Tolerancing: Topics Exercises
Tolerancing: Topics Exercises
Topics Exercises
Tolerancing: Topics
Summary 4.1) Tolerancing and Interchangeability 4.2) Tolerancing Standards 4.3) Tolerance Types 4.4) General Definitions 4.5) Inch Tolerances 4.6) Metric Tolerances 4.7) Selecting Tolerances 4.8) Tolerance Accumulation 4.9) Formatting Tolerances
Copyright 2010 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only
Tolerancing: Exercises
Exercise 4-1: Inch tolerance definitions Exercise 4-2: Types of fit Exercise 4-3: Determining fit type Exercise 4-4: Limits and fits Exercise 4-5: Milling jack assembly tolerances Exercise 4-6: Millimeter tolerance definitions Exercise 4-7: Metric fit designation Exercise 4-8: Systems Exercise 4-9: Metric limits and fits Exercise 4-10: Tolerance accumulation Exercise 4-11: Over dimensioning
Copyright 2010 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only
Tolerancing
Summary
Summary
What will we learn in Chapter 4?
We will learn about tolerancing and how important this technique is to mass production.
Key points
If a features size is toleranced, it is allowed to vary within a range of values or limits. Tolerancing enables an engineer to design interchangeable or replacement parts.
Copyright 2010 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only
Tolerancing
Tolerancing / Interchangeability
Tolerancing is dimensioning for interchangeability. What is interchangeability?
An interchangeable part is simply a mass produced part (a replacement part).
Tolerancing / Interchangeability
How is a feature on an interchangeable part dimensioned?
The feature is not dimensioned using a single value, but a range of values. 1.005 1.00 .994
Tolerancing / Interchangeability
A tolerance is the amount of size variation permitted.
You can choose a tolerance that specifies a large or small variation. 1.005 Size limits = .994 Tolerance = 1.005 - .994 = .011
Tolerancing / Interchangeability
Why do we want a parts size to be controlled by two limits?
It is necessary because it is impossible to manufacture parts without some variation. The stated limits are a form of quality control.
Tolerancing / Interchangeability
Choosing a tolerance for your design.
Specify a tolerance with whatever degree of accuracy that is required for the design to work properly.
Tolerancing / Interchangeability
Choosing the correct tolerance for a particular application depends on:
the design intent (end use) of the part cost how it is manufactured experience
Tolerancing
Tolerancing Standards
Standards are needed to;
make it possible to manufacture parts at different times and in different places that still assemble properly.
Tolerancing Standards
The two most common standards agencies are;
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) / (ASME) International Standards Organization (ISO).
Tolerancing
Tolerance Types
The tolerancing methods presented are:
Limit dimensions Plus or minus tolerances Page or block tolerances
1. Limit Dimensions
Limits are the maximum and minimum size that a part can obtain and still pass inspection.
For example, the diameter of a shaft might be specified as follows.
Tolerancing
Shaft-Hole Assembly
Used to illustrate concepts and definitions. Both the shaft and the hole are allowed to vary between a maximum and minimum diameter.
Tolerancing
Exercise 4-2
Exercise 4-2
Fill in the following table.
.01
Exercise 4-2
Fill in the following table.
MMC LMC
Copyright 2010 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only
Exercise 4-2
Fill in the following table.
Exercise 4-2
What does a negative clearance mean?
Types of Fits
There are four major types of fits.
Clearance Fit Interference Fit Transition Fit Line Fit
Types of Fits
What is a clearance fit?
There is always a space. Min. Clearance > 0
Types of Fits
What is an interference fit?
There is never a space.
Max. Clearance 0
Types of Fits
What is a transition fit?
Depending on the sizes of the shaft and hole there could be a space or no space. Max. Clearance > 0 Min. Clearance < 0
Types of Fits
What is a line fit?
There is a space or a contact (hole dia = shaft dia) Max. Clearance > 0 Min. Clearance = 0
Exercise 4-3
Types of fits
Exercise 4-3
From everyday life, list some examples of clearance and interference fits.
Fit Clearance Example
Lock and Key Door and Door frame Coin and Coin slot Pin in a bicycle chain Hinge pin
Interference
Exercise 4-4
Exercise 4-4
Determine the basic size and type of fit given the limits for the shaft and hole.
Shaft Limits 1.498 - 1.500 .751 - .755 .373 - .378 .247 - .250 Hole Limits 1.503 - 1.505 .747 - .750 .371 - .375 .250 - .255 Basic Size 1.5 .75 .375 .25 Type of fit Clearance Interference Transition Line
Exercise 4-5
Exercise 4-5
Given a basic size of .50 inches and a fit of RC8, calculate the limits for both the hole and the shaft.
Use the ANSI limits and fit tables given in Appendix A.
Page A-2
Exercise 4-5
Given a basic size of .50 inches and a fit of RC8, calculate the limits forare thethe What both units? hole and the shaft. See page A-1.
Standard Limits Hole = +2.8 Standard Limits Shaft = -3.5 0 -5.1
These are the values that we add/subtract from the basic size to obtain the limits.
Copyright 2010 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only
Exercise 4-5
Given a basic size of .50 inches and a fit of RC8, calculate the limits for both the hole and the shaft.
