GATE Mathematics Questions All Branch by S K Mondal
GATE Mathematics Questions All Branch by S K Mondal
GATE Mathematics
Chapter wise ALL GATE Questions of All Branch
Every effort has been made to see that there are no errors (typographical or otherwise) in the material presented. However, it is still possible that there are a few errors (serious or otherwise). I would be thankful to the readers if they are brought to my attention at the following e-mail address: [email protected]
Er. S K Mondal
IES Officer (Railway), GATE topper, NTPC ET-2003 batch, 12 years teaching experienced, Author of Hydro Power Familiarization (NTPC Ltd)
S K Mondal's
1.
Matrix Algebra
Previous Years GATE Questions EC All GATE Questions
1.
(b)
3 20
1 2 a Then (a + b) = 0 b 19 (c) 60
1.(a)
We know AA 1 = I2
1 2 0.1 2 3 0 0 1 b = and a = 3 7 a + b = 20
a 1 2a 0.1b 1 0 = = 0 3b 0 1 b 1 60
2.
[EC: GATE-2005]
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1 0 (c) 0 0
2.(c).
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
1 4 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 (d) 0 0 1 0 4 1 0 0 0 4
We know AA t = I4 AA T
1
= I4 = I4
[EC: GATE-2006]
3.
3. (c)
1 1 1 R3 R1 1 1 0 1 1 1 rank(A) = 2.
1 1 1 R1 R2 1 1 0 0 0 0
1 2 1 1 1 0 = A1 (say). 0 0 0
5.
The eigen values of a skew-symmetric matrix are (a) Always zero (b) always pure imaginary (c) Either zero or pure imaginary (d) always real
[EC: GATE-2010]
5. (c)
[ME: GATE-1994]
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0 2 = 14 0 7 4 rank(A) = 2. But
7. Rank of the matrix given below is: 3 2 -9 -6 -4 18 12 8 -36
[ME: GATE-1999]
(a) 1
7. (a)
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d)
3 2 9 3 2 9 R3 4R1 6 4 18 0 0 0 R 2 + 2R1 12 8 36 0 0 0
rank = 1.
8. The rank of a 33 matrix C (=AB), found by multiplying a non-zero column matrix A [ME: GATE-2001] of size 31 and a non-zero row matrix B of size 13, is (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3 8.(b)
a1 LetA = a 2 ,B = [b1 b2 b3 ] a3
a1 b1 a1 b2 Then C = AB = a2 b1 a 2 b2 a3 b1 a3 b2 Then also every minor of order 2 is also zero. rank(C) = 1. a1 b3 a2 b3 .Then det (AB) = 0. a 3 b3
9. A is a 3 x 4 real matrix and A x = b is an inconsistent system of equations. The [ME: GATE-2005] highest possible rank of A is
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
9.(b). Highest possible rank of A= 2 ,as Ax = b is an inconsistent system. 10. Match the items in columns I and II. [ME: GATE-2006]
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Column I P. Singular matrix Q. Non-square matrix R. Real symmetric S. Orthogonal matrix Column II 1. Determinant is not defined 2. Determinant is always one 3. Determinant is zero 4. Eigenvalues are always real 5. Eigenvalues are not defined (b) P-2, Q-3, R-4, S-1 (d) P-3, Q-4, R-2, S-1
(a) P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2 (c) P-3, Q-2, R-5, S-4
10.(a) (P) Singular matrix Determinant is zero (Q) Non-square matrix Determinant is not defined (R) Real symmetric Eigen values are always real Determinant is always one (S) Orthogonal
[A] is a square matrix which is neither symmetric nor skew-symmetric and transpose. The sum and difference of these matrices are defined as
[ A ] is its T [ S] = [ A ] + [ A ] and
T
[ D] = [ A ] [ A ]
(a) both [S] and [D] are symmetric (b) both [S] and [D] are skew symmetric (c) [S] is skew-symmetric and [D] is symmetric (d) [S] is symmetric and [D] is skew-symmetric. Ans. (d) Exp. Take any matrix and check. 4 2 1 3 11. Given matrix [A] = 6 3 4 7 , the rank of the matrix is 2 1 0 1 (a) 4
11.(c) 4 2 1 3 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 R1 2R3 R2 4R1 A = 6 3 4 7 0 0 4 4 0 0 0 0 R 2 3R3 2 1 0 1 2 1 0 1 2 1 0 1 Rank(A) = 2
(b) 3
(c) 2
(d) 1
12.
Real matrices [A]3 1 , [B]3 3 , [C]3 5 , [D]5 3 , [E]5 5 and [F]5 1 are given. Matrices [B] and [E] are symmetric. [CE: GATE 2004] Following statements are made with respect to these matrices. 1. Matrix product [F]T [C]T [B] [C] [F] is a scalar. 2. Matrix product [D]T [F] [D] is always symmetric. With reference to above statements, which of the following applies?
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(a) Statement 1 is true but 2 is false (b) Statement 1 is false but 2 is true (c) Both the statements are true (d) Both the statements are false
12.(a)
T Let I = F 15C53 B 33 C 35F 51 T
= I11 = scalar.
Let I' = D35 F51 D53 is not define.
13. Consider the matrices X (4 3), Y (4 3) and P (2 3). The order or P (XTY)1PT] T will be [CE: GATE 2005] (a) (2 2) (b) (3 3) (c) (4 3) (d) (3 4)
T
13.(a)
P X T Y 23 34 43
P3T 2
2 is, 7 1 7 2 3 5 1 1 3 7 2 5 1
(d)
14(a).
1 2 5 7
15.
1 7 2 3 5 1
[CE: GATE 2008]
15.(b)
( PQ )
P = Q1P1P = Q1
16.
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(c) B1 = B
16.(a)
(d) B1 = BT
BT = B
17.
17.(b)
i 3 + 2i 3 2i i
i 1 3 2i 12 i 3 + 2i
1 1 1 1 A = and A = 2 1 1 2 2 Then matrix A is 2 1 1 0 1 1 (a) A = 1 1 0 2 1 2 1 1 1 0 2 1 (b) A = 1 2 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 1 (c) A = 1 2 0 2 1 1 0 2 (d) A = 1 3 18.(c) From these conditions eigen values are -1 and -2. 1 1 Let P = 1 2 2 1 P1 = 1 1 1 0 P1 A P = = D(say) 0 2
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1 1 1 0 2 1 A = PDP1 = 1 2 0 2 1 1
EE
Q27. 2 1 The matrix [ A ] = is decomposed into a product of a lower triangular matrix [ L ] and 4 1 an upper triangular matrix [ U] . The properly decomposed [ L ] and [ U] matrices respectively are 1 0 (a) and 4 1 1 0 4 1 1 0 2 1 (c) and 0 1 4 1 (d) 2 0 1 1 (b) and 0 1 4 1 2 0 1 0.5 (d) and 0 1 4 3
[EE-2011]
Ans.
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2.
1.
The system of linear equations 4x + 2y = 7 2x + y = 6 has (a) A unique solution (c) An infinite number of solutions
[EC: GATE-2008]
1.(b)
( )
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S K Mondal's
x 3 1 y 9 7 z 3 1 1 3 1
9 7
1 0
2 4 1
1 0
2 4
9 7 6
2 4
1 0
6 -3 -7 x 3
6 -7 y 9 -7
1 -3
1 -3 -7 1 3 1
or
7 1 0 69 18 -7
4 15 69 0
1 0
z 10 0 4 1 13 0
-12 7 27
2 4
1 0
15 18 0
or
x y z 1 = = = 57 171 114 57
4.
For the following set of simultaneous equations: [ME: GATE-1997] 1.5x 0.5y = 2 4x + 2y + 3z = 9 7x + y + 5z = 10 (a) The solution is unique (b) Infinitely many solutions exist (c) The equations are incompatible (d) Finite number of multiple solutions exist
4. (a)
3 2 A = 4 7 1 0 2 3 / 2 1 0 2 2 2 R2 2R1 2 3 9 1 3 3 5 R3 4R1 1 5 10 3 5 2 1 3 / 2 1 0 2 2 R3 R 2 1 3 3 5 0 2 3 0
_
rank of ( A ) = rank of ( A ) = 3
[ME: GATE-2001]
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S K Mondal's
x+y=2 2x + 2y = 5
(b) No solution
The following set of equations has [ME: GATE-2002] 3x+2y+z=4 xy+z=2 -2 x + 2 z = 5 (a) No solution (b) A unique solution (c) Multiple solution (d) An inconsistency
6.(b)
3 2 1 4 0 5 2 2 R1 3R2 A = 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 R3 + 2R2 2 0 2 5 0 2 4 9 2 0 5 2 2 0 5 2 1 R3 R 2 + R3 5 2 1 1 1 2 1 0 1 2 0 1 2 9 0 1 2 9 2 2
rank(A) = rank A = 3
( )
[ME: GATE-2003]
2x + y + 2z = 6 x+y+z=5
This system has (a) Unique solution (c) No solution (b) Infinite number of solutions (d) Exactly two solution
7. (c )
1 2 1 6 0 1 0 1 R1 R3 A = 2 1 2 6 0 1 0 4 R 2 2R3 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 5 0 1 0 1 R 2 + R1 0 0 0 3 R3 R1 1 0 1 4 rank(A) = 2 3 = rank A .
( )
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8.
[ME: GATE-2006]
cos -sin 0 1 sin cos 0 and G= 0 E= 0 0 0 1 cos -sin 0 cos sin cos 0 (b) -cos (a)
0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 . What is the matrix F? 0 1 cos 0 cos sin 0 sin -cos 0 (c) -sin cos 0 (d) cos sin 0 sin 0
0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
8.(c)
9.
For what value of a, if any, will the following system of equations in x, y and z have a solution? [ME: GATE-2008] 2x + 3y = 4 x+y+z = 4 x + 2y - z = a (a) Any real number (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) There is no such value
9. (b)
2 3 0 4 0 1 2 4 R1 2R2 A = 1 1 1 4 0 1 1 4 R3 R 2 1 2 1 a 0 1 2 a 4 0 1 2 4 0 1 1 4 0 0 0 a If a = 0 then rank (A) = rank(A) = 2. Therefore the system is consistant
R3 R1
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33.
Solution for the system defined by the set of equations 4y + 3z = 8; 2x z = 2 and 3x + 2y = [CE: GATE 2006] 5 is 4 1 (b) x = 0; y = ; z = 2 (a) x = 0; y = 1; z = 3 2 1 (c) x = 1; y = ; z = 2 (d) non-existent 2
33. Ans.(d)
0 4 3 Consider the matrix A = 2 0 1 , Now det( A ) = 0 3 2 0 So, byCramer s Rule, the system has no solution.
Consider a non-homogeneous system of linear equations representing mathematically an over-determined system. Such a system will be [CE: GATE 2005] (a) consistent having a unique solution (b) consistent having many solutions (c) inconsistent having a unique solution (d) Inconsistent having no solution 10. Ans.(b) In an over determined system having more equations than variables, it is necessary to have consistent having many solutions .
10. 11.
For what values of and the following simultaneous equations have an infinite number [CE: GATE 2007] of solutions? x + y + z = 5; x + 3y + 3z = 9; x + 2y + z = (a) 2, 7 (b) 3, 8 (c) 8, 3 (d) 7, 2
11.(d)
1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 5 1 R2 R3 R1 2 A = 1 3 3 9 0 2 2 4 0 1 1 2 R 2 R1 0 1 1 5 1 2 0 1 1 5 1 0 0 3 R3 R 2 0 1 1 2 R1 R2 0 0 2 7
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12.
The following system of equations x+y+z =3 x + 2y + 3z = 4 x + 4y + kz = 6 Will NOT have a unique solution for k equal to (a) 0 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7
12. (d)
1 1 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 1 R3 R1 0 1 R3 3R2 2 1 A = 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 1 R 2 R1 0 0 k 7 0 0 3 k 1 3 1 4 k 6 For not unique solution k 7 0 k = 7.
14.
x1 + 2 x + x3 + 4 x4 = 2
[EE: GATE-2010]
3 x1 + 6 x2 + 3 x3 + 12 x4 = 6
(a) Only the trivial solution
x1 = x2 = x3 = x4 = 0
exists.
(b) There are no solutions. (c) A unique non-trivial solution exists. (d) Multiple non-trivial solutions exist
15. (b) We know , rank (A) + Solution space X(A) = no. of unknowns. 2 + X(A) = 3 . [Solution space X(A)= No. of linearly independent vectors]
X(A) = 1.
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17. Let P 0 be a 3 3 real matrix. There exist linearly independent vectors x and y such that Px = 0 and Py = 0. The dimension of the range space of P is [IE: GATE-2009] (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
17. (b)
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3.
1.
[EC: GATE-2005]
2 (d) 1
The eigen values and the corresponding eigen vectors of a 2 2 matrix are given by
[EC: GATE-2006]
Eigenvalue
1 = 8
Eigenvector 1 v1 = 1
1 v2 = 1
2 = 4
The matrix is
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(a)
6 2 2 6 2 4 (c) 4 2
(b)
4 6 6 4 4 8 (d) 8 4
2. (a) We know, sum of eigen values = trace (A). = Sum of diagonal element of A. Therefore 1 + 2 = 8 + 4 = 12 Option (a)gives , trace(A) = 6 + 6 = 12.
3.
3. (c)
101 4 2 101 = 2 4 101 101 606 101 101 = 606 = = 606 101 = 6
6.
p12 p All the four entries of the 2 2 matrix P = 11 are nonzero, and one of its eigen p21 p22 values is zero. Which of the following statements is true? [EC: GATE-2008] (a) P11P22 P12P21 = 1 (b) P11P22 P12P21 = 1 (d) P11P22 + 12P21 = 0 (c) P11P22 P12P21 = 0
6.(c)
7.
[EC: GATE-2009]
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(c) 3+ j, 3 j, 5 + j (d) 3, 1 + 3j, 1 3j
1 0 0 Find the eigen value of the matrix A = 2 3 1 for any one of the eigen values, find out 0 2 4 the corresponding eigenvector. [ME: GATE-1994]
8. Same as Q.1
9. The eigen values of the matrix 5 3 3 -3 (a) 6 (b) 5 [ME: GATE-1999]
(c) -3
(d) -4
9. (a), (d).
[ME: GATE-2000]
A= 0 2 3 0 0 2
(a) 2,3 (b) 1,2,2
are
(c) 1,0,0
(d) 0,2,3
10.(b) A is lower triangular matrix. So eigen values are only the diagonal elements.
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4 1 11. For the matrix the eigen value are 1 4 (a) 3 and -3 (b) 3 and -5
11. (c)
12. The sum of the eigen values of the matrix given below is [ME: GATE-2004]
1 2 3 1 5 1 3 1 1
(a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 9 (d) 18
8 x 0 4 0 2 12 6 0
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 12
13. (a)
8 x 0 4 0 2 = 0 12 6 0 x = 4.
14.
[ME: GATE-2005]
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5 0 0 0 1 -2 (a) 0 0 0 0 (b) 1 0
0 5 0 0
0 5 2 3
0 0 1 1 1 0 (c) 0 -2 1 -1 (d) 2 1
14. (a) Let the given matrix be A. Eigen values of A are. 5, 5, Take = 5, then AX = X gives.
5 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 5 2 3 0 x1 5x1 0 x 2 5x 2 = 1 x 3 5x 3 1 x 4 5x 4
5x1 = 5x1 5x 2 + 5x 3 = 5x 2 x 3 = 0
2x 3 + x 4 = 5x 3 x 4 = 0 3x 3 + x 4 = 5x 4
x 3 = 0
Thus the system of four equation has solution in the form ( K1 ,K 2 ,0,0 ) where K1 ,K 2 any real numbers. If we take K1 = K 2 = 2 than (a) is ture.
15. Eigen values of a matrix S = = SS? (a) 1 and 25 (b) 6 and 4
16.
If a square matrix A is real and symmetric, then the eigenvaluesn [ME: GATE-2007] (a) Are always real (b) Are always real and positive (c) Are always real and non-negative (d) Occur in complex conjugate pairs
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16. (a) 2 1 is 0 2
17. (d)
Here = 2,2 For = 2, AX = X gives, 2 1 x1 2x1 0 2 = x 2 2x 2 2x + x 2 = 2x1 1 x2 = 0 2x 2 = 2x 2 k is the form of eigen vector corrosponding to =2. where k R. 0
18.
1 2 4 The matrix 3 0 6 has one eigenvalue equal to 3. The sum of the other two eigenvalues 1 1 p
is (a) p (b) p-1 (c) p-2 [ME: GATE-2008] (d) p-3
18.(c)
19.
1 1 a and b . What is a + b?
[ME: GATE-2008] (d) 2
19.(b)
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a + b = 1
20.
3 4 5 5 For a matrix [ M ] = , the transpose of the matrix is equal to the inverse of the x 3 5
matrix, [M]T = [M]-1. The value of x is given by 4 3 3 4 (a) (b) (c) (d) 5 5 5 5 [ME: GATE-2009]
20. (a)
Given M = M M is orthogonal matrix MMT = I2
3 5 Now, MMT = x MMT = I2 1 3x + 12 5 25 3x 12 + 12 5 4 5 25 = =x= 25 3 5 9 x2 + 25 4 3 5 5 3 4 5 5 x 1 = 3 3x 12 + 5 5 25 3x 12 + 5 25 9 2 x + 25
T 1
21.
2 1
1 3
is
[ME: GATE-2010]
2 (a) 1
2 (b) 1
4 (c) 1
1 (d) 1
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21. (a)
4 2 The eigen values of the matrix 2 1 (a) are 1 and 4 (b) are 1 and 2 (c) are 0 and 5 (d) cannot be determined
22. (c)
23. Consider the system of equations A (n n) x (n t) = (n l ) where, is a scalar. Let ( i , x i ) be an eigen-pair of an eigen value and its corresponding eigen vector for real matrix A. Let l be a (n n) unit matrix. Which one of the following statement is NOT correct? (a) For a homogeneous n n system of linear equations, (A ) x = 0 having a nontrivial solution, the rank of (A ) is less than n. [CE: GATE 2005] m m m (b) For matrix A , m being a positive integer, ( i , x i ) will be the eigen-pair for all i. (c) If AT = A1, then | i | = 1 for all i. (d) If AT = A, hen i is real for all i.
23. (b) If be the eigen value of A. then m be the eigen value of A m .X m is no the eigen vector of A m
2 2 3 For a given matrix A = 2 1 6 , one of the eigenvalues is 3. 1 2 0 The other two eigenvalues are (a) 2, 5 (b) 3, 5 (c) 2, 5 (d) 3, 5
24.
24(b).
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we know 1 + 2 + 3 = trace(A).
3 + 2 + 3 = 2 1 + 0 = 1
2 + 3 = 2
25.
25. (b)
26.
5 4 The Eigen values of the matrix [P] = are 2 5 (a) 7 and 8 (b) 6 and 5 (c) 3 and 4 (d) 1 and 2
26. (b).
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30. In the matrix equation Px = q which of the following is a necessary condition for the [EE: GATE-2005] existence of at least one solution for the unknown vector x: (a) Augmented matrix [Pq] must have the same rank as matrix P (b) Vector q must have only non-zero elements (c) Matrix P must be singular (d) Matrix P must be square
30. (a).
3 2 2 For the matrix P= 0 2 1 , s one of the eigen values is equal to -2. Which of the following 0 0 1 is an eigen vector? 3 3 2 (b) 2 (a) 1 1 1 2 2 (c) (d) 5 0 3
31.
31.(d).
AX = 2X 3 2 2 x1 2x1 0 2 1 x 2 2x 2 0 0 1 x 3 2x 3 3x1 2x 2 + 2x 3 = 2x1 (i)
2x 2 + x 3 = 2x 2 (ii) x 3 = 2x 3 (iii)
From (i)5x1 = 2x 2 2x 3
(iv)
only choice (d) satisfies equation (iv). 1 0 1 If R = 2 1 1 , then top row of R-1 is 2 3 2 (a) [5 6 4] (b) [5 3 1] (c) [ 2
32.
[EE: GATE-2005]
0 -1]
(d) [ 2 1 1/ 2]
32(b).
