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sc| |rcduct| on o| t0c po| t t | ca| | n an cxtaordt nary passt on |or
sc| |mortt|tcatt on.
5rangc| y, tt i st0csaiuc sc||cducttvc ||gurc wh| chscrvcsthosc
w0o conlront thc qucstt on o| 0ow thc ph| | osophcr o | thc ccn
tury - onc who spcnt hts |tlc warnt ng ht st| iuc o|t0c horror|or
w0| ch| twas 0cadt ng- cou| d0avc bccOiuc compl | ct touswtththc

O Tl 1 l M CK l 5 C I P Ol | T | C >
iuost cxtrciuc |oriu ol th| s horro Jhc answcr gi vcn t s a| ways
oascd on| ocatt ngthcpo| nt whcrcthoughthas |orgottcnto scta
spacc bctccn | t sc| t and t ts iuct aphyst ca| douo| c - thc pot nt
whcrcthc lt c| ds stt l l coiucrt ghtuptothccty raiuparts. Jhc a| iu
t s to t dcnt |yt hcconccptthat hasnotyctoccndcconstructcd, thc
conccptwhosc survt va| t swhatiuakcs posst b| c such support |or
thcaohorrcnt Apparcnt| ythcrc arca| wayssurp| uswords, words
wht ch, tn occoiu| ng | i tcra| , p| ungc thc th| nkcr nt o thc uncon
ccptua| | zcd aoyss. Jhcrc arc al ways iuorc o|thcsc words to oc
purgcd, and dciuonstrao| y n o wou| doc purgcr cvcrcoiup| ctc| y
|t nt shcsthc j oo.
lcrhapstht sapproach isiuorc attachcd thantt| | kcs t otht nkt o
thc doxt cs L | a ccntury that|t crccy systciuat| zcs | t s iu| strust o|
words wht ch, |t t ss a| d, arcncvcri nnoccnt prcc| sc| y bccausctht s
iu| strust has s o rcgu| ar| y provcd vat n. hcrc | s noth| ng |or i t
thcrcwt | | a| waysbcsurp| uswords, j us t asthcrc arc a| ways|t c| ds
abuttt ng thc raiuparts or a iuoo prcsst ng around thc erc/estd.
Jhc iuany, t n whatcvcr |oriu thcy appcar, w| | | contt nuc to ho d
sway. oiuattcrhowiuanywordsarc takcnaway,onccan ncvcr
st | cncc thccrt csthatstt rup thc crowd cncc, thc soiucwhatho|
| ow pathos o| ph| | osophys sacrt lt ct ng | tsc| | t o cxp| at c i ts st ns,
consuiui ngt t sc| || n a t|aiuc supposcdat oncctoshcd| t ght on and
constt tutc rcparatt on|orthc horrorso| thcccntury. A| | tht s spcc
t acu| ar rcparatt on r ca| | y docs | s | cavc t t to thc practt tt oncrs ol
po| i t| cs to dca| concrctc| y wt th hat rcd. ht s thcn t s thc t as k
cntrustcd to thc k| ngguarantor o| dciuocracy to dc|t nc a coiu
| ng togcthcr so t hatdt spcrsa| is rcduccd w| t hout un| cash| ngthc
kt nd ol unt l| cat| on that t s oascd o n hatc and to dc|t nc | t t n | ts
ncccssary rc| att onsht p t o an ` at | cast Jwo` rcprcscntt ng nc| thcr
thc st iup| c lact ua| t ty ol thc dt vt s t on o| soct a| |orccs, nor thc
roiuancc o| cn| | ghtcnt ngdcoatc, but rathcrthc sttc o| a coiuiuon
cd/hdrs/s o|thc passt ons o|thconcand o|thc iuany, thc pot nto|
iui nt iuuiu const rt ct t on ol what cannot | | vc pcacc| u l y c| t hcr
undcrthc rcgtiuc ol thc onc or undcrthc rcgtiuc o| d| spcrsa| .
bhou| dtht sconstrt ctt on,thisj ost | t ngbctwccn thc|ncandt hc
wo lor thc govcrniucnt o| thc iuany, oc pcrcct vcd as a st iup| c
iuattcro|thcscns| ol cvtcw, |orcvcrdcvotd o|any/O_Os: |rcvcn
worsc, a iuattcr o| empe/r/d - L |thc sortotj t ggcrypokcry wtth
J
Ml lO | OL l Tl C>
wh| chbocratcstaxcsthc rhctortc o|thc ciuu| atorso|orgt as, or
t n thc scnsc | n wht ch wc stt | | spcak ol c| cctora| j t ggcrypokcry
bhou dwc notrathcrt akca dt|tcrcntroutcandrcturntothatt nt
t| a| pot nt, t hat t naugura| iuoiucnt whcn pht | osophy, | n ordcr t o
con urc awaythc dt sordcro| thc ocb/osandthccvt | o| dt v| st on,
| nvcntcd lor t tsc| |and|or thc po| | t| cstocoiuc thcpo| | t| csol thc
cnd o| po| t t| cs Attht s| nt tt a| po| nt, pht | osophy gotthc root cvt |
wrong,ast twcrc,iu| sapprchcndt ngthctruc |tgurc ol thc o,
wh| ch t snot thc dt sordcrcd turu cncco|t hciuany but thc hatc-
drt vcn ra| | y| ngaround thcpasst on o| thc cxc| udt ng|nc. s i tnot
thts t nt tt al iu sj udgciucnt wht ch | s rcvt s| t| ng |b whcn t n p acc ot
thc c| aiuour ot a now obso| ctc d| vi st on wc oncc agat n hcarthc
howl t ng o| thc pack lcrhaps wc nccd to rcconst dcr thc |actua| -
tty oldciuocrat| c dt vt st on, and pondcr thc |actthatthc po| t tt cal
war bctwccn thc partt cs and thc soct a| war octwccn r| ch and
poor, upon whoscpasst ngwchavc bccn congratu| at| ngoursc| vcs,
had, t n thciusc| vcs andt nthc| r con| t ctua| t ntcrrc| att onsht p, ant |
apprcc| atcdpowcrto rciucdy thccvt | at thcroot. t | s asthough
thcwarbctwccn rt chand poorhada| sotnsoiucscnsc pact|t cd a
o| dcrwar. As though thc douo| c d| vt st ono l thcpo| t tt ca| andthc
soct a| d| d a|tcr a| | havc a rcgu|ating |unct| on | n rc| att on to thc
iuorc radt ca| sch| siu provokcd by thatpart| cu| arkt ndo l passt on
or un| ty whosc rcdtscovcry o| archa| c gcsturcsandchar| siuas o|
paci || catt on arc thc coro| | ary ol thc crasurc o| dt vt st ont tsc| l.
mocracya ndc ocracy ro a ooos
oci ai s
lwcarct ot ht nkthroughthcprcscntiucant ngo| thc ` cndo l po|
t tt cs' wc s ha| | havc to rccons| dcr thc rc| a | onsht p post tcd by
rcck t hought bctwccn thc JemOs andthc o.b/os, bctwccn thc
powcrol thc pcop candthc turbu| cnt unt |t catt on ol t ndt vt dua|
turou| cnccs. Nodcrn t dcas ol dciuocracy havc gcncra| | y con
l| riucd t ht s | nt t | a| iuodc| , dt rcct| y or t nd| rcct|y, by | dcnt| |yt ng
dciuocracyct thcrw| ththcsc| |rcgu| att on, t nthc|t na| t nstancc, o|
dt spcrscd |ocuscso|sc andpro|tt, orw| ththcpowcro|thc | aw
wht ch t nstt tutcsco| | cct| vcsovcrci gnty oysuoiu| ttt ngthc partt cu
| ar to thc unt vcrsa ut | | hc ocbo. |roiu thc outsct s thc
I
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1 5 11 1 1| | \'
hand, i t wi | | dcs| gnatc thc di sso| uti on o| c| asscs act ua| | y taki ng
p| acc - wh| chi s to say a| sothc di sso| uti on o| hc worki ngc| ass
by | tsc| l, thc work on | tsc| |whi ch tcars | t away both rom thc
ani m| i tyo| corporatism d|rom thc ani ma| | tyo| thc pack.
at thc samc timc itwi | | |ix thc c| ass which c||ccts thc dcc| ass| |i
cat i oni n its ownsubstanri vi r,thcrcby rcsusci tat| ngthc |antasy
o|a ood di stri buti on O| soc| a| |uncri ons Or, i n othcr words,i n
thc |i na| ana| ysi , i ntrOduci ng a ncw |orm o|thc |antasy O| thc
wc| | -ordcrcd |nc.
Al | thc con|| i cs| n thc ` workt ngc| assmOvcmcnt` havchadat
hcart thc nami ng o| th| s non- c| ass c| ass, o| th| s | nsubstanti a|
substanti a| t. Narxthoughthchadgivcnthi scoradi cti on adc
guatc |ormin thc |igurc o | that party which uni tcd pro| ctar| ans
by di vi di ngthc c| ass whoscpartyi twas. hatthi s || gurc shOu| d
havc tucd out h| st or| ca| | y to bc thc most |carsomc o|cx cm
p arso| thc |ncthatsubj ugatcs,i ndccdthcccmp| armost aptto
substant| at c a| | thc othcrs, bccausc i t cumu| atcd thc powcrs o|
i magi nary i ncorporai on, o| |cuda| strati | cati on ando| thc | s
| at i on o | tcri |i cd | ndi vi dua| s , c an har d| y bc s ai d t o havc
c| t mi natcd thc proo| cm. y |orgctting Narx, howcvcr | ong thc
| i stO|good rcasons lor doi ngsO, wc sOrc| y rtsk si mu| tancous| y
|orgctti ng thc Ot hcr si dc o| t hc cont radi cti on thc movcmcnt
whi chhasnourishcd thc dcocracics o|thc dcc|assiyi ng, dmas-
s | | y| ng pOwcr o| t hc c| as s sr rugg| c. I ndccd n o mat t cr how
vi gOrOus| y dcmocracy has app| i cd i tsc| | r cduci ng thc c| ass
strugg|c tO somcthi ngi ncongruous| n a |rcc, cua| and|ratcrna|
ordcr, adno mattcrhow vi gorous|ythc c|as strugg|c |or | tpat
hassoughttodcnounccdcmocracyasa lordomi nat| On, thc
|actrcmai ns thatcach has |ound i tsc| |bound tO th othcr, bar
tcri ng thc powcrs o| thc |nc, whi ch dcni cs cxc| usi on |or rhc
powcrs o| t hc wo wh| ch cxposcs that cxc| us| on and rcopcns
t hccon|| i ct cach hasshrcd i tscu| turcwith thcothcr, andcach
has donc |arorcto|ormand ci v| | | zcthcothcrthana| | thc ` pcr
mi ss| vcncss a|| thc sc| |scrvicc and a | | thc |rcc tradc in oodi cs
and goodsputtogcthc.o |orgctNarx| s thusto |orgctthis si m
p| c gucsti on bcyond c| ass strugg| c, what wi | | p| ay thc part o|
that di vi si on whi ch scparatcsdcmos |rOm OO ust as purc
progrcssi vi sm purc |ai th i n thc powcrs o| ti mc succccds thc
J +
1 H l l l | '
progrcssivism o| a soci cty advanci ngbo| d| ytowardst hcrca| i za
ti on o| | ts te|s, what succccds lorgottcn Nar xi i s a
bastardi zcd cg| | an| m thc pcacc|u| rca| | at| ono rcason bya
govcrnmcntol thc wiscagai nstthc backdrop o| conscnsua| , con
sumcrist mcdi ocracy |ch| ocracy u| |i | | cdrakcst hc|ormo|that
gvcrnmcnt o | w| sc mcn wh| ch i s a| onc |i t to admi n| stcr thc
unharmoni ous harmony o| prol i |crati ng |ocuscs o | sati s|acti on.
ostdcmocracy i spcrhapsthc prccisc coi nci dcncco| och| ocracy
wi th its supposcd opposi tc, cistcmocra.y. govcmcnt oy thc
mt i ntc| | i gcnt, cmcrgi ngui tc natura| | y|rom thcrcgi mcol thc
cducat| onsystcmc||cctthcprcci sc| yca| cu| atcdadmi ni strat| on
o | thc n|i n| t o|gcat and sma| |ocuscs o | sati s|acti on. s wc
know, howcvcr, thc| i mi tati onL |admi n| stratorso | sati s|acti on is
how hardthcy |i nd it to managc two o r thrcc rc| atcd cmoti ons
wh| charc | csscasi | y guant| || ab| cand i ndcxi b| c |rustration, |car
and hatc. Jhi s is whcrc an add| ti ona| | ntcrvcnti on is ca| | cd |or,
thato thc gOOd ki ng, thc dcmocrati c k| ng, ski | | cd at cxccuti ng
wogcsturcsi nonc - atcxcmp| | |yi ngthc|ncj ust su||i ci cn| yto
paciythcpassi onso|thc packandthcrcby prcscrvc thcdemosas
an abodc o| dua| t ty. hc ki ngcvcr rcady, a| so, t o cry wo| | asa
way o| bri ngi ngthc wo| |to thc door- ot|orcing t hi ngs to thc
bri nk o|thc aoyss so that h| s pcaccmaki ng bccomcscsscntia| .