Hole Limts = .50 - 0 = .5000 .50 + .0028 = .5028 Shaft Limits = .50 - .0035 = .4965 .50 - .0051 = .4949
Copyright 2010 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only
Exercise 4-6
Exercise 4-6
Consider the Milling Jack assembly shown.
Notice that there are many parts that fit into or around other parts. Each of these parts is toleranced to ensure proper fit and function.
Copyright 2010 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only
The V-Anvil fits into the Sliding Screw with a RC4 fit. The basic size is .375 (3/8). Determine the limits for both parts.
The V-Anvil fits into the Sliding Screw with a RC4 fit. The basic size is .375 (3/8). What are the limits?
.3750 - .3759
.3739 - .3745
The Sliding Screw fits into the Base with a RC5 fit. The basic size is .625 (5/8). Determine the limits for both parts.
The Sliding Screw fits into the Base with a RC5 fit. The basic size is .625 (5/8). What are the limits?
.625 - .626
.6231 - .6238
Tolerancing
Exercise 4-7
Exercise 4-7
Fill in the following table.
0.2
Exercise 4-7
Fill in the following table.
UD LD FD
Copyright 2010 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only
Hole 0 0.2 0
Exercise 4-7
Fill in the following table.
Type of fit
Interference
The difference between Hole H9/d9Shaft Basis Fits will be running D9/h9 Free and H8/f7 Close running discussed inF8/h7 an upcoming H7/g6 G7/h6 Sliding section.
H7/h6 H7/k6 or H7/n6 H7/p6 H7/h6 K7/h6 or N7/h6 P7/h6
H7/s6 H7/u6
Copyright 2010 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only
S7/h6 U7/h6
Tolerance Designation
A Metric fit is specified by stating the fundamental deviation and the IT#. Remember!
IT# = the amount that the dimension can vary (tolerance zone size). Fundamental deviation (letter) = establishes the position of the tolerance zone with respect to the basic size. Hole = upper case Shaft = lower case
Copyright 2010 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only
Tolerance Designation
Fits are specified by using the:
fundamental deviation (letter) IT# (International Tolerance Grade #).
Exercise 4-8
Basic size
Fundamental Deviation
IT#
Exercise 4-9
Systems
Exercise 4-9
Identify the type of fit and the system used to determine the limits of the following shaft and hole pairs
Shaft
9.972 - 9.987
Hole
10.000 - 10.022
Interference Shaft
Exercise 4-10
Exercise 4-10
Find the limits, tolerance, type of fit, and type of system for a n30 H11/c11 fit.
Use the tolerance tables given in Appendix A.
Page A-8
Exercise 4-10
Find the limits, tolerance, type of fit, and type of system for a n30 H11/c11 fit.
Limits Tolerance 0.13 0.13 Hole System Clearance Loose Running Fit Shaft 29.760 - 29.890 Hole 30.000 - 30.130
Exercise 4-10
Find the limits, tolerance, type of fit, and type of system for a n30 P7/h6 fit.
Use the tolerance tables given in Appendix A.
Page A-11
Exercise 4-10
Find the limits, tolerance, type of fit, and type of system for a n30 P7/h6 fit.
Limits Tolerance 0.013 0.021 Shaft System Locational Interference Fit Shaft 29.987 - 30.000 Hole 29.965 29.986
Tolerancing
Selecting Tolerances
Tolerances will govern the method of manufacturing.
When the tolerances are reduced, the cost of manufacturing rises very rapidly. Specify as generous a tolerance as possible without interfering with the function of the part.
Selecting Tolerances
Choosing the most appropriate tolerance depends on many factors such as;
length of engagement, bearing load, speed, lubrication, temperature, humidity, and material.
Tolerancing
Tolerance Accumulation
The tolerance between two features of a part depends on the number of controlling dimensions.
Tolerance Accumulation
The distance could be controlled by a single dimension or multiple dimensions.
Tolerance Accumulation
The maximum variation between two features is equal to the sum of the tolerances placed on the controlling dimensions.
Tolerance Accumulation
As the number of controlling dimensions increases, the tolerance accumulation increases.
Tolerance Accumulation
Remember, even if the dimension does not have a stated tolerance, it has an implied tolerance.
Exercise 4-11
Tolerance Accumulation
Exercise 4-11
What is the tolerance accumulation for the distance between surface A and B for the following three dimensioning methods?
70 0.3
70 0.2
109.9
40.1
69.8
70 0.1
Exercise 4-11
If the accuracy of the distance between surface A and B is important, which dimensioning method should be used?
Exercise 4-12
Over dimensioning
Assuming that the diameter dimensions are correct, explain why this object is dimensioned incorrectly.
Tolerancing
The person reading the print has to have access to the standard fit tables.
Copyright 2010 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only
Both the plus and minus values have the same number of decimal places.
The number of decimal places in the basic dimension does not have to match the number of decimal places in the tolerance.
The basic dimension and the plus and minus values should have the same number of decimal places.
The number of decimal places in the basic dimension should match the number of decimal places in the tolerance.
Both the angle and the plus and minus values have the same number of decimal places.
Tolerancing
The End