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1 adj R det R 4 5 3 = 6 1 4 = 5 3 1.
t
R 1 =
Now, det R = 1
5 6 adj R = 3 4 1 1 top row of R 1 1 4 1 3 1 as det R = 1. 3
35.
x=[x1x2..xn]T is an n-tuple nonzero vector. The nn matrix V=xxT (a) has rank zero (b) has rank l (c) is orthogonal (d) has rank n
[EE: GATE-2007]
Statement for Linked Answer Questions 37 & 38 Cayley - Hamiltion Theorem states that square matrix satisfies its own characteristic equation, Consider a matrix 3 2 A= 1 0
37.
[EE: GATE-2007]
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38.(a)
From Q.37. we get A 2 + 3A + 2I = 0 A 2 = ( 3A + 2I ) . (i) A 4 = A 2 .A 2 = (3A 2I).(3A 2I) = 9A 2 + 12A + 4I = 15A 14I Similarly, A = A 4 .A 4 = 225A 254I(by calculatoin) and A 9 = A.A 8 = 511A + 510I
8
39.
of
(33)
matrix
is
defined
as
If I denote identity matrix, then the inverse of matrix P will be (a) (P2+P+2I) (b) (P2+P+I) 2+P+I) (c) (P (c) (P2+P+2I)
[EE: GATE-2008]
39. (d)
Given ch. equn of A is
3 + 2 + 2 + 1 = 0 P3 + P2 + 2P + I = 0 (By Cayley theorem). P(P2 + P + 2I) = I P 1 = P2 + P + 2I . 40. If the rank of a (56) matrix Q is 4, then which one of the following statements is correct? [EE: GATE-2008] (a) Q will have four linearly independent rows and four linearly independent columns (b) Q will have four lineally independent rows and five lineally independent columns (c) QQT will be invertible (d) QTQ will be invertible
40. (a). linearly Rank of a matrix is equal to the No. of linearly independent row or no. of independent column vector.
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42. Let P be a 22 real orthogonal matrix and x is a real vector [x1, x2]T with length
2 2 x = ( x 1 + x 2 ) 2 .Then which one of the following statements is correct? 1
[EE: GATE-2008]
(a)
(b) Px = x for all vector x (c) Px x where at least one vector satisfies Px > x (d) No relationship can be established between x and Px
42. (b)
cos sin Let P = sin cos PP' = I cos sin x1 x1 cos x 2 sin Now, PX = = sin cos x 2 x1 sin + x 2 cos
PX =
( x1 cos x 2 sin )
+ ( x1 sin + x 2 cos )
2 PX = x1 + x 2 2
The trace and determinate of a 2 2 matrix are known to be 2 and 35 respectively. Its eigenvalues are [EE: GATE-2009] (a) -30 and 5 (b) 35 and 1 (c) 7 and 5 (d) 17.5 and - 2
43. (c)
Given
1 + 2 = 2 (i) 1 2 = 35
2 2
( 1 2 ) = ( 1 + 2 ) 41 2 = 4 + 140 = 144 1 2 = 12 take 1 2 = 12 (ii) Solving (i) and (ii) we get 1 = 7 and 2 = 5
44.
An eigenvector of
1 1 0 P = 0 2 2 0 0 3
is
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(a) [-1 1 1] T
(b) [1 2 1]T
(c) [1 -1 2]T
(d) [2 1 -1]T
16.
Identify which one of the following is an eigenvector of the matrix 1 0 A= [IE: GATE-2005] 1 2 (a) [1 1] T (b) [3 1] T T (c) [1 1] (d) [2 1] T
16. (b)
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47.
Let A be an n n real matrix such that A2 = I and y = be an n dimensional vector. Then the linear system of equations Ax = y has [IE: GATE-2007] (a) No solution (b) a unique solution (c) More than one but finitely many independent solutions (d) Infinitely many independent solutions
47. (b)
A2 = I AA = I det(AA) = 1 det A.det A = 1 det A = 1 0
48.(b)
1 2 3 A = 2 4 6 , by the given condition 3 6 9 1 2 3 R 2 2R1 Now,A 0 0 0 R3 3R1 0 0 0 Rank (A) = 1
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51.
A real n n matrix A = {a ij } is defined as follows: a ij = i = 0, if i = j, otherwise The summation of all n eigen values of A is [IE: GATE-2010]
(a)
(b)
n(n 1) 2
(d) n2
Consider the matrix as given below. 1 2 3 0 4 7 0 0 3 What one sof the following options provides the CORRECT values of the eigenvalues of the matrix? (a) 1, 4, 3 (b) 3, 7, 3 (c) 7, 3, 2 (d) 1, 2, 3 [CS-2011]
F is an n n real matrix. b is an n 1 real vector. Suppose there are two n 1 vectors, u and v such that u v, and Fu = b, Fv = b. Which one of the following statements is false? [CS: GATE-2006] (a) Determinant of F is zero (b) There are an infinite number of solutions to Fx = b
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(c) There is an x 0 such that Fx = 0 (d) F must have two identical rows
52(d).
If F is non singular, then it has a unique inverse. Now, u = F1 b and v = F1 b v. This is a contradiction. So F must be Since F1 is unique u = v but it is given that u singular. This means that (a) Determinate of F is zero is true. Also (b) There are infinite number of solution to Fx = b is true since |F| = 0. Given that Fu = b and Fv = b (c) There is an X 0 such that F X = 0 is also true, since X has infinite number of solutions,
[CS: GATE-2007]
(a) {[1, 1, 0]T, [1, 0, 1]T} is a basis for the subspace X. (b) {[1, 1, 0]T, [1, 0, 1]T} is linearly independent set, but it does not span X and therefore is not a basis of X (c) X is not a subspace for R3 (d) None of the above
53.(b)
54.
[CS: GATE-2008]
has a unique solution. The only possible value(s) for a is/are (a) 0 (b) either 0 or 1 (c) one of 0, 1 or 1 (d) any real number other than 5
54. (d)
2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 R2 R1 A = 1 2 3 2 0 1 1 1 R3 R1 1 4 a 3 0 3 a 2 3
Page 32 of 192
S K Mondal's
55.
How many of the following matrics have an eigenvalue 1? 1 0 (a) One (c) Three 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 and 1 1 (b) two (d) four 0 1
[CS: GATE-2008]
Rest given matrix are triangular matrix. so diagonal elements are the eigen
1 0 has one eigen value 1. 0 0
56.
values.
Consider the following matrix. 2 3 A= x y If the eigen values of A are 4 and 8, then (a) x = 4, y = 10 (b) x = 5, y = 8 (c) x = 3, y = 9 (d) x = 4, y = 10
[CS: GATE-2010]
56.(d) We know,
1 + 2 = 2 + y 2 + y = 8 + 4 = 12 y = 10
57.
Notice that the second and the third columns of the coefficient matrix are linearly dependent. For how many values of , does this system of equations have infinitely many solutions? (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) infinitely many
Page 33 of 192
S K Mondal's
57. (b)
2 1 4 2 1 4 R2 2R1 A = 4 3 12 5 0 1 4 5 2 1 R3 R1 2 1 2 8 14 0 3 2 6 7 2 2 1 4 2 1 4 R3 3R2 2R3 0 1 4 5 2 0 1 4 5 2 0 3 12 14 0 0 0 1 + 5
The number of different n n symmetric matrices with each element being either 0 or 1 is: [CS: GATE-2004] (Note : power (2, x) is same as 2x) 2) (a) Power (2, n) (b) power (2, n (c) Power (2, (n2 + n)/2 (d) power (2, (n2 n)/2)
58. Ans.(c) In a symmetric matrix, the lower triangle must be the minor image of upper triangle using the diagonal as mirror. Diagonal elements may be anything. Therefore, when we are counting symmetric matrices we count how many ways are there to fill the upper triangle and diagonal elements. Since the first row has n elements, second (n 1) elements, third row (n 2) elements and so on upto last row, one element. Total number of elements in diagonal + upper triangle = n + (n 1) + (n 2) + + 1 n(n + 1) = 2 Now, each one of these elements can be either 0 or 1. So that number of ways we can fill these elements is n(n + 1) (n 2 + n) 2 2 = power 2, 2 (n 2 + n) Since there is no choice for lower triangle elements the answer is power 2, which 2 is choice (c).
59.
Let A, B, C, D be n n matrices, each with non-zero determinant, If ABCD = 1, then B1 is [CS: GATE-2004] (b) CDA (a) D1 C1 A1 (c) ADC (d) does not necessarily exist
Page 34 of 192
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60.
In an M N matrix such that all non-zero entries are covered in a rows and b column. Then the maximum number of non-zero entries, such that no two are on the same row or column, is [CS: GATE-2004]
60. (d)
61.
How many solutions does the following system of linear equations have [CS: GATE-2004] x + 5y = 1 xy=2 x + 3y = 3 (a) Infinitely many (b) two distinct solution (c) Unique (d) none
61. (c)
1 5 1 1 5 1 R2 + R1 A = 1 1 2 0 4 1 R3 + R1 1 .3 3 0 8 2 1 5 1 R3 2R 2 0 4 1 rank(A) = rank(A) = 2 0 0 0
63.
Consider the following system of equation in three real variables x1 , x 2 and x 3 2x1 x 2 + 3x 3 = 1
3x1 2x 2 + 5x 3 = 2
Page 35 of 192
S K Mondal's
x1 4x 2 + x 3 = 3 This system of equations has (a) No solution (b) A unique solution (c) More than one but a finite number of solutions (d) An infinite number of solutions [CS: GATE-2005]
2 1 3 2 A= 1 4 2 R3 9R2 0 0
64.
What are the eigen values of the following 2 2 matrix? 2 1 4 5 (a) 1 and 1 (c) 2 and 5 (b) 1 and 6 (d) 4 and 1
[CS: GATE-2005]
64. (b).
Page 36 of 192
S K Mondal's
4.
Determinants
Previous Years GATE Questions EE All GATE Questions
1.
[EE: GATE-2002]
0 0 is 0 1
(c)1 (d) 300
Page 37 of 192
S K Mondal's
5.
Calculus
EC All GATE Questions
2.
As x is increased from to , the function ex f(x) = 1 + ex (a) Monotonically increases (b) Monotonically decreases (c) Increases to a maximum value and then decreases (d) Decreases to a minimum value and then increases
ex > 0, x ( , ) (1 + ex )2
[EC: GATE-2006]
2. (a)
f (x) =
3.
A function is given by f(t) = sin2 t + cos 2t. Which of the following is true? [EC: GATE-2009] 1 Hz. (a) f has frequency components at 0 and 2 1 (b) f has frequency components at 0 and Hz. 1 1 (c) f has frequency components at and Hz . 2
0,1 1 and Hz . 2
f(t) = sin2t + cos2t (i) f(t) = sin2t + 1 2 sin2t = 1 sin 2t = cos2 t 1 frequency components Hence have 2 1 cos 2 t + cos 2 t (ii) f(t) = 2 1 + cos 2 t = 2
Page 38 of 192
S K Mondal's
= cos2t
4.
(c) 2
4. (a)
lim
0
6.
6. Ans. (b)
Given
y=x+ x + x + x + ... or, (y-x)= x + x + x + ... (y-x)2 = x + y=x+ x + x + ... (y-x)2 = y x=2
put
7.
7.(c)
Page 39 of 192
S K Mondal's
8.
8.(d)
9. (b)
-2
x 3 cos x equal x x 2 + (sin x)2 (b) 0 (a)
-1
10. lim
Page 40 of 192
S K Mondal's
cos x and sin x are finite whatever x may be x 3 cos x x3 = lim 2 = . lim 2 x x + (sin x)2 x x
11.
If y=|x| for x<0 and y=x for x 0, then [ME: GATE-1997] dy is discontinuous at x = 0 (b) y is discontinuous at x = 0 (a) dx dy (c) y is not defend at x = 0 (d) Both y and are discontinuous at x = 0 dx
lim
x 1
x2 1 = lim( x + 1) = 2 x 1 x 1
13.
13. (d)
f (x) = x .
y
y=x
x (0,0)
At x = 0, we can draw infinitely many tangents at x=0.So limit does not exists.
14.
Which of the following functions is not differentiable in the domain [-1,1]? [ME: GATE-2002] (a) f(x) = x2 (b) f(x) = x-1 (c) f(x) = 2 (d) f(x) = Maximum (x,-x)
14. Ans.(a)
Page 41 of 192
S K Mondal's
15.
15. (c)
lim sin 2 x sin x sin x = lim .x = lim x .lim x x 0 x 0 x x x 0 x 0 = 1.0 = 1
2 2
16.
If f(x)=
(a) 1/3
[ME: GATE-2006]
16. (b)
2x 2 7x + 3 0 form x 3 5x 2 12x 9 0 4x 7 lim use L' Hospital rule x 3 10x 12 4.3 7 10.3 12 5 = 18 lim
17.
x2 e x 1 + x + 2 lim = 3 x 0 x
(a) 0 (b) 1/6 (c) 1/3 (d) 1
[ME: GATE-2007]
17. (b)
18.
[ME: GATE-2008]
(c)
1 8
(d)
1 4
Page 42 of 192
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= lim
x 8
2/3
1 1 = 1/3 + 2x + 4 4
19.
xR (b) is continuous x R and differentiable x R except at x = 3/2 (c) is continuous x R and differentiable x R except at x = 2/3 (d) is continuous x R except at x = 3 and differentiable x R
[ME: GATE-2010]
19 (c) same as 9.
( )
)
20.
cos x =1 (1) 2 x 2 cos x 0 (2) Now, lim form x 0 x 2 2 sin x [use LHospital Rule] = lim x 1 2 = From (1), = 1 Given that one root of the equation x3 10x2 + 31x 30 = 0 is 5, the other two roots are (a) 2 and 3 (b) 2 and 4 (c) 3 and 4 (d) 2 and 3 [CE: GATE 2007] lim
x
20. (a)
Page 43 of 192
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(x 5) is a factor of (i) x 3 10x 2 + 31x 30 = 0 x 3 5x 2 5x 2 + 25x + 6x 30 = 0 x 2 (x 5) 5x(x 5) + 6(x 5) = 0 (x 5)(x 2 5x + 6) = 0 x = 5,3,2.
21.
x3 + x 2 is 2 x3 7 x 2
(b) (d)
1 7
1 7 x3 + x 2 x +1 1 = lim = 3 2 x 0 2x 7 7 2x 7x
lim
x 0
22.
3 2
(d)
22. (a)
H int s : lim
x 0
sin x =1 x
24.
Page 44 of 192
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Given
y=x+ x + x + x + ... or, (y-x)= x + x + x + ... (y-x)2 = x + y=x+ x + x + ... (y-x)2 = y x=2
y=1 or 4
put (y-4)(y-1)=0
Hence y = 4 only
26.
Consider the function f(x) = |x|3, where x is real. Then the function f(x) at x = 0 is [IE: GATE-2007] (a) Continuous but not differentiable (b) Once differentiable but not twice (c) Twice differentiable but not thrice (d) Thrice differentiable
(c) 1
(d) 2
27. Ans. (c) The expression eln x for x > 0 is equal to (a) x (b) x
1 x
28.
(c) x1
28. (c)
e Inx = e
In
1 x
29.
At t = 0, the function
f (t ) =
sin t t
lim
t 0
sin t =1 t
S K Mondal's
30. Consider the following two statements about the function f(x) = |x| P: f(x) is continuous for all real values of x Q: f(x) is differentiable for all real values of x Which of the following is TRUE? (a) P is true and Q is false (b) P is false and Q is true (c) Both P and Q are true (d) Both P and Q are false
[CS: GATE-2007]
f(x) is continuous for all real values of x Lim |x| = Lim |x| = 0 x 0+ x 0 as can be seen from graph of |x|. Lim f(x) = 1 x 0 and Lim f(x) = +1 as can be seen from graph of |x| x 0+ Left derivative Right derivative So |x| is continuous but not differentiable at x = 0.
x sin x equals x + cos x
31.
lim
[CS: GATE-2008]
(a) 1 (c)
31(a).
(b) 1 (d)
sin x sin x 1 lim x x = x cos x cos x 1+ 1 + lim x x x 1
As x y 0
Page 46 of 192
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1 1 1 lim y sin x 0 y 0 y y 10 = = = =1 1 1 1+0 1 + lim y cos 1 + lim y cos y 0 y 0 y y 1 lim y sin
32.
2n
[CS: GATE-2010]
(b) e2 (d) 1
1 lim 1 n n = e1
2n
n n 1 1 = lim 1 = lim 1 n n n n
( )
= e2
Page 47 of 192
S K Mondal's
6.
1.
The value of in the mean value of theorem of f(b) f(a) = (b-a) f ( ) for f(x) = Ax2 + Bx + C in (a, b) is [ME: GATE-1994] (b + a) (b a) (d) (a) b + a (b) b a (c) 2 2
2. Ans. (d) Since the position of rail engine S(t) is continuous and differentiable function, according to Lagranges mean value theorem t Where 0 t 8 such that S(8) S(0) S (t) = v (t) = 80 (280 0) m/sec = (8 0) 280 m/sec = 8
Page 48 of 192
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280 3600 kmph 8 1000 = 126 kmph Where v (t) is the velocity of the rail engine.
Page 49 of 192
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7.
1.
[EC: GATE-2005]
(a) 1 (c) 2
1.(a)
(b) (d) 2
e 2
0
2 z
dz
e
0
z 1/2
dz
dz (n) = e z zn 1dz,n > 0 0
e
0
1 1 2
=
=
1 1
(1 / 2 ) (1 / 2) =
=1
2.
The integral
sin
0
d is given by
[EC: GATE-2006]
(a)
1 2
(b)
2 3
Page 50 of 192
S K Mondal's
(c)
2. (c)
4 3
(d)
8 3
= 1 z2 dz =
1 1
(1 z ) dz
2 1
z3 3 = 2 1 z dz = 2 z = 2 (1 1 / 3 ) = 3 0 4 1
3.
The following plot shows a function y which varies linearly with x. The value of the integral I =
ydx
1
is
[EC: GATE-2007]
y 3 2 1 x
Here the points (0,1) and (-1,0) are on the time The equn of the line is 0 1 y 1 = (x 0) 1 0 y 1 = x y = x +1
x2 ydx = ( x + 1 ) dx = + x = 2.5 2 1 1 1
2 2 2
4.
[EC: GATE-2007]
Page 51 of 192
S K Mondal's
(a)
1 x2
(b) ex (d) e x
2
(c) x2
4. (d)
For a strictly bounded function f(x), limit should be finite 2 Here lim e x = (finite).
x
[ME: GATE-1994]
6. Ans.
y
0
1/2
.e y dy
3
1 6 = z .e z .z 3 dz 30 = = = 1 z 2 e z dz 3 0 1 z 2 1 e z dz 3 0
1 1
1 1 ( ) 3 2 1 = . 3 = 3
Page 52 of 192
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8.
( sin
a 0
x + sin 7 x ) dx is equal to
[ME: GATE-2005]
(d) Zero
( sin
a 0
x + sin7 x dx
= 2 sin 6 xdx.
sin x is odd function sin 6 x is even and sin7 x is odd function.
a 6 sin x = 2 sin xdx 0 a a a
and sin7 x = 0.
a
9.
1+ x
dx
is
[ME: GATE-2010]
(a)
(b) / 2
(c) / 2
(d)
9. (d)
dx 1 1 + x 2 = tan x = / 2 ( / 2 ) = .
10.
1 x dx
0
10. (d)
21.
[ME: GATE-2008]
(b) 0.67
Page 53 of 192
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21.(d)
=
=
0
1
dy dx + 1 dx
x + 1dx
= 1.22.
What is the value of the definite integral, (a) 0 (b) (b) a/2
x+ ax (c) a
0
dx ?
(d) 2a
[CE-2011]
Ans.
