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PATHO of Leukemia
PATHO of Leukemia
e,etc.) Bone marrow hypoplasia (Fanconis anemia, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and myelodysplastic syndromes) Genetic factors (Down syndrome, blooms syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, and Fanconis anemia) Immunologic factors (immune deficiencies) Age (Both AML and CLL are more often seen in adults while ALL is commonly seen in children)
Precipitating: Unknown
Can cause
Causes
Causes
Causes
Oncogenic transformation into a leukemic stem cell occurs at different stages of normal hematopoietic cellular maturation
Leukemic cells to lose its normal property of apoptosis, or programmed cell death.
Which will result to
Causes
prolonged life span of leukemic cells and are capable of unrestricted clonal proliferation.
Causes to
Blast crisis to occur which resembles acute leukemia after a relatively slow course for a median period of 4 years,
Resulting to
have favorable competitive advantage over normal hematopoietic cells since transformed cells lack normal regulatory and growth constraints
Results to
Increase numbers of blast cells proliferate in the blood and bone marrow.
Causing
Infiltration of leukemic cells to other bodily tissues, causing many clinically significant complications including CNS involvement, pulmonary dysfunction, or skin and gingival infiltration.
Which further leads to
Blast cells and promyelocytes exceed 20 % in the blood and 30% in the marrow during blast crisis as evidenced by increased fibrotic tissue in the marrow, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia.
Which further leads to
CHRONIC LEUKEMIA
ACUTE LEUKEMIA
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:
Respiratory Manifestations:
Integumantary Manifestations:
Ecchymoses Petechiae Open infected lesions Pallor of the conjunctiva, nail beds, palmar creases, and around the mouth.
Dyspnea on exertion.
Neurologic Manifestations:
Gastrointestinal Manifestations:
Musculoskeletal Manifestations:
Renal Manifestations:
Hematuria
Cardiovascular Manifestations: