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Aldehydes
Aldehydes
Tollen’s iodofom
Fehling’s Sodium nitroprusside
Schiff’s
Acetophenone – ketone
Acetone – ketone
Benzaldehyde – aldehyde
Formaldehyde – aldehyde
Glucose –
Starch –
2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine Test
Fehling’s Test
Fehling's solution (fā'lĭngz), deep-blue, alkaline solution used to test for the
presence of aldehydes (e.g., formaldehyde, HCHO) or other compounds that
contain the aldehyde functional group, -CHO. The substance to be tested is heated
with Fehling's solution; formation of a brick-red precipitate indicates the presence
of the aldehyde group. Simple sugars (e.g., glucose) give a positive test, so the
solution has been used to test for the presence of glucose in urine, a symptom of
diabetes
Iodoform Test
Molisch Test
Molisch's Test (named after Austrian botanist Hans Molisch) is a sensitive chemical test for the presence
of carbohydrates, based on the dehydration of the carbohydrate by sulfuric acid to produce an aldehyde, which
condenses with two molecules of phenol (usually α-naphthol, though other phenols (e.g. resorcinol, thymol) also
Procedure
The test solution is combined with a small amount of Molisch's reagent (α-naphthol dissolved in ethanol) in a test
tube. After mixing, a small amount of concentrated sulfuric acid is slowly added down the sides of the sloping
test-tube, without mixing, to form a bottom layer. A positive reaction is indicated by appearance of a purple ring at
Inference:-
Indicates the presence of Carbohydrates
The presence of that hydrogen atom makes aldehydes very easy to
oxidise. Or, put another way, they are strong reducing agents.
The different between aldehyde and ketone is by having a hydrogen atom attached
to the carbonyl group. This makes the aldehydes very easy to oxidize. Ketones don't
have that hydrogen atom and are resistant to oxidation. They are only oxidized by
powerful oxidizing agents which have the ability to break carbon-carbon bonds.
Both aldehydes and ketones contain the carbonyl group. The
carbonyl group can be confirmed by:
a. 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine Test
b. Sodium bisulfite Test