Exp. Let f ( x ) =
f (a x) =
We know
a
x x+ ax ax ax+ x
a
dx = I1 (say) dx = I2 (say)
f ( x )dx = f ( a x )dx
0 0
I1 = I2 = I (say) I1 = I2 =
a 0
x+ ax ax+ x
dx = dx = a
0
2I1 = a 2I = a a I= 2
11. If S = x 3 dx, then S has the value
1
[EE: GATE-2005]
(c)
1 2
(a)
1 3
(b)
1 4
(d) 1
11. (c)
Page 54 of 192
S K Mondal's
x 2 1 S = x dx = = 2 1 2 1
3
16
xe dx , is equal to
x 0
[EE: GATE-2010]
(c) e
(d) 1/e
16. (b)
P = xex dx = xex ex = 1
0 0 1 1
17.
x (t )
17. (d)
As e 0(finite) y(t) is bounded even if x(t) is not bounded.
17.
1
2
dx is
[IE: GATE-2005]
(a) 2
17. (b)
1
1
(c) 2
(d)
1
2
1 is not bounded. x2
Page 55 of 192
S K Mondal's
(1 + tan x) dx
0
(1 tan x)
[CS: GATE-2009] 1 ln 2 2
(a) 0
f (x) dx = 1=
f (a x) dx 1 tan x dx 1 + tan x
4 0
I=
4 0
tan 4 tan x 1 + tan tan x 4 dx tan 4 tan x 1 + tan tan x 4 1 tan x 1 1 + tan x dx 1 tan x 1+ 1 + tan x 2 tan x dx 2
tan x dx
4 0
4 0
= =
4 0
4 0
= [log(sec x)]
= ln sec ln(sec 0) 4
Page 56 of 192
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Page 57 of 192
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8.
Partial Derivatives
EC All GATE Questions
1. Consider the function f(x) = x2 x 2. The maximum value of f(x) in the closed interval [4, 4] is [EC: GATE-2007] (a) 18 (b) 10 (c) 2.25 (d) indeterminate 1.(a)
f (x) = x 2 x 2 f '(x) = 2x 1 1 f 1 (x) = 0 x = 4,4 2 Now f "(x) = 2 > 0 f (x)has minimum at x = 1 / 2 It Shows that a maximum value that will be at x = 4 or x = - 4 At x = 4, f (x) = 10 At x = 4, f (x) = 18 At x = 4, f (x) has a maximum.
2.
For real values of x, the minimum value of the function f(x) = exp (x) + exp (x) is [EC: GATE-2008] (a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 0.5 (d) 0 f (x) = ex + e x For extrema, f '(x) = 0 ex e x = 0 x = 0. f "(x) = ex e x f "(x) x =0 = 2 > 0
2. (a)
[EC: GATE-2010]
Page 58 of 192
S K Mondal's
3. (a)
1 x Take log both side 1 y = log x x For extrema, dy 1 1 = 0 2 2 log x = 0 dx x x Now d2y 1 = 3 <0 2 x =e dx e Max at x = e. ey = x
2 f at x = 2, y = 1? xy
(c) 1 (d) 1/In 2
[ME: GATE-2008]
(b) In 2
2f = ( y x 1 .x) = xy x 1 ln y + y x 1 xy x
2f =1 xdy (2,1)
6.
6.
7.
x2
d is dx
(b)
x
(a) 2x 2
Page 59 of 192
S K Mondal's
.
7. (a)
x2
(x) =
t dt =
2 3 x 3
d 2 2 = 3x = 2x 2 dx 3 [ME: GATE-2000]
8.
8. (a)
9. The function f(x) = x3- 6x2+ 9x+25 has (a) A maxima at x = 1 and a minima at x = 3 (b) A maxima at x = 3 and a minima at x = 1 (c) No maxima, but a minima at x = 3 (d) A maxima at x = 1, but not minima
[ME: GATE-1995]
9.(a)
= 6 < 0.
f "(x)
x =3
= 6 > 0.
(b) x = -1
(c) x = 0
1 (d) x = 3
Page 60 of 192
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f "(x) = 2x f "(1) = 2 > 0 and f ( 1) = 2 < 0 f has min value at x = 1 11. The function f(x,y) = 2x2 +2xy y3 has (a) Only one stationary point at (0,0) (b) Two stationary points at (0,0) and (1/6, -1/3) (c) Two stationary points at (0,0) and (1,-1) (d) No stationary point [ME: GATE-2002]
12.
[ME: GATE-2004]
12. (c)
(b) y = 3x +5
(c) 3y = x+15
m=
dy 1 = mm1 = 1 dx (0,5) 3
14.
The minimum value of function y = x2 in the interval [1, 5] is (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 25
14. (b)
Page 61 of 192
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23.
The distance between the origin and the point nearest to it on the surface z2 = 1 + xy is [ME: GATE=2009]
(a) 1
23. Ans(a)
(b)
3 2
(c) 3
(d) 2
15. (a)
16.
16. (a)
f (x, y) = 4x 2 + 6y 2 8x 4y + 8
Page 62 of 192
S K Mondal's
f f = 8x 8. = 12y 4. x y f f = 0 gives x = 1 and only = gives y = 1 / 3 x y (1,1 / 3 ) is only stationary point.
2f and s = =0 xdy (1,1/3) rt s2 = 96 > 6. (1,1 / 3 ) is a pointof minima. f (1,1 / 3 ) = 4 12 + 6 = 10 . 3 1 8.1 4.1 / 3 + 8 32
( )
)
cos x =1 2 x 2 cos x 0 lim 0 form x x 2 2 sin x [use LHospital Rule] lim x 1 2 = From (1), = 1 lim
x
(1) (2)
Page 63 of 192
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17. For the function f(x) = x2e-x, the maximum occurs when x is equal to [EE: GATE-2005] (a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) -1
17. (a)
18.
Consider function f(x) =(x2-4)2 where x is a real number. Then the function has [EE: GATE-2008] (a) Only one minimum (b) Only two minima (c) Three minima (d) Three maxima
18.(b)
f (x) = (x 2 4)2 f '(x) = 2(x 2 4).2x = 4x(x 2 4). For extrema,f '(x) = 0 x = 0, 2,2. f "(x) = 4(x 2 4) + 8x 2 = 12x 2 16 f "(x)x =0 = 16 < 0
19.
F ( x) = Ax 3 + Bx 2 + Cx + D
Page 64 of 192
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First max:
F ( x) = 3 Ax 2 + 2 Bx + C F '( x ) = 6 Ax + 2 B
F '''( x ) = 0
(c) nf
20. (e)
21.
f f +y = xf Eulers theorem for homogeneous function x y dy is equal to Given y = x2 + 2x + 10, the value of dx x = 1
x
[IE: GATE-2008]
(a) 0 (c) 12
21. (b)
(b) 4 (d) 13
Given,
y = x2 + 2x + 10
dy = 2x + 2 dx dy =4 dx x = 1
22.
esin x is ecos x
[IE: GATE-2007]
(b) e (d)
22(c).
y = esin x cos x
Page 65 of 192
S K Mondal's
Take log both side log y = cos x sin x 1 dy = cos x + sin x y dx dy = y(cos x + sin x) = esin x cos x (cos x + sin x) dx dy For extrema = 0gives. dx 3 tan x = 1 = tan = tan 4 4 3 x= 4 2 d y = e(sin x cos x ) .(cos x + sin x)2 + e(sin x cos x ) ( sin x + cos x) 2 dx
d2y dx2 3 = 2e x=
4
< 0. 3 4
23.
Consider the function y = x2 6x + 9. The maximum value of y obtained when x varies over the interval 2 to 5 is [IE: GATE-2008] (a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 9
y ' = 0 gives 2x 6 = 0 x =3 y "(x) = 2
23. (b)
24. A point on a curve is said to be an extremum if it is a local minimum or a local maximum. The number of distinct exterma for the curve 3x4 16x3 24x2 + 37 is [CS: GATE-2008] (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3 24.(d)
Page 66 of 192
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For extrema, f '(x) = 0gives 12x 3 48x 2 48x = 0 x(x 2 4x 4) = 0 x = 0,2 2 2 f (x) has three extrema po int s.
Page 67 of 192
S K Mondal's
9.
1.
Gradient
EC All GATE Questions
[EC: GATE-2006] (b) 2 P + ( P) (d) ( P) 2 P
1. (d) (formula)
2.
[EC: GATE-2006]
P dl P dl
(b) (d)
P dl P dv
1. Consider points P and Q in the x-plane, with P= (1, 0) and Q = (0, 1). The line integral
2 (xdx + ydy) along the semicircle with the line segment PQ as its diameter [EC: GATE-2008]
P
(a) Is 1 (b) is 0 (c) Is 1 d) depends on the direction (clockwise or anti-clockwise) of the semicircle
P (1, 0)
1 1
Then,
I = 2 (1 y) . ( dy) + 2 y dy
0 0
1 y2 y = 2 y + 2 0 2 2
=0
Page 68 of 192
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5.
The value of the integral of the function g(x, y) = 4x3 + 10y4 along the straight line segment from the point (0, 0) to the point (1, 2) in the x-y plane is [EC: GATE-2008]
(a) 33 (c) 40
5(a).
(b) 35 (d) 56
The equation of the line passing through (0,0) and (1,2) is y = 2x Given y ( x,y ) = 4x3 + 10y4 = 4x 3 + 10(2x)4 = 4x3 + 160xy I = 4x 3 + 160x 4 dx = 33.
0 1
3.
[ME:GATE-1998] The magnitude of the gradient of the function f = xyz3 at (1,0,2) is (a) 0 (b) 3 (c) 8 (d)
.f = i + j + k .xyz3 y z x 3 3 = yz i + xz j + 3xyz2 k
.f
(1,0,2)
3. (c)
= 8j = 8j = 8.
.f 4.
(1,0,2)
If V is a differentiable vector function and f is a sufficient differentiable scalar function, then curl ( (f V) is equal to [ME: GATE-1995]
(b) O
4.(a)
f v = f v + f ( v )
= ( gradf ) v + f (curl v)
( ) ( )
5.
The expression curl (grad f), where f is a scalar function, is (b) Equal to div (grad f) (a) Equal to 2 f (c) A scalar of zero magnitude (d) A vector of zero magnitude
[ME: GATE-1996]
5. (d)
Page 69 of 192
S K Mondal's
i .f = x f x k z f z
j y f y
( )
f 2f 2f 2f 2f 2f = i j j + k yz yz xz xz xy xy =0 6. The temperature field in a body varies according to the equation T(x,y) = x3+4xy. The direction of fastest variation in temperature at the point (1,0) is given by (a) 3i + 8j (b) i (c) 0.6i + 0.8j (d) 0.5i + 0.866j [ME: GATE-1997]
Direction of fastest variation in temperature at (1,0) is given by (3i + 4j) or 0.6i + 0.8j
7.
If the velocity vector in a two dimensional flow field is given by v = 2xyi + (2y 2 x 2 )j, the vorticity vector, curl v will be (a) 2y 2 j (b) 6y j (c) zero [ME: GATE-1999]
(d) -4xk
7. (d)
i j V = x y 2 2xy 2y x 2 k = ( 2x 4x ) k 0 = 4xk 0 [ME: GATE-2001]
Page 70 of 192
S K Mondal's
(a) i + j + k (b) 3 (c) 0 (d) 1
8. (b)
F = i + + k . xi + yj + zk x y z =1 +1 +1 = 3 9.
)
[ME: GATE-2003]
The cector field F = xi y j (where i and j are unit vector) is (a) Divergence free, but not irrotational is (b) Irrotational, but not divergence free (c) Divergence free and irrotational (d) Neither divergence free nor irrotational
9. (c).
F = i + j+ k . xi yj y z x = 1 1 = 0 F is devergence free
i F = x x
j y y
k =0 z 0
F is irrotational vector.
10. The divergence of the vector ( x y )i + ( y x ) j + ( x + y + z ) k is (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2
(d) 3
10.(d)
11. The divergence of the vector field 3 xzi + 2 xy j yz 2 k at a point (1 ,1,1) is equal to (a) 7 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 0 [ME: GATE-2009]
11. (c)
F = 3z + 2x 2yz F (1,1,1) = 3.1 + 2.1 2.1.1 = 3.
12. Velocity vector of a flow field is given as V (1, 1, 1) is
= 2 xyi x 2 zj .
[ME: GATE-2010]
Page 71 of 192
S K Mondal's
j (a) 4i
12. (d)
(b) 4i k
(c) i 4 j
(d) i 4k
k = x 2 i + 0 + k ( 2xz 2x ) z 0 0
13. Among the following, the pair of vectors orthogonal to each other is [ME: GATE-1995] (a) [3,4,7], [3,4,7] (b) [0,0,0], [1,1,0] (c) [1,0,2], [0,5,0] (d) [1,1,1], [-1,-1,-1]
13. (c) Let a,b be two vector st a.b = 0. Then we say that they are orthogonal. Choice (c) is correct.
14. The angle between two unit-magnitude co-planar vectors P (0.866, 0.500, 0) and Q (0.259, 0.966, 0) will be [ME: GATE-2004] 0 0 0 (b) 30 (c) 45 (d) 600 (a) 0
14. (c)
cos = P.Q P Q =
= 0.707.
= 45 15.The area of a triangle formed by the tips of vectors a, b, and c is
(b)
1 (a b) (a c ) 2 1 (d) (a b).c 2
15.(b)
16. In a flow field in x, y-plane, the variation of velocity with time t is given by v v = (x 2 + yt)i
v = (x 2 + y 2 )i
[ME: GATE-1999]
Page 72 of 192
S K Mondal's
The acceleration of the particle in this field, occupying point (1,1) at time t = 1 will be (a) i (b) 2i (c) 3i (d) 5i
=(22+0+0+1)i=5i
17. The maximum value of the directional derivative of the function = 2x 2 + 3y 2 + 5z2 at a point (1,1,-1) is [ME:GATE-2000] (d) 152 (a) 10 (b) -4 (c) 152
17. (c)
18.
(1,11)
= 42 + 62 + ( 10 ) = 152
2
The directional derivative of the scalar function f(x, y, z) = x2 + 2y2 + z at the point P = (1,1, 2) in the direction of the vector a = 3i 4 j is (a) 4 (b) -2 (c) -1 [ME: GATE-2008] (d) 1
18.(b)
a 3i 4j 1 1 = 2i + 4j + k . 3i 4j = = = 3i 4j . 2 5 5 a 32 + ( 4 )
) (
1 ( 6 16 ) 5
Page 73 of 192
S K Mondal's
= 2.
19. If A = xya x + x 2 a y then
A dl
c
(a) 0
(b)
2 3
(c) 1
(d) 2 3
19. (a)
[ME: GATE-2005] (b) Is zero (d) Cannot be determined without specifying the path
V .d r = [2 xyzi + x z j + x
2
yk ].(dxi + dy j + dzk )
= (2 xyzdx + x 2 zdy +x 2 ydz ) Along the line joining (0, 0, 0) to the po int (1,1,1) is given by the parametric form by x = t , y = t, z = t Then
2 2 V .d r = (2t.t.tdt + t .tdt + t .tdt ) 0 1
1 = 4t 3 dt = 4. = 1 4 0
24. The area enclosed between the curves y2 = 4x and X2= 4y is [ME: GATE-2009]
16 (a) 3
(b) 8
32 (c) 3
Page 74 of 192
(d) 16
S K Mondal's
24. (a)
Let y2 = 4x x = 4y
Area = ( y1 y 2 ) dx
0 4 x2 16 = 4x dx = 0 4 3 4
x2 = 4y (4,4)
(4,0)
y2 = 4x
25.
Stokes theorem connects (a) A line integral and a surface integral (b) A surface integral and a volume integral (c) A line integral and a volume integral (d) Gradient of a function and its surface integral
[ME: GATE-2005]
25. (a)
27. The Gauss divergence theorem relates certain (a) Surface integrals to volume integrals (b) Surface integrals to line integrals (c) Vector quantities to other vector quantities (d) Line integrals to volume integrals [ME: GATE-2001]
27. (a)
Page 75 of 192
S K Mondal's
4. For the function = ax 2 y - y3 to represent the velocity potential of an ideal fluid 2 should be equal to zero. In that case, the value of a has to be: [ME: GATE-1999] (a) -1 (b) 1 (c) -3 (d) 3
4. (d)
= ax 2 y y3
2 2 = 2ay and 2 = 6y x 2 y 2 2 2 = 2 + 2 = 2ay 6y x y 2 = 0 a = 3.
If a and b are two arbitrary vectors with magnitudes a and b, respectively a b will be equal to (a) a2b2 a.b
( )
(b) ab a.b
( )
(d) ab + a.b
[CE-2011]
Ans. Exp.
(a)
a b = a b sin n
= ab sin n
[Taking p = P ]
ab = ab
= a2b2 ( ab cos )
( )
28.
For a scalar function f(x, y, z) = x2 + 3y2 + 2z2, the gradient at the point P (1, 2, 1) is (a) 2 i + 6 j + 4 k (c) 2 i + 12 j + 4 k
(b) 2 i + 12 j 4 k (d)
56
Page 76 of 192
S K Mondal's
28. (b)
f
(1,2,1)
= 2i + 12j 4k
29.
The inner (dot) product of two vectors P and Q is zero. The angle (degrees) between the two vectors is [CE: GATE 2008] (a) 0 (b) 30 (c) 90 (d) 120
29. (c)
30.
If P, Q and R are three points having coordinates (3, 2, 1), (1, 3, 4), (2, 1, 2) in XYZ space, then the distance from point P to plane OQR (O being the origin of the coordinate [CE: GATE 2003] system) is given by (a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 7 (d) 9
30. (a)
x 0 y0 z0 1 3 4 =0 2 1 2 2x 2y + z = 0 (i)
31.
For a scalar function f(x, y, z) = x2 + 3y2 + 2z2, the directional derivative at the point P(1, 2, 1) in the direction of a vector i j + 2 k is (a) 18 (c) 3 6 (b) 3 6 (d) 18
31. (b)
Same as Q.18.
Page 77 of 192
S K Mondal's
32.
(xydy y dx),
2 c
the lines x = 1 and y = 1 will be (Use Greens theorem to change the line integral into [CE: GATE 2005] double integral) 1 (a) (b) 1 2 3 5 (d) (c) 2 3
( Mdx + Ndy ) = x
Here
( xydy y dx )
2
xy
M dxdy y
) dxdy
=
1
x =0 y =0
( y + 2y ) dxdy
1 0
= dx 3ydy
0
3 2
[EE: GATE-2005]
(a) (c)
9 2 9 (d) 2
(b)
34. (c)
j u u = i + y x 2 = xi + yj 3
(1,3)
= i + 2j
Page 78 of 192
S K Mondal's
u = 5 = 12 + 22
(1,3)
35.
Let x and y be two vectors in a 3 dimensional space and <x, y> denote their dot product. < x, y > < x, x > Then the determinant det [EE: GATE-2007] < y, x > < y, y > (a) is zero when x and y are linearly independent (b) is positive when x and y are linearly independent (c) is non-zero for all non-zero x and y (d) is zero only when either x or y is zero
x.y x.x = y .y y .x
x.y y .y
46.
A sphere of unit radius is centered at the origin. The unit normal at a point (x, y, z) on the surface of the sphere is the vector [IE: GATE-2009] 1 1 1 , , (a) (x, y, z) (b) 3 3 3 y z x y z x , , , , (d) (b) 2 2 2 3 3 3
46. (b)
47. If a vector R(t) has a constant magnitude, then
dR =0 (a) R dt
[IE: GATE-2005]
dR =0 (b) R dt
dR (c) R R dt
dR (d) R R = dt
47. (a)
Let
i.e.,
S K Mondal's
d R(t) On analysing the given (a) option, we find that R(t) . will give constant magnitude, so first dt
15. F ( x, y ) = x 2 + xy ax + y 2 + xy a y . Its line integral over the straight line from (x,y) = (0,2) to (x, y) = (2,0) evaluates to (a) 8 (b) 4
15. (d)
(c ) 8
x 2 + x(2 x) dx + y 2 + y(2 y) dy
0 2
= 0.
Page 80 of 192
S K Mondal's
10.
Multiple Integrals
EC All GATE Questions ME 20 Years GATE Questions
2.
