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    I Ntroduction: Applet: Making Web Interactive and Application Delivery Media How Applets Differ From Applications

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    Vincent Jay Saquiton
    Applets are small Java programs that can be embedded in web pages and transported over the Internet. They allow web pages to be interactive and support application delivery via the web. Applets have restrictions compared to standalone applications for security reasons, such as not being able to access local files. Applets go through lifecycle stages including initialization, running, display, idle, and destruction. Parameters can be passed to applets and they can make web pages interactive by allowing user input.

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    I Ntroduction: Applet: Making Web Interactive and Application Delivery Media How Applets Differ From Applications

    Uploaded by

    Vincent Jay Saquiton
    21 views4 pages
    Applets are small Java programs that can be embedded in web pages and transported over the Internet. They allow web pages to be interactive and support application delivery via the web. Applets have restrictions compared to standalone applications for security reasons, such as not being able to access local files. Applets go through lifecycle stages including initialization, running, display, idle, and destruction. Parameters can be passed to applets and they can make web pages interactive by allowing user input.

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    Applets

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    Applets are small Java programs that can be embedded in web pages and transported over the Internet. They allow web pages to be interactive and support application delivery via the web. Applets have restrictions compared to standalone applications for security reasons, such as not being able to access local files. Applets go through lifecycle stages including initialization, running, display, idle, and destruction. Parameters can be passed to applets and they can make web pages interactive by allowing user input.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    21 views4 pages

    I Ntroduction: Applet: Making Web Interactive and Application Delivery Media How Applets Differ From Applications

    Uploaded by

    Vincent Jay Saquiton
    Applets are small Java programs that can be embedded in web pages and transported over the Internet. They allow web pages to be interactive and support application delivery via the web. Applets have restrictions compared to standalone applications for security reasons, such as not being able to access local files. Applets go through lifecycle stages including initialization, running, display, idle, and destruction. Parameters can be passed to applets and they can make web pages interactive by allowing user input.

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    of 4

    Introduction

    Applets are small Java programs that are embedded in Web pages. They can be transported over the I nternet from one computer (web server) to another (client computers). They transform web into rich media and support the delivery of applications via the I nternet.

    Applets Programming
    Enabling Application Delivery Via the Web

    Applet: Making Web Interactive and Application Delivery Media


    1 APPLET Development hello.java AT SUN.COM 2 hello.class AT SUNS WEB SERVER 3 Create Applet tag in HTML document 4 Accessing from Your Organisation 5 The browser creates a new window and a new thread and then runs the code

    How Applets Differ from Applications


    Although both the Applets and stand-alone applications are Java programs, there are certain restrictions are imposed on Applets due to security concerns:

    The above restrictions ensures that an Applet cannot do any damage to the local system.

    Building Applet Code: An Example


    / / HelloWorldApplet.java import java.applet.Applet; import java.awt.* ; public class HelloWorldApplet extends Applet { public void paint(Graphics g) { g.drawString ("Hello World of Java!",25, 25); } }

    Embedding Applet in Web Page


    < HTML> < HEAD> < TITLE> Hello World Applet < / TITLE> < / HEAD> < body> < h1> Hi, This is My First Java Applet on the Web!< / h1> < APPLET CODE= "HelloWorldApplet.class" width= 500 height= 400> < / APPLET> < / body> < / HTML>

    Hello

    <app= Hello>

    The Internet

    Hello Java

    Applets dont use the main() method, but when they are load, automatically call certain methods (init, start, paint, stop, destroy). They are embedded inside a web page and executed in browsers. They cannot read from or write to the files on local computer. They cannot communicate with other servers on the network. They cannot run any programs from the local computer. They are restricted from using libraries from other languages.

    Accessing Web page (runs Applet)

    Applet Life Cycle


    Every applet inherits a set of default behaviours from the Applet class. As a result, when an applet is loaded, it undergoes a series of changes in its state. The applet states include:
    Initialisation invokes init() Running invokes start() Display invokes paint() Idle invokes stop() Dead/ Destroyed State invokes destroy()

    Applet States
    Initialisation invokes init() only once

    Applet Life Cycle Diagram


    Begin init() Born stop() start()

    Invoked when applet is first loaded.