Arcwc undcra monarchy asksa wou| d-oc provocati vcvoi cc
|Om ti mc to t i mc. Vat ca| | s |orth thc si ngu| ar |igurc o| thc
dcmocrati c ki ng | cadi ng us wi t h cpct| ti vc ar chai c gcst urcs
towards a hound| css postmOdcrn| ty i s actua| | y a ncwcr || gurc,
that O| thc con|| i ct bctwccn dcmocracy and och| ocracy. Vcrc
thcy tO mi sj udgc thc scopc o| thi scon|| i ct Our anagcrs o| thc
cnd o | po| i ti cs wou| d no doubthavct osct o|lin scarcho | othcr
rcturns o| thc archai c. ut thc ucsti on |ac| ng thc po| | ti ci ans
a|s i mp| ngcs on phi | osophy, whosc ori gi na| pos ti on p| accd it
|acc t |acc wi tha dcmocracywh| chconst| tcdabso| utcothcr-
ncss |or it, occausc | t cnshri ncd thc scanda| o| thc |actua| i ty o|
thc ay mak| ngthc |aw. crhapsth car| caturc o| i tsc| |that| s
now a commonp| acco | cn| | ght cncdo i ti cs andscr| ousj ourna|
ism wi | | compc| ph| | osophy morcrcso| utc| y to cxp| orc thcpath
o| anot hcr i dca O||actua| i ty, namc| y thc path o | thcwisdm o |
thc many - a path, mrcovcr, whi ch thc ti rc| css gcni us o|
J
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tacd lrOm | t s c| | , s cpar at cd |rOm t t s t r ut h. J0Osc w0O
cOngrat| atct0cmsc| vcs mt | Oud| y\ cnj Oy| ngt tsbcnclt tswi | |
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thc stubbOrn rca| t tyO|an | ncua| t ty wht ch gtvcs tt thc t c. Vt th
rcgard tOrcprcscntatt vcdcmOcrayand thc thcOrtcswh| chmat n
t a| n | t, thc sOct a| t st tradt tt On hs | On dcnOunccd thc mp| | cd
|t cttOnL |ant dca| cOmmunt ty,a |t cttOn scrvt nmcrc| yas a mas
|Or thc rca| t ty O|sc| |tshncssandc| asscp| Ot tatt On. nd thccO|
apsc O | t hc s Oct a| t s t mOdc| has ccrt at n| y nOt dt s pc| | cd thc
s us p ct On t hat thc cmOcrcy tO wht ch wc t n t hc Vcst pay
hOmagc tsbut a shadOw O| thcrca| tht n. ca dcmOcracywOu| d
prcsuppOsc t0atthc demOs bccOnstt utcdas a subj cctprcscnt tO
t tsc| |acrOss thc whO c sur|acc O| thc sOct a bOdy. Jhc cmpt rt ca|
|| gurcO|dcmOcrattc man sccmsIO cOntradt ctthc |u| | t dcaOl thc
dcmOcrat| c cOm un| ty
Jhts v| s| On t s cxpcsscd, |Or cxamp| c, t n \. . Nacp0crsOn`s
bOOk 1he lijc dnJ |tmes O[ ]/erd/ leiucrdc), whcrc | | bcra|
dcmOcracy acars as tc sOmcwhat nnatura| cOnj u ncttOn O|
dcmOcracy s cOmmna| csscncc an thc t nd| vt dua| rcckOn| ng O|
prO| ts and cOst t n t0c | | bcra| t | cs thc | ntcrcstadj usttng
| nv| st b| c 0andIl|ttOthcms vcs dcmOcracy | ndt vt dua| i sm
wOu dgOt nOppOsttc dtrcct| Ons. And tn hccurrcnatmOsp0crc O|
dt st | | ust Onmcnt wc wO| d scc JJ havc hc chOt cc bcwccn On| y
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two post | on ct thcrlO rccO| | | vt zcthct dca o| dcmocracy, w0| |
acccptt ng | | cra| dcmocracy as an | rrcvcr b| c |act w0cncc thc
scach or n t nj cctt onO|morc sou| , as cpt | dby hctdca ol
pat ct patt on orc|sc to |rank| yacccptt hat whatwcca| | dcmoc-
racyt snotht ngbut| t bcra| t sm, thata| | thcdrcamso|happypo| t tt cs
havcncvcr bccnanytht ngbut drcams, thc sc||dccc|t o|a soct cy
o|btgandsma| | cap| ta| t stswhoarc tt na||ycomp| t ct tt nthc advcnt
o|thcrc| gnolthc posscsst vc t ndt vt dua| .
I wondcr whcthcr thcsc dt | cmmas d o nott mp| y ccrta| n a| sc
assumptt onsaboutthc naturc o|dcmocracy. Atthc hcarto|thcsc
|a| scassumptt ons t s a strangc nor t onabout thc ort gt na| dcmoc
racy, about anc| cnt dcmocracy tt t s as thogh tht s had bccn a
systcm |oundcd on thc contt nuous prcscncc o| thc pcop| c as
subj cct s, and as thoug0 tht s systcm had bccn contcst cd and
rut ncd |rom wt th| nbythc comt ngo|cap| ta| | stt ndt vt dua| t smand
ythccmcrgcncc o|a sub cctmadcdoct | c, cvcn tn | tspro|ctart an
|orm, by that | ndt vt dua| t sm. ht s vtcw cmbodt cs rcvo|utt onary
and romantt c nosta| g| as |or a bcaut| |u| tota|t ty o| ct tt zcnsht p,
wht c0 scrvc paradox| ca| | y to buttrcss | t bcra| t sm` sconvt ctt on o|
havt ngon| y t tnvcntcd thc t ndt vt dua| , and t t ol|crsant magco|
rcck dc ocracy wh| ch | gnorcs thc vcry lcaturcs wh| c0 t ha
dcmocracy ascrt bcdto| tsc| .
1 . hc c gno|thcany
ctus rcca| or a momcnt a |oundt ngtcxto|dcmocracy' src| cc
t t onson | tsc| | thc |uncra| oratt on dc| t vcrc by Icr| c| cs t n oOk
I I o|hucyd dcs' Ht:|oj O[ ||c c/OOnnc:tun d hsspccch
mmcdt at c| yproposcsa conccpto|lrccdomwht chtrcatsttasthc
un| t yo|wo t dcas. a partt cu| artda o|thcpt anda partt
| ar t dcao|thc pt I n thcwordshatJhucydt dcsputs tn ht s
mouth, Icrt c| cssayssomctht ng| t kc ht s t npub| t cwc conductthc
a||at rs o| thc ct t y as |or thc prt vatc, as |or t 0c at rs ol thc
t nd| vt dua| , wc| cavcthosc to bc hand| cdas cach pcrsont h| nkslt t
hc conccpt o| |rccdom unt |t cs thc pr vatc and thc puo t c,
t0cn, but | t unt || cs thcm t n thct r vcry scparatcncss sscntt a| | y,
Icrt c| cssaysthat orpo| t tt ca| rcgt mct snot onco| mobt | t zatt on.
c donot pcparc|orwara|tcrthc lasht onohc partans. |ur
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m| | i t aryprcpaati onrcscmb csour|tc ttsc||,a |tc wt t0outcon
strat sandw| t0outsccrcts. hc cmocratt cpo| t tt ca| subj cct 0as
a hrd doma n tn t0c vcry scparatcncss o|a way o|| t |c char
actcr| zcd two grcat |caturcs thc abscncc o|constrat ntsa nd
thc abscncc o| suspt ct on. buspt c| on t nhucydt dcs` rcc, t s
ca| | cdbjO:to. | ookt ng undcrncath. Vhat charactcrt zcsdcmoc
racy |orhucydt dcs t s thc rcj cctt ono|tht s | ookt ngundcncath-
somcht ng w0t cht0csoct a| thcor| sts o|thcmodcrn agcc| cvat c,
oy contrast, to thc rank o| a thcorctt ca| v| rtuc, an approprt atc
mcansol apprchcndt ng bcncath thcappcaranccotcommona| t y,
a truth wht ch bc| t cst t.
ot ht ng, o| cour s c, c ompc | s u s to r akc Icrt c| cs , or
hucydt dcs,at h| sword,totdcntt|y Athcnt andcmocracywt t ht ts
dt scoursc on t tsc| | | n t h| s or that partt cu| ar ct rcustancc.
L`lntcnltOn J`A||cncs, | O| coraux rcmt nds usthatth| sspccch
o| Icrt c| cs was t ndccd a spccch t ntcndcd to mobt | | c nd wc
know, |or cxamp| c that Athcnt an practt ccs o|dcnunct att on, or
hc usc o| dntOsts, t nvo| vcdkccpt nga |atr|y c| osccyc on onc`s
nct ghbours actt ons, nor to mcntt on a c|oscchcckonthctr prop
crty. btt | | , thcrc | sat | castonc | dcahcrcwht ch| ssoconst stcntthat
advcrsart csanddcvotccs o|dcmocracy a| | kccan subscrt bc to tt.
thc | dca t0at |rom thc outsct dcmocracy connccts a partt cu| ar
pract| cc o|po| | tt ca| comunt tywt tha sty| c o||t|ccharaccrt zcd
bythc sporadt c. hc mano|t hcdcmocratt c ct tyt s not a pca
ncntso| dt cro|dcmocracy. l tt stht ssporadt ccharactcr wht chonc
vcrsary o l dcmocracy, I| at o, mockcd t n ook o| thc
Rej||ic, dcscrt ot ng cgua| | ty as concct vcd by thc dcmocratt c
manas thc | ncapact tyOprt or| tt zc, COc0ooscbctwccnt0cncccs-
sary a n d t0c s upcr| | uous , thc c gua| and thc unc qua| . hc
dcmocratt c man, |or I| a, wantscqua| t tytn cvcrytht ng, cvcn tn
thc uncgua| notrccogn| ngthc dt||crcncc bctwccn thcncccssary
and thc supcr|| uos, hc const dcrscvcrytht ng, t nc| udt ng dcmoc
racy on t0c bast so|dcst rc changc or |asht on. nonc day, I| ato
t c| s us, 0c w| | | | ntot catc ht msc| |wt th0c sndOl0| s utc, thcn
onthc ncxt 0c w| | | |ast, onc day hc w| | | takc cxcrc| sc, thc ncxthc
wt | | |tc around c day hc wt | | cngagc tn po|t ti cs, thc ncxt t n
pht | osophy |ora tt mc hc w| | | pursucrhcarts o|war, thcn |orsakc
war |or bust ncssandso |orth.
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| ntC sCC| J sC| CnCC JnO DtC thC lCrms C| sCC| J Cr| t| QuCJnO jCl | l-
| CJl jCrCCjl| Cn lhJl hJVC hCCD J||CClCC hj | t . Cr | l VJs | DCCCC
h| s|CJlhJlgJVC sCC|J sC|CnCC |lsCrt| nJChJrJClCrJsJ sC| CnCC
C| susj| C| CD Vh|Ch CCnCC| VCs lhC hClCrCgCDC| tj C | CCmCCrJl| C
|Crms lC hC | nhCrCnllj | DJCCQuJlC JnC CCks ujCn lhC sjJCC C|
CCmCCrJl| C sjCCCh JnC rCprCsCnlJl| Cn Js J lJVCslj C| J lruth
VD| Ch sCmC VCu C sCCk CO h| CC JDC ClhCrs sCCk tC h| CC rCm
thCmsCVCs.
JhCjrJCl| CC C|CCmCCJCj hJs lhus|CunO | lsC |CCggCC Oj JD
Jll| luCC C| sus| C| CD C| |ooli underneatb, Vh| Ch rCJlCs J
CCmCrJl | C slJlCmCnls lC J CCnCCJ CC lrulh C | nCQuJ | lj,
Cxj C| tJl! Cn Cr sj | ll| Dg. JVC lhCmCs hJVC hCCn CCmh| nCC lhJl
C| |CrmJ CCmCCrJCj Js CjjCsCC lC rCJ CCCCrJCj, JnO t hJt C|
lhC | us| CnjCCu | Jr lC lhC sjCnlJDCCus CCnsC| CusDCss C| sCC| J
JClCrs- JDC mCs| spCC| |CJjlhC sjCnlJnCCusCCnsC| CusDCssC|
lhC Cxj!C| tCC, VhCJrC sCjJrJlCC |rCm lhC mCJn| ng C| lhC| r CVD
prJCt| CC hCnCC J C| sCCursC V|th lVCmJ| n |CJturCs J CCgmJ-
l| sm hJsCC Cn lhC| CCJ CJ h| CCCD lrulh JnO J sCCjl| C| sm hJsCC
CD lhC | CCJ hJ m! sJjjrChCDs| Cn | s | nCV| lJh C. Jh| slhCCrC | CJ
JpjJrJt us hJs CCmCnstrJlCO thC lCrm| OJO C jCVCr lC srV| VC
lhC CCl JjsC C | l s jC | t | CJl mCCC s. tCC| sCj VhCrC lhC grCJl
mCCCls C | jC | l| CJ DCjC JrC | D ru| ns, Jl J |mC VhCD CnC DC
CDgCrCJrCsjrCjCsCJDj r| VJ lC OCmCCrJCjJsl hCgCCC|Crm C|
CClCCl| VC | |C, CCgmJl| sm hJs C||CCl|VCj C | VCC | tsCl | | n hC
gu| sC C sCCpt| C| sm. JhC | nCClCrm| nJlC r| luJ C|OCmjsl| || CJl| Cn
CCnl| nuCsO |mjCsCJ VJj C | l D| nk| Dg JDC jrJCl| s| ng CCmCC-
rJCj Cn lhC hJs| s C| s sj! C| CD, Js | | l J VJjs hJC tC hCmJCC lC
CCn|Css l hJt | l | s DCt VhJl | l CJ| s lC hC, JnC lhJl thCsC VhC
prJCt| sC |l JrC jCrjCluJjCC uCCCJhCul VhJl thCj JrC OC| Dg.
