4 153.6 146.9 147.9 189.7
Mixed fertilizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.3 111.1 112.4 119.1 127.8 138.9 144.9 162.3
Plastic resins and materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124.1 143.5 141.6 146.1 163.1 193.0 198.4 196.2
Synthetic rubber. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.9 126.3 119.1 125.7 132.4 151.3 162.0 169.3
Plastic construction products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.2 133.8 135.8 138.6 144.6 158.8 181.8 179.1
Unsupported plastic film, sheet, and shapes . . . . . . 119.0 135.6 133.2 142.8 149.1 164.8 175.1 176.0
Plastic parts and components for manufacturing . . . 112.9 115.9 117.3 116.3 116.5 119.8 130.3 130.0
Softwood lumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.8 178.5 178.6 170.8 209.8 203.6 189.4 170.7
Hardwood lumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131.0 167.0 185.9 188.8 199.3 196.6 195.3 192.2
Plywood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.2 165.3 157.6 167.0 198.5 186.8 172.7 176.0
Paper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.8 159.0 149.8 146.1 149.4 159.6 167.4 169.1
Paperboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135.7 183.1 176.7 162.7 170.2 175.5 192.0 201.7
Paper boxes and containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129.9 163.8 172.6 172.9 177.6 183.7 192.5 197.7
Building paper and board. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.2 144.9 138.8 159.9 192.4 184.9 173.0 155.0
Commercial printing (June 1982 = 100) . . . . . . . . . 128.0 144.5 155.2 158.3 159.4 161.6 165.0 166.0
Foundry and forge shop products . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.2 129.3 136.5 137.4 144.0 156.2 163.0 170.9
Primary nonferrous metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133.4 146.8 113.6 104.8 133.6 158.2 236.0 269.8
Nonferrous wire and cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142.6 151.5 143.7 134.5 152.5 169.4 226.9 238.5
Metal containers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.0 117.2 106.8 109.2 116.2 123.9 126.9 133.3
Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125.9 141.1 151.2 156.5 161.6 168.0 174.0 179.6
Plumbing fixtures and brass fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.3 166.0 180.4 183.4 188.3 197.6 207.2 220.8
Heating equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131.6 147.5 155.6 163.2 169.5 179.9 185.7 195.3
Fabricated ferrous wire products (June 1982 = 100) . 114.6 125.7 130.0 131.3 149.3 157.1 162.6 166.5
Mechanical power transmission equipment . . . . . . . 125.3 146.9 163.9 171.7 179.3 189.5 197.0 204.8
Air conditioning and refrigeration equipment . . . . . . 122.1 130.2 135.3 137.2 139.4 146.2 150.1 157.2
Ball and roller bearings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130.6 152.0 168.8 171.3 177.1 187.1 193.1 200.1
Wiring devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132.2 147.2 152.9 152.9 169.0 176.6 188.2 194.4
Motors, generators, motor generator sets . . . . . . . . 132.9 143.9 146.2 147.4 149.8 157.8 165.0 172.9
Switchgear and switchboard equipment . . . . . . . . . 124.4 140.3 153.0 159.9 163.8 170.2 178.6 188.5
Electronic components and accessories . . . . . . . . . 118.4 113.6 97.1 90.8 88.8 87.0 88.5 82.5
Internal combustion engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120.2 135.6 143.8 144.6 145.8 147.7 152.5 154.8
Flat glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.5 113.2 109.7 111.0 108.6 111.0 113.5 114.2
Cement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.7 128.1 150.1 152.0 156.8 176.4 199.3 208.9
Concrete products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.5 129.4 147.8 153.6 161.2 177.2 195.1 203.3
Asphalt felts and coatings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.1 100.0 104.1 116.4 117.7 130.8 144.5 144.9
Gypsum products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.2 154.5 201.4 171.5 198.8 229.6 274.9 233.7
Glass containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120.4 130.5 127.4 140.2 144.4 146.4 152.8 162.2
Motor vehicle parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.2 116.0 113.6 111.8 112.0 113.1 116.3 117.9
Aircraft engines and engine parts (Dec. 1985 =
100) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.5 132.8 141.0 153.8 163.0 165.9 172.4 178.8
Photographic supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127.6 126.8 125.2 117.5 115.1 120.1 121.6 122.8
Medical/surgical/personal aid devices. . . . . . . . . . . 127.3 141.3 146.0 154.7 157.8 159.2 161.4 163.1
Crude materials for further processing . . . 108.9 102.7 120.6 135.3 159.0 182.2 184.8 207.3
Crude foodstuffs and feedstuffs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.1 105.8 100.2 113.5 127.0 122.7 119.3 146.7
Wheat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.6 118.6 80.3 98.5 106.0 102.7 116.9 172.8
Corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.9 109.0 76.4 93.8 97.5 75.9 95.6 141.5
Slaughter cattle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.5 99.5 104.1 124.3 126.2 131.5 126.2 136.1
Slaughter hogs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.1 70.2 72.7 66.1 87.8 82.7 77.2 76.1
Slaughter broilers/fryers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.5 129.1 127.6 149.3 188.5 181.0 156.1 199.9
Slaughter turkeys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.9 120.3 120.7 102.8 122.0 131.1 140.5 153.3
Fluid milk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.8 93.6 92.0 93.8 120.1 113.5 96.7 143.2
Soybeans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.8 102.2 83.4 108.8 130.0 102.6 96.8 137.9
Crude nonfood materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.5 96.8 130.4 148.2 179.2 223.4 230.6 246.7
Raw cotton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.2 156.2 95.2 92.9 85.6 78.9 79.7 82.1
Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.5 95.0 87.9 99.9 109.2 116.8 126.6 130.7
Natural gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.4 66.6 155.5 214.5 245.9 335.4 280.3 274.7
Crude petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.0 51.1 85.2 83.0 108.2 150.1 176.0 192.3
Logs and timber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142.8 220.4 196.4 181.8 193.3 197.4 201.2 216.8
Wastepaper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138.9 371.1 282.5 197.3 231.4 230.9 234.8 370.2
Iron ore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.3 91.8 94.8 95.9 98.2 116.9 132.5 128.8
Iron and steel scrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.0 202.7 142.1 182.6 323.7 289.8 335.2 407.9
Nonferrous metal ores (Dec. 1983 = 100) . . . . . . . . 98.3 101.6 68.0 78.5 113.7 150.0 215.9 245.9
Copper base scrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181.3 193.5 123.7 128.4 186.5 258.6 436.8 484.2
Aluminum base scrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.6 209.4 177.0 168.7 194.1 210.1 275.7 274.8
Construction sand, gravel, and crushed stone . . . . . 125.4 142.3 163.1 177.1 183.3 195.8 213.9 232.2
Industrial sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.6 132.5 146.0 160.4 165.3 174.4 183.2 191.6
1
NA Not available. Preliminary data.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Producer Price Indexes, monthly and annual. See also Monthly Labor Review at
<http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/welcome.htm>.