A triangle ABC consists of vertex points A (0,0) B(1,0) and C(0,1). The value of the integral 2x dxdy over the triangle is
(a) 1
(b)
1 3
(c)
1 8
(d)
1 9
[ME: GATE-1997]
2xdxdy =2 =2
x =0
{
1
1 x
y =0 1
xdy dx
x =0
x. (1 x ) dx = 2 x x 2 dx
0
1 1 1 = 2 = 2 3 3
B(0,1)
A(1,0)
Page 81 of 192
S K Mondal's
/2 /2
3.
sin(x+y) dx dy is (b)
2
(a) 0
3. (d)
2 0 0
sin(x + y)dxdy
0 0 0
=1.1 + 1.1 = 2 4. The area enclosed between the parabala y = x 2 and the straight line y = x is [ME: GATE-2003] (a) 1/8 (b) 1/6 (c) 1/3 (d)
4. (b)
Area = =
(x
1 0
x dx
1 1 1 = units. 3 2 6
y = x2 y=x
(1,1)
5.
r
0 0
/3
sin dr d d
(a)
3
2 0
(b)
(c)
2 3
(d)
V=
3 0
r 2 sin drd.d.
Page 82 of 192
S K Mondal's
= 0 r 2d0 d0 3 sin d
1 = .2 cos 0 3 3 1 = .2. 1 2 3 = . 3
5. Ans. (a)
2 /3 1
V= =
r
0 0 0
2 /3 1 2
sin .dr.d.d,
2
sin .d.d,
0 0 2
1 1 1 1 /3 [1 cos ]0 d, = 3 2 d = 6 2 = 3 2 0 0
[ME: GATE-2005]
6.
f ( x, y )dydx leads to I =
r
xp
f ( x, y)dxdy.
(c) x
What is q? (d) 8
(a) 4 y
6. Ans. (a)
When
(b) 16 y2
I=
8 2
0 x/ 4
f(x.y)dx dy
Page 83 of 192
S K Mondal's
Figure
I=
2 4Y 0 0
f(x.y)dx dy
7.
By a change of variable x (u, y) = uv, y (u, v) = v/u is double integral, the integrand f(x, y) [ME: GATE-2005] changes to f(uv, v/u) (u,v). Then, (u, v) is 2 (d) 1 (a) 2 u/v (b) 2 uv (c) v
7. Ans. (a)
x =v u x =u v y v = 2 and u u x u and (u,v)= y u
y 1 = v u x v y v v = v 2 u u 1 u = v v 2v + = u u u
8.
The right circular cone of largest volume that can be enclosed by a sphere of 1 m radius has a height of [ME: GATE-2005] 2 2 (d) 4/3 m (a) 1/3 m (b) 2/3 m (c) m 3
8. Ans. (c)
9.
xydxdy ?
P
Page 84 of 192
S K Mondal's
1 P 0
1 (a) 6
9. (a)
x y + =1 2 1 x + 2y = 2
2 (b) 9
Figure 7 (c) 16
(d) 1
[ME: GATE-2008]
Area =
2
2 x 2 y =0 xydy dx x =0
2
y2 2 1 2 x dx = x 4 4x + x 2 dx x =0 2 8 0 0
2x
= =
1 x4 4 3 2 x + 2x 8 4 3 0
1 4 4 3 .8 + 8 8 1 = 6
(0,1)
A(2,0)
11.
S K Mondal's
(a) / 4
11. Ans. (d)
(b) / 2
(c)3 / 4
(d)3 / 2
y dy
2
y1 =
x,
y2 = x
2
2 x2 3 v = xdx = = 2 2 1 1
22.
A path AB in the form of one quarter of a circle of unit radius is shown in the figure. Integration of (x + y)2 on path AB traversed in a counterclockwise sense is [ME: GATE-2009]
Y B
Figure
(a)
-1
(b)
+1
(c)
(d) 1
22. (b)
( x + y )
Path AB
2
dxdy
(1 + sin 2 ) d
= + 1. 2
Page 86 of 192
S K Mondal's
Y
r.
Q O X
7.
Using definite integrals find the area of the region bounded by the curves y = x2 + 2 [ME: GATE-1995] y=x x=0 and x=3 Also sketch the region bounded by these curves. OABC be the region.
y=x +2 B
2
7.
(3,0)
12.
What is the area common to the circles r = a and r = 2a cos ? (a) 0.524 a2 (b) 0.614 a2
Page 87 of 192
S K Mondal's
(c) 1.047 a2
12. Ans. (d) Area common to circles r = a And r = 2a cos is 1.228 a2
(d) 1.228 a2
13.
(6 x y) dx dy
0 0
3 x
13.(a)
( 6 x y ) dxdy
0 0
x =0
y =0
( 6 x y ) dy
} dx
3 y2 = 6y xy dx 0 2 2 3 3x = 6x dx 0 2
x3 27 27 = 3x 2 = 27 = = 13.5 2 0 2 2
14.
A parabolic cable is held between two supports at the same level. The horizontal span between the supports is L. The sag at the mid-span is h. The equation of the parabola is y = 4 h
x2 , where L2
x is the horizontal coordinate and y is the vertical coordinate with the origin at the centre of the cable. The expression for the total length of the cable is (a)
1 + 64
hx dx L4 h2x 2 dx L4
(b) 2 1 + 64
0 L 2
L 2
h3 x 2 dx L4 h2x2 dx L4
(c)
L 2
1 + 64
(d) 2
1 + 64
Page 88 of 192
S K Mondal's
and y = h at x =
L 2
L 2 0
( Length of cable ) =
8hx 1 + 2 dx L
Length of cable
= 2 2 1 + 64
o L
h2 x 2 dx L4
(a)
0 H
R 2 (1 h / H )2 dr
2 r H (1 r / R )dh
(b) (d)
0
R
R 2 (1 h / H )2 dh
r 2 r H 1 dr R
2
(c)
variable is r in these two. By integrating ( d) , we get 1 2 r H, which is volume of cone. 3 16. A surface S(x,y)=2x+5y-3 is integrated once over a path consisting of the points that satisfy ( x + 1)2 + ( y 1)2 = 2 . The integral evaluates to [EE: GATE-2006] (a) 17 2 (c) 2 / 17
16. Ans. (d)
(b) 17 / 2 (d) 0
18.
f ( x, y )
2
( x, y ) [0,1] [0,1] .
[EE: GATE-2009]
Page 89 of 192
S K Mondal's
y=1
y=1 x= y
(a)
y=0 x= y2
f ( x, y) dxdy
y=1 x=1 y=0 x=0
(b)
y=x2 x=y2
f ( x, y) dxdy
y= x x= y
x=1
f ( x, y) dxdy
(d)
y
(c)
y=0
f ( x, y) dxdy
x=0
18. (a)
volume
y =0
x = y2
f (x, y)dxdy
x2 >y
y2 >x
y2 = 4x
19.
e
0 0
x2
e y dx dy is
[IE: GATE-2007]
(a) (c)
19. (d)
I=
0
(b) (d)
4
x y x y e e dxdy = e dx e dy
2 2 2 2
e x dx =
1 z 1 2 1 z 1 1 1 1 0 e z dz = 2 0 e z 2 dz = 2 ( 2 ) = 2 2
Page 90 of 192
S K Mondal's
2
e y dy =
2
I =
. 4
Page 91 of 192
S K Mondal's
11.
1.
Fourier Series
EC All GATE Questions
Choose the function f(t); < t < , for which a Fourier series cannot be defined. [EC: GATE-2005]
The Fourier series of a real periodic function has only P. cosine terms if it is even Q. sine terms if it is even R. cosine terms if it is odd S. sine terms if it is odd Which of the above statements are correct? (a) P and S (b) P and R (c) Q and S (d) Q and R
(a) Only cosine terms and zero value for the dc component (b) Only cosine terms and a positive value for the dc component (c) Only cosine terms and a negative value for the dc component (d) Only sine terms and a negative for the dc component
3. (c) From figure its an even function. so only cosine terms are present in the series and for DC value,
Page 92 of 192
S K Mondal's
1 T2 f (t)dt T T 2 T 2 T 1 T4 4 = ' 2Adt + T Adt + 2Adt T T 2 4 T 4 1 T T T T T T = 2A + + A + 2A T 4 2 4 4 2 4
So =
= =
1 T AT 2AT 2A. 4 + 2 4 T 1 AT T 2
A = 2
5.
[EC: GATE-2007]
(b) 1 x (d) e2
f(x) = f(x 0 ) + = e2
(x 2)2 2 e2 + 2 x + e + ........ = 2 = (3 x ) e2
Page 93 of 192
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sin x 3 = x 3
x 9 x15 x 21 + + ..... 3! 5! 7!
7.
In the Taylor series expansion of exp(x) + sin(x) about the point x = , the coefficient of (x )2 is [EC: GATE-2008]
7. (b)
Let f (x) = ex + sin x Taylor ' s series is
f "(a)
(x ) +
2!
2
f " ( ) .
cofficient of ( x ) is
2
f " ( )
8.
[EC: GATE-2009]
(a) 1 +
(b) 1
8. (d) We know.
sin x = x x3 x 5 x7 + + ...... 3! 5! 7!
sin ( x ) = ( x )
( x )
3!
2
(x ) +
5!
4
(x )
7!
6
+ .......
( x ) + ( x ) ( x ) + ....... sin x =1 x 3! 5! 7!
Page 94 of 192
S K Mondal's
( x ) ( x ) + ( x ) ........ sin x = 1 + x 3! 5! 7!
2 4 6
1. The function x(t) is shown in the figure. Even and odd parts of a unit-step function u(t) are respectively, [EC: GATE-2005]
x(t) 1 0 1 t
(a)
1. Ans.(a)
1 1 , x(t) 2 2
1 1 (b) , x(t) 2 2
u(t) + u( t) 2
(c)
1 1 , x(t) 2 2
1 1 (d) , x(t) 2 2
i.e.,
Page 95 of 192
S K Mondal's
, the sum of the series (cos x)2n = cos 2 x + cos 4 x + ........is 6 1 (b) 3 (c) (d) 1
9.
For x =
n =0
[ME: GATE-1998]
( cos x )
At x =
2n
, 6 n =0
( cos x 6 )
= cos2
11.
In the Taylor series expansion of ex about x = 2, the coefficient of (x - 2)4 is (a) 1/4! (b) 24/4! (c) e2/4! (d) e4/4! [ME: GATE-2008]
f n (a) where bn = n!
b4 =
f 4 (2) 4!
e4 4!
12.
1 1 1 + + + ... is 2 3 4
[ME: GATE-1997]
(a)
(b) infinity
(c) 4
(d)
2 4
12. Ans. ()
The Fourier series expansion of a symmetric and even function, f(x) where
Page 96 of 192
S K Mondal's
n =1
2x , 2x = 1 ,
x0 0x
(b) (d)
n =1
4 (1 cos n ) n2 4 (1 + sin n ) n2
4 (1 sin n ) n2
n =1
14. (b) f(x) is symmetric and even, its Fourier series contain only cosine term. Now.
an = = 2 2x 1 cos nxdx 0
15.
5 8 11 + + + .......... is 2 22 23
15. (d)
Let S = 2 + x. 5 8 11 were x = + 2 + 3 + ....... (i) 2 2 2 1 5 8 11 x = 2 + 3 + 4 + ....... (ii) 2 2 2 2 Apply (i) (ii) we get. 1 5 8 5 11 8 14 11 x x= + 2 + + + ..... 2 2 2 23 24 x 5 3 3 3 = + 2 + 3 + 4 + .... 2 2 2 2 2
Page 97 of 192
S K Mondal's
2 x 5 22 5 3 = + = + =4 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 x = 8 S = 2 + 8 = 10.
Ans. (b) Exp. from the figure, we can say that f(t) is an symmetric and even function of t. as cost is even function so choice (b) is correct.
16. Fourier series for the waveform, f (t) shown in fig. is
[EE: GATE-2002]
F(t) 1
(a)
-1
16.(c) From the figure, we say f (x) is even functions. so choice (c) is correct.
17. The Fourier series for the function f(x)=sin2x is (a) sinx+sin2x (b) 1-cos2x
Page 98 of 192
[EE: GATE-2005]
S K Mondal's
17. (d) Here f (x) = sin2 x is even function, hence f(x) has no sine term. Now, a0 =
f (x) =
2 2 0 sin xdx. = 0 (1 cos 2x ) dx = 1. we know
18.
X(t) is a real valued function of a real variable with period T. Its trigonometric Fourier Series expansion contains no terms of frequency = 2 (2k ) / T ; k = 1, 2,.... Also, no sine terms are present. Then x(t) satisfies the equation [EE: GATE-2006] (a) x ( t ) = x(t T ) (d) x ( t ) = x(t T ) = x ( t T / 2 ) (b) x ( t ) = x(T t ) = x ( t ) (c) x ( t ) = x(T t ) = x ( t T / 2 )
x (t ) =
of
periodic are
signal
(t), given
expressed
as by
k =
19. (a)
S K Mondal's
20.
n =1
{a
[IE: GATE-2010]
(c)
(d) 2
20. (a). From the figure, we say that , f(x) is odd function.
a0 = 2 T0
f (x)dx = 0.
21.
(a) 8
21. Ans.(c)
(b) 6
(c) 8
25.
x3 x5 x7 + ....... converges to 3! 5! 7!
[IE: GATE-2010]
S K Mondal's
For f (x) = sin x. f '(x) = cos x, f "(x) = sin x, f '''(x) = cos x,........ f (0) = 0, f '(0) = 1, f "(0) = 0 f '''(0) = 1,..........
f (x) = x x3 x5 + = sin x 3! 5!
S K Mondal's
12.
Differential Equations
Previous Years GATE Questions EC All GATE Questions
[EC: GATE-2005]
(c) 3
3. A solution of the following differential equation is given by d2y dy + 6y = 0 5 dx dx 2 (b) y = e2x + e3x (a) y = e2x + e3x 2x + e3x (c) y = e (d) y = e2x + e3x 4. For the differential equation
(i) y = 0 for x = 0, and [EC: GATE-2006] (ii) y = 0 for x = a The form of non-zero solutions of y (where m varies over all integers) are (a) y = (c) y =
A m sin
m
m x a
(b) y = (d) y =
2
A m cos
m
mx a
A
m
m a
A
m
mx a
S K Mondal's
d 2 n( x ) n( x ) 2 = 0 where L is a constant. The dx 2 L boundary conditions are: n(0)=K and n( ) = 0. The solution to this equation is [EC: GATE-2010] (b) n(x) = K exp( x / L ) (a) n(x) = K exp(x/L)
10.
(a) y =
(c) cex
1 x+c
S K Mondal's
11.
If x 2
(a) e
(a) (1+x)e + x
(b) (1+x)e x
(a) x (b) x 1 (c) x < 1, x>1 (d) 2 x 2 dy 6 14. The solution of x + y = x 4 with the condition y(1)= is dx 5 4 4 x 1 4x 4 x4 (a) y= + (b) y= + (c) y= +1 5 x 5 5x 5
15. Solve for y, if
d2 y dy +2 + y = 0; with y(0) = 1 and y(0)= - 2 2 dt dt
13. The solution of dy/dx = y2 with initial value y (0) = 1 bounded in the interval [ME: GATE-2007] [ME: GATE-2009]
(d) y=
x5 +1 5
[ME:GATE-1994] [ME: GATE-1995]
16. The solution to the differential equation f(x)+4f(x)+4f(x)=0 is (a) f1(x) = e-2x (c) f1(x) = e-2x, f2(x) = xe-2x
(b) f1(x) = e2x, f2(x) = e-2x (d) f1(x) = e-2x, f2(x) = e-x d2 y dy 17. The general solution of the differential equation x 2 = 2 x + y = 0 is dx dx (a) Ax + Bx2 (A, B are constants) [ME: GATE-1998] (b) Ax + B log x (A, B are constants) (A, B are constants) (c) Ax + Bx2 log x (d) Ax + Bx log x (A, B are constants) 18.
d2 y dy [ME: GATE-1999] + (x 2 + 4x) + y = x8 8 2 dx dx The above equation is a (a) Partial differential equation (b) Nonlinear differential equation (c) Non-homogeneous differential equation (d) Ordinary differential equation
[ME: GATE-2000]
d2y dy + p + qy = 0 is y = c1e x + c2 e x 2 dx dx
[ME: GATE-2005]
S K Mondal's
(b) p = 3, q = 4
(c) p=4,q=3
(d) p = 4, q = 4
d2y dy + p + (q + 1) = 0? 2 dx dx
(b) x e-x
23. Given that x + 3 x = 0, and x(0)=1, x (0) = 0 what is x(1)? (a) -0.99 (b) -0.16 (c) 0.16
[ME: GATE-2008] (d) 0.99 [ME: GATE-2008] (d) 1.13 [ME: GATE-2010]
24. It is given that y" + 2y' + y = 0, y(0) = 0, y(1)=0. What is y (0.5)? (a) 0 (b) 0.37 (c) 0.62
[ME: GATE-2007]
+ + + = 0 has x 2 y 2 x y
2 2
(d) 3 and 1
S K Mondal's
(b) ln (y) =
x3 (d) y = e 3
31. Biotransformation of an organic compound having concentration (x) can be modelled using an dx + kx 2 = 0, where k is the reaction rate constant. If x = a at ordinary differential equation dt [CE: GATE 2004] t = 0, the solution of the equation is 1 1 (b) = + kt (c) x = a (1 ekt) (d) x = a + kt (a) x = aekt x a dy 32. The solution of the differential equation, x 2 + 2 xy x + 1 = 0, given that at x = 1, y = 0 is dx [CE: GATE 2006] 1 1 1 1 1 1 (a) + (b) 2 x 2 x2 2 x 2 x2 1 1 1 1 1 1 (c) + + (d) + + 2 2 x 2x 2 x 2 x2 dy + p(t) y = q (t)yn ; n > 33. Transformation to linear form by substituting v = y1 n of the equation dt 0 will be [CE: GATE 2005] dv dv (a) (b) + (1 n) pv = (1 n) q + (1 n) pv = (1 + n) q dt dt dv dv (c) + (1 + n) pv = (1 n) q (d) + (1 + n) pv = (1 + n) q dt dt 34. A spherical naphthalene ball exposed to the atmosphere loses volume at a rate proportional to its instantaneous surface area due to evaporation. If the initial diameter of the ball is 2 cm and the diameter reduces to 1 cm after 3 months, the ball completely evaporates in [CE: GATE 2006] (a) 6 months (b) 9 months (c) 12 months (d) infinite time 35. A body originally at 60C cools down to 40C in 15 minutes when kept in air at a temperature of 25C. What will be the temperature of the body at the end of 30 minutes? [CE: GATE 2007] (a) 35.2 C (b) 31.5 C (c) 28.7 C (d) 15 C 36. Solution of
dy x = at x = 1 and y = dx y 2 = 2 (a) x y
3 is
(b) x + y2 = 4
S K Mondal's
(c) x2 y2 = 2
37. Solution of the differential equation 3 y
(d) x2 + y2 = 4 dy + 2 x = 0 represents a family of dx [CE: GATE 2009] (b) circles (d) hyperbolas
39. Match each differential equation in Group I to its family of solution curves from Group II. [CE: GATE-2009] Group I Group II dy y P. = 1. Circles dx x dy y = 2. Straight lines Q. dx x dy x R. = 3. Hyperbolas dx y dy x = S. dx y Codes: P 2 2 Q 3 1 R 3 3 S 1 3 P 1 3 Q 3 2 R 2 1 S 1 2
(a) (c)
(b) (d)
d2y dy dy x +2 + 17 y = 0; y (0) = 1, = 0 in the range 0 < x < is given by 2 dx 4 dx 4 dx [CE: GATE 2005] 1 1 (a) e x cos 4 x + sin 4 x (b) ex cos 4 x sin 4 x 4 4 1 1 (d) e4x cos 4 x sin 4 x (c) e4x cosx sin x 4 4 d2 y + y = 0 is dx 2 (a) y = P cos x + Q sin x (c) y = P sin x
[CE: GATE 2008]
(a) x t = x
kz kx
S K Mondal's
kx kz kz kx
(c) x t = x
(d) x t = x
d2 y dy + 6 y = 0 is dx 2 dx
[CE: GATE 2010]
(a) y = c1e
(c) y = c1e
3x
+ c2e
2x
2x
(b) y = c1e
3x
3x
+ c2e
2x
3x
+ c2e
(d) y = c1e
+ c 2 e2x
45. The partial differential equation that can be formed from z = ax + by + ab has the form z z [CE: GATE 2010] with p = x and q = y (a) z = px + qy (b) z = px + pq (c) z = px + qy + pq (d) z = qy + pq Q30.