h| s V| CVC|lh| ngshJs CDCCC j sCChsCut| Dgl hCVCrjmC
| ng CllhC sCC|Jl st CxjCr| CnCC JnC | n jJrl| CuJr lhC |CJn| ng C|
lhC VCrk| ng CJss sCC| J| sl CxjCr| CnCC, l hJt lh| s CxjCr| CDCC |s
44
H lS C I C
nCV m| slJkCD |Cr Jn JCh| CVCmCnl ClCCmCCrJCj. Jh| s | s VhJl |
shCuC | kC CCmCnslrJlC hj CxJm| n| ng sCmC JsjCClsC| VhJl
shJ CJ hC tad-to:rati.a- rJlhCr Js nJh PrCDCl sjCJks
C| lhC vt|a o:|!a. I shJ CJ! V| lh l tVCsuChJspCCls |n VhJl
|CCV thC itseojuordsJnC lhC itse ojjorms
Z JhC s C| CtCsJC lhC jCg| sm C| mJnC| jJl| C
| sl Cl usCCns| CCrlhC h|slCrj CCnC jJ | CuJ | CCJ JnC jrJC-
l| CC | n n| nClCCDth CCnlurj rJnCC - lhC | CCJ JnC jrJCl| CC C |
VCrkCrs CmJDC| jJl| CD. Ps J JllCr C | lJCt lh| s | CCJ CstJh | shCC
| lsC!| hj V| rlC C| J VhC C sjslCm C O| sCCursCs JDC jrJCl| CCs
Vh| Ch CCmj ClCj rC CClCC Jn j nCl| Cn C| h| CCCD lrth JnC | ls
CCmjsl| || CJl| CD bCCD |n th| s |ghl, lhC CxjCr| CDCC C| VCrk| ng
CJss | l | lJnCj lJkCs Cn Jn JsjCClQu| tC O| llCCDllrCm lhCCnCVC
JrJCCuslCmCO !C: |l hCCCCsJ sCrl C | lCsl| Dg Cl CQuJ | lj bCC| Jl
sC| CDCC hJsCCCursCJ VJjsCCDCCrDCC| lsC |CssCnl|Jj V| lhCnC
lh| Dg, jrCV| ng lhC Cx| slCnCC C| | nCQuJl | lj. PnC | nCCCC | D lh| s
C CCJVCur | l hJs hCCn h| ghj suCCCss|u. Dul thC |JCl thJl lhC
sC| CDCC C | sCC| J Cr| l| C| sm |s jCrjCluJj rCC| sCCVCr| Dg | DCuJ | lj
|s |C mj m| nCjtCC| sCj VDJlmJkCs| lVCrlh Jk| ngJDClDCt CCk
Jl thC jrJCl| CCs Vh| Ch sCt Cul lC CC [ usl lhC CjjCs| lC. C mJj
VC D CO |n th| s VJj tC Js k VhC |s lhC mCrC nJ|VC, lhCsC VhC
CCmCnslrJlC lhC Cx| slCnCC C| | nCQuJ | lj Cr lhCsC VhC CCmCn-
slrJlC thC Cx| slCnCCC|CQuJ | lj - JnC | DCCCCVhClhCr lhC | CCJC|
nJ|VCtj | lsC| hJs JDj jCrl| nCnCC hCrC.
JhC J|lCrmJth C thC rCVC ut| Cn C | 1 b J | n rJnCC sJV Jn
C| CrCsCCDCCC|VCrk| ngCJss juh| CJl Cns jJmjh ClsJnC DCVs-
jJjCrs J hJs| CJ j Jsk| ng lhC sJmC QuCsl| Cn JrC lhC rCDCD
jCCj C CQuJ s Cr JrC lhCj nCl JhCsC tCxls, Vh| Ch C|lCn gC hJDC
| hJDC V| th slr| kC mCVCmCus C!hCr k| nOs C| mCVCmCnls,
CDC lJkC thC JjjrCx| mJlC |Cm C|J sj Cg| m.
JhC mJ[ Cr jrCm| ss C | th| s sj Cg| sm | s s| j C lhC hJrlCr
rCmu!gJlCO | 1 b JsJjs | D | ts jrCJmhC thJl J rCDCh jCCj C
Jr CQuJ! hCCrC lhC JV, JDC lh| s CuJ | lj CCnst| lutCs lhC sjC
g| sms mJ[ Cr jrCm| ss JhC m| nC jrCm| ss | s CCr| VCC tJ hC |rCm
C| CCtCxjCr| CnCC. CrCxJmp C, | n VCrkCrs |n t hCJ s J -
Cr| ng trJOC VCDt CD slr| k hCCJusC thC JstCr lJ|!Crs rC|usCC lC

M 1 I
rcspOnd tOt0ct rdcmandsrc| att ngtO ratcs O|pay, wOrkt nghOurs
and wOrkt ng cOnd| t| Ons. Mcrc, thcn, thc mt nOr prcmt ss wO0| d
L sOmctht ng | | kctht s. nOwNOnst c0r5chwartz,thc0cad Olthc
matcr tat | Ors` assOct att On, rc|uscs tO |tstcn tOOurcasc Vhatwc
rc puttt ng tO ht mtsa casc |Or rcvt scd ratcs O | pay. c can vcr
t|y tht scasc buthc rc|0scs tO dO sO. c I thcrc|Oc nOttrcat ng
us as c gua| s . Ad hc ts thcrc|Orc cOnt radt ct t ng t 0c cgua| t t y
| nscr| ocdt n thc hartcr.
Mcrc ts anOthcr lOm O| thc sy| | Og| s thc samc NOns| cur
5chwartz mccts wtth ht s cO| | cagucs and rcachcs an agrccmcnt
wt th thcm tO rcst s t hc wOrkcrs` dcmads. O hc Organt cs a
Osscs |cdcratt On. Ow, t hc| aws aysthatmastcrs` |cdcratt Ons
arc tO bc cOndcmncd by thc s amctOkcn as t0Osc O | thc wOrk
crs t On| y thc wOrkcrs arc prOscc0tcd Mcrc tOO cga| t t y ts
cOntradt ctcd.
AnOthcr cOncmpOrary cxamp| c. thc |aw says t0at rcnch
pcOp c arc c gua| , yct NOnst cur crst | , ub| t c IrOsccutOr tO thc
t ng, hasj ust sa d, | n ht s | ndt ct mcntagatnst a wn crt cr.
lVer ythH_ Vhi Ch lhc |0V 3sdoHc a_3. stprc5s l ccnCc and 3_3
Wl | tt ca | assocat. onsVCul d | t . sVcrc da | l y c g .vcH
a t rCl th.pos. . n y CL1pasCH .tha nICrc cl cva|cd |
een n soCcty_ y reted rnt teycs
cc,attthC h3Vc 3 httc Dj C} thc a |h| ngs.
Mcrc thcn t sa ncw m| nOrpcmt ssO | thcsy| | Og| sm. a rcprcscnta
tt vc Olthc | aw whO hasj ust s a| dthat wOrkcrs arc nOt| t kc Othcr
mcn.
hcsy| | Og| sm | s st mp| c. thc maj Or prcmtss cOnt at nswha t0c
| aw has tO say thc mt nO, what t s satd Or dOnc c| scwhcrc, any
wOrd Ordccd wht ch cOntradt cts thc |undamcnta| | cga| pO|tt a|
a||t rmatt On O|cg0a|t ty.
u t thcrc arc twO ways Ol cOncct vt ng thc cOnt r adt ct | On
otwccn thc maj Orandmt nOr prcmt sscs. hc |t rst t s thc way tO
wht c0 wc arc acc0sOmcd. lt amOun s tO thc s| mp| c cOnc| ust On
hat t0c | cga| pO| t t t ca| wOr ds arc t | | 0s Ory, t hat thc cgua| t t y
asscrtcd t s mcrc| y a | aadc dcst gncd t mas k t hc rca| t ty O|
| ncgua| t ty.
+
1 5 L 5
h0srcasOnst0c gOOd scnsc O| dcmystt |t catt On. ct th| st s by
nO mcans thc |Ogtc |O| | Owcd byt0csc wOrkcrs 0c cOnc| ust On
thcy drawt s usca' ' y thatct t0cr thc mt nOr prcmt ss Ort0c maj Or
must hc changcd I l Onst cur crst| Or NOnst c0r chwaz t s
rt ghttO say whathcsaysandd O what hc dOcs,thcprcamb| cO |
thc hartcrmust h c dc| ctcd. tshOu| d rcad thc rcnch cOp| carc
nOt cua l, by cOntrast, thc maj Or prcmt ss t s uphc| d, thcn
NOnst c0r lcrst | Or NOns t c ur 5chwartz mus t s pc ak O act
d| ||crcnt| y
hc | ntcrcstt ngt 0t ngaoOut tht sway O|rcasOnt ng ts thatttnO
| OngcrOppOscswOrd O dccdOr|Orm t rca| t ty. I tOppOscswOrd
wOrdanddccd O dccd Jak ng whatts usua| | y tOughtO|as
sOmct0t ngtO bc dt mt sscd, asa grO0nd| cssc| at m, t t trans|Orms tt
tntO |ts OppOst c - tntO t0c grOunds tOr a c| a| m, t ntO a spacc
Opcn tO dt sputc. hc cvOcatt On O|c0a| t ty | st0us nOt |o/tt A
wOrd hasa | | thc pOwcr Ort gt na| | y gt vcn tt J0t s pOwcr ts t n thc
|trstp| accthc pOwcrO crcatca spacc whcrc cgua| | tyc anstatc | ts
Ownc | at m cgua| t ty cxt sssOmcwhcrc t t t sspOkcn O| and wrtt
tcnabOut. It mus thcrc|Orc bc vcrt |t ab| c. crc t s thc bas| s |Or a
practt cc t0at scts t tsc| |thc taskO| vcrt tyt ngtht scgua|t ty.
MOw can Oc vcrtly wOrdssscntt a| | y,thrOughOnc`sactt Ons.
hcsc actt Ons must bc Organt zcd | t kc a prOO|, a syscm O | rca
sOns. I n Or cxamp| c, tht s appr Oac0 cnt at | s a dct cr mt n| ng
trans|Ormat| On tn thc practt cc O| thc str kc. Jhc strt kc akcsOn
thc |Orm O| a | Ogt ca| prOO|. Ircv| Os| y, thc rc|usa| O| wOrk had
bccn ca0ght up tn t0c |Ogtc O| a pOwcrstrugg| c cu| mt natt ng t n
whatj O0rncymcnca| | cd a damnatt On ` . whcnt0cy wcrc d| ssatt s
|tcd w| t0 thccmp| Oycrs O| a tOwn, thcy ` damncd thc tOwn, that
ts tO say thcy |c|t wt th bag and baagc, and sOughttO prcvcnt
anyOnc c| sc |rOm rcp| act ng thcm. gatnsttht s | Ogt c O|Ourt ght
rcj cctt On thc ncw practt cc O| thc str| kc srOc CO trans|Orm an
a| | gnmcntO||Orccs| ntO a | Ogt ca| cOn|rOntat| On. htsdt dnOtst m
p| y mcan suost t t ut t ng wOrds |Or act t Ons rat0cr, tt mcant
trslOrmt n a pOwcr rc| att Ons0t p by mcans O l a practtcc O |
Og| ca| dcmOnsa t On.
Vha t had O bc dcmOnstratcd was, prcct sc y, cgua| t ty. hc
t at | Ors` strt kc dcmands tn 1 J J t nc| udcd a |Orm| att On wht ch
sccms strangc hcy as cd |Or rc| at| Ons O | cgua| t t y wt th t hc
+
C 1 l 5 C R l C l ' C 1 C5
mastcrs. ht s mayappcarna| vcorpccu| | arto us , butthc scnsc o|
thctht ngt s ca thcrc arcworkcrsandt0crc arcmastcrs, out thc
mastcrsarcnotthc mastcrsL |thc| rworkcrs. I not0crwords, two
scts o| rc| at| ons0avc t o bc rcckoncd w| t 0 |nthc onc hand, a
rc| att on o|cconomt c dcpcndcncc cxt stsw0t c0 cngcndcrsa par
t| cu arsoct al rca| | ty- a part| cu| ard| strt butt onolro| cs, as cchocd
t n thc cvcryday rdcr L l work| ng cond| tt ons and pcrsona| rc| a
t | ons 0t ps Jht s socta ` rca| | ty t s a rca| | ty o| t ncqua| tty. |n t0c
ot0cr hand, a | cga| po| t t t ca| rc| at| on cxt sts thc t nscrt ptt on ol
cqua| | ty, as t tappcars| nt0c|oundt ngtcxts, lrom thc cc| aratt on
o| t0ct ghtso|Nantothcprcamb| colt0c0artcr. Jh| ssccond
rc| att on s thc |orcc o cngcndcr a dtt|crcnt soc| a| rca | ty, onc
|oundcd o n cqua| t ty, t n th| s casc what th| s mcans t s makt ng
ncgott att on a customaryth| ng t ta| somcans| mpos | ngpart| cu| ar
ru| cs o| coucsy on t hc mastcrs or cstab| t sht ng thc workcrs`
r| ghtto rcad thc ncwspapcr i nt0c workshop. Jht s.cia|cqua|
tty i s nct thcr a s| mp| c | cga| po| t tt ca| cqua| | t y nor an cconomt c
| c vc | | t ng. t t s a n c qua | t ty cns hr t ncd as a pot cnt i a| | t y t n
| cga| po| t tt ca| tcxts, thcntrans| atcd, d| sp| accdandmaxt m| zcd t n
cvcryday| | | c. or s t t thcwho| co| cua| | t y. t t t s a wayo|| | vt ng
out t hcrc| at | onbctwccncqua| t t yand| ncqua| tty, ol | t vt ngt tand
at thc samc tt mcdt sp| act ng | tt na post tt vcway.
Jh| s | st0c dclt ni ti on o| a strugg| c|orcqua| t tywht chcanncvcr
bc mcrc| y a dcmand upon thc ot0cr, nor a prcssurc put upon
0t m, outa| ways s | mul t ancous | ya proolgt vcnto oncsc| |. J0t st s
what` cmanct patt on` mcans . It mcanscscap| nglroma m| nortty.
ur nobodycscapcs |rom thcsoct a| mt nor| tysavc oy t0ct rown
c||orts. Jhc cmanc| patt onolthcworkcrs| s nota mattcrol mak
t ng| abourthc |oundt ngpr t nc| p| co|t0cncwsoctcty, but rat0cro|
thc workcrs cmcrg| ng |rom thct r mt no| ty status and prvi ng
thatt0cytru| ybc| ongto thcsoctcty, that thcytru| ycommun| catc
wt tha| | t na commonspacc thatthcyarc notmcrc| ycrcaturcsol
nccd, o| comp| at nt and protcst, ou t crcaturcs ol d| s coursc and
rcason, thatthcyarccapab| co| oppost ngrcasonwtth casonand
o| g| v| ngt 0c| r act| ona dcmonstratt vclorm Jhus, thc part | cu| ar
str| kc wc 0avcoccnconst dcr| ngwasconstructcd asa sct olargu
mcnt s thc t a| | ors ` dc monst rat t on ol thc | at r ncs s L | thc pay
t ncrcascs dcmandcd, t hct r commcn ar y on thc tcxts o l t hc| r
+
1 5 l 5 C l l C R Y
advcrsart cs | n ordcr to provc t0ct r t rratt ona| t ty, thc cconomt c
organ| zatt on o| thc strt kc t0roug0 thc crcatt on o|a workshop
managcdbyt0cworkcrsthcmsc| vcs- tht s| cssa s a gcrmo|somc
` workcrs powcr` tocomcthanas an cxtcnst onol thcrcpuo| | can
pr t nc| p| c to a rca| m stt | | lorct gn to t t, namc| y thc workshop.
lcr0aps altcr a | thcrc t s no nccd lor thc workcrs to own thct r
own lactory and r unt tthcmsc| vcs t n ordcr to oc cqua lcrhaps
t t t s cnoug0 |or t 0cm to show, whcn approprt atc, that t0cy can
do so. otto l onda countcrpowcrsusccptt b| c ol govcrnt ng a
luturc soct cty, but st mp| y to c||cct a dcmonstrat| on ol capacity
wh| ch| s a| soa dcmonstratt on ol community. bc|-cmanct patt on
| s not scccsst on, bu sc| |-a||t rmatt onas a j o| nt- sharcr n a com
mon wor| d, w| th thc assumptt on, appcaranccs to thc contrary
notw| tstandt ng, that onccan p| ay thc samc gamc as thc advcr
s ar y. hcncc t hc pro| t | crat t on tn t0c | t t cr at ur c o| workcrs
cmanct patt on - as a| so t n t hat o| womcns cmanct pat t on - ol
argumcntsa| m| ng toprovc thatthosc dcmand| ng cqua| t ty havc
a pcr|cct r| g0t to | t, 0at thcy part| ct patc | n a common wor| d
whcrc thcy can provc thct rcasc and provc thc ncccsst ty lorthc
othcrto rccogn| c tt.
|| coursc, provt ngonc t s corrccthas ncvcrcompc cd othcrs
torccogntzc thcy arcwrong. In ordcrtoupho| donc` scorrcctncss
othcr kt nds o| agumcnts 0avc a| ways bccn nccdcd. Jhc al|| r
matt on o|thc r| ghttobccorrcct t s dcpcdcnt on thcvt o| cncc o|
tts | nscr| ptt on. 0us, thc rcasonab| cargumcntso| thcstrt kcrso|
1 J J wcrcaudi b c, t0ct r dcmonstratt onvt st b| c, on| ybccausc t0c
cvcnt so| rcca| | t ngt 0os co | 15, hadtorn t0cm |rom thc
nct0cr wor| d o| | nart| cu atc sounds and cnsconccd thcm by a
contt ngcnt lorccdcntry t n thc wor| d o| mcant ng and vt st bt | t ty.
Jhc rcpctt t| onol cga| tart anwords t sa rcpctt t| ono|t hat |orccd
cntry, wht ch t s wy thc spacc ol sharcd mcant ng tt opcns upt s
nota spacc o|conscnsus. cmocracy t s thc communt ty o|shar
| ng, | n ooth scnscs ol thc tcrm a mcmocrsh| p i n a st ng| c wor| d
w0t chc a non| y bc cxprcsscd t n advcrsart a| tcrms, anda co| ng
togcthcr wh| chcan on| y occur t nconl| t ct. postu| atc a wor| d
o l sharcdmcant ng t sal ways transgrcsst vc. tassumcsa symbo| t c
vt o| cncc ooth | n rcspcct o| t0c othcr and i n rcspcct L | oncsc| |
Jhc | cg| tt matc s uoj cctwh| chno tcxtt s adcquatc to |oundcxtsts
+
L 5 L L | | L 5
on| yin thc acto | t ht sdoub| ct o| cncc. Irovtngto thc ot0cr that
t0crci son| yoncwor|d and thatonc can provct0c | cg| ti macyo
onc`s acti on wt t0t n it, mcans lirst o| a| | prov| ng t 0t s to ncsc| l.
I | anna0 Arcndt posi ts as t0c prt mary r| g0t t0c rt g0t to 0avc
ri g0ts. Vc m| g0t add t0at rt g0ts arc 0c| d by t0osc w0o can
t mposc a rat| ona| ob| t gati on on t0c ot0c to rccognizc t 0cm.
0at t0c ot0c mr o|tcn 0an not cvadcs suc0 ob| t gatt ons
c0angcst0cprob| cmi nno csscntt a| way.J0osc w0osayongcn
cra| groundst0att0cot0crcannotundcrstandthcm, t0atthcrcis
nocommon | anguagc,| oscany basts |orrghtso|t0ct ron to bc
rccogni zcd ycontrast, thosc w0o actas t0oug0 thc hcrcan
a| ways undcrstandt0ci rargumcntsincrcasct0ci rownstrcngt0-
and not mc c| y at t0c | cvc| o| argumcnt. 0c cxi stcncc o| a
subj cct in | aw i mp| i cst0atthc| cga| wordsarcvcrt |i ab| cwi t0| na
sp0crc o| s0arcd mcani ng. J0| s spacc ts v| rtua| , whi c0 ts nt to
say i | | usory. Jhosc w0o takc t0c vt rtua| or t0c t | | usory dtsarm
t0cmsc| vcsj ust | i kct0oscw0o takc t0ccommun| tyo|s0art nglor
a communi ty o| conscnsus. Jhc ca| | or cgua| t ty ncvcr makcs
i t sc| |0cardwi thu dc|i n ng tsownspacc. J0c narrowpat0o|
cmanc patt on passcs bctwccn an acccptancc o|scparatc wo| ds
and thc t | | ust on o|conscnsus. lt ts t0t s tcnsi on w0i c0 ts car| ca
turcdby ana| yscst0atopposct0c|orma| to t0crca| orby sccond
t0oug0ts w0t c0 cxc0 ngconc posi t| on|ori tsoppost tc. na|yscs
o| t0c day bc|orc wh| c0 contrast rca| | | bcrty andcgua| t ty wtt0
t 0c r |orma| dcc| arati on, and ana| yscs o| t0c day altc wh| c0
contrast t0c good, dccorous rcvo| utt ons o| | t bcrt y wt t 0 t 0c
utopt an and murdcrous rcvo| utt ons ol cgua| t ty, both ovcr|ook
t0c samc t0i ng. cgua| t ty and | tbcrty arc |orccs cngcndcrcd and
augmcntcdbythci rown actua| t att on. ndt 0i si sw0 t 0ci dca
o| cmanct patt on t mp| i cs whcn t t asscrts t0at t0crc i s no suc0
tht ng as i | | usory | | bcrty or i | | usory cgua| | ty, that bt0 arc rca|
|orccsw0osc actua| c||ccts nccd to bc vcrt l| cd.
J0ts a| so t mpl t cs that t0crc ts no group strcngt0 i ndcpcndcnt
o|t 0cstrcngt0wt t0 w0t c0 t ndt vt dua| stcart0cmsc| vcs out olt0c
nct0crwor| do|| narti cu| atcsoundsandasscrtt0cmscl vcsass0ar
crstn a common wor|d. 0us, t0cidca o|cmanc| patton 0asmadc
i tsway|orward t0roug0 mu| ti udc o|t ndt vi dua| cxpcri cnccs. I
0achadoccaston to studyt 0crccordso|onco| t0osccount| css
U
I 5 L5 LL L
si ngu| arcxpcrt cncs, to|a workcrwhocrcatcd |or hi msc| |an
ci rcct0t c, cvcn ancconomy, o| cmanci pati on. a w0o| csystcm
|or mcasurt ng |rccdom, a rt o| cou crpo| i t i ca| cconomy
w0crcby, | ncvcry acto|dat | y| t |c, t tbccamc possi b| ctoasscsst 0c
acu s| t| on, not o|t0c grcatcstamount o|goods, buto|t0c grcat-
cstamount o||rccdom. I nt0i sway, 0c i nvcntcd a sty| col| t vi ng
bascdon0av| ng|cwcr and|cwcrnccdsandconti nua| | ycxc0ang
| ng t0cm |or |rccdom. t wou|d bc i ntcrcstt n to comparc tht s
ascctt c cconomy - a ` ccnobi ti c` cconomy, 0c cacd i t - wt t0
prcscntday t0corics o| t 0c | ndi vi dua| agcnta nd cost ana|yscs
app| i cd to 0c i ndi vi dua uc0 a compart son wou| d s0ow 0ow
t ndt t dua| cmanci pati oncarri cdO tts| ogt ca| cxtrcmcrcconnccts
wtt0 s0arcd conccrns. 0us, onc o| my ` p| cbci an pht l osop0crs
csscnt| a| budgc0cadi ngswas ` s0ocs |or t0c manci patcdan t s
a an w0o wa| s and wa| ks, mov| ng around and convcrs| ng
puttt ngmcant ng|ntoct rcul att onandpromottngthc movcmcnto|
cmanct pati on. |nt0conc 0and, t0c cmanc| pati ono|t0cworkcr
cntat | sa c0angcn hissty|c o|| t vt ng,anacst0cticiationo|ht s| t |c.
|n t0c othcr,t0cpoi ntw0crc man mcctsc| ti zcn, w0crct0ct ndt
vi dua| worktng out 0| sown|i|c byca| cu| ation bccomcsa mcmbcr
o | t0c communtty, t s |ocatcd i n t0c |act t0atman i s|irst o|al l a
crcaturc w0o spcaks. tt is csscntt a| | yas a spcai ng bci ng t0at hc
dt scovcrs 0is cgua| | ty wt t0 a| | ot0cr human bct ngs. lndccd, |t ts
t0anks|O t0crt sts ol| anguagct0at, tn rancc, t0c wordcmanct
att on has takcn on a ncw mcan| ng, transccnd| ng its | cga| scnsc,
andcomc|O connotc a ncw t ndi vt dua| andco| l ccti vc cxpcrt cncc.
At t0c 0cart olt0i s ncw t dca o| cmanct pati on is t0c not| on o|
cgua| i tyo| tnc| |igcnccsast0c common prcrcgutst tco| bot0intc|
| t g bt | i ty and communi ty, as a pcsupposi ti on wh| ch cvcryonc
must strivcto va| i datcon t 0ct rown account.
Jhc dcmocrat c cxpcri cncc s t0 us onc o| a pai cu r acs
t0cttc o| po| i ti cs. Jhc dcmocrat| c man | s a bct ng w0o spcaks,
w0t c0| sa| sotosay apoctt c bc| ng, a bctng cpab| c o|cmbract ng
a d| stancc bctwccn words a nd t0i ngs w0t 0 ts not dccpti on,
not trt ckcry, but 0umant ty, a bcing capab| c ol mbraci ng t 0c
unrca| t ty o| rcprcnati on. pocti c vt rt c, t0cn, and a v| rtuc
groundcdt n trst. J0 s mcansstang|romt0cpot o|vt cwo|
cgua| t ty, asscrtingcu|iy,assumt ngcua| i tyas agi vcn, working
I
5 L l 1 C 3
Cu |rCm CQua | !y lry| ng C sCChCV rCCuCl| vC| l n C nC lhu
ma| m | ng ll Cssl O C l | OC yaDC CQua| !y. Dy CCurasl, anyCnC
VhC lrl Cul |rCm C| slrusl, VhC assumCs | nCQua | ly nC rC-
CsCs lC rCCuCC l , Can CD y suCCCCC |n sCll|ng u a h| CrJrChy C |
| DCQua | l| Cs, a h CratChyC|r|Cr|l|Cs,a h| CrarChy C | DlC| |gCnCCs-
aDC V| rCrCCuCC| DCQua | tyaC | n D| lum.
