Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1881 Iowa Settlers Manual - Making
1881 Iowa Settlers Manual - Making
TO THE
RD
?rii^PBM-^JiM^|iijsi:Mi.,c|-i-4
THIS BOOK
IS
By
B. F.
GUE,
'^^^^Tj
EDIT OR
rts
144
remain half an
liour.
lye, as
much
and bring
air
it to
and
let it
is sufl&cient;
wash well
in
hard soap-suds, soak one hour, and afterward wash in hard water.
Coloring Cotton Blue.
Take two pounds of copperas, one-half pound of prussiate of potash, oil of vitrol. Dissolve the copperas in enough water to cover the goods, and scald two hours. Take out the goods and rinse in cold water; then empty the kettle and put in fresh soft water, sufficient to
one pound
cover the goods well; add the prussiate of potash, put in the goods and
boil
oil
twenty minutes;
then take out the goods and to the liquor add the
Put
in the
let
them remain
Rinse
in cold water.
Copper and Brass Kettles, Used for Dyeing, to Clean. you have been dyeing any color in your copper or brass boiler, it
quently tinged with the dye used;
it is oil
After
is
fre-
must afterwards be
CEMENTS.
For Fastening Blades,
chalk
1,
Files,
Etc.
Shellac
2 parts, prepared
is filled
The opening
of the blade
with
the powder, the lower end of the iron heated and pressed
in.
Consists of
and brick-dust.
in the east for uniting jewels, glass
Cement used
in just as
and metals
Dis-
solve 5 or 6 pieces of
gum
much
in
will
steeping
it
water
having dried
of
it,
dissolve as
much
brandy as
dissolved.
make
bits
gum ammoniacum,
145
For Aquariums.
The
following
is
respondent of the Boston Journal of Chemistry. Take 10 parts by measure of litharge, 10 parts of plaster of Paris, 10 parts of dry white
sand, 1 part of finely powdered resin, and
for
stifi"
This
will
stick to
It is also
good
It is better
White
all
lead
oil
affords
It
requires
cement capable of repairing fractured bodies of a few weeks to harden. When stone or iron
are t be
Chinese.
that
it will
Dissolve
shellac in
enough
rectified
spirits
to
make
often shown
in Japan, China,
Where
this composition is
used
to join
wood
and lances,
the
fluid is thinly
left to the
next day.
mend
glass, china
For China.
Grind
some lime
into
tie
some
in a
thin piece of muslin, then wet the edges of the broken china with the
it,
An
is
parts of melted glue, of the consistency used by carpenters, with four parts of linseed
oil,
cement
with
and casks
its
air-tight
and water-tight.
A compound of glue,
one-fourth
cement
glass, metal and wood to one another. Fresh-made cheese curd, and old skim-milk cheese, boiled in water to a slimy consistence, dis-
146
good cement.
White
cloth,
plaster
Cement, Alabaster and Plaster. Ornaments of alabaster or may be joined together by means of a little white of egg, thickfinely
and
quantity of water.
Egg Cement.
lime.
White of
egg thickened with finely powdered quickglass, china, marble, alabaster, spar
Use: To
etc.
mend earthenware,
ornaments,
GtErman Cement An excellent cement for glass or earthenware is made as follows: Take two parts gum shellac and one part Venice
turpentine; fuse together in an iron pot; and,
into sticks.
when
partially cool,
form
When
Care must
be taken, while fusing the material to keep the vessel closed, as the turpentine
is
very inflammable;
or,
flint glass;
oil.
To use
it
Take
two parts of
sul-
by weight, of
it
fine
fire
over ^he
plate or
smooth stone.
When
cool;
suffi-
to be
way
a tinsmith
If there
it
is
strong solution of
it, makes an The following is the compound used by repairing: To ten parts bisulphide carbon and
147
one part spirits turpentine add enougli gutta percha to make a tough, The surface to be joined must be perfectly free thicklv flowing liquid,
is
accomplished by laying a cloth upon them and The coat is applied to both surfaces, and
made
till
by boiling three parts resin with one of caustic soda and five of water. The composition is then mixed with half its weight of plaster of Paris
and set firmly in half
to three-quarters of
an hour.
It is said to be of
great adhesive power, and not permeable to petroleum, a low conductor Zinc white, white of heat, and but superficially attacked by hot water.
lead, or precipitated chalk
may be
more
slowly.