    Running invokes start() more than once


    For the first time, it is called automatically by the system after init() method execution. It is also invoked when applet moves from idle/ stop() state to active state. For example, when we return back to the Web page after temporary visiting other pages.

    Running

    Idle

    Display invokes paint() - more than once


    It happens immediately after the applet enters into the running state. I t is responsible for displaying output.

    Idle invokes stop() - more than once


    It is invoked when the applet is stopped from running. For example, it occurs when we leave a web page.

    paint()

    destroy() start() Dead End

    Dead/Destroyed State invokes destroy() - only once


    This occurs automatically by invoking destroy() method when we quite the browser.
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    Passing Parameters to Applet


    < HTML> < HEAD> < TITLE> Hello World Applet < / TITLE> < / HEAD> < body> < h1> Hi, This is My First Communicating Applet on the Web!< /h1> < APPLET CODE= "HelloAppletMsg.class" width= 500 height= 400> < PARAM NAME= "Greetings" VALUE= "Hello Friend, How are you?"> < / APPLET> < / body> < / HTML>
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    Applet Program Accepting Parameters


    / / HelloAppletMsg.java import java.applet.Applet; import java.awt.* ; public class HelloAppletMsg extends Applet { String msg; public void init() { msg = getParameter("Greetings"); if( msg = = null) msg = "Hello"; } public void paint(Graphics g) { g.drawString (msg,10, 100); } }

    This is name of parameter specified in PARAM tag; This method returns the value of paramter.
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    HelloAppletMsg.html

    What happen if we dont pass parameter? See HelloAppletMsg1.html


    < HTML> < HEAD> < TITLE> Hello World Applet < / TITLE> < / HEAD> < body> < h1> Hi, This is My First Communicating Applet on the Web!< /h1> < APPLET CODE= "HelloAppletMsg.class" width= 500 height= 400> < / APPLET> < / body> < / HTML>

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    getParameter() returns null. Some default value may be used.

    Displaying Numeric Values


    // SumNums.java import java.applet.Applet; import java.awt.* ; public class SumNums extends Applet { public void paint(Graphics g) { int num1 = 10; int num2 = 20; int sum = num1 + num2; String str = "Sum: "+ String.valueOf(sum); g.drawString (str,100, 125); } }

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    SunNums.html
    < HTML> < HEAD> < TITLE> Hello World Applet < / TITLE> < / HEAD> < body> < h1> Sum of Numbers< / h1> < APPLET CODE= "SumNums.class" width= 500 height= 400> < / APPLET> < / body> < / HTML>

    Applet Sum Numbers

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    Interactive Applets
    Applets work in a graphical environment. Therefore, applets treats inputs as text strings. We need to create an area on the screen in which use can type and edit input items. We can do this using TextField class of the applet package. When data is entered, an event is generated. This can be used to refresh the applet output based on input values.

    Interactive Applet Program..(cont)


    / / SumNumsInteractive..java import java.applet.Applet; import java.awt.* ; public class SumNumsI nteractive extends Applet { TextField text1, text2; public void init() { text1 = new TextField(10); text2 = new TextField(10); text1.setText("0"); text2.setText("0"); add(text1); add(text2); } public void paint(Graphics g) { int num1 = 0; int num2 = 0; int sum; String s1, s2, s3; g.drawString("I nput a number in each box ", 10, 50); try { s1 = text1.getText(); num1 = Integer.parseInt(s1); s2 = text2.getText(); num2 = Integer.parseInt(s2); } catch(Exception e1) {}

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    Interactive Applet Program.


    sum = num1 + num2; String str = "THE SUM IS: "+ String.valueOf(sum); g.drawString (str,100, 125); } public boolean action(Event ev, Object obj) { repaint(); return true; } }

    Interactive Applet Execution

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    Summary
    Applets are designed to operate in Internet and Web environment. They enable the delivery of applications via the Web. This is demonstrate by things that we learned in this lecture such as:

    How do applets differ from applications? Life cycles of applets How to design applets? How to execute applets? How to provide interactive inputs?

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