J . JhC sC C | Crms
JhC samC sCl C|| nlCrrCtal| CDs anC, C | CvC, C | lhC| rC||CCts-
| s rCvCa CC VhCD VC lurn Cur allCDl| Cu tC lhat ClhCr CssCDt | a
asCCCCCmCCral| C | |C !hC Vay | n Vh| Ch|Crms arC usCC. Jh| s
may C C Car y sCCD l | VC Cxam| DC CuC C!lhC CarC| na |Crms C|
mCC| al| Cn ClVCCD | nC| v| Cual s aDClhC C | l| Ca syslCm | u mCC-
CrD sCC| Cll Cs lhC |Crm C| l hC sChCC. JhC sChCC | s a r| v| CgCC
s| lC|Cr vC| C| ng susQ| C| Cn CCuCCrn| nglhCnCn!rulhC|CCmCCrCy
anC Cr| ll Cl | Dg lhC ga OClVCCu lhC |Crm C| CCmCCraCy aDC |ls
rCa | ly. \r| | Ca t h| Dk| ng aCu! CCmCCrall C CCuCal| Cn has h|gh-
|ghlCC CnC as| C lhCmC, lhalC||a| urC lhC |a| l urCa| sChCCl Cl a
l argC ma[ Crl y C| Ch| CrCn |rCm VCrk| ugC ass aCkgrCunCs has
CCn lakCn as Cv| CCnCC C|lhC |a| urCof sChCC lC |u || | ls lask-
l hCaCh| CCmCnlC| sCC|a CQua | ly
hC CCmCCal| C sChCC | s lhus rCgarCCC as a aCC hCC
rCm| sC | s CCnl| nua y C| ng rCkCn, anC hCtC CDCC aga| n VC
CDCCuDtCr lhC CCu CarrC | CC arCaCh C| sCC| a Cr| l| C| sm. lhC
|| rsl largCt |s |a| | u C Cr h| Ch var Cus tCmCC| Cs CCagCg| Ca ,
syChCCg| Ca CrsCC| CCg| Ca , arCQrCCsCC OulnCsCCDCr| s!h| s
largCl h| l lhan a sCCCnC | s rCvCa CC, lCr lC rCvC |a| urC |s al sC,
anC mCl C|a l , lCrCvClhat CCmCCraCy| s y| DglC | t sC |, lhal| t
| s| l l aCalCC lC lhCCQa l ly Vh| Ch | l rCCl a| ms, lhal, Cn lhC sy
|l|s QCr|CCl yaCalCC O lhC| nCQua | ly Vhl Ch | tC ss| lCsanC
|DCCCC lha! l uCQual | ly | s|ls lruC|unCamCulal r| nC| Ql C JhC VCrk
C| CurC| C auC assCrCD CCmQ | || Cs lh| s Cg| C | | Vhl Ch hC
sCC| CCg|sl auClhC sCCl a Cr| l| C V| CvCry rCuuC y shV| Dgth
CCmCCraCy CsCsCvCry rCuuC. ha! lhCy sCl CultC shCV | s QrC-
C| sC y !hal || lhC sChCCl has nCl |u || l | CC |!s Cgal | larl aD rC| | | Cs
!h| s |s uCl |Cr VaD! C| mCaDs Oul Oy v|rlC C | | ls vCry mCCC C|
C| Dg anCC| thC symC | C Cg| C Vh| Ch | s|!s |CunCal| Cn. hCCk
5
I l L L
suCh as 1he lnhcrt/Ors sCls | u mCl| Cn |n CxCm ary |ash| CnVhal
sha Ca lhC sy Cg| sm C| s s| C| CD. Jh| s sy Cg| sm CCCs nCl
mCrC y CCsC a ma[ Cr rCm| ss lhCsChCC as CQua |Cr a | tC a
m| nCrCnClhC |a| urCC | VCrk| ngC| assCh| CrCn | nCrCCrlC rC-
CuCC aD | nC| ClmCnl. s | nlCDCCC lC shCV |urlhCt lhal sChCC
CrCalCs | nCQua | ly rCC|sC yCCausC l rCmCtCs C | C| |n CQua| | ly
| n hav| Dg lhC Ch| CrCD C|lhC CCt C | CvClhal a VhC arC lhCrC
arCQua , lhal u| sar CmarkCC, C ass| || CC anCsC CClCC Cn y CD
thC Oas| s C|l hCla Cnls aDC DtC | gCnCCCaCh has | lCCmC s lhC
Ch| CrCn C|lhC CCr lC aCknCV CCgC lhal | | lhCy C C DCl suCCCCC
| l | s CCausC ! hCy havC uC la Cn!s anC arC nCl l Dt C |gCnt, anC | l
VCu C lhCrC|CrC C C!lCr l l l hCy VCDl sCmCVhCrC C sC. JhC
sChCCl thus OC CCmCs ! hClhCatrCC| a |uCamCul a symOCl l C v| C-
CnCC Vh| Ch l s DC!h| ng OullhC vCry | usl Cn C!CQua | ly D CrCCr
lC CCDv| nCCthal suCCCss|s | nkCC Cny OlhC !a Cnls C|lhC u| ,
lhC sChCC r| v| CgCs CvCrylh| ng Vhl Ch gCCs CyCnC lhC s| m C
lraus|CrC|knCVCCgC, CvCrylh| Dg Vh| Ch | ssuQCsCClC Ca uCn
lhC QCrsCna| tyanCCr|g| na | ty C|lhC ul l . n CC| ug lh| s | lsCCCls
a mCCC C| C|ng Vh| Ch |s |n rCa | ly a lyl C C| | |C, a |Crm C|
aCCu lual| Cn Vh| Ch | s DCt Carnl al sChCC - lhat C| thC | DhCr|
lCrs . ! lhus rCvCa s| lsC |as|a sCl |lsrCm| sC anC |a| lh|u lC | ls
h| CCCn CssCDCC lhC rCCkschO/e, Vh|ChgJvC sChCC |lsDamCaDC
VhCsC | D| l| a mCan| ng s lhCCCnC| l| Cn C| CrsCns C C surC VhC
assuCharCCQua anCa C Cn aCCCuDC | thC| rsCC a| t | v| CgCtC
CCvClClhCmsC vCs, shCu C lhCysCCCs| rC lC stuCy
Jhus,lhC |Crm C|l hCsChCC CCsCr| Csa Cr|CClC| rC C. thCCCn
vCrs| Cn C| sCC| CCCnCm| C Ca| l a | DlC Cu l ura Ca| l a , anC,
lhankslC lhC raCl| Ca C| ssl mu al| Cn C| lh|s CCDvCrs| Cn, Vh| Ch |s
as | nvl s| Cas | lls C|!CCl| vC, a sCaral| Cn C| lhCsC VhC havC|rCm
lhCsC VhC CC DCl havClhC mCans lC C||CCl | l. CrC OrCaCy, !hC
CCmCCrall C lCrm nCur| shCs OClh lhC | us| Cn Cl ua | t y aDC !hC
m| saQrChCns| Cu C|a asl C| nCQual | ly- lhC | uCQua | ly ClVCCD!hC
l C| surC C|!hCecanClhC rCal m CDCCCsslly, OC!VCCulhCsC VhC
Cn anC lhCsC VhC CannCl a|CrC !hC l uury C| thC symC | C.
CmCCraCy |s a auCu Cnl rCg| mC Vh|C QrCsumCs tha! uxu y l s
a Css| O| l | ly |Cr lhC Cr. Jh| s |s hC u l| ma!C Cg|C C| lhC argu
mCntC| ss|C|Cu, Vh| Ch makCsCCmCCral|C a maDausCC y
lhC |Crms VhCCOy C| v| s| CD | s alCnCC CrClualCC aDC C| sgu| sCC.
J
L M o LH t o M O
ruC lh| sn|h| | sl| C |nlCrjrClal|Cn ClhC argumCulCsusj| C| CD
| CCuulC|CO y a jC| l| vC jC | l| Ca | DlCrj|Cla!| Cn aCO ! lhC
rCCuCl CD C| | nCQua | l| Cs . D| aCCCu |s jrCCrCC y |CCrm|s!
jCCagCguCs a C jC | l| C| ans VhC CssCDl| a y rC!a| u !hrCC | CCas
|Cm BCurO| u anC assCrCn Ct| l| QuC lhC nCCCss| ly lC mkC
Cxj | C| l hC ClCrs | mj | C| l | u | nCua| | l y, !C lugg C aga| ns! hC
Crma| | m ClDC CCm| uaul C lurCaDC C lakC | ulC aCCCuD! lhC
VC| ghl C| lhC CC| a , C lhC bJbt/us aDC mCCC C CC| a | 2al| CD
CharaClCr|sl|C ClhC C| aOvanagCOC| ssCs. JhCCulCCmC CllhCsC
jC| C| C, |D ranCC al | Cal, | s DCV arC y CCnlCslCC ujjCCC
CCtl lC makC | nCQua | ly Cj | C| l havC r| g| C| | CC | l. Cr CDC
lh| ng, lhC mak| ugCxj | C| l C CC| CCu| lura C| lCrCnCC has lCuCCO
lC lurn lhal C| CrCnCC | nlC CCsl Dy anC lhC | Dsl| lul| Cn C lhC
sChCC |nlC an | nl| lul| Cn C a| slaDCC, V| lh a lDal !alCul a|
| D!Crm C |CCr| Cnlal| CnsanCCCass| | Cal| CDsC|v| ugl CChannC
lhC Ch| C|CD C| | mm| gtaDls aVay |Cm any jCs| C | k C a|-
u|C. CaDVhl C, l hC Dun l Cr `| mj|C| l Cr|lCr| a ha l ny
aggravalCC lhC | mjaCl C lhC mCsl Cj| | C| l as V| lDC l hC maO
|aCC Vh| Ch Cg| n al nu|Cry ChCC CvC anC | Qu| Ck y | DC|-
na | 2CC y lDC Ch| CrCn Cr a gCCC jr| mary ChCC Vh| Ch V|
CaC lC a gCCC [ un Cr sChCC , l Dus jav| ng lDC Vay lC a gCCC
C ass |D a gCCC |]'ctc CCalCC |n a gCCC CC| CCu !ura CDv| rCumCnl
Ca CCC arCa Cl lhCCaj| la| anC sC Crlh.
hu, lhC n| h| | s!| C v| | CD CsChCC as a Cr C|CjtCCuCl| Cn
C | nCQua | ly anC !hC jrCg|Cs|vC | s| CD C sChCC as a1 | uslru-
mCnl Cr rCOuC| Dg | DCua| | l| CCCuCu| | n lhC| rCCCl as !hCyC C
| D lhC| t jr| nC| j Cs h sla|l | h | nCQua | ly aDC CDC u j V| lh
| nCQua | ly. u ak| ng Cr a1 CCuCal| Cn aCajlCO lC VCrk| ngC a
nCCCs CrCCnCuDC| DgaD CCuCal| Cu lhal rCjrCCuCCs !hC CCm| Da
l | Cn C| l hC VCrkCrs lhCy rCassCrl a mCC | lh| C j Cumjl | Cn
CuCalDCCylDC CCunlCrrCvC u!| CnaryCr| !| QuCC CCmCCraCy! C
|ls sCC| a | s| Cmysl|| Ct lhC |CCa lhal C| sDa|mCny DClVCCn hC
CCnl| lul| vC C|ms C a sCC| CjC| l| Ca rCgl mC | gn| | C aD | | C a
unCamCn!a | | C . Cllh| | sjrCC C ylhCC| sl| Dgu| sh| ngCalurC C
mCCCrn CCmCC|aCy. lhC hClCtCgCnC| |y C| | l Ctms, anC hC|C
sjCC|!Ca | ylhC DCDCCDvCrgCnCCClhC Cg|C C ChCC| | ug V| lh lhC
Cg|C Cj|CCuCl| CD.
nCnCsCDC| l| sCCrla| D ylruC lha!CCmCCral|C CCuCal|Cn | slhC

t O O
jarCC| Ca| hC| r C lhC a| slCCral|C cO/c, Cr| ! CQua| | C Cs Oy
v| l uC Cl hC un| vCrsa | ly C| lhC knCV CCgC | | | mjarl, Cr Dy
v|rluC C sCC|a| CvC| | | ng, lhaDy v| r!uCC| | lvCry lCrm Vh| Ch|
lha! C a Cjara!| Cu |Cm j|CCuCl| vC |C. |Cm aDC| Cnl h| Crar-
Ch| Ca sCC|Cl| Cs CCmCCraCy CrrCVs lh| |Crm, Vh| Ch Cja|alC
| D C CClua| C| surCa D O jrCCuCl| vC uCCC| !y. uCulClh| sCnCC
nalura sCjaral Cn | lCrCalC a CCnl|aC| Cl| CD | n mCl| CD |n VD| Ch
a var| Cly CCga | la|| anjC| | C| CsarC CvCr a| C, CDCCunlCr| Dg | D rC-
QuCD! y uDjrCO| Cla| C gu| Cs lhC C| vCrC | CCC Cg| Ca aDC sCC| a|
| njul C lhC uC| l hal | lC say am| | C . JhC am| gu| |y C|hC
sCDCCs C|m CjCns | luj lCa mu l| j | C| ly C ChC| CCsaDC mCan-
| ugs Cr sCmC |l | slhCrC | 2al| CnC CQua C| l| 2CDsh| j, Cr ClDCr
a mCaDs lC sCC| a| mC| | ly, anC CryCl ClhCrs a | gh|, | DCCjCn
CCnl l | ls aC! ua| usC, C |l s CCCsu| Cr ClDCrV| sC - a r|ghl
VD| ChCCmCCraCy CVCs | !sC aDClC !hCV| shCC| |! mCmCrs,
hCVCvC| | nCClCrm| nalC lhCsC may C. Cl C lhC l|mC a C
lhCsC mCan| Dg m| ng C mak| ug CCuCa! | Cn nC|lhCr lhC mak C
| DCua | ly nC| lDC | nslrumCnl C | nCQua |lys |CCuCl| CD, ul lhC
|lC C a jCrmaDCul uCgC!| al| Cn C CQua | ly C!VCCu !hC CCmCC-
l| C slalC aDClhC CCmCCral|C | nC| v| Cua . a maD| lC C DCgCl| al| Cn
Vh| CD, lC uDCua anC ClCn CCDlraC| ClCry CjCC|al| CD, CCr
ga| ns auC | CssCs Vh| Ch ar | D| n| lC y mr CCmj Cx lhau lhCC
CCDCC| vCC Cl Oy lhC ana yls CCCuCal Cna| a| urC .
Cl mC laC CDC Camj C rCm rCnCh jC| | l| Cs. CvCmCr
5saV lhCCulOrCakC a Qu| lC ju22| | DgluCCD! s!r| kC aga| Dl
jCjCsCC gCvCmCnl Cg| s al| CD Cn lhC un| vCr| l| Cs. hC as| C
a | m C l h| s | Cg| s al | CD Vas lC makC h| ghC| CCuCal | n mCrC
|CsjCn| vClCCCCDCm|C rCQu| rCmCnl. \DCgraCualC| u !hrCC, VC
VCrClC C Vas unCmj CyCC. CDCClhC DCCClC |DlrCCuCC a sCCC-
!| vCCr| CD! a! | CD Vh| Ch VCu O sCl sluCCnlsCn ! hC r| gh! jalh anO
malChlhC|r aO| | ! | Cs V| lhCvCnlua Cmj CymCn!. AnClhCr laC!Cr
C | CvC, Vas hall DCCrCCs ujjCr| Dg lhCCCnC|val| vCma[ Cr
|ly | | kClhCVCrC `5c/ccl! :n Cr |ls CVD akC . l lhC | Cg| s| al| Cn
OCCrC ar | amCnl Vas vCry C| rCumsjCCl. a | !l C sC CCl| vC C| Cn-
!a!| Cn, ulDCl !CC muCh lhC uD| vCrs| l| Cs VCu C C a CVCC lC
| DCrCasCCnrC| |Cul CCs, u DC! y lCC mCC| lCr. Jh|s ralhCr
lCj| C aV sCCmCC CCsl| nCC lC gC !DrCugD V| lhCula ur mu C|
jrCCsl. Cl V| ! h| u Cays, lVC hunCrCC lhCusanC sluCCns anC

1 H U tS 0t U| | C
|cees VCrC Cul Cn lhClrCCls Cl ar| s CCmaDC| ng |ls rC[ CCl| Cn.