Useful Cement
up cracks
prepared by mixing finely pulverizd iron, such as can be secured at any druggists, with liquid water-glass, to a thick paste, and then coating
the cracks with
it.
The
its
hotter the
fire
closed.
To Cement Glass or
Take white
paint
keg,
lead, the thick portion
Cliiua.
spread
Lay away
in a dry place,
One pound of logwood and three quarts of water; boil three hours. Apply hot. When dry, brush over with a hot solution of two ounces
sulphate of iron in one quart of water.
Repeat
if
soon as dry.
It will be better if
added
though
To Make Mortar.
Mortar
is
to a paste with
148
water.
and
if
much
water as possible.
giving
it
by
it less
ought never
When
a little
maganese
edifices
is
is
added
mortar
it
it
may be employed
Limestone
becomes brown by
calcination.
Common
pounds.
resin,
five
Mix with heat. Green Sealing Wax. Shellac, two parts; yellow resin, one part; Powder and mix by heating slowly. verdigris, one part. Soft Sealing Wax. Yellow resin, one part; beeswax, four parts; lard, one part; Venice turpentine, one part; color to fancy. Mix with
a gentle heat.
French Sealing Wax. Shellac, two pounds; 3^ellow resin, one pound; Venice turpentine, one pound; Chinese vermilion, three pounds.
Melt with
a gentle heat,
to twenty-four
to the pound.
ounce each of resin and vermilion, all reduced to a fine powder. Place them over a moderate fire and melt them. Any color will do as well as
vermilion.
Sealing
Wax
Beeswax, one-half
shellac,
ounce; English
gum
keep for this purpose, and put in the resin and melt
it,
149
that
in,
shiillac, slowly,
and
stir
and afterward
it
the beeswax.
When
it
at
upon
If
you can dip the bottle-nozzles in. wish the wax tougher, add more beeswax and less vermilion.
slow
fire,
and melt
you
made
of
common
fine,
and mixed
with linseed
oil till it
MISCELLANEOUS.
Mucilage, or Tragacaiitli.
Triturate one-half drachm powdered
gum
ounces water.
Anotuer.
Macerate
linen.
Then
triturate until
this
gum
arabic, six
white sugar.
may be
substituted.
Common
To a dessert-spoonfnl of and mix quite smooth; add
The
Paste.
a pinch of
pinch of powdered resin) and boil for a few minutes, stirring constantly.
addition of a little brown sugar and a few grains of corosive subliis
mate,
Flour Paste. Water, one quart; Dissolve; and, when cold, add flour
cream; then bring
it to
make
it
of the consistence of
a boil, stirring
it all
the while.
|
We
purposes,
150
flour
brought to a
keep
it
much
better.
Any
addition
improve
it
To
Take two ounces of
and pour on
of strength
it
Ctloss Sliirt
Bosoms.
it
fine
white
gum
in a pitcher,
a pint or
desire,
it
you
more of boiling water, according to the degree and then, having covered it, let it stand all night. carefully from the dregs into a clean bottle cork
;
up and keep
it
for use.
pint of starch,
made
in the usual
manner,
white
when nothing
as
it
else
Another.
This
gloss, or enamel,
is
sometimes
called, is pro-
iron,
The
linen
to
it
be glazed receives as
it is
much
strong
possible to charge
with, then
dried.
To each pound
is laid
walnut,
is
usually added.
When
upon the table and moistened very slightly on the surface with a clean, wet cloth. It is then ironed the usual way with a flat-iron, and is ready for the glossing operation. For this purpose a peculiarly heavy flat-iron,
rounded at the bottom and polished as bright as a mirror,
pressed firmly upon the linen, and rubbed with
tional action puts on the gloss. "
is
used.
It is
fric-
much
force,
and this
Elbow grease
To Shrink New
Flannel.
it is
New
that
in
it
made up
is
may
used
manufacturing
may
be extracted.
;
list
along the
warm water
it
(not boiling)
without soap.
till
Begin
and rub
you come
to the other
end
this is
and blue
151
always tinged
Rinse
it
it well.
out on a
line,
do not susvery
it
pend
it in
making
it
cut out.
even,
It
must be dried
in the
sun.
When
dry let
be
stretched
and
rolled
up tightly and
smoothly
till
wanted.
Washing Silverware.
This must
makes the
When it needs
hard; this will
Cleaning Silver.
well before using.
spirits of
in a bottle and
shake
Silver
and plated
woolen
free
rag,
from
better,
and
is
also
excellent
bottles.
To Uasli
To wash
little milk, as this
dishes without soap, have your dishwater hot and add a very
softens the water, gives the dishes a nice gloss and
It
yet no grease
when soap is used. The stone vessles should be set on the stove with a little water in them when the victuals are taken from them; thus they are hot when one is readv to wash them, and the grease is easily removed. Tinware keeps bright longer cleansed in this way than by using soap or by scouring. The habit so many have acquired of scouring tins is a wasteful policy,
is
it.
152
As
the spring days approach, the housewife feels her daily cares
increase.
must be ransacked, overCarpets must be taken beaten, and bedsteads washed in a strong solucloset
As anything
we venture
Save
or
all
them
in a tin
pail
pan
the
to
wash
varnished paint.
impurities and
making the
It
it is
picture
frames.
is
Whiting
a
damp
Take a small quantity on over the surface, and you will be sur-
Wall paper may be readily cleaned by tying a down the walls carefully. The
dust and ashes of stoves are deposited in every crack and crevice of our
rooms,
who can
afford it will
improvement
to use straw
autumn cover them with carpet linings then put down the carpet over them.
Soaps.
or even
common
newspapers, and
Useful Soap.
The
following
is
commended by
floors,
those
who have
and
shave
it in
thin slices; add two ounces of borax and two quarts of cold
it
set
upon the
is re-
is
dissolved.
very
little
heat
When
make
THE HOMESTEAD MANUAL.
153
Many housekeepers
away
in the country
difficult it is
as easily,
it
up
some dry
by the
bar.
The following
Four large bars of yellow soap, two pounds of Shave the soap three ounces of borax, one ounce liquid ammonia.
and put
it
in thin slices,
the best.)
soda; stir
When
till all
the soap
nearly
and
sal-
when
nearly cool
Pour it into a large tub is melted. add the amonia slowly, mixing it well.
it
or shallow pan;
Let
and
it
stand a
No
and
made
all
wash white
clothes, calicoes
excellent for
is
household purposes.
pound, and
made
Hearth and
Home.
lIiite\^as]i.
Soak with boiling water, half a bushel of unslaked lime, keeping it it and add a peck of salt dissolved in
water; three pounds of rice put into boiling water and boiled to a
warm
pound
glue dissolved in
for several days.
is
warm water. Mix these well and let the mixture stand Keep the wash thus prepared in a kettle and when it
on as hot as possible.
wanted put
it
To
Soften
Hard Water.
It can be
made
need
soft
less
by adding borax. Clothes washed with borax in the water Persons who are troubled with rubbing and look whiter.
chapped hands can prevent their becoming rough by the frequent use of
borax.
Iron Holder.
To make
154
of a pair of worn-out boots, cut the leather into squares and cover two or three thicknesses of
in place.
it
it
closely
Over
all
dampis
the ironing
is
to be well done.
so
much
difficulty in
saves
tearing
many
move each
pin a few
inches to a dry place, and then allow time for the frozen spot
at first
line.
to dry, before
Rag
Eight pounds of warp
will
make twenty pounds of carpet; always get it yourself One pound of logwood chips
.
When
very
a carpet is taken
up
The dust
is
it,
very
fine
Before removing
kill
sweet.
Clotlies-Piu Apron.
Clothes-Pin Apron. No woman knows until she has worn one, what a convenience a clothes-pin apron is. To make it, cut a short apron out of a single width of calico, and face it up half the depth with
a piece of the
same
calico,
hemmed
at the top.
the corners,
Make
a stout belt of
doubled
155
To Draw a Rusty
First drive in a
little,
Nail.
it
may be
easier.
To Restore Scratched
Furniture.
add half a
it
Let
remain
stir well
vvhile stirring,
and add one quarter pound of shellac varnish and one ounce of alkamet
root.
Put
this
jar,
and stand
it
before the
fire,
or
in an oven, for a
it
up three
or four
times a day.
teaspoonful on a
Then strain it through a hair seive and bottle it. Pour a wad of baize, go lightly over the surface of furniture,
till
dry,
and
in three
minutes
it will
Another preparation may be made as follows: Make a mixture of It not only oil and one of spirits of turpentine.
it to its
original
its
surface
Put on with
a woolen cloth,
palm
oil,
10
lbs.;
plumbago,
1 lb.
well.
Paste.
correspondent gives the following recipe for a paste for use in mak:
ing scrap-books
Dissolve a piece of
;
alum the
size of a
walnut in a
flour
to
this
made smooth
letting the
in a little cold
of cloves,
whole come to a
boil.
