RM Assignment

Research Methodology
Assignment
Mehul Rastogi
T.Y.BBA-B
Roll No. 54
RESEARCH & METHODOLOGY ASSIGNMENT
Q1.What is Research?
Ans: Research is the systematic process of collecting and analyzing information to
increase our understanding of the phenomenon under study. It is the function of the
researcher to contribute to the understanding of the phenomenon and to communicate
that understand in the broadest sense of the word, the definition of research includes any
gathering of data, information and facts for the advancement of knowledge. The word
"research" is used to describe a number of similar and often overlapping activities
involving a search for information. Research is the study done to answer a question.
Scientists do research when they’re not sure what will work best to help people with an
illness. Other words to describe clinical research are “clinical trial,” “protocol,”
“study,” and “experiment.”
Research can be conducted using surveys, reports, observation,
questionnaires, focus groups, historical accounts, personal diaries and census statistics.
There are two types of research: qualitative research and quantitative research.
1. Qualitative research is inductive, meaning the researcher creates hypotheses and
abstractions from collected data. Most data is collected via words or pictures and mostly
from people. Researchers are interested in how people make sense of their lives and in
the research process itself.
2. Quantitative research is the complete opposite and most often involves numbers and
set data. Quantitative data is efficient but focuses only on the end result, not the process
itself, as qualitative research does. Quantitative data is precise and is often the result of
surveys or questionnaires.
Q2. What is Social Research?

Ans. Social research is the scientific study of society. More
specifically, social research examines a society’s attitudes, assumptions, beliefs, trends,
stratifications and rules. The scope of social research can be small or large, ranging from
the self or a single individual to spanning an entire race or country. Popular topics
of social research include poverty, racism, class issues, sexuality, voting behavior,
gender constructs, policing and criminal behavior.
Social research refers to research conducted by social scientists. Social research
methods may be divided into two broad categories:
1.Quantitative designs approach social phenomena through quantifiable evidence, and
often rely on statistical analysis of many cases (or across intentionally designed
treatments in an experiment) to create valid and reliable general claims.
2.Qualitative designs emphasize understanding of social phenomena through direct
observation, communication with participants, or analysis of texts, and may stress
contextual and subjective accuracy over generality.
Social research determines the relationship between one or more variables. For
example, sex and income level are variables. Social scientists will look for underlying
concepts and cause-and-effect relationships of a social issue. Before even
beginning research, scientists must formulate a research question.
Even though social research is most often conducted by social scientists or
sociologists, it is an interdisciplinary study crossing into subjects like criminology, the
study of crime; politics, the study of power; economics, the study of money and
business; psychology, study of the mind; philosophy, study of beliefs and morals;
and anthropology, the study of culture.
Q3. What is Intervention Research?

Ans. Intervention research includes studies in which researchers arrange (or follow) a
systematic change in conditions to determine the effects on a physical capacity, skill, or
performance important to dancers. Clinical and experimental research are the most
common types of intervention research but other systematic efforts to measure the effects
of an intervention, including intervention-based case studies and qualitative studies, may
be included.
Intervention research is focused on the development of knowledge about
interventions, as being comprised of Intervention Knowledge Development, Intervention
Knowledge Utilization and Intervention Design and Development. Intervention
Knowledge Development employs conventional social research strategies to produce
knowledge from the social and behavioral sciences that can be applied to social practice:
and Intervention Knowledge Utilization employs a variety of procedures, such as meta-
analysis, marketing strategies and demonstrations, to package and disseminate knowledge
about innovative interventions. Intervention Design and Development is the heart of
intervention research because it focuses on the development of new interventions as well
as on the requirements for adapting previously used interventions to changing conditions
such as population demographics, new social problems, reduced resources, etc .It is the
methodology and practice of Intervention Design and Development that provides the
uniqueness of intervention research.
Q4. What is Marketing Research?