Jh| s mCvCmCD Vas sl r | ng lCr var| Cl y C l rCasCD.
vCry!h| Dg !CCk aCC as|l, CCsQ| lC lhCmCCCsly C lhC Cg| s l| Cn,
lhC | nlCrCslCCar!| CshaC ! akCn | n CnCVCrC Cny, a VCrC Vh|Ch
Vas | n!C Cra Cese. s CCl| Cn Cl lhCCCnlCxl C lh|s rCsCDsC
CCnla| DCC nC rCmDaDl C| Cu| l ura| rCvC ul| CD, anC a | lhC grCat
CCalCsCha Cng| ng lhCCa| la | slCCuCal| CnsyslCm haC CDgs| DC
CvaCralCC. hCsuCCns aDC /yceensCCs| nglhCnCV V VCrC
lhCmsC vCs lCr hC m! arl | nC| v| Cua y Caughl u | D lhC Cg|C
C sC CCl| CD, |n hC sCarCh Cr gCCC C assCs anC gCCC DClVCrks
Jh| sChaDgC | nraCl|Ca C | Cs anC a!!| luCCssCCm| ng yCsCC nC
CslaC ClC lhC uny| C| C| Dgma| DlCDaDCC C a syslCmC CC CC|| vC
| CCD| | || Cal| CD VhCrCy a rCC aDC CCn uD| vCrs| ly syslCm Vas
CCns| CCrCC a harC VCn anC | na | Cna C r| ghl C rCnCh CCmCC-
raCy. a un| vCrs| lyVhCrC aDyCnCCans!uCyany!h| Dg, VhalCvCrlhC
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so| ngwc wo| d DClwantto osc namc| y a part | cu| arcon
| gua| C C | OC| nglCgClhCt V| hCul Vh| Ch lhCugl aDO aCl| Cn
atC OCtCl C | lhC V| tlUC C| gC OtCs|y Vh| Ch O| sl| Dgu| shCs lhC
C| | l| Cu| C|U mCtC Ous| nCss managcmcnt. ysomC | DVCtsC CCt-
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guala| n C | | kCs Vh| Ch tCm| nOs us lDal LCs| ng lOO | s Cus
[ Autb ttncb |r|trsn tsl uttscr) lhus| | nk| nglhC nCl| COC|Css lC
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a VCtl| g| OCus tCa||ly. nO al lhC CCrC L lh| s VC|l| g|OCusOss | s
Cgua||ly, lhC OCs|tC lC QatlakC CCgua| | ly.
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| OlC a sCt| Cs C sma| | Ct Ca| Cu| al| COs, | nlC Vays C l mCasut| ng
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slanOarOs V| lDCul Qu|| ng uQ a | gDl. VaysCCCunl| ng, CCCuO-
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C rCsCm | OgCnC aOClhCt Ct C| ng O| sl| nCl tCm CnC anClhC
anO C OC| O| ng lhCsC gas VD| CD annah tCnOl saV as DC
VCty Qt| nC| Q| C C QCl | l| Cal !nlcr c5c. nO VaysC OC| n| ng | nlC-
Csls CnlCtCO Cn mC|C | | nCs anO | O mCr C | COgCrs l DaO CaO C
CCVCtCO y l hC OCuO| C OCCkkCCQ| Og C r Cal | l y u! OQ| u anO
sC| CnCC| OCC|Cgy. | nu| | y nCCOslhCtCCtC lC gC | nC a | CVCt
gCat. VhCnCVC| Cua| | l y Ct CCmmun| ly | s lhC | ssu, VC OCO lO
ask Vhal | s | n a Cs| l| Cn lC V| n Ct| CsC a Qarl| Cu| at |nCtCs! Cn
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Ca| Cu| al| CO !C C maOC OO sC CO.
o4
L lN l l Y l QA 15
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VhC!hCtCCl Csl| a| Cr | OCrna| ClhC mun| tat| an COy. lCr| l
mayVC| | C lDal tC| al| CnsC CCmmuO| l y anO Cgua| | lyatClhCm
sC| VCs u a nCVCt-CnO| ngsCll| | ngCaCCCun|s. by l ak| Oga C| CsCt
CCk al lhC aCCCunls QtCsCnlCO y Cua| | l y lC CCmmun| ly VC
s ha| | sCC l hC | magC C | hC s | ng| C gt Ca| COy Ct um C, a O O
CnCCunlCta| | !hC OC| C| lanO O| sCCtO Vh| ChCnsutC lhallhCCCm-
muO| ! y C Cua| s Can nCVCt malCt| a| | zC V| lhCu sCmC CCmCnl
Q| ugg| ng l DC CtaCks |n lhC | magC, V| lhC sCmC C| | gal| Cn lC
kCCQ l a | y| ng mCmOCts aOO tanks anO tCltans| a!| ng |hC lCtms C
lhC Ctmu| a.
. LCnCCrn| g a C|lCr. C anC| CLgua| s
s lhC slarl| ng-QC| nl Cl my ana| ys| s sha | CtCV an CXa l C
|Cm CnC L !hcmCsls| gn| | CaOlCCn!| gua!| CnsCCCmmun| !ar| an
!hCugh!, lhC COC kOCVO, mCtC C| |Css aOCulC| y, as ` u! CQ| aO
sCC| a| | sm . n 1 |CtrC LCrCuX Qu| | shCO L ut, lhCn | O
1 Lc lumun|/c lVC VCks| nlCnl CO lCunO| nglhC mCOCtO
CCmmun| ly L Cgua| s Cn a lraO| l| CO as | Cng as human h|slCty
anO mCO| l | | OglClh| sCnOClD lhC | aVsCCsCsaOOlDC | aVC
|nCs, l hC C ly C hC anC| CO|s a O O lDC alDCts C lhC LhutCh
CtCuXslhCs| s| s tCs| OCOCVCrya maslCt| magC, lDa| C | hCta
lCtna| mCa| , anO a maslCt |CXl, DC VCtOs C lDC Q| sl| C lC lhC
CmaOsVh| Ch lCaCh lhal, asCnCCOy | ODt| s|, VC atCa| | mCm
CtsCnC L lhCClhC magC anO lClVCtCQCtCCl| yaQQtCt| alC
lC lDC Ct| CO, !CtlhCyQCrCCl|y symC| | zCOsCC| al | slanOCCmmu
n| sl urdeu/ aOO lDC VCtk| ngC| ass QtCss, Clh sCC| al | sl anO
CCmmun| sl,CCQ| Cus| yaOCQlcO ctCuX sC| lal| COs, | OClh| s | OCas
lCOay lhCy ar C aQQtCQ|| u!C| y DCtt| y|ng, CVCk| Og as !hCy OC lhC
sQCCClhCgtCala| | -OCVCut| ng VDCl C. bCCn | n CCal| Cn, DCV
CVCt, lh| s muslCr| agCaOOlh| smalCtu| ul| Cnu| Ck| y O!ray
lhC| CCn|taO| Cl| Cns anO | Csc lhC nCcO Ct a tCuCCCunl| ng, u
tCCCmCn| g, a | l g.
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mCal |n u t, LC|CuX 0nCCunlrs a Cut| Cus Qh| | Cl Cg| Cu|
QtCl Cm. C ana| ysCslhC Cslal | shmCn ClD| s ltuO| l| Cn | nlCtms

1 l l C 1 | | TI C 5
C ! | !s Oua| asCC! |!s Oua| Ct| g| n Qtal| CCs L ! Vat|| Ct !|a!CtO| ly
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VCa|lh CO lhC ClhC Ot| Og| Og lCgClhC lhC Csa| C |taO| || Cn aOO
lhC tCCk ltaO| l| CO |n a CCnl| nuCus h| slCty Cu| m| nal| Og ! n thC
LssCnC Cmun| ly, Vh| Ch CtCuX CCns! OC|CC tDC Ct| g| n C! !hc
!CunOCt C! lDC LuChat| sl. | COg thC Vay, CtCuX CamC aCtCss a
Q| CO| Cm C| OCnCm| nal| CO Vh| Ch haO a| CaOy g| VCn QausC ! C h| s
| OsQ| tal| Cn, lhC |ulatCh C | lhC Lfe o[ |ycarg::s. JhC talCtna|
mCa| s C| lhC bQatlans VCC Ca| | CO . | ulaCh !C|l lDa!
lhCy shCu| O |CQCt| y hC Ca| | CO Ct mCa|s C! |t| CnCsh| Q,
|Ct l DC tCCk mCans lC CCCnCm| C suggCsl|ng hal
|talCtna| mCa| s VCtC aOCVCa | | |tuga| . VC knCVthallhC bQatlans
VCtCCCns| OC|CO m|sCt| y,anO| alC tCCa| | CO lh| s| O h| s QCtlta| l C|
! hC !| mCCta!|C man. bul | u!atCh sCll|CO lhC | ssuC anO CtCuX
|C| | CVCO s u| ! . a | amOOa tCQ| aCCO a OC| | a, a nO !hC bal ans
mCa| s hCnCC|CtVa|O haO a namC l hal CCttCsQCnOCO |C !hC| t
CCnCCQ|
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s!| | | !CllCtCO anO Cn| y arl| a| | y tCa| | CO Qt| nC| l C C|an CCn CCm
mun| | y V| lh| O a C|CsCO CnC. nlhC sma| | bQatlan OtC!hCthCCO hC
sCCks thC Qt| nC Q| C C lhC gtCal human CCmmuO l. C sCCs lh| s
at| slCCl|C CaslCaslhC | | m| lCO, CnCs| OCO tCa| | al| Cn C| CQua| | ly,
a sCC| C!yC | Cua| sCt !t| CnCs |CunOCOCn CxC| us| Cn Oul Ct|CC! | n
|lsC||, | ls !CtCCO C| CsutC |s suQCsCO lC hC !hC nCCCssa|y anO su|
|| C| CnlCCOO| l| CnL | lhC CaslC s lans| l| Cn lC human| ly. hC CaslC
mus| lhCtC|CtC OC kCQl |tCC |tCm gtasQ| ng l|mCCtay ul lh| s
nCCCss| !y CausCs LCtCuX lC sDun aOC| hC| | | OC C | lhCughl, CnC
slCmm| ng |tCm !ha!CXC| sCC OC| la anOsusCCQl| O| C C|l|ansQC| ng
us |tCm bQa a !C lhCns, anO |tCm hC tC| al| Cnsh| OClVCCn
at| sl CCtaCy a n O l| mCCtaCy | C l hal OClVCCn CCmmuO| l y anO
OCmCCtaCy.
LCl mC ltaCC!h| s ClhCt | | nC C| | ngu| | y Oy Vay C! a QassagC | n
t| slC!| C s |tCm hC CDaQlCtCn V| l! | C| ss Vh| Ch atC
| n l hC ! | |s! Q| aCC Js/0tJ C t l h| Ogs QCCQ| C say |n l hC C| l y .
t| slCl| C tC|Cts n Qass| ng |C a [ CkC C | CgCOCs Vh| Ch a| sC
| nVC| VCs a k| nO C! C| | | Ca| tCg| mC la| C maOOC|sanO lhC mCOC
C| OC| ng C| a C|ly. | CgCnCs, hC !C| s us sa| C lDa! hC !hCO| ans
66
T Hl C U N T Y 0l5
!CunO l DC| | jzhtJt/tcs | n taVCtns. n ClDC| VC|Os l DC QCtsCna|
CCCnCm| Cs nO CC| | CCl| VC Cgua| | ! y sCughl Oy l DCbQatlns |n lhC
| nsl| lul| Cn C btJt/tes VCtC |CuOO Oy lhC lhCO| ans | O tCslaut
aOls aOO QuO| | CmCCl| ngQ| aCs. h| s| s aOC|hCtVayC|sCll| DgQ
a CCnltasl as lhC C|| C| Cs C| huCyO| OCs OCCs OClVCCn lhC
lDCn| an sCDCC| C! |CCOCm aOO Casy | | V| ng, anO lhC m| | | !aty
O| sC| Q| | nC C|bQatlan sCC| Cly. hC anCCOClC naluta| | yga| ns |tCm
C| ng tCCCuD|C Oy lhC lhCCtCl| C| an C|Q|d aOO QC| | | | a| sCC|
C!| Cs. nO| l V||| nC OCuOl tCm| nO nCl a |CV tCaOCtsL | lhC Q| aCC
| n lhC VDCtC, mak| OglhCCasC |CtOCmCCtal| CV| sOCm| O
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CmQ| CysanClhCtgas!tCOCm| Ca| a|gumCnl. Ctl hCsamCCCsl hC
|C| | s us, yCu Can Cal OCCt al CCmmuOa| mCa| sVhCtCCaCh Qays
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l a| Vays CXCCCO | n OC| | OCtal| VC QClCnl| a| VhalCVCt lDC |CV
sChC| at| y | O|C|| CClsCaO lCgC|hCtC||Ct.