2 x + 2 3x 3
(b) y =
2 1 + 2 2x
= elog x = x
Solution is xy = x2dx + C
x3 +C 3 Given y (1) = 1,
xy =
from (1): c = xy =
(1)
2 3
x3 2 + 3 3 2 x3 y= + 3x 3
S K Mondal's
[EE: GATE-2005]
(a) X ( t ) = x0 e 3t (d) X ( t ) = x0 e 1 (b) X ( t ) = x0 e 3 (c) X ( t ) = x0 e 1/3
d 2x dx + 6 + 8x = 0 2 dt dt
dx = 0 , the solution is dt t =0
(b) x (t) = 2e-2t e-4t (d) x (t) = e--2t e-4t
[EE: GATE-2010]
Q13.
With K as constant, the possible solution for the first order differential equation is
dy = e3x dx
1 (b) e3x + K 3
(c) 3e3x + K
(d) 3e x + K [EE-2011]
dy = 1 + y2. Which one of the following can be a dx particular solution of this differential equation? [IE: GATE-2008]
(a) y = tan (x + 3) (c) x = tan (y + 3) (b) y = tan x + 3 (d) x = tan y + 3
S K Mondal's
22. The boundary-value problem yn + y = 0, y(0) = y() = 0 will have non-zero solutions if and only [IE: GATE-2007] if the values of are (a) 0, 1, 2, .. (b) 1, 2, 3, .. (c) 1, 4, 9, (d) 1, 9, 25, 22 Ans. (c)
Differential Equation
d2y dy 1. Ans. (b) 3 2 + 4 + y 2 + 2 = x dt dt Order of highest derivative = 2 Hence, most appropriate answer is (b)
3
2. Ans. (b) The order of a differential equation is the order of the highest derivative involving in equation, so answer is 2. 3. (b) Let y = mx be the trial sol n of the given differental equation The corrosponding auxiliary equation is m2 5m + 6 = 0 m = 2,3
y = c1e2x + c 2e3x
4. (a)
Here y = c1 cos kx + c2 sin kx ........... (1) be the solution of the given differential equation. Now use boundary conditions gives c1 = 0. Equation (1) becomes For x = 0,y = 0
S K Mondal's
y = c 2 sin kx ........(2) For x = a,y = 0 given, c2 sin ka = 0. If c 2 = 0 then (2) becomes y = 0, so it gives trival solution. So take sin ka = 0 sin ka = sin n, = 0,1,2,....... ka = n n k= a n x y = c 2 sin be the solution, n = 0,1,2,3....... a
6. (b)
m = 3
7.(d)
Hints : 1 m2 2 = 0 L
x
m=
x
1 L
(1)
y = Ke
x L
8. (b)
Hints : m = 5. y = c1e5t
Given y(0) = 1 C1 = 1
Hence y = e5t
9. Ans. True
10. (a)
Given differential equation is dy dy + y 2 = 0 2 = dx dx y Integra ling we get
S K Mondal's
1 = x + c y 1 1 y= = x c x + c1
11. (d)
dy 2 ln x + 2xy = (i) dx x dy 2 2 ln x + y= . dx x x3 It is linear differential equation. x2 I.F. = e = x2 Multiplying I.F both side of (i) then we get 2 ln x d(yx 2 ) = x Integrating we get 2 ( ln x ) + c ln x yx 2 = 2 dx + c = 2 x 2 Using boundary condition y(1) = 0 we get C=0 x dx
2
x2 1 y(e) = 2 e
( ln x ) y=
[ ln e = 1]
12 (b)
Solution is y = (1 + x ) e x
13 (c)
dy = y2 dx Integrating, dy 2 = dx y 1 =x+c y Given
yex = e x ex dx + c = x + c
2 2 2
2
At x = 0, y = 1, gives c = 1
S K Mondal's
y=
Equation(1) gives, 1 =
y=
14.(d)
dy + y = x4 dx dy y + = x3 dx x Which is 1st order linear differential equation. Given x I.F = e
x dx
=x
x5 +c 5
Let y = emx (m 0) be the trial sol n of the given equation. Auxiliary equation is m2 + 2m + 1 = 0 ( m + 1) = 0 m = 1, 1.
2
S K Mondal's
(m + 2) = 0
2
The given homogeneous differential equation reduces to d D(D 1) D + 1 = 0, Where D = dz D = 1,1 y = ( c1 + c2z ) ez = ( c1 + c2logx ) x. = c1x + c2 (x log x)
18.(c) 19.
1 x 3 3 y = e 2 c1 cos x + c 2 sin x 2 2
20. (c)
Then m2 + pm + q = ( m + 1)( m + 3 )
m2 + pm + q = m 2 + 4m + 3 p = 4 and q = 3
21. (c)
Here p = 4 and q = 3.The given equation becomes d2y dy +4 + 4y = 0 (i) 2 dx dx Now solution of (i) is y = ( c1 + c2 x ) e2x solutions are e2x and xe2x
22. (b)
P.I. =
3e2x e2x = 15 5
S K Mondal's
23. (d)
m2 + 3 = 0
Auxiliary equation is m2 + 2m + 1 = 0 m = 1, 1 solution y = ( c1 + c2 x ) e x U sin g boundary condition y(0) = 0 and y(1) = 0 we get y = 0
25. (b) f is non linear. 26. (a) 27. (b) 29. (a) 30. (d)
31.(b)
dx + Kx 2 = 0 dt dx 2 = Kdt x Integrating, we get 1 = Kt + c x At t = 0,x = a, solution is c= 1 a
1 1 = + Kt x a
S K Mondal's
32. (a)
dy + 2xy x + 1 = 0 dx dy 2 x 1 + y= 2 dx x x Given x 2 I.F. = e At
= x2 (x 1) 2 x2 yx 2 = x dx + c = ( x 1) dx + c = x+c 2 x2 1 x = 1, y = 0 gives c = 2 x2 1 yx 2 = x+ 2 2 1 1 1 y= + 2 2 x 2x
x dx
33.(a)
dy + p(t) y = q (t) yn; n > 0 dt Putting v = y1 n dv dy = (1 n) y n dt dt dy 1 dv = n dt (1 n) y dt Substituting in the given differential equation, we get, 1 dv + p(t) y = q (t)yn n dt (1 n) y
Given,
34. (a)
S K Mondal's
4 3 r and A = 4 r 2 3 dV dr = 4 r 2 dt dt (i) becomes dr = K dt dr = Kdt where V =
r = Kt + c At t = 0,r = 1 cm c =1 r = Kt + 1 (ii) Now, at t = 3 months,then r = 0.5cm 0.5 (ii) gives K = 3 0.5 r= t + 1 (iii) 3 Now, put r = 0 in (iii) weget t = 6 months
35(b).
d = k( 0 ) dt Given, Now at (Newtons law of cooling)
d = kdt 0 d 0 = kdt ln ( 0 ) = kt + C1 0 = C.ekt
= 0 + C.e kt 0 = 25C t = 0, = 60 60 = 25 + C.e0 C = 35 = 25 + 35 ekt at t = 15 minutes = 40C 40 = 25 + 35 e (k 15) 3 e15k = 7 Now at t = 30 minutes = 25 + 35 e30k = 25 + 35 (e15k) 2
S K Mondal's
3 = 25 + 35 7 = 31.428C 31.5C
2
3 15k = since e 7
36. (d)
dy x = dx y ydy = xdx Integrating y2 x2 = + c (i) 2 2 At x = 1, y = 3 gives c=2 (i) becomes x 2 + y 2 = 4
37.(a)
dy + 2x = 0 dx 3ydy + 2xdx = 0 Integrating 3y 2 + x2 = c 2 x 2 y2 + =1 2c c 3 - an ellipse. 3y
39. (a)
dy y = dx x dy dx = y x log y = log x + log c y = xc - straight line 1.
dy y = dx x dy dx + =0 y x Integrating we get 2.
S K Mondal's
log y + log x = log c xy = c hyperbola
3.
4.
40. (a)
Let y = emx (m 0) be the trial solution. Auxiliary equation is m2 + 2m + 17 = 0
2 4 4.17.1 2.1 2 8i = 2 = 1 4i y = e x ( A cos 4x + B sin 4x ) m=
dy = e x ( A cos 4x + sin 4x ) + e x ( 4A sin 4x + 4B cos 4x ) dx At x = 0,y = 1 gives A=1. At x= , y=0 gives, now,
4
0=e
( 1) + e 4 .4 ( B )
4B = 1 1 B= 4 1 y = e x cos 4x + sin 4x 4
S K Mondal's
41. (a)
42(d).
Put xt = x
xt = x
kz kx kz kx kz kx (i)
x = xt
kx 2 h kx 2 kz x kz 2 k h = x kz x2
S K Mondal's
kz is the correct transformation kx
xt = x
43. (c)
dy = 0.25 y2 (y = 1 at x = 0) h=1 dx Iterative equation for backward (implicit) Euler methods for above equation would be yk + 1 yk = 0.25 y2 + 1 k h y k + 1 y k = 0.25 h y 2 + 1 k
0.25 h y2 + 1 y k + 1 + y k = 0 k
48. (b)
S K Mondal's
x(t) = c1e2t + c 2e4t (i) dx and = 2c1e2t 4c 2 e4t dt At t=0, x=1 gives, c1 + c2 = 1 ..(ii) dx = 0 gives dt 2c1 4c 2 = 0 At t = 0,
c1 + 2c 2 = 0 (iii)
51. (a)
dy = 1 + y2 dx dy = dx 1 + y2 Integrating tan 1 y = x + c y = tan (x + c)
S K Mondal's
13.
Complex Variables
QUESTION AND ANSWERE
[EC: GATE-2008]
1 32
(d)
1 32
1. (a)
Residue at z = 2 is lim
z 2
d 2 ( z 2 ) f (z) dz
d 1 = lim z 2 dz z + 2
= lim
z 2
(z + 2)
2
= lim
z 2
(z + 2)
1 32
circle
(a) 2 c1
(b) 2 (1 + c 0 )
(c) 2 jc1
2. (d)
1 + f (z) (1 + c0 ) z + c1 = z z2 g(z) has a pole of order two at z = 0 d 2 Re s(g,o) = lim ( z 0 ) g(z) z 0 dz = lim (1 + c0 ) Let g(z) =
z 0
= 1 + c0
z =1
g(z)dz = 2i(1 + c
S K Mondal's
(b)
1 1 , and 1 2 2
1 2z at its poles are [EC: GATE-2010] z( z 1)( z 2) 1 3 1 3 (c) ,1 and (d) , 1 and 2 2 2 2
3. (c)
1 2z 1 = ( z 1)( z 2 ) 2
1 2z =1 z (z 2) 1 2z 3 = z ( z 1) 2
4. For the function of a complex variable W = ln Z (where, W = u + jv and Z = x + jy), the u = constant lines get mapped in Z-plane as [EC: GATE-2006] (a) set of radial straight lines (b) set of concentric circles (c) set of confocal hyperbolas (d) set of confocal ellipses 4. Ans. (b) Given,
1 y log(x2 + y2) + i tan1 2 x Since, u is constant, therefore 1 log(x2 + y2) = c 2 x2 + y2 = c Which is represented set of concentric circles.
1 dz in positive sense is z2 + 4 | j =2 z |
[EC: GATE-2006]
j 2 j (c) 2 (a)
(b) (d)
2
S K Mondal's
5. (d)
Let f (z) =
1 1 = z + 4 ( z + 2i )( z 2i )
2
In z i = 2, z = 2i is a pole of order 1.
Re s ( f ,2i ) = lim ( z 2i ) f ( z ) =
z 2i
1 4i
z i =2
f (z)dz = 2i
1 = 4i 2
(0,3)
(0,i) (0,-1)
=2 z-i
(a) 0
(b) e /2
(c)
(d) 1
7. (b)
S K Mondal's
i i = ei log i .
Now, log i = log i + 2k + i, 2 i , for k = 0. = 2 i i i = ei. =e 2 2 k = 0,1,2,.........
8. The integral
f ( z )dz evaluated around the unit circle on the complex plane for
[ME: GATE-2008]
(c) -2 i
(d) 0
f (z)dz = 2i 1 = 2i
/3
e dt is
it 0
[ME: GATE-2006]
(a)
3 1 +i 2 2
(b)
3 1 i 2 2
(c)
1 3 +i 2 2
(d)
1 3 + i 1+ 2 2
9.(a)
/3
/3
10.
functions
with
continuous
second
then
S K Mondal's
(a) (c)
, = = x x y y 2 2 2 2 + = + =1 x 2 y 2 x 2 y 2
(b) (d)
, = = y x x y + = + =0 x y x y
10. (b)
(x,y) + i(x,y) is analylic, so it satisfies Cauchy-Riemann equation , = = x y y x 11. An analytic function of a complex variable z = x + iy is expressed as f(z) = u (x, y) + i v(x, y) [ME: GATE-2009] where i = 1 . If u = xy, the expression for v should be
(a)
11. (c)
( x + y)2 +k 2
(b)
x2 y 2 +k 2
(c)
y 2 x2 +k 2
(d)
( x y)2 +k 2
Here u and v are analytic as f(z) is analytic. u,v satisfy Cauchy-Riemann equation. ux = v y (i) and u y = v x (ii) Given u = xy ux = y vy = y Integrating y2 v= + c(x) 2 Again v x = c(x) u y = c(x) x = c(x) Integreting, x 2 +k 2 From (iii) we get y2 x 2 v= +k 2 c(x) =
[by (ii)]
(a )5
12. (b)
(b) 5
(c)1/ 5
3 + 4i is. 1 2i (d )1/ 5
[ME: GATE-2010]
S K Mondal's
expression for v, considering K to be constant is (a) 3y2 3x 2 + K (b) 6 x 6 y + K (c) 6 y 6 x + K Ans. (d) Exp. Cauchy Riemann equations for f ( z ) = u + iv
ux = v y and uy = v x
Given u = 3x 3 y ux = 6x uy = 6x v = 6xy + ( x ) Differentiating w.r.t.x v x = 6y + ' ( x ) uy = 6y + ' ( x ) 6y = 6y + ' ( x ) ' ( x) = 0 ( x ) = K (Constant) from (iii) we get v = 6xy + K
13. The analytic function f(z) =
[using (ii)]
14. Using Cauchys integral theorem, the value of the integral (integration being taken in counter z3 6 dz is [CE: GATE 2006] clockwise direction) 3z 1 c
S K Mondal's
(a)
2 4 i 81
(b)
6 i 8
(c)
4 6 i 81
(d) 1
14. (a)
15. Consider likely applicability of Cauchys Integral Theorem to evaluate the following integral counter clockwise around the unit circle c. [CE: GATE 2005] I = sec zdz,
c
z being a complex variable. The value of I will be (a) I = 0: singularities set = (a) I = 0 : singularities set = (c) I =
2n + 1 ; n = 0,1, 2........ 2
sec z dz
The poles are at
cos z dz
1 z0 = n + 2 3 +3 , , , ....... = ....... 2 2 2 2 None of these poles lie inside the unit circle |z| = 1 Hence, sum of residues at poles = 0 Singularities set = and I = 2i [sum of residues of f(z) at the poles] = 2i 0 = 0
(2 z 1) (z 3) dz
cos (2 z)
(a) i
i (b) 5
S K Mondal's
16. (c)
Let cos(2z) . f (z) has sin gularity at z = 1 / 2 (2z 1)(z 3) in C (1z1 = 1). f (z) =
17. Which one of the following is NOT true for complex number Z1 and Z2 ?
(a)
ZZ Z1 = 1 22 |Z2 | Z2
(b) is true by triangle inequality of complex number. (c) is not true since |Z1 Z2 ||Z1 ||Z2 | (d) is true since
2 |Z1 + Z2 | = (Z1 + Z2 ) (Z1 + Z2 )
(i)
(ii)
S K Mondal's
(a) ( +1, + j, j)
Ans. (d) Exp, x3 + x2 + x + 1 = 0 Now f ( 1) = 0
(c) ( 0, 0, 0 )
(d) ( 1, + j, j) [EE-2011]
Q1.
A point z has been plotted in the complex plane, as shown in figure below.
1 z
[EE-2011]
(b)
(c)
(d)
S K Mondal's
Ans.
(d)
z
(z a)
(a) a
n 1
(b)
an
(c)
nan
(d)
nan-1
X (z) =
(z a)
with z > a zn
Let f ( z ) = X ( z ) z n 1 =
(z a)
=
( )
19. For the equation, s3 - 4s2 + s + 6 =0 The number of roots in the left half of s-plane will be (a) zero (b) one (c) two
19. Ans. (c) Constructing Routh-array S3 1 1 S2 -4 6 2 0 S1 0 S 6
(d) three
[EE: GATE-2004]
0 0
Number of sign changes in the first column is two, therefore the number of roots in the left half splane is 2
20. The algebraic equation F (s ) = s 5 3s 4 + 5s 3 7s 2 + 4s + 20 is given F ( s ) = 0 has (a) a single complex root with the remaining roots being real (b) one positive real root and four complex roots, all with positive real parts
Page 132 of 192
[EE: GATE-2006]
S K Mondal's
(c) one negative real root, two imaginary roots, and two roots with positive real parts (d) once positive real root, two imaginary roots, and two roots with negative real parts
20. Ans. (c) F ( s ) =s5 -3s2 -7s2 +4s=20
we can solve it by making Routh Hurwitz array. s5 1 5 4 4 3 7 s 20 3 s 8 / 3 20 / 3 0 s2 5 20 0 1 s 0 0 0 0 s 20 0 0 We can replace 1st element of s1 by 10. If we observe the 1st column, sign is changing two times. So we have two poles on right half side of imaginary Axis and 5s2+20=0 So, s = 2 j and1 pole on left side of imaginary axis .
36.
The value of
C
(1 + z )
2
dz
[EE: GATE-2007]
2 i
tan1 z i tan1 z
S K Mondal's
(c)
34
(d) 5 2
21. (a)
z 5 5i = 2
23. (c)
Given f (s) =
3s + 4 (s + 1)(s + 2) f (s) has singularities at s = 1, 2 which are inside the given circle
Page 134 of 192
S K Mondal's
s =3
Re s(f , 1) = lim (s + 1)f (s) = 1.
s 1
f (s)ds = 2j (1 + 2) = 6j
[IE: GATE-2007]
(a)
(b) 1
(c)
(d) e
24. (d) same as Q.7 25. The polynomial p(x) = x5 + x + 2 has [IE: GATE-2007] (a) all real roots (b) 3 real and 2 complex roots (c) 1 real and 4 complex roots (d) all complex roots
25. (c)
Given f (x) = x 5 + x + 2. P( + x) = + + + (Taking only sign of each term) P(x) has no +ve real roots. P(-x)= - - + (Taking only sign of each term) P(x) has one ve real root As, P(x) of degree 5 .So other four roots are complex.
sin z of a complex variable z, the point z = 0 is [IE: GATE-2007] z3 (a) a pole of order 3 (b) a pole of order 2 (c) a pole of order 1 (d) not a singularity
26. (b)
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Let third root be . of x 3 6x 2 + 11x 6 = 0 Then1 + 3 + = 6 = 2
[IE: GATE-2009]
(a) 1
28. (d)
(b) e x + y
(c) ey
(d) ey
x = e 6 = cos 3 1 + j. 2 2
+ jsin 6 6
30. The root mean squared value of x(t) = 3 + 2 sin (t) cos (2t) is
[IE: GATE-2008]
(a)
(b)
(c) 10
(d)
11
32 + 12 + 12 = 11
31. Contour C in the adjoining figure is described by x2 + y2 = 16. z2 + 8 The value of dz (Note : j = 1 ) 0.5z 1.5j C
[IE: GATE-2010]
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y z plane
0 C
(a) 2 j (b) 2 j
(c) 4 j
(d) 4 j
31. (d)
z2 + 8 2(z2 + 8) = 0.5z 1.5j z 3j f(z) has a singularity at z=3j which is inside the given circle x 2 + y2 = 16. Let f (z) =
f (z)ds = 2j ( 2) = 4j
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Statistics
2. A probability density function is of the form p(x) = Ke|x|, x (,) The value of K is (a) 0.5 (b) 1 (c) 0.5 2. (c)
p(x) dx = 1
ke
dx = 1
kex dx +
ke
0
dx = 1
k = 0.5
3. Three companies X, Y and Z supply computers to a university. The percentage of computers supplied by them and the probability of those being defective are tabulated below [EC: GATE-2006]
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Probability of being defective X 60% 0.01 Y 30% 0.02 Z 10% 0.03 Given that a computer is defective, the probability that it was supplied by Y is (a) 0.1 (b) 0.2 (c) 0.3 (d) 0.4
3. Ans. (d) 4. If E denotes expectation, the variance of a random variable X is given by (b) E[X2] + E2[X] (a) E[X2] E2[X] 2] (c) E[X (d) E2[X] 4. ans (a)
Company
% of computers supplied
[EC: GATE-2007]
Var(X) = E X 2 2mX + m2
{(
)}
= E(X 2 ) E2 (X)
5. An examination consists of two papers, Paper 1 and Paper 2. The probability of failing in Paper 1 is 0.3 and that in Paper 2 is 0.2. Given that a student has failed in Paper 2, the probability of failing in Paper 1 is 0.6. The probability of a student failing in both the papers is [EC: GATE-2007] (a) 0.5 (b) 0.18 (c) 0.12 (d) 0.06 5.Ans(c). Let A be the event that failed in paper 1. B be the event that failed in paper 2. Given P(A) = 0.3, P(B) = 0.2. A And also given P = 0.6 B
6. Px(x) = M exp(2|x|) N exp(3 |x|) is the probability density function for the real random variable X, over the entire x axis. M and N are both positive real numbers. The equation relating M and N is [EC: GATE-2008] 2 1 (a) M N = 1 (b) 2 M + N = 1 3 3
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(c) M + N = 1 (d) M + N = 3 Ans.(a) Given Px (x) is the probability density function for the random variable X.