Prices 475
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 714. Producer Price Indexes for the Net Output of Selected Industries:
2003 to 2007
[Indexes are based on selling prices reported by establishments of all sizes by probability sampling. Manufacturing industries selected
by shipment value. N.e.c.= not elsewhere classified. See text, Section 22. See Appendix III]
NAICS Index
Industry code 1 base 2 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 3
476 Prices
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 714. Producer Price Indexes for the Net Output of Selected Industries:
2003 to 2007—Con.
[See headnote, page 476]
NAICS Index
Industry code 1 base 2 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 3
Household appliance stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443111 06/03 (NA) 93.3 100.5 104.2 102.6
Hardware stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444130 06/03 (NA) 103.5 108.6 112.8 114.9
Nursery, garden, and farm supply stores . . . . . . . . . . . 444220 12/02 102.1 112.4 117.2 118.5 113.4
Grocery (except convenience) stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445110 12/99 117.9 123.6 132.1 136.0 140.2
Beer, wine, and liquor stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445310 06/00 106.9 110.7 111.0 111.3 113.1
Food (health) supplement stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446191 12/99 139.1 144.9 149.2 164.6 162.6
Gasoline stations with convenience stores. . . . . . . . . . 447110 12/03 (NA) 102.5 104.3 110.1 122.8
Men’s clothing stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448110 06/02 102.2 103.8 105.8 102.5 103.4
Women’s clothing stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448120 06/03 (NA) 105.1 105.6 110.9 114.9
Family clothing stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448140 06/03 (NA) 103.7 108.3 110.6 110.3
Sporting goods stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451110 06/00 104.4 99.1 100.3 103.5 117.7
Book stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451211 06/00 113.7 118.2 114.5 117.2 121.0
Department stores, except discount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452111 12/03 (NA) 104.5 103.1 103.5 110.4
Discount department stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452112 12/03 (NA) 106.1 106.7 107.2 112.4
Office supplies and stationery stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453210 06/00 124.3 127.1 130.2 135.6 144.0
Manufactured (mobile) home dealers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453930 12/02 103.6 113.8 123.3 130.2 124.9
Scheduled passenger air transportation . . . . . . . . . . . 481111 12/89 205.7 205.8 217.1 229.6 234.0
Scheduled freight air transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481112 12/03 (NA) 100.2 104.9 108.4 108.9
Line-haul railroads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482111 12/84 121.4 126.5 139.6 151.6 156.8
General freight trucking, local . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484110 12/03 (NA) 105.2 111.5 115.3 119.9
General freight trucking, long-distance . . . . . . . . . . . . 484121 12/03 (NA) 102.7 108.6 112.0 113.5
Pipeline transportation of crude oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486110 06/86 111.1 115.2 125.5 135.3 138.2
Pipeline transportation of refined petroleum products. . . 486910 06/86 112.7 116.0 120.3 123.8 131.2
Marine cargo handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488320 12/91 111.5 113.2 115.1 118.4 123.1
United States Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491110 06/89 155.0 155.0 155.0 164.7 171.9
Couriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492110 12/03 (NA) 106.6 115.0 123.2 133.6
Newspaper publishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511110 12/79 395.6 409.7 426.2 439.1 450.7
Periodical publishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511120 12/79 332.3 339.1 347.6 354.4 369.7
Commercial banking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522110 12/03 (NA) 102.8 106.1 113.0 113.8
Savings institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522120 12/03 (NA) 100.9 98.8 101.2 105.6
Direct life insurance carriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524113 12/98 103.4 105.2 106.4 107.0 107.2
Direct health and medical insurance carriers . . . . . . . . 524114 12/02 106.2 111.8 116.8 121.5 124.9
Direct property and casualty insurance carriers . . . . . . 524126 06/98 115.1 118.8 121.1 121.8 122.1
General medical and surgical hospitals . . . . . . . . . . . . 622110 12/92 135.3 141.9 147.3 153.5 158.6
Nursing care facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623110 12/94 149.4 155.6 161.4 166.2 173.5
Hotels (except casino hotels) and motels . . . . . . . . . . 721110 12/03 (NA) 103.5 110.0 114.1 119.4
Casino hotels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721120 12/03 (NA) 105.0 107.5 110.8 113.3
1 2 3
NA Not available. North American Industry Classification System, 1997. Index base year equals 100. Preliminary
data.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Producer Price Indexes, monthly and annual. See also Monthly Labor Review at
<http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/welcome.htm>.
Table 715. Commodity Research Bureau Futures Price Index: 1990 to 2007
[1967 = 100. Index computed daily. Represents unweighted geometric average of commodity futures prices (through 6 months
forward) of 17 major commodity futures markets. Represents end of year index]
Item 1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
All commodities . . . . 222.6 243.2 191.2 205.1 227.8 190.6 234.5 255.3 283.9 347.9 394.9 476.1
Softs 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276.0 354.4 344.8 280.9 254.4 252.8 303.7 250.5 343.5 420.5 475.9 467.5
Industrials . . . . . . . . . . . . 245.5 272.5 185.3 192.9 211.0 141.8 176.6 256.6 232.1 302.5 368.8 418.3
Grains and oilseeds 2 . . . . 171.2 218.6 172.8 156.6 174.9 159.0 188.2 225.8 177.0 193.8 279.1 427.0
Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246.0 180.0 135.0 221.0 355.8 204.9 320.7 358.7 457.3 705.3 591.6 825.1
Oilseeds 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . 223.6 277.5 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3)
Livestock and meats . . . . . 226.2 192.4 186.7 239.6 253.6 247.4 251.0 237.8 303.6 300.3 294.6 297.7
Metals (precious) . . . . . . . 257.8 276.0 234.3 253.4 265.7 246.8 289.1 364.1 396.6 478.1 611.9 773.6
1
Prior to 1997, reported as imported. Softs include commodities that are grown and not mined such as coffee, cocoa, lumber,
cotton, and sugar. 2 Prior to 1997, reported as grains. 3 Incorporated into grains and oilseeds beginning 1997.
Source: Commodity Research Bureau (CRB), Chicago, IL, CRB Commodity Index Report, weekly (copyright).
Foodstuffs (10) . . . . . . . . . . . 206.4 236.4 197.5 178.1 184.7 201.6 238.1 250.2 256.0 241.7 276.0 335.9
Raw industrials (13) . . . . . . . . 301.2 332.2 265.3 268.9 255.8 217.3 248.6 309.1 321.5 354.7 449.3 503.2
Livestock and products (5) . . . 292.7 307.4 232.3 265.7 265.5 257.2 317.8 365.9 365.0 326.6 378.6 402.6
Metals (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283.2 300.6 218.5 261.6 214.0 172.5 184.5 276.7 357.7 440.9 744.7 933.0
Textiles and fibers (4). . . . . . . 257.6 274.3 237.5 223.8 245.7 217.4 230.2 255.2 237.9 252.5 254.4 267.5
Fats and oils (4) . . . . . . . . . . 188.7 226.7 236.0 174.8 163.6 175.8 234.0 297.2 262.6 223.4 273.9 363.4
Source: Commodity Research Bureau, Chicago, IL, CRB Commodity Index Report, weekly (copyright).
Prices 477
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 717. Chain-Type Price Indexes For Personal Consumption Expenditures
by Type of Expenditure: 1990 to 2006
[2000 = 100. For explanation of ‘‘chain-type,’’ see text, Section 13. See also Table 655]
478 Prices
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 718. Chain-Type Price Indexes for Gross Domestic Product: 1990 to 2007
[2000 = 100. For explanation of ‘‘chain-type,’’ see text, Section 13]
Gross private domestic investment . . . . 96.4 100.9 100.0 103.2 106.7 111.2 115.1 116.5
Fixed investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.5 100.3 100.0 103.3 106.8 111.4 115.4 116.7
Nonresidential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.7 106.2 100.0 99.6 100.9 103.8 107.0 108.3
Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.0 83.9 100.0 113.9 120.9 135.0 150.8 155.8
Equipment and software . . . . . . . . 118.2 115.2 100.0 94.9 94.6 94.5 94.5 94.9
Residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.9 85.8 100.0 112.4 120.6 128.7 134.3 135.5
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, April 2008. See also <http://www.bea.gov
/bea/dn/nipaweb/SelectTable.asp?Selected=N> (released April 2008).
Table 719. Import and Export Price Indexes by End-Use Category: 1990 to 2007
[As of June. Import indexes are weighted by the 2000 Tariff Schedule of the United States Annotated, a scheme for describing and
reporting product composition and value of U.S. imports. Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by importer. Export
indexes are weighted by 2000 export values according to the Schedule B classification system of the U.S. Census Bureau. Prices
used in these indexes were collected from a sample of U.S. manufacturers of exports and are factory transaction prices, except
as noted. Minus sign (−) indicates decrease]
Prices 479
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Table 720. Export Price Indexes—Selected Commodities: 1995 to 2007
[2000 = 100. As of June. Indexes are weighted by 2000 export values according to the Schedule B classification system of the
U.S. Census Bureau. Prices used in these indexes were collected from a sample of U.S. manufacturers of exports and are fac-
tory transaction prices, except as noted]
1
Commodities 1995 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
All commodities . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.5 100.1 98.0 99.5 103.4 106.7 111.2 116.0
Animal products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.2 102.2 94.3 104.5 121.5 130.9 125.1 153.2
Fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108.2 99.1 98.4 109.6 105.2 114.2 122.8 124.3
Vegetable products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.2 100.0 105.0 115.0 140.3 130.3 131.0 159.3
Fruit and nuts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.1 94.8 97.6 97.3 109.2 126.5 114.5 117.5
Cereals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137.6 100.0 106.6 119.3 143.3 118.1 136.9 179.2
Wheat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132.8 99.4 113.4 121.4 136.2 130.0 154.3 180.4
Corn (maize) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.6 101.0 104.8 121.3 146.9 111.8 127.1 189.8
Oilseeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.4 102.8 104.7 121.5 161.0 136.2 121.5 157.4
Beverages and tobacco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.0 100.0 99.3 102.8 110.7 110.3 112.5 120.5
Mineral products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.1 97.8 92.8 106.4 129.7 182.3 238.4 243.4
Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.4 97.4 92.1 106.2 127.9 172.8 219.6 230.5
Chemicals and related products . . . . . . . . 107.5 100.3 96.7 102.4 107.7 115.3 122.8 130.1
Plastics and rubber products . . . . . . . . . . 107.9 101.5 97.2 102.6 105.7 118.4 128.7 131.3
Hides, skins, and leather products . . . . . . . 107.8 95.7 102.6 104.3 108.6 113.0 116.8 122.6
Wood products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.7 100.0 89.9 93.0 103.8 104.3 107.8 113.5
Woodpulp and paper products. . . . . . . . 120.1 101.6 92.7 95.1 98.1 101.9 105.5 110.6
Textiles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120.6 100.2 95.0 97.7 98.8 100.8 101.9 101.9
Stone and glass products . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.3 100.7 100.7 100.2 99.0 103.5 104.1 110.1
Gems and precious metals. . . . . . . . . . . . 92.0 98.1 89.7 92.1 101.6 106.5 141.8 162.7
Base metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.6 100.5 98.4 100.2 119.6 131.8 151.9 169.3
Iron and steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.4 101.7 96.8 102.7 152.9 164.0 173.7 209.2
Articles of iron and steel. . . . . . . . . . . . 90.6 100.2 102.0 104.7 115.3 124.8 134.6 148.5
Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137.4 98.7 92.7 93.4 122.7 143.1 230.6 243.9
Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.8 98.4 94.3 94.6 107.3 113.2 146.0 149.5
Machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.9 99.9 97.2 95.4 94.9 94.9 93.8 94.3
Nonelectrical machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.7 100.0 98.9 99.1 99.9 100.5 101.5 102.7
Electrical machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.1 99.8 95.1 91.2 89.4 88.6 85.3 85.2
Transportation equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.1 100.0 102.9 104.5 106.5 108.8 111.5 113.8
Motor vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.1 100.0 100.3 101.1 102.4 103.2 104.6 105.6
Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.4 100.0 100.6 101.2 101.2 101.3 102.4 103.3
Miscellaneous manufactured articles . . . . . 98.0 100.4 101.5 100.5 99.2 100.6 101.1 104.7
1
June 2000 may not equal 100 because indexes were reweighted to an ‘‘average’’ trade value in 2000.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes, monthly. See also <http://stats.bls.gov/news.release
/ximpim.toc.htm>.
480 Prices
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009
Section 15
Business Enterprise
This section relates to the place and of which are affiliated through common
behavior of the business firm and to busi- ownership or control with other corpora-
ness initiative in the American economy. tions filing separate returns.
It includes data on the number, type, and
size of businesses; financial data of Economic census—The economic cen-
domestic and multinational U.S. corpora- sus is the major source of facts about the
tions; business investments, expendi- structure and functioning of the nation’s
tures, and profits; and sales and invento- economy. It provides essential informa-
ries. tion for government, business, industry,
and the general public. It furnishes an
The principal sources of these data are important part of the framework for such
the Survey of Current Business, published composite measures as the gross domes-
by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), tic product estimates, input/output mea-
the Statistical Supplement to the Federal sures, production and price indexes, and
Reserve Bulletin, issued by the Board of other statistical series that measure short-
Governors of the Federal Reserve System, term changes in economic conditions.
the annual Statistics of Income (SOI) The Census Bureau takes the economic
reports of the Internal Revenue Service census every 5 years, covering years end-
(IRS), and the Census Bureau’s Economic ing in ‘‘2’’ and ‘‘7.’’
Census, County Business Patterns, Quar-
terly Financial Report for Manufacturing, The economic census is collected on an
Mining, and Trade Corporations (QFR), establishment basis. A company operat-
Survey of Business Owners, and Annual ing at more than one location is required
Capital Expenditures Survey. to file a separate report for each store,
factory, shop, or other location. Each
Business firms—A firm is generally establishment is assigned a separate
defined as a business organization under industry classification based on its pri-
a single management and may include mary activity and not that of its parent
one or more establishments. The terms company. Establishments responding to
firm, business, company, and enterprise the establishment survey are classified
are used interchangeably throughout this into industries on the basis of their princi-
section. A firm doing business in more pal product or activity (determined by
than one industry is classified by industry annual sales volume). The statistics
according to the major activity of the firm issued by industry in the 2002 Economic
as a whole. Census are classified primarily on the
2002 North American Industry Classifica-
The IRS concept of a business firm relates tion System (NAICS), and, to a lesser
primarily to the legal entity used for tax extent, on the 1997 NAICS used in the
reporting purposes. A sole proprietorship previous census (see below).
is an unincorporated business owned by
one person and may include large enter- More detailed information about the
prises with many employees and hired scope, coverage, methodology, classifica-
managers and part-time operators. A part- tion system, data items, and publications
nership is an unincorporated business for each of the economic censuses and
owned by two or more persons, each of related surveys is published in the Guide
whom has a financial interest in the busi- to the 2002 Economic Census at <http:
ness. A corporation is a business that is //www.census.gov/econ/census02/guide/>.
legally incorporated under state laws.
While many corporations file consolidated Data from the 2002 Economic Census
tax returns, most corporate tax returns were released through the Census
represent individual corporations, some Bureau’s American FactFinder® service, on
Table 723. Number of Tax Returns and Business Receipts by Size of Receipts:
2000 to 2005
[5,045 represents 5,045,000. Covers active enterprises only. Figures are estimates based on sample of unaudited tax returns; see
Appendix III]
1
Returns (1,000) Business receipts (bil. dol.)
Size-class of receipts
2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005
Corporations . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,045 5,267 5,401 5,558 5,671 19,593 18,849 19,755 21,717 24,060
Under $25,000 2 . . . . . . . . . 1,220 1,283 1,280 1,317 1,300 4 4 3 4 4
$25,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . 302 314 346 334 340 10 12 13 12 12
$50,000 to $99,999 . . . . . . . 477 514 522 545 544 35 38 39 40 40
$100,000 to $499,999 . . . . . 1,515 1,583 1,649 1,703 1,755 397 395 412 424 437
$500,000 to $999,999 . . . . . 582 611 623 635 644 407 434 441 448 458
$1,000,000 or more . . . . . . . 946 962 981 1,023 1,088 18,738 17,967 18,848 20,788 23,108
Partnerships . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,058 2,242 2,375 2,547 2,764 2,316 2,669 2,818 3,142 3,719
Under $25,000 2 . . . . . . . . . 1,105 1,204 1,284 1,373 1,465 5 5 5 5 5
$25,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . 183 185 192 193 218 7 7 7 7 8
$50,000 to $99,999 . . . . . . . 187 195 206 226 233 13 14 15 16 17
$100,000 to $499,999 . . . . . 353 394 410 436 489 82 92 95 102 114
$500,000 to $999,999 . . . . . 92 105 111 121 131 66 74 78 86 92
$1,000,000 or more . . . . . . . 137 159 172 198 227 2,143 2,478 2,619 2,925 3,482
Nonfarm proprietorships . . . . 17,905 18,926 19,710 20,591 21,468 1,021 1,030 1,050 1,140 1,223
Under $25,000 2 . . . . . . . . . 11,997 12,716 13,308 13,916 14,456 82 87 93 97 100
$25,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . 2,247 2,358 2,450 2,536 2,587 80 83 87 90 92
$50,000 to $99,999 . . . . . . . 1,645 1,752 1,805 1,792 1,981 117 124 128 128 140
$100,000 to $499,999 . . . . . 1,733 1,803 1,851 2,020 2,091 355 362 373 405 425
$500,000 to $999,999 . . . . . 190 203 200 218 235 126 138 135 147 160
$1,000,000 or more . . . . . . . 92 93 96 109 117 261 234 235 273 306
1
Finance and insurance, real estate, and management of companies included investment income for partnerships and
corporations. 2 Includes firms with no receipts.
Source: U.S. Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Bulletin; and unpublished data.
Item 1990 1995 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Number of returns (1,000) . . . . . . . . . . 14,783 16,424 17,576 17,905 18,338 18,926 19,710 20,591 21,468
Returns with net income (1,000). . . . . 11,222 12,213 13,159 13,308 13,604 13,751 14,448 15,053 15,750
Business receipts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731 807 969 1,021 1,017 1,030 1,050 1,140 1,223
Income from sales and operations . . . 719 797 955 1,008 1,002 1,015 1,034 1,122 1,205
Business deductions 1 . . . . . . . .. . . . . 589 638 761 806 800 809 820 892 953
1
Cost of goods sold/operations . . . . . 291 307 370 387 363 352 338 371 397
Purchases . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 210 219 256 269 247 227 218 239 253
Labor costs . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 23 24 29 29 28 30 28 32 32
Materials and supplies . . . .. . . . . 30 34 42 43 44 46 47 53 56
Advertising . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . (NA) (NA) 9 10 11 11 12 13 14
Car and truck expenses . . . . .. . . . . 22 33 41 46 47 50 53 59 71
Commissions . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 9 10 11 12 12 14 14 13 15
Contract labor . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 25 28
Depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 24 27 31 32 33 37 42 43 39
Insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 13 13 13 14 14 16 17 19 19
Interest paid 2 . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 13 10 11 12 13 11 11 11 12
Office expenses . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . (NA) (NA) 10 10 11 11 12 12 13
Rent paid 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 23 28 31 33 34 35 36 37 39
Repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 9 10 12 12 12 13 13 15 15
Salaries and wages (net) . . . .. . . . . 47 54 61 63 64 66 68 71 75
Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . (NA) (NA) 22 22 23 25 26 27 29
Taxes paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 10 13 14 14 14 15 15 16 17
Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 14 17 18 19 20 21 22 21 23
Net income (less loss) 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 169 208 215 217 221 230 248 270
Net income 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 192 233 245 250 257 269 291 315
5
Constant (2000) Dollars
Business receipts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 896 877 991 1,021 993 991 991 1,045 1,085
Business deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 722 693 778 806 781 778 774 818 846
Net income (less loss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 184 213 215 212 213 217 227 239
Net income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 208 239 245 244 248 254 266 279
NA Not available. 1 Includes other amounts not shown separately. 2 Interest paid includes ‘‘mortgage interest’’ and ‘‘other
interest paid on business indebtedness.’’ 3 Rent paid includes ‘‘Rent on machinery and equipment’’ and ‘‘Rent on other business
4
property.’’ After adjustment for the passive loss carryover from prior years. Therefore, ‘‘business receipts’’ minus ‘‘total
deductions’’ do not equal ‘‘net income.’’ 5 Based on the overall implicit price deflator for gross domestic product.
Source: U.S. Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Bulletin.
Item 1990 1995 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Number of returns (1,000) . . . . . . .... 1,554 1,581 1,937 2,058 2,132 2,242 2,375 2,547 2,764
Returns with net income (1,000). .... 854 955 1,226 1,261 1,301 1,325 1,357 1,441 1,580
Number of partners (1,000). . . . . . .... 17,095 15,606 15,924 13,660 14,232 14,328 14,108 15,557 16,212
Assets1, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,735 2,719 5,999 6,694 8,428 8,867 9,675 11,608 13,734
Depreciable assets (net) . . . . . . . . . . 681 767 1,314 1,487 1,646 1,792 1,846 1,988 2,176
Inventories, end of year . . . . . . . . . . 57 88 174 150 208 203 214 276 315
Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 221 326 359 392 423 455 509 607
Liabilities1, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,415 1,886 3,453 3,696 4,835 4,972 5,303 6,248 7,483
Accounts payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 91 244 230 362 346 276 336 400
Short-term debt 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 124 232 252 289 283 274 296 373
Long-term debt 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498 544 989 1,132 1,286 1,375 1,389 1,546 1,772
Nonrecourse loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470 466 582 639 700 770 800 854 914
Partners’ capital accounts 2 . . . . . . . . . 320 832 2,546 2,999 3,593 3,895 4,372 5,360 6,251
Receipts 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566 890 1,907 2,405 2,665 2,773 2,923 3,260 3,863
Business receipts 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 854 1,829 2,316 2,569 2,669 2,818 3,142 3,719
Interest received . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 31 62 82 85 70 71 88 134
Deductions 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550 784 1,679 2,136 2,389 2,502 2,621 2,876 3,317
Cost of goods sold/operations . . . . . . 243 395 902 1,226 1,338 1,430 1,523 1,666 1,976
Salaries and wages . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 80 170 201 231 238 245 269 293
Taxes paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 13 27 31 35 36 39 42 47
Interest paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 43 74 93 97 68 65 64 103
Depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 23 52 59 72 83 84 90 71
Net income (less loss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 107 228 269 276 271 301 385 546
Net income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 179 348 410 446 440 469 566 724
1
Includes items not shown separately. 2 Assets, liabilities, and partners’ capital accounts are understated because not all
partnerships file complete balance sheets. 3 Mortgages, notes, and bonds payable in less than 1 year. 4 Mortgages, notes,
and bonds payable in 1 year or more. 5 Excludes investment income except for partnerships in finance, insurance, and real
estate in 1995. Beginning 1999, finance and insurance, real estate, and management of companies included investment income
for partnerships.
Source: U.S. Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income, various issues.
Number of
2002 partnerships (1,000)
Net
Industry NAICS With With Total income
code net net Total Business deduc- less Net Net
Total income loss assets 1 receipts 2 tions loss income loss
3
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 2,764 1,580 1,183 13,734 3,719 3,317 546.2 723.6 177.4
Agriculture, forestry,
fishing, and hunting . . . . . . . 11 128 74 53 111 23 29 1.7 7.3 5.6
Mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 28 19 9 173 84 60 34.1 38.8 4.7
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3 1 2 219 162 164 3.5 9.4 6.0
Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 182 109 73 270 276 256 27.3 33.5 6.2
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . 31−33 45 21 24 422 705 678 49.5 61.7 12.2
Wholesale trade . . . . . . . . . . 42 48 23 26 123 437 431 13.1 16.0 3.0
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44−45 142 66 76 108 316 320 3.9 8.7 4.9
Transportation and
warehousing . . . . . . . . . . . . 48−49 42 22 20 132 93 92 5.5 8.9 3.3
Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 37 14 23 544 200 197 25.8 37.1 11.3
Finance and insurance . . . . . . 52 288 213 75 7,659 447 249 197.9 215.6 17.7
Real estate and rental
and leasing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 1,296 709 587 3,101 285 223 72.1 144.5 72.4
Professional, scientific,
and technical services. . . . . . 54 170 111 59 131 267 216 66.5 72.2 5.6
Management of companies
and enterprises . . . . . . . . . . 55 25 15 10 373 46 30 16.4 22.3 6.0
Admin/support waste mgt/
remediation services . . . . . . . 56 48 32 16 36 61 59 5.1 6.5 1.5
Educational services. . . . . . . . 61 11 5 6 3 4 4 0.2 0.6 0.3
Health care and social
assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 60 39 21 79 131 120 19.1 22.8 3.6
Arts, entertainment,
and recreation . . . . . . . . . . . 71 49 18 31 66 39 44 0.3 5.4 5.1
Accommodation and
food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 72 96 53 43 170 124 126 3.1 10.2 7.1
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . 81 62 37 25 15 20 20 1.1 2.2 1.1
1 2
X Not applicable. Total assets are understated because not all partnerships file complete balance sheets. Finance and
insurance, real estate, and management of companies includes investment income for partnerships. 3 Includes businesses not
allocable to individual industries.
Source: U.S. Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income, various issues.
Item 1990 1995 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,707 4,109 6,368 6,983 7,431 8,186 9,224 10,142 10,989
Tangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,351 3,561 4,945 5,326 5,679 6,137 6,791 7,407 7,910
Real estate 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,040 3,210 4,508 4,867 5,203 5,633 6,254 6,832 7,301
Residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,121 2,365 3,320 3,674 3,966 4,325 4,802 5,199 5,450
Nonresidential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 919 845 1,187 1,193 1,237 1,308 1,453 1,633 1,851
Equipment and software 2 . . . . . . . . 263 294 367 390 405 426 453 486 515
Residential 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 36 39 40 40 42 45 49 50
Nonresidential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 259 329 350 365 384 408 438 465
Inventories 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 56 70 69 71 78 84 88 94
Financial assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 548 1,423 1,657 1,752 2,049 2,433 2,735 3,079
Checkable deposits and currency . . . 71 105 164 167 173 259 323 344 363
Time and savings deposits . . . . . . . 51 71 248 269 314 318 352 396 455
Money market fund shares . . . . . . . 7 17 49 61 64 69 74 83 98
Treasury securities . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 24 40 43 45 50 56 63 69
Municipal securities . . . . . . . . . . . . − 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 6
Mortgages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 22 23 26 26 31 36 41 46
Trade receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 140 342 363 338 364 431 486 551
Miscellaneous assets . . . . . . . . . . . 86 167 554 724 791 953 1,156 1,316 1,491
Insurance receivables . . . . . . . . . 39 44 46 52 57 60 65 67 69
Equity investment in GSEs 4 . . . . 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 122 506 670 732 891 1,089 1,248 1,420
Liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,349 1,396 2,674 3,084 3,173 3,517 4,052 4,474 4,958
Credit market instruments. . . . . . . . . . 1,093 1,062 1,796 2,107 2,199 2,443 2,775 3,122 3,525
Bank loans n.e.c. 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 165 361 430 442 466 624 691 818
Other loans and advances . . . . . . . 94 92 128 127 132 133 135 149 159
Mortgages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 863 805 1,308 1,550 1,625 1,844 2,016 2,282 2,547
Trade payables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 86 260 281 255 277 329 360 395
Taxes payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 33 65 70 70 78 87 92 99
Miscellaneous liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . 164 215 553 626 649 718 860 900 939
Net worth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,358 2,712 3,695 3,899 4,259 4,670 5,172 5,668 6,030
Debt/net worth (percent). . . . . . . . . . . 46.4 39.2 48.6 54.0 51.6 52.3 53.7 55.1 58.5
1 2 3
− Represents or rounds to zero. At market value. At replacement (current) cost. Durable goods in rental
properties. 4 GSEs = government-sponsored enterprises. Equity in the Farm Credit System. 5 Not elsewhere classified.
Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, ‘‘Federal Reserve Statistical Release, Z.1, Flow of Funds
Accounts of the United States’’; published 6 March 2008; <http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/z1/20080306/>.
Item 1990 1995 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,683 11,461 19,017 19,473 20,063 21,660 23,706 25,400 27,428
Tangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,108 6,502 9,245 9,531 9,954 10,728 11,797 13,053 14,526
Real estate 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,388 3,146 4,844 5,035 5,358 5,896 6,707 7,672 8,856
Equipment and software 2 . . . . . . . . 1,819 2,287 3,067 3,193 3,250 3,351 3,496 3,700 3,883
Inventories 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901 1,070 1,334 1,303 1,345 1,480 1,594 1,681 1,788
Financial assets 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,575 4,959 9,772 9,942 10,109 10,932 11,909 12,347 12,902
Checkable deposits and currency . . . 166 205 246 141 191 178 252 173 161
Time and savings deposits . . . . . . . 75 100 272 291 363 400 450 445 392
Money market fund shares . . . . . . . 20 60 191 336 299 324 366 431 592
Commercial paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 20 58 65 76 95 111 127 95
Mortgages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 58 44 50 52 67 68 70 72
Consumer credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 85 81 75 58 59 59 57 55
Trade receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . 967 1,185 1,939 1,720 1,702 1,831 2,109 2,215 2,321
Mutual fund shares 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 10 46 122 96 126 140 156 207 250
Liabilities 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,729 6,010 9,611 9,923 9,867 10,349 11,145 11,133 11,346
Credit market instruments. . . . . . . . . . 2,536 2,924 4,555 4,750 4,863 5,030 5,273 5,696 6,330
Commercial paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 157 278 120 85 102 94 117 128
Municipal securities 4 . . . . . . . . . . . 115 135 154 161 164 169 177 182 189
Corporate bonds 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,008 1,357 2,254 2,720 2,870 2,945 2,998 3,212 3,526
Bank loans n.e.c. 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . 545 602 853 636 548 550 515 570 675
Other loans and advances . . . . . . . 473 454 649 665 667 684 723 742 840
Mortgages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 220 366 449 529 581 767 874 972
Trade payables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626 878 1,541 1,457 1,403 1,500 1,699 1,775 1,848
Taxes payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 40 78 93 81 88 93 92 93
Net worth (market value) . . . . 4,954 5,451 9,406 9,550 10,195 11,310 12,560 14,266 16,082
Debt/net worth (percent). . . . . . . . . . . 51.2 53.6 48.4 49.7 47.7 44.5 42.0 39.9 39.4
1 2 3 4
At market value. At replacement (current) cost. Includes items not shown separately. Industrial revenue bonds.