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OCmCCtaCy lakCsCul C| CCmmun| ly. Ct | | kC l| mCCtaCy |Ctat| s
CCtaCyOCmCCtaCy| slC aVat| C| Cus |CtCCmmun| ly CmCCtaCy
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tC|usC lC OC sC. nslCaO, lhCy aQQCtl| CO lh| Ogs O| |CtCOl| y, lhCy
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C| | !| Ca| !taC| !| Cn has |ash| COCO a sltangC mCOC| C!||alCtO| lyas
| l Vas | nlDC anC| CnlVCt| C. y suCt| mQCs| Og O| ||C|Cn! Q| ClutCs
|la| | CVs us |CCOV| s| Cna bQatlan lhCns Cta n lhCn| anbQat! a.
a mCtC OCmCCtal| C anO C| V| | CO bQatla VhCtC | OCsQCCChCsat
maOC anOCash| ngOCCOs OCnC. h| s | shCV CussCau s Qata | s
!ash| CnCC, !Ct Cxam C - Ct CtCux s. hC saC gCCs |Ct l DC
!hCns C| annah tCnOl. V|lOCss lhC Vay shC | sC|alCs a sDCtt
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nCg| CCl| Og Vhal | s | n |al lhC sl tuCl u|| ng O| ChCl Omy C | lhC
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6
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arC CnC OCOy | n Lh|| sl say lDC QCsl| C, ` anOCVCry CnCmCm
OCr CnC C|anClDCr. CQu| ar| CO Oy LCrCuX, |h| s !Crmu| a Was
unQrCO| Cmal| Ca| | y annCXCO Oy lhC CCmmun| sls nO Qr CV| OCO
La|raternite,|hC CaO| ngWC|k| ngC| aCCmmun| s l Crgan W| lD
|ls maslhCaO mCr|C. Cl nC! | hCrlDCsC WhCgaVC | lQ|| OC C|Q| aCC
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au| | nCCCnlCX| C | lhC |Crmu| al| Cn. hC | magC C | lhC mCmOCrs
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CsQCnsC lC a gu| lC QCC| || C | uC, namC| y lhC O| slr| Oul| Cn anO
h| C| ar Chy C| Cha| | ms W| l h| n l hC Lhr| sl | an CCmmun| | y. hC
guCsl | CnC | CDar| Was|n c||CCl lha C!l DCO| V| s| Cn C| | aOCu
| n a sQ| r| l ua| CCmmun| ly. | Wa ncCCa|y |Cr hcg| |lC! |CnguCs
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C| C, l C |C| alC lC CnC anClhC| as OC lDC mCmOC C! lhC OCOy,
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C| us | Cns may OC OraWn, OCQCnO| ngCn l hClC|m CCns| OCrCO. n
lhC mem|ers, au| ays lWC lh| ngs. lhal | l | lhC| r |unC|| Cn lC
g| VC CnC anClhCr mul ua| a| sl anCC, Oul a| C ! hl k| nO C !
Cgua| | ly| s Cs| aO| | shCOamCnglhCm Oy mCns CrCC| QrCCa|
QCnsal | Cn. CCmQCnsalCry DCnCu| OCVC| VCs uQCn lDCC WhC
ar C| n|Cr| CrOynalurC nO |unC| | Cn, | us l alhC |C nCO| C Qa| l s
C | lhC OCOy arC | c|| nakCO WD| | C lhC shamC|u| CnCsarC CCVCrCO.
s |Cr Char | s s, lhc QCl| C asCrlCO, muCh mCrC ummar| | y,
lhall hCy WCrCnC| a| | Cgua| | y uC|u| , nCl a| | Cgua| | y WCrlD C |
OC| ng sCughl. syslCmC | C| a| || Cal| CnWasCa| | CO |Cr, |CunOCO
6
H . | 3 b
C n lhC [ us r nCs s C| lhC WhC| C u hCW Wa | h| u| nC lC OC
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nCrOcrC| lh| sk| nO C| QCr|CClCgua| | l y sC | ha| lhCrCm| ghlOC
nC s Ch| s m Cr O| V| | Cn Oul l Dal lhC mCmOCr m| ghl C|!C| CnC
nC| DCr mul u | O.

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4
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6
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VhC CxjCsC lhC suOslanCC L | lhC | ttCCCnC| aO C g| CVanCC Vh| C
s| mu lanCCus y OCg| n| ng lhC jCCCss C!aOOtcss| ng | l Oy mCans
C|O| sjulal| n.
C | l| CsCX| sls y V| tluCL |lhC OCmCCt|C mCO| | zal| Cn C lhs
ajjatalus C | ajjCatanCC, | mjat| ly anO gt| CVanCC. h| s mCns
lha | l CCCs nC CX| sl s| mjl y OcCausC jCVCt Ct lhC slalC C sl.

ON

L OK L O I
laC|Crsallr| Ou|CO !C QC| | l| Ca| h|slty| nlCrm| XClhCtmCChan| sms
W| lh lhC QC| | l| Ca| aQQaralus QrCQCr, mCChan|sms haV| ng tC OC
W| lD !hC CxCrC| sc C ma[ Csly, lDC V| Carsh| Q C| lhc O| V| n| !y, lhC
CCmmanO C| a|m| Cs Cr lhC managCmCn| C | nlCrCsls. nO WhCr
CVcr l hC ` CnO C ! lhc QC| | l | Ca| s Q| CC| a| mCO, Whal | s r C a y
!argC!CO | s lh| saQQaalusC|aQQCaranCC, | mQar| lynOgr| CVanCC.
h| s |s lhCuQsDClWDCnaQQCaranCC | s | Cs!Cn aCCCun!ClhC un|
VCrsa| Cxh| O| l| Cn C |hC rCa| WDCn lDC gr| CVanCC haVC OCCn
OCsCr| O| ng |s sWamQCO Oy lhC CO[ CCl| || Cat| Cn C| CCmmCn QrCO
| Cms anO Ways sC| VC lhCm, WhCn | mQar| | y |s rcQ| aCCO O y
| nlCrm| naO| C QC| | | ng Cr VCl| ng | nlCnl| Cns C| QCQu| ar| ly, a| Cng
W| lD lhC Cgua| | y | Crm| naO| C rCCkCn| ng C | nO Ccs C gCCO Cr
OaO managCmCnl C CmmCn Ous| nCss. xh| O| l| Cn | n Q| aCC C|
aQQCaranCC, CXhausl| VC CCunl| ng | n Q| aCCC| mQar| ly, CCnsCnsus
| n Q| aCC C|gr| CVanCc- suCh arC lDC CCmmanO| ng !Calu|cs C|!hC
CurrCnl CCrrCCl|Cn C| OcmCC|aCy, a CCrrCCt| Cn Wh| Ch l h| nks C
| l sC| | aslhC CnOC| QC|| l| Cs Oul Wh| Chm| ghl OcllCr OcCa| | CO QCsl-
OCmCCraCy. Jhcsc arc lhC |Crms C a ral | Cna| | zal | Cn C l
OCmCCral|C ungCVcrnaO| | | l y WhCsCOCQ| Cl| Cn C|a | | Csl| ma|CsanO
a| | | magCs | | kC | ls | | m| l | Css QrCOuCl | Cn C | aWs a n O arl | C| Cs
OCs| gncO lC |CrCscC anO rCgu| alC a| | gr| CVanCcs, W| | | surC| y OC
slCQQcO OCaO | n |ls lraCks O y lhC suOOCn CmcrgcnCc C! nCW
aValars C!hC mCnlcranO C|a mCrC| Css O| V| n|l.
. COCtn ClaQC| | l| C
n lhC mCOCrn agC, QC| | l| Cs | s rCOCrn W|lh lhC rCOcQ|CymCnl C
|hC namC L lhC QcCQ| C anO C lhC sQaCC L | lhc gr| CVanCC lC
Wh|Ch lha! namCg| VcssuOslanCC JhCsCWhC CCnCc| VcC| QC| | l| Cs
| n lCtms C|l hCsla|C, as Cu | | OCta| aO!| -s|al| s|s QCrs| sl | nOC| ng,
Can a| Ways tCaCh hCW lhC rCClsC | lhC|CQuO| | Can slalC | | C | n lhC
Crmal| Cn C|thC nal| Cn-slaCunOC| lhC mCnarChy. bC|arasQC|-
| l| Cs QrCQCr | s CCnCcrncO, hCWCVCr, | | s rCOC WDcn lhC sQDCrC
C| aQQCa|anCC C| lhc QcCQ C OCg| ns rCga| n| ng grCunO !|Cm lDC
QrCs!|gC C rCya| ma| Csly anO lDC traQQ| ngs C| lhc O| V| nC V Car
s h| Q WhCn lhc QCCQ| C rCaQQCar as lhC | CCus C| a O| V| s| Cn anO
WhCn th| s O| V| s| Cn CnCCaga| n OCmCnslralCs, al lhC hCa| l C !hC
| CgCnO C| CCmmu|y, lhC asymmClry OClWCcn lhc s:tberon
d
L K L L K K L L L
anO lhC|/a|eon. l | snCW lhalnCW namCsat C QrCQCsCO |Cr lhC
QCC| C anO lhat nCW suO[ CClsCCmC CrWarO WC| | CO |C CXh| O| l
anO aOOrCss lhc W|Cng lhal has OCcn OCnC lhc QCCQ| C. |CQuO| |
Cans, OCmCCrals anO rcVC| ul | Cnar| Cs Oul a | s C WCrkCrs Cr
Q|C| C! ar| ans. l | snCW |CC, hCWCVCr,lhatarCunO lhC m| | O rCVCr
| cs C! l hC smbero Or| ng| ng a n | nOus t r | Cus CCmmun| l y
lCgClhCr!hCrCOCg|n !C QrCW| |arWC|ght|C| shaOCWs lhCshaOCW
Ca sCVCrC| gnQCCQ| Csll| | nga| | gr|cVanCcs C|l hCshaOCWC!hC
OCOy L |hC CQQrCssCO QCCQ| Cas lhC| CCus C|an aOsC| ulc WtCng

Crc| n ||Cs lhC s ngu| ar| ly C mCOCrn QC| | l| Cs CVCn as lhcaQQa-

ral us L | OCmCCral| C a QQCaranCc, OCmCCtal| C gr| cVanCC a nO
OCmCCral| C| mQar| ty |s OC| ngrCOCQ| CyCO, lDCrCCmCtgcs | n Qara|
| C| a mClaQC| | | Cs Wh| Ch QC| nl s u Q lhC nl CnaO| | l y C | l hal
aQQa| al us, |ls CCnraO| ClC|| nCss CrhyQCCr| sy, |lsCr| s| sCr|ls CnO.
COcrn QC|| t| Cs CCmcs | nlC OC| ngaCCCmQan| CO Oy lhC lhCugDlC|
| !s CWn C| | m| nal| Cn. bCmCth| ng l Da! || slC C anO JhuCyO| OCs
lCCk |Cr granlCO- lhal thC QCCQ| C WCrC al CnCC Qarl anO WDC| C,
sCVC|C| gn a nO nCl sCVC|C| gn - has nCW OCCCmC a sCanOa| Cus
nCl| Cn. l |s lruClhal | alCCCnCCQlua| | zCOan aOsC| ulCanlagCn-
| sm OClWCCn lhc CQuO| | C a n O OCmCCraCy, CQQCs | ng a
mClaQC| | l| Cs Cr QC| | t| Cs C lhC arcbe lC lhC !aClua| | ly COCmCC-
raCy. ul mCOCrn mclaQC| | l| Cs OurrCWs | n|C lhc Vcry hCat C|
QC| | l| Cs. ! OcmanOs lhal lhC namCsus COOy QC| | l| Cs rCsCmO| c | ls
rCa| | l| Cs anO V| Cc VC|sa. JhC aQQCaranCC C lhc QcCQ| C musl OC
slr| Cl| y CCn| nCO tC lhc allr|O!Cs C| sCVCrC|gnly Cr lhC aQQCar-
anCC C sCVCrC| gnly O| ssC| VCO | n |aVCur C| lhc rCa| l| Cs C| lhC
QCCQ| Cas QrCOuCCrs. hc | mQat| lyL |OCmCCraCy slt| Cl| yOC!| nCO
as lhC rC|gn C | lhc ma[ Ct| y VClC WaVCrs OclWCCn |hC unrCQrC
sCnlaO|| | |y C| sCVCrc| gDy a n O lhC | nCa| Cu O| | | l y C lhC WrCng
OCnC lhC QCCr. |lhcr |hc OCmCCral| C QCCQ| C musl OC COuCalcO
aCCCrO|ng lC |CQuO| | Can OCClr| nC Cr C| sC lDC | cQuO| | C musl Oc
OrCugD! OaCk lCthc l|ulh C|hC rC|gn C| nlCrcsls. hus, |ag| | C
a| | | anCCs arC saCr| || CcO anO C| ashCs OCg| n CCCur OClWCCn thC
O|!|C|Cn! C| CmCnls C | a OcmCC|al| C aQQaralus nCW rCu| |CO lC
CmOraCC CCng|uCnCC OclWccn namCs anO l h| ngs, lrulhs anO
aQQCaranCCs Cr | | Oc|a| s, lhc arCha|C Qass| Cns assCC| CO W| !h
lhC namc L | thC QcCQ| C O| slu|O lhC QrCsQCCl L | lhC ru| C L | lhC
smberon a CCnVcrgcnCcL |lhC usCu| anOlhc [ usl OCsl| nCOlC

T | l S H O R F S OF | O| | T | C S
jul an CnC lC gr| CvanCC. \n rhC sCC| al l sl s| CC, lhC r|ghls L lhC
jrCCuCCrs C ash Vl lh lhC namCs ass| gDCC Oy jC | l Cs, aOC C ass
Var CCl l | CCs V| th hC | Cl| Cns L lhC Cga syslCm. l Vas jarlL
arxsgCn| uslhal, | na CVa s yCl uOsurjassCC lCxls,hCVasaO C
lC Or|g lC | C CvCryCCmC | n lhC hCalrC CjC | l| CsaDCmod-
CrnmClajC | l| Cs. lhC VCrCsaDC|Cgas C anC| COljCt l| CsCCj CyCC
lC | Qu| Ca|C rCya ma[ Csly lhC mCCCrn maOagCmCn! C Varr| Og
|nlCrCslslhCmarvC sCOCurgCCl s l nCuslryanClhC| Cy ValCrsC
CgC|sl|C Ca Cu l| CO lhC Cr| l| QuC C l hC r|ghls C man anC lhC
CCnuOC| al| Cn C lhC aOsC ulC nCnr| ghl C lhC jrC Clar| an lhC
m| ss| Cn ClhC C ass V| lhCulua | l| CsanClhCCCm| DgrC| gD ClhC
jrCCuCCrs lhC V| thCr| DgaVayCl lhCjaras| l| C slatC anClhC C| C-
lalCrsh| j Cl lhC jrC Clar| al. arx a sC | OCDl| | CC lhC CssC|
Crama hCrC CrralhCr lhC OCuO C Crama. lhC lragCCy ClhC DaC
CrCssa C VrCOg j ayCC Cul agal nsll hC OaCkgrCnC C thC | Cy
C lhC gCnCral| Cn C [ usl | CC Oy l hC rul C C usC u jrCOuCl | Cn
arx maCC CCmCCraCys sCjaral| Cn lrCm | l sC | nlC l hC sCjara-
t| Cn ClhC jCl | l| Ca rCa mrCm| lsC l, g| v| ngt hCsjl | la DamClhal
VCu C OC aCCjlCC Oy lhC VhCC ClmCCCrn| ly- anC CvCO tuCO
aga| nsl ar h| msC . JhC DamC | D QuCsl| Cn Vas | CCC Cgy . Jh| s
Vas DCl usl a nCV namC Cr an C C | CCa - | us| Cn, s| mu aCrum
Cr sCmClh| ngC lhC sCrl - Oul ralhCra namCCrlhC CCDl| nua y
| nCr| m| nalCC C| slanCCOClVCCn namCsaOC lh| Dgs, lhCCCnCCjlua|
CjCralCr lhal CCDlrC s uOCl| Cns anC C| s [ unCl| Cns OClVCCO CCm
jCnCnls C tbe mCCCrn jC| | l| Ca ajjaralus. | CCC Cgy | s Vhal
makCs|l jCss O C | nlurDlC rCCuCC lhC ajjCaranCCC lhC jCCj C
lClhC CvC Ca n | us| Cn mask| ng rCa CCn | ClCr, CCOvCrsCy, lC
CCnCunCClhC OamCs C lhC jCCj CanOlhCmaO| Cslal| Cns ClhC
jCCj C sgr|CvaOCC asaDaChrCn| smsmCrCyhC C| ngujlhCaCvCnl
C lhC ru C C lhCCCmmCn | nlCrCst. CCC Cgy | nks lhC jrCCuC
l| Cn ClhC jC | l| Ca sjhCrC tC| t s CvaCual| Cn Cr |l CCs| gnalCs lhC
gaj OClVCCn VCrCs anC lh| ngs as a C| slurOaDCC t jC | l| Cs lhat
may at any l| mC OCCOmC a Ol slurOaDCC of jC | l| Cs. | l |s an CvCr-
sh| taO C lCrm V| C, Oy rCarraDg| Dg at V| lhC lC at| CDsh| js C
thC jCCj C sajjCaanCC anC gr| CvanCC, jCrm|ls thC Cus C thC
jC | l| Ca lC OC CCnl| nua y ChangCC - ChangCO, l nCCCC, lO lhC
l | m| t , Vh| Ch |s thC CCC aral| Cn ClhCCnC C jC | l| Cs. JhC CnC C
lhC jC | ll Ca CCs| gDalCs thC CCmj Cl| Cn C lhC jrCCCss VhCrCOy
0
Ol O C R Y
lhC mClajC| |l| Ca ,CC| CCallhC hCarl C hC jCl | l| Ca, Cv|sCCralCs | l
rCm V| lh| n, anC | n lhC namC L lhC Cr| l| uC C ajjCaranCCs sC
lhCrCughy CrasCs a mCC| al| Cn L lhC VrCng anC | O usl| CC CCDC
lhaljC|Ca[ sl|CC| srCCuCCClCOClh|ngmCrChaOlhC rCasCnaOC
ruC C lhCsumpber.