6.
( Me ( Me
2 x
Ne
3 x
)dx = 1
2x
M N M N + =1 2 3 2 3 2 M N =1 3 7. A fair coin is tossed 10 times. What is the probability that ONLY the first two tosses will yield heads? [EC: GATE-2009] 2 3 10 10 1 1 1 1 (b) 10 C2 (c) (d) 10 C2 (a) 2 2 2 2
7. (c)
Let A be the event that first toss is head And B be the event that second toss is head. 1 1 P(A) = , P(B) = 2 2 By the given condition rest all 8 tosses should be tail The probability of getting head in first two cases 2 8 10 1 1 1 = . = . 2 2 2 8. A fair coin is tossed independently four times. The probability of the event the number of time heads shown up is more than the number of times tails shown up is [EC: GATE-2010] 1 1 1 5 (b) (c) (d) (a) 16 8 4 16
8. Ans (d) Here we have to find P(H,H,H,T) + P(H,H,H,H)
1 = 4c3 2
4
1 1 . + 4c 4 2 2
4
1 . 2
5 1 1 = 4. + = 2 2 16
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9 In a manufacturing plant, the probability of making a defective bolt is 0.1. The mean and standard deviation of defective bolts in a total of 900 bolts are respectively [ME: GATE-2000]
(a) 90 and 9
(b) 9 and 90
9. Ans (a) Its a poission distribution. Here n = 900 ,p = 0.1 mean (m) = np = 900 0.1 = 90
= 81 = 9
( > 0).,
10. Consider the continuous random variable with probability density function
f (t ) = 1 + t for -1 t 0 =1 - t for 0 t 1
[ME: GATE-2006]
(a)
1 3
(b)
1 6
(c)
1 3
(d)
1 6
Var (T) = = =
2 t
(1 + t)dt + t 2 (1 t)dt
0
t f(t)dt,
2
1 = 6
1 6
t > 0
11. The standard deviation of a uniformly distributed random variable between 0 and 1 is [ME: GATE-2009]
(a)
11. (a)
1 12
(b)
1 3
(c)
5 12
(d)
7 12
1 = 1, 0 < x < 1. 10
1 1 0 0
1 2
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12 The probability that two friends share the same birth-month is 1 1 1 1 (a) (b) (c) (d) 6 12 144 24
12. (b)
[ME: GATE-1998]
Let A = the event that the birth month of first friend And B= that of second friend. P(A) = 1,as 1st friend can born in any month 1 and P(B) = , by the condition. 12 Probability of two friends share same birth-month 1 1 is 1 = 12 12
13. The probability of a defective piece being produced in a manufacturing process is 0.01. The probability that out of 5 successive pieces, only one is defective, is (a) (0.99)2 (0.01) (b) (0.99)(0.01)4 [ME: GATE-1996] 4(0.01) (c) 5(0.99)(0.01)4 (d) 5(0.99)
13. (d)
The required probability = 5 c1 (.01)1 (.99)4 = 5 (0.99)4 (.01). 14. A box contains 5 block balls and 3 red balls. A total of three balls are picked from the box one after another, without replacing them back. The probability of getting two black balls and one red ball is [ME: GATE-1997] (a) 3/8 (b) 2/15 (c) 15/28 (d)
14. (c)
Here the possible combination of picking up three balls without replacement is BBR, BRB, RBB. (B = Black ball, R = Red balls) 5 4 3 5 P(BBR) = = 8 7 6 28 5 3 4 5 P(BRB) = = 8 7 6 28 3 5 4 5 P(RBB) = = 8 7 6 28 15 Probability of getting two black balls and one red ball is . 28 15. An unbiased coin is tossed three times. The probability that the head turns up in exactly two cases is [ME: GATE-2001]
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(a) 1/9
15. (d)
(b) 1/8
(c) 2/3
(d) 3/8
1 1 3 Required probability = 3 c2 = 2 2 8 16. Two dice are thrown. What is the probability that is the sum of the numbers on the two dice is eight? [ME: GATE-2002] (a) 5/36 (b) 5/18 (c) (d) 1/3
16. (a)
Here sample space = 6 6 = 36 Here, there are five such points whose sum is 8. They are (2,6), (3,5), (4,4), (5,3), (6,2). 5 Re quireprobability = 36 17. Manish has to travel from A to D changing buses at stops B and C enroute. The maximum waiting time at either stop can be 8 minutes each, but any time of waiting up to 8 minutes is equally likely at both places. He can afford up to 13 minutes of total waiting time if he is to arrive at D on time. What is the probability that Manish will arrive late at D? [ME: GATE-2002] (a) 8/13 (b) 13/64 (c) 119/128 (d) 9/128
17.Ans(a)
18. Arrivals at a telephone booth are considered to be poison, with an average time of 10 minutes between successive arrivals. The length of a phone call is distributes exponentially with mean 3 minutes. The probability that an arrival does not have to wait before service is [ME: GATE-2002] (a) 0.3 (b) 0.5 (c) 0.7 (d) 0.9 18.Ans(a) 19. A box contains 5 black and 5 red balls. Two balls are randomly picked one after another from the box, without replacement. The probability for both balls being red is [ME: GATE-2003] 1 1 19 2 (a) (b) (c) (d) 90 2 90 9
19. (d)
20. From a pack of regular from a playing cards, two cards are drawn at random. What is the probability that both cards will be Kings, if first card in NOT replaced
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(a)
1 26
(b)
1 52
(c)
1 169
(d)
1 221
[ME: GATE-2004]
20. (d)
Here sample space S = 52 The probability of drawing both cards are king without replacement 4 3 c c 1 = 1 1 = 52 51 221
21. A lot has 10% defective items. Ten items are chosen randomly from this lot. The probability that exactly 2 of the chosen items are defective is [ME: GATE-2005] (a) 0.0036 (b) 0.1937 (c) 0.2234 (d) 0.3874
21.(b) Let A be the event that items are defective and B be the event that items are non- defective. P(A) = 0.1 and P(B) = 0.9 Probability that exactly two of those items are defective = 10 c 2 (.1)2 (.9)8 = 0.1937 22. A single die is thrown twice. What is the probability that the sum is neither 8 nor 9? [ME: GATE-2005] (a) 1/9 (b) 5/36 (c) 1/4 (d) 3/4 22. (d)
Here sample space = 36 Total No. of way in which sum is either 8 or 9 are (2,6), (3,5),(3,6), (4,4), (4,5), (5,3), (5,4), (6,2), (6,3) 9 1 So probability of getting sum 8 or 9 = = 36 4 So the probability of not getting sum 8 or 9 = 1 1 = 3 .
4 4
24. A box contains 20 defective items and 80 non-defective items. If two items are selected at random without replacement, what will be the probability that both items are defective? [ME: GATE-2006] (a) 1/5 (b) 1/25 (c) 20/99 (d) 11/495 24(d) The probability of defective items =
20 100
probability
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25. A coin is tossed 4 times. What is the probability of getting heads exactly 3 times?
(a)
2008
25. (a)
1 4
(b)
3 8
(c)
1 2
(d)
3 4
[ME:
GATE-
26. If three coins are tossed simultaneously, the probability of getting at least one head is [ME: GATE-2009] (a) 1/8 (b) 3/8 (c) 1/2 (d) 7/8
26. (d)
Here the sample space S = 23 = 8. No. of ways to get all tails =1. 1 probability to get all tails = 8
1 7 = 8 8
27. A box contains 2 washers, 3 nuts and 4 bolts. Items are drawn from the box at random one at a time without replacement. The probability of drawing 2 washers first followed by 3 nuts and subsequently the 4 bolts is [ME: GATE-2010] (a) 2/315 (b) 1/630 (c) 1/1260 (d) 1/2520 27. (c)
Here sample space = 9 The required probability of drawing 2 washers, 3 nuts and 4 bolts respectively without replacement 2 1 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 = 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 = 1260
28. If 20 per cent managers are technocrats, the probability that a random committee of 5 managers consists of exactly 2 technocrats is [ME: GATE-1993] (a) 0.2048 (b) 0.4000 (c) 0.4096 (d) 0.9421
28. (a)
20 1 = 100 5
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29. Analysis of variance is concerned with: [ME: GATE-1999] (a) Determining change in a dependent variable per unit change in an independent variable (b) Determining whether a qualitative factor affects the mean of an output variable (c) Determining whether significant correlation exists between an output variable and an input variable. (d) Determining whether variance in two or more populations are significantly different. 29. Ans.(d) Analysis of variance is used in comparing two or more populations, e.g. Different types of manures for yelding a single crop. 30. Four arbitrary point (x1,y1), (x2,y2), (x3,y3), (x4,y4), are given in the x, y plane Using the method of least squares, if, regressing y upon x gives the fitted line y = ax + b; and regressing y upon x given the fitted line y = ax + b; and regressing x upon y gives the fitted line x = cy + d then [ME: GATE-1999] (a) The two fitted lines must coincide (b) The two fitted lines need not coincide (c) It is possible that ac = 0 (d) A must be 1/c
30. (d)
y = ax + b (i) and x = cy + d (ii) 1 d From (ii) we get x d = cy y = x (iii) c c 1 d comparing (i) and (ii),a = and b = c c 31. A regression model is used to express a variable Y as a function of another variable X. This implies that [ME: GATE-2002] (a) There is a causal relationship between Y and X (b) A value of X may be used to estimate a value of Y (c) Values of X exactly determine values of Y (d) There is no causal relationship between Y and X
31. (b)
32. Let X and Y be two independent random variables. Which one of the relations between expectation (E), variance (Var) and covariance (Cov) given below is FALSE? [ME: GATE-2007] (a) E (XY) = E (X) E (Y) (b) Cov (X, Y) = 0 (c) Var (X + Y) = Var (X) + Var (Y) (d) E (X2 y2) = (E (X))2 (E (y))2
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32. (b).
33.Ans(d). Let mean and stander deviation of batch C be c and c respectively and mean and standard deviation of entire class of 1st year students be and respectively. Given c = 6.6 and c = 2.3
and = 5.5 and = 4.2 In order to normalize batch C to entire class, the normalized score must be equated x Since Z = x c 8.5 6.6 Zc = c = c 2.3 x x 5.5 = Now Z = 4.2 x 5.5 8.5 6.6 Z = Zc = 4.2 2.3 x = 8.969 9.0
34. Three values of x and y are to be fitted in a straight line in the form y = a + bx by the method 2 of least squares. Givenx = 6, y = 21, x = 14 and xy = 46, the values of a and b are [CE: GATE 2008] respectively. (a) 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 (c) 2 and 1 (d) 3 and 2 34.Ans(d)
y = a + bx n = 3, x = 6, y = 21, x2 = 14 xy = 46 b=
Given And
n xy x y n x 2 ( x)2
a = y bx
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y x b n n
(3 46) (6 21) =2 (3 14) (6)2
= Substituting, we get b= a=
35.
21 6 2 = 3 3 3 a = 3 and b = 2
A box contains 10 screws, 3 of which are defective. Two screws are drawn at random with replacement. The probability that none of the two screws is defective will be [CE: GATE 2003] (a) 100% (b) 50% (c) 49% (d) None of these
35. (d)
Non defective screws =7 Probability of the two screws are non defective 3 c 7 c2 = 0 100% 10 c2
=
7 100% = 46.6 47% 15 36. A hydraulic structure has four gates which operate independently. The probability of failure off each gate is 0.2. Given that gate 1 has failed, the probability that both gates 2 and 3 will [CE: GATE 2004] fail is (a) 0.240 (b) 0.200 (c) 0.040 (d) 0.008
36.(c)
37. Which one of the following statements is NOT true? (a) The measure of skewness is dependent upon the amount of dispersion (b) In a symmetric distribution, the values of mean, mode and median are the same (c) In a positively skewed distribution; mean > median > mode [CE: GATE 2005 (d) In a negatively skewed distribution; mode > mean > median 37. (d)
(d) is not true since in a negatively skewed distribution, mode > median > mean
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38. There are 25 calculators in a box. Two of them are defective. Suppose 5 calculators are randomly picked for inspection (i.e., each has the same chance of being selected), what is the probability that only one of the defective calculators will be included in the inspection? [CE: GATE 2006] 1 1 1 1 (b) (c) (d) (a) 2 3 4 5 38. (b) Probability of only one is defective out of 5 calculators 2 c 23 c4 1 = 125 = c5 3 39. If the standard deviation of the spot speed of vehicles in a highway is 8.8 kmph and the mean speed of the vehicles is 33 kmph, the coefficient of variation in speed is [CE: GATE 2007] (a) 0.1517 (b) 0.1867 (c) 0.2666 (d)0.3645 39. (c) 8.8 C = = = 0.2666 33 40. If probability density functions of a random variable X is f(x) = x2 for 1 x 1, and = 0 for any other value of x 1 1 Then, the percentage probability P x is 3 3 (a) 0.247 (b) 2.47 (c) 24.7 40. (b)
(d) 247
1 1 x = x 2dx P 3 3 1
3
1 3
x3 3 2 = = 3 1 81
3
Percentage probability =
2 100 81
2.47%
41. A person on a trip has a choice between private car and public transport. The probability of using a private car is 0.45. While using the public transport, further choices available are bus and metro, out of which the probability of commuting by a bus is 0.55. In such a situation, the probability (rounded up to two decimals) of using a car, bus and metro, respectively would be [CE: GATE 2008] (a) 0.45, 0.30 and 0.25 (b) 0.45, 0.25 and 0.30 (c) 0.45, 0.55 and 0.00 (d) 0.45, 0.35 and 41. (a)
Given
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p(private car) = 0.45 p(bus / public transport) = 0.55 Since a person has a choice between private car and public transport p (public transport)= 1 p(private car) = 1 0.45 = 0.55 p (bus) = p(bus public transport) = p(bus| public transport) p(public transport) = 0.55 0.55 = 0.3025 0.30 Now p (metro) = 1 [p(private car) + p(bus)] = 1 (0.45 + 0.30) = 0.25 p (private car) = 0.45 p (bus) = 0.30 and p(metro) = 0.25
42. The standard normal probability function can be approximated as 1 F(x N ) = [CE: GATE 2009] 0.12 1 + exp( 1.7255 x n |x n | ) Where x N = standard normal deviate. If mean and standard deviation of annual precipitation are 102 cm and 27 cm respectively, the probability that the annual precipitation will be between 90 cm and 102 cm is (a) 66.7% (b) 50.0% (c) 33.3% (d) 16.7%
42. (d)
Here = 102cm
and = 27cm
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43. Two coins are simultaneously tossed. The probability of two heads simultaneously appearing [CE: GATE 2010] is 1 1 1 1 (b) (c) (d) (a) 8 6 4 2
43.(c)
1 1 1 = 2 2 4
Ans.
There are two containers, with one containing 4 Red and 3 Green balls and the other containing Blue and 4 Green balls. One bal is drawn at random form each container. The probability that one of the ball is Red and the other is Blue will be (a) 1/7 (b) 9/49 (c) 12/49 (d) 3/7 [CE-2011] (c)
After first head in first toss, probability of tails in 2nd and 3rd toss = Probability of exactly two heads = 1
1 3 = 4 4
1 1 1 . = 2 2 4
46. Two fair dice are rolled and the sum r of the numbers turned up is considered [EE: GATE-2006] 1 5 (a) Pr ( r > 6 ) = (b) Pr(r/3 is an integer)= 6 6 5 1 (c) Pr(r=8|r/4 is an integer) = (d) Pr(r=6|r/5 is an integer)= 9 18
46. (c)
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47. A box contains 4 white balls and 3 red balls. In succession, two balls are randomly selected and removed from the box. Given that the first removed ball is white, the probability that the [EE: GATE-2010] second removed ball is red is (a) 1/3 (a) 3/7 (a) 1/2 (a) 4/7 47. (c)
After first ball is drawn white then sample space has 4 + 3 1 = 6 balls. Probability of second ball is red without replacement 3 c 3 c1 1 = 0 = 6 2 X is a uniformly distributed random variable that takes values between 0 and 1. The value [EE: GATE-2008] of E{X3} will be 1 1 1 (a) 0 (b) (c) (d) 8 4 2
14.
( )
x 3 f x ( x )dx =
3 x dx = 0
x4 4
1 1 = 0= 4 4
(b) 0.5
(c) 1
(d) 10
49. A random variable is uniformly distributed over the interval 2 to 10. Its variance will be [IE: GATE-2008] 16 256 (b) 6 (c) (d) 36 (a) 3 9 49. (a)
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The p.d.f
f (x) =
1 1 = , x (2,10) 10 2 8
10 2
mean of x = E(x) =
1 1 1 x2 .96 = 6. x dx = = 8 8 2 2 16
10
16 3
50. The probability that there are 53 Sundays in a randomly chosen leap year is 1 1 1 2 (b) (c) (d) (a) 7 14 28 7 [IE: GATE-2005] 50. (d)
No. of days in a leap year are 366 days. In which there are 52 complete weeks and 2 days This 2 days may be of following combination. 1. Sunday & Monday 2. Monday & Tuesday 3. Tuesday & Wednesday 4. Wednesday & Thursday 5. Thursday & Friday 6. Friday & Saturday 7. Saturday & Sunday There are two combination of Sunday in (1.) and (7). Re quired probability 2 = 7
extra.