Ans. Marketing Research it is the process of systematically gathering, analyzing and
interpreting data pertaining to the company's market, customers and competitors, with the
goal of improving marketing decisions.
. "Marketing research is about researching the whole of a company's marketing
process."
Palmer (2000).
Marketing Research: The identification of informational needs, the collection of

relevant data, the analysis and interpretation of that data, and the reporting of that
information (along with related recommendations) to senior management to improve
decision making related to marketing. The tools and techniques of marketing research
can also be applied to solve a wide range of business problems unrelated to marketing
Linking the customer, consumer and public with the marketer through information
which is used to identify and define marketing opportunities and problems. Market
research generates, refines and evaluates marketing actions, monitors marketing
performance and improves the understanding of marketing. Market research specifies the
information required to address issues, designs the methods for collecting information
and manages and implements data collection, analyzes results and communicates the
findings and their implications.
Market research : Research that gathers and analyzes information about the
moving of good or services from producer to consumer. Decision Analyst executes
marketing research and analytical consulting projects globally, from focus groups and
depth interviews to large quantitative surveys, multivariate analyses, and optimization;
from concept evaluation and product testing to strategic positioning and advertising
research; from statistical analyses to econometric modeling and simulation
Marketing Research vs. Market Research

These terms often are used interchangeably, but technically there is a difference..
Market research deals specifically with the gathering of information about a market’s size
and trends. Marketing Research covers a wider range of activities. While it may involve
market research, marketing research is a more general systematic process that can be
applied to a variety of marketing problems
Q5. What is Action Research?

Ans. Action research can be described as a family of research methodologies which
pursue action (or change) and research (or understanding) at the same time. In most of its
forms it does this by using a cyclic or spiral process which alternates between action and
critical reflection and in the later cycles, continuously refining methods, data and
interpretation in the light of the understanding developed in the earlier cycles.
It is thus an emergent process which takes shape as understanding increases; it is
an iterative process which converges towards a better understanding of what happens. In
most of its forms it is also participative (among other reasons, change is usually easier to
achieve when those affected by the change are involved) and qualitative.
Action research starts with everyday experience and is concerned with the development
of living knowledge, in many ways the process of inquiry is as important as specific
outcomes. Good action research emerges over time in an evolutionary and developmental
process, as individuals develop skills of inquiry and as communities of inquiry develop
within communities of practice. Action research is emancipatory; it leads not just to a
new practical knowledge but to new abilities to create knowledge. In action research
knowledge is a living, evolving process of coming to know rooted in everyday
experience: it is a verb rather than a noun. This means action research cannot be
programmatic and cannot be defined in terms of hard and fast methods, but is, a work of
art.
The diversity of sources that inspire action research are reflected in the arenas in which
action research has taken root, which range from the problems of development in the
majority world to questions of organizational change in the minority world: from
practices which enhance inquiry as a personal practice in everyday life to attempts to
engage whole societies as communities of inquiry; from intensely practical concerns such
as the preservation of local fisheries to our experience of non-ordinary realities. From a
disciplinary perspective action research practices can be found in community
development, organization and business, education, healthcare and medicine, social work,
the human social, psychological and transpersonal sciences.
Self Opinion:
Research is basically collecting and analyzing data for better understanding of the
field of study. Research is conducted to find solution to a problem. For conducting
research data or information is collected from either primary or secondary sources.
Research has become an integral part of everyone’s life. Research may be carried out for
the benefit of human health. Research is conducted in all fields like marketing, social, etc.
Research in all these fields is essential.
Human beings live in society. So study of society where in people live is essential.
For study of society social research is conducted. Social research is essential to
understand human behavior, human’s likes, wants, etc. through social research
development in society is possible.
Intervention research basically includes study to understand change in physical
conditions, capacity, skills, etc. New knowledge, design and development in required
everywhere. Intervention research studies deals with this study.
Marketing Research is a research that is study of company’s or business’s
marketing process. Marketing research is important to understand human wants, likes,
dislikes. A company can achieve success if it has day to day information about the market
and that is possible only through marketing research. Marketing research is a broad
concept which also includes market research. Marketing research links the customer,
consumers, public with the marketer. Marketing Research studies the whole marketing
process of a company which may include the process dispatching the goods from
producer to consumer.
Change is upcoming factor in everyone’s everyday life. This change which is
called action need to be studied and understood. For this purpose action research is being
done.
Thus research is important to find solution or answer to a problem or question
respectively. Research is conducted for the betterment of society, foe a company to grow,
to understand the change, etc.

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Research Methodology

Q2. What is Social Research?

Q3. What is Intervention Research?

Q4. What is Marketing Research?

Marketing Research: The identification of informational needs, the collection of

Marketing Research vs. Market Research

Q5. What is Action Research?

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