. aCsm Tbe isease o| Cooseosos
hC hyjClhCs| s C CCnsCOsu CCmCCraCy runs rCgh y a s |C -
CV. C ar at lhC CnCC lhC l | mC VhCOlhC ajjCatanCC ClhC
jCCj CanChC gr| CvanCC C lhC jCCj ChC O sVay C arC Cav| ng
lhat jCr| CO OCh| DO. |rsl,CnaCCCunl o| lhC CC | ajsC C lhC ` VCr-
Crs slalCs aDC sCCCnC, Oy v| rluC C thC CnCrgy V| lh Vh| Ch VC
havCCCvC CjCOanCsharCCCurVCa| lhaDCmu l| j| | CO | nC| v| Cua
al| saCt| CDs anC Crms L CC CC| vC CODsu lal| Cn C Can DCV
OCa V| th C| v| s| Cn |O Vhat | l has OCCCmC, namC y CCmjCl| l| Cn,
a Crm ClhatCCnvCrgCnCC lhankslC Vh|Ch lhCjrCCuCl| CD ClhC
usCu rCa| | 2Cs | t sC l lhrCugh thC jrCCuCl| CD C [ ust| CC. C Can
CnCCV lhC rCa | ly C l OCmCCraCy V| lh Vhal VC havC takCn aVay
rCm | ts shaOCV, rCC|ng | mjar| ly rOm lhCtrjj| ngsL ajjCar
anCC anC lhC CaggCral| Cns C gr| CvanCC. JhC jrCsCnl a| | ngs C
rCjrCsCDlal| CD lhC gaj OC|VCCD lhC jar | amCnlary ma[ Crly aOC
C| lhCr lhC sCvCrC|gn jCCj C Crl hC mu | j | C| ly C C| l| 2Cns anC
Cr lhal maCrl hCaOsCOCC C any ma[ Ct||y, a OCCmj y OCnChCs
| O lhC al | Cna PssCmO y - Can OC rCCl| || CC Oy mCChan| sms Cr
jrC| | OglhC jCCj CCt jCrl| CDsL | |hC peop|e, as OymCChan| sms
CCs| gnCC lC CO[ CCl| y jrCO| Cms anC sC ul| Cns, a Cng V lh lhC
r u Cs Cr l hC| r C| sCuss| Cn, | n lhC mCsl CXhaus l | vC Vay.
CChan| sms, lCC, Cr harmCn| 2| nghC CCmjulal| Cn C hC jarls
V|lh lhC | magC C lhC VhC C | n lhC CCnlCl C lhal jCjC!ua
CvCa CCmjulal| CO Vh| ChC| sj ays ju | C Cj| n| Cn | n |ls Cnl|rCty
as synCnymCus V| l hlhC jCCjC as a OOCy. PDO mCChan|sms Cr
jrCO Cma| 2| nganyCO[ CCl Cl gr| CvanCC |aO C lC Cv| vClC namC
ClhC jCCj| C anOlhC ajjCaraDCC I | hC jCCjCs s| C s Cn. P
gr| CvaDCC | s s| mj y hC syjOm l 1 a jrC Cm, anO nC jrCO Cm
| sanylh| ngmCrCthan lhC aCkI lhC mCans CsCl vC | l. jCsurC
C VrCDg must nOV g| vC Vay lO | CCnl| | Cal CD C lhC aCk, C
| CVCO Oy | lsrCmCCy. Jh|smay C a aCkC l rCurCCs lC OCsharCC
0
ON S HOR F S OF P Ol l T I C S
O| 3 | 3Ck D lu Cs Ol lhC QICVCUl O| O COU C|. lhC 3ns\vC| lO lhC
OUC s uU m lCU CCOUOm C glOWlh, lO thC OlhCl 3 QlO C|3l OU O
3Ws 3UU lCgu 3l OUs. hC CXh3us! VC CUumC|3! OU O QlO Cms
lO C sO VCU 3UU 3Cks IO C 3USWClCU C3 s Ol 3 COl|CsQOUU Ug y
QlCC SC CUumC|3l OU Ol lhc Q3ll C Q3Uls UCCCss3ly 3UU sul| C CUl
lO U| sCuss anu lCsO VC C3CO C3sC. hC m3gC O lhC tOUnulaD C
Gl 5Cuss OU 3QQlOQl 3lC lO lhC QlO Cm lO h3UU hClC CO0Il3SlS
sh3lQ y D f s COmQ ClCUCSS W lO CmQly Q3l 3mC|!3ly CUChCS,
3DU l |\3y |C3C y C UCUl CU W| lh !hC huDU|CU QCl CCUl O lhC
QOQu 3l OU QO| l CU U3 y OU lhC l UCs |Cs 3UU ChOi CCs 3UU U s-
Q 3yCU |OkCD UOWU UlO lhC f Q|CC| sC Ui V S O|s. +hC Oj CCl| V ly
O Q|O Cms 3|U !hC C|| | slmC|l O lOC COU!l ulOrs DCCUCU |O
sO VC !hCm l hus CD| 3 S 3 CO|CullCUCC O OQ U O|s 3lOuuU lhC
SO ul OD lO3l OCls l sC O ls OWD 3CCOlC 3s thC OU y OuC l hul
m3kCS SCUsC.
D lh S W3y, QO| | l| Cs 3ss gUs !sC 3| CU y!Dg QulQOsC. bll QQCU
O ls lOC3l| C3 3UCy UlCss, UCmOCl3Cy s UllOUuCCU |lO lh s
QlOgl3mmC 3s lh3! U 3 OguC, lh3! CO CCl| VC sC3tCh Ol /otu,
Wh CO ! 3l0 COuD!C|QOSCU lO !hC sCUuCl OUs O |hCltl C 3s lhC
UOsC O SsCm ! Cs lO QOQu 3l lOC3l|Cs. !ul 3tO W UOl 3CCCQl
Q3ymCUl | D suCh ChC3Q CO| U. !O| h m, lhC U ClCDCC ClWCCU
U 3 OguC aDu fOClOl C3 QClsu3S OU C3UUOl UCI| UC 3U y COUCC V3 C
CO||CC| OU O UCmOCf3Cy. K3lhC|, I UC UCs Qh OsOQhy s lau| Ca
U| C|CUCC lOm UCmOCl3Cy. !CmOCl3Cy C3UUOf O |CUCCmCU y
Qh OsOQhy. PUU l s mOsl CCll3 U y 3|C| C3 lO QOs| l ls ul a Og| C
lCUCmQl OU lhlOugh U sCuSs OU O lhC mOlC 3UU thC CsS Ol lhc
WC gh Ug O u!C|Csls U l hC 3 3UCC. mQ3l ly s 3U CssCUl 3| Q3ll
O UCmlaCyN +hC OUy kt |U O U 3l OguC COmQ3l C W lh UCmOC-
l3Cy S Onc WhC|C lOC Q3ll| Cs hC3l OUC 3UOlhCl ul UO UOl aglcc
W lO OUC 3UOlOC|, lhC k UU O U 3 OguC Wh Ch l3kCs Q 3CC OU |hC
sl3gC. CmOCl3Cy s C OsC y | |kCU !O |l3gCUj' lO u|sCll| CU g|| CV-
3UCC. hC mOUClU CXQCl CDCC O UCmOCl3Cy O 3 s rCulCU lhC
OVCl S mQ| C 3|tU C UCUl i C3l! OU O UCmOC|3! C mQ3| ly W| lh
!hC m3ssCs CCs lC O| ` mOlC, 3 W3ys mO|C . ul 3! l C3sl |l hJ-
CO| |mCU | 3!O s | Dl ui | O|: CCmOCl3Cy s |Ol lhC sC3|Ch O|
/tu 3DU CsQCC 3 y UOl llC 3 ly l3| t Wh Ch C| OthCs I hC
UC3! Ug O COmmOD |lClCSls U !hC g3lO O Qh OsOQh C3 C 3-
OguC. JC|OCl3l | C U 3 OguC U l h s lCSQCCl |CsCm| CS QOCl| C
0
CKL LKL
U 3 OguC 3 s UC UCU Uy NUUC Sl3m: lhC UlCl OCulOl s UCi s
QCUs3| C l O l | , ut sO s lhC UUClCfm U3Cy L l O3l nlClOCUlOl
lOC uUCXQCClCUUCss O h S COttDlcnanCc. ' lCmOCl3l C U 3 OguC
lCusCs |hC Oj CCl C3l OU mQ| CU y ` Qallnclsh| Qs 3UU lOC! l
` QlO| Cms . PU |DlctOCulCt s UOl a ` QaltDcl . PUU lhC 3UV3UCCs
O UCmOCf3Cy h3VC 3| W3ys Uccn uuc lO mQf OV S3l OU Uy UnlO~
gl3mmCU 3Cl Ols, y sulQ Us l nlcl OCUlOls. a UO s y C| OWU
OCCuQy Ug lOC s!lCCl, 3 S CUl ClOWU ClOSS Ug lOC f 3fms U 3 3C
lOly 3UU SO Ol!h. NC 3r 0 l3 k Ug hClC UOl 3Oul SQOUl3UCOus
3Cl OU y lhC QCOQ| C ul 3Oul ucUOClal|C mQ3l ty. DO ` W U-
C3ll Ug 3g3Usl ! hC Olg3U 23l OU | s UVO VCU, Ol s uCO mQlOV sCU
ClOWCs h3VC 3l W3ys CCU 3 C Qu| CK y l O QlOV UC !hCmsC VCs
W| |h ICQlCsCUl3li VCs !O gO 3UU Q3l cy | D C V 3sh OD W|h lOC
sQOkCsQCO C O WC3 lh 3DU QOWCl WhCUCVCl lOC 3llCl WCIC W
|g 3|C |C3Uy !O |CCC|VC !OCm. hC QO l C3 WlOUg, 3s WC h3VC
sCC|, C3D C 3UClCSSCU. ul UUlcssCU UOCS UOl mC3| |CUlCsSCC.
+O 3ssumC lh3l 3 COmmOD l Dgu3gC 3UU 3 COmQlChC|s OU y
C3Ch s UC O lhC O! hC| s lC3SOU Dg 3| C QfClCgu s l Cs Ol lhC
WlOUgs C |g m3UC m3Ui CSl 3UU C Dg UC3lCU s UOl lOC s3mC
lh Ug 3S Oj CCl y Ug th3l W|OUg as a QlO Cm WhOsC sO ul OU S
sOughl Q Q3llUCls 3Cl Ug lOgClhCl. hc Qall| cs U COU|OUl3l OU
UO UOl m3kC uQ 3Uy WOO C CaQaU c Ol ucl|nlVcy l ghl| Ug lhc
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