51. You have gone to a cyber-caf with a friend. You found that the cyber-caf has only three terminals. All terminals are unoccupied. You and your friend have to make a random choice of selecting a terminal. What is the probability that both of you will NOT select the same terminal? [IE: GATE-2006] 1 1 2 (b) (c) (d) 1 (a) 9 3 3 51.(c)
1 3
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52. Probability density function p(x) of a random variable x is as shown below. The value of is [IE: GATE-2006] 2 1 2 1 (b) (c) (a) (d) c c (b + c) (b + c)
p(x)
a+b
a+c
p(x)dx = 1
(a) 0.5
53. (a)
(b) 0.25
(c) 0.167
(d) 0.125
Here sample space S= 6 6 = 36 Total no. of way in which sum of digits on the top surface of the two dice is is even is 18. 18 The require probability = = 0.5 . 36
55. Poissons ratio for a metal is 0.35. Neglecting piezo-resistance effect, the gage factor of a strain gage made of this metal is [IE: GATE-2010] (a) 0.65 (b) 1 (c) 1.35 (d) 1.70
55. (d)
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56. Assume that the duration in minutes of a telephone conversation follows the 1 x exponential distribution f(x) = e 5 , x 0. The probability that the conversation will 5 exceed five minutes is [IE: GATE-2007] 1 1 1 1 (a) (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 1 2 e e e e
56. (a)
1 x 1 Required probability = e 5 dx = 5 e 5 22. Using the given data points tabulated below, a straight line passing through the origin is fitted using least squares method. The slope of the line is
x y
1.0 1.5
2.0 2.2
22. Ans.(c) Suppose the line being, y = mx Since, it has been fit by least square method, therefore 2 y = x, and x y = x
23.
m = 1.1
The function y = sin , ( > 0) is approximated as y = , where is in radian. The maximum value of for which the error due to the approximation is with in 2% is [IE: GATE-2006]
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Q18.
R=0
If the difference between the expectation of the square of a random variable (d) R > 0 [CS-2011]
( E [ X ])
is
denoted by R, then (b) R< 0 (c) R 0 (a) Ans. (c) Exp. We know, The second control momnt,
2
( ) = E ( X ) 2 E ( X ) E ( X ) E ( X )
2 2 2
= E X 2 2m E ( X ) + m 2
2
+ E( X)
m = E ( X )
2 0
E X 2 E ( X ) 0
2
( )
Q34.
A deck of 5 cards (each carrying a distinct number from 1 to 5) is shuffled thoroughly. Two cards are then removed one at a time from the deck. What is the probability that the two cards are selected with the number on the first card being one higher than the number on the second card? (a) 1/5 (b) 4/25 (c) (d) 2/5 [CS-2011]
Ans. * 57. For each element is a set of size 2n, an unbiased coin is tossed. The 2n coin tossed are independent. An element is chosen if the corresponding coin toss were head. The probability that exactly n elements are chosen is [CS: GATE-2006] 2n 2n n 1 1 n (d) (b) n (c) (a) n 2 4 2 2n n 57.(a)
The probability that exactly n elements are chosen = the probability of getting n heads out of 2n tosses = 1 1 cn 2 2 2n c = 2nn 2 2n c = nn 4
2n n 2n n
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59. Suppose we uniformly and randomly select a permutation from the 20! permutations of 1, 2, 3 .., 20. What is the probability that 2 appears at an earlier position that any other even number in the selected permutation? [CS: GATE-2007] 1 1 9! (a) (b) (c) (d) None of these 2 10 20! 59. (d) Number of permutations with 2 in the first position = 19! Number of permutations with 2 in the second position = 10 18! (fill the first space with any of the 10 odd numbers and the 18 spaces after the 2 with 18 of the remaining numbers in 18! ways) Number of permutations with 2 in 3rd position = 10 9 17! (fill the first 2 places with 2 of the 10 odd numbers and then the remaining 17 places with remaining 17 numbers) and so on until 2 is in 11th place. After that it is not possible to satisfy the given condition, since there are only 10 odd numbers available to fill before the 2. So the desired number of permutations which satisfies the given condition is 19! + 10 18! + 10 9 17! + 10 9 8 16! + + 10! 9! Now the probability of this happening is given by
19! + 10 18! + 10 9 17! ... + 10! 9! 20! Which is clearly not choices (a), (b) or (c) Thus, Answer is (d) none of these.
60. Aishwarya studies either computer science or mathematics everyday. if the studies computer science on a day, then the probability that she studies mathematics the next day is 0.6. If she studies mathematics on a day, then the probability that she studies computer science the next day is 0.4. Given that Aishwarya studies computer science on Monday, what is the probability that she studies computer science on Wednesday? [CS: GATE-2008] (a) 0.24 (b) 0.36 (c) 0.4 (d) 0.6 60. (c)
Let C denote computes science study and M denotes maths study. P(C on monday and C on wednesday) = p(C on monday, M on tuesday and C on wednesday) + p(C on monday, C on tuesday and C on wednesday) = 1 0.6 0.4 + 1 0.4 0.4 = 0.24 + 0.16 = 0.40 61. Let X be a randon variable following normal distribution with mean +1 and variance 4. Let Y be another normal variable with mean 1 and variance unknown. If P(X 1) = P(Y 2) the standard deviation of Y is [CS: GATE-2008] (a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 2 (d) 1
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62. An unbalanced dice (with 6 faces, numbered from 1 to 6) is thrown. The probability that the face value is odd is 90% of the probability that the face value is even. The probability of getting any even numbered face is the same.
If the probability that the face is even given that it is greater than 3 is 0.75, which one following options is closed to the probability that the face value exceeds 3? [CS: GATE-2009] (a) 0.453 (b) 0.468 (c) 0.485 (d) 0.492 of the
62. (b)
It is given that P(odd) = 0.9 p(even) Now since p(x) = 1 p(odd) + p (even) = 1 0.9 p(even) + p (even) = 1 1 p(even) = = 0.5263 1.9 Now, it is given that p (any even face) is same i.e p(2) = p(4) = p(6) Now since, p(even) = p(2) or p(4) or p(6) = p(2) + p(4) + p(6) 1 p(2) = p(4) = p(6) = p(even) 3 1 = (0.5263) 3
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= 0.1754 It is given that p(even|face > 3) = 0.75 p(even face > 3) = 0.75 p(face > 3) p(face = 4, 6) = 0.75 p(face > 3) p(face = 4, 6) p(4) + p(6) = p(face > 3) = 0.75 0.75 0.1754 + 0.1754 = 0.75 = 0.4677 0.468
63. Consider a company that assembles computers. The probability of a faulty assembly of any computer is p. The company therefore subjects each computer to a testing process. This testing process gives the correct result for any computer with a probability of q. What is the probability of a computer being declared faulty? [CS: GATE-2010] (a) pq + (1 p) (1 q) (b) (1 q)p (c) (1 p)q (d) pq
63.(a)
q faulty p 1-q
(declared faulty)
q
From the diagram, P ( declared faulty ) = pq + (1 p)(1 q )
64. What is the probability that a divisor of 1099 is a multiple of 1096? [CS: GATE-2010] 1 4 12 16 (a) (b) (c) (d) 625 625 625 625 64. Ans. (a) p(multiple of 10% |divisor of 1099)
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n(multiple of 1096 and divisor of 1099) n(divisor of 1099 ) Since 10 = 2.5 1099 = 299 . 599 Any divisor of 1099 is of the form 2a . 5b where 0 a 99 and 0 b 99. The number of such possibilities is combination of 100 values of a and 100 values of b = 100 100 each of which is a divisor of 1099. So, no. of divisors of 1099 = 100 100. Any number which is a multiple of 1096 as well as divisor of 1099 is of the form 2a . 5b where 96 a 99 and 96 b 99. The number of such combinations of 4 values of a and 4 values of b is 4 4 combinations, each of which will be a multiple of 1096 as well as a divisor of 1099. p(multiple of 1096|divisor of 1099) 44 1 = = 625 100 100 =
65. Let P(E) denote the probability of the even E. Given P(A) = 1, P(B) =
B and P respectively are A 1 1 1 1 (b) , (a) , 4 2 2 4
1 A , the values of P 2 B
65.(d)
1 2 Since A, B are independent events, P(AB) = P(A)P(B) A P(AB) P(A)P(B) = = P(A) = 1 P = P(B) P(B) B Here, P(A) = 1,P(B) = 1 B P(A)P(B) = P(B) = P = P(A) 2 A
66. A program consists of two modules executed sequentially. Let f1 (t) and f2 (t) respectively denote the probability density functions of time taken to execute the two modules. The probability density function of the overall time taken to execute the program is given by [CS: GATE-2003]
(a) f1 (t) + f2 (t) (c) (b)
f (x)f (x)dx
1 2 0
f (x)f (t x)dx
1 2 0
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66.(c)
Let the time taken for first and second modules be represented by x and y and total time = t. and y and total time = t. t = x + y is a random variable Now the joint density function g(t) = = =
f (x, y) dx
0 t
f (x, t x) dx
0 t
f (x) f (t x) dx
1 2 0
which is also called as convolution of f1 and f2 , abbreviated as f1 * f2 . Correct answer is therefore, choice (c).
67. If a fair coin is tossed four times. What is the probability that two heads and two tails will result? [CS: GATE-2004] 3 1 5 3 (b) (c) (d) (a) 8 2 8 4 67. (a)
1 2 Its a Bernoullis trials. Re quired probability
Here P ( H ) = P ( T ) =
1 = c2 . 2 4 c 3 = 42 = 2 8
4
1 . 2
68. An examination paper has 150 multiple-choice questions of one mark each, with each question having four choices. Each incorrect answer fetches 0.25 mark. Suppose 1000 students choose all their answers randomly with uniform probability. The sum total of the expected marks obtained all these students is [CS: GATE-2004] (a) 0 (b) 2550 (c) 7525 (d) 9375 68. (d)
Let the marks obtained per question be a random variable X. Its probability distribution table is given below:
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X P (X)
1
1 4
-0.25
3 4
69.
Two n bit binary strings, S1 and S2 are chosen randomly with uniform probability. The probability that the Hamming distance between these strings (the number of bit positions where the two strings differ) is equal to d is [CS: GATE-2004] n n C C d 1 (d) d (a) nd (b) d d (c) n 2 2 2 2
69.(a)
70. A point is randomly selected with uniform probability in the X-Y. plane within the rectangle with corners at (0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 2) and (0, 2). If p is the length of the position vector of the [CS: GATE-2004] point, the expected value of p2 is 2 4 5 (a) (b) 1 (c) (d) 3 3 3 70. (d)
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y (0,2) (1,2)
P(x,j)
p O (0,0)
p = x 2 + y2
(1,0)
p2 = x 2 + y2
E(p2 ) = E(x 2 + y2 ) = E(x 2 ) + E(y2 ) Since x and y are uniformly distributed in the int erval 0 x 1 and 0 y 2 respectively. Pr obability density function of x, 1 =1 p(x) = 10 and probability density function of y, 1 1 = p(y) = 20 2 1 1 1 E(x 2 ) = x 2 p(x)dx = x 2 dx = 3 0 0
And E(y2 ) = y2 p(y)dy =
0 0 2 2
y2 4 dy = 2 3
1 4 5 + = 3 3 3
71. Let f(x) be the continuous probability density function of a random variable X. The probability that a < X b, is [CS: GATE-2005]
(a) f (b a) (b) f(b) f(a) (c)
f (x)dx
a
(d)
xf (x)dx
a
71.(c)
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15.
Numerical Methods
1. The equation x3 x2 + 4x 4 = 0 is to be solved using the Newton-Raphson method. If x = 2 is taken as the initial approximation of the solution, then the next approximation using this method will be [EC: GATE-2007] 2 4 3 (b) (c) 1 (d) (a) 3 3 2
f (x n ) ,n = 0,1,2...... f ' ( xn )
x1 = 2
f (2) 8 2 = = . f '(2) 12 3
[EC: GATE-2008]
(c) X n + 1 = (1 + X n )
e xn 1 + e xn
(d) X n + 1 =
X 2 e xn (1 + x n ) 1 n x n e xn
= xn
=
x n ex n 1 + e xn 1 + e xn x n x n e xn
1 + e xn 4. We wish to solve x2 2 = 0 by Netwon Raphson technique. Let the initial guess b x0 = 1.0 [ME: GATE-1999] Subsequent estimate of x(i.e.x1) will be:
1+e (1 + x n ) e xn
xn
(b) 1.5
(c) 2.0
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x1 = x0 = 1 3 2 = 1.5 = 1 2
f ( x0 ) , here f ( x) = x 2 2 f ( x0 )
5. The values of a function f(x) are tabulated below [ME: GATE-2004] x f(x) 0 1 1 2 2 1 3 10 Using Newton's forward difference formula, the cubic polynomial that can be fitted to the above data, is
1 2
Using Newtons forward interpolation formula we get x x(x 1) 2 x(x 1)(x 2) 3 f (x) = f (0) + f (0) + f (0) + f (0) 1 1.2 1.2.3 x(x 1) x(x 1)(x 2) = 1 + x(1) + ( 2) + (12), =1+x+(x-x 2 )+2x(x 2 -3x+2) 2 6 =1+x+x-x 2 + 2x 3 6x 2 + 4x, =2x 3 7x 2 + 6x + 1 6. Starting from X0 = 1, one step of Newton-Raphson method in solving the equation x3 + 3x-7 = [ME: GATE-2005] 0 gives the next value (x1) as
(d) x1 = 2
Given x 0 = 1
x1 = 1
f ' (1 )
f (1 )
=1
3 3 = = 1.5 6 2
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7. The order of error is the Simpsons rule for numerical integration with a step size h is [ME: GATE-1997] (a) h (b) h2 (c) h3 (d) h4 7. Ans. (b) 8. The accuracy of Simpson's rule quadrature for a step size h is (a) O(h2) (b) O(h3) (c) O(h4) [ME: GATE-2003] (d) O(h2)
8. Ans. (d)
9. With a 1 unit change in b, what is the change in x in the solution of the system of equations x + y = 2, 1.01 x + 0.99 y = b? [ME: GATE-2005] (a) Zero (b) 2 units (c) 50 units (d) 100 units
10. Match the items in columns I and II. [ME: GATE-2006] Column I Column II P. Gauss-Seidel method 1. Interpolation Q. Forward Newton-Gauss method 2. Non-linear differential equations R. Runge-Kutta method 3. Numerical integration S. Trapezoidal Rule 4. Linear algebraic equations (a) P-1, Q-4, R-3, S-2 (b) P-1, Q-4, R-2, S-3 (c) P-1, Q-3, R-2, S-4 (d) P-4, Q-1, R-2, S-3
10. (d)
(P) Gauss Seidal method Linear algebraic equation (Q) Forward Newton Gauss method Interpolation Non-linear differential equations (R) Runge Kutta method (S) Trapezoidal Rule Numerical integration
2
11. A calculator has accuracy up to 8 digits after decimal place. The value of
sin x dx
0
when
evaluated using this calculator by trapezoidal method with 8 equal intervals, to 5 significant digits is [ME: GATE-2007] (a) 0.00000 (b) 1.0000 (c) 0.00500 (d) 0.00025 11. Ans. (a)
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h= 2 0 = 8 4 y 0 = sin(0) = 0 y1 = sin = 0.70710 4 y 2 = sin = 1 2 3 y 3 = sin = 0.7010 4 y 4 = sin ( ) = 0 5 y 5 = sin = 0.70710 4 6 y 6 = sin = 1 4 7 y 7 = sin = 0.70710 4 8 y 8 = sin = 0 4 Trapezoidal rule
x0 + nh
x0 2
f(x).dx =
sin x.dx = 8
0
13.
In the solution of the following set of linear equations by Gauss elimination using partial pivoting 5x + y + 2z = 34; 4y 3z = 12; and 10x 2y + z = 4; the pivots for elimination of x and y are [CE: GATE 2009] (a) 10 and 4 (b) 10 and 2 (c) 5 and 4 (d) 5 and 4
13. Ans.(a) The equations are 5x + y + 2z = 34 0x + 4y 3z = 12 and 10x 2y + z = 4 The augmented matrix for gauss-elimination is 5 1 2 34 0 4 3 12 10 2 1 4 Since in the first column maximum element in absolute value is 10, we need to exchange row 1 with row 3.
S K Mondal's
5 1 2 34 10 2 1 4 R(1, 3) 0 4 3 12 0 4 3 12 10 2 1 4 5 1 2 34 So the pivot for eliminating x is a11 = 10 Now to eliminate y, we need to compass the eliminate in second column at and below the diagonal. Since a22 = 4 is already larger in absolute value compares to a32 = 1
The pivot element for eliminating y is a22 = 4 itself. The pivots for eliminating x and y are respectively 10 and 4.
Q2.
The square root of a number N is to be obtained by applying the Newton Raphson iterations to the equation x2 N = 0 . If i denotes the iteration index, the correct iterative scheme will be 1 N 1 N (a) xi +1 = xi + (b) xi +1 = x2i + 2 2 xi 2 xi (b) (c) xi +1 =
1 N2 xi + 2 xi , i = 0,1,2...
(d) xi +1 =
1 N xi 2 xi
[CE-2011]
Ans. Exp.
(a) xi +1 = xi = xi = = =
f ' ( xi )
f ( xi )
x2i N f ( x ) = x N 2xi
1 2x2i x2i + N 2 xi 1 x2 i + N 2 xi
1 N xi + 2 xi Statement for Linked Answer Questions 12 and 13: 1 Give a > 0, we wish to calculate its reciprocal value by using Newton Raphson Method for a f(x) = 0. 12. The Newton Raphson algorithm for the function will be [CE: GATE 2005] 1 a a (b) x k + 1 = x k + x 2 (a) x k + 1 = x k + k 2 xk 2
(c) x k + 1 = 2 x k ax 2 k
(d) x k + 1 = x k
a 2 xk 2
12. (c)
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x= 1 1 a =0 a x 1 Let f (x) = a x x n +1 = x n f (x n ) f ' ( xn )
1 a x = xn n 1 2 xn 1 = xn + xn2 a xn = 2x n ax n 2
13. For a = 7 and starting with X0 = 0.2, the first two iterations will be (a) 0.11, 0.1299 (b) 0.12, 0.1392 (c) 0.12, 0.1416 (d) 0.13, 0.1428
13.(b)
x1 = 2x 0 ax 0 2
x2
14. The following equation needs to be numerically solved using the Newton-Raphson method. x3 + 4x 9 = 0 The iterative equation for this purpose is (k indicates the iteration level) [CE: GATE 2007] 3 2 2 xk + 9 3 xk + 4 (b) x k + 1 = (a) x k + 1 = 3 x2 + 4 2 x2 + 9 k k
(c) x k + 1 = x k 3 x 2 + 4 k
(d) x k + 1 =
4 x2 + 3 k 9 x2 + 2 k
14.(a)
Newton Rapshon iteration scheme is
x n +1 = x n = xn
3 n
f ' ( xn )
f ( xn )
x + 4x n 9 3x 2 + 4 n
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= 2x 3 + 9 n 3x 2 + 4 n
15. A 2nd degree polynomial, f(x) has values of 1, 4 and 15 at x = 0, 1 and 2, respectively. The
integral
f(x) dx
0
the error (defined as true value approximate value) in the estimate? 4 2 (a) (b) [CE: GATE 2006] 3 3 2 (c) 0 (d) 3
15. (a)
Given
(x)
1 4
2 15
f(x) 1
f (x) = =
16. The table below gives values of a function F(x) obtained for values of x at intervals of 0.25.
x 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1.0 F(x) 1 0.9412 0.8 0.64 0.50
The value of the integral of the function between the limits 0 to 1 using Simpsons rule is (a) 0.7854 (b) 2.3562 (c) 3.1416 (d) 7.5000
16. (a)
f ( x ) dx = 3 ( y
0
+ y 4 ) + 4 ( y1 + y3 ) + 2y 2
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= 0.7854
17. (a)
f(x) = ex 1
= xn
xn
1
xn
18. (a)
Let f (x) = x 2 117
= xn = =
x 2 117 n 2x n
x 2 + 117 n 2x n 1 117 xn + 2 xn
dx = e 2t u ( t ) has to be solved using trapezoidal rule of integration dt with a step size h=0.01s. Function u(t) indicates a unit step function. If x(0-)=0, then value of x at t=0.01s will be given by [EE: GATE-2008] (a) 0.00099 (b) 0.00495 (c) 0.0099 (d) 0.0198
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dx 1 x = is discretised using Eulers numerical integration dt method with a time step T > 0 .What is the maximum permissible value of T to ensure stability of the solution of the corresponding discrete time equation? [EE: GATE-2007] (a) 1 (b) / 2 (c) (d) 2
49. The differential equation
49. Ans. (d)
20. For k = 0, 1, 2, the steps of Newton-Raphson method for solving a non-linear equation is given as [IE: GATE-2006] 2 5 -2 xk + 1 = xk + xk 3 3 Starting from a suitable initial choice as k tends to , the iterate xk tends to (a) 1.7099 (b) 2.2361 (c) 3.1251 (d) 5.0000
20. (a)
2 5 x k + x k2 3 3 1 5 = x k x k + x k2 3 3 1 x k +1 x k = x k + 5 x k2 3 3 f ( xk ) 1 x3 5 = x k 5 x k2 = k 2 3 f ' ( xk ) 3 3x k x k +1 =
f (x) = x 3 5 (by newton-Rapshon medhod) f (x) = 0 x3 = 5 x = 1.7099 21. Identify the Newton-Raphson iteration scheme for finding the square root of 2. 1 2 1 2 (b) x n + 1 = x n (a) x n + 1 = x n + 2 xn 2 xn (c) x n + 1 = 2 xn (d) x n + 1 = 2 + x n
[IE: GATE-2007]
21.(a)
x= 2 f (x) = x 2 2 N R scheme is
S K Mondal's
x n +1 = x n
= xn = = =
f ' ( xn )
f ( xn )
x2 2 n 2x n
x2 + 2 n 2x n 1 2 xn + 2 xn
(c) 1.6
(d) 1.4
23. (a)
x n +1 = xn 9 ; x 0 = 0.5 + 2 8x n The series converges when x n +1 = x n =
9 4 2 + 9 + = 2 8 8 4 2 = 9 3 = = 1.5 2
1 R x n + can be used to compute the 2 xn [CS: GATE-2008] (b) reciprocal of R (d) logarithm of R
24.(c)
25. Newton-Raphson method is used to compute a root of the equation x2 13 = 0 with 3.5 as the initial value. The approximation after one iteration is [CS: GATE-2010] (a) 3.575 (b) 3.677 (c) 3.667 (d) 3.607
S K Mondal's
f ( x0 )
x1 = x 0
f ' ( x0 )
(3.5 ) = 3.5
= 3.607.