Issued by state and local governments to finance private investment and secured in interest and principal by the industrial user of
the funds. 5 Through 1992, corporate bonds include net issues by Netherlands Antillean financial subsidiaries. 6 Not elsewhere
classified.
Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, ‘‘Federal Reserve Statistical Release, Z.1, Flow of Funds
Accounts of the United States’’; published 6 March 2008; <http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/z1/20080306/>.
Item 1990 1995 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Profits before tax (book) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 419 422 336 424 660 936 1,041 1,037
− Taxes on corporate income . . . . . . . . . . . 98 141 170 97 135 190 263 287 311
− Net dividends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 177 250 253 291 364 196 445 491
+ Capital consumption allowance 1 . . . . . . . . 365 463 629 734 733 745 585 575 585
= U.S. internal funds, book . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388 564 632 721 732 851 1,061 883 820
+ Foreign earnings retained abroad . . . . . . . 45 53 100 93 113 121 −30 147 154
+ Inventory valuation adjustment (IVA) . . . . . −13 −18 −14 −2 −14 −43 −36 −36 −38
= Internal funds + IVA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420 598 718 811 831 928 995 994 936
Gross investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 653 900 782 819 1,000 912 1,216 1,152
Capital expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 618 929 737 750 826 915 1,033 1,036
Fixed investment 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422 577 882 734 748 788 890 985 1,045
Inventory change + IVA . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 40 55 14 13 48 36 45 2
Nonproduced nonfinancial assets . . . . . . . −5 1 −9 −11 −11 −11 −10 2 −11
Net financial investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −59 36 −28 45 69 174 −3 183 116
Net acquisition of financial assets 3 . . . . . . 124 426 1,209 130 83 783 958 375 533
Checkable deposits and currency . . . . . 6 4 15 −41 50 −13 74 −79 −12
Time and savings deposits. . . . . . . . . . −6 3 35 10 71 38 50 −5 −53
Money market fund shares. . . . . . . . . . 9 23 37 34 −37 25 42 65 161
Commercial paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Z) 1 10 5 11 19 16 16 −31
Trade receivables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 78 282 −98 −17 129 278 106 106
Mutual fund shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −1 5 4 1 11 1 7 33 33
Miscellaneous assets 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 320 819 191 −10 555 450 236 332
U.S. direct investment abroad 4 . . . . . 36 90 128 130 123 242 −16 212 191
Insurance receivables . . . . . . . . . . . 13 8 − 17 18 19 21 7 10
Net increase in liabilities 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 391 1,237 85 13 609 961 192 417
Net funds raised in markets . . . . . . . . . 73 182 218 −33 40 41 −120 −188 −209
Net new equity issues . . . . . . . . . . . −63 −58 −118 −42 −42 −127 −363 −614 −837
Credit market instruments 3 . . . . . . . 136 240 337 9 82 167 243 426 627
Commercial paper . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 18 48 −58 −35 17 −8 23 11
Corporate bonds 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 104 157 129 150 74 54 213 314
Bank loans n.e.c 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 75 44 −108 −99 2 −36 55 99
Other loans and advances 3 . . . . . 56 32 64 12 2 17 39 22 98
Finance companies . . . . . . . . . 16 24 55 3 −2 9 25 17 19
Rest of the world . . . . . . . . . . . 50 (Z) −2 10 −1 6 28 (Z) 85
Asset-backed securities’ issuers . 4 6 7 −3 −1 1 −17 2 −10
Mortgages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 8 22 31 61 52 187 107 98
Trade payables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 81 313 20 −55 97 199 73 73
Miscellaneous liabilities 3 . . . . . . . . . . . 82 128 699 86 40 464 877 308 552
Foreign direct investment in U.S. . . . . 59 54 192 28 24 29 43 105 155
1
− Represents or rounds to zero. Z Less than $500 million. Consumption of fixed capital plus capital consumption
2 3
adjustment. Nonresidential fixed investment plus residential fixed investment. Includes other items not shown
4
separately. 1990, corporate bonds include net issues by Netherlands Antillean financial subsidiaries, and U.S. direct
5
investment abroad excludes net inflows from those bond issues. Not elsewhere classified.
Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, ‘‘Federal Reserve Statistical Release, Z.1, Flow of Funds
Accounts of the United States’’; published 6 March 2008; <http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/z1/20080306/>.
Item 1990 1995 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Number of returns (1,000) . . . . . . . . . 3,717 4,474 4,936 5,045 5,136 5,267 5,401 5,558 5,671
Number with net income (1,000) . . . 1,911 2,455 2,812 2,819 2,822 2,801 2,932 3,116 3,324
S Corporation returns 1 (1,000) . . . . 1,575 2,153 2,726 2,860 2,