Put Use a
is
This paste
Poisonous Molds.
or
is
an actual poison,
156
The mold
in
of
fatal
Recent chemical researches and microshow that miasm is nothing more or less than a mold, and that this mold is a cloud of living things, and are drawn into the lungs, and by being absorbed into the blood are sufficient
scopic observation
seem
to
Elevated or dry
localities are
wholly
exempt.
Iiistriietioiis for tlie
Ereclion of
I^igliteniiig-
Kods.
1.
diameter;
To secure
it
paint,
itself a
3.
good conductor.
shorter and
4.
The
more direct the course of the rod to the earth the rounded and not in acute angles.
by iron
eyes,
and may be
in the
most perfect
and then turned vertically downward until the end enters the
any blacksmith.
The horizontal part may be buried The rod should be placed in preference A rod of this kind may be put up by of the building. The rod in question is in accordance with our latest
Candy.
knowledge of
electiicity.
Chocolate Caramels.
Two cups
of
Boil for
pound
it
of grated chocolate
wet
cold water.
pans, and
Pour out
in
shallow
when
1 57
Molasses Candy.
^ar, one
One quart
of
size of
eratus.
mix with the molasses, and hardens when dropped from the spoon
dissolved in
into cold water; then stir in the butter and soda, the latter
hot water.
Flavor to your
taste, give
one hard
final
stir,
buttered dishes.
As
it cools,
enough
to handle, pull white into sticks, using only the buttered tips of
Sugar Candy.
Six
Heading
On
cistern, I catch
my
mosquitos, I elevate
my
barrels so
Not having the convenience of a To avoid breeding my own that I can draw the water from the
little
thin
oil,
which
soon
is
and
if it
and no more
on the water.
Sprouting.
An
sprouting, which
exchange gives the following method of preventing potatoes from we hope will be tried and approved: Take good, sound
potatoes and place them in a tub or barrel, and pour boiling water over them, letting them remain in the water until the eyes are scalded so they
will not sprout; dry the potatoes
away
potatoes
the time.
Germantown Telegraph.
158
Vanadium
Inks.
These
Mixing a solution of vanadate of ammonium with a decoction of nutgalls produces a fine black ink, without any tendency to precipitate. The color is not affected by alkalies and not destroyed by chlorine or acids, the latter turning it blue.
chemical interest.
Chrome
Inks.
Only one
provement
suspended
to the color.
As
is
objectionable.
being liable to
of
Digest twenty-four parts Aleppo galls with three parts Dutch madder, and one hundred and twenty parts of warm water; filter, and mix one and two-tenths parts solution of indigo, five and two-tenths
Alizarine.
This
is
ink contains no
pre-
Alazarine ink
may
be evaporated to dryness, and formed into cakes; one part with six of hot
Analine Colored.
It
is
well
known
all red,
gum
arabic dis-
it
settle
is
if
Black.
arabic.
Bruised
Aleppo
gum
it
into a bottle
and keep
it
in a
warm
place,
'
159
and
occasionally.
add
to
creosote^
Blue Patent.
process
is
Common
Prussian blue
is first
macerated
in strong
This
to be
more soluble
in
is
now
to six of the
Prussian
vitrol,
fine;
then
use.
fill
it
Green
Ink.
Cream
tartar,
one part;
verdigris,
two parts;
water,
eight parts.
Indelible Ink.
Nitrate
mix well. The must first be moistened with liquid pounce, or the preparation, as it is commonly called, dried, and then written on with a clean quill pen. This ink will bear dilution if not wanted very black. The pounce is
ounce, and sap green or syrup of buckthorn to color;
linen
made
water one
India ink ground up with ordinary black writing ink forms a cheap
indelible ink for
common
purposes.
and most
acids,
Without Preparation.
ammonia
Nitrate
of silver,
one or two
drachms;
then
much
formed on
little
Writing executed^'ron.
160
Purple.
little
Brown.
Boil
until dissolved,
and
in one-half ounce
of
obtained.
gum.
Eed.
Some
be
it is to
used.
Secret.
applied to render
visible.
Put
is
nearly colorless,
drachm bromide drachm of pure sulphate of copper. The solution but becomes brown when heated.
If a little
common
it
salt
be added,
when
becomes a pale
A
A
black
brown when
it is
becomes
paper containing
weak
if
Mix equal
solve in water.
weak
Lemon
held to the
fire.