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    Matt Beck
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    This document contains the work of a student named Matthew Beck on dynamics homework problems 1.5-1.7. In problem 1.5, Beck analyzes three different potential energy functions and how they relate to periodic motion. Problem 1.6 derives equations of motion for a central force problem using polar coordinates. Problem 1.7 calculates the velocity needed to escape a gravitational field, derives the trajectory equation for an object just escaping, and shows the same velocity is needed for radial vs. tangential escape.

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    This document contains the work of a student named Matthew Beck on dynamics homework problems 1.5-1.7. In problem 1.5, Beck analyzes three different potential energy functions and how they relate to periodic motion. Problem 1.6 derives equations of motion for a central force problem using polar coordinates. Problem 1.7 calculates the velocity needed to escape a gravitational field, derives the trajectory equation for an object just escaping, and shows the same velocity is needed for radial vs. tangential escape.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    44 views5 pages

    Dynamics HW 1

    Uploaded by

    Matt Beck
    This document contains the work of a student named Matthew Beck on dynamics homework problems 1.5-1.7. In problem 1.5, Beck analyzes three different potential energy functions and how they relate to periodic motion. Problem 1.6 derives equations of motion for a central force problem using polar coordinates. Problem 1.7 calculates the velocity needed to escape a gravitational field, derives the trajectory equation for an object just escaping, and shows the same velocity is needed for radial vs. tangential escape.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 5

    Matthew Beck

    Dynamics HW I
    9/10/12
    1.5 a)
    V (x) = A|x|
    n
    (1)
    0
    20
    40
    60
    80
    100
    -4 -2 0 2 4
    V(x) = |x|^1
    V(x) = |x|^2
    V(x) = |x|^3
    V(x) = |x|^4
    V(x) = |x|^5
    Figure 1: Potential for 1-5a with varying exponent values.
    Periodic motion can occur for any E = [0:V(x)] at any position [-x:x] constrained within the
    concave nature of the potential. In the limiting case of n=2, the range of movement between
    turning points is much larger than any of the higher powers graphed.
    1.5 b)
    V (x) = V
    0
    sech(x)
    2
    (2)
    1
    -1
    -0.9
    -0.8
    -0.7
    -0.6
    -0.5
    -0.4
    -0.3
    -0.2
    -0.1
    0
    -10 -5 0 5 10
    V(x) = sech(1 x)^2
    V(x) = sech(2 x)^2
    V(x) = sech(3 x)^2
    V(x) = sech(4 x)^2
    V(x) = sech(5 x)^2
    Figure 2: Potential for 1-5b with varying values.
    Periodic motion can occur for any E = [V(x):0] within any x range enclosed by the concave
    nature of the potential. Varying the value restricts the range of motion between turning
    points.
    1.5 c)
    V (x) = V
    0
    tan(x)
    2
    (3)
    0
    2
    4
    6
    8
    10
    -10 -5 0 5 10
    V(x) = tan(1 x)^2
    V(x) = tan(2 x)^2
    V(x) = tan(3 x)^2
    V(x) = tan(4 x)^2
    V(x) = tan(5 x)^2
    Figure 3: Potential for 1-5c with varying values.
    2
    Of the 3 given potentials, this is the only given that is periodic in position. This extends
    the range at which periodic motion occurs as some fractional or multiple of depending on
    the value given.
    Period Calculations
    a)
    =
    _
    dx
    x
    =
    _
    dr
    _
    2
    m
    (E A|x|
    2
    )
    =
    _
    dx
    _
    2E
    m
    _
    (1
    A
    E
    |x|
    2
    )
    = C
    0
    arcsin(
    _
    A
    E
    x) (4)
    b)
    =
    _
    dx
    _
    2
    m
    (E + V
    0
    sech(x)
    2
    )
    (5)
    c)
    =
    _
    dx
    _
    2
    m
    (E V
    0
    tan(x)
    2
    )
    (6)
    1.6)
    mr = F (7)
    F = f(r) r (8)
    r(t) = x(t) x + y(t) y (9)
    r(t) = x(t) x + y(t) y (10)
    x(t) = r(t)cos((t)) (11)
    y(t) = r(t)sin((t) (12)
    t dependance dropped for readability
    x = rsin()

    + rcos() (13)
    x = r
    _
    sin()

    + cos()

    2
    _
    2 r

    sin() + rcos() (14)
    y = rcos()

    + rsin() (15)
    y = r
    _
    cos()

    sin()

    2
    _
    + 2 r

    cos() + rsin() (16)
    3
    x + y = r(cos() + sin())
    + r

    (sin() + cos())
    2r

    2
    (cos() + sin())
    + 2 r

    (cos() sin()) (17)
    Unit vectors...
    r =
    r
    ||r||
    = cos() + sin() (18)

    = sin() + cos() (19)


    replace in (14)
    x + y = r r
    + r

    2r

    2
    r
    + 2 r

    (20)
    substitute into (4) and set respective vector components equal
    m( r r

    2
    ) = f(r) (21)
    m(r

    + 2 r

    ) = 0, qed (22)
    1-6b)
    V (r) E =
    _
    f(r)dr =
    _
    m( r r

    )dr (23)
    dr = rdt (24)

    =
    l
    mr
    2
    (25)
    V (r) E =
    _
    m
    _
    r r
    _
    l
    2
    m
    2
    r
    4
    __
    rdt =
    _
    1
    2
    m r
    2
    +
    l
    2
    2mr
    2
    _
    (26)
    After the integration, (26) shows us the starting with energy (rst integral) or Newtons
    second law, the results are the same. Considering either the central potential V(r) or the
    force that it begets
    dV (r)
    dr
    , the same equations can be derived (FW 3.8 - 3.9).
    4
    1-7a)
    centripetal force
    mv
    2
    0
    R
    =
    GM
    e
    m
    R
    2
    v
    2
    0
    =
    GM
    e
    R
    K
    0
    =
    GM
    e
    m
    2R
    (27)
    Kinetic Energy == Potential Energy to escape
    T = U =
    GM
    e
    m
    R
    = 2K
    o
    (28)
    compare v
    1
    to v
    2
    v
    2
    1
    = 2v
    2
    0
    = (v
    0
    + v)
    2
    (29)
    v = (

    2 1)v
    0
    (

    2 1)v
    0
    (30)
    mv = m(

    2 1)v
    0
    = m(

    2 1)
    _
    GM
    e
    R
    (31)
    1-7b) The trajectory is a parabola.
    = 1 (32)
    C =
    m
    2

    l
    2
    l
    2
    = (mv
    1
    R)
    2
    = m
    2
    2v
    0
    R
    2
    = 2GM
    e
    m
    2
    R
    2
    (33)
    C =
    1
    2R
    (34)
    1
    r
    =
    1
    2R
    (1 cos()) (35)
    1-7c)
    The same velocity will need to be achieved for escape from rest.
    mv
    rad
    = mv
    1
    = m

    2v
    0
    (36)
    mv
    tan
    = m(

    2 1)v
    0
    (37)
    5

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