13
2 3.5
26. A piecewise linear function f(x) is plotted using thick solid lines in the figure below (the plot is drawn to scale). [CS: GATE-2003]
f (x) 1.0 a (1.55, 0.5) (0.5, 0.5) d (2.05, 1.0)
x0 0.6
If we use the Newton-Raphson method to find the roots of f(x) = 0 using x0, x1 and x2 respectively as initial guesses, the roots obtained would be (a) 1.3, 0.6 and 0.6 respectively (b) 0.6, 0.6 and 1.3 respectively (c) 1.3, 1.3 and 0.6 respectively (d) 1.3, 0.6 and 1.3 respectively
26. Ans. (d) Starting from x 0 ,
slope of line a =
1 0.5 = 1 0 0.5
y-intercept = 1 Eqn, of a is y = mx + c = 1x + 1 This line will cut x axis (i.e., y = 0), at x = 1 Since x = 1 is > than x = 0.8, a perpendicular at x = 1 will cut the line c and not line b. root will be 1.3 Starting from x1 , the perpendicular at x1 is cutting line b and root will be 0.6. Starting from x 2 , 1 0.5 =1 Slope of line d = 2.05 1.55 Equation of d is y 0.5 = 1(x 1.55) i.e. y = x 1.05 This line will cut x axis at x = 1.05 Since x = 1.05 is > than x = 0.8, the perpendicular at x = 1.05 will cut the line c and not line b. the root will be therefore equal to 1.3. So starting from x 0 , x1 and x 2 the roots will be respectively 1.3, 0.6 and 1.3.
27. The minimum Number of equal lenth subintervals needed to approximater
xe
1
dx to an
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accuracy of at least (a) 1000e 1 10 6 using the trapezoidal rule is 3 (b) 1000 (c) 100e [CS: GATE-2008] (d) 100
27 Ans. (a) Here, the function being integrated is f(x) = xex f(x) = xex + ex = ex (x + 1) f (x) = xex + ex + ex = ex(x + 2) Truncation Error for trapezoidal rule = TE (bound) h3 max|f ( )|.N i = 12 Where Ni is number of subintervals ba Ni = h h3 ba TE = max|f ( )|. 12 h h2 (b a) max|f ( )|1 2 = 12 h2 = (2 1) [e2 (2 + 2)] 12 h2 2 1 = e = 10 6 3 3 106 h2 = 2 e 103 h= e ba Ni = h 2 1 = = 1000 e 103 e
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16.
Transform Theory
Previous years GATE Questions EC All GATE Questions
1 1. Let x(n) = u(n), y(n) = x2(n) and Y(ejw) be the Fourier transform of y(n). Then Y(ej0) is 2 [EC: GATE-2005] 1 4 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) (a) 4 3
1. Ans. (a)
1 x(n) = u(n) 2
1 y(n) = 2
2n
u2 (n)
n
[EC: GATE-2008]
1 for t + 1 x(:) = otherwise 0 Two of the angular frequencies at which its Fourier transform becomes zero are (a) , 2 (b) 0.5 , 1.5 (c) 0, (d) 2, 2.5
2. Ans. (a)
Given :
S K Mondal's
=
3. Consider the function f(t) having Laplace transform F(s) = 2 0 2 Re[s] > 0 s + 0 The final value of f(t) would be
[EC: GATE-2006]
(b) 1 (d)
As Thus,
f(t) 1 0 1
T=
2 0 t
4. Given that F(s) is the one-sided Laplace transform of f(t), the Laplace transform of
f( ) d
0
F( ) d
0
(d)
1 [F(s) f(0)] 2
f( ) d =
0
(Lapalace formule)
3s + 1 5. Given f(t) = L1 3 . If lim f (t ) = 1, then the value of K is 2 t s + 4s + ( K 3 ) s (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
5. Ans. (d)
[EC: GATE-2010]
S K Mondal's
3s + 1 f ( t ) = L1 3 2 s + 4s + ( K 3 ) s F (s ) = L f ( t )
K 3 = 1 K = 4
5 6 6 5 5 6 <|z|< 6 5
(b) |z|>
(c)
(d)
6. The region of convergence of Z-transform of the sequence n n 5 6 u(n) u( n 1) must be 6 5 6. Ans. (c)
5 6 f(n) = u(n) u( n 1) 6 5
Now,
6 5 = 5 6
n
or
5 6 5 5 = . 6 5 6 6
n
n 1
7. Consider the z-transform X(z) = 5z2 + 4z-1 + 3; 0 < |z| < . The inverse z-transform x[n] is [EC: GATE-2010] (a) 5 [n + 2] + 3 [n] + 4 [n 1] (b) 5 [n 2] + 3 [n] + 4 [n + 1]
S K Mondal's
(c) 5 u[n + 2] + 3 u[n] + 4 u[n 1]
7. Ans. (a) x(z) = 5z2 + 4z-1 + 3 0<IZl < x[n] = 5 [n + 2] + 4 [n 1] + 3 [n]
F = e st f(t) dt. For f(t) = cos h mt, the Laplace transformation is..[ME: GATE-1994]
0
s 8. Ans. 2 s m2
9. The Laplace transform of cos t is (a) True 9. Ans. (b)False Laplace transform of cos t is (b)False
w . + 2
2
[ME: GATE-1995]
w . 2
2
10. (s+1)-2 is the Laplace transform of (b) t3 (c) e-2t (a) t2 10. Ans.(d)
11. Laplace transform of (a + bt)2 where a and b are constants is given by:
(a) (a+bs)2
(b)
1 (a+bs)2
(c)
a 2ab 2b + 2 + 3 s s s
1 s
Laplace transform of t n =
Ln sn + 1
a2 2b2 2ab + 3 + 2 s s s
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12. The Laplace transform of the function sin2 2t is (b) s/(s2+16) (a) (1/2s)-s/[2(s2+16)] (d) s/(s2+4) (c) (1/s)-s/(s2+4) 12. Ans.(a) 1 cos 4t sin2 2t= 2 s 1 s 1 cos 4t 1 1 L. = 2 = 2 2 2 s s + 16 2s (s + 16)
[ME: GATE-2000]
13. Laplace transform of the function sin t s (a) 2 (b) 2 2 s + s + 2 13. Ans. (b) L[sin t] = 2 s + 2
s (c) 2 s 2
(a) a.e-as
14. Ans. (d)
(b)
e-es s
(c)
ees s
(d)
eas s
15. If F(s) is the Laplace transform of function f (t), then Laplace transform of
f ( )d is
0
[ME: GATE-2007]
(a)
1 F(s) s
(b)
1 F(s) - f(0) s
(c) sF ( s ) f (0)
(d) F (s ) ds
15. Ans. (a) t 1 L f(t) dt = F(s) 0 s 16. The Inverse Laplace transform of (a) 1 + et 16. Ans. (c) (b) 1-et
1 is (S + S )
2
(b) 1- e-t
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1 L1 2 =? s +s 1 1 1 1 = = 2 s + s s(s + 1) s s + 1 1 1 1 L1 2 =L1 L1 =1-e t s s + 1 s +s Using standard formulae ] Standard formula: [ 1 L1 = 1 s 1 = e at L1 s+a 1 = eat L1 sa
(b) t+1+e-t
(c) -1+e-t
L[ f (t )] =
1 S ( S + 1)
2
1 f (t ) = L1 2 S ( S + 1) 1 t L1 =e S + 1 1 t t t L1 = e dt = 1 e S ( S + 1) 0
t 1 t t L 2 = 1 e = t 1 + e S ( S + 1) 0
1
= = a s2 + a 2
e
e
0
st
f(t) dt
sin(at) dt
st
S K Mondal's
19. Laplace transform for the function f(x) = cosh (ax) is a s (a) 2 (b) 2 2 s a s a2 a s (d) 2 (c) 2 2 s +a s + a2 19. Ans. (b) It is a standard result that
L (cosh at) =
Q3.
s . s a2
2
There are two containers, with one containing 4 Red and 3 Green balls and the other containing Blue and 4 Green balls. One bal is drawn at random form each container. The probability that one of the ball is Red and the other is Blue will be (a) 1/7 (b) 9/49 (c) 12/49 (d) 3/7 [CE-
1 1 (1 e 3 t ) (a) 3 e 3 t 0
1 t 1 (e e 3 t ) (b) 3 e t 0
1 (d) 0
(1 e )
t
e t
S K Mondal's
1 s Adj (sI A) ( sI A ) = = sI A 0 s + 3 s + 3 0 s + 3 1 1 s 0 s = . = s 1 s (s + 3) 0 s + 3
1 1
1 s = 0
1 s (s + 3) 1 s+3
1
( t ) = L1 ( sI A ) 1 3 t 1 3 (1 e ) = e 3 t 0
21. The state transition equation t e t t e t (a) X ( t ) = t (b) X ( t ) = 3t e 3e 3 t t e t e 3t (c) X ( t ) = (d) X ( t ) = t 3 t 3e e 21. Ans. (c) zero state response =L1 ( s ) BU ( S )
[EE: GATE-2005]
1 1 s s(s + 3) 1 1 = L1 1 0 s 0 s+3 1 t = L1 s 2 = 0 0 State transition equation =zero input response+zero state response. X ( t ) = ( X ) X (0) + t 1 + 1 e 3 t t t e 3 t = + = 3 t 3 t 0 + 3e 0 3e 1 1 1 22. Let x(t)= rect t (where rect (x) =1 for x and zero otherwise). Then if since 2 2 2 sin( x ) (x)= , the Fourier Transform of x(t)+x(-t) will be given by [EE: GATE-2008] x (a) sinc 2 (b) 2sinc 2
S K Mondal's
(c) 2sinc 2 cos 2 (d) sinc 2 sin 2
S K Mondal's
x ( t ) e
jt
at
1 1 (e jt )1 = (1 e j ) 0 j j
j j 1 e 2 e 2 = j j e2 j j 2 e 2 e 2 = 2j
j .e 2
F x (t ) =
sin
2e /2
j 2
x ( t ) = t , 1 t 0 = 0, otherwise F x ( t ) =
0
x ( t )e
jt
at
= 1. e jt at
1 0 1 e j t 1 j 1 = 1 e j 1 j
j j 1 j2 e e 2 e 2 j
j j 2 e 2 e 2 = 2j
j e 2
F x ( t ) =
sin
2 e2 /2
F x ( t ) + x ( t ) =
sin
j j 2 e 2 + e 2 /2
sin
S K Mondal's
23. Let s(t) be the step response of a linear system with zero initial conditions; then the response of this system to an input u(t) is [EE: GATE-2002]
(a) (c)
s(t )u ( ) d
0
(b)
d
t d s ( t ) u ( ) d dt 0
s(t ) u ( ) d
1 0 0
(d)
s(t ) u ( ) d
2 0
23. Ans. (b) 24. Let Y(s) be the Laplace transformation of the function y (t), then final value of the function is [EE: GATE-2002] (a) LimY ( s ) (b) LimY ( s ) (c) Lim sY ( s )
s 0 s 0
(d) Lim sY ( s )
s
5 where F(s) is the Laplace transform of the s(s + 3s + 2) function f(t).The initial value of f(t) is equal to [EE: GATE-2004] 5 5 (a) 5 (b) (c) (d) 0 2 3 25. Ans. (d) 5 Initial value= Lim F (s ) = Lim 2 =0 S S s + 3s + 2
2
(a) 3
(b) 5
(c)
(d)
[EE: GATE-2005]
27. If u(t), r(t) denote the unit step an unit ramp functions respectively and u(t)* r(t) their [EE: GATE-2007] convolution, then the function u(t+1)* r(t-2) is given by (a) (1/2)(t-1) (t-2) (b) (1/2)(t-1)(t-2) (c) (1/2)(t-1)2u(t-1) (d) None of these 27. Ans. (c) 1 s L u ( t + 1) = e s 1 2 se L r ( t 2 ) = 2 e s e s 1 1 L 1 e s 2 e 2 s = L 1 3 s s s
( )
1 2 ( t 1) u ( t 1) 2
dy ( t ) dt
+ y (t ) = (t )
S K Mondal's
Where ( t ) is the delta function. Assuming zero initial condition, and denoting the unit step function by u ( t ) , y ( t ) can be of the form et (b) e-t (c) etu(t)
[EE: GATE-2008]
(d)
e-tu(t)
sy(s) -y(o)+y(0)=1
(s + 1)y ( s ) 0 = 1
y (s ) =
Common Data for Questions 30 and 31: Given f(t) and g(t) as shown below:
[EE: GATE-2010]
t (b) g (t ) = f 3 2 t 3 (d) g (t ) = f 2 2
[EE: GATE-2010]
32. If u(t) is the unit step and (t) is the unit impulse function, the inverse z-transform of 1 F(z)= for k>0 is [EE: GATE-2005] z +1
S K Mondal's k
k
(a) ( 1) ( k ) (c) ( 1) u( k )
z 1 F ( z ) = 8 ( t ) 1n
( )
1 z n z z a = a
12.
[EE: GATE-2006]
y ( t ) x ( t ' ) dt '
t
(a) has no finite singularities in its double sided Laplace Transfrom Y(s) (b) Produces a bounded output for every causal bounded input (c) Produces a bounded output for every anticausal bounded input (d) has no finite zeroes in its double sided Laplace Transfrom Y(s)
12. Ans. (b)
27. The state transition matrix for the system X = AX with initial state X(0) is [EE: GATE-2002] (a) (sI-A)-1 (b) eA tX(0) (c) Laplace inverse of [(s I-A)-1] (d) Laplace inverse of [(sI-A)-1X (0)] 27. Ans. (c)
4.
[EC: GATE-2008]
2 e2 e1 3 e1 + 2 e2 e1 e2 e1 + 2 e2
3 e1 e2 4 e2 + e1
4. Ans. (d)
eP = L1[(sI P)1]
and where
0 1 P= 2 3
1 s (sI P)1 = 2 s + 3
1
S K Mondal's
s + 3 1 1 (s + 1) (s + 2) 2 s s+3 1 (s + 1) (s + 2) (s + 1) (s + 2) = 2 s (s + 1) (s + 2) (s + 1) (s + 2)
2 1 s + 1 s + 2 eP = L1 2 + 2 s + 1 s + 2 2 e1 + e2 = 1 2 2 e + 2 e
1 1 s + 1 s + 2 2 1 s + 2 s + 1
e 1 e 2 2 e2 e1
Q40.
Let the Laplace transform of a function f ( t ) which exists for t > 0 be F1 ( s ) and the Laplace transform of its delayed version f ( t - ) be F2 ( s ) . Let F *1 ( s ) be the complex conjugate F1 ( s ) with the Laplace variable set as s = + j . If G ( s ) = then the inverse Laplace transform of G ( s ) is (c) An ideal step function u ( t ) (a) An ideal impulse ( t )
F2 ( s ) .F *2 ( s ) F1 ( s )
2
Ans.
[EE-2011] (b)
34. If the waveform, shown in the following figure, corresponds to the second derivative of a given function f (t), then the Fourier transform of f (t) is
(a) 1 + sin 2(1 cos ) (c) 2 (b) 1 + cos 2(1 + cos ) (d) 2
[IE: GATE-2006]
S K Mondal's 2
d f(t) dt2 1 t
+1
2 34. Ans. (c) d 2 f(t) = (t 1) + (t + 1) 2 (t) dt 2 Taking Laplace transform of both sides, we get s2 F(s) = es + es 2 (j) 2 F (j) = ej + ej 2 2(1 cos ) F (j) = 2
35. The Fourier transform of a function g (t) is given as 2 + 21 G() = 2 +9 Then the function g (t) is given as (a) (t) + 2 exp (3|t|) (b) cos 3t + 21 exp (3t) (c) sin 3t + 7 cos t (d) sin 3t + 21 exp (3t) 35. Ans. (a) g(t) = (t) + 2 exp. (3|t|) Taking Laplace transform both sides,
[IE: GATE-2006]
G () = 1+2
= 1+2
0
exp (3 j ) t . dt + 2 exp ( 3 j ) t . dt
0
2 2 + = 1+ 3 j 3 + j G () =
2 + 21 2 + 9
36. The Fourier transform of x(t) = eat u(t), where u(t) is the unit step function, [IE: GATE-2008] (a) Exists for any real value of a (b) Does not exist for any real value of a (c) Exists if the real value of a is strictly negative (d) Exists if the real value of a is strictly positive 36. Ans. (d)
S K Mondal's
37. The fundamental period of x(t) = 2 sin t + 3 sin 3t, with t expressed in seconds, is [IE: GATE-2009] (a) 1 s (b) 0.67 s (c) 2 s (d) 3s 37. Ans. (d) H.C.F. of 2 and 3 is 6. Then, fundamental frequency = 6 6 Period, T = = 3 sec 2 38. u(t) represents the unit step function. The Laplace transform of u(t ) is [IE: GATE-2010] 1 (a) s (c) 1 (b) s
e s (d) es s 38. Ans. (c) f(t) = u(t ) L{f(t)} = L{u(t )} e s F(s) = s 39. A measurement system with input x(t) and output y(t) is described by the different dy equation 3 [IE: GATE-2010] + 5y = 8x. The static sensitivity of the system is dt (a) 0.60 (b) 1.60 (c) 1.67 (d) 2.67 39. Ans. (d) 3 dy + 5 y = 8x dt Taking Laplace transform, we have 3sy(s) + 5y(s) = 8X(s) y(s) [3s + 5] = 8X(s) y(s) 8 = 3s + 5 x(s) For static sensitivity, s 0 Y(s) 8 8 1 = 1.6 = = 5 5 X(s) 3 0+ 3
40. The fundamental period of the discrete-time signal x[n] = e 6 is [IE: GATE-2008] 6 12 (a) (b) (c) 6 (d) 12 5 5 40. Ans. (b) 5 = 6 2 5 = or T 6 12 or T= 5
5 j n
S K Mondal's
2 is controlled by a PI controller with Kp = 1 and Ki s(s + 3) 0 in a unity feedback configuration. The lowest value of Ki that ensures zero steady state error for a step change in the reference input is [IE: GATE-2009] 1 1 (a) 0 (b) (c) (d) 1 3 2 41. Ans. (b) k 2 G(s) = k p + i s s(s + 3)
41. A plant with a transfer function
ess = lim
s 0
sR(s) 1 + G (s)
1 R(s) = s
= lim
s 0
Lowest value of ki =
1 for Gs to be zero. 3